Mechanical engineering Books

Book SynopsisHeating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning The authoritative resource providing coverage of all aspects of HVAC, fully updated to align with the latest HVAC technologies and methods Now in its Seventh Edition, Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning has been fully updated to align with the latest technologies and industry developments while maintaining the balance of theoretical information with practical applications that has prepared many generations of students for their careers. As they work through the book, students will become familiar with different types of heating and air conditioning systems and equipment, understand processes and concepts involving moist atmospheric air, learn how to provide comfort to occupants in controlled spaces, and gain practice calculating probable heat loss/gain and energy requirements. A companion website includes additional multiple-choice questions, tutorial videos showing problem-solving for R-value calculationTable of ContentsAbout the Companion Website xi 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Historical Notes 2 1.2 Common HVAC Units and Dimensions 3 1.3 Fundamental Physical Concepts 6 1.4 Additional Comments 18 References 19 Problems 19 2. Air-Conditioning Systems 22 2.1 The Complete System 22 2.2 System Selection and Arrangement 24 2.3 HVAC Components and Distribution Systems 27 2.4 Types of All-Air Systems 28 2.5 Air-and-Water Systems 35 2.6 All-Water Systems 37 2.7 Decentralized Cooling and Heating 38 2.8 Heat Pump Systems 41 2.9 Heat Recovery Systems 43 2.10 Thermal Energy Storage 44 References 45 Problems 46 3. Moist Air Properties and Conditioning Processes 49 3.1 Moist Air and The Standard Atmosphere 49 3.2 Fundamental Parameters 51 3.3 Adiabatic Saturation 53 3.4 Wet Bulb Temperature and the Psychrometric Chart 55 3.5 Classic Moist Air Processes 57 3.6 Space Air Conditioning—Design Conditions 66 3.7 Space Air Conditioning—Off-Design Conditions 77 References 81 Problems 81 4. Comfort and Health—Indoor Environmental Quality 86 4.1 Comfort—Physiological Considerations 87 4.2 Environmental Comfort Indices 87 4.3 Comfort Conditions 91 4.4 The Basic Concerns of IAQ 93 4.5 Common Contaminants 94 4.6 Methods to Control Humidity 96 4.7 Methods to Control Contaminants 98 References 116 Problems 116 5. Heat Transmission in Building Structures 120 5.1 Basic Heat-Transfer Modes 120 5.2 Tabulated Overall Heat-Transfer Coefficients 139 5.3 Moisture Transmission 154 References 155 Problems 155 6. Space Heating Load 159 6.1 Outdoor Design Conditions 159 6.2 Indoor Design Conditions 160 6.3 Transmission Heat Losses 161 6.4 Infiltration 161 6.5 Heat Losses from Air Ducts 174 6.6 Auxiliary Heat Sources 176 6.7 Intermittently Heated Structures 176 6.8 Supply Air for Space Heating 176 6.9 Source Media for Space Heating 177 6.10 Computer Calculation of Heating Loads 178 References 179 Problems 180 7. Solar Radiation 182 7.1 Thermal Radiation 182 7.2 The Earth’s Motion About the Sun 185 7.3 Time 186 7.4 Solar Angles 188 7.5 Solar Irradiation 191 7.6 Heat Gain Through Fenestrations 198 7.7 Energy Calculations 213 References 214 Problems 214 8. The Cooling Load 217 8.1 Heat Gain, Cooling Load, and Heat Extraction Rate 217 8.2 Application of Cooling Load Calculation Procedures 220 8.3 Design Conditions 221 8.4 Internal Heat Gains 222 8.5 Overview of the Heat Balance Method 226 8.6 Transient Conduction Heat Transfer 228 8.7 Outside Surface Heat Balance—Opaque Surfaces 232 8.8 Fenestration—Transmitted Solar Radiation 238 8.9 Interior Surface Heat Balance—Opaque Surfaces 240 8.10 Surface Heat Balance—Transparent Surfaces 246 8.11 Zone Air Heat Balance 250 8.12 Implementation of the Heat Balance Method 255 8.13 Radiant Time Series Method 256 8.14 Implementation of the Radiant Time Series Method 266 8.15 Supply Air Quantities 273 References 273 Problems 275 9. Energy Calculations and Building Simulation 279 9.1 Degree-Day Procedure 279 9.2 Bin Method 282 9.3 Comprehensive Simulation Methods 287 9.4 Energy Calculation Tools 293 9.5 Other Aspects of Building Simulation 294 References 294 Problems 297 10. Flow, Pumps, and Piping Design 298 10.1 Fluid Flow Basics 298 10.2 Centrifugal Pumps 309 10.3 Combined System and Pump Characteristics 313 10.4 Piping System Fundamentals 317 10.5 System Design 335 10.6 Steam Heating Systems 343 References 356 Problems 357 11. Space Air Diffusion 363 11.1 Behavior of Jets 363 11.2 Air-Distribution System Design 371 References 388 Problems 388 12. Fans and Building Air Distribution 391 12.1 Fans 391 12.2 Fan Relations 391 12.3 Fan Performance and Selection 396 12.4 Fan Installation 403 12.5 Field Performance Testing 410 12.6 Fans and Variable-Air-Volume Systems 412 12.7 Air Flow in Ducts 414 12.8 Air Flow in Fittings 421 12.9 Accessories 434 12.10 Duct Design—General 435 12.11 Duct Design—Sizing 440 References 450 Problems 450 13. Direct Contact Heat and Mass Transfer 456 13.1 Combined Heat and Mass Transfer 456 13.2 Spray Chambers 459 13.3 Cooling Towers 467 References 474 Problems 475 14. Extended Surface Heat Exchangers 477 14.1 The Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) Method 478 14.2 The Number of Transfer Units (NTU) Method 479 14.3 Heat Transfer—Single-Component Fluids 480 14.4 Transport Coefficients Inside Tubes 487 14.5 Transport Coefficients Outside Tubes and Compact Surfaces 492 14.6 Design Procedures for Sensible Heat Transfer 498 14.7 Combined Heat and Mass Transfer 509 References 520 Problems 520 15. Refrigeration 524 15.1 The Performance of Refrigeration Systems 524 15.2 The Theoretical Single-Stage Compression Cycle 526 15.3 Refrigerants 529 15.4 Refrigeration Equipment Components 535 15.5 The Real Single-Stage Cycle 549 15.6 Absorption Refrigeration 555 15.7 The Theoretical Absorption Refrigeration System 565 15.8 The Aqua–Ammonia Absorption System 567 15.9 The Lithium Bromide–Water System 571 References 574 Problems 574 Appendix A. Thermophysical Properties 577 Table A.1a Properties of Refrigerant 718 (Water–Steam)—English Units 578 Table A.1b Properties of Refrigerant 718 (Water–Steam)—SI Units 579 Table A.2a Properties of Refrigerant 134a (1,1,1,2 Tetrafluoroethane)—English Units 580 Table A.2b Properties of Refrigerant 134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane)—SI Units 582 Table A.3a Properties of Refrigerant 22 (Chlorodifluoromethane)—English Units 584 Table A.3b Properties of Refrigerant 22 (Chlorodifluoromethane)—SI Units 586 Table A.4a Air—English Units 588 Table A.4b Air—SI Units 589 Appendix B. Weather Data 590 Table B.1a Heating and Cooling Design Conditions—United States, Canada, and the World—English Units 591 Table B.1b Heating and Cooling Design Conditions—United States, Canada, and World—SI Units 594 Table B.2 Annual Bin Weather Data for Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 35 24 N, 97 36 W, 1285 ft Elevation 597 Table B.3 Annual Bin Weather Data for Chicago, Illinois, 41 47 N, 87 45 W, 607 ft Elevation 597 Table B.4 Annual Bin Weather Data for Denver, Colorado, 39 45 N, 104 52 W, 5283 ft Elevation 598 Table B.5 Annual Bin Weather Data for Washington, D.C., 38 51 N, 77 02 W, 14 ft Elevation 598 Appendix C. Pipe and Tube Data 599 Table C.1 Steel Pipe Dimensions—English and SI Units 600 Table C.2 Type L Copper Tube Dimensions—English and SI Units 601 Appendix D. Useful Data 602 Table D.1 Conversion Factors 603 Appendix E. Charts 605 Chart 1a ASHRAE psychrometric chart no. 1 (IP) (Reprinted by permission of ASHRAE.) 606 Chart 1b ASHRAE psychrometric chart no. 1 (SI) (Reprinted by permission of ASHRAE.) 607 Chart 1Ha ASHRAE psychrometric chart no. 4 (IP) (Reprinted by permission of ASHRAE.) 608 Chart 1Hb ASHRAE psychrometric chart no. 6 (SI) (Reprinted by permission of ASHRAE.) 609 Chart 2 Enthalpy–concentration diagram for ammonia–water solutions (From Unit Operations by G. G. Brown, Copyright © 1951 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) 610 Chart 3 Pressure–enthalpy diagram for refrigerant 134a (Reprinted by permission.) 611 Chart 4 Pressure–enthalpy diagram for refrigerant 22 (Reprinted by permission.) 612 Chart 5 Enthalpy–concentration diagram for Lithium Bromide–water solutions (Courtesy of Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago IL.) 613 Chart 6 Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Freon™ 407C (SI Units). Courtesy of Chemours 614 Chart 7 Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Freon™ 407A (SI Units). Courtesy of Chemours 615 Chart 8 Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Freon™ 410A (SI Units). Courtesy of Chemours 616 Index 617

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn introductory reference covering the devices, simulations and limitations in the control of servo systems Linking theoretical material with real-world applications, this book provides a valuable introduction to motion system design. The book begins with an overview of classic theory, its advantages and limitations, before showing how classic limitations can be overcome with complete system simulation. The ability to efficiently vary system parameters (such as inertia, friction, dead-band, damping), and quickly determine their effect on performance, stability, efficiency, is also described. The author presents a detailed review of major component characteristics and limitations as they relate to system design and simulation. The use of computer simulation throughout the book will familiarize the reader as to how this contributes to efficient system design, how it avoids potential design flaws and saves both time and expense throughout the design process.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Targeted Readership 2 1.2 Motion System History 2 1.3 Suggested Library for Motion System Design 5 Reference 6 2 Control Theory Overview 7 2.1 Classic Differential/Integral Equation Approach 7 2.2 LaPlace Transform-the S Domain 10 2.3 The Transfer Function 13 2.4 Open versus Closed Loop Control 15 2.5 Stability 22 2.6 Basic Mechanical and Electrical Systems 23 2.7 Sampled Data Systems/Digital Control 28 References 34 3 System Components 35 3.1 Motors and Amplifiers 35 3.2 Gearheads 107 3.3 Leadscrews and Ballscrews 119 3.4 Belt and Pulley 126 3.5 Rack and Pinion 129 3.6 Clutches and Brakes 132 3.7 Servo Couplings 140 3.8 Feedback Devices 146 References 164 Additional Readings 165 4 System Design 167 4.1 Position, Velocity, Acceleration, Jerk, Resolution, Accuracy, Repeatability 167 4.2 Three Basic Loops – Current/Voltage, Velocity, Position 170 4.3 The Velocity Profile 182 4.4 Feed Forward 195 4.5 Inertia 200 4.6 Shaft Compliance 210 4.7 Compensation 216 4.8 Nonlinear Effects 224 4.9 The Eight Basic Building Blocks 230 References 253 5 System Examples – Design and Simulation 255 5.1 Linear Motor Drive 255 5.2 Print Cylinder Control 257 5.3 Conveyor System – Clutch/Brake Control 261 5.4 Bang-Bang Servo (Slack Loop System) 267 5.5 Wafer Spinner 272 Appendix 275 A.1 Brushless Motor Speed/Torque Curves 275 A.2 Inertia Calculation – Excel Program 277 A.3 Time Constants versus Viscous Damping Constant 277 A.4 Current Drive Review 279 A.5 Conversion Factors 285 A.6 Work and Power 286 A.7 I2R Losses 287 A.8 Copper Resistivity 290 Index 291

Read more less

Book SynopsisHowever, the very rst useful results of this research became ava- able a considerable length of time after the aviation pioneers had made their rst ights. Only after the rst motorized ights had been successfully made did researchers become more interested in the science of aviation, which from then on began to take shape.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: “This book was translated from the Dutch textbook Aeronautiek (2002) and then edited by the translators, one of whom is the senior author of the current work. It is an expansion of lecture material used by both Torenbeek and Wittenberg to instruct freshmen aerospace engineers at the Technical University of Delft from 1970 to 2000. … The work is useful to aeronautical engineering students as a good reference and as an adjunct to their course textbooks. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and graduate students.” (A. M. Strauss, Choice, Vol. 47 (5), January, 2010)Table of ContentsPreface; 1 History of Aviation; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Early history and the invention of ballooning; 1.3 The period between 1799 and 1870; 1.4 The decades between 1870 and 1890; 1.5 From 1890 until the Wright Flyer III; 1.6 European aviation between 1906 and 1918; 1.7 Aviation between the world wars; 1.8 Development after 1940; Bibliography; 2 Introduction to Atmospheric Flight; 2.1 Flying – How is that possible?; 2.2 Static and dynamic aviation; 2.3 Forces on the aeroplane; 2.4 Lift, drag and thrust; 2.5 Properties of air; 2.6 The earth’s atmosphere; 2.7 The standard atmosphere; 2.8 Atmospheric flight; Bibliography ; 3 Low-Speed Aerodynamics ; 3.1 Speed domains and compressibility; 3.2 Basic concepts; 3.3 Equations for steady flow; 3.4 Viscous flows; 3.5 The boundary layer; 3.6 Flow separation and drag; 3.7 Shape and scale effects on drag ; Bibliography; 4 Lift and Drag at Low Speeds; 4.1 Function and shape of aeroplane wings; 4.2 Aerofoil sections; 4.3 Circulation and lift; 4.4 Aerofoil section properties; 4.5 Wing geometry; 4.6 High-aspect ratio straight wings; 4.7 Low-aspect ratio wings ; 4.8 The whole aircraft; Bibliography; 5 Aircraft Engines and Propulsion; 5.1 History of engine development; 5.2 Fundamentals of reaction propulsion; 5.3 Engine efficiency and fuel consumption; 5.4 Piston engines in aviation; 5.5 Gas turbine engine components ; 5.6 Non-reheated turbojet and turbofan engines ; 5.7 Turboprop and turboshaft engines; 5.8 Gas turbine engine operation ; 5.9 Propeller performance; Bibliography; 6 Aeroplane Performance; 6.1 Introduction ; 6.2 Airspeed and altitude; 6.3 Equations of motion for symmetric flight; 6.4 Steady straight and level flight; 6.5 Climb and descent ; 6.6 Gliding flight; 6.7 Cruising flight; 6.8 Take-off and landing; 6.9 Horizontal steady turn; 6.10 Manoeuvre and gust loads; Bibliography; 7 Stability and Control; 7.1 Flying qualities; 7.2 Elementary concepts and definitions; 7.3 Tail surfaces and flight control; 7.4 Pitchingmoment of aerofoils; 7.5 Static longitudinal stability; 7.6 Dynamic longitudinal stability; 7.7 Longitudinal control; 7.8 Static lateral stability; 7.9 Dynamic lateral stability; 7.10 Lateral control; 7.11 Stalling and spinning ; Bibliography ; 8 Helicopter Flight Mechanics; 8.1 Helicopter general arrangements; 8.2 Hovering flight ; 8.3 The rotor in level flight; 8.4 Flight performance; 8.5 Stability and control; Bibliography; 9 High-Speed Flight; 9.1 Complications due to the compressibility of air; 9.2 Compressible flow relationships; 9.3 Speed of sound and Mach number; 9.4 Flow in a channel; 9.5 Shock waves and expansion flows; 9.6 High-subsonic speed; 9.7 Transonic speed; 9.8 Supersonic speed; 9.9 Supersonic propulsion; 9.10 Performance and operation; Bibliography; A Units and Dimensions; B Principles of Aerostatics; Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisPreliminary concepts.- Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis Procedure.- Finite Element Analysis for Nonlinear Elastic Systems.- Finite Element Analysis for Elastoplastic Problems.- Finite Element Analysis for Contact Problems. Table of ContentsPreliminary concepts.- Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis Procedure.- Finite Element Analysis for Nonlinear Elastic Systems.- Finite Element Analysis for Elastoplastic Problems.- Finite Element Analysis for Contact Problems.

Read more less

Book SynopsisCo-rotating twin-screw extruders are extensively used for the preparation, compounding, mixing, and processing of plastics, but also in other industry branches, such as in rubber and food processing, and increasingly in the pharmaceutical industry too. Derived from the classic bestselling work Co-Rotating Twin Screw Extruders, this book focuses on the application and machine technology of co-rotating twin-screw extrusion. It includes functional zones in the extruder, scale-up and scale-down, machine technology, and many application examples from a broad range of areas.Co-rotating twin-screw machines usually have modular configurations and are thus quite flexible for adapting to changing tasks and material properties. Well-founded knowledge of machines, processes, and material behavior is required in order to design and operate twin-screw extruders for economically successful operations. With chapters written by many expert authors from industry and academia, this book provides valuable information on applications from a practical perspective, suitable for both beginners and experienced professional engineers.

Read more less

Book SynopsisUnderstanding Injection Molds opens up the entire subject of injection mold technology, including numerous special procedures, in a well-grounded and practical way. It is specifically intended for beginners, young professionals, business owners, and engineering students. The chapters are clearly structured and easy to understand. The book is designed so that it provides a complete basic knowledge of injection molds in chronological order as well as day-to-day guidance and advice.The numerous colour figures facilitate a rapid understanding of the content, which is especially helpful to the beginner who wants to learn about injection molds quickly. In the forefront of the description are thermoplastic molds. Divergent processes for thermoset or elastomer molds are explained at the end of each chapter. This book captures the current state of the art, and is written by authors who are specialists in the field. The second edition has been updated and improved throughout.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe book focuses on the introduction of the basic concepts, processes, and tools used in Lean Six Sigma. A unique feature is the detailed discussion on Design for Six Sigma aided by computer modeling and simulation. The authors present several sample projects in which Lean Six Sigma and Design for Six Sigma were used to solve engineering problems or improve processes based on their own research and development experiences in engineering design and analysis. This book is intended to be a textbook for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students in engineering, and mid-career engineering professionals. It can also be a reference book, or be used to prepare for the Six Sigma Green Belt and Black Belt certifications by organizations such as American Society for Quality.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis two-volume set has been written primarily for engineers, technicians, and scientists who are contemplating the unknown but attractive world of technological entrepreneurship, a key driver of economic growth in developed countries and critical in stimulating growth in developing countries. The purpose is to prepare these professionals as members of teams focusing on commercializing new technology-based products. The material has also been used to introduce engineering students to the processes involved in technological entrepreneurship. Volume one provides a background of fundamentals and theory to prepare the reader for the venture launch. Topics include the entrepreneurial process, the venture team, developing and marketing high tech products, and launching the new venture. Volume two goes into detail in critical areas such as intellectual property protection, legal forms of organization, financial projections, and business plan preparation and delivery. The primary emphasis is focused on creating lean and agile organizations capable of recognizing opportunities, quickly developing introductory products for small test markets to better define the opportunities, and using the results of those test markets to arrive at a product with wide acceptance capable of driving growth.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDesign, within the context of engineering, is a term that is sometimes difficult to define. Design can be innovative, impressive, and earthshattering, but it can also be observed in the building of simple devices using everyday materials in a classroom environment. This text examines the concept of design, where success means that the designers fulfilled the established requirements, stayed within the specified constraints, and met the evaluation criteria as optimally as possible. Along the way, the reader will walk through an example design process (no, there is not a single, universally accepted design process) that presents relevant terminology and will examine design in a broader context through means of the product life cycle, where a product is followed from its initial definition to the end of its life. Finally, the text attempts to the question of what is good design by exploring some of the fundamental principles associated with design.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is a concise practical treatise for the student or experienced professional aircraft designer. This volume comprises key fundamental subjects for aerodynamic performance analysis: the basics of flight mechanics bridging both engineering and piloting perspectives, propulsion system performance attributes, practical drag prediction methods, aircraft ""up and away"" flight performance and aircraft mission performance.This book may serve as a textbook for an undergraduate aircraft performance course or as a reference for the classically trained practicing engineer.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is a concise practical treatise for the student or experienced professional aircraft designer. This volume comprises key applied subjects for performance based aircraft design: systems engineering principles; aircraft mass properties estimation; the aerodynamic design of transonic wings; aircraft stability and control; takeoff and landing runway performance.This book may serve as a textbook for an undergraduate aircraft design course or as a reference for the classically trained practicing engineer.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Revised 8th Edition of Steel Designers’ Handbook is an invaluable tool for all practising structural, civil and mechanical engineers as well as engineering students at university and TAFE in Australia and New Zealand. It has been prepared in response to changes in the design Standard AS 4100, the structural Design Actions Standards, AS /ANZ 1170, other processing Standards such as welding and coatings, updated research as well as feedback from users. This edition is based on Australian Standard (AS) 4100: 1998 and subsequent amendments. The worked numerical examples in the book have been extensively revised with further examples added. The worked examples are cross-referenced to the relevant clauses in AS 4100: 1998.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present in detail several recent methodologies and algorithms that we have developed during the last fifteen years. The deterministic methods account for uncertainties through empirical safety factors, which implies that the actual uncertainties in materials, geometry and loading are not truly considered. This problem becomes much more complicated when considering biomechanical applications where a number of uncertainties are encountered in the design of prosthesis systems. This book implements improved numerical strategies and algorithms that can be applied only in biomechanical studies.Table of ContentsPreface ix Introduction xi Chapter 1. Basic Tools for Reliability Analysis 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Advantages of numerical simulation and optimization 2 1.3. Numerical simulation by finite elements 3 1.3.1. Use 3 1.3.2. Principle 4 1.3.3. General approach 5 1.4. Optimization process 6 1.4.1. Basic concepts 7 1.4.2. Problem classification 10 1.4.3. Optimization methods 22 1.4.4. Unconstrained methods 23 1.4.5. Constrained methods 43 1.5. Sensitivity analysis 56 1.5.1. Importance of sensitivity 56 1.5.2. Sensitivity methods 57 1.6. Conclusion 61 Chapter 2. Reliability Concept 63 2.1. Introduction 63 2.1.1. Preamble 63 2.1.2. Reliability history 63 2.1.3. Reliability definition 65 2.1.4. Importance of reliability 66 2.2. Basic functions and concepts for reliability analysis 66 2.2.1. Failure concept 67 2.2.2. Uncertainty concept 67 2.2.3. Random variables 68 2.2.4. Probability density function 69 2.2.5. Cumulative distribution function 69 2.2.6. Reliability function 70 2.3. System reliability 71 2.3.1. Series conjunction 71 2.3.2. Parallel conjunction 72 2.3.3. Mixed conjunction 73 2.3.4. Delta-star conjunction 74 2.4. Statistical measures 77 2.5. Probability distributions 81 2.5.1. Uniform distribution 82 2.5.2. Normal distribution 86 2.5.3. Lognormal distribution 91 2.6. Reliability analysis 97 2.6.1. Definitions 97 2.6.2. Algorithms 105 2.6.3. Reliability analysis methods 106 2.6.4. Optimality criteria 110 2.7. Conclusion 112 Chapter 3. Integration of Reliability Concept into Biomechanics 113 3.1. Introduction 113 3.2. Origin and categories of uncertainties 115 3.3. Uncertainties in biomechanics 116 3.3.1. Uncertainty in loading 117 3.3.2. Uncertainty in geometry 118 3.3.3. Uncertainty in materials 118 3.4. Bone-related uncertainty 119 3.4.1. Bone behavior law 120 3.4.2. Contribution to the characterization of the bone’s mechanical properties 125 3.5. Bone developments and formulations 126 3.5.1. Current formulation 126 3.5.2. Generalized formulation 127 3.5.3. Optimized formulation 128 3.5.4. Extension to orthotropic behavior formulation 130 3.6. Characterization by experimentation of the bone’s mechanical properties 133 3.6.1. Characterization by bending test 134 3.6.2. Characterization by compression test 135 3.7. Conclusion 136 Chapter 4. Reliability Analysis of Orthopedic Prostheses 137 4.1. Introduction to orthopedic prostheses 137 4.1.1. History of prostheses 139 4.1.2. Evolution of prostheses 139 4.1.3. Examples of orthopedic prostheses 140 4.2. Reliability analysis of the intervertebral disk 140 4.2.1. Functional anatomy 140 4.2.2. The lumbar functional spinal unit 141 4.2.3. Intervertebral disk prosthesis 145 4.2.4. Numerical application on the intervertebral disk 147 4.3. Reliability analysis of the hip prosthesis 154 4.3.1. Anatomy 154 4.3.2. Presentation of the total hip prosthesis 158 4.3.3. Numerical application of the hip prosthesis 161 4.3.4. Boundary conditions 164 4.3.5. Direct simulation 164 4.3.6. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis 166 4.3.7. Integration of reliability analysis 167 4.4. Conclusion 173 Chapter 5. Reliability Analysis of Orthodontic Prostheses 175 5.1. Introduction to orthodontic prostheses 175 5.2. Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint 176 5.2.1. Articular bone regions and meniscus 177 5.2.2. Ligaments 179 5.2.3. Myology, elevator muscles and depressor muscles 179 5.3. Numerical simulation of a non-fractured mandible 183 5.3.1. Description of the studied mandible 183 5.3.2. Numerical results 185 5.4. Reliability analysis of the fixation system of the fractured mandible 188 5.4.1. Description of a fractured mandible 188 5.4.2. Fixation strategy using mini-plates 189 5.4.3. Study of a homogeneous and isotropic structure 190 5.4.4. Study of a composite and orthotropic structure 198 5.4.5. Result discussion 207 5.5. Conclusion 208 Appendices 209 Appendix 1: Matrix Calculation 211 Appendix 2: ANSYS Code for the Disk Implant 217 Appendix 3: ANSYS Code for the Stem Implant 221 Appendix 4: Probability of Failure/Reliability Index 235 Bibliography 237 Index 245

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe purpose of this book is to clarify the issues related to the environment of mechanical vibrations in the material life profile. In particular, through their simulation testing laboratory, through a better understanding of the physical phenomenon, means to implement to simulate, measurements and interpretations associated results. It is aimed at development of technical consultants, quality and services primarily to those testing laboratories, as well as to all those who are faced with supply reference to the environmental test calls and particularly here, vibration tests. Furthermore it should also interest students of engineering schools in the areas of competence of their future professions affected by vibration.Table of ContentsPreface ix Chapter 1 Vibration Theory 1 1.1 Problem 1 1.2 Different types of mechanical signals 4 1.3 Theory of vibration - reminders 19 1.4 Concept of mechanical impedance 46 1.5 Electromechanical analogies 68 1.6 Analog and logic computer simulation 78 1.7 Conclusion 80 Chapter 2 Signal Analysis 81 2.1 Overview 81 2.2 Spectra density of power 85 2.3 FS-Fourier Integral 103 Chapter 3 Test Preparation 109 3.1 Test demand analysis and associated test specifications 109 3.2 Test initiation 111 3.3 Test fixtures 112 3.4 Test execution 125 3.5 Test reporting 126 Chapter 4 Testing 129 4.1 Sine vibration tests 129 4.2 Vibration testing in noise or random 146 4.3 Specific tests 158 Chapter 5 Equipment Applications 163 5.1 Vibration sources and effects 163 5.2 Electronic equipment 167 5.3 Design of electronic equipment to vibrations 170 5.4 Study of a particular case - example of analysis of an electronic bay 191 Chapter 6 Controlling Generations of Vibrations and Shocks 197 6.1 General principles 197 6.2 Typical configuration of the equipment used 199 6.3 Traceability of tests 199 6.4 Control in sinusoidal mode 200 6.5 Random control 207 6.6 Shock and transient control 215 6.7 Combined vibrations control 223 6.8 Control: a few essential rules 227 Chapter 7 Metrology of Measurement and Testing Methods 229 7.1 Introduction to accelerometer sensors 229 7.2 Measurement amplifiers 239 7.3 Validation and verification of the testing means 245 7.4 Control of metrology in a testing laboratory 246 Chapter 8 Testing Means for Vibrations 253 8.1 Electrodynamic exciters 253 8.2 Hydraulic exciters 281 Conclusion 297 Appendices 299 Bibliography 403 Index 407

Read more less

Book SynopsisInteroperability of enterprises is one of the main requirements for economical and industrial collaborative networks. Enterprise interoperability (EI) is based on the three domains: architectures and platforms, ontologies and enterprise modeling. This book presents the EI vision of the “Grand Sud-Ouest” pole (PGSO) of the European International Virtual Laboratory for Enterprise Interoperability (INTEROP-VLab). It includes the limitations, concerns and approaches of EI, as well as a proposed framework which aims to define and delimit the concept of an EI domain. The authors present the basic concepts and principles of decisional interoperability as well as concept and techniques for interoperability measurement. The use of these previous concepts in a healthcare ecosystem and in an extended administration is also presented. Table of ContentsForeword ix Gérald SANTUCCI Introduction xv Bernard ARCHIMÈDE, Jean-Paul BOURRIÈRES, Guy DOUMEINGTS and Bruno VALLESPIR Chapter 1 Framework for Enterprise Interoperability 1 David CHEN 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Enterprise interoperability concepts 2 1.2.1 Interoperability barriers 2 1.2.2 Interoperability concerns 4 1.2.3 Interoperability approaches 7 1.3 Framework for Enterprise Interoperability 10 1.3.1 Problem space versus solution space 10 1.3.2 The two basic dimensions 10 1.3.3 The third dimension 11 1.3.4 Complementary dimensions 13 1.4 Conclusion and prospects 16 1.5 Bibliography 17 Chapter 2 Networked Companies and a Typology of Collaborations 19 Séverine BLANC SERRIER, Yves DUCQ and Bruno VALLESPIR 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Various types of collaboration between companies 19 2.2.1 Strategic alliances 20 2.2.2 Integrated logistics management 21 2.2.3 Network enterprise 23 2.2.4 Virtual organizations and clusters 30 2.2.5 Virtual communities 35 2.3 Classification of the various types of collaboration and interoperability 37 2.3.1 Long-term strategic collaboration 37 2.4 Conclusion 40 2.5 Bibliography 40 Chapter 3 Designing Natively Interoperable Complex Systems: An Interface Design Pattern Proposal 43 Vincent CHAPURLAT and Nicolas DACLIN 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 Work program: context, problematic, hypothesis and expected contributions 45 3.3 Concepts 47 3.4 Interface design pattern model 55 3.5 Conclusion and further work 60 3.6 Appendix 62 3.7 Bibliography 63 Chapter 4 Software Development and Interoperability: A Metric-based Approach 67 Mamadou Samba CAMARA, Rémy DUPAS and Yves DUCQ 4.1 Introduction 67 4.2 Literature review 68 4.2.1 Literature of software requirements’ verification and validation 68 4.2.2 System state evolution 68 4.2.3 Interoperability literature review 69 4.2.4 The method for the validation and verification of interoperability requirements 70 4.2.5 Calculation of business process performance indicators from event logs 74 4.2.6 Event logs 75 4.3 Metric-based approach for software development and interoperability 78 4.3.1 Data collection framework for the validation and verification of interoperability requirements 78 4.3.2 Evaluation and improvement of available data 80 4.4 Application 81 4.4.1 Example 1 81 4.4.2 Example 2 82 4.5 Conclusion 82 4.6 Bibliography 82 Chapter 5 Decisional Interoperability 87 Nicolas DACLIN, David CHEN and Bruno VALLESPIR 5.1 Introduction 87 5.2 Decision-making 88 5.2.1 Definition 88 5.2.2 Decision-making in the GRAI model 90 5.2.3 Formal characterization of decision-making in the GRAI model 92 5.3 Decisional interoperability 95 5.3.1 Basic concepts 97 5.3.2 Design principles for decisional interoperability 98 5.3.3 Formal characterization of decisional interoperability 100 5.4 Conclusion 104 5.5 Bibliography 104 Chapter 6 The Interoperability Measurement 107 Nicolas DACLIN, David CHEN and Bruno VALLESPIR 6.1 Introduction 107 6.2 Models for evaluation of interoperability 109 6.3 Interoperability measurement 111 6.3.1 The potentiality measurement 111 6.3.2 Interoperability degree measurement 113 6.3.3 Performance measurement 116 6.4 Taking it further 125 6.5 Conclusion and prospects 126 6.6 Bibliography 127 Chapter 7 Interoperability and Supply Chain Management 131 Matthieu LAURAS, Sébastien TRUPTIL, Aurélie CHARLES, Yacine OUZROUT and Jacques LAMOTHE 7.1 Introduction 131 7.2 Supply chains interoperability needs 133 7.3 Various types of supply chain interoperability 134 7.4 The main logistic Information Systems to support interoperability 138 7.5 Main architectures to support logistic interoperability 143 7.6 SaaS applications revolutionize logistic interoperability 145 7.7 Conclusion 149 7.8 Bibliography 149 Chapter 8 Organizational Interoperability Between Public and Private Actors in an Extended Administration 151 Yacine BOUALLOUCHE, Raphaël CHENOUARD, Catherine DA CUNHA and Alain BERNARD 8.1 Introduction 151 8.2 Public–private network 152 8.3 Inter-organizational interoperability 154 8.4 Management framework for extended administration 157 8.5 Application to the “public clothing” function 159 8.6 Conclusion 161 8.7 Acknowledgments 161 8.8 Bibliography 162 Chapter 9 An Inventory of Interoperability in Healthcare Ecosystems: Characterization and Challenges 167 Elyes LAMINE, Wided GUÉDRIA, Ariadna RIUS SOLER, Jordi AYZA GRAELLS, Franck FONTANILI, Léonard JANER-GARCÍA and Hervé PINGAUD 9.1 Introduction 167 9.2 eHealth interoperability 170 9.3 Levels of interoperability in eHealth ecosystems 174 9.3.1 Technical interoperability 175 9.3.2 Semantic interoperability 177 9.3.3 Organizational interoperability 180 9.4 Survey of interoperability frameworks 184 9.4.1 eHealth European Interoperability Framework (eHeath EIF) 185 9.4.2 Health Information Systems Interoperability Framework (HIS-IF) 186 9.4.3 eHealth Interoperability Framework (eHealth IF) 187 9.4.4 Personal Health Systems framework 188 9.5 Discussion 190 9.5.1 Interoperability levels 192 9.5.2 Interoperability concerns 192 9.5.3 Interoperability approaches 193 9.5.4 Discussion 193 9.6 Conclusion and future work 194 9.7 Bibliography 195 9.8 Glossary 198 List of Authors 199 Index 203

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe aim of the second edition of this book is to provide a comprehensive survey of the different algorithms and data structures useful for triangulation and meshing construction. In addition, several aspects are given full coverage, such as mesh modification tools, mesh evaluation criteria, mesh optimization, adaptive mesh construction and parallel meshing techniques. This new edition has been comprehensively updated and also includes a new chapter on mobile or deformable meshes.Table of ContentsChapter 1. General definitions. Chapter 2. Basic structures and algorithms. Chapter 3. A comprehensive survey of mesh generation methods. Chapter 4. Algebraic, PDE and multibloc methods. Chapter 5. Quadtree-octree-based methods. Chapter 6. Advancing front technique for mesh generation. Chapter 7. Delaunay-based mesh generation methods. Chapter 8. Other types of mesh generation methods. Chapter 9. Delaunay admissibility, media axis, mid-surface and other applications. Chapter 10. Quadratic forms and metrics. Chapter 11. Differential geometry. Chapter 12. Curve modeling. Chapter 13. Surface modeling. Chapter 14. Surface meshing and re-meshing. Chapter 15. Meshing implicit curves and surfaces. Chapter 16. Mesh modifications. Chapter 17. Mesh optimization. Chapter 18. Surface mesh optimization. Chapter 19. A touch of finite elements. Chapter 20. Mesh adaptation and h-methods. Chapter 21. Mesh adaptation and p or hp-methods. Chapter 22. Mobile or deformable meshes. Chapter 23. Parallel computing and meshing issues.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe growing occurrence of heterogeneous materials such as composites or coated substrates in structural parts makes it necessary for designers and scientists to deal with the specific features of the mechanical behavior of solid interfaces.This book introduces basic concepts on mechanical problems related to the presence of solid/solid interfaces and their practical applications. The various topics discussed here are the mechanical characterization of interfaces, the initiation and growth of cracks along interfaces, the origin and control of interface adhesion, focusing in particular on thin films on substrate systems. It is designed and structured to provide a solid background in the mechanics of heterogeneous materials to help students in materials science, as well as scientists and engineers.Table of ContentsForeword xi Muriel BRACCINI and Michel DUPEUX PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS 1 Chapter 1 Interfaces: the Physics, Chemistry and Mechanics of Heterogeneous Continua 3 Michel DUPEUX and Muriel BRACCINI 1.1 Definition and terminology 3 1.2 Energy considerations 5 1.3 Elastic behavior of an interface 8 1.4 Experimental stress analysis techniques 18 1.5 Conclusion 24 1.6 Bibliography 25 Chapter 2 Structure and Defects of Crystalline Interfaces 27 Louisette PRIESTER 2.1 What is a crystalline interface? 27 2.2 Definitions and geometric tools to describe interfaces 29 2.3 Structure of interfaces: intrinsic dislocations and structural units 34 2.4 Linear interface defects: extrinsic dislocations 46 2.5 Interaction between dislocations and interfaces: relaxation of interfacial stresses 47 2.6 Conclusion 59 2.7 Bibliography 60 PART 2 SINGULARITIES, NOTCHES AND INTERFACIAL CRACKS 65 Chapter 3 Singularities and Interfacial Cracks 67 Dominique LEGUILLON 3.1 Introduction 67 3.2 Singularities 69 3.3 Modal mixity 78 3.4 Brittle fracture mechanics 80 3.5 Nucleation of cracks 85 3.6 Deflection of a crack at an interface 91 3.7 Conclusion 96 3.8 Bibliography 97 Chapter 4 Interface Adherence 101 Muriel BRACCINI 4.1 Adhesion and adherence 101 4.2 Mode mixity 104 4.3 Measurement of adherence 107 4.4 Conclusion: choosing a test 126 4.5 Bibliography 127 PART 3 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 135 Chapter 5 Controlling Adherence 137 Thomas PARDOEN, Olivier DEZELLUS and Muriel BRACCINI 5.1 Introduction 137 5.2 Multiscale adherence modeling 140 5.3 Nature and control of interface bonds 145 5.4 Dissipative mechanisms 163 5.5.The effect of interface geometry 173 5.6 Conclusion 178 5.7 Bibliography 180 Chapter 6 Crack–interface Interaction 189 Eric MARTIN 6.1 Propagation of a crack near an interface 191 6.2 Criterion of crack deviation by an interface 194 6.3 Propagation of an interfacial crack 202 6.4 Branching criterion of a crack outside an interface 204 6.5 Conclusion 205 6.6 Bibliography 206 Chapter 7 Shock Mechanics and Interfaces 211 Michel ARRIGONI, Michel BOUSTIE, Cyril BOLIS, Sophie BARRADAS, Laurent BERTHE and Michel JEANDIN 7.1 Introduction to shock wave mechanics 211 7.2 Damage under shock 227 7.3 Application to the shock adhesion test 230 7.4 Retrospective: recent advances made in shock adherence testing 240 7.5 Perspectives 243 7.6 Bibliography 243 PART 4 THIN FILMS 249 Chapter 8 Coating–Substrate Interfaces 251 Michel DUPEUX 8.1 Thin films on massive substrates: a typical case 251 8.2 State of stress in a thin film–substrate specimen 252 8.3 Residual strains in thin films 262 8.4 Determination of stresses in thin films 266 8.5 Conclusions 269 8.6 Bibliography 270 Chapter 9 Damage in Thin Films on Substrates 273 Michel DUPEUX, Muriel BRACCINI and Guillaume PARRY 9.1 Overview 273 9.2 Layers in tension 277 9.3 Films in compression 284 9.4 Conclusion 291 9.5 Bibliography 292 List of Authors 295 Index 297

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book focuses on a particular class of models (namely Multi-Mechanism models) and their applications to extensive experimental data base related to different kind of materials. These models (i) are able to describe the main mechanical effects in plasticity, creep, creep/plasticity interaction, ratcheting extra-hardening under non-proportional loading (ii) provide local information (such us local stress/strain fields, damage, ….). A particular attention is paid to the identification process of material parameters. Moreover, finite element implementation of the Multi-Mechanism models is detailed.Table of ContentsPreface xi Introduction xiii Chapter 1. State of the Art 1 1.1. Motivation from the microstructure 1 1.2. Building bricks 6 1.2.1. Criteria 7 1.2.2. Isotropic hardening rules 12 1.2.3. Kinematic hardening rules (KHR) 17 1.2.4. Plastic modulus 19 1.2.5. Viscosity 24 1.3. Scale transition rules 27 1.3.1. General remarks on scale transition rules 27 1.3.2. Scale transition rules for the MM model 29 1.4. Large deformation 30 1.5. Brief history of the MM models 32 Chapter 2. Model Formulation 35 2.1. Thermodynamic framework 35 2.2. Model with various mechanisms and various criteria: the 2M2C model 37 2.3. Model with various mechanisms and one criterion: the 2M1C model 39 2.4. Comparison with the unified model 40 2.5. Isotropic hardening rules 41 2.5.1. Isotropic hardening for models with various mechanisms and one criterion 41 2.5.2. Isotropic hardening for models with various mechanisms and various criteria 43 2.6. Kinematic hardening rules 45 2.6.1. KHR: models with various mechanisms and various criteria 45 2.6.2. KHR: models with various mechanisms and one criterion 46 2.7. Computation of the inelastic multipliers 46 2.7.1. Flow rate for the 2M1C model 47 2.7.2. Flow rates for the 2M2C model 47 Chapter 3. Typical MM Responses 51 3.1. Some MM model variants 51 3.1.1. Initial MM models 51 3.1.2. Updated 2M1C models after [TAL 06] 53 3.1.3. Updated MM models after [SAÏ 07] 53 3.1.4. A general nMnC model 54 3.1.5. Generalization of the 2M1C model 56 3.2. Creep–plasticity interaction 56 3.3. Rate sensitivity for the 2M2C model 58 3.4. Stabilized behavior of viscoplastic 2M1C model 59 3.5. Closed-form solution for ratcheting behavior of the 2M2C model: case of linear kinematic hardening rules 60 3.6. Ratcheting for 2M1C model 64 3.7. Ratcheting behavior of the 10M10C model 67 3.8. Extra-hardening under non-proportional loading 69 3.9. Static recovery effect 72 Chapter 4. Comparison with Experimental Databases 77 4.1. Inconel 718 79 4.1.1. Context of the case study 79 4.1.2. Particular model features 79 4.1.3. Numerical results 79 4.2. Deformation mechanisms of Ni–Ti shape memory alloy 80 4.2.1. Context of the case study 80 4.2.2. Particular model features 82 4.2.3. Numerical results 82 4.3. N18 alloy 83 4.3.1. Context of the case study 83 4.3.2. Particular model features 84 4.3.3. Numerical results 85 4.4. Carbon steel CS1026 87 4.4.1. Context of the case study 87 4.4.2. Particular model features 87 4.4.3. Numerical results 88 4.5. Thermo-mechanical behavior of 55NiCrMoV7 89 4.5.1. Context of the case study 89 4.5.2. Particular model features 90 4.5.3. Numerical results 91 4.6. 2017 Aluminum alloy 94 4.6.1. 2017A, [SAÏ 12] 94 4.6.2. 2017A, [TAL 15] 97 4.7. 304 austenitic stainless steel 101 4.7.1. 304SS at room temperature [HAS 08] 101 4.7.2. 304SS at room temperature [TAL 11] 102 4.7.3. 304SS at 350◦C [TAL 14] 105 4.7.4. 304SS at room temperature [HAS 94a], 2M1C-3M1C 107 4.7.5. 304SS at room temperature [HAS 08, TAL 10], 2M1C-3M1C 112 4.8. 316 austenitic stainless steel 116 4.8.1. 316SS at room temperature [POR 00] 116 4.8.2. 316SS at room temperature [TAL 15] 119 4.8.3. 316SS at 350◦C [TAL 13b, TAL 14] 121 4.8.4. 316SS at room temperature [POR 00], 3M1C model 123 4.9. Recrystallized Zirconium alloy 4 [PRI 08] 124 4.9.1. Context of the case study 124 4.9.2. Particular model features 125 4.9.3. Numerical results 126 4.10. Semi-crystalline polymers [REG 09b] 126 4.10.1. Context of the case study 126 4.10.2. Particular model features 128 4.10.3. Numerical results 128 4.11. Glassy polymers [JER 14] 131 4.11.1. Context of the case study 131 4.11.2. Particular model features 132 4.11.3. Numerical results 133 4.12. Copper-zinc alloy CuZn27 [TAL 15] 136 4.12.1. Context of the case study 136 4.12.2. Numerical results 136 4.13. Ferritic steel 35NiCrMo16 [TAL 15] 139 4.13.1. Context of the case study 139 4.13.2. Numerical results 139 4.14. Ferritic steel XC18 [TAL 13a] 141 4.14.1. Context of the case study 141 4.14.2. Numerical results 141 4.15. Phase transformation in titanium alloys Ti6Al4V [LON 09] 143 4.15.1. Context of the case study 143 4.15.2. Particular model features 143 4.15.3. Numerical results 144 Chapter 5. MM Damage-Plasticity Models 147 5.1. MM models based on the GTN approach 148 5.1.1. Damage in the 2M1C model based on the GTN approach 149 5.1.2. Damage in the 2M2C model based on the GTN approach 150 5.2. MM models coupled with CDM theory 151 5.2.1. 2M1C model “Strain Equivalence” 153 5.2.2. 2M2C model “Strain Equivalence” 154 5.2.3. 2M1C model “Energy Equivalence” 156 5.2.4. 2M2C model “Energy Equivalence” 157 5.3. Two plastic mechanisms combined with a damage mechanism 159 5.4. MM models taking into account volume change (CDM theory) 162 5.4.1. 2M2C model for compressible materials, CDM theory 165 5.4.2. MM models for compressible materials, CDM theory, two damage variables 167 5.5. Damage behavior of mortar-rubber aggregate mixtures 167 Chapter 6. Finite Element Implementation 171 6.1. Implementations of particular models 171 6.1.1. Basic version of the 2M1C model 172 6.1.2. β models 175 6.2. Creep–plasticity interaction in a notched specimen 183 6.3. FE analysis of plane forging of polycarbonate specimens 184 6.4. FE simulation of bulging of a 304SS sheet 188 6.5. FE simulation of PA6 notched specimens 189 6.6. Finite Element codes 198 6.6.1. ZeBuLoN: explicit integration 198 6.6.2. ABAQUS: explicit integration 199 6.6.3. ANSYS: explicit integration 206 6.6.4. ZeBuLoN: implicit integration 214 6.6.5. ABAQUS: implicit integration 216 6.6.6. ANSYS: implicit integration 233 Bibliography 253 Index 265

Read more less

Book SynopsisA porous medium is composed of a solid matrix and its geometrical complement: the pore space. This pore space can be occupied by one or more fluids. The understanding of transport phenomena in porous media is a challenging intellectual task. This book provides a detailed analysis of the aspects required for the understanding of many experimental techniques in the field of porous media transport phenomena. It is aimed at students or engineers who may not be looking specifically to become theoreticians in porous media, but wish to integrate knowledge of porous media with their previous scientific culture, or who may have encountered them when dealing with a technological problem. While avoiding the details of the more mathematical and abstract developments of the theories of macroscopization, the author gives as accurate and rigorous an idea as possible of the methods used to establish the major laws of macroscopic behavior in porous media. He also illustrates the constitutive laws and equations by demonstrating some of their classical applications. Priority is to put forward the constitutive laws in concrete circumstances without going into technical detail. This second volume in the three-volume series focuses on transport and transfer from homogeneous phases to porous media, and isothermal transport in the pore space.Table of ContentsNomenclature vii Chapter 1. Transport and Transfer: from Homogeneous Phases to Porous Media 1 1.1. Transfer phenomena: complementary approaches 1 1.1.1. Transfer processes and couplings 1 1.1.2. Continuums and molecular aspect 3 1.2. Usual formulations for homogeneous phases 6 1.2.1. FLOW of a viscous fluid 6 1.2.2. Isothermal diffusion 8 1.2.3. Thermal conduction. Fourier’s law 12 1.3. Transfers in porous media, macroscopization 13 1.3.1. General approach of macroscopization 14 1.3.2. Fundamental concepts of macroscopization 17 1.3.3. Conditions of validity of macroscopization 20 1.3.4. Obtaining the macroscopic transfer laws 25 1.4. Porous media: elementary balances and transfer laws 28 1.4.1. Rules of play 28 1.4.2. Filtration of a fluid saturating the pore space: Darcy’s law 32 1.4.3. Isothermal molecular diffusion in the gaseous or liquid phase saturating the pore space 36 1.4.4. Thermal conduction in a composite medium 40 1.5. Appendices 41 1.5.1. Mechanics and thermodynamics of homogeneous phases: the continuum approach 41 1.5.2. Thermodynamic balances. Overview of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes (TIP) 49 1.5.3. Transfers in porous media: the TIP approach 56 1.5.4. Three examples of macroscopization by spatial averaging 62 1.5.5. Inertial flows: the Dupuit-Forchheimer law 72 1.5.6. Transfer of dissolved matter. Hydrodynamic dispersion 76 1.5.7. Composites and mixing laws 79 1.5.8. Transfers and percolation theory 85 1.5.9. Viscous stress. Poiseuille’s law 88 1.5.10. A look at non-equilibrium transfers 90 Chapter 2. Isothermal Transport in the Pore Space 99 2.1. Laws of transport in the pore space occupied by one or two phases: additional points 99 2.1.1. Diffusion and filtration in porous media occupied by two immiscible fluids. 100 2.1.2. Porometric distribution and transport in the gaseous phase Knudsen and Klinkenberg effects 106 2.1.3. Transport with phase-change isothermal transport of a volatile liquid 115 2.2. A classification of Isothermal transport processes constitutive equations boundary conditions 123 2.2.1. General definitions vocabulary 123 2.2.2. Filtration under an isobaric atmosphere of a capillary liquid, which may be volatile 129 2.2.3. Filtration of a volatile liquid and of its pure vapor 139 2.2.4. Linearized constitutive equations 141 2.2.5. Transport of a gas or a non-condensible gaseous component 142 2.2.6. Transport in porous media of matter dissolved in the liquid phase 144 2.2.7. Other isothermal transport processes 147 2.3. Appendices and exercises 147 2.3.1. Two-phase filtration macroscopization 147 2.3.2. Transport in the gaseous phase and kinetic theory of gases 149 2.3.3. Isothermal transport of a volatile liquid: proportion of each of the PHASEs 162 2.3.4. Isothermal transport of a volatile liquid: illumination of the effective medium theory (EMT) 173 2.3.5. Illumination of the self-consistent theory (SCT) 180 2.3.6. Percolation theory, conductivity, permeability 192 Glossary 195 Bibliography 203 Index 207 Summary of other Volumes in the Series 209

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis Series provides the necessary elements to the development and validation of numerical prediction models for hydrodynamic bearings. This book describes the rheological models and the equations of lubrication. It also presents the numerical approaches used to solve the above equations by finite differences, finite volumes and finite elements methods.Table of ContentsForeword by J.F. Booker ix Foreword by Jean Frêne xiii Preface xvii Nomenclature xxiii Chapter 1 The Lubricant 1 1.1 Description of lubricants 1 1.2 The viscosity 2 1.3 Other lubriciant properties 12 1.4 Lubricant classification and notation 14 1.5 Bibliography 15 Chapter 2 Equations of Hydrodynamic Lubrication 17 2.1 Hypothesis 17 2.2 Equation of generalized viscous thin films 18 2.3 Equations of hydrodynamic for journal and thrust bearings 20 2.4 Film rupture; second form of Reynolds equation 26 2.5 Particular form of the viscous thin film equation in the case of wall slipping 32 2.6 Boundary conditions; lubricant supply 35 2.7 Flow rate computation 43 2.8 Computation of efforts exerted by the pressure field and the shear stress field: journal bearing case 51 2.9 Computation of efforts exerted by the pressure field and the shear stress field: thrust bearing case 54 2.10 Computation of viscous dissipation energy: journal bearing case 57 2.11 Computation of viscous dissipation energy: thrust bearing case 59 2.12 Different flow regimes 59 2.13 Bibliography 61 Chapter 3 Numerical Resolution of the Reynolds Equation 673 3.1 Definition of the problem to be solved 64 3.2 The finite difference method 70 3.3 The finite volume method 82 3.4 The finite element method 90 3.5 Discretization of time derivatives 108 3.6 Comparativ analysis of the different methods 114 3.7 Accounting of film thickness discontinuities 146 3.8 Numerical algorithm for computing bearing axial flow rate 149 3.9 Bibliography 155 Chapter 4 Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication 159 4.1 Bearings with elastic structure 160 4.2 Elasticity accounting: compliance matrices 163 4.3 Accounting of shaft elasticity 178 4.4 Particular case of non-conformal meshes 180 4.5 Bibliography 184 Appendix 185 Index 189

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis Series provides the necessary elements to the development and validation of numerical prediction models for hydrodynamic bearings. This book is dedicated to the mixed lubrication.Table of ContentsPreface ix Nomenclature xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Lubrication regimes - Stribeck curve 1 1.2 Topography of rough surfaces 3 1.3 Bibliography 18 Chapter 2 Computing the Hydrodynamic Pressure 19 2.1 Patir and Cheng stochastic model 20 2.2 Model based on a direct computation of the flow factors 34 2.3 Homogenization method 66 2.4 Comparison between the flow factors obtained with Patir and Cheng computation and homogenization models 87 2.5 Example of pressure profiles obtained from flow factors calculated with Patir and Cheng, direct computation and homogenization models 90 2.6 Comparison with deterministic computations 94 2.7 Bibliography 99 Chapter 3 Computing the Contact Pressure 103 3.1 Concept of sum surface 104 3.2 Elastic contact model proposed by Greenwood and Williamson 105 3.3 Elasto-plastic contact model proposed by Robbe-Valloire el al 108 3.4 Elasto-plastic double-layer contact model proposed by Progri et al 115 3.5 Model based discrete Fourier transformation 119 3.6 Deterministic model based on finite elements 124 3.7 Using the contact models 128 3.8 Influence of the roughness deformation generated by the contact pressure on the flow factors 149 3.9 Using the contact models in an industrial context 151 3.10 Bibliography 153 Chapter 4 Wear 155 4.1 General concepts about wear 156 4.2 Running-in 163 4.3 Experimental determination of the Archard coefficient 165 4.4 Numerical modeling of the wear 168 4.5 Bibliography 182 Index 183

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis Series provides the necessary elements to the development and validation of numerical prediction models for hydrodynamic bearings. This book describes the thermo-hydrodynamic and the thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication. The algorithms are methodically detailed and each section is thoroughly illustrated.Table of ContentsPERFACE ix NOMENCLATURE xi CHAPTER 1. THERMO-HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION 1 1.1. Global thermal balance 1 1.2. Energy equation for the lubricant film 4 1.2.1. Particular case of non-filled film zones 5 1.3. Fourier equation inside the solids 6 1.4. Boundary conditions 7 1.4.1. Supply ducts 7 1.4.2. External walls of solids 8 1.4.3. Surfaces at solid truncations 9 1.4.4. Interfaces between film and solids 9 1.4.5. Supply orifices and grooves 11 1.4.6. Axial extremities of the lubricant film 17 1.5. Bibliography 17 CHAPTER 2. THREE-DIMENSIONAL THERMO-HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL 19 2.1. Model description 19 2.2. Discretization of the film energy equation 20 2.2.1. Stationary case 20 2.2.2. Transient case 27 2.3. Discretization of Fourier equation in the solids 38 2.4. Assembly of discretized equations for the film and the solids 40 2.5. Numerical behavior of the THD finite element model 43 2.5.1. Definition of reference problems 43 2.5.2. Behavior for a stationary case 45 2.5.3. Behavior for a transient case 57 2.5.4. Behavior in the case of a variation in the axial direction of the film thickness 69 2.5.5. Evaluation of the global thermal method (GTM) 70 2.6. Bibliography 71 CHAPTER 3. SIMPLIFIED THERMO-HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS 73 3.1. Simplified THD model based on the Rhode and Li assumptions 73 3.1.1. Expression of the pressure and reduced Reynolds equation 73 3.1.2. Velocity components 75 3.1.3. Energy and Fourier equations 76 3.1.4. Discretization of equations 77 3.1.5. Evaluation of the method based on Rhode and Li assumptions 82 3.2. Simplified models for cyclic regimes 85 3.2.1. Model with the temperature averaged on the film thickness (ATM) 87 3.2.2. Model with a parabolic temperature profile across the film thickness (PTM) 95 3.3. Bibliography 101 CHAPTER 4. COMPUTING THE THERMOELASTIC DEPENDENCY MATRICES 103 4.1. Computing the thermoelastic dependency matrices to be used for the three-dimensional and Rhode and Li models 104 4.2. Computing the thermoelastic dependency matrices to be used for the simplified models 105 4.2.1. Equation setting for compliance matrices when the thermal boundary layer is modeled by a transfer coefficient 106 4.2.2. Equation setting for compliance matrices when the thermal boundary layer is modeled by a Fourier series 107 4.3. Bibliography 110 CHAPTER 5. GENERAL ALGORITHM AND SOFTWARE FOR SOLVING BEARING LUBRICATION PROBLEMS 111 5.1. Parameters and equations 111 5.1.1. The parameters that must be known before computing 111 5.1.2. The unknown parameters, objective of the computation 113 5.1.3. The equations to be solved 114 5.2. General algorithm 115 5.3. Solving finite element discretized EHD problem with the Newton–Raphson method 117 5.3.1. Constitutive equations for the EHD problem 117 5.3.2. Discretized equations for the EHD problem 119 5.3.3. Solving algorithm for the EHD problem 129 5.4. Techniques for reducing the computation time 131 5.4.1. Non-systematic evaluation of the Jacobian matrix 131 5.4.2. Decomposition of the hydrodynamic pressure 132 5.5. Mesh refinement 138 5.5.1. Principle of the refinement method 138 5.5.2. Computation of the local compliance matrix 140 5.5.3. Expression of the shell surface deformation 141 5.6. Architecture of software for bearing lubrication computation 143 5.7. An example of TEHD computation software: ACCEL 145 5.8. Bibliography 147 APPENDIX 149 INDEX 153

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is the result of lessons, tutorials and other laboratories dealing with applied mechanical design in the universities and colleges. In the classical literature of the mechanical design, there are quite a few books that deal directly and theory and case studies, with their solutions. All schools, engineering colleges (technical) industrial and research laboratories and design offices serve design works. However, the books on the market remain tight in the sense that they are often works of mechanical constructions. This is certainly beneficial to the ordinary user, but the organizational part of the functional specification items is also indispensable.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Introduction xv Chapter 1 Case Study-based Design Methodology 1 1.1 Methodology for designing a project product 1 1.2 Main players involved in the design process 2 1.3 Conceptualization and creativity 4 1.4 Functional analysis in design: the FAST method 4 1.4.1 Decision-support tools in design 5 1.5 Functional specifications (FS) 7 1.5.1 Operational functions, using the APTE method or octopus diagram 8 1.5.2 Linguistic (or syntactical) writing of the functional specifications 10 1.6 Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis 10 1.7 PERT method 13 1.7.1 Logic of construction of the graph per level of operations 14 1.7.2 Statistical approach to the PERT diagram using the Gamma distribution 16 1.8 The Gantt method (Henry Gantt’s graph, devised 1910) 17 1.9 Principal functions of a product 20 1.10 Functional analysis in mechanical design 21 1.10.1 Product cost in mechanical design 22 1.10.2 Creation- and monitoring sheets in mechanical design 22 1.11 Scientific writing on a project 28 1.11.1 Project process 28 1.11.2 Development of the conceptual model 29 1.11.3 Development (recap) on a spiral model 30 1.12 Esthetics of materials in mechanical design 30 1.13 Conclusion 31 Chapter 2 Materials and Geometry in Applied Mechanical Design, Followed by Case Studies 33 2.1 Introduction to materials in design 33 2.2 Optimization of mass in mechanical design 38 2.3 Case study of modeling based on the material–geometry couple 39 2.4 Geometry by standard sections in strength of materials 42 2.4.1 Choice of materials in design (airplanes and bikes) 46 2.4.2 Form factors ψ of some usual cross-sections 49 2.4.3 Form factors in mechanical design 50 2.5 Case study of design of multi-purpose items 51 2.6 Case study of superposed bimetallic materials 55 2.7 Curving and incurvate elements by sweeping of sheet metals 58 2.7.1 Sensible choice of optimizing materials in Palmer micrometers 59 2.8 Conclusion 60 Chapter 3 Geometrical Specification of GPS and ISO Products: Case Studies of Hertzian Contacts 63 3.1 Introduction 63 3.2 Dimensional and geometrical tolerances in design 65 3.2.1 Case study of a bicycle wheel hub 67 3.3 Envelopes and cylinders under pressure (for R/e < 20) 72 3.4 Case study 76 3.5 Rotating cylinders with a full round cross-section: flywheel 76 3.5.1 Materials used for flywheels with centrifugal effects 78 3.6 Press fit and thermal effects through bracing 80 3.7 Case study applied to bolted tanks 83 3.8 Case studies applied to contact stresses (Hertz) in design 89 3.8.1 First case: sphere-to-sphere contact 90 3.8.2 Second case: contact between two parallel cylinders 93 3.9 Conclusion 96 Chapter 4 Design of Incurvate Geometries by Sweeping 97 4.1 Introduction 97 4.2 Case studies 99 4.2.1 Case study 1: frame sweeping 99 4.2.2 Case study 2: frame sweeping 101 4.2.3 Case study 3: frame sweeping 104 4.2.4 Case study 4: frame sweeping 106 4.2.5 Case study 5: example of a connecting rod of SAE 8650 109 4.2.6 Case study 6: swept double elbow 111 4.2.7 Case study 7: frame sweeping 113 4.3 Conclusion 115 Chapter 5 Principles for Calculations in Mechanical Design: Theory and Problems Strength of Materials in Constructions 117 5.1 Essential criteria of constructions in design 117 5.1.1 Stress intensification in shafts and beams 118 5.1.2 Homogeneous, solid, round sections 119 5.1.3 Homogeneous, solid, square sections with recessed section 119 5.1.4 Homogeneous, hollow, square sections, with no external variation 120 5.1.5 Homogeneous, solid, round sections with a shoulder (shouldered shaft) 121 5.1.6 Homogeneous, solid, rectangular or square sections, with a groove 121 5.1.7 Homogeneous, hollow, round and flat sections (pierced flat piece with an axle) 122 5.1.8 Homogeneous, hollow, round sections (shaft with groove) 122 5.2 Principles of calculations for constructions in design 123 5.2.1 Example on stress intensifications 124 5.2.2 Case study on torsion angles 126 5.2.3 Case study: Tresca and von Mises yield criteria 130 5.3 Pressurized recipients and/or containers 133 5.4 Calculation principles and solution method for compound loading 135 5.4.1 Case study: mechanical fit 138 5.4.2 Case study of a profiled piece stressed under conditions of elasticity 143 5.5 Buckling of elements of machines, beams, bars, shafts and stems 144 5.5.1 Case study: buckling of an I-beam according to AISI specifications 147 5.5.2 Case study: I-beams and U-beams, homogeneous and isotropic 149 5.6 Design of stationary and rotating shafts 152 5.6.1 Design (dimensioning) of shafts subjected to rigidity 154 5.6.2 Case study 1, solution 1 156 5.6.3 Case study 2 with solution: shear, moments, slope, elasticity deflection Applied SOM in mechanics and civil engineering 156 5.7 Power transmission elements: gear systems and pulleys 159 5.7.1 Case study 159 5.7.2 Case study: statement of problem 2 161 5.7.3 Case study: statement of problem 3 163 5.8 Sizing and design of couplings 165 5.8.1 Design of a universal coupling, known as a Hooke coupling 167 5.9 Design of beams and columns 170 5.9.1 Solved case study: bending and torsion of a shaft 172 5.9.2 Case study 3: equivalent bending moment and ideal moment on a shaft 176 5.9.3 Case studies: maximum performance of pre-stressed bi-materials 177 5.9.4 Case study: deflection and buckling of elements of machines 178 5.10 Case studies using the Castigliano method 180 5.11 Conclusion 183 Chapter 6 Noise and Vibration in Machine Parts 185 6.1 Noise and vibration in mechanical systems 185 6.1.1 Aerodynamism of moving mechanical bodies 188 6.2 Case study 1 189 6.2.1 Lightweight vehicles and trucks 189 6.2.2 Case study 1 191 6.2.3 Case study of the rotor blade of a fire brigade helicopter 194 6.3 Vibration of machines in mechanical design 195 6.4 Case studies with a numerical solution 201 6.4.1 Case study: input parameters: M = 1; k = 1; φ0 = 1 and c = 2.25 201 6.4.2 Case study: system with free vibrations 202 6.4.3 Case study: problem with solution and discussion 204 6.4.4 Case study: problem 3 with solution 206 6.4.5 Case study: problem 2 Engine represented on two springs 207 6.4.6 Case study based on a concrete problem with solution 212 6.5 Critical speeds of shafts in mechanical systems 215 6.5.1 Case study with solution and discussion 218 6.5.2 Method of approximation using the Dunkerley equations 222 6.5.3 Method of approximation using the Rayleigh–Ritz equation 223 6.5.4 Method of approximation using the equations of the rotation frequencies 224 6.5.5 Method for solving the function F(ωc): roots → (r0 and r1) 224 6.6 Conclusion 225 Chapter 7 Principles of Calculations for Fatigue and Failure 227 7.1 Mechanical elements of failure through fatigue 227 7.2 Analysis of materials and sizing in applied design 229 7.3 Sizing of pivot joints with bearings 232 7.3.1 Basic formulae for calculating lifetime 233 7.3.2 Determination of the minimum viscosity necessary 238 7.4 Faults of form and position of ranges on the operating clearance fit 239 7.5 Friction and speed of bearings 240 7.6 Sizing of bearing pivot joints and lifetime 241 7.7 Case study: statement of the problem 243 7.7.1 Internal clearance fit of bearings 244 7.8 Biaxial stresses combined with shear for ductile materials in concrete application 246 7.9 Fundaments of sizing in mechanical design Soderberg equations in fatigue of ductile materials 248 7.9.1 Application of Soderberg equations 248 7.9.2 Stress intensification factors (SIFs) 249 7.9.3 Case study 250 7.10 Welding and fatigue 253 7.10.1 Case study: calculation of resistance of weld joints in design 254 7.10.2 Real-world case study: welded cross-shaped structure 256 7.10.3 Case study: fracture mechanics and stresses 261 7.10.4 Case study in fatigue fracture mechanics 262 7.11 Limits of performance and of strength in the elastic domain 267 7.12 Proposed project: outboard motor for a small boat 269 7.13 Conclusion 270 Chapter 8 Friction, Brakes and Gear Systems 271 8.1 Friction, materials and design of assembled systems 271 8.2 Buttressing of mechanical connections 274 8.3 Case study: principles of calculations for brakes 279 8.3.1 Design of a double brake block by calculation 281 8.3.2 Design of inner double-shoe block brake 282 8.3.3 Design of a band brake block 284 8.3.4 Examples of principles of calculations for brake design, with solutions 287 8.3.5 Case study: hypothesis of the design of a double-shoe brake 289 8.3.6 Case study: hypothesis of the band brake whose drum has a radius R (mm and in) 291 8.3.7 Case study: differential brake using a roller pressed against a drum 292 8.3.8 Symmetrical shoe brake pressed against a drum with radius R 294 8.4 Principles of calculations of a gear system or gear disc 298 8.4.1 Case study: principles of calculations for gear systems 299 8.4.2 Analysis and choice of the dimensions of the cam gear system 300 8.4.3 Sizing of a cam gear system and case study 301 8.4.4 Case study: principles of calculations for gear systems in design 304 8.4.5 Conical gear system 307 8.5 Flywheels and rims (discs and rims) 309 8.5.1 Flywheel for a solid disc 311 8.5.2 Flywheel system with rim and discs (internal and external) made of cast iron 312 8.5.3 Flywheel: numerical applications Hypothesis II 314 8.6 Conclusion 315 Chapter 9 Sizing of Creations 317 9.1 Elastic machine elements and bolted assemblies 317 9.2 Dimensions (sizing) of bolted assemblies 321 9.3 Fatigue, shocks and endurance of bolted assemblies 324 9.4 Springs in mechanical design 325 9.4.1 Materials and geometry of compression springs 326 9.4.2 Case study of helical springs in mechanical design 338 9.4.3 Case study of a spring in a rocker switch 340 9.4.4 Verification of buckling of compression spring 344 9.5 Simple blade and spiral blade springs 345 9.6 Main expressions of design calculations for Belleville washers 346 9.7 Power transmission Case study: hoist 347 9.7.1 Power transmission and simple drum brake 348 9.8 Case study on couplings 350 9.8.1 Case study: analysis in design of brake elements 351 9.9 Case study on power transmission: external spring clutch 352 9.9.1 Case studies: power transmission Bolted assembly 353 9.9.2 Computer-assisted design of a hub (bolted assembly) 355 9.10 Couplings and machine elements subjected to stress at high speeds 356 9.10.1 Determination of the error in position of the shaft 357 9.10.2 Determination of the output velocity of the shaft 358 9.11 Design of spring rings 359 9.12 Principle of calculations for a Belleville washer: case study 361 9.13 Determination of the pressing moment for a bolted assembly 362 9.14 Power transmission by epicyclic gear system 363 9.15 Conclusion 365 Chapter 10 Design of Plastic Products 367 10.1 Calculations for the design of plastic parts 367 10.1.1 Mechanical parameters used during traction tests 368 10.2 Jointing of a ball bearing in a metal casing 370 10.3 Cylindrical clip of PP (e.g blinds): force exerted 371 10.3.1 Spherical clip of a PP: force exerted 374 10.4 Types of clip fitting: counter-cylindrical cantilever 376 10.4.1 Conical cantilever 378 10.4.2 Short cantilever 378 10.5 Configuration of strips: two-dimensional spline interpolation 381 10.5.1 Graphs of the model of the original surface 383 10.6 Press assembly 383 10.7 Reduction of stress relaxation: bolts and self-tapping screws 385 10.8 Case study: piping link 386 10.9 Assembly by forced jointing 388 10.10 Stress and thermal swelling in assembled materials 391 10.10.1 Stress intensifications 393 10.11 Capacity and reliability of roller bearings (plastic and otherwise) 395 10.12 Safe stress of the appropriate material for a plastic clutch system 396 10.13 Case study: plastic ball bearings 398 10.13.1 Calculation of the lifetime of roller bearings 401 10.14 Limits of performances of polymer design 401 10.15 Case study: fan with plastic blades 402 10.16 Conclusion 404 Chapter 11 Mechanical Design Projects 405 11.1 Proposed projects in mechanical design 405 11.2 Case studies of hoisting and handling devices 405 11.3 Projects design proposal for a lifting winch 406 11.3.1 Case study: parameters in sketching a lifting hook 408 11.3.2 Principles of calculations of the resistance of a lifting hook 409 11.3.3 Calculation and design (choice) of the round-wire coil spring 412 11.4 Calculation and design of a bolted assembly 414 11.5 Yield of power transmission of a screw mechanism 417 11.5.1 Calculations of stresses on the threads of a screw mechanism 419 11.5.2 Calculations of stresses at the root of the thread in a screw mechanism 420 11.5.3 Case study: numerical applications 420 11.6 Project 2: case studies: scooter 424 11.6.1 Presentation of the main parts 426 11.7 Project 3: dental hygiene dummy 428 11.7.1 Support clamped to the lab bench in the dental hygiene department 435 11.7.2 Case studies of a complete block and crank link 438 11.7.3 Explanatory photographic definition of the final product 439 Conclusion 443 Appendix 445 Bibliography 467 Index 471

Read more less

Book SynopsisManufacturing industries strive to improve the quality and reliability of their products, while simultaneously reducing production costs. To do this, modernized work tools must be produced; this will enable a reduction in the duration of the product development cycle, optimization of product development procedures, and ultimately improvement in the productivity of design and manufacturing phases. Numerical simulations of forming processes are used to this end, and in this book various methods and models for forming processes (including stamping, hydroforming and additive manufacturing) are presented. The theoretical and numerical advances of these processes involving large deformation mechanics on the basis of large transformations are explored, in addition to the various techniques for optimization and calculation of reliability. The advances and techniques within this book will be of interest to professional engineers in the automotive, aerospace, defence and other industries, as well as graduates and undergraduates in these fields.Table of ContentsPreface xi Chapter 1. Forming Processes 1 1.1. Introduction& 1 1.2. Different processes 1 1.2.1. Smelting 2 1.2.2. Machining 3 1.2.3. Powder metallurgy 5 1.3. Hot and cold forming 6 1.3.1. Influence of the static parameters 9 1.3.2. Hydroforming 12 1.3.3. The limitations of the process 13 1.3.4. Deep drawing 14 1.4. Experimental characterization 14 1.5. Forming criteria 16 1.5.1. Influence of the structure of sheet metal 18 1.5.2. Physical strain mechanisms 20 1.5.3. Different criteria 21 Chapter 2. Contact and Large Deformation Mechanics 23 2.1. Introduction 23 2.2. Large transformation kinematics 23 2.2.1. Kinematics of the problem in spatial coordinates 24 2.3. Transformation gradient 25 2.4. Strain measurements 26 2.4.1. Polar decomposition of F 26 2.4.2. Strain rate tensor 27 2.4.3. Canonical decomposition of F 28 2.4.4. Kinematics of the problem in convective coordinates 28 2.4.5. Transformation tensor 29 2.4.6. Strain rate measures 32 2.4.7. Strain tensor 35 2.5. Constitutive relations 36 2.5.1. Large elastoplastic transformations 38 2.5.2. Kinematic decomposition of the transformation 41 2.6. Incremental behavioral problem 42 2.6.1. Stress incrementation 42 2.6.2. Strain incrementation 44 2.6.3. Solution of the behavior problem 46 2.7. Definition of the P.V.W. in major transformations 49 2.7.1. Equilibrium equations 49 2.7.2. Definition of the P.V.W 50 2.7.3. Incremental formulation 51 2.8. Contact kinematics 52 2.8.1. Definition of the problem and notations 52 2.8.2. Contact formulation 53 2.8.3. Formulation of the friction problem 53 2.8.4. Friction laws 54 2.8.5. Coulomb's law 54 2.8.6. Tresca's law 55 Chapter 3. Stamping 57 3.1. Introduction 57 3.2. Forming limit curve 59 3.3. Stamping modeling: incremental problem 60 3.3.1. Modeling of sheet metal 61 3.3.2. Spatial discretization: finite elements method 62 3.3.3. Choice of sheet metal and finite element approximation 63 3.4. Modeling tools 64 3.4.1. Tool surface meshing into simple geometry elements 64 3.4.2. Analytical representation of tools 65 3.4.3. Bezier patches 65 3.5. Stamping numerical processing 72 3.5.1. Problem statement 73 3.5.2. The augmented Lagrangian method 75 3.6. Numerical simulations 79 3.6.1. Sollac test 81 Chapter 4. Hydroforming 83 4.1. Introduction 83 4.2. Hydroforming 85 4.2.1. Tube hydroforming 85 4.2.2. Sheet metal hydroforming 86 4.3. Plastic instabilities in hydroforming 87 4.3.1. Tube buckling 88 4.3.2. Wrinkling 90 4.3.3. Necking 91 4.3.4. Springback 92 4.4. Forming limit curve 92 4.5. Material characterization for hydroforming 94 4.5.1. Tensile testing 95 4.5.2. Bulge testing 95 4.6. Analytical modeling of a inflation test 97 4.6.1. Hill48 criterion in planar stresses 97 4.7. Numerical simulation 100 4.8. Mechanical characteristic of tube behavior 101 Chapter 5. Additive Manufacturing 105 5.1. Introduction 105 5.2. RP and stratoconception 107 5.3. Additive manufacturing definitions 109 5.4. Principle 113 5.4.1. Principle of powder bed laser sintering/melting 114 5.4.2. Principle of laser sintering/melting by projecting powder 116 5.5. Additive manufacturing in the IT-based development process 117 5.5.1. Concept "from the object to the object" 117 5.5.2. Key element of the IT development process 118 Chapter 6. Optimization and Reliability in Forming 121 6.1. Introduction 121 6.2. Different approaches to optimization processes 122 6.2.1. Limitations of the deterministic approaches 124 6.3. Characterization of forming processes by objective functions 125 6.4. Deterministic and probabilistic optimization of a T-shaped tube 126 6.4.1. Problem description 126 6.4.2. Choice of the objective function and definition of the stresses 127 6.4.3. Choice of the uncertain parameters 128 6.4.4. Choice of the objective function and the stresses 130 6.4.5. Deterministic formulation of the optimization problem 132 6.4.6. Probabilistic formulation of the optimization problem 133 6.4.7. Optima sensitivity to uncertainties 140 6.5. Deterministic and optimization-based reliability of a tube with two expansion regions 142 6.5.1. Problem description 142 6.5.2. Deterministic and reliabilist formulation of the optimization problem 147 6.6. Optimization-based reliability of circular sheet metal hydroforming 150 6.6.1. Problem description 150 6.6.2. Construction of the objective function and of the stresses 151 6.6.3. Effects diagram 151 6.6.4. Deterministic solution of the optimization problem 155 6.6.5. Reliabilist solution of the optimization problem 157 6.6.6. Effect of uncertainties on the optimal variables 159 6.7. Deterministic and robust optimization of a square plate 160 6.7.1. Robust resolution of the optimization problem 166 6.8. Optimization of thin sheet metal 168 Chapter 7. Application of Metamodels to Hydroforming 171 7.1. Introduction 171 7.2. Sources of uncertainty in forming 172 7.3. Failure criteria 173 7.3.1. Failure criteria for necking 174 7.3.2. Failure criteria for wrinkling 174 7.4. Evaluation strategy of the probability of failure 175 7.4.1. Finite element model and choice of uncertainty parameters 176 7.4.2. Identification of failure modes and definition of boundary states 180 7.4.3. Identification of elements and critical areas 181 7.5. Critical strains probabilistic characterization 185 7.5.1. Choice of numerical experimental design 186 7.5.2. Construction of metamodels 186 7.5.3. Validation and statistical analysis of metamodels 187 7.5.4. Fitting of distributions 187 7.6. Necking and wrinkling probabilistic study 193 7.7. Effects of the correlations on the probability of failure 196 7.7.1. Spatial estimation of the probability of failures 197 Chapter 8. Parameters Identification in Metal Forming 199 8.1. Introduction 199 8.2. Identification methods 199 8.2.1. Validation test 200 8.3. Welded tube hydroforming 203 8.3.1. Thin sheet metal hydroforming 205 Appendices 213 Appendix 1. Optimization in Mechanics 215 Appendix 2. Reliability in Mechanics 223 Appendix 3. Metamodels 233 Bibliography 243 Index 253

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis volume contains a selection of papers from the "Railtech 1996" event dealing with railway engineering, systems and safety. The topics covered include platform edge doors, factors influencing derailment risk and automatic train protection and the operational railway.Table of ContentsPlatform edge doors - a first for London Underground. Selection of central door locking system for InterCity coaches. Improving passenger safety at plaforms. Risk assessment for Class 373 Eurostar trains on 750V dc and 25KV ac infrastructure in the UK. Building your railway safety case - feedback from the front line. A survey of train to track CCTV transmission systems. Automatic train protection and the operational railway. Modernizing London Underground's Central Line train service. Material management and after sales support. Factors influencing derailment risk. Refurbishment of tube trains. Combating graffiti on rail vehicles. The value management culture - ensuring that re-engineered products give maximum value for money. Technical characteristics of the European RoadRailer system.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA Practical Guide to Engineering Failure Investigation has been written with the specific purpose of helping those involved in serious engineering failures. When mechanical plant fails, the technical, legal and contractual issues become very involved and complicated, and deciding causation can be difficult and prolonged. The principles and methodologies explained here will help engineers to link their technical knowledge to the commercial realities of working with insurers, loss adjusters and their representatives. This book is essential reading for consultants, expert witnesses and all engineers who may become involved in commercial failure investigations. CONTENTS INCLUDE: How to use this book Professional roles and responsibilities Strategy and tactics of failure investigation The inspection visit Doing a design and operation appraisal Mechanisms of failure Deciding causation How to present your conclusions Insurance investigations – deferring failure 'events' and proximate cause – subrogation. Table of ContentsAcknowledgements ix Preface xi PART I Chapter 1 About this book 3 Failure investigations - for what purpose? 4 An effective approach 5 Using the book 6 A reminder - your product 7 Chapter 2 Important concepts 9 Types of investigation 9 Core content 11 The damage/causation framework 'model' 12 Key point summary 25 Chapter 3 Roles 27 Investigation - opposing roles 28 A closer look - offence and defence 29 Professional responsibilities 31 The role of money 35 Victory and defeat 36 Key point summary 39 Chapter 4: Strategy and tactics 41 Strategy 42 Tactics 44 Basic skills 54 Key point summary 67 Part I Rewind 69 PART II Introduction 75 Chapter 5 Getting started - The inspection visit 77 Preliminaries - preparing for the visit 77 First contact - asking and listening 83 Some early ideas 86 Next step - the investigation plan 87 Summary - before you leave 90 Key point summary 93 Chapter 6 Design and operation assessment 95 Design assessment 97 The operation assessment 121 Key point summary 131 Chapter 7 Categorization 133 Categorization -v- causation: the difference 133 Paradox: the role of materials science 134 Failure categories 136 The next step 165 Key point summary 167 Chapter 8 Deciding causation 169 About causation 169 Decisions 170 Causation statements - structure 171 Proximate cause 187 Key point summary 195 Chapter 9 Presenting your conclusions 197 The written report 199 The verbal presentation 206 The dispute 208 Basic skill blocks 212 The dispute 'routine' 214 The radial fan case study dispute 219 Key point summary 225 Chapter 10 Insurance investigations 227 The principles of insurance 228 The insurance investigation 236 Back to the case study 244 Key point summary 249 Conclusion 251 Meanwhile, back in the office 253 References 255 Bibliography 256 Index 257

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe complex engineering problems associated with large hoisting equipment and hoisting cranes are wide ranging and require an understanding of a number of engineering disciplines. This text discusses and explains technical issues and considerations in a practical way, and offers a comprehensive review of the different types of cranes and their uses.Table of ContentsWire ropes; drives - calculating motor powers; brakes; standards; sagging and slapping of wire ropes; rock and roll of the spreader; machinery trolleys versus wire rope trolleys; twin-lift positioning; automatic identification equipment (AEI); construction and calculation methods on strength and fatigue; wheels tracks; maintenance.

Read more less

Book SynopsisCouplings and Shaft Alignment provides positive practical guidance to engineers dealing with shaft couplings for the transmission of power, and concerned with the related problem of shaft alignment. First published in 1991, this useful text has been revised and reprinted in a more readable, updated format. COMPLETE CONTENTS: An approach to coupling selection Preliminary choice Gear couplings Multiple membrane couplings Contoured disc couplings Elastomeric element couplings Quill shaft couplings Alignment Effect on machine train dynamics Hub mounting Accessories Nomenclature Coupling data sheet Bibliography The book offers a systematic approach to the selection and specification of shaft couplings, and a rational approach to shaft alignment, which can assist in achieving the desired levels of reliability in process plant. It can be wholeheartedly recommended to all practising engineers involved in the design, specification, selection, operation, and maintenance of machine systems involving flexible shaft couplings.Table of ContentsPreface. Foreword. Chapter 1. An Approach to Coupling Selection. Chapter 2. Preliminary Choice. Chapter 3. Gear Couplings. Chapter 4. Multiple Membrane Couplings. Chapter 5. Contoured Disc Couplings. Chapter 6. Elastomeric Element Couplings. Chapter 7. Quill Shaft Couplings. Chapter 8. Alignment. Chapter 9. Effect on Machine Train Dynamics. Chapter 10. Hub mounting. Chapter 11. Accessories. Appendix 1. Nomenclature. Appendix 2. Coupling Data Sheet. Bibliography.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis fully revised and up-dated Second Edition of the highly successful Process Pump Selection eases the daunting task that faces a process industries' engineer employed in the process industries and responsible for the specification, selection, and purchase of process equipment. This volume provides essential guidelines, based on the operational experience of large numbers of plumbing installations over many years on a diverse range of duties and process plants. Process Pump Selection: A Systems Approach will be an invaluable source of information for engineers and others working for user organizations in the process and service sector industries. It will not only be of great assistance to engineers faced with the specification, selection, and procurement of pumps, but will also provide pump manufacturers with a great insight into the problems facing pump users and plant designers. COMPLETE CONTENTS: Pump specification and selection Positive displacement pumps: reciprocating metering Positive displacement pumps: reciprocating special purpose Positive displacement pumps: rotary Centrifugal pumps Centrifugal pumps: special purpose and multistage Common points Sealing considerations Pump and system combined Appendices Index Table of ContentsAcknowledgements. Preface. Notation. Chapter 1. Pump specification and selection. Chapter 2. Positive displacement pumps: reciprocating metering. Chapter 3. Positive displacement pumps: reciprocating special purpose. Chapter 4. Positive displacement pumps: rotary. Chapter 5. Centrifugal pumps. Chapter 6. Centrifugal pumps: special purpose and multistage. Chapter 7. Common points. Chapter 8. Sealing considerations. Addendum. Pump and system combined. Appendices. Appendix I. Symbols and preferred units. Appendix II. Reliability classification. Appendix III. Rheology definitions. Appendix IV. Data sheets. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA review of pneumatic conveyance technology and challenges Successful Pneumatic Conveying provides a detailed overview of the field's fundamental principles and practices. Presented by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, this book features detailed explanations, current technologies, and solutions to the challenges encountered in the design and construction of efficient pneumatic conveyance systems. Topics include vacuum versus positive pressure, blockage problems, high pressure systems, particle attention and deposition, attrition and wear, conveying fragile materials, and more to provide useful insight to engineers in the field.Table of ContentsIntroduction to pneumatic conveying, N. Mainwaring; vacuum versus positive pressure, R. Burgess; design for throughput, R. Huggett; solving throughput and blockage problems in pneumatic conveying systems, M.G. Jones; reliability of operation - in practice, C. Chubb; understanding and controlling attrition and wear, M. Bradley; particle attrition and deposition in pneumatic conveying, T. Taylor; pneumatic conveying of fragile materials, J.M. Bell; pneumatic conveying systems associated with high-pressure system, M. Chisholm.

Read more less

Book SynopsisLeakage and emmission control is a critical function in process plant, industrial equipment, machinery, and transportation systems. This volume reflects many of the recent advances in sealing technology with topics including: tribology; static seals; and mechanical seals.Table of ContentsPart 1 Tribology: tribological behaviour of PTFE seal materials in sealing contact with steel and ceramic coatings; influence of the sealing surface characteristics on friction behaviour. Part 2 Dynamic seals - 1: the sealing mechanisms of rotary shaft seals with reference to the elastomer deformation in the contact zone; a study on the fluid-flow and the film-thickness of radial shaft seals using fluorescent microcapsule visualization and laser-induced fluorescent method; prediction of lip seal performance - an advanced FEA/interface iterative solver; material models for finite element analysis based on the example of rotary lip seals for pressure. Part 3 Modelling: gas pressure and leakage rate in static seals; cost-effective perfluoroelastomer sealing solutions for aggressive environments; increased confidence in sealing system design using FEA simulations; simulation of fluid seals by coupled fluid-solid-mechanical analysis. Part 4 Static seals: experience with bolted-flanged joints and the selection of gaskets to minimize fugitive emissions; fastener phobia in fluid sealing; an alternative to asbestos for high-temperature gasketting applications; the further development of a high-temperature sealing material based upon chemically exfoliated vermiculite; the use of serrated core metallic gaskets on air coolers. Part 5 Mechanical seals - 1: towards the universal mechanical seal for industrial pumps; development and application of double pulse gas-liquid face seals; condition monitoring of mechanical seals using actively generated ultrasonic waves; reactor coolant pump seal response to loss of cooling. Part 6 Dynamic seals - 2: optimal surface roughness of the shafts co-operating with oil lip seals; leakage of radial lip seals at large eccentricities; face packing seals - new opportunities for pump rotor hermetic sealing; study of sealing capability of magnetic fluid shaft seals. Part 7 Emissions: joint industry project on the measurement of fugitive emissions from valve stems; improved gland packings for control valves; fugitive emissions from VCM - PVC units - results of the ECVM survey; in-situ repair of double "O" ring seals on CO2 pressure boundaries. Part 8 Mechanical seals -2: the influence of the duty parameter G on the PV limit in mechancial seals; an advanced test bench for mechanical face seals testing; development and tests of the advance wear-resistant mechanical face seals; analysis of lubricant regime transition, experimentally observed in liquid face seals, using an analytical model for thermoelastic face distortion. Part 9 Non-contacting: a model of zero pressure differences and zero leakage for non-contacting spiral groove liquid face seals; determination of optimal parameters of labyrinth-screw seals and pumps; advanced aerostatic dry gas seal; influence of centrifugal growth of runner on floating bushing oil seal performance and compressor stability using finite element methods.

Read more less

Book SynopsisVibrations in Rotating Machinery provides an opportunity for the reader to be informed of new developments and industrial applications of current trechnology relevant to the vibration of machines and assemblies.Table of ContentsBladed systems; balancing; case studies; surface influences; rub; impacts and rub; identification; active control; bearings and rotors; rotors; bearings; bearing and seals; condition monitoring and cracked rotors; condition monitoring; theoretical considerations.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book offers the reader clear and accessible advice – whether seeking a standard screw feeder for a well-proven application, or designing from scratch for a new duty where no prior experience can be drawn upon for performance verification. Screw feeders today play an increasingly important role in the drive towards improved quality, reduced costs, increased capacity, better working conditions, and flexibility in solids processing. Advances in control methods are being matched with improved predictability and reliability of the processes being controlled. The intensive and integrative nature of many production lines crucially depends upon each element working to its full design capability. Solid feeding operations comprise a key activity, renowned for operating difficulties out of all proportion to the cost of the equipment. This excellent book, by an acknowledged expert in the area, provides a valuable introduction to the subject together with guidance on the selection and application of a range of screw feeders. COMPLETE CONTENTS: Introduction Classes of Screw Equipment Screw Feeder Types Construction Interfacing Screw Feeders with Hoppers Selection Criteria Special Forms of Screw Feeders Case Studies Bibliography Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction. 1.1. Screw Applications. 1.2. Properties of Bulk Solids. Chapter 2. Classes of Screw Equipment. 2.1. Screw Conveyors. 2.2. Screw elevators. 2.3. Screw Feeders. Chapter 3. Screw Feeder Types. 3.1. Collecting Screw Feeders. 3.2. Screw Conveyor/Feeders. 3.3. Bin Discharge Screw Feeders. 3.4. Metering Screw Feeders. Chapter 4. Screw Construction. 4.1. Mechanics of Screws. 4.2. Screw Forms. 4.3. Materials of Construction and Finish. Chapter 5. Interfacing Screw Feeders with Hoppers. 5.1. Flow Patterns in Hoppers. 5.2. Screw Geometry. 5.3. Feed Hopper Geometry. 5.4. Screw Extraction Patterns. Chapter 6. Selection Criteria. 6.1. Forms of Equipment. 6.2. Hazards and Limitations. 6.3. Capacity. 6.4. Power. Chapter 7. Special Forms of Screw Feeders. 7.1. Non-standard Types. 7.2. Feeders with Process Function. 7.3. Features and Accessories. Chapter 8. Case Studies. 8.1. Agitated Feeder. 8.2. Loss in Weight Feeder Make-up System. 8.3. Inclined Screw Feeder with Twin Agitator. Bibliography. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis second edition of Cranes – Design, Practice, and Maintenance has been thoroughly updated. Many new photographs are included and the latest information on developments in equipment and crane technology has been added. The chapter on standards has also been revised to include a comprehensive guide to current legislation. This unique book discusses and explains the technical issues and considerations in a practical way, offering a comprehensive review of the different types of cranes and their uses. Heavily illustrated with photographs and line drawings, this title continues to be of considerable interest to crane designers, crane manufacturers and suppliers, crane users, project managers, health and safety specialists, and consultants involved in a wide range of industries. TOPICS COVERED INCLUDE: Introduction Wire ropes Drives: calculating motor powers Brakes Standards Sagging and slapping of the wire ropes Rock and roll of the spreader Machinery trolleys versus wire rope trolleys Twin lift Positioning Automatic equipment identification (AEI) Construction and calculation methods on strength and fatigue Wheels and tracks. Table of ContentsWire ropes; drives - calculating motor powers; brakes; standards; sagging and slapping of the wire ropes; machinery trolleys versus wire rope trolleys; twin lift; positioning; automatic equipment identification (AEI); construction and calculation methods on strength and fatigue; wheels and tracks; miscellaneous; maintenance.

Read more less

Book SynopsisFans are probably the most commonly used machines – from computers to power station boilers, they come in all shapes and sizes. In today’s ever more demanding marketplace companies are evolving fans that are more efficient, quieter, and cheaper to run. These IMechE event transactions bring together international authors presenting their latest research and development. With significant developments, such as the impact of CFD on fan design and the increasingly common application of variable speed, International Conference on Fans provides a unique opportunity for both manufacturers and users of fans to share their experience and findings. Topics include: Noise and vibration Small fans and motors Computational fluid dynamics Cooling applications Operation and maintenance Impact of technology, legislation, and testing Fan design International Conference on Fans is vital reading for fan users, installers, consultants, and manufacturers and everyone concerned with power generation, industrial processes, commercial ventilation, air conditioning, tunnel and mine ventilation.Table of ContentsKeynote Paper C631/100/2004 Fans - just how mature are they? W T W Cory 3 Noise and Vibration C631/013/2004 Acoustic optimization of refrigerated foods display case D Hopkins 11 C631/009/2004 Prediction of fan broadband noise A Guedel, M Roger, C Truffinet, and S Moreau 25 C631/018/2004 Performance enhancement using blade tip injection coupled with casing treatment B H Beheshti, J A Teixeira, P C Ivey, K Ghorbanian, and B Farhanieh 35 C631/019/2004 The application of winglets in small fans to achieve a noise reduction W Angelis and G Eimer 45 C631/003/2004 Aerotip reduces pulsation and enhances the performances of air cooling fans H F van der Spek 51 C631/002/2004 Controlling fan vibration with active balancing to solve serious reliability and maintenance problems A J Winzenz 61 Small Fans and Motors C631/001/2004 Novel concepts for improved brushless fan motors A Lelkes 73 Computational Fluid Dynamics C631/005/2004 Computational techniques for aeroelasticity and aero-acoustic analyses of aero-engine fan assemblies X Wu, A I Sayma, W Vahdati, and M Imregun 85 C631/016/2004 Utilization of CFD in development of centrifugal fan aerodynamics J A Tallgren, D A Sarin, and A G Sheard 99 C631/020/2004 Flow-field downstream of an axial-flow fan - comparison between numerical simulations and experimental results at different loads P Puddu 119 C631/039/2004 Design of a box fan rotor using three-dimensional inverse design method H Okamoto, H Watanabe, M Zangeneh, and A Goto 129 Cooling Applications C631/030/2004 Reduction of cooling fan usage through control applications in automotive air-conditioning systems K Chan and R Pritchard 141 C631/025/2004 Advanced velocity profile behind aircoolers using a streamer E Reichert 151 C631/026/2004 Using brushless DC-motors for automotive applications - performance range 250 W up to 1000 W H Schneeweiss 159 C631/031/2004 Experimental investigation to determine the influence of an air-handling unit on the characteristics and acoustics of plug centrifugal fans O Sadi and P Kremer 169 Operation and Maintenance C631/022/2004 Detailed experimental investigation of the flow field during design and off-design operation of a squirrel cage fan S Cabitza, F Nurzia, C Palomba, and P Pudda 181 C631/011/2004 Energy savings by improved application of fans in an air handling unit G Lockwood 191 C631/008/2004 Fan performance improvements on an existing installation - a case study K Lownie and R Bourcier 201 C631/010/2004 Do fans cause furnace implosions? R G Adams 211 Impact of Technology, Legislation, and Testing C631/007/2004 Fan technology - evolutionary potential and evolutionary limits D Mann 225 C631/028/2004 Do you know... a hawk from a handsaw, or a pressure vessel from a fan, (or why we need a technical fan specification)? A A Hutchings 235 C631/034/2004 Industrial fans - performance testing using standardized airways M R Stevens 243 Fan Design C631/023/2004 A more flexible approach to fan retro-fits R Mulholland and J Irons 255 C631/006/2004 Centrifugal fans for desulphurization service - a manufacturing experience P Saccenti and S Di Vincenzo 271 C631/036/2004 Fan selection - a practical guide C Halstead 283 C631/038/2004 Fan design for hovercraft and impact of new technology J L Allison, B G Forstell, and M L McCain 297 C631/017/2004 Time-accurate investigation of the rotor - struts interaction effects in an industrial axial-flow fan J A Teixeira, A Tourlidakis, I R Kinghorn, and A G Sheard 307 C631/032/2004 The design of a ducted fan for a scale model of a Harrier Jump-Jet P R Emmerson and G C Horton 321 C631/012/2004 Reverse axial-flow fans in ventilation systems V Cyrus, P Wurst, and P Koci 335 C631/015/2004 Computational and experimental surveys of three similar industrial axial-flow fans J A Teixeira, A Tourlidakis, I R Kinghorn, and A G Sheard 345 C631/004/2004 Characteristics of performance with different shapes of blades in centrifugal blower J W Kim and A Y Ahn 359 Authors' Index 369

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis two-volume set has been written primarily for engineers, technicians, and scientists who are contemplating the unknown but attractive world of technological entrepreneurship, a key driver of economic growth in developed countries and critical in stimulating growth in developing countries. The purpose is to prepare these professionals as members of teams focusing on commercializing new technology-based products. The material has also been used to introduce engineering students to the processes involved in technological entrepreneurship. Volume one provides a background of fundamentals and theory to prepare the reader for the venture launch. Topics include the entrepreneurial process, the venture team, developing and marketing high tech products, and launching the new venture. Volume two goes into detail in critical areas such as intellectual property protection, legal forms of organization, financial projections, and business plan preparation and delivery. The primary emphasis is focused on creating lean and agile organizations capable of recognizing opportunities, quickly developing introductory products for small test markets to better define the opportunities, and using the results of those test markets to arrive at a product with wide acceptance capable of driving growth.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis two-volume book comprises a comprehensive up-to-date body of knowledge that provides a total in-depth insight into valve and actuator technology – looking not just at control valves, but a whole host of other types including: check valves, shut-off valves, solenoid valves, and pressure relief valves. Research studies within the process industry routinely indicate that the fluid control valve is responsible for 60 to 70% of poor-functioning control systems. Furthermore, valves in general are consistently wrongly selected, regularly misapplied, and often incorrectly installed. A methodology is presented to ensure the optimum selection of size, choice of body and trim materials, components, and ancillaries. Whilst studying the correct procedures for sizing, readers will also learn the correct procedures for calculating the spring 'wind-up' or 'bench set'. Maintenance issues also include: testing for deadband/hysteresis, stick-slip and non-linearity; on-line diagnostics; and signature analysis. Written in a detailed but understandable language, the two volumes are presented in a form suitable for both the beginner, with no prior knowledge of the subject, and the more advanced specialist.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis two-volume book comprises a comprehensive up-to-date body of knowledge that provides a total in-depth insight into valve and actuator technology – looking not just at control valves, but a whole host of other types including: check valves, shut-off valves, solenoid valves, and pressure relief valves. Research studies within the process industry routinely indicate that the fluid control valve is responsible for 60 to 70% of poor-functioning control systems. Furthermore, valves in general are consistently wrongly selected, regularly misapplied, and often incorrectly installed. A methodology is presented to ensure the optimum selection of size, choice of body and trim materials, components, and ancillaries. Whilst studying the correct procedures for sizing, readers will also learn the correct procedures for calculating the spring 'wind-up' or 'bench set'. Maintenance issues also include: testing for deadband/hysteresis, stick-slip and non-linearity; on-line diagnostics; and signature analysis. Written in a detailed but understandable language, the two volumes are presented in a form suitable for both the beginner, with no prior knowledge of the subject, and the more advanced specialist.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis straightforward guide to compressors seeks to unveil a lot of myths surrounding compressors. In this book, we will be looking at most types of compressors, including the centrifugal compressors, the air compressors, and of course the most troublesome of all compressors, the reciprocating compressors.Having a compressor with minimal operating problems does not only depend on the selection of the right type and size for your job. Detailed specifications of all auxiliary equipment and operating conditions, as well as keeping constant vigilance over the engineering and installation is imperative. The Simple Guide will explain in a simple yet definitive manner which compressor type is best used for which job and what it can produce.

Read more less

Book SynopsisRotating Equipment: Maintenance and Troubleshooting has been written on the back of Dr. Watterson's experience in working with over 20 oil refineries and petrochemical and fertilizer industries worldwide, which spans over 30 years. Every aspect of rotating equipment is explored, from turbines, both gas and steam, compressors, pumps to the use of predictive maintenance equipment. Included in this book is an in-depth explanation of predictive maintenance techniques, such as ultrasound testing, eddy curves, visual testing techniques, such as stroboscope, liquid penetrant, and vibration monitoring. Dr. Watterson also describes clearly the value of online condition-based monitoring of rotating equipment. The primary objective of this book is to show the way to reduce cost and frequency of planned maintenance by detection of abnormalities on equipment's operating and preset performance parameters.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book addresses the types of seals and bearings that are commonly found in most rotating and moving machinery, including how they are designed, how they work and what can be done to ensure that they continue maintain proper lubrication and successful operation. Tribology is the scientific and engineering study of friction, and in common practice; it most often involves the control and reduction of friction. This is particularly critical to the successful and continued operation of moving parts. The author discusses the critical lubrication issues dealt with in gears and gear boxes, focusing on specific types of mechanical seals, including compression seals, hydrodynamic seals, hydrostatic seals, and mechanical face seals. Dr. Watterson also introduces the reader to the major types of bearings, including roller bearings, ball bearings and various types of sealed bearing systems, and their maintenance and lubrication requirements.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book builds the subject from a foundation that static equilibrium occurs when the rate of change of work done by the load is equal to the rate of change of strain energy in the structure, Energy methods are a powerful tool for the stress analysis of loaded structures. This book builds the subject from a foundation that static equilibrium occurs when the rate of change of work done by the load is equal to the rate of change of strain energy in the structure. Advanced applications of the method are easily developed from this fundamental principle by partial differentiation of the appropriate terms. The methods solve linear problems, statically indeterminate structures, non-linear problems, frames and the derivation of stiffness matrices used in finite element analysis. Critical buckling loads for struts, plates and panels are modelled by comparison of the strain energy stored in the unbuckled and buckled shapes. This method develops an interesting discussion on the theory of buckling of a long slender strut which is additional to those in traditional texts. Post buckling stiffness of plates and panels are modelled using assumed shapes for strain energy calculation. The presentation offers a clear reasoning leading to analysis possibilities not seen in traditional texts which espouse concepts of virtual work, minimum potential energy, complementary energy, and the unit load method.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Fifth edition of this classic textbook includes a solutions manual. Extensive supplemental instructor resources are forthcoming in the Fall of 2022.Mechanical Vibration: Theory and Application presents comprehensive coverage of the fundamental principles of mechanical vibration, including the theory of vibration, as well as discussions and examples of the applications of these principles to practical engineering problems. The book also addresses the effects of uncertainties in vibration analysis and design and develops passive and active methods for the control of vibration. Many example problems with solutions are provided. These examples as well as compelling case studies and stories of real-world applications of mechanical vibration have been carefully chosen and presented to help the reader gain a thorough understanding of the subject. There is a solutions manual for instructors who adopt this book. Request a solutions manual here (https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/mechanical-vibration).Trade ReviewThis fifth edition of Mechanical Vibration, a broad and deep exposition not only of vibration, but also of system uncertainties and control, has been expanded and re-written in many parts. The comprehensive coverage includes elementary as well as advanced and professional topics. There are numerous engineering case studies, new appendixes on damping models, and extensive MATLAB resources. The exposition of concepts is careful and precise and yet the presentation is casual, a combination that makes the book remarkably easy and enjoyable to read. -- Fai Ma * Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley *Mechanical vibration permeates every aspect of engineering design including automotive, aerospace, electronics, machine tools, robotics and structural systems. This text provides a well-integrated, clear and concise discussion of the theory and practice of mechanical vibration as well as the related subjects of random vibration and vibration control. It presents a wide array of real-world examples and meaningful case studies, highlighted by interesting photographs that motivate the subject. There are many solved problems, detailed derivations, and insights that draw on the academic and industrial experiences of the authors. Some of the examples address very classical systems, and others target next generation systems that are currently at the leading edge of technology. The authors are to be congratulated for writing an engaging textbook that makes the challenging and important subject of vibration accessible to engineering students in various disciplines. -- Thomas R. Kurfess * George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology *For a broad range of engineers involved in structural analysis, this is, in my opinion, a definitely "must have" book. It is perfectly relevant to numerous applications of vibrational analysis in civil, mechanical, aerospace, and biomechanical engineering fields. Although it is written primarily as a textbook, an experienced reader will find it equally useful as a systematic reference of major modern concepts, solutions, and demonstrations cases. The authors have found an optimum balance between “mathematical” and “applied” sides, emphasizing, on one hand, the motivation and modeling of reality, and lessons learned from generated results and, on the other hand, providing rigorous mathematical implementations in a very clear and logical way. The book is extremely well written, and very easy to read, with numerous examples. It also includes an appendix with extensive MATLAB programs for quick implementation into engineering practice. I especially value the chapters on random vibration that demonstrate the importance of probabilistic solutions of structural reliability. It is also a pleasure indeed to read historical anecdotes and life sketches and understand the development of modern mechanics as a process. -- Mark Gurvich * Technical Fellow, Collins Aerospace *Whether tuning a suspension, maximizing tire grip, honing a cylinder bore or determining (just enough) engine isolation, the topic of vibration is critical to vehicle design. This book is impressive, not only in its scope, but also in its approach. The presentation of material is well thought-out, the examples and derivations are quite detailed and easy to follow, while the prose, pictures and bios provide unique context that make the subject matter surprisingly engaging. Aside from making this broad topic approachable to students, this book serves as a concise reference for professionals. The inclusion of an overview of basic (time domain) controls, as well as random vibration, adds additional value and perspective. -- Jim Sadauckas * Staff System Engineer, Vehicle Dynamics & Simulation, Harley-Davidson Motor Company *In the design of vehicles, vibration is a constant issue as it influences complete vehicle properties such as cabin comfort, driving performance, and vehicle dynamics and can lead to fatigue, damage, and failure. Control of vibration is a key factor in successful vehicle design, making this book on modern vibration highly relevant. The book connects theory with practice, includes many worked examples and case studies, and is a resource on vibration that imparts deep physical as well as mathematical understanding to the student or engineer. It is highly recommended. -- Julian Weber * Head of Innovation Projects E-Mobility, BMW *I have heard people say that good writing has a ‘voice.’ Mechanical Vibration by Benaroya, Nagurka, and Han has a voice that tells a rich story about vibration analysis in all its glory – from the beauty of its mathematics through its impact on our daily lives to the history of the people who brought it to life. -- Keith Buffinton * Dean of Engineering, emeritus, Bucknell University *Table of Contents1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND2. SINGLE DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM UNDAMPED VIBRATION 3. SINGLE DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM DAMPED VIBRATION4. SINGLE DOF VIBRATION: GENERAL LOADING AND ADVANCED TOPICS5. VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES AND ANALYTICAL DYNAMICS6. MULTI DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM VIBRATION7. CONTINUOUS MODELS FOR VIBRATION 8. CONTINUOUS MODELS FOR VIBRATION: ADVANCED MODELS9. RANDOM VIBRATION: PROBABILISTIC FORCES10. VIBRATION CONTROL 11. NONLINEAR VIBRATIONA: MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS FOR VIBRATIONB: VISCOELASTIC DAMPINGC: SOLVING VIBRATION PROBLEMS WITH MATLABIndex

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis volume contains the proceedings of the RAAD 2018 conference, covering major areas of research and development in robotics. It provides an overview on the advances in robotics, more specifically in novel design and applications of robotic systems; dexterous grasping, handling and intelligent manipulation; intelligent cooperating and service robots; advanced robot control; human-robot interfaces; robot vision systems and visual serving techniques; mobile robots; humanoid and walking robots; field and agricultural robotics; bio-inspired and swarm robotic systems; developments towards micro and nano-scale robots; aerial, underwater and spatial robots; robot integration in holonic manufacturing; personal robots for ambient assisted living; medical robots and bionic prostheses; intelligent information technologies for cognitive robots etc. The primary audience of the work are researchers as well as engineers in robotics and mechatronics. Table of Contents

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis resource covers all areas of interest for the practicing engineer as well as for the student at various levels and educational institutions. It features the work of authors from all over the world who have contributed their expertise and support the globally working engineer in finding a solution for today‘s mechanical engineering problems. Each subject is discussed in detail and supported by numerous figures and tables.Table of ContentsPart A Fundamentals: .- Introduction to Mathematics.- Mechanics.- Thermodynamics.- Part B Materials: .- Atomic Structure and Microstructure Characterization.- Mechanical and Physical Properties.- Corrosion and Corrosion Resistance.- Nondestructive Inspection.- Engineering Materials and their Properties.- Tribology.- Part C Manufacturing: .- Casting.- Metal Forming.- Machining Processes.- Assembly, Disassembly, Joining Techniques.- Precision Machinery Using MEMS Technology.- Measuring and Quality Control.- Part D Machine and Systems Design: .- Machine Elements.- Engineering Design.- Piston Machines.- Pressure Vessels and Heat Exchangers.- Turbomachinery.- Conveying and Construction Machinery.- Part E Transportation – Mobility: .-Trends in mobility and transportation.- Automotive Engineering.- Railway Systems - Railway Engineering.- Aerospace Engineering.- Ships and Maritime Transportation.- Part F Related Engineering Fields: .- Electrical Engineering.- Power Generation.- Annex: General Tables.

Read more less