Medical imaging: radiology Books

Book SynopsisArtificial Intelligence has revolutionised areas of medicine. This book focuses on the integral role of AI in radiology, shedding light on how this technology can enhance patient care and streamline professional workflows.Trade Review“The book is not just about the present state of affairs. It offers a vision, exploring the future trajectories of AI in radiology, addressing challenges, controversies, and the endless possibilities on the horizon.Having witnessed Oge’s dedication and forward-thinking approach firsthand, I am confident that this book will serve as an invaluable resource. For those stepping into the realm of AI in radiology or seeking to deepen their knowledge, this book provides a holistic, scientifically rigorous, and practical guide…I wholeheartedly believe that it will stand as a cornerstone for all enthusiasts eager to delve into the world of AI in Radiology.”--Felipe Kitamura, MD, PhDDirector of Applied Innovation and AI at DasaAffiliated Professor of Radiology at Universidade Federal de São PauloTable of Contents1 Artificial Intelligence and Medicine: The Big Picture2 AI in Radiology: From Fear to Leadership3 Fundamentals of Machine Learning and Deep Learning4 Fundamentals of Medical Image Analysis5 Data: The Essential Ingredient in AI Solutions6 Clinical Applications of AI in Radiology7 Harnessing AI in Radiology Education and Training8 Getting Started with Deep Learning in Medical Imaging9 The Future of AI in Radiology10 Resources for Further Learning

Read more less

Book SynopsisArtificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized many areas of medicine and is increasingly being embraced. This book focuses on the integral role of AI in radiology, shedding light on how this technology can enhance patient care and streamline professional workflows.This book reviews, explains, and contextualizes some of the most current, practical, and relevant developments in artificial intelligence and deep learning in radiology and medical image analysis. AI for Radiology presents a balanced viewpoint of the impact of AI in these fields, underscoring that AI technologies are not intended to replace radiologists but rather to augment their capabilities, freeing professionals to focus on more complex cases. This book guides readers from the basic principles of AI to their practical applications in radiology, moving from the role of data in AI to the ethical and regulatory considerations of using AI in radiology and concluding with a selection of resources for furtherTrade Review“The book is not just about the present state of affairs. It offers a vision, exploring the future trajectories of AI in radiology, addressing challenges, controversies, and the endless possibilities on the horizon.Having witnessed Oge’s dedication and forward-thinking approach firsthand, I am confident that this book will serve as an invaluable resource. For those stepping into the realm of AI in radiology or seeking to deepen their knowledge, this book provides a holistic, scientifically rigorous, and practical guide…I wholeheartedly believe that it will stand as a cornerstone for all enthusiasts eager to delve into the world of AI in Radiology.”--Felipe Kitamura, MD, PhDDirector of Applied Innovation and AI at DasaAffiliated Professor of Radiology at Universidade Federal de São PauloTable of Contents1 Artificial Intelligence and Medicine: The Big Picture2 AI in Radiology: From Fear to Leadership3 Fundamentals of Machine Learning and Deep Learning4 Fundamentals of Medical Image Analysis5 Data: The Essential Ingredient in AI Solutions6 Clinical Applications of AI in Radiology7 Harnessing AI in Radiology Education and Training8 Getting Started with Deep Learning in Medical Imaging9 The Future of AI in Radiology10 Resources for Further Learning

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis is a concise, yet comprehensive book that teaches all essential aspects of the practice of Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS) bronchoscopy. Written by world experts, who share their clinical experience to provide a practical and step-by-step approach to learning and performing linear and radial EBUS bronchoscopy. Supplemented by more than 250+ high-quality illustrations, images and videos selected from the authorsâ personal collections, all chapters include expert tips, clinical pearls, rare cases and interactive self-assessment sections to enhance and reinforce the learning of both beginner and advanced bronchoscopists wishing to learn, practice and teach EBUS. Key Features: 1. Features rare and interesting EBUS cases followed by Multiple Choice Questions in each chapter 2. Explores the subject through a wealth of accompanying illustrations and teaching videos for a fun learning experience for bronchoscopists, fellows and trainees in respiratory medicine, oncologists and thoracic surgeons who perform EBUS 3. Fills a spot in the market for a quick reference which has updated, practical information from international experts in the field of EBUS with a strong visual component which is especially key for this diagnostic modality.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive introduction to current state-of-the-art auto-segmentation approaches used in radiation oncology for auto-delineation of organs-of-risk for thoracic radiation treatment planning. Containing the latest, cutting edge technologies and treatments, it explores deep-learning methods, multi-atlas-based methods, and model-based methods that are currently being developed for clinical radiation oncology applications. Each chapter focuses on a specific aspect of algorithm choices and discusses the impact of the different algorithm modules to the algorithm performance as well as the implementation issues for clinical use (including data curation challenges and auto-contour evaluations). This book is an ideal guide for radiation oncology centers looking to learn more about potential auto-segmentation tools for their clinic in addition to medical physicists commissioning auto-segmentation for clinical use. Features: Up-to-date Trade Review"This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of multi-atlas and deep learning approaches to auto-contouring. Furthermore, key questions on clinical implementation are considered. The first introductory chapter describes the main focus of this book being the Thoracic Auto-segmentation Challenge held as an event of the 2017 Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM). Several challenge participants contributed a chapter to this book, addressing a specific strength of their segmentation algorithms. The lack of broad clinical introduction of auto-segmentation, which according to the editors is partly due to the lack of commissioning guidelines, made them dedicate the third part of the book to clinical implementation concerns. The book is written for everyone working in the field of auto-segmentation in radiotherapy. The experienced editors are from academia, clinical physics, and industry; their broad experience gives excellent perspective to this book…This book was useful toward improving my understanding of deep learning-based methods in medical image segmentation. To the best of my knowledge, this is the only textbook available on auto-segmentation dedicated to radiation oncology. Practical concerns and recommendations for implementation make this textbook a must-have for every radiation oncology department." — Charlotte Brouwer, M.Sc. in Medical Physics (December, 2021) Table of ContentsContents Foreword I..........................................................................................................................................ix Foreword II........................................................................................................................................xi Editors............................................................................................................................................. xiii Contributors......................................................................................................................................xv Chapter 1 Introduction to Auto-Segmentation in Radiation Oncology.........................................1 Jinzhong Yang, Gregory C. Sharp, and Mark J. Gooding Part I Multi-Atlas for Auto-Segmentation Chapter 2 Introduction to Multi-Atlas Auto-Segmentation......................................................... 13 Gregory C. Sharp Chapter 3 Evaluation of Atlas Selection: How Close Are We to Optimal Selection?................. 19 Mark J. Gooding Chapter 4 Deformable Registration Choices for Multi-Atlas Segmentation............................... 39 Keyur Shah, James Shackleford, Nagarajan Kandasamy, and Gregory C. Sharp Chapter 5 Evaluation of a Multi-Atlas Segmentation System......................................................49 Raymond Fang, Laurence Court, and Jinzhong Yang Part II Deep Learning for Auto-Segmentation Chapter 6 Introduction to Deep Learning-Based Auto-Contouring for Radiotherapy................ 71 Mark J. Gooding Chapter 7 Deep Learning Architecture Design for Multi-Organ Segmentation......................... 81 Yang Lei, Yabo Fu, Tonghe Wang, Richard L.J. Qiu, Walter J. Curran, Tian Liu, and Xiaofeng Yang Chapter 8 Comparison of 2D and 3D U-Nets for Organ Segmentation.................................... 113 Dongdong Gu and Zhong Xue Chapter 9 Organ-Specific Segmentation Versus Multi-Class Segmentation Using U-Net....... 125 Xue Feng and Quan Chen Chapter 10 Effect of Loss Functions in Deep Learning-Based Segmentation............................ 133 Evan Porter, David Solis, Payton Bruckmeier, Zaid A. Siddiqui, Leonid Zamdborg, and Thomas Guerrero Chapter 11 Data Augmentation for Training Deep Neural Networks ........................................ 151 Zhao Peng, Jieping Zhou, Xi Fang, Pingkun Yan, Hongming Shan, Ge Wang, X. George Xu, and Xi Pei Chapter 12 Identifying Possible Scenarios Where a Deep Learning Auto-Segmentation Model Could Fail...................................................................................................... 165 Carlos E. Cardenas Part III Clinical Implementation Concerns Chapter 13 Clinical Commissioning Guidelines......................................................................... 189 Harini Veeraraghavan Chapter 14 Data Curation Challenges for Artificial Intelligence................................................ 201 Ken Chang, Mishka Gidwani, Jay B. Patel, Matthew D. Li, and Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer Chapter 15 On the Evaluation of Auto-Contouring in Radiotherapy.......................................... 217 Mark J. Gooding Index............................................................................................................................................... 253

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis easy-to-understand pocketbook in the highly respected Clark's stable of diagnostic imaging texts is an invaluable tool for students, sonographers and other ultrasound practitioners, providing practical guidance on clinical ultrasound procedures, summarising current relevant literature and professional body guidelines. The content is arranged by anatomical system and organ for ease of reference, with each section comprising a short introduction, the indications for the procedure, patient preparation, the imaging procedure itself, along with an image analysis, supported throughout by positioning photographs and clinical images. Clark's Essential Guide to Clinical Ultrasound is ideal for all users of clinical ultrasound at both undergraduate and postgraduate level and will also provide a convenient distillation of the latest best practice and guidelines for sonographers, midwives, vascular technologists, ECG technologists, medical doctors, sportsTrade Review'The pocket-sized book succinctly covers just about everything in ultrasound you could wish to know and would be especially helpful in the early stages of anyone’s sonographic career. Its 15 chapters cover an array of topics including not only scanning but physics (obviously), total quality management, the importance and art of effective and kindly patient communication, examining the organs and organ systems and concluding with the place of artificial intelligence in ultrasound.'- Catherine Parrin, Specialist Sonographer, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS TrustTable of ContentsChapter 1. Principles of sonographyChapter 2. The upper abdominal organsChapter 3. The renal tractChapter 4. The male reproductive systemChapter 5. The GI tractChapter 6. The endocrine system – thyroid and adrenal glandsChapter 7. The female reproductive systemChapter 8. Obstetric ultrasoundChapter 9. Breast ultrasoundChapter 10. The cardiovascular systemChapter 11. The respiratory system – lungs Chapter 12. The central nervous system – eye and brainChapter 13. Musculoskeletal ultrasoundChapter 14. Emergency and interventional ultrasoundChapter 15. Additional technologiesIndex

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis easy-to-understand pocketbook in the highly respected Clark's stable of diagnostic imaging texts is an invaluable tool for students, sonographers and other ultrasound practitioners, providing practical guidance on clinical ultrasound procedures, summarising current relevant literature and professional body guidelines. The content is arranged by anatomical system and organ for ease of reference, with each section comprising a short introduction, the indications for the procedure, patient preparation, the imaging procedure itself, along with an image analysis, supported throughout by positioning photographs and clinical images. Clark's Essential Guide to Clinical Ultrasound is ideal for all users of clinical ultrasound at both undergraduate and postgraduate level and will also provide a convenient distillation of the latest best practice and guidelines for sonographers, midwives, vascular technologists, ECG technologists, medical doctors, sportsTrade Review'The pocket-sized book succinctly covers just about everything in ultrasound you could wish to know and would be especially helpful in the early stages of anyone’s sonographic career. Its 15 chapters cover an array of topics including not only scanning but physics (obviously), total quality management, the importance and art of effective and kindly patient communication, examining the organs and organ systems and concluding with the place of artificial intelligence in ultrasound.'- Catherine Parrin, Specialist Sonographer, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS TrustTable of ContentsChapter 1. Principles of sonographyChapter 2. The upper abdominal organsChapter 3. The renal tractChapter 4. The male reproductive systemChapter 5. The GI tractChapter 6. The endocrine system – thyroid and adrenal glandsChapter 7. The female reproductive systemChapter 8. Obstetric ultrasoundChapter 9. Breast ultrasoundChapter 10. The cardiovascular systemChapter 11. The respiratory system – lungs Chapter 12. The central nervous system – eye and brainChapter 13. Musculoskeletal ultrasoundChapter 14. Emergency and interventional ultrasoundChapter 15. Additional technologiesIndex

Read more less

Book SynopsisAlthough many radiation protection scientists and engineers use dose coefficients, few know the origin of those dose coefficients. This is the first book in over 40 years to address the topic of radiation protection dosimetry in intimate detail. Advanced Radiation Protection Dosimetry covers all methods used in radiation protection dosimetry, including advanced external and internal radiation dosimetry concepts and regulatory applications. This book is an ideal reference for both scientists and practitioners in radiation protection and students in graduate health physics and medical physics courses.Features: A much-needed book filling a gap in the market in a rapidly expanding area Contains the history, evolution, and the most up-to-date computational dosimetry models Authored and edited by internationally recognized authorities and subject area specTrade Review“Although many radiation protection scientists and engineers use dose coefficients, few know the origin of those dose coefficients. This is the first book in over 40 years to address the topic of radiation protection dosimetry in intimate detail. This is a significant volume providing an overview of the field of radiation protection dosimetry, elaborating on the foundational concepts, historical evolution of regulation and guidance, scientific models, and measurements of exposure and uptake, and addressing application of these models in evaluating radiation exposure/uptake risk. It is part of the International Organization for Medical Physics book series in medical physics and biomedical engineering. The book provides a comprehensive summary of the current state-of-the art computational dosimetry techniques for radiation protection, with a clear, overarching goal of capturing the high-level knowledge used to generate fundamental radiation protection dosimetry quantities. The book addresses these concepts and regulatory applications considering both external and internal pathways. The methods presented are largely based on computational approaches and results from the latest International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the International Commission on Radiation Units (ICRU). As such, the book is appropriate for both a national and international audience including medical physicists, health physicists, radiation protection specialists, nuclear medicine practitioners, epidemiologists, and regulators. Other groups that would benefit from the information include students, academic physicists/dosimetrists, and laboratory researchers. The book contains the most up-to-date computational dosimetry models with each topic covered by internationally recognized experts in that field of study. After reviewing fundamental concepts and an engaging historical review of radiation protection guidance in the United States (with parallel coverage of the international recommendations), the book takes deep dives into several key topics: radiation detection and measurement, reference individuals (and associated phantoms) defined for external and internal radiation dosimetry, as well as biokinetic and dosimetric models. Additional key chapters include a comprehensive treatment of dose coefficients (and computational dosimetry approaches), cancer risk coefficients (considering both philosophy and application), and the interpretation of bioassay results to assess the intake of radionuclides. This book elucidates important topics in a much more practical manner than highly technical publications. In addition, having the detailed information in a single, combined, high-quality volume with primary references provided is a plus. The included sample calculations and detailed case studies are exceptionally useful inclusions. This is an important book that ensures key knowledge transfer from outgoing subject matter experts in radiation protection to incoming generations.” —Lawrence Dauer, Ph.D. (Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center) in Doody’s Core Titles Review 2022. Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction. Chapter 2: Fundamental Concepts and Quantities. Chapter 3: Evolution of Radiation Protection Guidance in the United States. Chapter 4: Radiation Detection and Measurement. Chapter 5: Reference Individuals Defined for External and Internal Radiation Dosimetry. Chapter 6: Biokinetic Models. Chapter 7: Dosimetric Models. Chapter 8: Dose Coefficients. Chapter 9: Cancer Risk Coefficients. Chapter 10: Interpretation of Bioassay Results to Assess the Intake of Radionuclides.

Read more less

Book SynopsisVitola and Delbeke assembled a group of standout contributors in order to create a resource that advances the knowledge and skills of experienced nuclear cardiologists and radiologists while also preparing residents for the cutting-edge field of nuclear cardiology.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "The book provides an excellent introduction to the topic of nuclear cardiology to trainees in the sub-speciality and an update for specialists in the field. [...] the book deserves a place on the bookshelf of any nuclear medicine or nuclear cardiology department." RAD Magazine, January, 2006 "The editors of this book … have gathered 49 experts from all around the world to contribute their knowledge and experience in the creation of … nuclear cardiology teaching files. … The chapters are excellently structured. … The first part offers a concise overview on the specific topic, and this is followed by several case presentations. The case presentations are very comprehensive … . this is supported by high-quality figures. … It is highly recommended for everyone who is interested in nuclear cardiology … ." (A. Ugrinska and E. K. J. Pauwels, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Vol. 32 (12), 2005) "In this book, Drs. Vitola (Brazil) and Delbeke (USA) have gathered a large panel of experts who collaborated in reviewing the essential features of nuclear cardiology. … this medium sized book achieves the goal of combining both informative introductory text and multiple case presentations. … Moreover, these cases presentations are widely completed by high quality illustrations. … This is a well-structured educational book that could be highly recommended to all cardiologists and nuclear medicine physicians interested in the field of nuclear cardiology." (A. Manrique, Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, Vol. 27 (6), 2005)Table of ContentsContents Foreword, by Joseph S. Alpert Foreword, by E. Gordon DePuey III Contributors Chapter 1: Diagnostic Tools to Approach the Cardiac Patient Joao V. Vitola and Dominique Delbeke Case Presentations 1.1. Imaging of Atherosclerosis by FDG PET-CT Chapter 2: Physic Principles and Instrumentation in Nuclear Cardiology James A. Patton Case Presentations 2.1. Dose Infiltration at Site of Injection 2.2. Artifact Caused by Metal Object 2.3. Truncation Artifact 2.4. Motion Artifact 2.5. Diaphragmatic Attenuation Artifact 2.6. Breast Attenuation Artifact 2.7. Detector Malfunction in the PET System 2.8. Motion Artifact on PET/CT Chapter 3: Radiopharmaceuticals and Protocols in Nuclear Cardiology Dominique Delbeke, Joao V. Vitola, and William H. Martin Cases Presentations 3.1. Biodistribution of 201Tl and Clinical Protocols 3.2. Biodistribution of 99mTc-MIBI and Clinical Protocols 3.3. Dual Isotope Rest 201Tl/Stress 99mTc-tetrofosmin Study 3.4. Extracardiac 99mTc-MIBI Uptake in a Tumor 3.5. Pattern of FDG Uptake in the Heart 3.6. Puerperal Breast Uptake of FDG: Dose Radiation Issues 3.7. Semiquantitative Analysis of Perfusion and Function 3.8. Myocardial Perfusion Imaging with PET 3.9. Biodistribution of 99mTc Pertechnetate 3.10. Gastrointestinal Radiopharmaceutical Uptake Chapter 4: Stress Modalities to Evaluate Myocardial Perfusion Joao V. Vitola, Otavio Kormann, Arnaldo Laffitte Stier Jr., William Azem Chalela, Luis E. Mastrocolla, and Dominique Delbeke Cases Presentations 4.1. Exercise 99mTc-MIBI Demonstrating Multi-Vessel CAD with Borderline ECG Changes 4.2. Dipyridamole 99mTc-MIBI Demonstrating RCA and LCX Ischemia in a Patient with LBBB 4.3. Combined Dipyridamole-Low Exercise 99mTc-MIBI Demonstrating Multi-Vessel CAD 4.4. Combined Dipyridamole-Low Exercise 99mTc-MIBI with Severe ST-Segment Elevation 4.5. Dobutamine 99mTc-MIBI Demonstrating Extensive Three-Vessel CAD 4.6. Dipyridamole 99mTc-MIBI in a Patient with a Pacemaker 4.7. Adenosine 99mTc-MIBI Demonstrating Significant Endothelial Dysfunction 4.8. Differential Hepatic and Gastrointestinal Uptake of 99mTc-MIBI after Exercise and Dypiridamole Stress 4.9. Dipyridamole-Induced Coronary Steal and ST-Segment Depression 4.10. Interference of Medications with MPI Chapter 5: Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: Detection of Coronary Artery Disease and Miscellaneous Clinical Applications Joao V. Vitola, Dominique Delbeke, C. Andrew Smith, Carlos Cunha Pereira, William H. Martin, and M. Reza Habibian Cases Presentations 5.1. Left Main Occlusion Diagnosed by MPI 5.2. Myocardial Bridging of the LAD 5.3. Exercise-Induced Artifact in a Patient with LBBB 5.4. LAD Ischemia in a Patient with LBBB 5.5. Transient Ischemic LV Dilatation 5.6. Multi-vessel Disease on MPI and Myocardial Stunning 5.7. Reverse Distribution on 201Tl Imaging 5.8. Anomalous Takeoff of the RCA 5.9. Anomalous Takeoff of the LCA 5.10. Transposition of the Great Vessels 5.11. Moderate Lesion Causing Ischemia 5.12. Chest Pain Due to Multiple Pulmonary Emboli 5.13. Coronary Spasm 5.14. Semiquantitative Analysis Using Different Commercial Software Packages Chapter 6: Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in the Emergency Department Olimpio Ribeiro Franca Neto, Dominique Delbeke, Joao V. Vitola, and Jack A. Ziffer Cases Presentations 6.1. Occluded LCX Detected by Rest 99mTc-MIBI 6.2. Occluded OM Detected by Rest 99mTc-MIBI 6.3. Correlation of Rest 99mTc-MIBI and MRI for ACS 6.4. Normal Rest But Abnormal Stress MPI 6.5. Value of Prone Imaging for Rest MPI 6.6. AMI Diagnosed by Rest 99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc-Pyrophosphate 6.7. Acute Pulmonary Embolism as a Differential Diagnosis in the ED 6.8. AMI Detected by Rest 99mTc-MIBI 6.9. Acute C

Read more less

Book Synopsisto Musculoskeletal Ultrasound.- The Upper Limb.- The Shoulder.- The Arm.- The Elbow.- The Forearm.- The Wrist and Hand.- The Lower Limb.- The Adult Hip.- The Adult Thigh.- The Knee.- The Leg.- The Ankle and Foot.- The Peripheral Nerves.- The Peripheral Nervous System.- The Brachial Plexus.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis handy pocket atlas is a complete and convenient guide to the normal sonographic appearances of the embryo and fetus and its uterine environment. The book equips practitioners with the thorough knowledge of normal fetal anatomy that is essential for the timely recognition of abnormalities.The images in this atlas were produced with state-of-the-art high-resolution ultrasound imaging systems and depict a spectrum of normal anatomy encountered during pregnancy. The book begins with the fetal environment (including the cervix, uterus, placenta, and umbilical cord), progresses through successive embryonic stages, and then examines fetal organ systems. The appendix provides a set of basic biometry tables for convenient daily use. Table of ContentsCervix, Uterus, Placenta, Umbilical Cord, and DopplerFirst Trimester UltrasoundFetal BrainFetal SpineFetal Chest, Heart, and Great VesselsFetal AbdomenFetal GenderFetal ExtremitiesFetal Neck, Face, and EarAppendix: BiometryCrown Rump LengthBiparietal DiameterHead CircumferenceAbdominal CircumferenceFemur LengthTechnical Notes

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPART I: ANATOMY Section 1: Oral Cavity 4 Teeth Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 14 Dental Restorations Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 20 Maxilla Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 28 Mandible Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 34 Tongue Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 38 Retromolar Trigone Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR, and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 42 Sublingual Space Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR, and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 46 Submandibular Space Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 50 Oral Mucosal Space/Surface Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD Section 2: Nose and Sinuses 54 Sinonasal Overview Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC 70 Ostiomeatal Complex Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR 74 Pterygopalatine Fossa Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR Section 3: Temporal Bone 80 TMJ Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC 88 External, Middle, and Inner Ear Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD Section 4: Base of Skull 96 Skull Base Overview Philip R. Chapman, MD and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 102 Anterior Skull Base H. Ric Harnsberger, MD and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 108 Central Skull Base Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 114 Posterior Skull Base Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 124 Styloid Process and Stylohyoid Ligament Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC Section 5: Cranial Nerves 130 Cranial Nerves Overview Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, H. Ric Harnsberger, MD, and Philip R. Chapman, MD 136 Cranial Nerve V Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 150 Cranial Nerve VII H. Ric Harnsberger, MD and Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC 160 Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX) H. Ric Harnsberger, MD and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 166 CNX (Vagus Nerve) Aparna Singhal, MD, H. Ric Harnsberger, MD, and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 172 CNXII (Hypoglossal Nerve) Aparna Singhal, MD, H. Ric Harnsberger, MD, and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS Section 6: Cervical Spine 180 Craniocervical Junction H. Ric Harnsberger, MD and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS Section 7: Suprahyoid Neck 192 Suprahyoid Neck Overview H. Ric Harnsberger, MD and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 198 Parapharyngeal Space Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 202 Nasopharynx and Oropharynx Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 210 Masticator Space Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR, and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 216 Parotid Space Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR, and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 224 Carotid Space Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR, and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 230 Retropharyngeal Space Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 234 Perivertebral Space Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Aparna Singhal, MD, and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 238 Lymph Nodes Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 242 External and Internal Carotid Arteries Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS PART II: IMAGING APPLICATIONS IN ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL REGIONSection 1: Imaging Applications 250 Artificial Intelligence in Imaging Anatomy Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD and Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD, BA 256 Introduction to Ultrasound Imaging Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Kaan Orhan, DDS, MSc, MHM, PhD, BA, and Hakan Amasya, DDS, MSc 264 CBCT Applications in Implant Placement Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Douglas L. Chenin, DDS 270 CBCT Applications in Endodontics Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC 276 CBCT Applications in Orthodontics Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 284 CBCT Analysis of Sleep-Disordered Breathing Risk Factors Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD PART III: DIAGNOSESSection 1: Radiologic Patterns of Jaw Pathology 296 Radiologic Patterns of Jaw Pathology Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) Section 2: Teeth DEVELOPMENTAL ALTERATIONS IN SIZE AND SHAPE OF TEETH 306 Hypodontia Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD and Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS 308 Hyperdontia Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS 310 Macrodontia, Gemination, and Fusion Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS 312 Microdontia Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS 313 Concrescence Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS 314 Talon Cusp Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS 315 Dens Invaginatus Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS 316 Enamel Pearls Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS 317 Taurodontism Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS 318 Dilaceration Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS 319 Supernumerary Roots Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS DEVELOPMENTAL ALTERATIONS IN STRUCTURE OF TEETH 320 Amelogenesis Imperfecta Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS 324 Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD and Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS 326 Dentin Dysplasia Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS 327 Regional Odontodysplasia Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD and Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS ACQUIRED ALTERATIONS OF TEETH AND SUPPORTING STRUCTURES 328 Attrition Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 330 Abrasion Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 331 Abfraction Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 332 Erosion Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 333 Turner Dysplasia Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 334 Internal and External Resorption Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 340 Hypercementosis Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) TRAUMA 341 Concussion Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 342 Luxation Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 346 Dentoalveolar Fractures Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) INFECTION/INFLAMMATION 352 Dental Caries Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 356 Periapical Rarefying Osteitis Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 360 Periapical Sclerosing Osteitis Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 362 Periodontal Disease Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) MISCELLANEOUS 368 Gubernaculum Dentis Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS Section 3: Oral Cavity CONGENITAL/GENETIC 372 Submandibular Space Accessory Salivary Tissue Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Daniel E. Meltzer, MD 374 Lingual Thyroid Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Daniel E. Meltzer, MD 376 Oral Cavity Dermoid and Epidermoid Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Daniel E. Meltzer, MD 380 Submandibular Gland Aplasia-Hypoplasia Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS 382 Foregut Duplication Cyst in Tongue Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS INFECTION 384 Oral Cavity Soft Tissue Infections Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS, and Richard H. Wiggins, III, MD, CIIP, FSIIM, FAHSE, FACR INFLAMMATION 388 Ranula Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Richard H. Wiggins, III, MD, CIIP, FSIIM, FAHSE, FACR 392 Submandibular Gland Sialadenitis Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Richard H. Wiggins, III, MD, CIIP, FSIIM, FAHSE, FACR 394 Oral Cavity Sialocele Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Richard H. Wiggins, III, MD, CIIP, FSIIM, FAHSE, FACR 396 Submandibular Gland Mucocele Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS NEOPLASM, BENIGN 398 Sublingual Gland Benign Mixed Tumor Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS 400 Submandibular Gland Benign Mixed Tumor Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD 402 Palate Benign Mixed Tumor Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD NEOPLASM, MALIGNANT 404 Oral Cavity Minor Salivary Gland Malignancy Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD 406 Sublingual Gland Carcinoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD 408 Submandibular Gland Carcinoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD 410 Submandibular Space Nodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD 412 Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Nicholas A. Koontz, MD 416 Floor of Mouth Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Nicholas A. Koontz, MD 418 Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 420 Retromolar Trigone Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Nicholas A. Koontz, MD 422 Submandibular Space Nodal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD 424 Buccal Mucosa Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Nicholas A. Koontz, MD 426 Hard Palate Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Nicholas A. Koontz, MD MISCELLANEOUS/IDIOPATHIC 428 Hypoglossal Nerve Motor Denervation Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Richard H. Wiggins, III, MD, CIIP, FSIIM, FAHSE, FACR 430 Submandibular Sialoliths Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS Section 4: Mandible and Maxilla NORMAL VARIANTS 434 Buccal and Palatal Exostoses Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 436 Mandibular Torus Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 438 Palatal Torus Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 440 Accessory Mandibular Canal Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 442 Mandibular Salivary Gland Defect (Stafne) Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 446 Mandible-Maxilla Idiopathic Osteosclerosis Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS CONGENITAL/GENETIC 448 Cleft Lip and Palate Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Roya Sohaey, MD 452 Cherubism Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and Bernadette L. Koch, MD 454 Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC 456 Cleidocranial Dysplasia Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS 458 Pierre Robin Sequence Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Caroline D. Robson, MBChB 460 Treacher Collins Syndrome Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS 462 Craniosynostoses (Crouzon) Kevin R. Moore, MD, Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 464 Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Kara G. Gill, MD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 466 Mucopolysaccharidosis Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Bernadette L. Koch, MD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 467 CHARGE Syndrome Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, William T. O'Brien, Sr., DO, FAOCR, and Caroline D. Robson, MBChB TRAUMA 468 Mandible Fracture Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS, and Michelle A. Michel, MD 472 Nasoorbitalethmoid Fracture Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS, and Michelle A. Michel, MD 474 Complex Midfacial Fracture Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS, and Michelle A. Michel, MD 476 Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Blair A. Winegar, MD 478 Transfacial Fractures (Le Fort) Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, H. Christian Davidson, MD, and Kathryn E. Dean, MD INFECTION/INFLAMMATION 482 Mandible-Maxilla Osteomyelitis Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC 486 Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC 490 Mandible-Maxilla Osteoradionecrosis Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC 494 Mandible-Maxilla Osteonecrosis Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC CYSTS, ODONTOGENIC 498 Dentigerous Cyst Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 502 Odontogenic Keratocyst Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC 506 Lateral Periodontal Cyst Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 508 Residual Cyst Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 510 Buccal Bifurcation Cyst Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 514 Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS CYSTS, NONODONTOGENIC 516 Mandible-Maxilla Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 520 Nasopalatine Duct Cyst Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 524 Nasolabial Cyst Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Kristine M. Mosier, DMD, PhD 526 Mandible-Maxilla Simple (Traumatic) Bone Cyst Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS FIBROOSSEOUS LESIONS 530 Periapical Cementoosseous Dysplasia Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 534 Florid Cementoosseous Dysplasia Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 538 Cementoossifying Fibroma Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 542 Mandible-Maxilla Fibrous Dysplasia Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 548 Segmental Odontomaxillary Dysplasia Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS METABOLIC/SYSTEMIC 550 Paget Disease Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) NEOPLASM, BENIGN, ODONTOGENIC 554 Odontoma Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 558 Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 560 Ameloblastoma Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC 564 Ameloblastic Fibroma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 568 Ameloblastic Fibroodontoma Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 570 Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 572 Cementoblastoma Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS 574 Odontogenic Myxoma Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS 576 Central Odontogenic Fibroma Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) NEOPLASM, BENIGN, NONODONTOGENIC 578 Central (Intraosseous) Hemangioma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS 580 Osteoid Osteoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 582 Osteoblastoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 584 Mandible-Maxilla Osteoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 586 Nerve Sheath Tumor Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 590 Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 594 Desmoplastic Fibroma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS NEOPLASM, MALIGNANT, ODONTOGENIC 596 Malignant Ameloblastoma and Ameloblastic Carcinoma Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS NEOPLASM, MALIGNANT, NONODONTOGENIC 598 Mandible-Maxilla Metastasis Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 604 Mandible-Maxilla Osteosarcoma Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 608 Mandible-Maxilla Chondrosarcoma Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 612 Primary Intraosseous Carcinoma Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 614 Central Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 616 Burkitt Lymphoma Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 620 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space Surjith Vattoth, MD, FRCR and Patricia A. Hudgins, MD, FACR 624 Multiple Myeloma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 628 Ewing Sarcoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 630 Leukemia Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS 632 Mandible-Maxilla Central Giant Cell Granuloma Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC 636 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 640 Bell Palsy Can Kocasarac, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 641 Hemifacial Spasm Can Kocasarac, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 642 Trigeminal Neuralgia Can Kocasarac, MD and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD AUTOIMMUNE 644 Systemic Sclerosis Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS Section 5: Temporomandibular Joint CONGENITAL DISORDERS 648 Condylar Aplasia David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 650 Hemifacial Microsomia David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD DEVELOPMENTAL ACQUIRED DISORDERS 654 Condylar Hypoplasia Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 658 Condylar Hyperplasia Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc 664 Coronoid Hyperplasia Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glas) 668 Hemimandibular Elongation David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD 672 Fibrous Ankylosis Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD 674 Bony Ankylosis Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) TRAUMA 676 TMJ Fractures Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc 682 TMJ Dislocation Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD 684 Bifid Condyle Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 688 TMJ Osteochondritis Dissecans David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD INFLAMMATION 690 TMJ Rheumatoid Arthritis David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 696 TMJ Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Lubdha M. Shah, MD, and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD 702 Septic Arthritis Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD 706 TMJ Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis Kristine M. Mosier, DMD, PhD and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS 708 Degenerative Joint Disease David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD 712 Idiopathic Condylar Resorption David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD 718 TMJ Synovial Cyst David Hatcher, DDS, MSc and Peruze Celenk, DDS, PhD 720 TMJ Ganglion Cyst Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD DISC DERANGEMENT DISORDERS 722 Disc Displacement With Reduction Richard W. Katzberg, MD, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Joanne Ethier, DMD, MBA, MS 728 Disc Displacement Without Reduction Richard W. Katzberg, MD, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and Joanne Ethier, DMD, MBA, MS 734 Adhesions David Hatcher, DDS, MSc NEOPLASM, BENIGN 736 TMJ Osteoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 738 TMJ Osteochondroma Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, David Hatcher, DDS, MSc, and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS 744 TMJ Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition Disease Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD 748 TMJ Primary Synovial Chondromatosis Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc NEOPLASM, MALIGNANT 752 TMJ Osteosarcoma Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Peruze Celenk, DDS, PhD 754 TMJ Chondrosarcoma Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 758 TMJ Metastasis Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS MISCELLANEOUS 760 TMJ Simple (Traumatic) Bone Cyst Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 762 TMJ, Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and David Hatcher, DDS, MSc Section 6: Maxillary Sinus and Nasal Cavity NORMAL VARIANTS 768 Deviated Nasal Septum Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C) 770 Concha Bullosa Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C) 772 Accessory Ostia Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C) DEVELOPMENTAL 774 Hypoplasia/Aplasia Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C) INFLAMMATION 778 Mucus Retention Pseudocyst Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C) 780 Sinonasal Mucocele Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Philip R. Chapman, MD 784 Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener) Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Philip R. Chapman, MD 788 Sinonasal Polyposis Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Nicholas A. Koontz, MD 792 Acute Rhinosinusitis Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Nicholas A. Koontz, MD 796 Chronic Rhinosinusitis Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Philip R. Chapman, MD 800 Odontogenic Sinusitis Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 802 Allergic Fungal Sinusitis Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD, and Michelle A. Michel, MD 804 Invasive Fungal Sinusitis Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Nicholas A. Koontz, MD 808 Sinus Mycetoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Aparna Singhal, MD NEOPLASM, BENIGN 810 Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH 814 Sinonasal Osteoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS NEOPLASM, MALIGNANT 818 Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH 822 Sinonasal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C), and Michelle A. Michel, MD 824 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Aparna Singhal, MD, and Luke N. Ledbetter, MD 828 Sinonasal Melanoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH FIBROOSSEOUS LESIONS 830 Sinonasal Fibrous Dysplasia Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 834 Sinonasal Ossifying Fibroma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C), and Michelle A. Michel, MD Section 7: Masticator Space INFECTION 840 Masticator Space Abscess Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD DEGENERATIVE 844 Masticator Muscle Atrophy Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Rebecca S. Cornelius, MD, FACR NEOPLASM, BENIGN 848 Masticator Space CNV3 Schwannoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Rebecca S. Cornelius, MD, FACR NEOPLASM, MALIGNANT 850 Masticator Space Chondrosarcoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD 854 Masticator Space Sarcoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD 858 Masticator Space CNV3 Perineural Tumor Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD MISCELLANEOUS/IDIOPATHIC 862 Benign Masticator Muscle Hypertrophy Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD, and Rebecca S. Cornelius, MD, FACR Section 8: Parotid Space INFLAMMATION 866 Benign Lymphoepithelial Cysts-HIV Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Philip R. Chapman, MD, and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 870 Parotid Sialadenitis Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS NEOPLASM, BENIGN 872 Parotid Benign Mixed Tumor Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD, and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 876 Warthin Tumor Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD, and H. Ric Harnsberger, MD 880 Parotid Schwannoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Hilda E. Stambuk, MD NEOPLASM, MALIGNANT 882 Parotid Malignant Mixed Tumor Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD 884 Parotid Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD 888 Parotid Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD, and Barton F. Branstetter, IV, MD, FACR 890 Parotid Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD 894 Metastatic Disease of Parotid Nodes Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD AUTOIMMUNE 898 Parotid Sjögren Syndrome Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD 902 Invasive Pseudotumor (IgG4-Related Disease) Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C) MISCELLANEOUS/IDIOPATHIC 904 Parotid Sialoliths Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS Section 9: Cervical Spine DEVELOPMENTAL ALTERATIONS 908 C2-C3 Fusion Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Kevin R. Moore, MD 910 Klippel-Feil Spectrum Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Kevin R. Moore, MD 912 C1 Assimilation Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Kevin R. Moore, MD 914 Ponticulus Posticus Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Kevin R. Moore, MD 916 Ossiculum Terminale Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Kevin R. Moore, MD 918 Split Atlas Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Kevin R. Moore, MD 920 Os Odontoideum Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), Kevin R. Moore, MD, and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD 924 Os Avis (Fused to Clivus) Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Kevin R. Moore, MD 926 Odontoid Hypoplasia/Aplasia Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Kevin R. Moore, MD 928 Failure of Formation Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Kevin R. Moore, MD 932 Failure of Segmentation Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Kevin R. Moore, MD DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS 936 Degenerative Arthritis of CVJ Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD 940 Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA, and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD 944 Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA, and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD 948 Cervical Facet Arthropathy Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, and Noura Alsufyani, BDS, MSc, PhD TUMOR AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS 952 Hemangioma, Cervical Spine Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA 956 Lytic and Blastic Metastases Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) and Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA FIBROOSSEOUS 960 Fibrous Dysplasia, Cervical Spine Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), Cheryl A. Petersilge, MD, MBA, and Julia R. Crim, MD MISCELLANEOUS 962 Tumoral Calcinosis Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg), Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, and Lubdha M. Shah, MD PART IV: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSESSection 1: Teeth ALTERATIONS IN TOOTH NUMBER 966 Extra Teeth Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS 968 Missing Teeth Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS ALTERATIONS IN TOOTH MORPHOLOGY/SHAPE 970 Crown Changes Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS 972 Root Changes Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS Section 2: Mandible and Maxilla ALTERATIONS IN SUPPORTING STRUCTURES OF TEETH 978 Periapical Radiolucencies Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 982 Periapical Radiopacities and Mixed Lesions Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 984 Floating Teeth Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 986 Widened Periodontal Ligament Space Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 988 Lamina Dura Changes Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS RADIOLUCENCIES 992 Well-Defined Unilocular Radiolucencies Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 996 Pericoronal Radiolucencies Without Radiopacities Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 998 Pericoronal Radiolucencies With Radiopacities Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS 1000 Multilocular Radiolucencies Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS 1004 Ill-Defined Radiolucencies Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS 1010 Generalized Rarefaction Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) RADIOPACITIES 1014 Well-Defined Radiopacities Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS 1018 Ground-Glass and Granular Radiopacities Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 1024 Generalized Radiopacities Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) PERIOSTEAL REACTIONS 1028 Periosteal Reactions Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) Section 3: Oral Cavity ANATOMICALLY BASED LESIONS 1036 Submandibular Space Lesions Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bernadette L. Koch, MD 1042 Parotid Space Lesions Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD 1048 Sublingual Space Lesions Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS 1052 Oral Mucosal Space/Surface Lesions Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Byron W. Benson, DDS, MS 1056 Root-of-Tongue Lesions Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Bernadette L. Koch, MD, and Jolanta M. Dennis, MD MISCELLANEOUS 1060 Soft Tissue Calcifications Husniye Demirturk, DDS, MS, PhD, Brad J. Potter, DDS, MS, and Margot L. Van Dis, DDS, MS Section 4: Temporomandibular Joint CHANGES IN CONDYLAR SIZE AND FUNCTION 1066 Small Condyle Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 1072 Large Condyle Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) 1076 Limited Condylar Translation Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) MASS LESIONS 1080 TMJ Radiolucencies Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC and C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) 1082 TMJ Radiopacities Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) MISCELLANEOUS 1086 TMJ Articular Loose Bodies Susanne E. Perschbacher, DDS, MSc, FRCDC, C. Grace Petrikowski, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C), and Dania Tamimi, BDS, DMSc, FDS, RCPS (Glasg) Section 5: Maxillary Sinus and Nasal Cavity NASAL LESIONS 1090 Nasal Septal Perforation Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Luke N. Ledbetter, MD, and Michelle A. Michel, MD 1092 Nasal Lesions Without Bone Destruction Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Michelle A. Michel, MD, and Daniel E. Meltzer, MD 1096 Nasal Lesions With Bone Destruction Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C) 1100 Sinonasal Fibroosseous and Cartilaginous Lesions Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C) SINUS LESIONS 1102 Paranasal Sinus Lesions Without Bone Destruction Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS and Axel Ruprecht, DDS, MScD, FRCD(C) 1106 Paranasal Sinus Lesions With Bone Destruction Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Daniel E. Meltzer, MD, and Michelle A. Michel, MD MISCELLANEOUS 1110 Displaced Dental Structures Into Antrum Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS Section 6: Cervical Spine 1114 Odontoid Deformity Lisa J. Koenig, BChD, DDS, MS, Jeffrey S. Ross, MD, and Julia R. Crim, MD

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 Introduction 2 Chest X-rays 3 Abdominal X-rays 4 Orthopaedic X-rays 5 CT Scans 6 MRI Scans 7 Ultrasound Scans 8 Nuclear Medicine 9 Fluoroscopy 10 Interventional Radiology 11 Bonus Cases Case Index Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsStandard Cases Intermediate Cases Advanced Cases Case Questions and Answers Case Index Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsStandard Cases Intermediate Cases Advanced Cases Case Questions and Answers Case Index Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsHand and Wrist Upper Limb Shoulder Girdle Spine Hip and Pelvis Lower Limb Foot and Ankle Case Questions and Answers Case Index Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSECTION 1: CHEST 4 Chest Overview Melissa L. Rosado-de-Christenson, MD, FACR, FAAWR 44 Lung Development Melissa L. Rosado-de-Christenson, MD, FACR, FAAWR 66 Airway Structure Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD 88 Vascular Structure Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD 110 Interstitial Network Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD 122 Lungs Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD 154 Hila Melissa L. Rosado-de-Christenson, MD, FACR, FAAWR 186 Airways Melissa L. Rosado-de-Christenson, MD, FACR, FAAWR 212 Pulmonary Vessels Melissa L. Rosado-de-Christenson, MD, FACR, FAAWR 246 Systemic Vessels Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD and Melissa L. Rosado-de- Christenson, MD, FACR, FAAWR 284 Lymph Nodes and Lymphatics Sherief H. Garrana, MD 312 Pleura Santiago Martínez-Jiménez, MD 336 Mediastinum Melissa L. Rosado-de-Christenson, MD, FACR, FAAWR 370 Heart Melissa L. Rosado-de-Christenson, MD, FACR, FAAWR 414 Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins Sherief H. Garrana, MD 442 Pericardium Melissa L. Rosado-de-Christenson, MD, FACR, FAAWR 464 Chest Wall Sherief H. Garrana, MD SECTION 2: ABDOMEN 490 Embryology of Abdomen Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR, Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR, and Siva P. Raman, MD 526 Abdominal Wall Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR, Siva P. Raman, MD, and Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR 550 Diaphragm Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR, Siva P. Raman, MD, and Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR 570 Peritoneal Cavity Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR, Siva P. Raman, MD, and Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR 592 Vessels, Lymphatic System, and Nerves, Abdominal Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR, Siva P. Raman, MD, and Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR 634 Esophagus Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR, Siva P. Raman, MD, and Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR 650 Gastroduodenal Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR, Siva P. Raman, MD, and Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR 678 Small Intestine Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR, Siva P. Raman, MD, and Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR 708 Colon Atif Zaheer, MD, FSAR, Siva P. Raman, MD, and Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR 750 Spleen Siva P. Raman, MD 774 Liver Siva P. Raman, MD 820 Biliary System Siva P. Raman, MD 846 Pancreas Siva P. Raman, MD 876 Retroperitoneum Siva P. Raman, MD 902 Adrenal Siva P. Raman, MD 924 Kidney Siva P. Raman, MD 962 Ureter and Bladder Siva P. Raman, MD SECTION 3: PELVIS 988 Vessels, Lymphatic System, and Nerves, Pelvic Paula J. Woodward, MD, Akram M. Shaaban, MBBCh, and Ghaneh Fananapazir, MD, FSAR, FSRU, FSABI MALE 1016 Male Pelvic Wall and Floor Paula J. Woodward, MD, Akram M. Shaaban, MBBCh, and Ghaneh Fananapazir, MD, FSAR, FSRU, FSABI 1042 Testes and Scrotum Paula J. Woodward, MD, Akram M. Shaaban, MBBCh, and Ghaneh Fananapazir, MD, FSAR, FSRU, FSABI 1060 Prostate and Seminal Vesicles Bryan R. Foster, MD, Paula J. Woodward, MD, and Akram M. Shaaban, MBBCh 1078 Penis and Urethra Bryan R. Foster, MD, Paula J. Woodward, MD, and Akram M. Shaaban, MBBCh FEMALE 1094 Female Pelvic Floor Douglas Rogers, MD and Rania Farouk El Sayed, MD, PhD 1122 Uterus Douglas Rogers, MD 1148 Ovaries Douglas Rogers, MD

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisCancer is the second largest cause of death (after heart disease) in North America and Europe. Statistics from many countries serve constantly to inform us of how prevalent cancer is worldwide, even though one particular variation may be more predominant is one geographical region than another.Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Introduction to Spectral Imaging, and Applications to Diagnosis of Lymph Nodes (Melissa J. Romeo, Rina K. Dukor and Max Diem). Infrared and Raman Microspectroscopic Studies of Individual Human Cells (Melissa J. Romeo, Susie Boydston-White, Christian Matthäaus, Miloš Miljkovic, Benjamin Bird, Tatyana Chernenko, Peter Lasch and Max Diem). Infrared Spectroscopy in the Identification of Microorganisms (Mareike Wenning, Siegfried Scherer and Dieter Naumann). Antemortem Identification of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE) from Serum by Mid-IR Spectroscopy (Peter Lasch, Michael Beekes, Heinz Fabian and Dieter Naumann). Head and Neck Cancer: A Clinical Overview, and Observations from Synchrotron-sourced Mid-infrared Spectroscopy Investigations (Sheila E. Fisher, Andrew T. Harris, John M. Chalmers and Mark J. Tobin). Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging Protocols for High-throughput Histopathology (Rohit Bhargava and Ira W. Levin). Spectral Histopathology of the Human Cervix (Don McNaughton, Keith Bambery and Bayden R. Wood). Raman Spectroscopy as a Potential Tool for Early Diagnosis of Malignancies in Esophageal and Bladder Tissues (N. Stone, C. Kendall and H. Barr). Neuro-oncological Applications of Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy (Christoph Krafft and Reiner Salzer). Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Erythrocytes (Bayden R. Wood and Don McNaughton). Glossary. Appendix: Infrared and Raman Spectra of Selected Cellular. Components. Index.

Read more less

Book Synopsis* More than 400 color photographs, CBCT images, and high-resolution radiographs * Radiological principles addressed from an endodontist's perspective and needs * Includes a new periapical index based on CBCT .Trade Review“A well-written and comprehensive text with contributions from a large number of international experts in the field of endodontics . . . It has sub­sequently influenced my clinical practice and I’d strongly urge anyone who is truly committed to learning and understanding endodontic imaging to a superior level to invest their time into reading this text.” (British Dental Journal, 12 October 2013)Table of ContentsAbout the Editor ix Contributors x Foreword xiv Preface xvi Acknowledgments xvii Part 1: General Principles and Techniques 3 1 General Principles of Radiology in Endodontics 5 Anda Kfir and Bettina Basrani 2 Intraoral Radiographic Principles and Techniques 18 Mindy Cash and Bettina Basrani 3 Special Situations 39 Bettina Basrani 4 Intraoral Digital Imaging 43 Ernest W. N. Lam 5 Radiographic Considerations Before the Endodontic Treatment Is Initiated 49 Calvin D. Torneck 6 Radiographic Analysis of Anomalous Tooth Forms and Morphological Variations Related to Endodontics 54 Jeffrey M. Coil Part 2: Endodontic Disease 79 7 Radiographic Expression of Endodontic Disease 81 Calvin D. Torneck 8 Image Interpretation of Periapical Abnormalities 101 Ernest W. N. Lam 9 Radiographic Interpretation of Traumatic Injuries 129 Nestor Cohenca 10 Radiographic Analysis of Acquired Pathological Dental Conditions 153 Amir Azarpazhooh 11 Radiographic Analysis of Periodontal and Endodontic Lesions 166 Jim Yuan Lai and Bettina Basrani 12 Radiographic Imaging in Implant Dentistry 177Amir Azarpazhooh and Jim Yuan Lai Part 3: Sequence of Endodontic Treatment 191 13 Radiographic Considerations during the Endodontic Treatment 193 Bettina Basrani 14 Electronic Apex Locators and Conventional Radiograph in Working Length Measurement 218 Gevik Malkhassian, Andres Plazas, and Yosef Nahmias 15 Vertical Root Fractures: Radiological Diagnosis 235 Anil Kishen and Harold H. Messer 16 Healing of Chronic Apical Periodontitis 251 Dag Ørstavik Part 4: Teaching and Research 267 17 Radiographic Consideration for Endodontic Teaching 269 Bettina Basrani 18 Micro-Computed Tomography in Endodontic Research 278 Mana Mirfendereski and Ove Peters Part 5: Advanced Techniques 285 19 Alternative Imaging Systems in Endodontics 287 Elisabetta Cotti and Girolamo Campisi 20 Introduction to Cone Beam Computed Tomography 304 Ernest W. N. Lam 21 Interpretation of Periapical Lesions Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography 307 Carlos Estrela, Mike Reis Bueno, and Ana Helena Gonçalves Alencar Part 6: Clinical Cases 329 22 Clinical Cases 331 Le O’Leary 23 Clinical Impact of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Root Canal Treatment 367 Carlos Bóveda Z. Index 416

Read more less

Book SynopsisMAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING Mathematical Foundations and Applications By Walter J. Schempp As magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) continues to transform medical diagnostics and the study of the brain, the necessity for a more precise description of this important clinical tool is increasingly evident. A mathematical understanding of MRI and the related imaging modalities of functional MRI and NMR spectroscopy can greatly improve many scientific and medical endeavors, from the quality of scans in the tomographic slices and their semantic interpretations to minimally invasive neurosurgery and research in cognitive neuroscience. Magnetic Resonance Imaging advances a coherent mathematical theory of MRI and presents for the first time a real-world application of non-commutative Fourier analysis. Emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of clinical MRI, this book offers an intriguing look at the geometric principles underlying the quantum phenoTable of ContentsNMR Spectroscopy and Clinical MRI: Historical and Phenomenological Aspects. The Structure-Function Problem in Clinical MRI. Applications and Synopsis. Bibliography. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisApplied Radiological Anatomy for Medical Students, first published in 2007, is the definitive atlas of human anatomy, utilizing the complete range of imaging modalities to describe normal anatomy and radiological findings. Initial chapters describe all imaging techniques and introduce the principles of image interpretation. These are followed by comprehensive sections on each anatomical region. Hundreds of high-quality radiographs, MRI, CT and ultrasound images are included, complemented by concise, focussed text. Many images are accompanied by detailed, fully labelled line illustrations to aid interpretation. Written by leading experts and experienced teachers in imaging and anatomy, Applied Radiological Anatomy for Medical Students is an invaluable resource for all students s of anatomy and radiology.Table of ContentsPart I. The Basics: 1. An introduction to diagnostic imaging techniques Thomas Bryant and Adam Waldman; 2. How to interpret an image Adam Mitchell; Part II. The Thorax: 3. The chest wall and ribs Jonathan Berry and Sujal R. Desai; 4. The breast Stella Comitis; Part III. The Abdomen and Pelvis: 5. The abdominal wall Dominic Blunt; 6. The urogenital system and suprarenal glands Andrea Rockall and Sarah Vinnicombe; Part IV. The Head, Neck and Vertebral Column: 7. The skull and brain Paul Butler; 8. The eye Claudia Kirsch; 9. The ear Claudia Kirsch; 10. The extracranial head and neck Jureerat Thammaroj and Joti Bhattacharya; 11. The vertebral column and spinal cord Claudia Kirsch; Part V. The Limbs: 12. The upper limb Alex Barnacle; 13. The lower limb A. Newman Sanders; Part VI. Developmental Anatomy: 14. Obstetric imaging Ian Suchet and Ruth Williamson; 15. Paediatric imaging Ruth Williamson.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe new edition of this established text has been thoroughly revised and updated. It is divided into six parts. The first two parts cover the X-ray tube and X-ray generators. Part three looks at general, multipurpose radiographic equipment. Part four considers fluroscopic equipment, and the remaining two parts provide accounts of more specialized radiographic equipment and computer-based imaging modalities.Table of ContentsPart 1 The X-Ray Tube - Chapter 1 The X-Ray Tube: X-ray production; Electrical and radiation safety; Focal spot size; The problem of heat; X-ray tube construction and operation; Care of the X-ray tube; Follow-up practical; Part 2 X-Ray Generators - Chapter 2 Control of the X-Ray Tube Kilovoltage: Introduction; Voltage transformation; The high tension primary circuit; The need for rectification; Shortcomings of a pulsating X-ray supply; High tension cables; Kilovoltage compensation; Measuring kilovoltage; Follow-up practical; Chapter 3 Control of X-Ray Tube Current: Introduction; The need for accuracy; Tube filament circuitry; Falling load generators; Tube current measurement and display; Follow-up practical; Chapter 4 Exposure Timing and Switching: Introduction; Exposure switching; Exposure timing; Follow-up practical; Part 3 General, Multipurpose Radiographic Equipment - Chapter 5 Control of Scattered X-Radiation: Introduction; The effects of scattered radiation; Methods of scatter control; Follow-up practical; Chapter 6 Radiographic Couches, Stands and Tube Supports: X-ray tube supports; Radiographic couches; Chest stands and vertical buckys; Modern basic radiographic units; Follow-up practical; Part 4 Fluoroscopic Equipment - Chapter 7 Fluoroscopic Equipment: Introduction; Types of fluoroscopic equipment; Conventional fluoroscopic couches; Mobile and specialized fluoroscopic units; The image intensifier; Television cameras; The television monitor; Image recording; Summary of intensified fluoroscopy; Follow-up clinical; Part 5 Specialised Radiographic Equipment - Chapter 8 Mobile Radiographic Equipment: Introduction; Electrical energy sources; Mains-dependent mobile equipment; Coventional generators; Capacitor discharge equipment; Battery-powered generators; X-ray tubes; Physical features; Follow-up practical; Chapter 9 Accident and Emergency X-Ray Equipment: Introduction; Basic trolley design; Isocentric skull unit with variable height table; Trolley-based system; Trauma resuscitation room; Ancillary equipment; Follow-up practical; Chapter 10 Equipment for Dental Radiography: Intra-oral equipment; Cephalostat (craniostat); Orthopantomography; Follow-up practical; Chapter 11 Mammographic Equipment: Introduction; Mammographic X-ray tubes; Compression; Exposure timing; Breast support plate; Patient reassurance; Follow-up practical; Chapter 12 Equipment for Conventional Tomography: Introduction; Principle; Main features of tomographic equipment; Types of tomographic equipment; Equipment tests; Follow-up practical; Part 6 Computer-Based Imaging Modalities - Chapter 13 Image Digitization: Introduction; The difference between analogue and digital; The benefits of diagnostic image digitization; Follow-up practical; Chapter 14 Computed Tomography: Introduction; The principle of CT; Equipment for CT; The X-ray generator; The table; The operating/display console; The computer; Image quality; Use of CT equipment - the operator's judgement; Follow-up practical; Chapter 15 Radionuclide Imaging: Introduction; Types of radioactivity; Choice of radionuclide; Radiation dosimetry; Technetium; 99m; Equipment; The gamma camera; Follow-up clinical; Chapter 16 Equipment for Ultrasound Imaging: Introduction; Basic functions of ultrasound imaging equipment; The nature of ultrasound and its propagation in human tissue; Interactions of ultrasound energy and tissue; Core modules of ultrasound equipment; Modes of ultrasound imaging; Probes, transducers and ultrasound beam shapes; B-mode, real time, grey scale ultrasound imaging systems; Doppler ultrasound; Safety in ultrasound; Care of ultrasound equipment; Conclusion; Bibliography; Chapter 17 Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Introduction; NMR; The NMR signal; The MR image; MR scanners; Control of the imaging process; The MR system; Safety considerations; The NMR equation; Follow-up practical; Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis highly successful manual has served for nearly three decades as the definitive guide to the safe use of radioactive materials. Completely revised and updated, the fourth edition presents a new dimension by adding coverage of nonionizing radiation, and is thus concerned with the entire field of radiation protection.Trade ReviewJacob Shapiro's well-known and successful text has been completely revised and updated in this fourth edition, expanding on the principles and practices of radiation protection and using updated ICRP quantities and concepts...Coverage of the entire spectrum of radiation protection makes this volume an important training and reference manual for a wide range of disciplines using radiation in science, medicine, academia, industry, and government. A nice touch is the inclusion of web site addresses for government agencies and scientific committees. -- Rose Marie Pratt * Health Physics *The coverage is complete, the style simple, the order logical and the whole easy to read. * Nature *The book is very well written and organized into sections so that it may be used by students of various backgrounds and interests. * American Association of Physics in Medicine *It is without doubt the finest publication of its kind. The manual addresses the principles and practices of radiation protection for those nonspecialists whose work in research or the field of medicine requires the use of radiation sources. * American Journal of Roentgenology *Table of ContentsHistorical Prologue 1. In the Beginning 2. The Discovery of Invisible, Unbelievably Energetic Radiations 3. The Development of a Radiation Technology 4. The Need for Radiation Protection PART ONE: ENERGY--THE UNIFYING CONCEPT IN RADIATION PROTECTION 1. Radiation's Dual Identity 2. Energy Relationships in the Hydrogen Atom 3. Energy Levels in Atoms with Higher Z 4. Energy Levels in Molecules 5. Energies of Motion Associated with Temperature 6. Bonding Energies 7. Energy from Mass--The Ultimate Energy Source 8. Some Interesting Energy Values PART TWO: PRINCIPLES OF PROTECTION AGAINST IONIZING PARTICLES 1. The Approach 2. Energy and Injury 3. Charged and Uncharged Ionizing Particles 4. Energy Transfer by Charged Particles 5. The Stopping Power Equation 6. Beta Particles--A Major Class of Charged Ionizing Particles 6.1 Properties of Some Common Beta-Emitting Radionuclides 6.2 Protection from External Beta Particle Sources--Time, Distance, and Shielding 7. Characteristics of Uncharged Ionizing Particles 8. Gamma Rays--A Major Class of Uncharged Ionizing Particles 8.1 Energies and Penetration of Gamma Rays from Some Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides 8.2 Positron-Emitting Radionuclides and Annihilation Radiation 8.3 The Three Major Mechanisms Affecting the Penetration of Gamma Radiation 8.4 Attenuation Coefficients of Gamma Photons in Different Materials 8.5 Calculation of Attenuation of Gamma Photons by the Half-Value Layer Method 8.6 Protection from Gamma Sources--Time, Distance, Shielding 9. Heavy Charged Ionizing Particles 9.1 The Alpha Particle--A Heavy Particle with High Linear Energy Transfer and High Capacity for Producing Damage 9.2 The Proton--Another Heavy Charged Particle with High Linear Energy Transfer 10. The Neutron--A Second Important Uncharged Ionizing Particle 10.1 Sources of Neutrons 10.2 Neutron Collisions 10.3 Attenuation of Neutrons 11. The Absorbed Dose--A Measure of Energy Imparted to a Medium 11.1 The Pattern of the Imparted Energy in a Medium 11.2 Definition of Absorbed Dose 11.3 The Gray--The SI Unit for Absorbed Dose 12. The Equivalent Dose--A Common Scale for Doses to Organs and Tissues from Different Radiation Types and Energies 12.1 The Radiation Weighting Factor and the Quality Factor--Measures of the Relative Hazard of Energy Transfer by Different Particles 12.2 The Sievert--The Special Unit of Equivalent Dose 13. Tissue Weighting Factors and the Effective Dose--A Measure of Risk and Severity of Consequences 14. The Roentgen--The Traditional Unit for Expressing Radiation Exposure 15. The Significance of External Radiation Levels 16. Exposure from Internal Radiation Sources 16.1 The Activity--A Quantity for Describing the Amount of Radioactivity 16.2 The Unit of Activity--The Becquerel 16.3 The Accumulating Dose from Radioactivity in the Body and the Committed Dose 17. The Annual Limit on Intake--The Basic Quantity for the Control of Internal Exposures 18. Limit for the Concentration of a Radionuclide in Air--A Derived Limit 19. Levels of Radioactivity Inside the Body--A Useful Benchmark for Internal Exposure 20. Protection from Radioactive Contamination 21. Some Simple Calculations in Radiation Protection 21.1 Dose from Beta Particles 21.2 Exposure Rate and Dose Rate from Gamma Photons 21.3 Reduction of Dose Rate by Both Distance and Shielding 21.4 Correction for Radioactive Decay 21.5 Shielding of Large or Complex Sources 22. X Rays--Radiation Made by Machine 22.1 Production of X Rays 22.2 Diagnostic Radiology 22.3 X-Ray Attenuation in the Body 22.4 Effects of Photon Energy Distribution on Image Formation and Absorbed Dose 22.5 A Description of an X-Ray Machine 22.6 Production of a Photograph of the X-Ray Image 22.7 Fluoroscopy 22.8 Mammography 22.9 Computed Tomography: Taking Cross Sections with X Rays 22.10 Technical Approaches for Minimizing the Doses Required to Record an X Ray 22.11 Impact of the Digital Computer in Radiation Medicine 23. Dose Measurements in Diagnostic Radiology 24. Exposure Guides and Reference Levels in Diagnostic Radiology 25. Protection of the Patient in X-Ray Diagnosis 25.1 Principles 25.2 Policy of the International Commission on Radiological Protection 25.3 Studies in the United Kingdom 25.4 Radiography of the Spine in Scoliosis 25.5 Screening for Specific Diseases 26. Radiation Levels in the Working Areas around X-Ray Machines 26.1 Shielding the X-Ray Beam 27. Dose Reduction in Nuclear Medicine 28. Exposure of the Embryo, Fetus, or Nursing Child 29. Protection of the Patient in Radiation Therapy 29.1 Treatment with External Radiation Beams 29.2 Brachytherapy 29.3 Therapeutic Use of Radiopharmaceuticals 30. Misadministrations in the Medical Use of Radiation and Radioactive Material 31. Occupational Exposures Incurred in the Medical Use of Radiation 31.1 Studies of Occupational Exposures in the Conduct of Specific Procedures 32. Comments for Users of X-Ray Diffraction Machines 33. Particle Accelerators--The Universal Radiation Source 33.1 History of Particle Accelerators 33.2 Interactions of High-Energy Particles 33.3 Shielding High-Energy Particles 33.4 Particle Accelerators in Radiation Therapy 34. Regulation of Radiation Sources and Uses 34.1 Regulatory Measures for Medical Radiation Programs PART THREE: RADIATION DOSE CALCULATIONS 1. Dose from Beta-Emitting Radionuclides inside the Body 1.1 Calculating the Initial Dose Rate 1.2 Dose Calculations for a Decaying Radionuclide 1.3 Some Relationships Governing Radioactive Decay 1.4 Relationships Involving Both Radioactive Decay and Biological Elimination 1.5 Absorbed Beta Dose over a Period of Time 2. A Closer Look at the Dose from Beta Particles 2.1 Beta Particle Point Source Dose-Rate Functions 2.2 Evaluation of Beta Particle Dose from the Fluence and Stopping Power 3. Calculation of the Absorbed Dose from Gamma Emitters in the Body 3.1 Dose Rate from a Point Source of Photons--The Specific Dose-Rate Constant for Tissue 3.2 Evaluation of the Specific Dose-Rate Constant 3.3 Dose Rate from Distributed Gamma Sources 3.4 The Absorbed-Fraction Method--Dose within the Source Volume 3.5 Dose to Targets Outside the Source Volume by the Absorbed-Fraction Method 3.6 The Specific Absorbed Fraction--Sparing the Need to Divide by the Target Mass 3.7 Use of the Equilibrium Dose Constant--Computer-Generated Source Output Data 3.8 The S Factor--Doses from Cumulated Activity 4. Summary of Formulas 4.1 Radioactive Decay 4.2 Physical Decay and Biological Elimination 4.3 Dose from Nonpenetrating Radiation from Internal Emitters 4.4 Dose from Penetrating Radiation from Internal Emitters 4.5 Inverse Square Law 4.6 Dose Rates at a Distance from Gamma Sources 4.7 Attenuation of Radiation 4.8 Equivalent Dose 5. Dose Calculations for Specific Radionuclides 5.1 Hydrogen-3 5.2 Iodine-131 and Iodine-125 5.3 Strontium-90 / Yttrium-90 / Zirconium-90 5.4 Xenon-133 and Krypton-85 5.5 Uranium-238 and Its Decay Products 5.6 Radon-222 and Its Decay Products 5.7 Plutonium-239 and Plutonium-240 6. Dose Rates from Small, Highly Radioactive Particles 6.1 Evaluation of the Dose from Beta Particles 6.2 Biological Effects of Hot Particles 6.3 Risk of Cancer from Hot Particles 6.4 Highly Radioactive Particles in Fallout 6.5 Recommendations of the NCRP on Limits of Exposure to Hot Particles 6.6 NRC Enforcement Policy for Exposures to Hot Particles 7. The Radioactive Patient as a Source of Exposure 8. Radiation Doses in Nuclear Medicine 8.1 Dose to the Fetus from Uptake of Radionuclides from the Mother 9. Evaluation of Doses within the Body from X Rays 9.1 Patient Doses in Mammography 9.2 Evaluation of Doses in CT Examinations 10. Survey Results, Handbooks, and the Internet 10.1 Surveys of Doses in X-Ray Examinations 11. Producing an Optimum Radiation Field for Treating a Tumor PART FOUR: RADIATION MEASUREMENTS 1. Radiation Counting with a Geiger-Mueller Counter 1.1 A G-M Counter Described 1.2 Adjusting the High Voltage on a G-M Counter and Obtaining a Plateau 1.3 How a G-M Counter Can Lose Counts and Even Become Paralyzed 1.4 How to Distinguish between Beta and Gamma Radiation with a G-M Counter 1.5 How to Determine Source Strength of a Beta Emitter with a G-M Counter 1.6 Factors Affecting Efficiency of Detection of Beta Particles 1.7 Correcting for Attenuation of Beta Particles by Determining Absorption Curves 1.8 Counting Gamma Photons with a G-M Counter 1.9 Standardization of Radionuclides with G-M Counters 1.10 Interpreting Counts on a G-M Counter 2. Energy Measurements with a Scintillation Detector 2.1 Description of Scintillation Detectors and Photomultipliers 2.2 Pulse Counting with a Scintillation Counter and Scaler 2.3 Pulse-Height Distributions from Scintillation Detectors 2.4 Electronic Processing of Pulses Produced by Scintillation Detectors 3. Detectors for Special Counting Problems 3.1 Gas-Filled Proportional Counters 3.2 Semiconductor Detectors 4. Measuring Radiation Dose Rates 4.1 Measuring X and Gamma Dose Rates with Ionization-Type Survey Meters 4.2 Use of Scintillation Detectors to Measure Dose Rates 4.3 Use of G-M Counters to Monitor Dose Rates 4.4 Routine Performance Checks of Survey Meters 4.5 Calibration of Survey Meters 4.6 Beta Dose-Rate Measurements 4.7 Neutron Monitoring 5. Measuring Accumulated Doses over Extended Periods--Personnel and Environmental Monitoring 5.1 Use of Biodosimetry in Reconstructing Radiation Exposures 6. Specifying Statistical Variations in Counting Results 6.1 Nature of Counting Distributions 6.2 Sample Average and Confidence Limits 6.3 Standard Deviation 6.4 The Normal Error Curve--A Good Fit for Count Distributions 6.5 Precision of a Single Radiation Measurement 6.6 The Effect of Background on the Precision of Radiation Measurements 6.7 The Precision of the Ratio of Two Measurements 6.8 Testing the Distribution of a Series of Counts--The Chi-Square Test 6.9 Measurements at the Limits of Sensitivity of Detectors 7. Comments on Making Accurate Measurements PART FIVE: PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF RADIONUCLIDES 1. Obtaining Authorization to Use Radionuclides 1.1 Administration of Radioactive Material to Humans 1.2 Requirements for Obtaining Approval to Use New Radioactive Drugs 1.3 Protection of the Patient in Nuclear Medicine 2. Training Required for Working with Radionuclides 2.1 Implementation of a Training Program 2.2 Radiation Safety within a Comprehensive Institutional Program in Laboratory Safety 3. Responsibilities of Radionuclide Users 4. Standards for Protection against Radiation 5. Personnel Monitoring for External Radiation Exposure 5.1 Ambiguities in Using the Personnel Dosimeter Dose as a Surrogate for Personnel Dose 6. Monitoring Personnel Subject to Intakes of Radioactive Material 7. NRC and ICRP Values for Annual Limits on Intake and Airborne Radioactivity Concentration Limits 7.1 Air Monitoring for Environmental Radioactivity 8. Posting of Areas 9. Laboratory Facilities 10. Protective Clothing 11. Trays and Handling Tools 12. Special Handling Precautions for Radioiodine 12.1 Use of Potassium Iodide as a Thyroid-Blocking Agent 13. Hygiene 14. Trial Runs 15. Delivery of Radionuclides 16. Storage and Control of Radionuclides 17. Storage of Wastes 18. Waste Disposal 18.1 Disposal of Gases to the Atmosphere 18.2 Disposal of Liquids to Unrestricted Areas 18.3 Disposal of Liquid Wastes to Sanitary Sewerage Systems 18.4 Solid Wastes 18.5 Disposal on Site by Incineration and Other Methods 18.6 Government Regulation of the Disposal of Hazardous Wastes 18.7 Volume Reduction in Waste Disposal 18.8 The Designation of De Minimus Concentrations of Radioactivity 18.9 Natural Radioactivity as a Reference in the Control of Environmental Releases 19. Use of Radioactive Materials in Animals 20. Transportation of Radionuclides 20.1 Transportation within the Institution 20.2 Mailing through the U.S. Postal Service 20.3 Shipment of "Limited Quantities" 20.4 Shipment of "Low-Specific-Activity" Materials 20.5 Shipment of Type-A Packages 20.6 Shipping Papers and Shipper's Certification 21. Contamination Control 21.1 Monitoring for Contamination 21.2 Decontamination of Equipment and Buildings--Limits for Uncontrolled Release 22. Personnel Contamination and Decontamination 23. Leak Tests of Sealed Sources 24. Notification of Authorities in the Event of Radiation Incidents 25. Termination of Work with Radionuclides Appendix A: Emergency Instructions in the Event of Release of Radioactivity and Contamination of Personnel A.1 Objectives of Remedial Action A.2 Procedures for Dealing with Minor Spills and Contamination A.3 Personnel Decontamination A.4 Major Releases of Airborne Radioactivity as a Result of Explosions, Leakage of High-Level Sealed Gaseous and Powdered Sources Appendix B: The Regulatory Process B.1 Radiation Control at the Federal Level B.2 Radiation Control at the State Level B.3 Inspection and Enforcement Appendix C: Control of Airborne Releases to the Environment C.1 Dilution in the Atmosphere C.2 Filtration of Particles C.3 Adsorption of Gases and Vapors on Charcoal C.4 Adsorbers for Radioiodine PART SIX: IONIZING RADIATION AND PUBLIC HEALTH 1. Formulation of Standards for Radiation Protection 1.1 Standards for Protection of the Public against Radioactive Contamination 1.2 Standards for the Cleanup of Sites Contaminated with Radioactivity 1.3 Protective Actions for Exposures of the Public from Long-Term and Unattributable Sources 2. Medical Findings on Humans Exposed to Radiation 2.1 Sources of Human Exposure Data 2.2 Epidemiological Studies of Leukemia and Other Cancers 2.3 Risk of Cancer from Exposure to Radiation 2.4 Effects on the Developing Embryo 2.5 Genetic Risks 2.6 Basic Mechanisms in the Genesis of Cancer by Ionizing Radiation 3. Risks to Health from Exposure to Alpha Radiation 3.1 Evolution of Protection Standards for Radon Gas and Its Decay Products 3.2 Risk of Lung Cancer from Extended Exposure to Radon and Its Short-Lived Decay Products 3.3 Exposure of Bone to Alpha Radiation 4. Implications for Humans from Results of Animal Experiments 5. Sources Producing Population Exposure 5.1 Natural Sources of External Radiation 5.2 Natural Sources of Radioactivity within the Body 5.3 Population Exposure from Medical and Dental X Rays 5.4 Population Exposure (Internal) from Radiopharmaceuticals 5.5 Environmental Radiation Levels from Fallout from Past Weapons Tests 5.6 Potential External Exposure to the Population from Large-Scale Use of Nuclear Power 5.7 Population Exposure (Internal) from Environmental Pollutants 6. Population Exposure from Radiation Accidents 6.1 Windscale, England--The First Major Nuclear Reactor Accident Causes Significant Environmental Contamination 6.2 Palomares, Spain--Atomic Bombs Drop from the Sky, Igniting and Contaminating a Countryside 6.3 Thule, Greenland--A Bomber Crashes and Its Nuclear Weapons Ignite 6.4 Rocky Flats, Colorado--A Case History in Environmental Plutonium Contamination from an Industrial Plant 6.5 Gabon, Africa--Site of Nature's Own Nuclear Reactor 6.6 Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania--A Nation Confronts the Awesome Presence of the Atom 6.7 Chernobyl 6.8 Nuclear Power from the Perspective of the Three Mile Island and the Chernobyl Accidents 7. Nuclear Weapons--Ready for Armageddon PART SEVEN: EXPOSURE TO NONIONIZING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION 1. Electromagnetic Fields--Quantities, Units, and Maxwell's Equations 1.1 The Electric Field 1.2 The Magnetic Field 1.3 Maxwell's Equation for Faraday's Law of Induction 1.4 Maxwell's Equation for Ampere's Law as Modified for the Displacement Current 1.5 The Interactions of Electric and Magnetic Fields in a Medium 2. Interaction of Fields from Electric Power Lines with the Body 3. The Physics of Radiating Electromagnetic Fields 3.1 The Derivation of Equations for Electromagnetic Waves from Maxwell's Equations 3.2 Electromagnetic Waves Generated by a Sinusoidal Oscillator 3.3 Relationships of Photons and Waves 4. Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation in the Body 4.1 Penetration of EMF into the Body 4.2 Induced and Contact Currents 5. Specifying Dose to Tissue from Electromagnetic Fields 5.1 The Production of Heat as the Main Biological Effect 5.2 Resonance--A Special Concern in Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation 5.3 The Specific Absorption Rate--The Basic Quantity for Assessment of Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation 6. Devices That Produce Electromagnetic Fields 6.1 Antennas 6.2 Cellular Phone Networks 6.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 6.4 Video Display Terminals 7. Making Measurements of ELF and Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields 8. Standards for Protection against Electromagnetic Fields 8.1 Power Lines 8.2 Radiofrequency Standards 8.3 Telecommunications Standards 8.4 Microwave Ovens 8.5 Video Display Units 8.6 Static Magnetic and Electric Fields 8.7 Comparison of Basic Limits for Ionizing and Nonionizing Radiation 9. Medical Findings on Humans 9.1 Static Magnetic Fields 9.2 Extremely Low Frequencies, Including Power Lines 9.3 Radiofrequencies 10. Effects on Animals--Basic Research 11. Exposures from Environmental Fields 11.1 Broadcasting: The Dominant Source of RF Radiation in the Environment 11.2 Radar Installations for Civilian and Military Purposes 11.3 Transmitters for Cellular Phone Systems 11.4 Power lines 11.5 Home and Office 12. Effects of Electromagnetic Interference on Pacemakers 13. Exposures to Patients and Staff from Medical Devices 13.1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 14. Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Radiation 15. Beyond Microwaves PART EIGHT: CURRENT ISSUES IN RADIATION PROTECTION: WHERE THE EXPERTS STAND 1. On Electromagnetic Fields 2. On Defining and Regulating the Hazards of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation 2.1 On the Validity of the Linear No-Threshold (LN-T) Theory 2.2 The Exemption from Regulatory Control of Radiation Levels Below Which Causation of Cancer Is Considered Insignificant 3. On Reducing Population Radiation Exposure from Medical and Dental X Rays 4. On the Safety of Nuclear Power 5. On the Hazards of Nuclear Weapons Tests and Underground Explosions 5.1 Hazards to the Public from Fallout from Atmospheric Testing of Nuclear Bombs 5.2 Safety of the Use of Nuclear Explosives Underground for Large-Scale Excavation or Development of Natural Resources 6. On the Consequences to Civilization of an All-Out Thermonuclear War 7. A Personal Statement Appendix I: Problems Appendix II: Data on Selected Radionuclides Appendix III: Some Constants and Conversion Factors Selected Bibliography References Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisProvides the advanced scanning technologies and their clinical applications in both adult and paediatric patients. This title covers the entire gamut of organ systems and body parts where this modality is useful. It also provides the ultrasound practitioner with a comprehensive guide to image diagnosis and interpretation.Trade Review"All sections have been completely revised and brought up to date with extensive lists of references. Furthermore, there has been a determined effort to place the role of ultrasound in context with other radiological modalities such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.Undoubtedly [...] the standard reference work for all who use ultrasound in their clinical practice." Ultrasound (The Journal of the British Medical Ultrasound Society), Aug 2011Table of ContentsVolume 1 Section One: Physics and Basic Principles Basic Physics of Medical Ultrasound Basic Equipment Components and Image Production Practical Ultrasound-using scanners and optimizing ultrasound images Safety Artefacts in B-mode Scanning Ultrasonic Contrast Agents Section Two: Abdomen Liver: Anatomy and Scanning Techniques Liver: Diffuse Parenchymal Liver Disease Liver: Infections and Inflammations Focal Liver Lesions/Echo Enhancing Agents and the Liver Biopsy Techniques and RF Ablation Vascular Disorders of the Liver Liver Transplantation Section Three: Gallbladder and Bile Ducts Gallbladder and Billiary tree Intraoperative Ultrasound Section Four: Pancreas and Spleen Pancreas Spleen Section Five: Gastrointestinal Tract Oesophagus & Stomach Small Intestine Appendix, Colon and Rectum Section Six: Kidneys and Urinary System Kidneys: Anatomy and Technique Pelvi-Ureteric Dilatation Medical Diseases of the Kidney Infectious Diseases of the Kidney Vascular Disorders of the Kidney Renal Cystic Disorders Solid Renal Masses Renal Transplantation Ultrasound of the bladder? The Prostate & Seminal Vesicles Diseases of the Testis and Epididymis Ultrasound of the Penis Adrenals Section Seven: Gynaecology Pelvic Anatomy and Scanning Techniques Ovaries Uterus and Vagina Gynaecological Intervention Techniques Ultrasound Assessment of Fertility The First Trimester, Gynaecological aspects VOLUME 2 Section Eight: Other Abdominal Applications The Abdominal Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava Abdominal Wall, Peritoneum, Retroperitoneum Abdominal Trauma Interventional Ultrasound in the Abdomen Section Nine: Head and Neck Thyroid & Parathyroid Ultrasound of the Neck Cervical Lymph nodes The Eye and Orbit Carotids, Vertebrals and TCD Section Ten: Chest and Breast Breast Lung, Pleura and Chest Wall Section Eleven: Musculoskeletal System Musculoskeletal Ultrasound - Introduction Ultrasound of the Shoulder Ultrasound of the Elbow Ultrasound of the Wrist & Hand Ultrasound of the Adult Hip and Groin Ultrasound of the Knee Ultrasound of the Ankle and Foot Ultrasound of Soft Tissue Masses Ultrasound Imaging in Rheumatological Disease Sonography of Muscle Injury Ultrasound of the Peripheral Nerves Interventional Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Section Twelve: Peripheral Arteries and Veins Peripheral Arteries Peripheral Veins Section Thirteen: Paediatric Aspects The Neonatal Brain Head & Neck Masses in Children The Infant Spine Paediatric Chest Paediatric Liver and Bile Ducts, Gallbladder, Spleen and Pancreas Paediatric Bowel and Mesentery The Paediatric Renal Tract and Adrenal Gland The Paediatric Uterus, Ovaries and Testes Paediatric Musculoskeletal Imaging

Read more less

Book SynopsisSuitable for all those who work in the Emergency Department, this book offers step-by-step analytical approaches which help them to answer this question: "These images look normal to me, but... how can I be sure that I am not missing a subtle but important abnormality?"Trade Review"It contains just the right amount of information to accommodate readers from trainees through to consultant or attending level; it can just as easily be used for revision as it can for reference". Reviewed by African Journal of Emergency Medicine , Jun 2015 "Since the publication of the first edition in 1995, this book has been essential reading for anyone working in the acute world of a casualty department. This book will provide essential reading and support to A&E trainees, medical students, radiology trainees, reporting radiographers and clinical nurse specialists, all of whom may be faced with trauma cases requiring accurate diagnosis and treatment. It will [also] remind more senior clinical staff about some of the less frequent signs and principles relating to radiograph interpretation." Reviewed by RAD Magazine, Feb 2015Table of ContentsBasic Principles Skull Face Shoulder Elbow Wrist and Distal Forearm Hand and Fingers Cervical Spine Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Pelvis Hip and Proximal Femur Knee Ankle and Hindfoot Midfoor and Forefoot Chest Abdomen Penetrating Foreign Bodies Swallowed Foreign Bodies Particular Paediatric Points Glossary

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart 1 Bones Spine Joints Soft tissues Respiratory tract Cardiovascular system Abdomen and gastrointestinal tract Hepatobiliary, pancreas and spleen Adrenals, urinary tract, testes and prostate Gynaecology & obstetrics Breast Head and neck Brain imaging Paediatrics Nuclear medicine PART 2 Alphabetical list of conditions

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart 1 Introduction 1 The radiographic image Part 2 Radiation physics, equipment and radiation protection 2 The production, properties and interactions of X-rays 3 Dental X-ray generating equipment 4 Image receptors 5 Imaging processing 6 Radiation dose, dosimetry and dose limitation 7 The biological effects associated with X-rays, risk and practical radiation protection Part 3 Radiography 8 Dental radiography - general patient considerations including control of infection 9 Periapical radiography 10 Bitewing radiography 11 Occlusal radiography 12 Oblique lateral radiography 13 Skull and maxillofacial radiography 14 Cephalometric radiography 15 Tomography and panoramic radiography 16 Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) 17 The quality of radiographic images and quality assurance 18 Alternative and specialized imaging modalities Part 4 Radiology 19 Introduction to radiological interpretation 20 Dental caries and the assessment of restorations 21 The periapical tissues 22 The periodontal tissues and periodontal disease 23 Implant assessment 24 Developmental abnormalities 25 Radiological differential diagnosis - describing a lesion 26 Differential diagnosis of radiolucent lesions of the jaws 27 Differential diagnosis of lesions of variable radiopacity in the jaws 28 Bone diseases of radiological importance 29 Trauma to the teeth and facial skeleton 30 The temporomandibular joint 31 The maxillary antra 32 The salivary glands Bibliography and suggested reading Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis popular pocket atlas helps readers rapidly identify key anatomic structures of the neck, abdomen, female pelvis, and male genitalia on ultrasound scans...and shows how to distinguish these structures from artifacts. The thoroughly revised Second Edition features 74 sharp, new images obtained with state-of-the-art ultrasound technology.Each page presents a high-resolution image that is clearly labeled to point out anatomic landmarks. Directly above the image are a key to the labels and a thumbnail illustration that orients the reader to the plane of view (sagittal, axial, or coronal). This format--sharp images, orienting thumbnails, and clear keys--enables readers to identify features with unprecedented speed and accuracy. Praise for the previous edition: "Recommend that this atlas be in the pocket of all neophyte abdominal ultrasonographers and all first-year radiology residents. It should also be available in all radiology departments."-- Radiology

Read more less