Medical ethics and professional conduct Books

Book SynopsisBioethics is the philosophical study of the ethical controversies brought about by advances in biology and medicine. Bioethicists are concerned with the ethical questions that arise in the relationships among life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law, philosophy, and theology. This book presents research in the expansive field of bioethics including biomedical ethics in obstetrics, ethical decision making in the health care system, the feasibility of using human oocytes for stem cell research, as well as mandatory circumcision in Sub-Saharan Africa to prevent HIV and AIDS and environmental ethics to preserve the world for future generations.

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Book SynopsisIn this volume, written in honour of the eightieth birthday of Professor Shimon Glick, world renowned experts in the field of medical ethics struggle with the question of how to weigh the respective values of autonomy, altruism and authority in dealing with real life bioethical dilemmas.

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Book SynopsisIn the past 50 years, ethical concerns concerning human experimentation have arisen with the advancement of new medical research and technology. While the benefits of human experimentation are well known in the fields of biology, psychology, sociology, and medicine, the conditions of human subject research have been persistently controversial. This book discusses ethical perspectives, emerging developments and global challenged of patient rights. Topics include effective medical informed consent; rights to health and dental care; the ethics of HIV screening targeted to the seriously mentally ill; and problems in ethics for medical publication.

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with various facets of the human right to health: its normative profile as a universal right, current political and legal conflicts and contextualized implementation in different healthcare systems. The authors come from different countries and disciplines - law, political science, ethics, medicine etc. - and bring together a broad variety of academic and practical perspectives.The volume contains selected contributions of the international conference "The Right to Health - an Empty Promise?" held in September 2015 in Berlin and organized by the Emerging Field Initiative Project "Human Rights in Healthcare" (University of Erlangen-Nürnberg).

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Book SynopsisThis collection features comprehensive overviews of the various ethical challenges in organ transplantation. International readings well-grounded in the latest developments in the life sciences are organized into systematic sections and engage with one another, offering complementary views. All core issues in the global ethical debate are covered: donating and procuring organs, allocating and receiving organs, as well as considering alternatives. Due to its systematic structure, the volume provides an excellent orientation for researchers, students, and practitioners alike to enable a deeper understanding of some of the most controversial issues in modern medicine.

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Book SynopsisPrenatal diagnosis, especially noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), has changed the experience of pregnancy, prenatal care and responsibilities in Israel and Germany in different ways. These differences reflect the countries' historical legacies, medico-legal policies, normative and cultural identities. Building on this observation, the contributors of this book present conversations between leading scholars from Israel and Germany based on an empirical bioethical perspective, analyses about the reshaping of 'life' by biomedicine, and philosophical reflections on socio-cultural claims and epistemic horizons of responsibilities. Practices and discussions of reproductive medicine transform the concepts of responsibility and irresponsibility.

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Book SynopsisIn our time of well-publicized health care travails, in the USA and the UK and elsewhere, matters of financing too often subsume the dimension of patient care. In his latest book, Alexander L. Gungov studies a vital but neglected aspect of patient safety. Of the thousands of medical errors committed on a daily basis, in the bulk of unfortunate clinical decisions, a significant share pertains to various logical flows and epistemological fallacies. By focusing on the logical dimensions of clinical medicine, Gungov promotes awareness of the logical and epistemological traps that lie in the day-to-day care of patients. Such a focus not only allows us to avoid falling into them, but demonstrates the practical value of looking at medicine from a new philosophical perspective. That perspective involves a broad and unusual collection of philosophers. The discussion takes its starting point from J. S. Mills inductive methods and Giambattista Vicos verum-factum principle, but then sets out a unique combination of Charles Sanders Peirces abductive reasoning, Immanuel Kants reflective judgment, as well as G. W. F. Hegels and D. P. Verenes speculative thinking, all marshalled to present a novel philosophical account of clinical diagnostics. Interpretation of practical examples elucidate the logical aspect of medical errors and suggests strategies of overcoming them. The book as a whole demonstrates the value of Hans-Georg Gadamers hermeneutical insights into the enigmatic character of health. This much-needed book will be of interest to medical practitioners, health policy-makers, patients and their families, and to advanced students and scholars in medicine, the medical humanities, medical epistemology, and the philosophy of medicine in general.

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Book SynopsisThe practice of palliative care and hospice is filled with overt and sometimes covert ethical challenges. These challenges are addressed by leading international palliative care and hospice scholars under three main domains: care delivery systems; addressing the many dimensions of suffering; and difficult decisions near the end of life.Trade ReviewThis is a very good read, not just for professionals working in the field, but for other disciplines, who would like to know more about the origins of palliative care and its relationship to other disciplines. * Christin Bird, The Australian Pain Society *This is a good synopsis of the range of ethical issues encountered in palliative care, including the delivery of services, patient suffering and physician-assisted dying. * Dr. Roger Woodruff, IAHPC Book Reviews *While there is not a standard format imposed on each chapter, the contributors often use clinical cases to illustrate the related ethical challenges. The attention to both breadth and depth of these issues contributes to the book's relevance. ... In addition to practitioners of palliative care, students in health-related fields or those with an interest in bioethics might find this book relevant. * Doody's Health Sciences Book Review *This outstanding essay collection, edited by Quill and Miller, provides a survey of the clinical and ethical dilemmas clinicians face in palliative care contexts, mainly, but not exclusively, at life's end. The volume helpfully provides perspectives from the diverse disciplines represented in a contemporary palliative care team, general physicians, psychiatrists, nurses, etc. and the diverse locations in which palliative care takes place, from in-home hospice to inpatient hospital settings. The book treats the major ethical topics that arise in most clinical contexts; this includes issues related to pediatric cases, and also shared decision making and substituted judgment. [B]ecause of the clinical chapters, the book is best suited for health sciences libraries and professional programs in medicine and nursing. Highly recommended. * A. W. Klink, CHOICE *This outstanding essay collection, edited by Quill (Univ. of Rochester) and Miller (National Institutes of Health), provides a survey of the clinical and ethical dilemmas clinicians face in palliative care contexts, mainly, but not exclusively, at life's end. The volume helpfully provides perspectives from the diverse disciplines represented in a contemporary palliative care team, general physicians, psychiatrists, nurses, etc. and the diverse locations in which palliative care takes place, from in-home hospice to inpatient hospital settings. * Choice *Table of ContentsSection I: Introduction and Overview Chapter 1: Introduction (Timothy E. Quill and Franklin G. Miller) Chapter 2: Hospice (Charles von Gunten) Chapter 3: Palliative Care (Susan D. Block) Section II. Ethical Challenges within Current Systems of Care Chapter 4: Emerging Complexities in Pediatric Palliative Care (Renee Boss and Nancy Hutton) Chapter 5: Patient-Centered Ethos in an Era of Cost Control: Palliative Care and Healthcare Reform (Diane E. Meier and Emily Warner) Chapter 6: Palliative Care, Ethics and Interprofessional Teams (Sally A. Norton, Deborah Waldrop, and Robert Gramling) Section III. Addressing Dimensions of Suffering Chapter 7: Pain Relief and Palliative Care (Nathan Cherny) Chapter 8: Management of Dyspnea (Thomas W. LeBlanc, David C. Currow, Jane L. Phillips, and Amy Abernethy) Chapter 9: Diagnosis and Treatment of Delirium (Maxine De la Cruz and Eduardo Bruera) Chapter 10: Psychosocial and Psychiatric Suffering (Yesne Alici, Kanan Modhwadia, William S. Breitbart) Chapter 11: Capacity and Shared Decision-Making in Serious Illness (Ronald M. Epstein and Vikki Entwistle) Section IV. Difficult Decisions Near the Very End of Life Chapter 12: Withholding and Withdrawing Life-Sustaining Treatments (Robert D. Truog) Chapter 13: Medical Futility: Content in the Context of Care (Peggy Determeyer and Howard Brody ) Chapter 14: Palliative Sedation (J. Andrew Billings) Chapter 15: Voluntarily Stopping Eating and Drinking (Emily Rubin and James L. Bernat) Chapter 16: Physician Assisted Death (Timothy E. Quill and Franklin Miller) Chapter 17 17a: Lessons from Legalized Physician Assisted Death in Oregon and Washington: (Linda Ganzini) 17b: Physician Assisted Death in Western Europe: The Legal and Empirical Situation (Heleen Weyers)

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a new argument attacking the view that if the foetus has the moral standing of a person it has a right to life and abortion is impermissible. Most discussion of abortion has assumed that this premise is correct, and so has focused on the question of the personhood of the foetus. Frances Kamm, however, argues that abortion can be moral even if the foetus is indeed a person.Trade ReviewKamm is probably the most sophisticated deontologist writing on normative issues today ... Kamm's discussion is a major contribution to the literature. * Shelly Kagan, University of Illinois *

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Book SynopsisThis book constructs a virtue-based ethics for medicine and health care. Beginning with the problem of relating virtues to principles, the authors develop a theory that this linkage lies in the goals of medicine and the nature of medical practice as a moral community. Specific virtues such as trust, compassion, prudence, justice, courage, temperance, and self-effacement are discussed in separate chapters. The book ends by examining how a virtue-based ethic of medicine makes a difference in analysing problems like caring for the poor, research on human subjects, whether the medical virtues can be taught in professional training, and how a refurbished philosophy of medicine can enhance medicine and health care in the future.Trade Review...the book is impressive and important because it attempts to systematize the insights of virtue theory and medical ethics and to place these insights into the larger framework of moral philosophy. * Theoretical Medicine *This provocative and articulate study is a significant contribution to the literature. It should certainly be read by every serious physician and ethicist. * Richard M. Zaner, Vanderbilt University, Academic Medicine, Volume 69, Number 9, September 1994 *Pellegrino and Thomasma are arguably among the most influential authors now writing about the moral nature of physicianhood. * Jonathan B. Imber, Wellesley College, New England Journal of Medicine, July 1994 *The authors present an excellent introduction to current tides in bioethics ... An interesting, well-reasoned and well-written work with insight. Upper-division undergraduate through professional. * J.E. Allen, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Choice, Sep '94 *a lucid, thoughtful, and impressively organized description of the philosophical foundation of virtue-based ethics ... The Virtues in Medical Practice is a splendid book. It reads well; it is not pedantic; it is intellectually stimulating and morally refreshing; it expands our intellectual horizons; it illuminates our shortcomings and nourishes our capabilities without a trace of condescension or pontification. I urge every physician who has concerns about the moral climate of our troubled ethical scene to read this treatise. He or she will be comforted and educated by such an effort. * Bernard H. Adelson, JAMA, October 1994, Vol. 272, No.16 *The main message of the book is its call for the resuscitation of virtue and the restoration of the moral force of the medical community. * Joanna Pasek, Journal of Medical Ethics 1995, 21 *a book to be warmly recommended to all students of medical ethics and anyone else serially interested in the subject * Agneta Sutton, Ethics & Medicine 1995 11.2 *Table of ContentsPART I: Theory 1: Virtue Theory 2: The Link Between Virtues, Principles, Duties 3: Medicine as a Moral Community 4: The Ends of Medicine and its Virtues PART II: The Virtues in Medicine 5: Fidelity to Trust 6: Compassion 7: Phronesis: The Indispensable Virtue of Medicine 8: Justice 9: Fortitude 10: Temperance 11: Integrity 12: Self-Effacement PART III: The Practice of Virtue 13: How Does Virtue Make a Difference? 14: Can the Medical Virtues be Taught? 15: Postscript: An Integral Medical Ethics

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Book SynopsisThis timely and definitive book examines the nature, scope and proper place of the Nuremberg Code in medical research. Nuremberg has not only played a pivotal role in the ethics and law of human experimentation, it is also a seminal event in the history of codes of human ethics. This book analyses Nazi medicine and its role in setting the standards for human experimentation, and traces the role the Code has played in shaping research ethics and regulation from 1947 to the present.Trade Reviewfine collection of seventeen essays, written by prominent scholars in the field ... makes me appreciate the Nuremberg Code as a radical innovation in its time and as a milestone in the development of the consent doctrine in human experimentation ... renews my respect for the importance of institutional review boards as they struggle to implement the spirit of the Nuremberg Code by ensuring proper consent and protecting subects' welfare in today's research world. * Theoretical Medicine *This laudable collection of essays does much to dispel the confusion and put the whole episode in a proper perspective for those of us who need to know ... this volume of essays is well worth reading. * Claire Gilbert Foster, King's College, London, Journal of Medical Ethics, 1995, 21 *Table of Contents1: George J. Annas and Michael A. Grodin: Introduction and Overview Part I: The Nazi Doctors and the Medical Experiments 2: Robert Proctor, Ph.D.: Nazi Doctors, Racial Medicine and Human Experimentation 3: Christian Pross, M.D.: Nazi Doctors, German Medicine and the Fight for Historical Truth 4: Eva Mozes-Kor, B.S.: The Mengele Twins and Human Experimentation: A Personal Account Part II: The Doctor's Trial and the Nuremberg Code 5: Telford Taylor, LL.B., LL.D.: Opening Statement of the Prosecution 6: Judgement and Aftermath 7: Michael A. Grodin, M.D.: Historical Origins of the Nuremberg Code Part III: The Role of Codes in International and U.S. Law 8: The Nuremberg Code Revisited: An International Overview, Sharon Perley, B.A., et al. 9: Robert Drinan S.J., J.D.: The War Crimes Trials: The Nuremberg Principles as Human Rights Protection in International Law 10: Leonard H. Glantz, J.D.: The Influence of the Nuremberg Code on United States Statutes and Regulations 11: George J. Annas, J.D., M.P.H.: The Nuremberg Code in the United States Courts: Ethics Vs. Expediency Part IV: The Nuremberg Code: Ethics and Modern Medical Research 12: Jay Katz, M.D.: The Consent Principles of the Nuremberg Code: Its Significance for Then and Now 13: Ruth Machlin, Ph.D.: Universality of the Nuremberg Code: Are Ethics Relative to Time and Geography? 14: Arthur Caplan, Ph.D.: No Comparison: The Doctor's Trial and Analogies to the Holocaust in Contemporary Bioethics Debates 15: Marcia Angell, M.D.: Editorial Responsibility: Protecting Human Rights by Restricting Publication of Unethical Research 16: Wendy K. Mariner, J.D., M.P.H.: Contemporary Therapeutic AIDS Research and the Legacy of the Nuremberg Code Conclusion 17: George J. Annas, J.D., M.P.H. and Michael A. Grodin, M.D.: Where do We Go From Here?

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Book SynopsisOne of the most challenging tasks facing clinicians today is the assessment of patients'' capacities to consent to treatment. The protection of a patient''s right to decide, as well as the protection of incompetent patients from the potential harm of the decisions they might make, rests largely on clinicians'' abilities to judge patients'' capacities to decide what treatment they will receive.Confusing laws and complex ethical questions surrounding competence to consent to treatment have made the process of competence assessment intimidating for many clinicians. Health professionals - physicians, medical students nad residents, nurses, and mental health practitioners - have long needed a consice guidebook that translates the issue for practice. This is what this book accomplishes. The aurthors describe the place of competence in the doctrine of informed consent and show how assessments of competence to consent to treatment can be structured by using a specific set of general medical anTrade Review"A clinical masterpiece. Drs. Grisso and Appelbaum have written a practical, clinical gude to assessing an individual's competence to consent to treatment. Their scholarly reviews and focused clinical vignettes make this volume an essential element of all physicians' personal libraries."--Thomas N. Wise, M.D., Chairman, Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University "...an insanely competent exercise in logic and clarity."--The Journal of Clinical Research Best Practices "Every few decade comes a book so influential that the history of the entire field is divided into 'before' and 'after'. Assessing Competence to Consent to Treatment is such a book: a clinical, legal, and scientific accomplishment so complete that it will be the odd reader who does not turn the final page and think, 'this is what scholarship should be.' A staggering accomplishment!"--John Monahan, Ph.D., Doherty Professor of Law, University of Virginia "Those who teach about informed consent, as well as those who consult on this issue, routinely turn to the works of Paul Appelbaum and Tom Grisso for guidance. Their previous academic work in this field has been excellent and this new volume is no exception....The emphasis in this book is on the clinical aspects of informed consent. The chapters are structured with helpful guidance in dealing with the dilemmas that often arise when competence is assessed....This book represents yet another significant contribution by Grisso and Appelbaum to the field of law and medicine. More importantly, and most successfully, it is a useful clinical volume that should be readily available to all consultation clinicians."--Psychosomatics "...a well-elaborated and thorough description of the subsequent steps that have to be taken to minimize the risk of neglecting important aspects in this complicated procedure. Therefore this book is essential for physicians and clinical psychologists working with cognitively impaired patients."--Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy "A clinical masterpiece. Drs. Grisso and Appelbaum have written a practical, clinical guide to assessing an individual's competence to consent to treatment. Their scholarly reviews and focused clinical vignettes make this volume an essential element of all physicians' personal libraries."--Thomas N. Wise, M.D., Chairman, Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University "Every few decade comes a book so influential that the history of the entire field is divided into 'before' and 'after'. Assessing Competence to Consent to Treatment is such a book: a clinical, legal, and scientific accomplishment so complete that it will be the odd reader who does not turn the final page and think, 'this is what scholarship should be.' A staggering accomplishment!"--John Monahan, Ph.D., Doherty Professor of Law, University of Virginia "This is a very practical and useful book for any clinician who provides treatment to patients for whom competence to consent is an issue. It is quite user-friendly, with convenient chapter summaries and many illustrative clinical vignettes."--Doody's Journal Noted in Annals of Internal Medicine "In daily practice, it is physicians who frequently determine whether patients lack decision-making capacity. Assessing Competence to Consent to Treatment is a concise, lucid, wise, and practical book on how to do so....This book provides extremely useful guidance."--The New England Journal of Medicine "This book will appeal to anyone who has ever struggled with difficult decisions on the treatment of individuals who are dubiously competent to consent. Using frequent and relevant clinical examples, the authors, who are acknowledged experts in biomedical ethics, explore the concepts on which competency to consent is founded."--Annals of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada "Once in a great while comes a book that is of major significance in a professional field. This relatively small book is one of those seminal works. The authors, both nationally known figures in the field of law and mental health, present a very practical guide, written in a clear, concise, and useful manner, to assessing patients' competency to consent to treatment....Together, they have accomplished a tour de force in the field of psychiatry and law."--Psychiatric Services "Grisso and Appelbaum have given us a complete and concise description of the law, theoretical considerations, and an operational model for determining competency to consent to treatment . . . . This work is truly a guide for the assessment of competence to consent to treatment. Anyone who develops an understanding of what is written here will be competent to determine this type of competency. Even those who think they know how to do it can benefit from reading this book. It's like a brief refresher course and highly recommended." The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease "This book, written by two authors who have written extensively about the topic of health care decision-making and issues of capacity/competence, provides an in-depth history and delineation of the process of informed consent." -- Louise Schmitt, PhD, Clinical Gerontologist "The authors, using superb clinical vignettes, flesh out the use of these elements, discussing them in the context of the demainds of the situation. This is the subject of the first half of the book: an even-handed and lucid discussion of the anatomy and physiology of the consent process. The second half is a data-based application of these principles. The utility of the instrument lies in the validity of the underlying concepts. The ease of administration, the reliability of an assessment protocol, and the fact of making a record. From a preventive risk-management point of view, such information is gold." -- The Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 28/Summer 2000 "It would be hard to find greater authorities internationally on this topic than Thomas Grisso and Paul S. Appelbaum of the Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts. Their book Assessing Competence to Consent to Treatment: A Guide for Physicians and Other Health Professionals provides all you could possibly want to know about the principle of consent to treatment and what is required to be able to give valid consent.""Where Grisso and Appelbaum are ground-breaking is it in their introduction of a structured clinical instructment to assess capacity.""This book provides the most comprehensive examination of the topic available and more than enough preparation to cope with the increased importance of this clinical topic."--Journal of Forensic PsychiatryTable of Contents1. Why Competence is Important - The Doctrine of Informed Concent ; 2. Thinking About Competence ; 3. Abilities Related to Competence ; 4. When Patients' Decision Making Should be Assessed ; 5. Assessing Patients' Capacities to Consent to Treatment ; 6. Using the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool - Treatment ; 7. Making Judgements About Patients' Competence ; 8. Substitute Decision-Making

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Book SynopsisWhy is death bad for us, even on the assumption that it involves the absence of experience? Whom should we save from death if we cannot save everyone? Kamm considers these questions, critically examining some answers other philosophers have given.Trade ReviewThis is an intellectually challenging work which raises and discusses issues which should be widely debated, not only by specialists but by the public at large. * Journal of the Institute of Health Education *Kamm is probably the most sophisticated deontologist writing on normative issues today. * Shelley Kagan, University of Illinois *

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Book SynopsisKamm explores questions of life and death as illustrations of general issues in moral theory. Resuming her development of non- consequentialist ethical theory and its application to practical ethical problems, she explores the distinction between killing and letting die, between harming and not aiding, and between intending and foreseeing harm.Trade Review"Kamm's book is a brilliant and powerful defense of the deontological perspective concerning the morality of killing. It is arguably the most impressive book-length treatment of substantive ethics since Derek Parfit's Reasons and Persons was published over a decade ago...[H]er painstakingly meticulous case method yields a wealth of important insights."--Ethics"...an impressive display of Francis Kamm's talent for discerning hard-to-see but morally salient differences between apparently similar cases. This, in conjunction with its several theoretical innovations, make the book well worth reading."--The Philosophical Review

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Book SynopsisOver the last several decades, bioethicists have championed a bewildering variety of methods for understanding and resolving difficult ethical problems in medicine, including: principlism, wide reflective equilibrium, casuistry, feminism, virtue theory, narrative, and others. Much of this advocacy overlooks the limitations of the favored method, and also neglects the strengths found in alternative approaches.Tom Tomlinson systematically uncovers and evaluates both the strengths and limits of a variety of ethical tools, and in so doing develops a comprehensive appreciation of the roles that various methods can play in deepening our understanding of ethical problems in medicine, and in supporting well-grounded judgments about what to do. He critically evaluates each method to identify both limits and advantages, which he then illustrates through discussion of specific cases and controversies. Tomlinson not only demonstrates that there is no single method adequate to the task, but tries tTrade ReviewNo other bioethics book so adroitly combines methodological survey with critical synthesis as this one does... This book should be regarded as mandatory reading for all serious students of medical ethics. * Doody's Notes, Jan 2013 *Table of ContentsIntroduction ; Chapter 1: The Indispensability of Principles ; Chapter 2: The Limits of Principles ; Chapter 3: Putting Principles in Context: Balancing, Specification and Reflective Equilibrium ; Chapter 4: Casuistry: Ruled by Cases ; Chapter 5: Narrative Ethics: The Uses of Stories ; Chapter 6: Feminism, Context and Care ; Chapter 7: Virtue Theory ; Chapter 8: Fitting Methods to Cases

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Book SynopsisWhat is it like to be sued for medical malpractice? Bad medical outcomes traumatize patients but they also traumatize physicians. The litigation that often follows is a profoundly human, rather than just a legal experience. Although every physician''s case is different, this book shows how each case goes through the same judicial stages of complaint, discovery, depositions, motions, and delays that lead to trial, settlement, or being dropped. It also gives doctors an understanding of how lawyers think and work to help defendants. Written by a physician and a lawyer, the book provides unique insights - through real-life stories - into the personal experience of litigation as well as recommendations for dealing with each of the legal process. It also includes up-to-date reviews of HIPAA legislation, the controversial subject of disclosure, and recent developments in the law affecting medical practitioners. Only about thirty percent of plaintiffs win their cases against doctors, but the jTrade Review"This book is the ultimate resoruce for physicians facing litigation...excellent case histories."--Doody's Book Review Service "The book educates physicians about the legal steps they can expect and provides information on how lawyers think and work to help defendants. The book also covers the controversial topic of disclosure."--ACOG Clinical Review "This book is a prime example of a book about which many will say. 'I wish I read this book before!' It is well written, thoughtful, and full of practical advice."--Annals of Clinical Psychiatry "The sentinel work on the management of litigation stress, Charles and Frisch's Physician's Guide: Adverse Events, Stress and Litigation teaches that in certain predisposed physicians, such as those with preexisting trauma or depression, severe or prolonged stress reactions to litigation are more likely...seems more complete, better balanced, and more immediately useful to physicians experiencing litigation stress."--JAMA "This book is the ultimate resource for physicians facing litigation...excellent case histories."--Doody's Book Review Service "The book educates physicians about the legal steps they can expect and provides information on how lawyers think and work to help defendants. The book also covers the controversial topic of disclosure."--ACOG Clinical Review "This book is a prime example of a book about which many will say. 'I wish I read this book before!' It is well written, thoughtful, and full of practical advice."--Annals of Clinical Psychiatry "The sentinel work on the management of litigation stress, Charles and Frisch's Physician's Guide: Adverse Events, Stress and Litigation teaches that in certain predisposed physicians, such as those with preexisting trauma or depression, severe or prolonged stress reactions to litigation are more likely...seems more complete, better balanced, and more immediately useful to physicians experiencing litigation stress."--JAMATable of ContentsPROLOGUE - FOUR DAYS IN THE NINETIES ; GLOSSARY

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Book SynopsisAll persons, while different from one another, have the same value: this is the author''s relatively uncontroversial starting point. Her end point is no uncontroversial: an ideal of justice as human flourishing, based on each person''s unique set of capabilities. Because the book''s focus is women''s health care, gender justice, a necessary component of justice, is central to examination of the issues. Classical pragmatists and feminist standpoint theorists are enlisted in support of a strategy by which gender justice is promoted.Two features of the book are unique: (1) the topics presented cover the entire life span of women, not just those related to reproduction; (2) a range of views about moral status are applied not only to fetuses but also to individuals already born. Attention to these features is intended to facilitate ethical consistency or moral integrity and respect for those who hold different moral views.While delineating and defending the book''s perspective, the first section provides an overview of bioethics, critiques prevalent approaches to bioethics and models of the physician-patient relationship, and sketches distinguishing aspects of women''s health care that are prevalently neglected. Positions about moral status are also present.The second section identifies topics that are indirectly as well as directly related to women''s health, such as domestic violence and caregiving. Brief cases illustrate variables relevant to each topic. Empirical and theoretical considerations follow each set of cases; these are intended to precipitate more expansive and critical examination of the issues raised.The last section is devoted to an egalitarian ideal that may be pursued through an ethic of virtue or supererogation rather than obligation. By embracing this ideal, according to the author, moral agents support a more demanding level of morality than guidelines or laws require.Trade Reviewone of the nice aspects of this book is the extensive body cases that Mahowald employs. While other works in medical ethics tend to either present an abundance of cases without any analysis or a small number of cases with extensive analysis, this book succeeds in giving us a text that achieves both a wide range of cases and analyses sufficient to stimulte thoughtful discussion. * Leah McClimans, Ethical Theory and Moral Practice *Mahowald succeeds in presenting a diverse series of bioethical issues relating to women's health. Her analysis is often sophisticated and original. * Medical Health Care and Philosophy journal *her [Mahodwald's] ethics stand as a postmodern ideal * Michele Pridmore-Brown, TLS01/06/07 *This is a well-written, thought-provoking book and a welcome addition to any library. * Doody's Notes *Table of ContentsPART ONE: A BIOETHICS FOR WOMEN; PART TWO: TOPICS, ISSUES, AND CASES; PART THREE: AN EGALITARIAN IDEAL

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Book SynopsisEthics in Mental Health Research explores how ethical issues arise in mental health research and offers guidance to researchers who seek to comply with regulations while conducting research that is both ethical and scientifically credible. Case studies used throughout illustrate a variety of ethical issues and effective problem-solving strategies.Trade ReviewThis compendium of resources is a landmark contribution to the mental health field. * Joseph G. Ponterotto, PsycCritiques, Vol 53, Release 40 *This outstanding book on mental health research ethics certainly will become obligatory reading for anyone contemplating research on mental illness as well as anyone responsible for the ethical and regulatory review of such research. * Doody's Notes *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Why Focus on Mental Health Research? ; 1. Ethics and Regulatory Compliance: Competing or Complementary Approaches? ; 2. An Ethical Framework for Research ; 3. Solving Ethical Problems: Analyzing Ethics Cases and Justifying Decisions Case Study: Willowbrook Revisited ; 4. Informed Consent Case Study: Withholding information on study purpose ; 5. Decision-Making Capacity and the Involvement of Surrogates Case Study: Questionable capacity Case Study: Waiving parental permission ; 6. Thinking about Harms and Benefits Case Study: A study of suicidality with at-risk teens ; 7. Justice in Recruitment and Research Case Study: Reimbursing participants for their time in a psychotherapy trial Case Study: Biological studies of aggressive behavior in preteens ; 8. Research Questions and Study Design Case Study: The ethics of placebo controls ; 9. Protecting Privacy and Confidentiality Case Study: Confidentiality and mandatory reporting ; 10. Identifying and Managing Conflicts of Interest Case Study: Multiple illustrative vignettes

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Book SynopsisThis text focuses on areas of public health practice in which the systematic application of epidemiologic methods can have a large and positive impact. It describes how best to apply traditional epidemiologic methods for determining disease etiology to real-life problems in public health and health services research. Brownson and Petitti''s much-needed book bridges the gap between theoretical epidemiology and public health practice, and covers a number of topics not addressed by other epidemiology texts with a focus on methods. This second edition contains a new chapter on the development and use of systematic reviews and one on epidemiology and the law. Each chapter includes one or more case studies intended to illustrate major points from the chapter and to provide a basis for teaching exercises. All of the chapters are authored by leading experts in the fields of epidemiology and public health, and all are fully revised and updated.Trade Review"A distinguished all-American multi-author offering...Excellent chapters on Public Health Surveillance, Outbreak and Cluster Investigation, and Epidemiologic Issues in Community Interventions."--Public Health "A distinguished all-American multi-author offering...Excellent chapters on Public Health Surveillance, Outbreak and Cluster Investigation, and Epidemiologic Issues in Community Interventions."--Public HealthTable of Contents1. Epidemiology: A Foundation of Public Health ; 2. Public Health Surveillance ; 3. Outbreak and Cluster Investigations ; 4. Systematic Reviews in Public Health ; 5. Epidemiology and Risk Assessment ; 6. Epidemiologic Issues in Community Intervention ; 7. Outcomes Research ; 8. Measuring the Quality of Health Care ; 9. Epidemiology and Health Policy ; 10. Epidemiology and the Law ; 11. Communicating Epidemiologic Information

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Book SynopsisThis is a comprehensive resource of original essays by leading thinkers exploring the newly emerging inter-disciplinary field of the philosophy of psychiatry. The contributors aim to define this exciting field and to highlight the philosophical assumptions and issues that underlie psychiatric theory and practice, the category of mental disorder, and rationales for its social, clinical and legal treatment.As a branch of medicine and a healing practice, psychiatry relies on presuppositions that are deeply and unavoidably philosophical. Conceptions of rationality, personhood and autonomy frame our understanding and treatment of mental disorder. Philosophical questions of evidence, reality, truth, science, and values give meaning to each of the social institutions and practices concerned with mental health care. The psyche, the mind and its relation to the body, subjectivity and consciousness, personal identity and character, thought, will, memory, and emotions are equally the stuff of traTrade Review"The publication of this book is a major event in the ongoing development of the field....a significant accomplishment...it simultaneously represents, announces, and consolidates the arrival of an exciting new field."--Metapsychology Online Book Reviews"Highly recommended."--ChoiceTable of ContentsPART I - PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND NORMALCY ; PART 2 - EPISTEMOLOGY OF PRACTICE ; PART 3 - NORMS, VALUES AND ETHICS ; PART 4 - THEORETICAL MODELS ; PART 5 - CIRCUMSCRIBING MENTAL DISORDER

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Book SynopsisThe central idea behind this book is that we lack consensus on principles for allocating medical resources, and in the absence of such a consensus we must develop and rely on a fair decision-making process for setting limits on health care. The authors provide an analysis of the current situation, reviewing typical solutions, before describing their own approach. The audience for the book is global since the problem of limited resources cuts across all types of health care systems whether or not they have universal coverage.In its first edition Setting Limits Fairly stimulated considerable work on setting priorities in health care. The second edition includes a new chapter on the international response to accountability for reasonableness and two new chapters on applications of the approach in developing countries and in human rights approaches to health.Trade Review"A valuable addition to the discourse on health policy making."--Doody'sTable of Contents1. Our Lives in Whose Hands ; 2. Justice, Scarcity, and Public Accountability for Limits ; 3. The Legitimacy Problem and Fair Process ; 4. Accountability for Reasonableness ; 5. Managing Last-Chance Therapies ; 6. Lung Volume Reduction Surgery: A Case Study ; 7. Making Pharmacy Benefits Accountable for Reasonableness ; 8. Indirect Limit Setting: Accountability for Physician Incentives ; 9. Accountability for Reasonableness in Action: Public Sector Mental Health Care Contracting ; 10. An International Learning Curve ; 11. Learning to Share Medical Resources ; 12. Revisiting the International Learning Curve ; 13. Developing Country Applications of Accountability for Reasonableness ; 14. New Uses for Accountability for Reasonableness ; Conclusion: What Next?

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Book SynopsisSo You Want to Be a Scientist offers readers a glimpse into the job of being a research scientist. It is not intended to be a step-by-step how to book. Rather, it is intended to fill a hole in the education of most would-be scientists, addressing explicitly many issues that are rarely addressed directly in training programs. Starting with thoughts about how to decide whether you''d want to pursue such a career (and if so, how to get started), the book works through some of the obvious topics relevant to a research profession (e.g. how to write a paper, give a talk, construct a grant proposal). It also examines less obvious, but equally important topics that are generally incorporated into a research education only by trial and error-e.g., thinking like a scientist, negotiating scientific politics, dealing with research ethics, and understanding social interactions. Chapters on the challenges and rewards of a career in research science include reflections on science as art and on the soTrade Review"There are too few good books about the positives and negatives of research careers in science, books aimed at young people who need to make choices in high school or college or even in graduate school. Philip A. Schwartzkroin, a neurosurgeon who specializes in epilepsy research, has written such a book. His book has something for everyone from high school through graduate school. His focus is a career in research, and nearly everything he says is equally applicable to careers in all the basic and applied sciences. It's a readable book, and I cannot imagine anyone interested in a career in science not finding it enormously useful."--Dan Agin, as reviewed in The Huffington Post "The author is a professor in the Department of Neurological Surgery at the University of California, Davis. Here, he offers 'an invaluable glimpse into the day-to-day life of the researcher' and gives advice on deciding 'whether you'd want to pursue such a career (and, if so, how to get started.'"--As featured in the "What's New in Sciences books section of Scibook.org and Science Book News "If you're a confused college student, still grasping for some direction in your life, you may have considered a career in research at some point. It's a little daunting to think about, being such a broad field, but Philip Schwartzkroin's helpful book, So You Want to Be a Scientist? makes it surprisingly navigable. Schwartzkroin has obviously experienced what students are going through; his clear and entertaining narrative outlines the whole process, from applying to grad school to working in a faculty position. He explains the challenges and opportunities students will encounter at every step of the journey, and provides advice and encouragement along the way."--As reviewed in The Observer, the student newspaper of Case Western University So You Want to Be a Scientist?...is intended as an introduction to the job of a research scientist. The intended audience is a student in college or high school who is contemplating such a career. However, even graduate students and post-doctoral fellows may also benefit from the perspective of a highly successful scientist who has trained and mentored many people...Dr. Schwartzkroin offers many insights and suggestions and discusses issues that, although obvious to most researchers, many young students may not have contemplated or even be aware of....While it is only a single person's viewpoint, the book is unbiased and general enough to be useful to almost anyone contemplating or starting a career as a research scientist. Readers will find this book useful for focusing their own thoughts and perceptions about research, and, hopefully, helping them to make some decisions regarding their personal path."--Saurabh R. Sinha, MD, PhD, as reviewed in Epilepsy & Behavior "...a crisp new book that should be on the reading list for all young scientists, Philip Schwartzkroin, a Professor of Neuroscience at the University of California Davis, rolls up his sleeves and quickly dispenses with this fairy tale notion of science in which the lone genius dreams up brilliant ideas that change the world. He lays bare the challenges that young scientists will face and the compromises that they may have to make...That the author can engage in these discussions without detracting from the big, beautiful ideas that draw people into science in the first place is a testament to his skill as a writer and mentor...We live in a time of enormous potential for scientific research, but which often feels plagued by a raging epidemic of angst about science as a career. Schwartzkroin's book, combined with a deeper appreciation of the extended value of a PhD, could be a much-needed antidote."--Reviewed by John E. Spiro in Nature NeuroscienceTable of ContentsIntroduction ; 1. Getting Started ; 2. Career Choices and Laboratory Nitty-Gritty ; 3. How to Think like a Scientist ; 4. How to Write a Scientific Paper ; 5. Giving Presentations and Talks ; 6. How to Compose/Submit Grant Applications ; 7. The Politics of Science ; 8. Ethical Conduct of Research ; 9. Scientific Research as a Creative Enterprise ; 10. The Role of the Scientist in Society ; 11. Personal Challenges ; 12. Rewards and Riches

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Book SynopsisPrinciples of Biomedical Ethics, sixth edition, the highly original and now classic biomedical ethics text, focuses on four principles at the core of moral reasoning in health care - respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice - using real-life examples and vivid scenarios.

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Book SynopsisCurrently and for centuries past, sickness has been understood to be primarily the physical result of bodily disease. Yet this definition of illness is out-of-date and untrue to life at a time when chronic illness and the problems of disability and aging are increasingly common. When persons are sick, it pervades their whole being. The Nature of Healing is based on a different definition of sickness, one that recognizes persons as sick when they cannot achieve their goals and purposes because of impairments of function, ranging from the molecular to the spiritual, which they believe to fall under the scope of medicine. Such impairments may result from disease, but certainly not all.As the sick person has increasingly become the focus of medicine, there have been repeated but mostly failed attempts to achieve both technological and humanistic goals in caring for patients. This approach is flawed because there is only one ultimate goal -- the well-being of the patient. Whether it involveTrade ReviewIt will make you think and reflect * IAHPC News *...Eric Cassell has been one of medicine's foremost thinkers about suffering. The Nature of Healing is full of insightfully presented and sometimes moving case histories that help Cassell make a case that practitioners need to hear patients' stories so they can understand them enough to help them move toward healing. * Christian Century *Cassell is a great listener and a natural storyteller. I hope that he will write a third volume in which he develops those stories more fully. * John D. Lantos, The Hastings Center *The Nature of Healing: The Modern Practice of Medicine offers effective and strategic ways to practice patient-centered medicine. [It] offers readers specific ways to reconsider the negative effects of reductionism in medicine, which can manifest as a distancing between clinician and patient as a patient disconnects from the world in descent into illness. * Adrianne Vincent, Journal of Palliative Medicine *Table of ContentsChapter 1 Sickness ; Chapter 2 The Person, Sick or Well ; Chapter 3 Functioning ; Chapter 4 What is Healing? ; Chapter 5 Listening: The Foundation of the Healing Relationship of Patient and Clinician ; Chapter 6 The Evaluation of the Patient ; Chapter 7 Knowing the Patient ; Chapter 8 The Patient's Reaction to Illness ; Chapter 9 The State of Illness ; Chapter 10 Healing the Sick Patient ; Chapter 11 Healing the Suffering Patient ; Chapter 12 Respect for Persons and Autonomy ; Chapter 13 Purposes, Goals, and Well-Being

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Book SynopsisA physician says I have an ethical obligation never to cause the death of a patient, another responds, My ethical obligation is to relieve pain even if the patient dies. The current argument over the role of physicians in assisting patients to die constantly refers to the ethical duties of the profession. References to the Hippocratic Oath are often heard. Many modern problems, from assisted suicide to accessible health care, raise questions about the traditional ethics of medicine and the medical profession. However, few know what the traditional ethics are and how they came into being. This book provides a brief tour of the complex story of medical ethics evolved over centuries in both Western and Eastern culture. It sets this story in the social and cultural contexts in which the work of healing was practised and suggest that, behing the many different perceptions about the ethical duties of physicians, certain themes appear constantly, and may be relevant to modern debates. The booTrade Review"This historical analysis highlights ways in which the reflections on the role of character, moral obligations, and the relationship between the individual and the community (which stimulates contemporary bioethics) have a history that reaches deep into the past and across cultural boundaries...An important resource for a discipline just beginning to discover its historical roots."--Choice "Albert Jonsen, a distiguished theoretician and practitioner of bioethics, has written what is essentially a prehisotry of the field...A Short History of Medical Ethics is a scholarly prologue to the evolving world of contemporary bioethics...Not surprisingly, A Short History of Medical Ethics is at least as useful for what it tells us about earlier societies as it is for what it tells us about bioethics."--New England Journal of Medicine "This historical analysis highlights ways in which the reflections on the role of character, moral obligations, and the relationship between the individual and the community (which stimulates contemporary bioethics) have a history that reaches deep into the past and across cultural boundaries...An important resource for a discipline just beginning to discover its historical roots."--Choice "As Jonsen shows, the history of medical ethics is not short, despite the title of his book. In about one hundred and twenty pages he tells the story of over two thousand years of moral discourse about medicine, covering traditions in both the East and West. Jonsen's tour through time and cultures highlights particular events and persons, and shows that even though there are some cultural differences, common themes coalesce in a long tradition of the ethics of medicine."--Philosophy in ReviewTable of ContentsINTRODUCTION: THE LONG TRADITION OF ETHICS IN MEDICINE

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Table of ContentsIntroduction ; I.Bioethics and Human Rights ; 1.Bioethics and Bioterrorism ; 2.Human Rights and Health ; 3.The Man on the Moon ; 4.The Endangered Human ; 5.The Right to Health ; 6.Capital Punishment ; II.Bioethics and Health Law ; 7.Conjoined Twins ; 8.Patient Rights ; 9.White Coat Police ; 10.Partial Birth Abortion ; 11.The Shadowlands ; 12.Waste and Longing

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Book SynopsisMary Anne Warren explores a theoretical question which lies at the heart of practical ethics: what are the criteria for having moral status? In other words, what are the criteria for being an entity towards which people have moral obligations? Some philosophers maintain that there is one intrinsic property--for instance, life, sentience, humanity, or moral agency. Others believe that relational properties, such as belonging to a human community, are more important. In Part I of the book, Warren argues that no single property can serve as the sole criterion for moral status; instead, life, sentience, moral agency, and social and biotic relationships are all relevant, each in a different way. She presents seven basic principles, each focusing on a property that can, in combination with others, legitimately affect an agent''s moral obligations towards entities of a given type. In Part II, these principles are applied in an examination of three controversial ethical issues: voluntary euthaTrade ReviewThis book is well written, synoptic in its coverage of existing theories of moral status, and most useful for a beginning Contemporary Moral Problems or Medical Ethics class. * Ethics *The logic of the application of the principles she sets forth is clear. Her theory should prompt discussion and help clarify the concept of moral status. Her multicriterial approach for determining moral status has the potential to assist in the struggle to handle the complex moral issues prevalent today.Mary Anne Warren's enterprise, to delineate "obligations to persons and other living things" is potentially fruitful, and of considerable importance. * Mary Warnock, Times Higher Education Supplement *This is a thought-provoking book with much to recommend it. * Liam Clarke, Nursing Ethics *This book is ambitious in the ground it covers, attempting to discuss a number of theories of "moral status", and offer one of its own. It has much in it to interest people concerned about health care (particularly the discussions of euthanasia and abortion), as well as those interested in animal rights and environmental issues. * Journal of Medical Ethics *Table of ContentsPART I: AN ACCOUNT OF MORAL STATUS. 1. THE CONCEPT OF MORAL STATUS; 2. REVERENCE FOR LIFE; 3. SENTIENCE AND THE UTILITARIAN CALCULUS; 4. PERSONHOOD AND MORAL RIGHTS; 5. THE RELEVANCE OF RELATIONSHIPS; 6. A MULTI-CRITERIAL ANALYSIS OF MORAL STATUS. PART II: SELECTED APPLICATIONS. 7. APPLYING THE PRINCIPLES; 8. EUTHANASIA AND THE MORAL STATUS OF HUMAN BEINGS; 9. ABORTION AND HUMAN RIGHTS; 10. ANIMAL RIGHTS AND HUMAN LIMITATIONS; 11. CONCLUSION. BIBLIOGRAPHY; INDEX.

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Book SynopsisEthical Practice in Brain Injury Rehabilitation helps rehabilitation professionals deal effectively with the difficult ethical dilemmas that regularly face them in their daily clinical practice. The book takes a multiprofessional perspective, focusing on issues facing therapists, doctors, nurses, and psychologists, and will also be helpful to relatives of people with acquired brain injury. It treats ethics as a special case of good professional practice and takes a practical psychological approach, looking at the thoughts, feelings, and actions that are involved in taking ethical decisions, carrying them out, and living with their consequences.The book tells the story of brain injury from the patients'' perspective, and argues that patient-centred practice that strives to uphold patient autonomy and support the reconstitution of personal identity is the basis of good rehabilitation. But it also acknowledges the difficulty in delivering patient-centred practice in a context of limited rTrade ReviewWith accessible and clearly written practical ideas, this book is likely to assist a wide range of clinicians in the management of daily ethical issues. * The Psychologist *Table of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. Acquired Brain Injury ; 3. The Person at the Centre of Rehabilitation ; 4. Moral values: What is the right thing? ; 5. Ethical rehabilitation practice ; 6. A heuristic for ethical practice ; 7. Case studies

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Book SynopsisHealthcare ethics has been dominated by the voices of professionals. This book listens to the voices of patients and argues that patients' perceptions should form the core ethical obligations and insights for "good care." This is the ethical meaning of "patient-centered care."Trade ReviewThis is a good resource to highlight the patient perspective for clinicians. The authors allow patient stories to be told with little interruption, preserving an authentic patient voice, and still carry out an effective discussion and analysis of the contributions that these perspectives make to the ethics of healthcare. * Doody's Notes *Table of ContentsIntroduction ; 1. Being a Patient and Living a Life ; 2. Clinical Space and Traits of Healing ; 3. False Starts and Frequent Failures ; 4. Three Journeys ; A. "Ibuprofen and Love" ; B. "Staying Tuned Up" ; C. "We All Want the Same Things" ; 5. Being a Patient: The Moral Field ; 6. Rethinking Healthcare Ethics: The Patient's Moral Authority ; Appendix ; Notes

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Book SynopsisThe Law and Ethics of Medicine: Essays on the Inviolability of Human Life explains the principle of the inviolability of human life and its continuing relevance to English law governing aspects of medical practice at the beginning and end of life.The book shows that the principle, though widely recognized as an historic and foundational principle of the common law, has been misunderstood in the legal academy, at the Bar and on the Bench. Part I of the book identifies the confusion and clarifies the principle, distinguishing it from ''vitalism'' on the one hand and a ''qualitative'' evaluation of human life on the other. Part II addresses legal aspects of the beginning of life, including the history of the law against abortion and its relevance to the ongoing abortion debate in the US; the law relating to the ''morning after'' pill; and the legal status of the human embryo in vitro. Part III addresses legal aspects of the end of life, including the euthanasia debate; the withdrawal of tube-feeding from patients in a ''persistent vegetative state''; and the duty to provide palliative treatment.This unique collection of essays offers a much-needed clarification of a cardinal legal and ethical principle and should be of interest to lawyers, bioethicists, and healthcare professionals (whether they subscribe to the principle or not) in all common law jurisdictions and beyond.Trade ReviewJohn Keowns excellent book The Law and Ethics of Medicine is primarily the work of a lawyer and is written with lawyers and judges in mind; yet few books on the law of medicine are as conversant in important topics of contemporary ethics, especially questions of double effect, the nature of the human act, and the value of human life. * Christopher Tolle fsen, Journal of Moral Philosophy *If you only have one book on your shelf about medical law, this should be it. * Christopher Kaczor, The Public Discourse *[Keown's] attention to detail and clarity of thought are admirable, but he writes in a moderate and reasoned tone and in a manner easily understood whether you are a health care professional, lawyer, politician or just an interested member of the public. The Law and Ethics of Medicine is no exception and is recommended to anyone involved in the discussions about physician-assisted death and perhaps to those thinking about better strategies for advancing palliative care. * Roger Woodruff, IAHPC News *This recent volume by John Keown is a bijou of consistency and rationality. Based on the study of numerous legal documents and cases, it fuses passion with rigor, depth with simplicity, complexity with clarity....Keown offers to his readers an excellent tool and resource to think in-depth about one of th emost significant issues of nowadays: the value of human life. * Marina Casini, Medicine, Health Care & Philosophy *[A] helpful resource. The Law and Ethics of Medicine... is not designed primarily to persuade, but rather to clarify. Keown's project is to clear away obstructions that have gathered around the keystone principle of the inviolability of human life, so that the thing itself comes into view. In this, Keown succeeds. * Adam J MacLeod, Adelaide Law Review *Table of ContentsPART I: (MIS)UNDERSTANDING THE INVIOLABILITY OF LIFE ; 1. The 'Sanctity of Life', 'Best Interests', and 'Autonomy': An Overview ; 2. Surveying the Foundations of Medical Law: A Reassessment of Glanville Williams's The Sanctity of Life and the Criminal Law ; 3. Sir Ian Kennedy and the Value of Life: Building on Glanville Williams's Shaky Foundations? ; 4. Restoring the Inviolability of Life and Replacing the Caricature ; PART II: THE BEGINNING OF LIFE ; 5. Back to the Future of Abortion Law: Roe's Rejection of America's History and Legal Traditions ; 6. 'Morning After' Pills, 'Miscarriage', and Muddle ; 7. The Scope of the Offense of Child Destruction ; 8. The Human Embryo In Vitro: Person, Chattel or Dolphin? ; PART III: THE END(ING) OF LIFE ; 9. The Euthanasia Debate in the House of Lords ; 10. Towards Euthanasia in Europe? Marty, Pretty, and Purdy ; 11. Palliative Care: An Ethical and Legal Duty? ; 12. Restoring Moral and Intellectual Shape to the Law after Bland

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Book SynopsisTo what extent should we use technology to try to make better human beings? Because of the remarkable advances in biomedical science, we must now find an answer to this question. Human enhancement aims to increase human capacities above normal levels. Many forms of human enhancement are already in use. Many students and academics take cognition enhancing drugs to get a competitive edge. Some top athletes boost their performance with legal and illegal substances. Many an office worker begins each day with a dose of caffeine. This is only the beginning. As science and technology advance further, it will become increasingly possible to enhance basic human capacities to increase or modulate cognition, mood, personality, and physical performance, and to control the biological processes underlying normal aging. Some have suggested that such advances would take us beyond the bounds of human nature. These trends, and these dramatic prospects, raise profound ethical questions. They have generatTrade ReviewReview from previous edition An excellent discussion by leading bioethicists of the issues raised by human enhancement. It would be excellent for use in classes devoted to spending at least a few weeks on enhancement, either at the upper-level undergraduate or graduate level. * Robert Streiffer, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews *Human Enhancement gives a thorough and authoritative overview of the current state of this rapidly evolving field. * Greg Bognar, Mind *Table of ContentsPART I - HUMAN ENHANCEMENT IN GENERAL; PART II SPECIFIC ENHANCEMENTS; PART III- ENHANCEMENT AS A PRACTICAL CHALLENGE

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Book SynopsisBiotechnologies already on the horizon will enable us to be smarter, have better memories, be stronger and quicker, have more stamina, live longer, be more resistant to diseases, and enjoy richer emotional lives. To some of us, these prospects are heartening; to others, they are dreadful. In Beyond Humanity a leading philosopher offers a powerful and controversial exploration of urgent ethical issues concerning human enhancement. These raise enduring questions about what it is to be human, about individuality, about our relationship to nature, and about what sort of society we should strive to have. Allen E. Buchanan urges that the debate about enhancement needs to be informed by a proper understanding of evolutionary biology, which has discredited the simplistic conceptions of human nature used by many opponents of enhancement. He argues that there are powerful reasons for us to embark on the enhancement enterprise, and no objections to enhancement that are sufficient to outweigh themTrade ReviewWhether or not the benefits are worth the risks, Buchanan's thought-provoking work deserves careful consideration. * Rev. Ezra Sullivan, National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly *Table of Contents1. The Landscape of the Enhancement Debate ; 2. Enhancement and Human Development Enhancement and Human Development ; 3. Character ; 4. Human Nature and the Natural ; 5. Conservatism and Enhancement ; 6. Unintended Bad Consequences ; 7. Moral Status and Enhancement ; 8. Distributive Justice and the Diffusion of Innovations

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Book SynopsisThe Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics is the first comprehensive and systematic reference on clinical research ethics. Under the editorship of experts from the U.S. National Institutes of Health of the United States, the book''s 73 chapters offer a wide-ranging and systematic examination of all aspects of research with human beings.Considering the historical triumphs of research as well as its tragedies, the textbook provides a framework for analyzing the ethical aspects of research studies with human beings. Through both conceptual analysis and systematic reviews of empirical data, the contributors examine issues ranging from scientific validity, fair subject selection, risk benefit ratio, independent review, and informed consent to focused consideration of international research ethics, conflicts of interests, and other aspects of responsible conduct of research.The editors of The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics offer a work that critically assesses and advancesTrade Review"The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics is the most comprehensive work on this broad topic to date. It sets a high bar for clinical research writing of any kind and, for that matter, textbooks of any kind...It presents thoughtful analyses of each topic by authorities in the field." --The Journal of Clinical Research Best Practices "Overall, the authors have achieved their goals--comprehensiveness, systematic analysis and wide ranging and international perspectives--providing a valuable resource for all those interested and involved in research. For occupational health professionals, it is a book that should be accessible on the library shelf." --Occupational MedicineTable of ContentsPart. 1: The History of Research with Humans; 1. Walter Reed and the Yellow Fever Experiments 2. The Nazi Medical Experiments 3. The Imperial Japanese Experiments in China 4. The Randomized Controlled Trial of Streptomycin 5. The Salk Polio Vaccine Field Trial of 1954 6. The Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital Case 7. The Hepatitis Experiments at the Willowbrook State School 8. The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment 9. HIV Research 10. The Gelsinger Case 11. An Ethical Framework for Biomedical Research ; Part 2: Codes, Declarations, and Other Ethical Guidance for Research with Humans; 12. The Nuremberg Code 13. The Declaration of Helsinki 14. The Belmont Report 15. Regulations for the Protection 16. International Ethical Guidance from the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences 17. The Council of Europe 18. The European Community Directives on Data Protection and Clinical Trials 19. National Bioethics Commissions and Research ; Part 3: Context, Purpose, and Value of Clinical Research ; 20. Exploitation in Clinical Research 21. The Nature, Scope, and Justification of Clinical research: What is Research? Who is a Subject? 22. Four Paradigms of Clinical Research and Research Oversight 23. The Role of Patient Advocates and Public Representatives in Research ; Part 4: ; Scientific Design ; 24. Equipoise and Randomization 25. The Ethics of Placebo- Controlled Trials 26. Challenge Experiments 27. Emergency Research 28. Consent for Research with Biological Samples 29. Genetic Diagnostic, Pedigree, and Screening Research 30. Deception in Clinical Research 31. Ethics of Epidemiology: Observational Studies on Human Populations 32. Ethical Issues in Behavioral and Social Science Research 33. Phase 1 Oncology Research 34. Surgical Innovation and Research ; Part 5: Participant Selection ; 35. What is Fair in Participant Selection? 36. Incentives for Research Participants 37. Ethical Issues in Recruiting Research Participants 38. Ethical Issues in Research Involving Women 39. Ethical Issues in Research with Ethnic and Minority Populations 40. Research Involving Economically Disadvantaged Participants 41. Research Involving Those at Risk for Impaired Decision-making Capacity 42. Research with Children 43. Captive Populations: Prisoners, Students, and Soldiers 44. Research with Identifiable and Targeted Communities 45. Research with Health Volunteers 46. Research with Fetuses, Embryos, and Stem Cells ; Part 6: Risk-Benefit Assessments ; 47. Risk-Benefit Analysis and the Net Risks Test 48. Assessing the Comparing Potential Benefits and Risks of Harm 49. Risk-Benefit Assessment in Pediatric Research ; Part 7: Independent Review and Oversight ; 50. Institutional Review Boards: Their Origins and the Policies that Govern Them 51. Models of Institutional Review Board Function 52. Assessing and Comparing Potential Benefits and Risks of Harm 53. Data and Safety Monitoring Boards 54. The Food and drug Administration and Drug Development: Historic, Scientific, and Ethical Considerations ; Part 8: Informed Consent ; 55. A History of Informed Consent in Clinical Research 56. Philosophical Justifications of Informed Consent in Research 57. Legal and Regulatory Standards of Informed Consent in Research 58. The Therapeutic Misconception 59. Empirical Issues in Informed Consent for Research 60. The Assent Requirement in Pediatric Research ; Part 9: Respect for Human Research Participants ; 61. Confidentiality 62. Legal Responsibility to Research Subjects: Liability and Compensation for Injury 63. The Obligation to Ensure Standards ; Part 10 Multi-National Research ; 64. Appropriate Standards 65. Benefits to Host Countries 66. The Standard of Care in Multi-National Research 67. Responsiveness to Host Community Health Needs ; Part 11: Clinical Investigator Behavior ; 68. Conflicts of Interest in Medical Research: historical Developments 69. Conflicts of Interest 70. Empirical Data on Obligations of Publication: Authorship and Dissemination ; Index

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Book SynopsisBefore curing was a possibility, medicine was devoted to the relief of suffering. Attention to the relief of suffering often takes a back seat in modern biomedicine. This book seeks to place suffering at the center of biomedical attention, examining suffering in its biological, psychological, clinical, religious, and ethical dimensions.Trade ReviewThe book is edited by a pathologist and a professor of religion. Their distinct professions inform the book, giving it a multidisciplinary feel that is necessary for addressing such a holistic subject. Although the essays are from scholars in a range of fields, they are generally jargon free. The result is a book accessible to bioethicists, theologians, medical professionals, and educated lay readers. * Doody's Notes *Table of ContentsForeword - Daniel Callahan ; Suffering and Bioethics: an introduction to the volume - Ronald M. Green and Nathan J. Palpant ; Part 1: The Nature, Meaning, and Experience of Suffering ; 1. Suffering and Human Dignity - Eric Cassell ; 2. Understanding Suffering - Barry Hoffmaster, ; 3. Paying Homage to the Silence of Suffering - Susan and Gordon Marino ; 4. Suffering, and the Promise of a World without Pain - Joseph Amato ; Part 2: Suffering in Biology ; 5. Social Neuroscience Meets Philosophy: Suffering, Empathy, and Moral Cognition -Jean Decety ; 6. The Biology of Suffering - Daniel Krashin, Natalia Murinova, Catherine Q. Howe, and Jane Ballantyne ; 7. What is Suffering and What Sorts of Beings Can Suffer? - David Degrazia ; Part 3: Suffering in Policy and Law ; 8. Individual and Social Callousness Toward Human Suffering - Daniel B. Hinshaw, Peter D. Jacobson, and Marisa P. Weisel ; 9. Human Rights and the Moral Obligation to Alleviate Suffering - Roberto Andorno and Cristiana Baffone ; 10. Exploring Interactions Between Suffering and the Law - Margaret Somerville ; Part 4: Worldview Perspectives on Suffering and Medicine ; 11. Suffering: A Catholic Theological-Ethical View -Lisa Cahill ; 12. The Orthodox Christian View of Suffering - H. Tristram Engelhardt Jr. ; 13. Redemptive Suffering Redeemed: A Protestant View of Suffering - Karen Lebacqz ; 14. Suffering: Reflections from the Jewish Tradition - Laurie Zoloth ; 15. Human Suffering through Illness in the Context of Islamic Bioethics - Abdulaziz Sachedina ; 16. Endure, Adapt, or Overcome? The Concept of 'Suffering' in Buddhist Bioethics - Jens Schlieter ; 17. Human Suffering and the Limits of Secular Bioethics - Mark Cherry ; Part 5: Suffering in the Ethics of Contemporary Medicine and Biotechnology ; 18. Reproductive Technology in Suffering's Shadow - Paul Lauritzen ; 19. Genomic Information and Suffering in the Genomic Era - Roberta Berry ; 20. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and the Prevention of Suffering - Mary Anderlik Majumder ; Part 6: Concluding Thoughts ; 21. Suffering and Ethics in an Age of Empowerment - Nathan J. Palpant ; 22. The Evil of Suffering - Ronald M. Green

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Book SynopsisOf every thousand children born in Iceland, two will die before their first birthday, but in Mozambique the death rate is sixty times higher. Even within countries - including some of the wealthiest - inequalities in longevity and health can be substantial. In recent years, epidemiologists have documented the extent of these inequalities both between and within countries, stimulating in turn research both on their sources and on possible means for their alleviation. These extensive and influential efforts in research and in policy development have raised health inequalities to a prominent position among the central concerns of both national and global health. Less attention has been given to careful analysis and refinement of some key concepts and values that guide and motivate these studies of health inequalities. The essays in this book demonstrate the need to identify and debate alternative positions on the choice of measures of health inequality; the definitions of ''inequality'' aTable of ContentsNir Eyal, Samia Hurst, Sara Marchand, Ole F. Norheim, Dan Wikler - "Introduction: Inequalities in Health: Concepts, Measures, and Ethics" ; Part I: Defining and measuring health inequality ; 1. Larry Temkin - "Inequality and Health" ; 2. Tony Atkinson - "Health Inequality, Health Inequity and Health Spending" ; 3. Yukiko Asada - "A Summary Measure of Health Inequalities: Incorporating Group and Individual Inequalities" ; 4. Kasper Lippert Rasmussen - "When Group Measures of Health Should Matter ; 5. Erik Nord - "Priority to the Worse Off: Severity of Current and Future Illness Versus Shortfall in Life Time Health" ; 6. Gustaf Arrhenius- "Egalitarian Concerns and Population Change" ; Part II: Health Inequality and egalitarianism ; 7. Dan Hausman - "Egalitarian Critiques of Health Inequalities" ; 8. Alex Voorhoeve and Marc Fleurbaey - "Decide as You Would with Full Information! An Argument against ex ante Pareto" ; 9. Johann Frick - Uncertainty and Justifiability to Each Person ; 10. Shlomi Segall - "Equality of Opportunity For Health" ; 11. Wlodek Rabinowicz - "When in Doubt, Equalize" ; 12. Norman Daniels - "Reducing Health Disparities: No Simple Matter" ; 13. Nir Eyal - "Levelling Down Health" ; 14. Ole Norheim - "Atkinson's Measure of Inequality: Can Measures of Economic Inequality Help Us Understand Trade-Offs in Healthcare Priority Setting?" ; 15. Toby Ord And Nick Beckstead - "Rationing and Rationality: The Cost of Avoiding Discrimination" ; 16. Frances M. Kamm - Rationing and the Disabled: Several Proposals ; Part III: Health Inequality and Public Policy ; 17. Angus Deaton - "What does the Empirical Evidence on SES and Health Tell Us About Inequity and About Policy?" ; 18. Michael Marmot-Fair Society Healthy Lives ; 19. Julian Le Grand - "Individual Responsibility, Health and Health Care" ; 20. Ritu Sadana - "WHO's Social Determinants Commission - Concepts and Measures of Health Inequalities"

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Book SynopsisKnowledge of the genetic basis of human diseases is growing rapidly, with important implications for pre-conceptional, prenatal, and predictive testing. While new genetic testing offers better insight into the causes of and susceptibility for heritable diseases, not all inherited diseases that can be predicted on the basis of genetic information can be treated or cured. Should we test everyone who wants to know his or her genetic status, even when there are no possibilities for treatment? What is the role of the right-not-to-know? Do we test children for adult onset disorders because the parents just have to know or do we respect the children''s right to choose when they are older? Do we allow commercial companies to offer genetic tests directly to consumers without the proper oversight regarding what the test results will mean? By using a creative approach that focuses on a single extended family as a case example to illustrate each chapter''s key point, the authors elucidate ethical issues arising in the genetics clinic and laboratory surrounding many timely issues, including: prenatal and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis assisted reproductive technologies incidental findings in genetic testing gene patenting testing children for adult onset disorders direct to consumer testing Ethical Dilemmas in Genetic Counseling: Principles through Case Scenarios is essential reading for anyone interested in the ethical issues surfacing in common genetics practice. Written exclusively by genetic counselors, it makes a significant contribution to the field of ethics in genetics and thus will appeal not only to genetic counselors but to physicians, nurses, and all those concerned with bioethics and social science.Trade ReviewThis collection of essays is sure to be a welcome addition to the library of anyone interested in genetics and genetics counselling. * Lauren L Baker, BA (Saint Louis University), Doody's Notes *Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction to Clinical Ethics - Rebecca R. Anderson ; Chapter 2: The (micro) Array of Options for Preconceptional and Prenatal Testing - Daragh Conrad and Christy ; Stanley ; Chapter 3: The "ART" of Assisted Reproductive Technologies - Sonja Eubanks Higgins ; Chapter 4: Testing Children for Adult Onset Conditions - Dawn Allain ; Chapter 5: These are Not the Genes You're Looking For: Incidental Findings Identified as a Result of Genetic Testing - Curtis Coughlin II ; Chapter 6: Is That a Threat or a Promise? Direct-to-Consumer Marketing of Genetic Testing - Laura Hercher ; Chapter 7: Genetics and Patent Law - Rebecca R. Anderson ; Chapter 8: Ethical Issues in Genetic and Genomic Research - Dawn Allain and Kelly Ormond

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Book SynopsisANN GALLAGHER Senior Research Fellow in the Faculty of Health and Social Care Sciences, Kingston University and St George's University of London, UK. She is a member of several clinical and research ethics committees and of the editorial and advisory boards of Nursing Ethics and Ethics and Social Welfare. Her research and publications are in the field of applied and professional ethics.SUE HODGE Lecturer in Law at the University of Surrey, UK.Trade Review'This is an excellent book. It gives practical examples of applications of the principles of ethics. It thus makes a sometimes dry, abstract topic come alive.' - Dorothy Adam, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Robert Gordon University, UK 'Very well written and clearly presented with relevant scenarios to aid understanding. One of the best books for nursing undergraduates on this subject that I have come across!' - Eleanor Jack, Lecturer in Mental Health Nursing, School of Health and Social Care, Bournemouth University, UK I really like this book as the content relates directly to practice, making the information appealing to practitioners in the various fields of healthcare.' - Carol Taylor, Programme Leade,r Department of Health Care Studies, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK 'The scenarios and the practical application are a major strength of the text. Its interdisciplinary approach means that I would recommend this book to student nurses, paramedics, and assistant practitioners.' - Julie-Ann Hayes, Senior Lecturer in Law and Ethics, Liverpool John Moores University, UK 'Excellent book. Good application and facilitates learning.' - Tracey Barnfather, Division of Adult Nursing, University of Northampton, UK 'This is a must have for any first year student nurse. It is very readable, doesn't waffle, gives plenty of information and is easy to dip in and out of.' - Iffa Settle, Programme Leader, Department of Health and Social Care, York College, UK '... I teach ethical principles with midwifery students and this text can be applied to midwifery. I particularly like the case study examples given as these can be so useful in providing material for discussion and debate around ethical principles. The application to practice is vital.' - Judith Davies, Institute of Health and Society, University of Worcester , UK 'An easy to read and understand book. Ideal as an introduction to professional issues.' - Chris Moat, Senior Lecturer in Paramedic Science, School of Nursing, Teesside University, UK 'Underpinning the Foundation Degree is a clear understanding of Legal & Ethical Issues in Health and Social Care. This text covers all the relevant areas in a user friendly clear text that will become essential reading for students on the course' - Patricia Brown Work Based Education Facilitator, School of Health and Social Sciences, University of Bolton, UK 'Excellent reference book... A must for all health and social care students.' - Tina Duffy, Lecturer, School of Health and Social Care, North West Regional College, UK 'Because this text has a lot of scenarios for the reader to consider that have been developed or taken from real practice they resonate with students. The students on my module are practising health professionals from a variety of backgrounds and thus the range of scenarios enables all students to consider issues from the perspective of their own practice.' - Kevin Power, School of Nursing and Midwifery, De Montfort University, UK 'a good text for students to draw upon in their professional studies modules at all levels and for utilising once qualified as occupational therapists.' - Liz Cade, Senior Lecturer, Department of Health Studies, Glyndwr University, UK 'A very easy read and informative. Up to date and well referenced' - Carol-Anne Westwell, Nursing Lecturer, School of Healthcare Sciences, Bangor University, UKTable of ContentsIntroduction; A.Gallagher& S.Hodge Accountability; S.Ryle Informed Consent: Adults with Capacity; K.Acott & S.Searby Consent When Capacity is Compromised; A.Gallagher, S.Hodge& N.Pansari Truth Telling; A.Arber& C.Wade Confidentiality; P.Colliety& K.Horton Justice and Fairness; H.Allan Responding to Unprofessional Practice; A.Brown Promoting Professional Healthcare Practice; J.Leng& D.Macartney Conclusion; A.Gallagher& S.Hodge

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Book SynopsisWhat if a lifesaving medical device causes loss of life along its supply chain? That''s the question Katherine E. Standefer finds herself asking one night after being suddenly shocked by her implanted cardiac defibrillator.In this gripping, intimate memoir about health, illness, and the invisible reverberating effects of our medical system, Standefer recounts the astonishing true story of the rare diagnosis that upended her rugged life in the mountains of Wyoming and sent her tumbling into a fraught maze of cardiology units, dramatic surgeries, and slow, painful recoveries. As her life increasingly comes to revolve around the internal defibrillator freshly wired into her heart, she becomes consumed with questions about the supply chain that allows such an ostensibly miraculous device to exist. So she sets out to trace its materials back to their roots.From the sterile labs of a medical device manufacturer in southern California to the tantalum and tin mines seized by

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Book SynopsisSometimes controversial, invariably fascinating, Lacan's psycholinguistic approach to analysis of the psychoses is seen here in virtually unmediated form.

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Book SynopsisOne of the most influential French intellectuals of this century, Lacan is seen here at the height of his powers.

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Book Synopsis"Elliott's absorbing account will make readers think again about the ways that science shapes our personal identities."—American ScientistTrade Review"A superbly crafted book." "An absorbing read that probes our foibles and uncertainties with gentleness, wisdom, and humor." "Elliott grips the reader's attention all the way." "An impressive achievement."

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