Medical microbiology and virology Books

Book SynopsisYour ability to fight off infections and viruses is determined by your immune system. It may be that you fall ill more frequently than those around you. But this is not something you just have to live with - your immune resilience can be improved.Clinical nutritionist Romilly Hodges offers science-based nutritional and lifestyle advice on how to build your immune resilience.Exploring how our bodies protect us from disease, Immune Resilience will allow you to identify ways you can build your body''s defences. A personalised programme covering diet, lifestyle and stress will help you achieve this. Did you know that sleep is connected to immune memory? And that good germs increase your immunity? You can even undertake exercises that boost immunity.With healthy recipes, a supplements guide and information on specific infections, Immune Resilience allows you to take control of your health.

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Book SynopsisFor readers of Giulia Enders' Gut and Bill Bryson's The Body, a surprising, witty and sparkling exploration of the teeming microbiome of possibility in human feces from microbiologist and science journalist Bryn Nelson.The future is sh*t: the literal kind. For most of human history we've been, well, disinclined to take a closer look at our body's natural product-the complex antihero of this story-save for gleaning some prophecy of our own health. But if we were to take more than a passing look at our poop, we would spy a veritable cornucopia of possibilities. We would see potent medicine, sustainable power, and natural fertilizer to restore the world's depleted lands. We would spy a time capsule of evidence for understanding past lives and murderous ends. We would glimpse effective ways of measuring and improving human health from the cradle to the grave, early warnings of community outbreaks like Covid-19, and new means of identifying environmental harm-and then reversing it.Flush is both an urgent exploration of the world's single most squandered natural resource, and a cri de coeur (or cri de colon?) for the vast, hidden value in our "waste." Award-winning journalist and microbiologist Bryn Nelson, PhD, leads readers through the colon and beyond with infectious enthusiasm, helping to usher in a necessary mental shift that could restore our balance with the rest of the planet and save us from ourselves. Unlocking poop's enormous potential will require us to overcome our shame and disgust and embrace our role as the producers and architects of a more circular economy in which lowly byproducts become our species' salvation. Locked within you is a medicine cabinet, a biogas pipeline, a glass of drinking water, a mound of fuel briquettes; it's time to open the doors (carefully!). A dose of medicine, a glass of water, a gallon of rocket fuel, an acre of soil: sometimes hope arrives in surprising packages.

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Book SynopsisFor over 30 years I have been engaged as a parasitolo­ nitz, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, was arranged in the pres­ gist in research on endemic diseases in our land. However, ence of Professor Jusatz. lt was indeed a great honor for I have been somewhat dissatisfied within my heart of me, but I also felt a very heavy responsibility; how to set hearts from the point of view of a medical person. Most of up the scheme, how to collect the materials, how to di­ gest, analyze and compile them in accordance with the us, myself included, handle disease sectionally, not com­ prehensively. Clinicians pay more attention to finding ef­ original goals. I frankly confess to realizing how limited fective drugs, medical scientists concentrate more effort my knowledge was at the same time. Poor editing would on clarifying pathologic etiology, and public health work­ result in dishonor not only to myself, but to my country ers are more concerned with environmental sanitation. as well. Now at this juncture, the point of editing, I am filled Thus, most of us generally neglect to search out the with deep emotion. In spite of limited time and knowl­ causal relation of a certain disease. For a disease to be established various factors must be involved: agent, ecolo­ edge, this manuscript will be prepared for edition at all gy, hosts, carriers, transmitters, habits, geographic and events.Table of ContentsA. The Land and Its People.- B. Health Facilities, the Health Professions, and Public Health Services.- C. The Diseases of the Country.- D. Factors Affecting Health Problems.- References.- Illustrations.- Maps.- Figures.- Fig. 1. Monthly temperature in Seoul by means (1931–I960).- Fig. 2. Mean air temperature (°C) Annual.- Fig. 3. Mean air temperature (°C) January.- Fig. 4. Mean air temperature (°C) August.- Fig. 5. Amount of precipitation (mm) annual.- Fig. 6. Age distribution 1970.- Fig. 7. Age distribution 1975.- Fig. 8. Development of total population, population of 14 years and over and economically active population, employment by industry.- Fig. 9. Korean farm house type: Central Korean type (Gyeong-gi Do).- Fig. 10. Korean farm house type: Southern Korean type (Jeonra Nam Do).- Fig. 11. Anatomical chart in Ancient Korean Medicine.- Fig. 12. Prevalence of radiological active pulmonary tuberculosis by age (1965, 1970, 1975).- Fig. 13. Incidence curve of Korean hemorrhagic fever (1951–1971).- Fig. 14. Number of gonococcus positive specimens examined during the years 1969–1973 at Severance Hospital Laboratory.- Fig. 15. Quantitative levels of nutrition in Korea.- Fig. 16. Qualitative levels of nutrition in Korea.- Fig. 17. Korean recommended dietary allowances, energy (Cal/day/adult).- Fig. 18. Korean recommended dietary allowances, protein (g/day/adult).- Maps.- Map-Plate.- Map 1 Orography of Korea 1: 3 000 000 Map-Plate.- Map 2 Administration Republic of Korea 1: 1 500 000 Map-Plate.- Map 3 Distribution of Population, Republic of Korea.- Map 3 a Net Migration in and out of Seoul.- Map 3 b Net Migration in and out of Busan.- Map 3 c Invasion Routes of Cholera.- Map-Plate.- Map 4 Health Facilities, Republic of Korea.- Map 4 a Distribution of Leprosy Patients by Birth Place.- Map 4 b Morbidity Rate of Japanese Encephalitis Map 4 c Distribution of Microfilaria Positive Cases Map-Plate.- Map 5 Agrargeographical Survey.- Map 5a Example of Land Use: Alluvial Plain (Honom Plain Near Iri, Province Jeonra Bug Do).- Map 5 b Example of Land Use: Hilly Area (Near Jochiweon, Province Chungcheon Nam Do).- Map 5 c Example of Land Use: Mountainous Area (Taebaeg Mountains West of Mugho, Province Gang-weon Do).

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Book SynopsisEinblicke in einer verborgene WeltViren sind Grenzgänger des Lebens. Mikroskopisch klein, als Krankheitserreger gefürchtet, doch in ihrer Vielfalt und in ihrer Bedeutung für die biologischen Netzwerke auf der Erde und für die Evolution des Lebens erst ansatzweise verstanden - und immer wieder für Überraschungen gut. Viren sind Opportunisten, die oft geduldig auf ihre Chance warten - in Ruhestadien oder eingebettet in das Erbgut ihrer Wirte -, und Meister der Anpassung. Ihre Vermehrungsstrategien und Übertragungsmechanismen sind so vielfältig wie ihre Erscheinungsformen. Die meisten Viren sind "nur" Nucleinsäuren in einer Proteinhülle, aber sie kapern Pflanzen-, Tier- und Bakterienzellen, nisten sich dort langfristig ein oder übernehmen unmittelbar die genetische Kontrolle. Dieser Band eröffnet einen faszinierenden Blick auf das ganze Panorama dieser Lebenskünstler, die wir gewöhnlich als Feinde betrachten, die aber auch Helfer sein können. Nach einer Einführung in die Grundlagen der Virologie - was genau sind Viren, woraus bestehen sie, wie sehen ihre Lebenszyklen aus, welche Evolutionspfade haben sie beschritten? - liefern 101 Porträts detaillierte Einblicke in die besonderen Eigenschaften und Fähigkeiten einzelner Virustypen, vom Grippeerreger bis zum Bakteriophagen T4, vom Tabakmosaikvirus bis zu den gefürchteten Ebola-, Zika- und Dengue-Viren.Trade Review“... Basisinformationen zum jeweiligen Virus vermittelt eine kurze, aber prägnante und äußerst verständliche Beschreibung. Übersichtliche und einprägsame Zeichnungen erleichtern das Verständnis bestimmter Besonderheiten. Zahlreiche Aufnahmen von Viren lassen sie bei allem Schrecken, den sie verursachen können, in ganz neuem Bild erscheinen.” (Dr. Thomas Patzelt, Hehlen, in: Rundschau für Fleischhygiene und Lebensmittelüberwachung RLF, Jg. 73, Februar 2021)Table of ContentsViren des Menschen.- Viren der Wirbeltiere.- Viren der Pflanzen.- Viren der Wirbellosen.- Viren der Pilze und Protisten.- Viren der Bakterien und Archaeen.

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Book SynopsisA rollicking yet rigorous inquiry that follows the science of germs into the kitchen, restaurant and everywhere else you eat and drink.

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Book SynopsisThis text is an essential study guide for undergraduates studying microbiology modules on degree courses in pharmacy and the pharmaceutical sciences.Trade Review“As a quick review for budding pharmaceutical chemists who are learning pharmaceutical microbiology, this book could be useful. It is generally well written and presents a brief outline of the topics that it seeks to cover.” (Doody’s, 21 June 2013) Table of ContentsPreface vii Part I Characteristics of microorganisms Chapter 1 The microbial world 3 Chapter 2 Handling and growing microorganisms 11 Chapter 3 Bacterial structure and function 21 Chapter 4 Mycology: the study of fungi 33 Chapter 5 Protozoa 43 Chapter 6 Viruses and viral infections 49 Chapter 7 Characteristics of other microorganisms and infectious agents 57 Part II Microorganisms and the Treatment of Infections Chapter 8 Infection and immunity 65 Chapter 9 The selection and use of antibiotics 79 Chapter 10 Antibacterial antibiotics 87 Chapter 11 Antifungal agents 95 Chapter 12 Antiviral agents 103 Chapter 13 Antibiotic resistance 117 Chapter 14 Antibiotic stewardship 127 Part III Microorganisms and the Manufacture of Medicines Chapter 15 Bioburdens: counting, detecting and identifying microorganisms 137 Chapter 16 Antiseptics, disinfectants and preservatives 149 Chapter 17 The manufacture of medicines: product contamination and preservation 161 Chapter 18 The design of sterilization processes 175 Chapter 19 Sterilization methods 183 Chapter 20 The use of microorganisms in the manufacture of medicines 197 Index 209

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Book SynopsisAn infection that occurs during pregnancy presents a constellation of problems above and beyond those normally associated with the disease. Even a relatively minor infection can threaten the lives of both mother and fetus and cause serious birth defects; and many conventional treatments can produce disastrous side effects during pregnancy. Over the past half-decade, enormous strides have been made in our ability to understand, diagnose, and treat infections in pregnant women. Infections in Pregnancy, Second Edition, is expanded to cover the latest and most useful guidelines for understanding, diagnosing, and treating infections during pregnancy. This comprehensive volume contains in-depth explanations of dozens of diseases and their pathologies, from common infections, such as human papilloma virus, to new and rare diseases. It provides important information on the administration, monitoring, and side effects of new antibiotics; reviews the Centers for Disease Control and PrevTrade Review"This book brings together all of these infections and as such is a comprehensive review of the subject." --Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Volume 19, Number 3, 1999Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Microflora of the Genital Tract. Antibiotic Usage in Pregnancy. Acute Chorioamnionitis. Postpartum Endometritis. Episiotomy Infection and Dehiscence. Soft-Tissue Infection. Syphilis in Pregnancy. Sexually Transmitted Diseases: I Gonorrhea and Chlamydia. Sexually Transmitted Diseases: II Chancroid, Lymphogranuloma Venereum, Granuloma Inguinale, Molluscum Contagiosum, Pediculosis Pubis, and Scabies. Hepatitis in Pregnancy. Varicella-Zoster Infection in Pregnancy. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Pregnancy. Mumps in Pregnancy. Measles in Pregnancy. Influenza Infection in Pregnancy. Protozoan Infection in Pregnancy. Pneumonia in Pregnancy. Preconceptual Counseling. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis important book covers the structure and molecular biology of small round structured viruses (SSRVs) such as caliciviruses and astroviruses, and the basic pathology of infection. It provides readers with the knowledge needed to make progress in the prevention and treatment of these infections.Table of ContentsIntroduction (M. Estes). Gastroenteritis Viruses: An Overview (R. Glass, et al.). Structural Studies on Gastroenteritis Viruses (B. Prasad, et al.). Early Events of Rotavirus Infection: The Search for the Receptor(s) (C. Arias, et al.). Rotavirus RNA Replication and Gene Expression (J. Patton). Pathogenesis of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis (M. Estes, et al.). Correlates of Protection Against Rotavirus Infection and Disease (P. Offit). Rotavirus Epidemiology and Surveillance (U. Desselberger, et al.). A Rotavirus Vaccine for Prevention of Severe Diarrhoea of Infants and Young Children: Development, Utilization and Withdrawal (A. Kapikian). The Molecular Biology of Human Caliciviruses (I. Clarke & P. Lambden). Molecular Epidemiology of Human Enteric Caliciviruses in The Netherlands (M. Koopmans, et al.). Molecular Biology of Astroviruses: Selected Highlights (S. Matsui, et al.). Molecular Epidemiology of Human Astroviruses (S. Monroe, et al.). Enteric Infections with Coronaviruses and Toroviruses (K. Holmes). Viruses Causing Diarrhoea in AIDS (R. Pollok). Treatment of Gestrointestinal Viruses (M. Farthing). Summing-Up (M. Estes). Index of Contributors. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisInterspersed with cartoons which are simultaneously educational and amusing, this reference examines the principles of bacteriology. It has been designed as a handbook to give medical students ready access to all types of bacteria and their treatment.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Classification of Bacteria. Ecology and Spread of Bacteria. Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections. Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections. Antimicrobial Agents. Sterilisation and Disinfection. Immunisation Against Bacterial Infections. Clinical Syndromes. The Stapylococci. Bacillus Species. Listeria. The Clostridia. Treponema Species. Borrelia Species. Legionella. Brucella Species. Franciscella, Yersinia and Pasteurella Species. Coliforms, Pseudomonads and Allied Organisms. Salmonella Species. Shigella Species. Vibrios. Helicobacter Pylori. Bacteroides Species. The Mycobacteria. The Mycoplasmas. The Chlamydiae. The Rickettsiae. Index.

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Book SynopsisCommunicable Disease Epidemiology and Control Edited by Norman Noah King''s College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK, and Mary O''Mahony Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK With the growing interest in communicable diseases and their control worldwide, largely due to new and re-emerging infections, there is a need for up-to-date information in this continually changing field. Timely and wide ranging, Communicable Disease: Epidemiology and Control addresses many of the contemporary issues and provides: * Detailed and concise examination of management issues, such as commissioning and contracting, setting up an incident room, and legal aspects * A practical approach * An examination of a wide spectrum of issues in communicable diseases, including cholera, tuberculosis, Helicobacter pylori, and sexually transmitted diseases This volume is an invaluable resource for microbiologists, epidemiologists and all professionals involved in public health.Table of ContentsEPIDEMIOLOGY. Global Trends in Communicable Disease Control (A. Cliff & P. Haggett). Recent Trends in the Epidemiology and Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections (I. Simms & A. Nicoll). The Global Resurgence of Cholera (E. Mintz, et al.). The Resurgence of Tuberculosis (J. Grange). The Epidemiology of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (R. Khabbaz & J. Childs). Consequences of Helicobacter pylori Infection (R. Feldman & D. Strachan). MANAGEMENT ISSUES. Commissioning and Contracting Issues in Communicable Disease Control (G. Duckworth & A. Cummins). Setting Up an Incident Room (E. Mitchell). Legal Aspects of Communicable Disease Control (M. Painter & J. Button). Surveillance of Infectious Disease in a Region (S. Palmer). Appendix. Index.

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Book SynopsisIn 1993, an International Task Force for Disease Eradication evaluated over 80 potential candidate diseases and made recommendations. However, little has been done to develop the science of eradication systematically. This book reports the findings of a multidisciplinary workshop on the eradication of infectious diseases. It reviews the history of eradication efforts and lessons from previous campaigns and distinguishes among eradication, elimination, and control programs and extinction of an etiologic agent. It addresses a wide range of related issues, including biological and socio-political criteria for eradication, costs and benefits of eradication campaigns, opportunities for strengthening primary health care in the course of eradication efforts, and other aspects of planning and implementing eradication programs. Finally, it stresses the importance of global mechanisms for formulating and implementing such programs.Table of ContentsWhat Is Eradication? (F. Fenner, et al.). Lessons from Previous Eradication Programs (A. Hinman D. Hopkins). The Role of Mathematical Models in Eradication of Infectious Disease (G. Medley, et al.). Group Report: How Is Eradication to Be Defined and What Are the Biological Criteria? (E. Ottesen, et al.). Disease Eradication Initiatives and General Health Services: Ensuring Common Principles Lead to Mutual Benefits (R. Aylward, et al.). Economic Appraisal of Eradication Programs: The Question of Infinite Benefits ( A. Acharya C. Murray). An Economic Perspective on Programs Proposed for Eradication of Infectious Diseases (M. Gyldmark A. Alban). Group Report: What Are the Criteria for Estimating the Costs and Benefits of Disease Eradication? (R. Hall, et al.). Roles for Public and Private Sectors in Eradication Programs (C. de Quadros, et al.). Overcoming Political and Cultural Barriers to Disease Eradication (S. Foster). Advantages and Disadvantages of Concurrent Eradication Programs (S. Cochi, et al.). Designing Eradication Programs to Strengthen Primary Health Care (C. Taylor R. Waldman). Group Report: What Are the Societal and Political Criteria for Eradication? (S. Cochi, et al.). Are There Better Global Mechanisms for Formulating, Implementing, and Evaluating Eradication Programs? (I. Arita). Thoughts on Organization for Disease Eradication (W. Foege). Group Report: When and How Should Eradication Programs Be Implemented? (R. Goodman, et al.). Indexes.

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Book SynopsisThis text is for advanced undergraduates of microbiology and medical microbiology, presenting a comprehensive introduction to late-1990s molecular biology of the interactions between bacteria and eukaryotic cells, and their relevance to human diseases.Trade Review"A splendidly written book...""...the authors have achieved their goal and the book should be useful to students and researchers in many subject areas." --Microbiology Today, November 2000Table of ContentsBACKGROUND TO CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY. An Introduction to Cellular Microbiology. The Cellular Biology Underlying Prokaryotic-Eukaryotic Interactions. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Signalling Mechanisms. Molecular Techniques Defining Bacterial Virulence Mechanisms. PROKARYOTIC-EUKARYOTIC INTERACTIONS IN INFECTION. Bacterial Adhesion to Host Cells. Bacterial Invasion of Host Cells. Bacterial Protein Toxins: Agents of Disease and Probes of Eukaryotic Cell Behaviour. The Innate Immune Response and Bacterial Infections. Acquired Immunity in the Defence Against Bacteria. Future Developments in Cellular Microbiology. Index.

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Book SynopsisTheobald Smith (18591934) is widely considered to be America's first significant medical scientist and the world's leading comparative pathologist. This is the first book-length biography of Smith to appear in print, and is based primarily on personal papers and correspondence that have remained in the possession of his family until now.Trade ReviewThis dedication to microbiologist Smith provides a detailed account of a lifelong passion for using science to alleviate human suffering. Dolman and Wolfe meticulously investigate factors in Smith’s upbringing that led him to studying medicine… The authors recount Smith’s associations with notable scientists who led him to pursue medical studies emphasizing pathology. The list of colleagues who influenced Smith’s research reads like a who’s who of microbiology. Smith’s collaborations include other famous microbiologists who investigated infectious bacterial diseases of animal and humans. Each chapter presents Smith’s research according to the chronology of his life and concurrent developments in medicine and microbiology, and discusses his contributions to controlling tragic livestock diseases such as cattle fever, hog cholera, and swine plague. -- B. R. Shmaefsky * Choice *

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Book SynopsisMedical historian, medical researcher, and clinician Powel H. Kazanjian uses Novy’s archived letters, laboratory notebooks, lecture notes, and published works to examine medical research and educational activities at the University of Michigan and other key medical schools during a formative period in modern U.S. medical science. Trade Review"The 'hero narrative' of science that honours stars such as Isaac Newton and Marie Curie often obscures the multitudes who lay the foundations – that centuries-old chain of curious minds. In this biography, physician and historian Powel Kazanjian pulls one from that multitude into the light: microbiology pioneer Frederick Novy. Kazanjian's detailed and authoritative account reveals how Novy (1864-1957) did fundamental work that shaped the field's development, and introduced basic research into medical training." * Nature *"Novy has been unduly neglected by historians to date, and Kazanjian performs an important service in correcting this gap; Frederick Novy and the Development of Bacteriology in Medicine is a well-written and timely piece that alters our understanding of the rise of biomedical teaching and research in the United States." -- Scott H. Podolsky * Harvard Medical School and author of The Antibiotic Era *"Powel Kazanjian's Frederick Novy and the Development of Bacteriology in Medicine tells a critical, insightful, and overlooked story in the history of medicine and science. It is a triumph of scholarship and narrative." -- Howard Markel * author of An Anatomy of Addiction and When Germs Travel *"The great value of Kazanjian’s work is in providing a case study of how American medicine was made scientific in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries." * Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences *"Kazanjian has given us a much desired account of a very significant career. His main point, that Novy’s bacteriology differed from the application-focused William Welchian science of public health, expands our knowledge of American medical bacteriology. It is well founded and important. The book expands our scope of what the history of medical bacteriology is all about." * Bulletin of the History of Medicine *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction 1 Frederick Novy and the Origins of the Michigan Hygienic Laboratory 2 What Novy Did in His Medical School Laboratory 3 Making Medical Education Scientific 4 Defining Bacteriology as a Discipline in Its Early Years 5 Significance for American Culture: Arrowsmith 6 Making a Scientific Career in Medicine Conclusion Notes Index

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Book SynopsisThis volume contains a series of contributions from established European researchers which consider aspects of molecular variability in fungal pathogens. Chapters are derived from a workshop held in Evian, France, in September 1997, supported by the EU Concerted Action Air 3-CT94-2448. The volume is divided into three sections. The first includes contributions which consider and review the major mechanisms involved, the second details specific studies on variability in populations of different fungal pathogens, and the third includes contributions on methods for interpreting such variability. The workshop was intended to bring together methods and understanding from a wide range of fungal pathogens, and this is reflected in the volume where individual contributions include case studies and reviews of populations of fungi pathogenic on insects and nematodes as well as plant and human pathogens. The combination of mechanisms, characterisation and interpretation across a wide range of appTable of Contents1: Contributors 2: Foreword, Ulrich Kück 3: Molecular Variability of Fungal Pathogens: Using the Rice Blast Fungus as a Case Study, N J Talbot 4: Molecular Variability in Sexually Reproducing Fungal Plant Pathogens, J M Duncan, D Cooke, P Birch and R Toth 5: Parasexuality in Fungi: Mechanisms and Significance in Wild Populations, A J M Debets 6: Molecular Variability of Viruses of Fungi, K W Buck 7: Activator-like Transposons in Beauveria Species, U Kück, S Jacobsen and F Kempken 8: Fungal Pathogenesis in Insects, J Clarkson, S Screen, A Bailey, B Cobb and K Charnley 9: Combination of Different Independent Molecular Markers to Understand the Genetic Structure of Beauveria Populations, Y Couteaudier, M Viaud and C Neuvéglise 10: Assessing Diversity in Colletotrichum and Trichodera Species Using Molecular Markers, P R Mills, S Sreenivasaprasad and S Muthumeenakshi 11: Variability in the Human Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, J P Latgé, J P Debeaupuis, J Sarfati and S Paris 12: Reproduction and Population Structure in Phytopathogenic Fungi, Y Brygoo, V Caffier, J Carlier, Jean-Vincent Fabre, D Fernandez, T Giraud, X Mourichon, C Neema, Jean-Loup Notteghem, C Pope, D Tharreau and Marc-Henri Lebrun 13: Variation in the Subtilisins of Fungal Pathogens of Insects and Nematodes, T M Butt, R Segers, S C Leal and B R Kerry 14: Metabolites Influencing Pathogenicity of Nematophagous Fungi, L V Lopez-Llorca and C Olivares-Bernabeu 15: Sources of Molecular Variability and Applications in Characterization of the Plant Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum, S L Woo and M Lorito 16: Variability of Human Pathogenic Fungi, D Sullivan and D Coleman 17: Mitochondrial DNA Differences Provide Maximum Intraspecific Polymorphism in the Entomopathogenic Fungi Verticillium lecanii and Metarhizium anisopliae and Allow Isolate Detection/Identification, M A Typas, A Mavridou and V Kouvelis 18: RAPD-PCR for the Molecular Characterization of Beauveria brongniartii Isolates Useful as Biocontrol Agents of the European Cockchafer Melolontha melolontha, O I Ozino, P Piatti and F Cravanzola 19: Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetic Implications of ITS Sequence in Plants and in Fungi, J Mugnier 20: Neural Network Approaches to Interpreting Variability, L Boddy, C W Morris, A Morgan and L Al-Haddad 21: Numerical Analysis of Molecular Variability: A Comparison of Hierarchic and Non-hierarchic Methods, P Bridge 22: Index

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Book SynopsisPraised forits clarity of presentation and accessibility, Introduction to Modern Virology has been a successful student text for over 30 years.Table of ContentsPreface xvii About the companion website xix Part I The Nature of Viruses 1 Chapter 1 Towards a definition of a virus 3 1.1 Discovery of viruses 4 1.2 Multiplication of viruses 5 1.3 The virus multiplication cycle 6 1.4 Viruses can be defined in chemical terms 7 1.5 Multiplication of bacterial and animal viruses is fundamentally similar 10 1.6 Viruses can be manipulated genetically 11 1.7 Properties of viruses 11 1.8 Origin of viruses 12 Key points 12 Further reading 12 Chapter 2 The structure of virus particles 13 2.1 Virus particles are constructed from subunits 13 2.2 The structure of filamentous viruses and nucleoproteins 14 2.3 The structure is of isometric virus particles 15 2.4 Enveloped (membrane-bound) virus particles 24 2.5 Virus particles with head-tail morphology 27 2.6 Frequency of occurrence of different virus particle morphologies 28 2.7 Principles of disassemply: virus particles are metastable 28 Key points 29 Further reading 29 Chapter 3 Classification of viruses 30 3.1 Classification on the basis of disease 30 3.2 Classification on the basis of host organism 31 3.3 Classification on the basis of virus particle morphology 31 3.4 Classification on the basis of viral nucleic acids 32 3.5 Classification on the basis of taxonomy 34 3.6 Satellites, viroids and prions 35 Key points 37 Further reading 38 Chapter 4 The evolution of viruses 39 4.1 Mechanisms of virus evolution 40 4.2 The potential for rapid evolution: mutation and quasispecies 40 4.3 Rapid evolution: recombination 43 4.4 Rapid evolution: reassortment 43 4.5 Evolution to find a host, and subsequent co-evolution with the host 46 Key points 51 Questions 51 Further reading 51 Chapter 5 Techniques for studying viruses 52 5.1 Culturing wild virus isolates 52 5.2 Enumeration of viruses 54 5.3 Measuring infectious virus titres 55 5.4 Measuring physical virus titres 57 5.5 Detecting virus in a sample 58 5.6 Understanding virus replication cycles 62 5.7 Viral genetics and reverse genetics 63 5.8 Systems-level virology 63 Key points 65 Questions 65 Further reading 65 Part II Virus Growth in Cells 67 Chapter 6 The process of infection: I. Virus attachment and entry into cells 69 6.1 Infection of animal cells: the nature and importance of receptors 69 6.2 Infection of animal cells: enveloped viruses 73 6.3 Infection of animal cells: non-enveloped viruses 78 6.4 Infection of plant cells 80 6.5 Infection of bacteria 81 6.6 Infection of cells: post-entry events 82 6.7 Virus entry: cell culture and the whole organism 84 Key points 84 Questions 84 Further reading 85 Chapter 7 The process of infection: IIA. The replication of viral DNA 86 7.1 The universal mechanism of DNA synthesis 87 7.2 Replication of circular double-stranded DNA genomes 90 7.3 Replication of linear double-stranded DNA genomes that can form circles 93 7.4 Replication of linear double-stranded DNA genomes that do not circularize 96 7.5 Replication of single-stranded circular DNA genomes 100 7.6 Replication of single-stranded linear DNA genomes 100 7.7 Dependency versus autonomy among DNA viruses 103 Key points 103 Questions 103 Further reading 103 Chapter 8 The process of infection: IIB. Genome replication in RNA viruses 105 8.1 Nature and diversity of RNA virus genomes 106 8.2 Regulatory elements for RNA virus genome synthesis 106 8.3 Synthesis of the RNA genome of Baltimore class 3 viruses 111 8.4 Synthesis of the RNA genome of Baltimore class 4 viruses 111 8.5 Synthesis of the RNA genome of Baltimore class 5 viruses 115 8.6 Synthesis of the RNA genome of viroids and hepatitis delta virus 118 Key points 119 Questions 119 Further reading 119 Chapter 9 The process of infection: IIC. The replication of RNA viruses with a DNA intermediate and vice versa 121 9.1 The retrovirus replication cycle 122 9.2 Discovery of reverse transcription 122 9.3 Retroviral reverse transcriptase 123 9.4 Mechanism of retroviral reverse transcription 125 9.5 Integration of retroviral DNA into cell DNA 128 9.6 Production of retrovirus progeny genomes 130 9.7 Spumaviruses: retrovirus with unusual features 131 9.8 The hepadnavirus replication cycle 131 9.9 Mechanism of hepadnavirus reverse transcription 131 9.10 Comparing reverse transcribing viruses 134 Key points 134 Questions 134 Further reading 135 Chapter 10 The process of infection: IIIA. Gene expression in DNA viruses and reverse-transcribing viruses 136 10.1 The DNA viruses and retroviruses: Baltimore classes 1, 2, 6 and 7 137 10.2 Polyomaviruses 138 10.3 Papillomaviruses 142 10.4 Adenoviruses 144 10.5 Herpesviruses 147 10.6 Poxviruses 149 10.7 Parvoviruses 149 10.8 Retroviruses 150 10.9 Hepadnaviruses 153 10.10 DNA bacteriophages 154 Key points 154 Questions 155 Further reading 155 Chapter 11 The process of infection: IIIB. Gene expression and its regulation in RNA viruses 156 11.1 The RNA viruses: Baltimore classes 3, 4 and 5 157 11.2 Reoviruses 158 11.3 Picornaviruses 163 11.4 Alphaviruses 164 11.5 Coronaviruses 166 11.6 Negative sense RNA viruses with segmented genomes 169 11.7 Orthomyxoviruses 169 11.8 Arenaviruses 173 11.9 Negative sense RNA viruses with non-segmented, single stranded genomes: rhabdoviruses and paramyxoviruses 174 Key points 177 Questions 178 Further reading 178 Chapter 12 The process of infection: IV. The assembly of viruses 179 12.1 Self-assembly from mature virion components 180 12.2 Assembly of viruses with a helical structure 180 12.3 Assembly of viruses with an isometric structure 184 12.4 Assembly of complex viruses 187 12.5 Sequence-dependent and -independent packaging of virus DNA in virus particles 189 12.6 The assembly of enveloped viruses 190 12.7 Segmented virus genomes: the acquisition of multiple nucleic acid molecules 194 12.8 Maturation of virus particles 195 Key points 196 Questions 197 Further reading 197 Part III Virus Interactions with the Whole Organism 199 Chapter 13 Innate and intrinsic immunity 201 13.1 Innate immune responses in vertebrates – discovery of interferon 202 13.2 Induction of type 1 interferon responses 203 13.3 Virus countermeasures to innate immunity 207 13.4 TRIM proteins and immunity 209 13.5 Intrinsic resistance to viruses in vertebrates 210 13.6 Innate and intrinsic immunity and the outcome of infection 212 13.7 RNAi is an important antiviral mechanism in invertebrates and plants 212 13.8 Detecting and signalling infection in invertebrates and plants 214 13.9 Virus resistance mechanisms in bacteria and archaea 215 Key points 216 Questions 217 References 217 Chapter 14 The adaptive immune response 218 14.1 General features of the adaptive immune system 219 14.2 Cell-mediated immunity 221 14.3 Antibody-mediated humoral immunity 226 14.4 Virus evasion of adaptive immunity 232 14.5 Age and adaptive immunity 233 14.6 Interaction between the innate and adaptive immune systems 233 Key points 234 Questions 236 Further reading 236 Chapter 15 Interactions between animal viruses and cells 237 15.1 Acutely cytopathogenic infections 238 15.2 Persistent infections 238 15.3 Latent infections 241 15.4 Transforming infections 243 15.5 Abortive infections 243 15.6 Null infections 244 15.7 How do animal viruses kill cells? 244 Key points 246 Questions 247 Further reading 247 Chapter 16 Animal virus–host interactions 248 16.1 Cause and effect: Koch’s postulates 248 16.2 A classification of virus–host interactions 249 16.3 Acute infections 252 16.4 Subclinical infections 253 16.5 Persistent and chronic infections 254 16.6 Latent infections 256 16.7 Slowly progressive diseases 257 16.8 Virus-induced tumours 258 Key points 259 Questions 260 Further reading 260 Chapter 17 Mechanisms in virus latency 261 17.1 The latent interaction of virus and host 261 17.2 Gene expression and the lytic and lysogenic life of bacteriophage λ 263 17.3 Herpes simplex virus latency 270 17.4 Epstein-Barr virus latency 274 17.5 Latency in other herpesviruses 275 17.6 HIV-1 latency 277 Key points 277 Questions 278 Further reading 278 Chapter 18 Transmission of viruses 279 18.1 Virus transmission cycles 279 18.2 Barriers to transmission 281 18.3 Routes of horizontal transmission in animals 282 18.4 Vertical transmission 285 18.5 Vector-borne viruses and zoonotic transmission 287 18.6 Epidemiology of virus infections 289 18.7 Sustaining infection in populations 290 Key points 291 Questions 291 Further reading 291 Part IV Viruses and Human Disease 293 Chapter 19 Human viral disease: an overview 295 19.1 A survey of human viral pathogens 295 19.2 Factors affecting the relative incidence of viral disease 297 19.3 Factors determining the nature and severity of viral disease 299 19.4 Common signs and symptoms of viral infection 301 19.5 Acute viral infection 1: gastrointestinal infections 302 19.6 Acute viral infection 2: respiratory infections 304 19.7 Acute viral infection 3: systemic spread 306 19.8 Acute viral disease: conclusions 306 Key points 307 Questions 308 Further reading 308 Chapter 20 Influenza virus infection 309 20.1 The origins of human influenza viruses 309 20.2 Influenza virus replication 315 20.3 Influenza virus infection and disease 316 20.4 Virus determinants of disease 321 20.5 Host factors in influenza virus disease 322 20.6 The immune response and influenza virus 323 20.7 Anti-influenza treatment 324 Key points 325 Questions 326 Further reading 326 Chapter 21 HIV and AIDS 327 21.1 Origins and spread of the HIV pandemic 327 21.2 Molecular biology of HIV 330 21.3 HIV transmission and tropism 338 21.4 Course of HIV infection: pathogenesis and disease 339 21.5 Immunological abnormalities during HIV infection 342 21.6 Prevention and control of HIV infection 343 Key points 345 Questions 346 Further reading 346 Chapter 22 Viral hepatitis 347 22.1 The signs and symptoms of hepatitis 347 22.2 Hepatitis A virus infections 349 22.3 Hepatitis E virus infections 350 22.4 Hepatitis B virus infections 352 22.5 Hepatitis D virus infections 355 22.6 Hepatitis C virus infections 356 Key points 359 Questions 361 Further reading 361 Chapter 23 Vector-borne infections 362 23.1 Arboviruses and their hosts 362 23.2 Yellow fever virus 363 23.3 Dengue virus 367 23.4 Chikungunya virus 369 23.5 West Nile virus in the USA 372 Key points 375 Questions 375 Further reading 375 Chapter 24 Exotic and emerging viral infections 376 24.1 Ebola and Marburg viruses: emerging filoviruses 377 24.2 Hendra and Nipah viruses: emerging paramyxoviruses 381 24.3 SARS and MERS: emerging coronaviruses 383 24.4 Predicting the future: clues from analysis of the genomes of previously unknown viruses 386 Key points 386 Questions 386 Further reading 387 Chapter 25 Carcinogenesis and tumour viruses 388 25.1 Immortalization, transformation and tumourigenesis 389 25.2 Oncogenic viruses 390 25.3 Polyomaviruses, papillomaviruses and adenoviruses: the small DNA tumour viruses as experimental models 394 25.4 Papillomaviruses and human cancer 398 25.5 Polyomaviruses and human cancer 399 25.6 Herpesvirus involvement in human cancers 400 25.7 Retroviruses as experimental model tumour viruses 402 25.8 Retroviruses and naturally-occurring tumours 404 25.9 Hepatitis viruses and liver cancer 405 25.10 Prospects for the control of virus-associated cancers 406 Key points 407 Questions 408 Further reading 408 Chapter 26 Vaccines and immunotherapy: the prevention of virus diseases 409 26.1 The principles of vaccination 411 26.2 Whole virus vaccines 412 26.3 Advantages, disadvantages and difficulties associated with whole virus vaccines 415 26.4 Subunit vaccines 420 26.5 Advantages, disadvantages and difficulties associated with subunit vaccines 421 26.6 Considerations for the generation and use of vaccines 422 26.7 Adverse reactions and clinical complications with vaccines 423 26.8 Eradication of virus diseases by vaccination 425 26.9 Immunotherapy for virus infections 428 26.10 Adverse reactions and clinical complications with immunotherapy 429 Key points 429 Questions 430 Further reading 430 Chapter 27 Antiviral therapy 431 27.1 Scope and limitations of antiviral therapy 431 27.2 Antiviral therapy for herpesvirus infections 432 27.3 Antiviral therapy for influenza virus infections 434 27.4 Antiviral therapy for HIV infections 435 27.5 Antiviral therapy for hepatitis virus infections 439 27.6 Therapy for other virus infections 440 Key Points 441 Questions 441 Further Reading 442 Chapter 28 Prion diseases 443 28.1 The spectrum of prion diseases 443 28.2 The prion hypothesis 444 28.3 The aetiology of prion diseases 447 28.4 Prion disease pathogenesis 448 28.5 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) 451 28.6 BSE and the emergence of variant CJD 453 28.7 Concerns about variant CJD in the future 454 28.8 Unresolved issues 455 Key points 456 Questions 456 Further reading 456 Part V Virology – The Wider Context 459 Chapter 29 The economic impact of viruses 461 29.1 The economics of virus infections of humans 462 29.2 The economics of virus infections of animals 464 29.3 The economics of virus infections of plants 466 29.4 The Netherlands tulip market crash 469 Key points 470 Further reading 470 Chapter 30 Recombinant viruses: making viruses work for us 472 30.1 Recombinant viruses as vaccines 473 30.2 Recombinant viruses for gene therapy 474 30.3 Retroviral vectors for gene therapy 476 30.4 Adenovirus vectors for gene therapy 478 30.5 Parvovirus vectors for gene therapy 480 30.6 Oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy 480 30.7 Recombinant viruses in the laboratory 482 Key points 482 Questions 482 Further reading 483 Chapter 31 Viruses: shaping the planet 484 31.1 Virus infections can give a host an evolutionary advantage 484 31.2 Endogenous retroviruses and host biology 485 31.3 Bacteriophage can be pathogenicity determinants for their hosts 488 31.4 Cyanophage impacts on carbon fixation and oceanic ecosystems 488 31.5 Virology and society: for good or ill 489 Key points 490 Questions 490 Further reading 490 Index 491

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Book SynopsisMedical Microbiology and Infection Lecture Notes is ideal for medical students, junior doctors, pharmacy students, junior pharmacists, nurses, and those training in the allied health professions. It presents a thorough introduction and overview of this core subject area, and has been fully revised and updated to include: Chapters written by leading experts reflecting current research and teaching practice New chapters covering Diagnosis of Infections and Epidemiology and Prevention& Management of Infections Integrated full-colour illustrations and clinical images A self-assessment section to test understanding Whether you need to develop your knowledge for clinical practice, or refresh that knowledge in the run up to examinations, Medical Microbiology and Infection Lecture Notes will help foster a systematic approach to the clinical situation for all medical studeTable of ContentsPreface v Contributors vii Basic microbiology 1 Basic bacteriology 3 Peter Lambert 2 Classification of bacteria 12 Peter Lambert 3 Staphylococci 16 Tom Elliott and Peter Lambert 4 Streptococci and enterococcci 20 Anna Casey 5 Clostridia 26 Tony Worthington 6 Other Gram-positive bacteria 30 Anna Casey 7 Gram-negative cocci 36 Jonathan Sandoe 8 Enterobacteriaceae 40 Peter Lambert 9 Haemophilus and other fastidious Gram-negative bacteria 45 Jonathan Sandoe 10 Pseudomonas, Legionella and other environmental Gram-negative bacilli 51 Peter Lambert 11 Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Vibrio 54 Martin Skirrow, Cliodna McNulty and Tom Elliott 12 Treponema, Borrelia and Leptospira 58 Susan O’Connell 13 Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria 62 Peter Lambert 14 Chlamydiaceae, Rickettsia, Coxiella, Mycoplasmataceae and Anaplasmataceae 64 Jonathan Sandoe 15 Basic virology 69 Peter Mackie 16 Major virus groups 75 Peter Mackie 17 Basic mycology and classification of fungi 93 Elizabeth Johnson 18 Parasitology: protozoa 101 Peter Chiodini 19 Parasitology: helminths 112 Peter Chiodini Antimicrobial agents 20 Antibacterial agents 127 Peter Lambert 21 Antifungalagents 144 ElizabethJohnson 22 Antiviral agents 147 Eleni Nastouli Infection 23 Diagnostic laboratory methods 157 Tony Worthington 24 Epidemiology and prevention of infection 167 Barry Cookson 25 Upper respiratory tract infections 177 Jonathan Sandoe 26 Lower respiratory tract infections 183 Shruti Khurana 27 Tuberculosis and mycobacteria 189 Sumeet Singhania 28 Gastrointestinal infections 193 Tariq Iqbal 29 Liver and biliary tract infections 202 David Mutimer 30 Urinary tract infections 207 Chris Catchpole 31 Genital infections 210 Kaveh Manavi 32 Infections of the central nervous system 220 Erwin Brown 33 Bacteraemia and bloodstream infections 229 Tom Elliott 34 Device-related infections 233 Tom Elliott 35 Cardiovascular infections 238 Richard Watkin 36 Bone and joint infections 241 Jonathan Sandoe 37 Skin and soft-tissue infections 246 Supriya Narasimhan and Rabih Darouiche 38 Infections in the compromised host 257 Tom Elliott 39 Infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria 260 David Livermore 40 Perinatal and congenital infections 264 James Gray 41 Human immunodeficiency virus 271 Kaveh Manavi 42 Miscellaneous viral infections 277 John Cheesbrough Self-assessment Self-assessment questions 285 Answers to self-assessment questions 300 General subject index 309 Organism index 317

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Book SynopsisEnsure readiness for the USMLE® or any other high-stakes exam covering microbiology and immunology! Thieme Test Prep for the USMLE®: Medical Microbiology and Immunology by Melphine Harriott, Michelle Swanson-Mungerson, Samia Ragheb, and Matthew Jackson covers major topics taught in immunology and microbiology courses during the first and second year of medical school. Readers will learn how to recall, analyze, integrate, and apply microbiology and immunology knowledge to solve clinical problems. Key Highlights 550 USMLE®-style multiple choice questions classified as easy, moderate, and difficult, including detailed explanations Microbiology questions organized by organ system that cover major infectious diseases Immunology questions organized by concept including chapters on inflammation, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency disorders, hypersensitivity reactions, and transplant rejection and anti-tumor responses This essential resource will help you assess your knowledge and fully prepare for the USMLE® Step 1 or COMLEX Level 1 exam. Be prepared for your board exam with the Thieme Test Prep for the USMLE® series! Das: Histology and Embryology Q&A Das and Baugh: Medical Neuroscience Q&A Fontes and McCarthy: Medical Biochemistry Q&A Hankin et al.: Clinical Anatomy Q&A Kemp and Brown: Pathology Q&A Waite and Sheakley: Medical Physiology Q&A Visit www.thieme.com/testprep to learn more about our online board review question bank.Table of ContentsSection I Immunology 1 General Immunology 2 Inflammation 3 Autoimmune Diseases 4 Immunodeficiency Disorders 5 Hypersensitivity Reactions 6 Transplant Rejection and Cancer Immunology Section II Microbiology 7 General Microbiology 8 Nervous System Infections 9 Head, Neck, and Respiratory Infections 10 Infections of the Esophagus, Stomach, Small and Large Bowel/Rectum, Liver and Biliary Tree 11 Renal and Urinary Tract Infections 12 Reproductive and Sexually Transmitted Infections 13 Congenital and Neonatal Infections 14 Skin, Soft Tissue, and Musculoskeletal Infections 15 Cardiovascular, Systemic, Lymph Nodes, and Multi-System Infections

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Book SynopsisHighly Commended by the BMA Medical Book Awards for Basic & Clinical Sciences! Microbiology in Your Pocket: Quick Pathogen Review by Melphine Harriott is a concise guide to common and rare bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that begins with pathogens that infect the nervous system and ends with pathogens infecting multiple organs. The presentation of material by organ system facilitates easy organization and provides versatility of use. Each card presents similar information with variations due to inherent pathogen differences. On the front is an introduction to each pathogen with clinical vignettes and images. The back provides the taxonomy or morphology, infections, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, treatment options, and an explanation. Key Features More than 230 graphics including full-color clinical images, pathogen photomicrographs, cell stains, biochemical tests, and diagrams Six color-coded pathogen types further facilitate quick acquisition of knowledge Online content via Winking Skull.com provides navigation by organ system or pathogen type Promotes long-term retention of complex material Animations further enhance learning This is an essential guide for medical students preparing for the USMLE®. It is also an ideal choice for graduate-level students in health science and dentistry looking for a user-friendly microbiology review.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Nervous System Chapter 2 Head and Neck Chapter 3 Respiratory System Chapter 4 Blood/Lymph/Systemic/Cardiovascular Systems Chapter 5 Gastrointestinal System Chapter 6 Liver/Biliary System Chapter 7 Renal/Urinary Systems Chapter 8 Reproductive System Chapter 9 Skin/Soft Tissue/Musculoskeletal Chapter 10 Multiple Organ Systems Appendix

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Book SynopsisHigh-yield microbiology cases help students apply knowledge and prepare for board exams Learning Microbiology and Infectious Diseases: Clinical Case Prep for the USMLE® by Tracey A. H. Taylor, Dwayne Baxa, and Matthew Sims presents diverse cases that encourage problem-based learning, which is key to building diagnostic skills. Each case portrays a real-life scenario, promoting a bridge from foundational knowledge to its application. A series of USMLE-style questions with thorough explanations provide an understanding of microbiology and infectious diseases, an ability to differentiate between infections and viruses, and identify bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Questions cover causative agents, disease transmission, mechanism of pathogenesis action, and pharmacotherapy. Key Features 50 case studies with images mirror situations seen in everyday practice An intermingling of bacteriology, virology, mycology, parasitology cases, and organ systems reflect real-world patient scenarios and encourage critical thinking Comprehensive cases encompass symptoms and duration, medical and family history, physical exam and lab findings, differential diagnosis, and treatment and prevention This essential, highly practical resource will help medical students build problem-solving skills, assess microbiology and infectious disease knowledge, and fully prepare for the boards.Table of ContentsCase 1 Adult with a Cough of a Long Duration Case 2 Child with a Sore Throat and Red Eyes Case 3 Adult in Respiratory Distress Case 4 Adolescent with Sore Throat and Malaise Case 5 Toddler with Upper Respiratory Symptoms Case 6 Elderly Male with Two Days of Fever, Chills, and Cough Case 7 Severely Ill Elderly Male in Respiratory Distress Case 8 Teenager with a Two-Week-Long Cough Case 9 Adult Male with Persistent Cough and Malaise Case 10 Infant with Severe Congestion Case 11 Adult Male with Fever, Myalgias, and Respiratory Distress Case 12 Adult Male with Fever, Chills, and Night Sweats Case 13 Child with Bloody Diarrhea Case 14 Child with Stomach Pain and Fever Case 15 Outbreak of Diarrheal Illness Case 16 Hospitalized Adult Female Who Develops Diarrhea Case 17 HIV-Positive Male with Diarrhea Case 18 Adult with Jaundice Case 19 Adult with Right Upper Quadrant Pain Case 20 Adult Female with Epigastric Pain after Eating Case 21 Elderly Female with Fever and Flank Pain Case 22 Adult Male with Rash Case 23 Young Female with Joint Pain Case 24 Teenager with Syncopy Case 25 Adult Male with Painful Penile Ulcers Case 26 Adult Male with Back Pain Case 27 Adult Female with Vaginal Discharge Case 28 Adult Male with a Red Eye Case 29 Adult Female with Lesion on Labia Case 30 Adult Male with Back Pain After Trauma Case 31 Teenage Girl with Expanding Skin Lesion Case 32 Adult Male with Foot Ulcer Case 33 Adult Male with Flu-Like Illness and Rash Case 34 Febrile Teenager with Disseminated Rash Case 35 Adult Male with Worsening Shortness of Breath Case 36 Adult Female with Facial Pain Case 37 Adult Female with Painful Rash Case 38 Adult Female with Headache and Confusion Case 39 Adult Male with Painful, Swollen Lymph Nodes Case 40 Toddler with High Fever and Upper Respiratory Symptoms Case 41 Adult Female with Febrile Illness Case 42 Agitated Male with Rapid Progression to Coma Case 43 Teenager with Headache and Fever Case 44 Elderly Female with Severe Headache and Nausea Case 45 Adult Female with Headache and Disorientation Case 46 Adult Male with Headache for Several Months Case 47 Febrile Teenager with Headache and Neck Stiffness Case 48 Travelers with Acute Febrile Illness Case 49 Newborn with Jaundice Case 50 Teenager with Pain in Groin

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Book SynopsisThousands of different microbial species colonize the human body, and are essential for our survival. This book presents a review of the current understanding of human microbiomes, the functions that they bring to the host, how we can model them, their role in health and disease and the methods used to explore them. Current research into areas such as the long-term effect of antibiotics makes this a subject of considerable interest. This title is essential reading for researchers and students of microbiology.Table of Contents1: The Stomach and Small and Large Intestinal Microbiomes 2: The Oral Microbiome 3: The Human Urogenital Microbiome 4: The Lung Microbiome 5: The Human Skin Microbiome 6: Function of the Human Gut Microbiota 7: Models of the Human Microbiota and Microbiome In Vitro 8: In Vivo and Animal Models of the Human Gut Microbiome 9: The Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease 10: Next-generation Sequencing Methods to Investigate the Human Microbiome 11: Metabonomics for Understanding Gut Microbiome and Host Metabolic Interplay

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Book SynopsisThe metabolomics and systems biology approach to research can be applied to many disciplines. This book provides a solid introduction to medical metabolomics and systems biology, and demonstrates how they have been applied to studies in medicine and human health, including nutrition and pathogenic microorganisms. Following core themes of diagnosis, pathology and aetiology of disease, this book provides a reference for health care professionals interested in how to use metabolomics for medical research.Table of Contentsa: Foreword 1: An Introduction to Metabolomics and Systems Biology 2: Metabolomics in Neuroscience and Neurology 3: Cardiovascular Disease and Health 4: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Metabolomics 5: In Search of New Biomarkers for Liver Diseases 6: Influences Shaping Digestive Health Explored Using Metabolomics 7: Applications of Metabolomics in the Study of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Their Effects on Human Health 8: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and The Metabolic Syndrome 9: Biomarkers of Skeletal Muscle Regulation, Metabolism and Dysfunction 10: Applications of Metabolomics in Cancer Research

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Book SynopsisBacterial pili play important roles as environmental sensors, in host colonization and in biofilm formation, enabling bacteria to interact with the environment, with surfaces and with other bacteria and host cells. Most bacteria, both Gram positive and Gram negative, and almost all bacterial pathogens, are piliated. This book discusses the synthesis, structure, evolution, function and role in pathogenesis of these complex structures, and their basis for vaccine development and therapeutics for Streptococcus pathogens. It is an invaluable resource for researchers and students of medical microbiology.Table of ContentsA: Table of Contents B: Foreword Sixty Years of Pilus research 1: The Vibrio cholerae toxin coregulated pilus: structure, assembly and function with implications for vaccine design 2: Conjugative pili 3: Pilus biogenesis by the chaperone-usher pathway 4: Type 1 and P Pili of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli 5: Type IV pili: functions and biogenesis 6: The Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pilus assembly system in three dimensions 7: Corynebacterium diphtheriae pili: Assembly, Structure, and Function 8: Three-dimensional structures of pilin subunits and their role in Gram-positive pilus assembly and stability 9: Sortase structure and specificity in Streptococci 10: Pili of Streptococcus pyogenes 11: The role of pili in the formation of biofilm and bacterial communities 12: Fimbrae/Pili from oral bacteria 13: Pilus based vaccine development in Streptococci: Variability, Diversity & Immunological responses

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Book SynopsisIn an age where antimicrobial resistance amongst pathogens grows more prevalent, particularly in the hospital setting, antimicrobial stewardship is an evidence-based, proven measure in the battle against resistance and infection. This single comprehensive, definitive reference work is written by an international team of acknowledged experts in the field. The authors explore the effective use of coordinated antimicrobial interventions to change prescribing practice and help slow the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, ensuring that antimicrobials remain an effective treatment for infection. Amongst the first of its kind, this book provides infectious disease physicians, administrators, laboratory, pharmacy, nursing and medical staff with practical guidance in setting up antimicrobial stewardship programs in their institutions with the aim of selecting the optimal antimicrobial drug regimen, dose, duration of therapy, and route of administration.Table of ContentsPart I: Overview of Antibiotic Stewardship Ch.1: Principles of Antimicrobial Stewardship Ch 2: Clinical Perspective of Antimicrobial Stewardship Ch 3: History of Antimicrobial Stewardship Ch 4: The Importance of Education in Antimicrobial Stewardship Part II: Antibiotic Resistance Principles in Antibiotic Stewardship Ch 5: Intrinsic and Acquired Mechanisms of Resistance Ch 6: Antimicrobial Resistance: Selection vs. Induction Ch 7: Colonization and its importance for emergence of clinical resistance Ch 8: Antibiotic Resistance: associations and implications for antibiotic usage strategies to control multi-resistant bacteria Part III: Microbiology Laboratory Role in Antibiotic Stewardship Ch 9: The role of active surveillance in the prevention of healthcare-acquired infections and antibiotic stewardship Ch 10: Role of Antibiogram in Antibiotic Stewardship Ch 11: Selective Reporting and Antimicrobial Stewardship Ch 12: Role of New Diagnostics to Enhance Antibiotic Stewardship Efforts Part IV: Infection Control Aspects of Antibiotic Stewardship Ch 13: Epidemiology of S aureus and enterococci in children and an overview of antimicrobial resistance Ch 14: Epidemiology of multi-drug resistant gram-negative organisms Ch 15: Pathogenesis and Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile Infection: Implications for Antibiotic Stewardship Ch 16: Role of the Hospital Epidemiologist in Supporting Antimicrobial Stewardship Part V: Pharmacokinetic (PK) & Pharmacodynamic (PD) Aspects of Antibiotic Dosing in Antibiotic Stewardship Ch 17: Principles of Pharmacokinetic / Pharmacodynamic Optimization for Antibiotic Dosing Ch 18: Optimal use of Gram-negative antibiotics in the real world: providing effective therapy while minimizing resistance Ch19: Optimal Use of Fluoroquinolones Ch 20: Optimal Use of Beta-lactam Antibiotics Ch 21: Current Approach to Optimal Use and Dosing of Vancomycin in Adult Patients Ch 22: Principles of IV to PO Switch Part VI: Pharmacy Department Role in Antibiotic Stewardship Ch 23: Role of Pharmacists in Antimicrobial Stewardship Ch 24: Formulary Management and Economic Considerations; Bridging the Gap between Quality Care and Cost Ch 25: Approaches in benchmarking Ch 26: Development and execution of stewardship interventions Ch 27: Technologic support for antimicrobial stewardship Part VII: Measuring Outcomes in Antibiotic Stewardship Programs Ch 28: Role of Guidelines and Statistical Milestones for Antimicrobial Stewardship Ch 29: Economic considerations of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs Ch 30: Pharmacoeconomic Implications of Antimicrobial Adverse Events Ch 31: Antimicrobial stewardship programs in areas of increased pathogen resistance Part VIII: Antimicrobial Stewardship and Various Practice Sites Ch 32: Role of Antimicrobial Stewardship in Pediatrics Ch 33: Antimicrobial Stewardship in the Intensive Care Unit Ch 34: Role of Antimicrobial Stewardship in a Community Hospital Ch 35: Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) Ch 36: The Importance of Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Antimicrobial Stewardship: Immersion of Future Healthcare Professionals Ch 37: Antimicrobial Stewardship and the Importance of Working with the Government and Pharmaceutical Industry Ch 38: Hospitalist Perspective on the Role of Antimicrobial Stewardship

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Book SynopsisBacterial pili play important roles as environmental sensors, in host colonization and in biofilm formation, enabling bacteria to interact with the environment, with surfaces and with other bacteria and host cells. Most bacteria, both Gram positive and Gram negative, and almost all bacterial pathogens, are piliated. This book discusses the synthesis, structure, evolution, function and role in pathogenesis of these complex structures, and their basis for vaccine development and therapeutics for Streptococcus pathogens. It is an invaluable resource for researchers and students of medical microbiology.Table of ContentsA: Table of Contents B: Foreword Sixty Years of Pilus research 1: The Vibrio cholerae toxin coregulated pilus: structure, assembly and function with implications for vaccine design 2: Conjugative pili 3: Pilus biogenesis by the chaperone-usher pathway 4: Type 1 and P Pili of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli 5: Type IV pili: functions and biogenesis 6: The Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pilus assembly system in three dimensions 7: Corynebacterium diphtheriae pili: Assembly, Structure, and Function 8: Three-dimensional structures of pilin subunits and their role in Gram-positive pilus assembly and stability 9: Sortase structure and specificity in Streptococci 10: Pili of Streptococcus pyogenes 11: The role of pili in the formation of biofilm and bacterial communities 12: Fimbrae/Pili from oral bacteria 13: Pilus based vaccine development in Streptococci: Variability, Diversity & Immunological responses

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Book SynopsisThousands of different microbial species colonize the human body, and are essential for our survival. This book presents a review of the current understanding of human microbiomes, the functions that they bring to the host, how we can model them, their role in health and disease and the methods used to explore them. Current research into areas such as the long-term effect of antibiotics makes this a subject of considerable interest. This title is essential reading for researchers and students of microbiology.Table of Contents1: The Stomach and Small and Large Intestinal Microbiomes 2: The Oral Microbiome 3: The Human Urogenital Microbiome 4: The Lung Microbiome 5: The Human Skin Microbiome 6: Function of the Human Gut Microbiota 7: Models of the Human Microbiota and Microbiome In Vitro 8: In Vivo and Animal Models of the Human Gut Microbiome 9: The Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease 10: Next-generation Sequencing Methods to Investigate the Human Microbiome 11: Metabonomics for Understanding Gut Microbiome and Host Metabolic Interplay

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Book SynopsisThe metabolomics and systems biology approach to research can be applied to many disciplines. This book provides a solid introduction to medical metabolomics and systems biology, and demonstrates how they have been applied to studies in medicine and human health, including nutrition and pathogenic microorganisms. Following core themes of diagnosis, pathology and aetiology of disease, this book provides a reference for health care professionals interested in how to use metabolomics for medical research.Table of Contentsa: Foreword 1: An Introduction to Metabolomics and Systems Biology 2: Metabolomics in Neuroscience and Neurology 3: Cardiovascular Disease and Health 4: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Metabolomics 5: In Search of New Biomarkers for Liver Diseases 6: Influences Shaping Digestive Health Explored Using Metabolomics 7: Applications of Metabolomics in the Study of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Their Effects on Human Health 8: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and The Metabolic Syndrome 9: Biomarkers of Skeletal Muscle Regulation, Metabolism and Dysfunction 10: Applications of Metabolomics in Cancer Research

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Book SynopsisTuberculosis is a global health threat and the unique features of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and emergence of drug-resistant strains highlight the challenge it presents. Covering a wealth of state-of-the-art knowledge from active international experts, this book captures the latest developments in the advent of bacteriological, immunological and molecular tools for diagnosis and the development of new drugs. It shows how the challenge of tuberculosis is currently being met, providing insight into the evidence base underlying new developments in diagnosis, drug development and treatment.Table of ContentsI: Introduction Part I: Diagnosis 1: Improving on Sputum Smear Microscopy for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Resource-poor Settings 2: Molecular Diagnosis of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis 3: Improving on the LJ slope – Automated Liquid Culture 4: Interferon-gamma Release Assays in the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection 5: Measuring Tuberculosis Immune Responses in the Lung – The Correct Target? 6: Sniffing Out Tuberculosis Part II: Measuring Resistance 7: Role of Phenotypic Methods for Drug Susceptibility Testing of M. tuberculosis Isolates in the Era of MDR and XDR Epidemics 8: Genotypic Measures of Antibiotic Susceptibility 9: Molecular Tools for Fast Identification of Resistance and Characterization of MDR/XDR-TB Part III: Understanding Treatment 10: Monitoring Therapy by Bacterial Load 11: Modelling Responses to Tuberculosis Treatment 12: Measuring Gene Expression by Quantitative PCR (qPCR) 13: Transcriptomic Approaches to Mapping Responses to Drug Therapy for Tuberculosis 14: Mycobacterial Lipid Bodies and Resuscitation-promoting Factor Dependency as Potential Biomarkers of Response to Chemotherapy Part IV: Treatment Strategies 15: Clinical Trials in Tuberculosis Chemotherapy: The Challenges 16: The Identification of 2-Aminothiazole-4-carboxylates (ATCs) as a New Class of Tuberculosis Agent: A Lesson in ‘HIT’ Identification 17: Rifamycins Revisited 18: Therapy of the XDR-TB Patient with Thioridazine – An Old Drug with New Applications 19: Vaccines for Tuberculosis

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Book SynopsisPandemic influenza is a re-emerging pathogen with serious public health consequences. The A(H1N1) pandemic in 2009/10 and the continuing threat to humans from avian influenza A(H5N1) and other novel influenza viruses have both underlined the importance of preparedness at local, national and international levels. With a strong emphasis on practicality, this book offers comprehensive coverage of the science and operational application of influenza epidemiology, virology and immunology, vaccinology, pharmaceutical and public health measures, biomathematical modelling, policy issues and ethics involved in preparing for and responding to pandemic influenza. Each chapter raises key questions and answers them in clear and concise sections, detailing relevant modelling studies and further reading. Comprehensively updated to incorporate major lessons from the 2009/10 pandemic, this second edition includes new contributions on surveillance, International Health Regulations, clinical management and local health service responses, illustrated with vibrant international case studies. Written in an easily accessible style by global experts, this is an essential text for students of public health and those involved in local, national and international pandemic preparedness and response.Table of Contentsa: Contributors b: Editor Biographies c: Foreword d: Acknowledgements e: Glossary 1: Epidemiology and clinical features of interpandemic influenza 2: Influenza surveillance and pandemic requirements 3: Basic influenza virology and immunology,br>Influenza in birds and mammals 4: History and epidemiological features of pandemic influenza 5: Epidemiology of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 6: Clinical features and treatment of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 7: Influenza transmission and infection control issues 8: Pandemic preparedness 9: Emergency preparedness and business continuity planning 10: The role of exercises in pandemic preparedness 11: Local health services responses to the 2009 pandemic 12: Bio-mathematical modelling and pandemic preparedness 13: Pharmaceutical Interventions 14: Pandemic vaccines 15: National and international public health measures 16: Port Health and International Health Regulations 17: Socio-economic impact 18: Ethical issues related to pandemic preparedness and response 19: Pandemic Communication Case Study 1: Mexico Case Study 2: Chile Case Study 3: New Zealand Case Study 4: The former Soviet Union Case Study 5: Africa Case Study 6: Denmark Case Study 7: South East Asia Case Study 8: North America Case Study 9: Saudi Arabia f: Index

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Book SynopsisPandemic influenza is a re-emerging pathogen with serious public health consequences. The A(H1N1) pandemic in 2009/10 and the continuing threat to humans from avian influenza A(H5N1) and other novel influenza viruses have both underlined the importance of preparedness at local, national and international levels. With a strong emphasis on practicality, this book offers comprehensive coverage of the science and operational application of influenza epidemiology, virology and immunology, vaccinology, pharmaceutical and public health measures, biomathematical modelling, policy issues and ethics involved in preparing for and responding to pandemic influenza. Each chapter raises key questions and answers them in clear and concise sections, detailing relevant modelling studies and further reading. Comprehensively updated to incorporate major lessons from the 2009/10 pandemic, this second edition includes new contributions on surveillance, International Health Regulations, clinical management and local health service responses, illustrated with vibrant international case studies. Written in an easily accessible style by global experts, this is an essential text for students of public health and those involved in local, national and international pandemic preparedness and response.Table of Contentsa: Contributors b: Editor Biographies c: Foreword d: Acknowledgements e: Glossary 1: Epidemiology and clinical features of interpandemic influenza 2: Influenza surveillance and pandemic requirements 3: Basic influenza virology and immunology,br>Influenza in birds and mammals 4: History and epidemiological features of pandemic influenza 5: Epidemiology of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 6: Clinical features and treatment of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 7: Influenza transmission and infection control issues 8: Pandemic preparedness 9: Emergency preparedness and business continuity planning 10: The role of exercises in pandemic preparedness 11: Local health services responses to the 2009 pandemic 12: Bio-mathematical modelling and pandemic preparedness 13: Pharmaceutical Interventions 14: Pandemic vaccines 15: National and international public health measures 16: Port Health and International Health Regulations 17: Socio-economic impact 18: Ethical issues related to pandemic preparedness and response 19: Pandemic Communication Case Study 1: Mexico Case Study 2: Chile Case Study 3: New Zealand Case Study 4: The former Soviet Union Case Study 5: Africa Case Study 6: Denmark Case Study 7: South East Asia Case Study 8: North America Case Study 9: Saudi Arabia f: Index

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Book SynopsisDrug resistance is increasing among a variety of human pathogenic microorganisms such as Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumaniii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp. (currently dubbed the 'ESKAPE' pathogens), and has emerged as one of the most important clinical challenges of this century. Increased general awareness and fear of these pathogens means there is a growing demand for research to tackle the threat of multidrug resistance. Documenting the latest research in the field, this book discusses current and promising activities to discover new antimicrobials in five key areas: molecular genetics and systems microbiology; synthetic, computational chemistry and chemoinformatics; High Throughput Screening (HTS); non-vertebrate model hosts; and light- and nano-based technologies.Table of Contents1: Emerging Antimicrobial Drug-discovery Strategies: an Evolving Necessity 2: The Antibiotic Crisis 3: Structure, Genetic Regulation, Physiology and Function of the AcrAB-TolC Efflux Pump of Escherichia coli and Salmonella 4: Small-molecule Efflux Pump Inhibitors from Natural Products as a Potential Source of Antimicrobial Agents 5: Fungal Efflux-mediated Resistance: from Targets to Inhibitors 6: Vacuolar ATPase: a Model Proton Pump for Antifungal Drug Discovery 7: Drug Tolerance, Persister Cells and Drug Discovery 8: Inhibition of Quorum Sensing as a Novel Antimicrobial Strategy 9: Filamentous Temperature-sensitive Mutant Z (FtsZ) Protein as an Antibacterial Target 10: Lysostaphin: a Silver Bullet for Staph 11: Strategies to Identify Modified Ribosomally Synthesized Antimicrobials 12: Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship-based Discovery of Antimicrobial Peptides Active Against Multidrug-resistant Bacteria 13: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase as a Target for Antibacterial Development 14: Underexploited Targets in Lipopolysaccharide Biogenesis for the Design of Antibacterials 15: Predicting and Dissecting High-order Molecular Complexity by Information-driven Biomolecular Docking 16: Antifungals and Antifungal Drug Discovery 17: Pathosystematic Studies and the Rational Design of Antifungal Interventions 18: In Vivo High-throughput Antimicrobial Discovery Screens Utilizing Caenorhabditis elegans as an Alternative Host 19: Drosophila melanogaster as a Versatile Model for the Discovery of Drugs Effective against Human Microbe-induced Infection and Pathology 20: Antimicrobial Photosensitizers: Harnessing the Power of Light to Treat Infections 21: Nanoparticle Platforms for Antimicrobial Therapy 22: Antimicrobial Activity of Carbon Nanotubes

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Book SynopsisBacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. As such, they have many potential uses for promoting health and combating disease. This book covers the many facets of phage-bacterial-human interaction in three sections: the role and impact of phages on natural bacterial communities, the potential to develop phage-based therapeutics and other aspects in which phages can be used to combat disease, including bacterial detection, bacterial epidemiology, the tracing of fecal contamination of water and decontamination of foods.Table of Contents1: Phages Section I: Phages, Bacterial Disease, and Normal Flora 2: Bacteriophages as Part of the Human Microbiome 3: Diseases Caused by Phages 4: Prophage-Induced Changes in Cellular Cytochemistry and Virulence 5: The Lion and the Mouse: How Bacteriophages Create, Liberate, and Decimate Bacterial Pathogens 6: Phages and Bacterial Epidemiology Section II: Phage-Based Biomedical Technology 7: Phages as Therapeutic Delivery Vehicles 8: Clinical Applications of Phage Display 9: Phages and Their Hosts: A Web of Interactions - Applications to Drug Design 10: Bacteriophage-Based Methods of Bacterial Detection and Identification 11: Phage Detection as Indication of Fecal Contamination Section III: Phage-Based Antibacterial Strategies 12: Phage Translocation, Safety, and Immunomodulation 13: Phage Therapy of Wounds and Related Purulent Infections 14: Phage Therapy of Non-Wound Infections 15: Phage-Based Enzybiotics 16: Role of Phages in Control of Bacterial Pathogens in Food 17: Phage Therapy Best Practices

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the science, management and practice of the control of infection. The early part of the book is concerned with the science of infection control, providing the underpinning knowledge base as well as information regarding the laboratory services which will be of practical help to the reader. The book then discusses the role of the Infection Control Team, outbreak control and policy issues that are required in order to maintain a safe environment. The second half of the book concentrates on the practical application of the previously described principles to the reduction of infection risks and management of known infections in a range of clinical and social situations. The book reflects the current dynamics in health care provision and will equip the reader with the knowledge base to develop their skills in the control of infection in a variety of healthcare settings.Table of ContentsIntroduction to the immune system. Introduction to microbiology and virology. Role of the infection control team. Managing outbreaks of infection. Design of new and refurbished buildings. Waste management. Laundry issues. Food hygiene. Decontamination. Standard setting and audi. Immuno-suppressed patients. Mother and child infections. Sexually transmitted infections. Gastro-intestinal infections. Blood-borne infections. Catheterisation and urinary tract infection. Cannula associated infection. Wound infection. Respiratory infection. Management of known infection.

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Book SynopsisOver the past decade, the tumor microenvironment has become one of the most important research areas in cancer biology, as cells within the tumor microenvironment, despite being outnumbered by healthy cells, are able to evade surveillance and immune-mediated destruction. While researchers have learned a great deal about the cellular and structural makeup of the tumor microenvironment, there has been a growing understanding of the metabolic interplay between the tumor micronenvironment’s various cellular constituents and how each of them contributes to overall tumor growth and metastases. This new volume will guide researchers, students, oncologists and academics through a rapidly developing and changing field with a thorough understanding of tumor microenvironment biology from a cellular, structural, metabolic, and immunological perspective.Table of Contents1. Inflammatory components of the thyroid cancer microenvironment - an avenue for identification of novel biomarkers2. Disruption of Cell-Cell Communication in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer as an Immunotherapeutic Opportunity3. Exosomes in the Healthy and Malignant Bone Marrow Microenvironment4. Structural Biology of the Tumor Microenvironment5. Metabolic interactions between tumor and stromal cells in the Tumor Microenvironment6. Interacting Genetic Lesions of Melanoma in the Tumor Microenvironment: Defining a Viable Therapy7. Non-coding RNAs in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Interaction with cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) and regulators of differentiation and Lymph Node Metastasis

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Book SynopsisClinical and preclinical exploration of gene and cellular immunotherapy have seen rapid growth and interest with the development and approval of five Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) products for lymphoma and myeloma and one Bispecific T-Cell Engager (BiTE) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). These advances have dramatically improved the management of patients with relapsed refractory lymphoma, myeloma and leukemia. Gene and Cellular Immunotherapy for Cancer offers readers a comprehensive review of current cellular and gene-based immunotherapies. Divided into eighteen cohesive chapters, this book provides an in-depth and detailed look into cellular-based immunotherapies including CAR-T, TCR-T, TIL, Viral CTLs, NK cells in addition to T/NK cell engagers, focusing on their historical perspectives, biology, development and manufacturing, toxicities and more. Edited by two leading experts on gene and cellular immunotherapy, the book will feature chapters written by a diverse collection of recognized and up-and-coming experts and researchers in the field, providing oncologists, immunologists, researchers and clinical and basic science trainees with a bench to bedside view of the latest developments in the field.Table of ContentsPart I: Overview1. The History of Cellular Therapies 2. Basics of Immunity Part II: CAR-T3. Biology of CAR-T 4. Cell Types Used for CAR-T Generation5. Combination Therapeutics with CAR-T Cell Therapy 6. Safety Switches Used for Cellular Therapies7. Off the Shelf CAR-T8. Manufacturing of CAR-T Cells: the Assembly Line9. Navigating Regulations in Gene and Cell Immunotherapy10. Bringing CAR-T to the Clinic11. CAR-T Cell Complications 12. Mechanisms of Resistance and Relapse after CAR-T Cell Therapy Part III: TIL13. Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL): From Bench to Bedside Part IV: TCR14. T-cell Receptor (TCR) Engineered Cells and Their Transition to Clinic Part V: Viral CTLs15. Viral Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs): from Bench to BedsidePart VI: NK Cell16. Biology of NK Cells and NK Cells in Clinic Part VII: T/NK cell engagers17. Biology and Clinical Evaluation of T/NK Cell Engagers Part VIII: Logistics 18. Roadmap for Starting an Outpatient Cellular Therapy Program

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Book SynopsisThis book entitled “Cancer Stem Cell Markers and Related Network Path-ways” is about cancer stem cell (CSC) markers and the molecular network pathways. CSCs play an important role in the cancer drug resistance, metastasis and recurrence. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely related to CSC phenotype.This book covers various aspects of the molecular networks related to CSCs including the important phenotypic change such as EMT. Readers will discover the importance of the identification of CSC markers and EMT-related molecules in CSC network pathways.The CSC signaling pathways and EMT molecular network pathways attract researchers in the field to define the cancer therapeutic targets. Cancer environment is important in the acquisition of CSC phenotype in cells. The revealing of this CSC mystery is across 7 chapters. The topic of this book is particularly relevant to research in the field of cancer and stem cells, as well as the network pathways. We hope that this book helps the readers to be interested in understanding why the CSC concept is important and attractive.Table of Contents​1. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cellsby Shihori Tanabe2. The transcription factors Zeb1 and Snail induce cell malignancy and can-cer stem cell phenotype in prostate cells, increasing androgen synthesis ca-pacity and therapy resistanceby Fernanda López-Moncada, Enrique A Castellón, Héctor R Contreras3. ERBB signaling pathway in cancer stem cellsby Ghmkin Hassan and Masaharu Seno4. Functional and molecular characters of cancer stem cells through devel-opment to establishmentby Said M Afify, Ghmkin Hassan, Hiroko Ishii, Sadia Monzur, Hend M Nawara, Amira Osman, Hagar A Abu Quora, Mona Sheta, Maram H Zah-ra, Akimasa Seno, Masaharu Seno5. Microenvironment in cancer stem cellsby Shihori Tanabe6. Cancer stem cells contribute to drug resistance in multiple different waysby Maram H Zahra, Hend M Nawara, Ghmkin Hassan, Said M Afify, Akimasa Seno, Masaharu Seno7. Abnormal glycosylation in cancer cells and cancer stem cells as a thera-peutic targetby Sabina Quader, Shihori Tanabe, Horacio Cabral

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Book SynopsisThis interdisciplinary work deals with the bacterial degradation of organic and inorganic materials such as prosthetic devices and the consequent production of non-engineered nanoparticles (NPs). Focus is put on the interaction of these, often toxic, NPs with the environment, the microorganisms and the host human body. Electron Microscopy is the method of choice to investigate bacterial colonization and degradation of plastic polymers. Hence one section of the book is fully dedicated to the most recent and interesting microscopy technologies in microbiology and soft matters. The final chapter of the book on the complex and multivariate relationships between a microscopist and electron microscopy images is dedicated to Lyubov Vasilievna Didenko (1958 – 2015), a passionate researcher who contributed substantially to the field of Electron Microscopy research and its applications in studying bacterial-polymer interactions. The book addresses researchers and advanced students working in general and clinical microbiology, nanobiology, materials sciences and image analysis fields. Table of ContentsChap 1. Staphylococcus aureus.- Chap 2. Electron Microscopy.- Chap 3. Nanoworld.- Chap 4. Staphylococcus aureus scouts the nanoworld. A neverending story.- Chap 5. Nanoparticles and toxicity.- Chap 6. Images, knowledge and doubt. Chap 7. Post Scriptum.

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Book SynopsisThis volume provides a comprehensive review of programmed cell death pathways and their fundamental role in antiviral host defense. The book deep-dives into the molecular functions and regulation of necroptosis and discusses how viruses induce and manipulate this potent innate cellular sensing system. Initially, understanding of necroptosis emerged from studies on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling that showed the key role of receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) in the activation of receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) which then phosphorylates mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL) to execute cells via plasma membrane leakage of cytosolic contents. Since its discovery, multiple facets of the RIPK3-dependent necroptotic machinery have evolved where the requirements for execution of death varies depending on the stimulus. Virus-induced necroptosis was discovered over 10 years ago in studies on murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) where a virus-encoded inhibitor was shown to prevent the recruitment of RIPK3 (RIP3). This transformative evidence identified a novel pathway acting independent of TNF, interferon or RIPK1 that can stop virus from infecting its natural mouse host by killing off infected cells to halt replication. Over the past decade influenza A virus (IAV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and poxvirus vaccinia (VACV) have all been shown to trigger the pathway. Herpesviruses and poxviruses also encode inhibitors of caspase-8 whose elaboration unleashes the necroptosis pathway. IAV and other RNA viruses do not encode programmed cell death inhibitors. RIPK3 is also known to induce apoptosis by recruiting RIPK1 as shown nearly a decade ago and this dual apoptosis/necroptosis induction occurs naturally during influenza A virus infection. RIPK3 is also able to induce an inflammatory response independently of programmed cell death that can predominate to drive inflammatory disease outcomes. This volume is a must-read for researchers and advanced students in immunology and virology.Table of ContentsProgrammed Necrosis in Host Defense.- ZBP1/DAI-dependent Cell Death Pathways in Influenza A Virus Immunity and Pathogenesis.- Pyroptosis in Antiviral Immunity.- Manipulation of Host Cell Death Pathways by Herpes Simplex Virus.- Subversion of Programed Cell Death by Poxviruses.- Cell Killing by Reovirus: Mechanisms and Consequences.- Outcomes of RIP kinase signaling during neuroinvasive viral infection.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1: Modulating the gut microbiome with foods and food supplements.- Chapter 2: Effect of food processing on gut microbiota composition and functionality.- Chapter 3: Recycling plant-based foods for microbiome-targeted personalized nutrition.- Chapter 4: European nutritional guidelines for the management of childhood obesity: the role of personalized nutrition.- Chapter 5: Nutrition, Microbiome and Allergy.- Chapter 6: Metabolic modelling of the human gut microbiota for personalized nutrition.- Chapter 7: From microbiota to diet: transferring information on the personal microbiota to the individual's diet.- Chapter 8: The role of food information initiatives in bringing microbiome awareness into the diet.

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