Medical ethics and professional conduct Books

Book SynopsisConsent is a concept that can be complex and difficult to understand, but it does not have to be. This book is a handy pocket-sized guide to the consent process that treats consent as an essential part of your everyday practice. From assent to self-determination, via legally valid consent, it’s full of practical detail about: what consent is who can give consent the ways in which consent can be given when consent can be given how you can work with your patient through the consent process. Written by an experienced lecturer with input provided by current nursing students, this guidance is produced with you in mind – and you can carry it with you at all times!Trade ReviewThe book as a pocket guide is a very comprehensive yet practical text that gives the reader enough information on [Consent] without going into too much detail, however, also gives the reader the ability to delve further thanks to the references list and further resources list. For a pocket guide, the text has just the right level of detail and examples as well as content to allow the reader to gain and understand the fundamentals, while allowing them to explore topics further if they desire... I really enjoyed this text and title. It is a very important topic that often causes people concern and worry as healthcare law and ethics can be a bit of a minefield. This was a much-needed and I am sure will be much-appreciated text in nursing and healthcare resources. * A registered nurse *The Consent pocket guide is great and I have recommended it to colleagues to add to the reading lists for their module. * Senior Lecturer, De Montfort University *Table of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; About the author; Common terminology and key concepts; Main legislation and legal cases 1 Consent – definitions and foundations 1.1 A first thought 1.2 What consent is not 1.3 Definition of consent 1.4 Consent: a process 1.5 The underpinning of consent 1.6 In summary: what consent is 2 The importance of consent 2.1 An initial answer 2.2 Self-determination 2.3 The ethical basis for consent 2.4 The legal basis for consent 2.5 The professional basis for consent 2.6 In summary: two main reasons 3 The three principles of consent 3.1 The consent principles 3.2 Competence 3.3 Adequate information 3.4 Voluntariness 3.4.1 Involuntary treatment 3.5 In summary: legally valid consent 4 Those who can give consent 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The patient 4.2.1 Adult patients 4.2.2 Patients aged 16 and 17 4.2.3 Patients under 16 4.3 Parents and parental responsibility 4.4 Relatives and next of kin 4.5 Patient representatives 4.6 Competence assessment 4.7 Assessors of competence 4.8 In summary: giving consent 5 Obtaining consent 5.1 Seeking consent 5.2 Written consent 5.3 Oral consent 5.4 Inferred/implied consent 5.5 Consent vs. assent 5.6 Recording consent 5.7 In summary: how to obtain consent 6 Lack of patient consent 6.1 Inability to obtain consent 6.2 Competent patients 6.2.1 Patient refusal 6.2.2 Withdrawal of consent by a patient 6.3 Incompetent patients 6.3.1 Lasting Power of Attorney 6.3.2 Principle of necessity 6.3.3 Best Interests 6.4 Child patients 6.5 In summary: when there is no consent References; Useful resources

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Book SynopsisIn what way is "care" a matter of "tinkering"? Rather than presenting care as a (preferably "warm") relation between human beings, the various contributions to the volume give the material world (usually cast as "cold") a prominent place in their analysis. Thus, this book does not continue to oppose care and technology, but contributes to rethinking both in such a way that they can be analysed together. Technology is not cast as a functional tool, easy to control - it is shifting, changing, surprising and adaptable. In care practices all "things" are (and have to be) tinkered with persistently. Knowledge is fluid, too. Rather than a set of general rules, the knowledges (in the plural) relevant to care practices are as adaptable and in need of adaptation as the technologies, the bodies, the people, and the daily lives involved.Trade Review"A book that [...] entered into the debate at exactly the right moment." Christoph Schneider/Bettina-Johanna Krings, Technikfolgenabschätzung - Theorie und Praxis [German scientific journal on technical assessment], 21/1 (2012) "An interesting read not only for professionals but also for those affected and those critically questioning current care practices." Sabine Plonz, DAS ARGUMENT [German bimonthly academic journal for philosophy and social sciences], 292 (2011) "This book can be considered as an important contribution in the research of care in practice. It moves beyond theories of care by choosing practices as starting point to evaluate and improve theoretical insights. This approach is able to present new and surprising insights and for that it is valuable for every qualitative researcher in care practices." Elleke Landeweer, Medicine, Health Care & Philosophy, 3 (2011) "This book illustrates an inspiring path towards the questions how care produces or creates its objects, bodies, patients and carers; and how care incorporates knowledge and technologies." Tom Bieling, http://designabilities.wordpress.com, 16.09.2010 Reviewed in: Medicine, Health Care & Philosophy, 3 (2011), Elleke Landeweer

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Book SynopsisShannon, Richard L. Sprott, Rosemarie Tong, Laurie ZolothTrade ReviewThis is a brilliant and useful book that summarizes much information from different points of view into a unified whole... So vibrant in its clarity,, so audacious in its thinking, it adds much to the luster of this remarkable book, one that deserves a wide readership. Doody's Review Service 2008 A comprehensive yet concise, simple-to-read synopsis of the issue involving modern biotechnology/aging research... Highly recommended. Choice 2009 A thought-provoking starting point for anyone interested in the varied and reciprocal implications of population aging and developments in biotechnology. -- Stephen J. Cutler, PhD Gerontologist 2009 An approachable... collection of essays -- Gareth Southwell Metapsychology 2009Table of ContentsPrefaceList of Contributors Part I: IntroductionChapter 1. Reality check: What Is Genetic Research on Aging Likely to Produce, and What Are the Ethical and Clinical Implications of Those Advances? Chapter 2. Meeting the Challenges of a Diverse Aging SocietyPart II: ImmortalityChapter 3. Immortality Through cloning? Reproduction, Regeneration, and the PosthumanChapter 4. The Transhumanist Movement: A Flawed Response to Aging and Its Natural ConsequenceChapter 5. Stem cell Research and InterventionChapter 6. The Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Antiaging TechnologiesChapter 7. Stem Cells and Aging: Quality and Quantity of Life in an Unjust World Part III: CentenariansChapter 8. Centenarians and GeneticsChapter 9. What Can We learn From Centenarians? Chapter 10. A Developmental Perspective on Aging and Genetic Technology: A Response to Studies of CentenariansPart IV: Genetic TestingChapter 11. Genetic Testing for Alzheimer Disease: The REVEAL Study Chapter 12. The Implications of Genetic testing for Alzheimer DiseaseChapter 13. Genetic Susceptibility to Alzheimer DiseaseChapter 14. Psychological Issues in Genetic TestingChapter 15. Genotype, Phenotype, and Primary care: Why the New Genetics Technology Is Not Ready for Primary Care Part V: Ethical and Social PerspectivesChapter 16. Genetics, Aging, and Primary care: Ethical Implications for CliniciansChapter 17. Aging, Genetics, and Social JusticeChapter 18. The Ethics of Aging: Question of Ends at the End of LifeChapter 19. A Lonely New World—or Me, Myself, and IIndex

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Book SynopsisExplores the historical roots of controversies over abortion, fetal personhood, miscarriage, and maternal mortality. On June 24, 2022, the US Supreme Court overturned the Roe v. Wade decision, asserting that the Constitution did not confer the right to abortion. This ruling, in the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health case, was the culmination of a half-century of pro-life activism promoting the idea that fetuses are people and therefore entitled to the rights and protections that the Constitution guarantees. But it was also the product of a much longer history of archaic ideas about the relationship between pregnant people and the fetuses they carry. In Policing Pregnant Bodies: From Ancient Greece to Post-Roe America, historian Kathleen M. Crowther discusses the deeply rooted medical and philosophical ideas that continue to reverberate in the politics of women's health and reproductive autonomy. From the idea that a detectable heartbeat is a sign of moral personhood to why infant and maTrade ReviewTimely and important.This book is a wake-up call for those who care about and for women and children.—Library Journal (starred review)Historian Kathleen Crowther sees a connection between Ancient Greek philosophers studying embryos and modern day abortion restrictions....In her new book, Policing Pregnant Bodies...Crowther examines ancient metaphors that are still being used, describes the process through which early physicians came to understand fetal development, and explores the pernicious notion that a pregnant woman is the primary threat to the health of her fetus.—NPR[Crowther] effectively shows how the same misogynistic ideas crop up repeatedly throughout history, pitting pregnant people against fetuses in a dangerous zero-sum game....In Policing Pregnant Bodies, Crowther combines three decades of experience as a medical historian with a rare ability to communicate clearly and engagingly with a general audience.—ScienceCrowther, a very knowledgeable historian of reproduction, effectively draws together ancient and modern religious and philosophical thought about the importance of the developing fetus and the minimal role (as told from the mostly male perspective) of the pregnant female body.This book is well researched and well referenced.—ChoiceTable of ContentsIntroductionChapter 1. The Tell-Tale HeartChapter 2. The Fetus in the BottleChapter 3. The Dangerous WombChapter 4. The Secrets of WomenChapter 5. Abortion and the FetusConclusionAcknowledgmentsFurther ReadingNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisThe business of medicine is a complex mix of thorns and roses – where the reality of profit-driven priorities from corporations and insurance companies clashes with the compassion of clinicians providing care at great personal cost. Through the perspectives of patients, physicians, clinicians, medical students, and nurses, The Making of a Doctor highlights the challenges faced by both patients and healthcare providers. This collection of essays uncovers pivotal moments– from the denial of essential medical care by insurance companies to the emotional toll that this work has had on clinicians, some of whom have considered leaving medicine due to the pressures they face – to demonstrate the dire state of our medical systems.The Making of a Doctor sheds light on the harmful impact of a system that prioritizes profits over people, exposing the widespread issues of patient neglect and clinician burnout seen in healthcare systems around the world. Despite these challenges, the collection also points to a path forward – offering solutions for reform and a sustainable approach to providing medical care that places humanity at the centre of the practice.

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Book SynopsisA trenchant analysis of the dark side of regulatory life-making today In their seemingly relentless pursuit of life, do contemporary U.S. “biocultures”—where biomedicine extends beyond the formal institutions of the clinic, hospital, and lab to everyday cultural practices—also engage in a deadly endeavor? Challenging us to question their implications, Deadly Biocultures shows that efforts to “make live” are accompanied by the twin operation of “let die”: they validate and enhance lives seen as economically viable, self-sustaining, productive, and oriented toward the future and optimism while reinforcing inequitable distributions of life based on race, class, gender, and dis/ability. Affirming life can obscure death, create deadly conditions, and even kill.Deadly Biocultures examines the affirmation to hope, target, thrive, secure, and green in the respective biocultures of cancer, race-based health, fatness, aging, and the afterlife. Its chapters focus on specific practices, technologies, or techniques that ostensibly affirm life and suggest life’s inextricable links to capital but that also engender a politics of death and erasure. The authors ultimately ask: what alternative social forms and individual practices might be mapped onto or intersect with biomedicine for more equitable biofutures?Trade Review"Nadine Ehlers and Shiloh Krupar have written a brilliant book about the Janus-faced nature of neoliberal biopolitics. Focusing on a diverse range of topics, from race-based medicine to the ‘war on cancer,’ they superbly show how practices and technologies aimed at fostering life in liberal democratic regimes perversely produce vulnerability, death-in-life, and even death itself."—Jonathan Xavier Inda, author of Racial Prescriptions: Pharmaceuticals, Difference, and the Politics of Life"Deadly Biocultures is a highly original and innovative text which aims to shed light on the dual nature of neoliberal biopolitics."—Ethnic and Racial Studies "Deadly Biocultures offers a timely and provocative contribution to the rich literature on biopolitics from which it draws. Ehlers and Krupar provide unique examples and deep engagement with a wide array of American biocultures."—Disability Studies Quarterly

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Book SynopsisBe prepared for the complexities of healthcare practice today!Meet the legal and ethical challenges you will face as a healthcare professional in ambulatory outpatient and clinical settings. The 8th Edition of this popular text guides you through legal concepts and the law, important ethical issues, and the emerging area of bioethics to prepare you to treat your patients with understanding, sensitivity, and compassion.Often complex concepts are brought to life with vignettes, case studies and other real-world examples of how legal theories, the law, and ethics apply to day-to-day practice in today’s rapidly evolving healthcare system. Clearly written and easy to read, it provides the strong ethical and legal foundation that today’s healthcare professionals need to better serve their clients.Access more online.Redeem the code inside new, printed texts to gain access to a wealth of resources online, including video case studies and decision-tree activities.Trade ReviewSee what students and instructors are saying about the previous edition…Students learn well using this book. “This works very well as a textbook for our medical assistant program.”- Walla Walla Community College, Jackson, WA., Online Reviewer;…book for the MA program I'm in… “and it’s nice and easy to understand.”- Zlara, Online Reviewer;Five Stars “Great Book- well worth the $$$”.”- Dory W., Online Reviewer;Great book. “Recommend this book to anyone, very informative.”- Beatrice, Online Reviewer.Table of Contents I. Understanding the Basics 1. Medical Law, Ethics, and Bioethics 2. Medical Practice Management 3. The Professional Health-Care Team II. Law, Liability, and Duties 4. State and Federal Regulations 5. Professional Liability 6. Law for Health Professionals 7. Public Duties 8. Consent III. Workplace Issues 9. Medical Records 10. Reimbursement and Collection Practices 11. Employment Practices 12. A Cultural Perspective for Health Professionals IV. Bioethical Issues 13. Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources 14. Genetic Modification 15. Reproductive Issues 16. End of Life Issues Special Section Have a Care! Appendices I. Code of Ethics II. Sample Documents for End-of-Life Issues

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Book SynopsisChildhood Onset Severe Neurological Impairment confronts the uncertain decisions resulting from the intersection between what is intended and what is possible, to achieve the best certainty that lessens decisional regret. Evidence-based and hypothesis-driven strategies are offered to improve health, while a framework covers when and how to reflect with parents and guardians, utilizing an iterative process.Specific circumstances include intractable symptoms, feeding intolerance, intestinal failure, and use of technology. Communication is a cornerstone of this book, with strategies offered throughout and for each specific problem. This book will reinforce and expand skills, while promoting resiliency for individuals and teams. It provides innovative tools from a combination of evidence and the author''s 27 years of experience. The content will inform research and quality improvement projects, advancing the quality of our care for children with severe neurological impairment and their families.

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Book Synopsis'Thrilling... The “dizzying” story of heart surgery is every bit as important as that of the nuclear, computer or rocket ages. And now it has been given the history it deserves' James McConnachie, Sunday TimesFor thousands of years the human heart remained the deepest of mysteries; both home to the soul and an organ too complex to touch, let alone operate on. Then, in the late nineteenth century, medics began going where no one had dared go before. In eleven landmark operations, Thomas Morris tells us stories of triumph, reckless bravery, swaggering arrogance, jealousy and rivalry, and incredible ingenuity, from the trail-blazing ‘blue baby’ procedure to the first human heart transplant. The Matter of the Heart gives us a view over the surgeon’s shoulder, showing us the heart’s inner workings and failings. It describes both a human story and a history of risk-taking that has ultimately saved millions of lives.Trade ReviewThrilling ... Significant and often immersive… The “dizzying” story of heart surgery is every bit as important as that of the nuclear, computer or rocket ages. And now it has been given the history it deserves -- James McConnachie * Sunday Times *The research that has gone into this book is simply staggering, and Morris has achieved much more than a history of heart operations… It is a study of human beings driven by Olympian ambition and bottomless curiosity. It is, in the end, a book about wonder. And a wonderful book. -- Frances Wilson * Daily Telegraph, 5 stars ***** *Gripping... The Matter of the Heart details the breathtaking advances that have been made in the past 100 years. -- John Crace * Guardian *Thomas Morris has written not a history of medical ideas about the heart, but a history of heart surgery... The stories come quickly: fluent, wry, admiring ... Morris has made something unique: a history less of people than of procedures, but lively, enthusiastic and brimming with detail ... anything but boring. -- Gavin Francis * New Statesman *I recommend the book to all who are fascinated by the medical world...a thoroughly engaging history. * Wall Street Journal *Fascinating and compelling... There are also remarkable tales of survival against the odds perseverance, ingenuity and awe-inspiring feats... Morris deftly constructs an engaging narrative that covers a vast range of material -- Manjit Kumar * Literary Review *With the cut and thrust of cardiac surgery now demystified, we forget that venturing into the thoracic cavity once seemed as daunting as polar exploration. Or more so: as Thomas Morris reveals in this stirring chronicle, even touching a beating heart was long viewed as impossible… Told through 11 pivotal operations, it's a tale of ingenuity... It's rich, too, in alarming details — not least, the injections of strychnine and whisky that featured in early surgery -- Barbara Kiser * Nature *Thomas Morris does for the history of cardiac surgery what The Right Stuff and Hidden Figures did for the space race... The book is - appropriately - pulse-thumpingly gripping and will be enjoyed by anyone who, in any sense of the phrase, has a heart. -- Mark LawsonTremendous. An exhilarating sweep through ancient history and contemporary practice in surgery of the heart. It’s rich in extraordinary detail and stories that will amaze you. A wonderful book. -- Melvyn BraggStanding outside this precious and pressured world, Morris provides an even-handed and honest survey of the pioneers and their breakthroughs… intelligent -- Wendy Moore * The Times *

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Book SynopsisPsychiatry and religion/spirituality (R/S) share an interest in human flourishing, a concern with beliefs and values, and an appreciation for community. Yet historical tensions between science and religion continue to impede dialogue, leaving clinicians uncertain about how to approach ethical questions arising between them. When are religious practices such as scrupulosity disordered? What distinguishes healthy from unhealthy religion? How should a therapist approach a patient''s existential, moral or spiritual distress? What should clinicians do with patients'' R/S convictions about faith healing, same-sex relationships, or obligations to others? Discussions of psychiatric ethics have traditionally emphasized widely accepted principles, generally admired virtues, and cultural competence. Relatively little attention has been devoted to the ways that R/S inform the values of patients and their clinicians, shape preferred virtues, and interact with culture. Ethical Considerations at the Table of Contents1. Introduction John R. Peteet, M.D., Mary Lynn Dell, M.D., D.Min. and Wai Lun Alan Fung, M.D., ScD, FRCPC Part One: General Considerations 2. Values and Pluralism in Psychiatry John R. Peteet, M.D. 3. Theological Ethics Relevant to Mental Health and Psychiatry: An Overview Daniel Grossoehme, M.Div., D.Min. and Mary Lynn Dell, M.D., D.Min. 4. Ethical Issues Related to Religious Considerations in Psychiatric Diagnosis Allan M. Josephson, M.D. 5. Unhealthy and Potentially Harmful Uses of Religion James Griffith, M.D. and Gina Magyar-Russell, Ph.D. 6. Spiritual and Religious Concerns Presenting in Psychiatric Treatment Len Sperry, M.D., Ph.D. 7. The Role of Religious Professionals in Ethical Decision Making in Mental Health Nancy Kehoe, R.S.C.J., Ph.D. 8. Ethics Committees and Consultation in Mental Health Don C. Postema, Ph.D. 9. Practical Implications of Personal Spirituality James Lomax, M.D. and Nathan Carlin, Ph.D. Part Two: Specific Clinical Contexts 10. Outpatient Psychiatry Morgan M. Medlock, M.D., M.Div. and David H. Rosmarin, Ph.D., ABPP 11. Inpatient Psychiatry Shad S. Ali, M.D. and Abraham M. Nussbaum, M.D., M.T.S. 12. Religious/Spiritual Aspects of Ethical Dilemmas in C/L Psychiatry Marta Herschkopf, M.D. and John Peteet, M.D. 13. Addiction Psychiatry Christopher C. H. Cook, M.B. B. S., M.D., M.A., Ph. D., Eilish Gilvarry, M.B., M.Ch., B.A.O. and Andrea Hearn, B.Sc. (hons), Ph.D., M.B. B.S. 14. Geriatric and End of Life Psychiatry John R. Peteet, MD 15. Ethics, Religion, and Spirituality in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Carol Kessler, M.D., M.Div. and Mary Lynn Dell, M.D., D.Min. 16. Spirituality, Ethics, and People with Intellectual Disabilities William Gaventa, M.Div., and Mary Lynn Dell, M.D., D.Min. 17. Mental Disorder and Transformation: Perspectives from Community Psychiatry Tony Benning, M.D. 18. International Perspectives on Ethical Issues in Religion and Psychiatry Walid Sarhan, M.B.B.S., FRCPsych and Wai Lun Alan Fung, M.D., ScD, FRCPC 19. Ethical Considerations for Mental Health Providers Responding to Disasters and Emergencies Samuel B. Thielman, M.D., Ph.D. and Glenn Goss, D.S.W. 20. Forensic Psychiatry Michael A. Norko M.D., M.A.R. 21. Ethical Considerations Regarding Religion/spirituality in Psychiatric Research Alexander Moreira-Almeida, M.D., Ph.D., Quirino Cordeiro, M.D., Ph.D., and Harold G. Koenig, M.D., M.H.Sc 22. Psychiatric Education Gerrit Glas, M.D., M.A., Ph.D.

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Book SynopsisThe book proposes a new relationship between people and their doctors, fostering self-efficacy so that people can be empowered to manage their own health and live happier, healthier lives. It gives practical advice and provides an accessible, challenging, thought-provoking view of how medical practice needs to change to become person focused.Table of Contents1: David Beaumont: Doctor becomes patient 2: David Beaumont: There's something wrong 3: The art of medicine 4: What are 'health and wellbeing'? 5: Disability, chronic pain, and medically unexplained symptoms 6: Why should health and wellbeing matter to doctors? 7: How to reclaim your life 8: Physical health - Te Taha Tinana 9: Psychological health - Te Taha Hinengaro 10: Emotional Health - Te Taha Whanau 11: Existential health - Te Taha Hinengaro

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Book SynopsisPalliative care has evolved rapidly in recent years. Not only is the field dealing with an increasingly elderly and multi-morbid population, it is also addressing a wider variety of complex diagnoses such as heart failure, renal failure, advanced lung disease, frailty, and dementia. Challenging Cases in Palliative Care is unique, as it uses examples of real-world cases from palliative care practices. It also includes expert commentary to support modern clinicians in managing the ''messiness'' of clinical care, as well as the increasingly complex needs of patients today. As part of our Challenging Cases series, the cases in this book not only cover a range of physical and psychosocial problems seen in palliative care, they also reflect the core curriculum for UK speciality trainees. Each case brings together expert interpretation of the available evidence, management strategies, guidelines and best practice, while discussing complexities in clinical decision-making and controversies in

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Book SynopsisBioethicist Mark Navin and policy scholar Katie Attwell explore the evolution of American childhood vaccination policy through the prism of political history, contemporary parenthood, and diverse governance strategies. America''s New Vaccine Wars focuses on the origins and the outcomes of America''s recent efforts to eliminate nonmedical exemptions to school and daycare vaccine mandates. These policy developments have increased immunization rates, but they have also ignited polarizing, nationwide debates about parents'' rights, democracy, and the authority of the government to use coercion to promote health. This book explores the meaning of these battles for parents, doctors, the politics of public health, and the future of bioethics.Navin and Attwell ground the book with a case study of California''s efforts to exclude unvaccinated children from school and daycare following the Disneyland Measles Outbreak of 2014. The authors use original interviews with key policymakers and activistTrade ReviewAmerica's New Vaccine Wars is a timely and important addition to the literature on vaccination policy. Navin and Attwell provide a comprehensive overview of the events leading up to California's elimination of non-medical exemptions to school vaccination requirements and what has happened since that time, along with a nuanced discussion of the legal and ethical issues surrounding vaccination requirements and vaccine policy. The interdisciplinary approach- history, law, ethics, philosophy, psychology, politics- enhances our understanding of the complex issues related to vaccine policy. This book should be required reading for those interested in and involved with the ethical and policy issues surrounding vaccination. * Douglas S. Diekema, University of Washington School of Medicine *Meticulously researched and carefully argued, America's New Vaccine Wars grapples with some of the most complex and urgent public policy issues of our time: the relationship between the people and their government, trust in medical and scientific authority, and what we all owe to each other in the name of public health. Navin and Attwell's nuanced account resists easy explanations and provides clear guidance for policy makers. This is a superb case study of the political, legal, and ethical dimensions of public health. * James Colgrove, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health *This book nicely blends sociological, historical, and philosophical considerations in an overarching account of vaccine mandates in California. However, the issues raised here are relevant to political and sociological reflection on vaccine mandates more broadly. Discussing vaccination policy after the COVID-19 pandemic will require the kind of interdisciplinarity and depth of analysis of which this book is a perfect example. * Alberto Giubilini, University of Oxford *Table of ContentsKey Dates Preface Chapter One: Introduction Chapter Two: The Mandates & Exemptions Regime Chapter Three: Last Tweaks Chapter Four: Mobilizing for the Nonmedical Exemptions Bill Chapter Five: Social Meaning and Political Conflict Chapter Six: Drawing the Wrong Lessons from the History Of Mandates Chapter Seven: Powerful Doctors and Underfunded Public Health Chapter Eight: The Ethics and Public Acceptability of Mandates Chapter Nine: Policy Limitations and America's Institutions Chapter Ten: Conclusion: Confronting Dystopia Acknowledgments Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisSuitable for scholars of medicine, public health, and public policy, this title evaluates the consequences and benefits of state-mandated newborn screening - and the larger policy questions they raise about the inherent inequalities in American medical care that limit the effectiveness of this potentially lifesaving technology.Trade Review"Smart, humane, and beautifully written, Saving Babies? is respectful but critical of clinicians, parents, and policymakers as it vividly connects the reader to the human tragedies on the page. Without being maudlin, Stefan Timmermans and Mara Buchbinder show us how newborn screening really works. Despite the grim subjects, this profound book is a real treat to read." (Carol A. Heimer, Northwestern University)"

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Book SynopsisThe Disability Bioethics Reader is the first introduction to the field of bioethics presented through the lens of critical disability studies and the philosophy of disability.Introductory and advanced textbooks in bioethics focus almost entirely on issues that disproportionately affect disabled people and that centrally deal with becoming or being disabled. However, such textbooks typically omit critical philosophical reflection on disability. Directly addressing this omission, this volume includes 36 chapters, most appearing here for the first time, that cover key areas pertaining to disability bioethics, such as: state-of-the-field analyses of modern medicine, bioethics, and disability theory health, disease, and the philosophy of medicine issues at the edge- and end-of-life, including physician-aid-in-dying, brain death, and minimally conscious states enhancement and biomedical technology invisible disabilities, Trade Review"Covers an impressive range of topics. . . [and] a wealth of diversity in issues, perspectives, and arguments . . . . Overall, this book is an excellent resource, and should be considered by those designing university courses relating to bioethics [and] medical law and ethics."Heloise Robinson in Medical Law Review Table of Contents1. A Short History of Modern Medicine and Disability 2. Eugenics, Disability, and Bioethics 3. Theories of Disability 4. A Critical History of Bioethics 5. Methods of Bioethics 6. Disability Bioethics 7. Disability and the Definition of Health 8. The Lived Experiences of Illness and Disability 9. Abortion, Disability Rights, and Reproductive Justice 10. A Fatal Attraction to Normalizing 11. Being Disabled and Contemplating Disabled Children 12. The Wrongs of Wrongful Birth 13. Disability, Ideology, and Quality of Life 14. The Challenge of Chronic Pain 15. Chronic Illness and Well-Being 16. Disability and Aging Studies 17. Death, Pandemic, and Intersectionality 18. Disorders of Consciousness, Disability Rights, and Triage during the COVID-19 Pandemic 19. Bioethical Issues in Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease 20. Between “Aid in Dying” and “Assisted Suicide” 21. Theorizing the Intersections of Ableism, Sanism, Ageism and Suicidism in Suicide and Physician-Assisted Death Debates 22. Disability Bioethics and Race 23. Bioethics and the Deaf Community 24. Hunger Always Wins 25. Trans Care within and against the Medical-Industrial Complex 26. Defining Mental Illness & Psychiatric Disability 27. Research Ethics and Intellectual Disability 28. Inconvenient Complications to Patient Choice and Psychiatric Detention 29. Disability Bioethics, Ashley X, and Disability Justice for People with Cognitive Impairments 30. Feminist Theorizing and Disability Bioethics 31. Disability Bioethics and Epistemic Injustice 32. Disability Studies Meets Animal Studies 33. Improving Access within the Clinic 34. The Goals of Medical Technology 35. "Why insist on justice, why not settle for kindness?" Kindness, justice, and cognitive disability 36. Selections of Brilliant Imperfection

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Book SynopsisPerson-centred health care is increasingly endorsed as a key element of high-quality care, yet, in practice, it often means patient-centred health care. This book scrutinizes the principle of primacy of patient welfare, which, although deeply embedded in health professionalism, is long overdue for critical analysis and debate. It appears incontestable because patients have greater immediate health needs than clinicians and the patient-clinician encounter is often recognized as a moral enterprise as well as a service contract. However, Buetow argues that the implication that clinician welfare is secondary can harm clinicians, patients and health system performance.Revaluing participants in health care as moral equals, this book advocates an ethic of virtue to respect the clinician as a whole person whose self-care and care from patients can benefit both parties, because their moral interests intertwine and warrant equal consideration. It then considers how to move from values Table of Contents1. Introduction Part 1: The Need for Change2. Clinician Care of the Patient3. Patient Self-care4. Clinician Self-care5. Patient Care of the ClinicianPart 2: Moving Forward6. From Patient-Centred to Person-Centred Health Care7. Person-centred Health Care: Values and Virtues8. Implementing Person-Centred Health Care

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Book SynopsisThis 2000 book was the first systematic treatment of the fundamental ethical issues underlying the application of genetic technologies to human beings. The authors probe the implications of genetic advances for our understanding of distributive justice, and the role of the concept of human nature in ethical theory and practice.Trade Review'… it should be read by anyone who wants to think well as a citizen about choices that we must increasingly make about our future and the future of our descendants'. The New Republic'Anyone grappling with the extraordinarily difficult problems raised by genetic and reproductive technologies must take this book as a central text.' R. C. Lewontin, Harvard University and author of Biology as Ideology: The Doctrine of DNA'… A benchmark treatise … a succinct and concise statement of the questions that will confront society as genetic techniques and interventions become commonplace in the years ahead.' The New England Journal of Medicine'… Notable both for the breadth of the questions posed and the depth of the potential responses … a much needed and well reasoned ethical compass for future journeys into genetics and genomics.' Francis S. Collins, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C.'If you are interested in the ethical issues surrounding the current and possible future applications of human genetics, then you will want to read this book. It is lengthy and dense, being closely argued, but it is clearly written and does not suffer from the usual problems of multi-author books. the authorial team has clearly taken great pains to argue a consistent view in stylistically consistent prose.' Human Genetics'This book is filled with clear, nuanced and enlightening arguments. Even where one finds oneself disagreeing with the authors, one profits from their analysis and discussion … readers will be well rewarded.' The Philosophical Quarterly'… a fascinating book that provides a systematic and in-depth analysis of the moral questions that would be raised by the use of direct genetic interventions on a large scale, including the role of the state and of the market, and of the question how social justice can be achieved in such circumstances. The book is well argued and well written; it is accessible for interested readers from a wide variety of backgrounds and professions, including geneticists, lawyers, bioethicists, politicians and journalists. Indeed it may help every reflectve citizen concerned about the implications of genetics and genomics for society to think about the dilemmas we are likely to face in the future.' Kargar'There can be little doubt … that this book will play an important part in setting the stage for the debates that will shape the new conceptual tools we now need. this is our best guide to the uncertain future that beckons as the genetic veil of ignorance is lifted.' Practical Philosophy'The authors of this book, all renowned bioethicists, make a remarkable attempt to help professionals grow in moral wisdom. … as an updated systematic survey of genetics-related moral questions, this will remain for years a very useful point of reference for professionals in philosophy, bioethics, law and political science.' The Heythrop JournalTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Eugenics and its shadow; 3. Genes, justice, and human nature; 4. Positive and negative genetic interventions; 5. Reproductive freedom and the prevention of harm; 6. Why not the best?; 7. Genetic intervention and the morality of inclusion; 8. Policy implications; Appendix 1. The meaning of genetic causation, by Elliott Sober; Appendix 2. Methodology; References.

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Book SynopsisRigorous and elegant, this book will be of interest to those in medical fields, to students and scholars of philosophy, and to lay readers interested in the profound ethical dramas played out in hospitals and doctors' offices every day.Trade ReviewHis choice of subjects is refreshingly eclectic, including some of the usual subjects, but also ones less often covered in bioethics books... it is both philosophical and practical... worthy of consideration. Bulletin of Medical Ethics 2004 The writing is accessible, and this book is useful for those who seek a practical approach to some of the more difficult issues in bioethics today. Doody's Book Review Service His lucid analysis strikes at the core normative issues of modern medical practice and paves the way for genuinely useful discussions among philosophers, physicians, and others interested in the future of medicine... Not only innovative but insightful. Choice 2005 This book comes highly recommended to all health practitioners, and especially... where standard care can have major ethical implications. -- Tony O'Brien, RN, M.Phil. Metapsychology 2006Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgments IntroductionPart I: FoundationsChapter 1. The Case of the Empty Head: Cultures, Values, and BioethicsChapter 2. Hippocrates' ChildrenChapter 3. What is Medical Truth?Part II: Clinical PracticeChapter 4. Getting over Informed ConsentChapter 5. Listening to the SilencesChapter 6. Surgeons, Patients, and Unnecessary Holes in the HeadChapter 7. When Good Doctors Do Bad ThingsChapter 8. Is AIDS the Postmodern Illness?Chapter 9. Healthy Bodies, the Medical Panopticon, and Alternative MedicinePart III: The Endings of LifeChapter 10. The Endings of LifeChapter 11. Ethics in LimboChapter 12. Euthanasia, the Pause, and the Last RightsPart IV: The Beginnings of Human LivesChapter 13. Ethics, Embryos, and Stem Cell ResearchChapter 14. Save the Life of My ChildChapter 15. Joanna May Revisited: The Cloning DebateEpilogue: Mildly Philosophical RemarksAppendix A. On MetaethicsAppendix B. Narrative MetaphysicsAppendix C. The Idea of a FormReferencesIndex

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Book SynopsisThis award-winning nursing reference, meticulously researched by luminaries in the field, represents the state of the art in nursing science. Comprehensive and concise, entries provide the most relevant and current research perspectives and demonstrate the depth and breadth of nursing research today. This one-stop reference presents key terms and concepts and clarifies their application to practice.The fourth edition has been substantially updated to contain the latest research for nurse scientists, educators, and students in all clinical specialties. With new information from the National Institute of Nursing Research, this reference is an essential compendium of nursing research for nursing students at any level and researchers in all clinical specialities.New to the Fourth Edition: Extensively revised and updated Provides new information emphasized by the National Institute of Nursing Research on wellness, end-of-life and palliative care, a

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Book SynopsisPsychiatry is medicine''s most multi-disciplinary specialty and arguably its most intellectually and emotionally demanding. It has long attracted dual interpretations from cool, detached perspectives valuing objectivity (classic) to hotter, embodied and more political perspectives valuing subjectivity (romantic). This book argues that psychiatry should become more aware of classic and romantic threads that run through it. Chapters approach core topics in psychiatry and throughout the book both research and case material are used to animate the concepts. The book relates psychiatry to questions in philosophical anthropology and ethics. It presents human nature, mental disorder, and human freedom as inherently inter-related. This is a book of broad appeal to anyone interested in psychiatry and why this branch of medicine has ethical, legal and political significance.

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Book SynopsisThis interdisciplinary volume explores how posthumanist approaches can illuminate current issues in bioethics and considers the relevance of these issues for the humanities, including questions of autonomy and authorship, and notions of ethical and juridical responsibility in the context of a changing understanding of subjectivity. With contributions from a variety of areas, including literature, philosophy, media, and policy-making, the book outlines the historical and philosophical development of posthumanism, and current key questions in bioethics. It generates a dialogue between bioethical approaches and the posthumanities, identifying ways in which posthumanist scholarship might be used to inform bioethical policy. The book also looks more speculatively at the future, and the potential implications of technological developments which are only beginning to emerge. It uses posthumanism to look critically at the humanism underpinning de-extinction Trade Review‘The turn of the twenty-first century and the subsequent continuous emergence of the implications of technological advancement have brought a crisis into the heart of the humanities. . . . Beyond merely philosophizing, Danielle Sands seeks to explore the practical applications of posthuman theory by connecting it with the field of bioethics. . . . The ultimate goal is not simply to revolutionize health studies but to facilitate social justice and equality; now and in our posthuman future.’Stavroula Anastasia Katsorchi, Journal of PosthumanismTable of ContentsIntroduction: Encounters between Bioethics and the PosthumanitiesDanielle SandsPART I: Bioethical Challenges Therapy, Enhancement, and the Social Model of Disability Michael Wee Rethinking the Posthuman in Bioethics David Boden and Sarah Chan Gen-Ethics, Policy and the Posthumanities Ruth Chadwick PART II: Bioethics and Posthumanism in Dialogue Questioning the Politics of Human Enhancement Technologies Tom Hobson and Anna Roessing Biohumanities Stefan Herbrechter Autonomous: Bioethics and/as Intellectual Property Megen de Bruin-Molé PART III: Exploring Posthuman Futures A Posthumanist Critique of De-Extinction Science Sarah Bezan Posthumanism and the Bioethics of Moral ResponsibilityMatt Hayler The Filter Problem for Posthuman Bioethics: The Case of Hyperagency David Roden

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Book SynopsisThis innovative and engaging book argues that because our genetic information is directly linked to the genetic information of others, it is impossible to assert a right to privacy' in the same way that we can in other areas of life. This position throws up questions around access to sensitive data. It suggests that we may have to abandon certain intuitions about who may access our genetic information; and it raises concerns about discrimination against people with certain genetic characteristics. But the author asserts that regulating access to genetic information requires a more nuanced perspective that does not rely on the familiar language of rights. The book proposes new ways in which we may think about who has access to what genetic information, and on what basis they do so. Conceptually challenging, the book will prove engaging reading for scholars and students interested in the area of bioethics and medical law, as well as policy makers working with these presTable of ContentsIntroduction. Part I: Presumptions and Foundations. 1.Genes and Information Sharing. 2.What is Privacy? Part II: A Sceptic’s Tour of Genetic Privacy Rights. 3.Rights to know and Duties no to. 4.What is a Privacy Right? 5.Other Ways to Think about Privacy Rights. 6.Privacy and Reasons to Disclose. Part III: Rebuilding Genetic Privacy Rights. 7.Reinventing Privacy. 8.Reinvention and Regulation.

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Book SynopsisAs increasing quantities of health and biological information are generated, the need for us all to consider the human impacts of its ubiquity becomes more urgent than ever. This book explains the ethical imperative to take seriously the potential impacts on our identities of encountering bioinformation about ourselves.Table of Contents1. Attending to identity; 2. Mapping the landscape; 3. Narrative self-constitution; 4. Bioinformation in embodied identity narratives; 5. Encounters with bioinformation: three examples; 6. Locating identity interests; 7. Responsibilities for disclosure; 8. Protecting identity in practice.

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Book SynopsisIn the last three decades, the human body has gained increasing prominence in contemporary political debates, and it has become a central topic of modern social sciences and humanities. Modern technologies such as organ transplants, stem-cell research, nanotechnology, cosmetic surgery and cryonics have changed how we think about the body. In this collection of thirty original essays by leading figures in the field, these issues are explored across a number of theoretical and disciplinary perspectives, including pragmatism, feminism, queer theory, post-modernism, post-humanism, cultural sociology, philosophy and anthropology. A wide range of case studies, which include cosmetics, diet, organ transplants, racial bodies, masculinity and sexuality, eating disorders, religion and the sacred body, and disability, are used to appraise these different perspectives.In addition, this Handbook explores various epistemological approaches to the basic questTable of ContentsIntroduction: the Turn of the Body Body, Self and Society 1. Simone de Beauvoir and Binaries of the Body 2. Pragmatism’s Embodied Philosophy: From Immediate Experience to Somaesthetics 3. Norbert Elias and the Body 4. Embodied Practice: Martin Heidegger, Pierre Bourdieu and Michel Foucault 5. My Multiple Sick Bodies: Symbolic Interactionism, Autoethnography and Embodiment 6. Feminist theory: Bodies, Science and Technology 7. Foucault’s Body What is a Body? 8. Layers or Versions? Human Bodies and the Love of Bitterness 9. Phenomenology and the Body 10. Social Constructionism and the Body 11. From Embodied Regulations to Hybrid Ontologies: Questioning Archaeological Bodies 12. Social Brains, Embodiment and Neuro-Interactionism Religion and the Body 13. Relics of Faith: Fleshly Desires, Ascetic Disciplines and Devotional Affect in the Transnational Sathya Sai Movement 14. The Body and the Veil 15. Recomposing Decimated Bodies Medical Regimes and the Body 16. Death Signals Life: A Semiotics of the Corpse 17. Beyond the Anorexic Paradigm: Re-Thinking ‘Eating’ Disorders 18. Disability, Impairment and the Body 19. The Body, Social Inequality and Health 20. Health and the Embodiment of the Life Course Gender, Sexualities and Race 21. Chinese Male Bodies: A Transnational Study of Masculinity and Sexuality 22. Male Bodies, Masculine Bodies, Men’s Bodies: The Need for a Concept of Gex 23. Racialized Bodies Technologies and Body Modification 24. Getting Work Done: Cosmetic Surgery as Constraint, as Commodity, as Commonplace 25. Modified Bodies: Texts, Projects and Process 26. Questions of Life and Death: A Genealogy 27. Rejecting the Aging Body 28. Conclusion: The Varieties of My Body: Pain, Ethics and Illusio

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Book SynopsisExposing the human consequences of Canada's broken research system.The governance framework for human research in Canada is dangerously flawed and has the potential to lead to harm and suffering.Canadian researchers and research companies have been allowed to flirt with informed consent, forum shop for less restrictive oversight, and violate the rights, safety, and welfare of fellow Canadians including those in situations of vulnerability under the watchful eye of a federal government unwilling to fix the system.In Ethics on Trial, Janice E. Parente who has led the fight for oversight and accountability of human research in Canada for three decades shows readers the devastating human consequences of the current flawed approach. She proposes a simple solution that embraces a good and ethical system of governance a system that Canadians should insist on and Canada's lawmakers and research funders should adopt.

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Book SynopsisThis book proposes an ethical and legal framework to improve the responses to social issues related not only to the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, but also to future pandemics. Its contents cover the issues that are likely to be most controversial in any public health crisis. It starts by discussing non-pharmacological measures, such as the appropriateness of confinement, how to control compliance with public health measures and the ethical, legal and social acceptability of health certificates. Then it turns to issues related to the production, distribution and administration of vaccines, with a particular focus on the design and implementation of vaccination policies. Finally, it analyses the most appropriate criteria to develop a triage, when the situation brings us to this terrible scenario. The analyses presented in this book are based on the ethical and legal frameworks, as well as the social context, of the European Union, and aims to address the main dilemmas faced by any liberal democracy dealing with a pandemic: how to reconcile the defense against a public health crisis together with a respect for fundamental rights and freedoms. The European legal systems have developed a number of conceptual tools designed to ensure that there is no room for arbitrariness in the restrictions introduced by the political power in emergency situations, and this book builds upon these tools. The Ethical, Legal and Social Issues of Pandemics: An Analysis from the EU Perspective is a predominantly practice-oriented book, which will help policy makers to adopt policies that effectively combine public health needs with individual rights and freedoms. It will also help health care givers to understand better the ethical and legal issues involved in their work and citizens, in general, to participate in public decision making in an informed manner. Finally, it will help to design tools that faithfully comply with existing fundamental rights standards.Table of Contents1.Confinement, isolation and tracking.- 2.Immunity Certificates: The New Frontier.- 3.Vaccines (I). Creation and distribution.- 4.Vaccination (II). Vaccination policies.- 5.Triage: when the tsunami hits.

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Book SynopsisThis book exposes, and fills, a notable void in the educational content generally covered in modern schools of medicine. It provides an introduction to the field at large in terms of content that is relevant for each of the specialties and subspecialties of medicine; and to this end, it addresses the modern counterpart of the Hippocratic philosophy that was at the root of the genesis of modern medicine. The much-needed but still-missing introductory content for the interdisciplinary 'medical common,' provided in this book, addresses mainly the most elementary concepts and principles of medicine. Those concepts flow, hierarchically, from the essence of (health and) ill-health/illness for one and that of medicine for another, both of these critically formulated; and those principles are dictates of logic and ethics, both specific to medicine. While a modern physician is expected to be competent as a scholar in his/her particular discipline of medicine, study of this book is essential for the development of that competence -- for learning, for example, to make a tenable distinction between scientific medicine and medical science, and between knowledge-based medicine (scientific and other) and its opinion-based substitutes ('evidence-based' and other)."To me it is astonishing and to medicine actually shameful that it has taken up to year 2015 before there is a work in which the essence of medicine is described and discussed." -- J. Steurer, University of Zurich "[In this book], Miettinen beautifully elucidates the concepts and principles of knowledge-based diagnosis, and prognosis, within medicine. Now, after six decades of keen observation and study, and critical reflection on medicine and medical research, Miettinen, in this book, shares the fundamental understandings he has reached; ..." -- T. J. VanderWeele, Harvard University "The aim of this book ... is admirable. The composition of the book -- from the key concepts to logical and ethical principles -- is very clear and systematic. I am convinced that this kind of book is needed." -- I. Niiniluoto, University of HelsinkiTrade Review "To me it is astonishing and to medicine actually shameful that it has taken up to year 2015 before there is a work in which the essence of medicine is described and discussed." -- J. Steurer, University of Zurich "[In this book], Miettinen beautifully elucidates the concepts and principles of knowledge-based diagnosis, and prognosis, within medicine. Now, after six decades of keen observation and study, and critical reflection on medicine and medical research, Miettinen, in this book, shares the fundamental understandings he has reached; ..." -- T. J. VanderWeele, Harvard University "The aim of this book ... is admirable. The composition of the book -- from the key concepts to logical and ethical principles -- is very clear and systematic. I am convinced that this kind of book is needed." -- I. Niiniluoto, University of HelsinkiTable of ContentsForewordPrefaceAcknowledgmentsPART I. PREAMBLE1. THE GENESIS OF MODERN MEDICINE2. HOW TO INTRODUCE MODERN MEDICINEPart II. GENERAL CONCEPTS OF MEDICINE3. GENERAL CONCEPTS OF THE OBJECTS OF MEDICINE4. GENERAL CONCEPTS OF MEDICINE ITSELFPart III. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MEDICINE5. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF MEDICINEPart IV. PURSUING EXCELLENCE IN MEDICINE6. DEFINING ATTAINABLE EXCELLENCE7. PURSUING ATTAINABLE EXCELLENCEPart V. EPILOGUE8. THE MEANING OF IT ALLAPPENDICES

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Book SynopsisThe Dark Side of Healthcare draws uncomfortable lessons from over 300 case studies of events that occurred in the healthcare sector. Health services have many skilled and dedicated professionals but there is a dark side that cannot be ignored. The unthinkable has happened and might have been prevented.The case studies from many countries include serial killers with a health background, drugs and medical devices that proved to be dangerous, negligent and poor clinical practices, as well as incompetent and weak management that led to failing hospitals and harm to patients. There are also corruption cases, accidents at work, and cases involving the sexual exploitation of children. Politicians' early responses to COVID-19 and the subsequent missteps are also scrutinised. Many of the errors and omissions that led to patient harm have been repeated.This book is not an attack on health services or health professionals. Instead, it is a search for ways of making health delivery safer for patients and staff who deliver care often in challenging circumstances. Its focus is learning rather than blame.

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Book SynopsisIn Bioethics in Context, Gary Jones and Joseph DeMarco connect ethical theory, medicine, and the law, guiding readers toward a practical and legally grounded understanding of key issues in health-care ethics. This book is uniquely up-to-date in its discussion of health-care law and unpacks the complex web of American policies, including the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Useful case studies and examples are embedded throughout, and a companion website offers a thorough, curated database of relevant legal precedents as well as additional case studies and other resources.Trade Review“This is a terrific, highly engaging introduction to bioethics. It gives practitioners and students of medicine, nursing, and law the language, theoretical background, and basic legal knowledge to join the conversation about important contemporary problems in bioethics, and it includes plenty of practice thinking through knotty problems.” —Michelle M. Mello, Stanford Law School“Bioethics in Context is a welcome book for bioethics instructors. Most bioethics issues are inextricably tied to legal concerns, so they cannot be understood without an appreciation of the current laws. This text is unique in its recognition of the importance of this relationship. It addresses the ethical and legal issues together, providing a robust understanding of the topics. The authors have done an admirable job of making both ethics and the law accessible for students.” —Joan McGregor, Arizona State University“Bioethics in Context should be enthusiastically received by teachers of biomedical ethics. Gary Jones and Joseph DeMarco provide up-to-date coverage of all the principal issues in the field, masterfully discussing the main positions, arguments, and contributors to current debates. The authors provide a wealth of concrete case studies and emphasize how ethical, legal, and social norms intersect and sometimes conflict. Highly recommended.” —David Svolba, Fitchburg State UniversityTable of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroductionChapter 1: Moral Theory in Bioethics Consequentialism and Deontology Consequentialism Rule Consequentialism Hare’s Utilitarianism Kantian Deontology Rule Theory Case Study: Dr. Mando Alternative Approaches Principlism Particularism Virtue Ethics Feminist Ethics and the Ethics of Care Casuistry Conclusion Exercises and Discussion Questions Chapter 2: Basic Law The American Legal System Common Law Statutory Law Executive Orders and Agencies Constitutional Law State Court Systems The Federal Court System Legal Processes and Lawsuits Legal Processes Lawsuits Ethics and the Law Conclusion Exercises and Discussion Questions Chapter 3: Justice and the Right to Care The Meaning of Justice Justice and Equality Equality of Resources: Ronald Dworkin Group Equality: R.H. Tawney Complex Equality: Michael Walzer Criteria of Just Distribution Theories of Justice Utilitarian Theory Social Contract Theory Libertarian Theory Feminist Ethics and Just Health Care Norman Daniels’s Approach to Health-Care Justice Just Health Care: Beauchamp and Childress Allocation of Health Care Models for the Allocation of Health Care to Individuals The Proprietary Model The Merit Model The Social Worth Model The Need Model Policy Options for the Allocation of Health Care Fee-for-Service Model The Universal and Comprehensive Provision of Benefits Model Fee-for-Service with a Safety Net Model Universal Basic Health-Care Model Professional Considerations Containment of Health-Care Costs Rationing of Health Care Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act The PPACA and the Iron Triangle Accessibility Quality Cost Concerns about the Viability of the PPACA The PPACA and the US Constitution Expansion of Medicaid Individual Mandate Ethical Aspects of the Individual Mandate and Medicaid Expansion Conclusion Exercises and Discussion Questions Chapter 4: The Duty to Treat Physicians and Other Health-Care Providers In General, No Duty to Treat Duty Not to Abandon Is There a Moral Duty to Treat? Standards of Care Malpractice Good Samaritan Laws Hospitals Medicare Medicaid Emergency Treatment Staff Physicians Nurses Rights and Duties of Third-Party Payers ERISA: Employment Retirement Income Security Act Conclusion Exercises and Discussion Questions Chapter 5: Informed Consent The Basics of Informed Consent Three Concepts of Informed Consent Elements of Informed Consent Disclosure Waiving and Delegating Informed Consent Proxy Decision Making Advance Directives Assessing Capacity The Meaning of Decisional Capacity Mental Illness and Capacity to Consent Enhancing Capacity Capacity: Young and Old Religion and Capacity Does Rejection of Treatment Indicate Incapacity? Erring on the Side of Autonomy Assessing Capacity Informed Consent: Ethical Issues Constraints on Informed Consent Coercion Manipulation Offers and Rewards Influence Medical Paternalism Autonomy vs. Beneficence Ethical Evaluation of Informed Consent Informed Consent and Ethics Committees Informed Consent: Legal Issues The Scope of Informed Consent Community of Physicians Standard Reasonable Physician Standard Objective Patient Standard Subjective Patient Standard Three Exceptions to Informed Consent Incompetency Emergency Care The Therapeutic Privilege Legal Consequences of the Failure to Obtain Informed Consent Revising Informed Consent False Imprisonment Special Problem Areas Conclusion Exercises and Discussion Questions Chapter 6: Informed Refusal and the Discontinuation of Treatment The Criteria for and Meaning of Death Persistent Vegetative States Religious Objections to the Brain-Death Criterion Medical Futility What Is Medical Futility? Physiological or Strict Futility Quantitative Futility Qualitative Futility Case Studies of Medical Futility Are Wanglie and Baby K Cases of Medical Futility? Who Decides? What Is the Chance of Success? Policies on Futility The AMA Policy The Texas Statute Discontinuing Medical Treatment Determining Whether to Discontinue Treatment Family Consent Substituted Judgment Best Interest Standard Mixed Standard: Limited Objective Test Withdrawing versus Withholding Treatment Passive Euthanasia Active Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide The Ethics and Laws of Assisted Suicide Ethical and Legal Foundations of Informed Refusal The Ethics of Informed Refusal Legal Foundations of Informed Refusal Karen Quinlan: Privacy and Treatment Nancy Cruzan: Clear and Convincing Evidence Elizabeth Bouvia: Do Motives Matter? Removing Respirators versus Removing Feeding Tubes Other Cases: Schiavo and Borenstein Treatment Decisions Involving Children Birth Defects and Treatments Parental Autonomy and Mandated Treatment Refusal of Treatment for Religious Reasons Conclusion Exercises and Discussion Questions Chapter 7: Nursing: Legal and Moral Issues What is Nursing? Licensure and Credentialing Nurse Practice Acts and Nursing Boards Standard of Care Nurses and Conscience Clauses The Limits of Nurses’ Responsibilities Nurses and Diagnoses Whose Obligation: Nurse’s or Physician’s? Nurses Practicing Medicine? Advocating for a Patient Boundary Violations Nurses in Emergencies Some Particular Duties and Obligations Nursing Assessment Acquiring Informed Consent Duty to Protect against Patient Self-Harm v Duty to Warn Third Parties Reporting Suspected Child Abuse Conclusion Exercises and discussion questions Chapter 8: Privacy and Confidentiality Privacy Privacy as a Moral Rule Utilitarian Justifications for Privacy Covert Surveillance The Legal Right to Privacy The Right to Privacy of Conduct The Right to Privacy of Information Confidentiality The Physician–Patient Relationship The Physician’s Obligation of Confidentiality HIPAA Regulations Maintaining Confidentiality Other Legal Exceptions to Confidentiality Evaluating the Tarasoff Case HIV and the Law Duty to Warn of Genetic Risk Conclusion Exercises and Discussion Questions Chapter 9: Cultural Competency The Importance of Cultural Competency Reasons in Support of Cultural Competency Medical Diagnoses and Cultural Difference Reacting to Patients: Responding to Differences Respecting Differences and Negotiating Biases Responding to Patient Biases Not All People in Any Culture Are the Same Whose Culture Dominates? The Initial Encounter with Patients Cultural Competency and Informed Consent Cultural Competency and Informed Refusal Cultural Competency and Translation Translation and the Law When Culture Conflicts with the Law Deciding to Report Balancing Moral and Legal Obligations The Affordable Care Act Conclusion Exercises and Discussion Questions Chapter 10: Issues in Human Reproduction Abortion Fetuses and Personhood Philosophical Perspectives on Abortion Legal Aspects of AbortionThe Legal Status of the Fetus In Vitro Fertilization Surrogate Motherhood Involuntary Sterilization Genetic Testing and Treatments Genetics and Disease Genetic Testing Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Genetic Enhancements Senescence Happiness The Stem-Cell Debate Human Cloning Cloning to Produce Children Cloning for Research Purposes Conclusion Exercises and Discussion Questions Chapter 11: Mental Illness What is Mental Illness? Commitment, Consent, and Decision Making Institutional Commitment and Consent Treatment Decisions Incompetence The Use of Restraints Legal Responsibilities and Liabilities Malpractice Duties to Third Parties Conclusion Exercises and Discussion Questions Chapter 12: Medical Research: Clinical Trials What are Clinical Trials? Protecting Research Subjects Historical Abuse The Belmont Report The Declaration of Helsinki Placebos Types of Clinical Trials Phase I Trials Phase II Trials Phase III Trials Protocols Clinical Equipoise Participation in a Clinical Trial Federal Regulations Legal Issues in Clinical Trials Abney, et al. v. Amgen Inc. Grimes v. Kennedy Krieger Institute, Inc.; Myron Higgins, A Minor, Etc., et al. v. Kennedy Krieger Institute, Inc. Kristina Ann Dahl, MD, et al. v. HEM Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al. Estate of Kevin Baker v. University of Vermont Greenberg, et al. v. Miami Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Inc., et al. Conclusion Exercises and Discussion Questions Chapter 13: Transplantation Ethics Organ Donation Evaluating Prospective Organ Recipients Selling Organs Live Donors Donors Lacking Competence Donations against One’s Will Prisoners as Organ Donors Conclusion Exercises and Discussion Questions IndexIndex of Court CasesIndex of Statutes Index of Model Acts

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Book SynopsisWhat makes a good doctor? Are there bad doctors out there - and if so how do we protect patients from them? Can we inject more information, more trust and more assured competence into the medical system to solve these problems? Drawing on his years of dealing with patient concerns, Ron Paterson tackles these important questions. The book makes challenging arguments: that patients don't demand the sort of information about doctors that they should; that doctors who feel put upon by information overload, patient demands, complaints and growing requirements from employers, colleges, medical boards and government, will be resistant to any additional regulation of their activity; that doctors are reluctant to judge problem doctors and prefer the `quiet chat'; And that current law and practice is lax when it comes to checking that doctors remain up-to-date. Paterson concludes the book with proposals to lift the veil of secrecy, to inform patients better and to revalidate doctors periodically, all key ways we might improve patient care. The Good Doctor will be prescribed reading for doctors, patients and policymakers-all of those determined to make sure patients get the medical care they deserve.Table of ContentsPreface -- Part One: The Good Doctor: the ideal -- Part Two: Problem doctors: part of the reality -- Part Three: The roadblocks: why is change so difficult? -- Part Four: Prescription for change: what can we improve? -- Epilogue -- Select Bibliography -- Acknowledgements -- Index.

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Book SynopsisNatural childbirth and rooming in; artificial insemination and in vitro fertilisation; sterilisation and abortion: women’s health and reproduction went through a revolution in the twentieth century as scientific advances confronted ethical and political dilemmas. In New Zealand, the major site for this revolution was National Women’s Hospital.Established in Auckland in 1946, with a purpose-built building that opened in 1964, National Women’s was the home of medical breakthroughs by Sir William (Bill) Liley and Sir Graham (Mont) Liggins; of the Lawson quintuplets and the ‘glamorous gynaecologists’; and of scandals surrounding the ‘unfortunate experiment’ and the neonatal chest physiotherapy inquiry.In this major history, Linda Bryder traces the rise and fall of National Women’s over half a century in order to tell a wider story of reproductive health. She uses the varying perspectives of doctors, nurses, midwives, consumer groups and patients to show how together their dialogue shaped the nature of motherhood and women’s health in twentieth-century New Zealand.

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Book SynopsisTells the story of how the traumatic victim became culturally and politically respectable, and how trauma itself became an unassailable moral category. Revealing how trauma has come to authenticate the suffering of victims, this title provides critical perspective on some of the moral and political issues at stake in the contemporary world.Trade ReviewWinner of the 2010 William A. Douglass Prize for Best Book in Europeanist Anthropology, Society for the Anthropology of Europe/American Anthropological Association "A model contribution to this collective effort at understanding and mitigating the world's misery... [This] calm and mighty book is no less than a staccato history of military and civilian suffering since 1914... Splendid."--Fred Inglis, Times Higher Education "A must read for those interested in trauma, this book looks at the ubiquity of trauma and the development of a new vocabulary and discourse of traumatic events."--A.N. Douglas, Choice "[A]s Didier Fassin and Richard Rechtman elegantly describe in their new book, ... what has happened is nothing less than a fundamental change in what it means to be 'traumatised'... [M]ental health professionals never seem far away from either challenge or crisis, which is why the work is so demanding but also stimulating and never dull. Much the same is true of Empire of Trauma."--Simon Wessely, British Medical Journal "A model of social inquiry, The Empire of Trauma is a major contribution not only to our understanding of trauma and the nature of victimhood but to our purchase on the times in which we live."--Joseph E. Davis, Canadian Journal of Sociology "This is an unusual book for the psychiatric bookshelf, because the authors seek to stand free of the scientific facts altogether and to ask simply what impact the emergence of the trauma narrative has had upon the world. This, they argue, is the anthropological stance: to ask how ideas emerge in a society and come to be seen as true, and what follows from that truth, without asking whether those ideas are in fact true. Because of this stance, the book will be read as provocative; but it should be read, because the authors have something to say."--Tanya M. Luhrmann, American Journal of Psychiatry "The Empire of Trauma: An Inquiry into the Condition of Victimhood makes a signal contribution to the genre of 'the history of the present'... The detail and finesse with which theory and data are woven together for each case makes this book compelling... [I]ndeed, a splendid achievement."--Veena Das, American Journal of Sociology "[T]his book presents a well-reasoned discourse on the concepts of trauma, trauma-related disorders, treatment and their relationships to social, political and economic considerations. It will appeal to scholars in a number of disciplines including anthropology, psychiatry, psychology, history and sociology."--Shameran Slewa-Younan, MetascienceTable of ContentsPreface to the English Edition xi Introduction: A New Language of the Event 1 PART ONE: The Reversing of the Truth 13 CHAPTER ONE: A Dual Genealogy 25 The Significance of a Controversy 27 The Birth of Trauma 30 Labor Laws 34 CHAPTER TWO: The Long Hunt 40 Cowardice or Death 41 The Brutalization of Therapy 43 After the War 50 A French History 54 CHAPTER THREE: The Intimate Confession 58 War Psychoanalysis 59 A Profitable Sickness 64 Victims of the Self 66 The Issue of Survival 70 CHAPTER FOUR: An End to Suspicion 77 Women and Children First 78 The Consecration of the Event 84 The Last Witnesses 88 The Humanity of Criminals 93 PART TWO: The Politics of Reparation 99 CHAPTER FIVE: Psychiatric Victimology 107 Victims' Rights 108 The Resistance of Psychiatry 115 An Ambiguous Origin 119 A Relative Autonomy 124 CHAPTER SIX: Toulouse 128 The Summons to Trauma 130 Emergency Care in Question 135 Inequalities and Exclusions 140 Consolation and Compensation 148 PART THREE: The Politics of Testimony 155 CHAPTER SEVEN: Humanitarian Psychiatry 163 One Origin, Two Accounts 164 In the Beginning Was Humanitarianism 171 On the Margins of War 177 The Frontiers of Humanity 183 CHAPTER EIGHT: Palestine 189 The Need to Testify 192 The Chronicles of Suffering 197 The Equivalence of Victims 203 Histories without a History 209 PART FOUR: The Politics of Proof 217 CHAPTER NINE: The Psychotraumatology of Exile 225 The Immigrant, Between Native and Foreigner 226 The Clinical Practice of Asylum 231 A Change of Paradigm 236 The Evidence of the Body 242 CHAPTER TEN: Asylum 250 The Illegitimate Refugee 252 Recognizing the Sign 258 The Truth of Writing 264 The Meaning of Words 269 CONCLUSION: The Moral Economy of Trauma 275 Bibliography 285 Index of Names 299 Index of Subjects 303

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