Maths for engineers Books

Book SynopsisThe aim of this book is the study of signals and deterministic systems, linear, time-invariant, finite dimensions and causal. A set of useful tools is selected for the automatic and signal processing and methods of representation of dynamic linear systems are exposed, and analysis of their behavior. Finally we discuss the estimation, identification and synthesis of control laws for the purpose of stabilization and regulation.Table of ContentsPreface ix Chapter 1 Control, Servo-mechanisms and System Regulation 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.1.1. Generalities and definitions 1 1.1.2. Control law synthesis 5 1.1.3. Comprehension and application exercises 7 1.2. Process control 11 1.2.1. Correction in the frequency domain 11 1.2.2. Phase advance controller and PD controller 12 1.2.3. Phase delay controller and integrator compensator 14 1.2.4. Proportional, integral and derivative (PID) control 17 1.3. Some application exercises 23 1.3.1. Identification of the transfer function and control 23 1.3.2. PI control 30 1.3.3. Phase advance control 33 1.4. Some application exercises 36 1.5. Application 1: stabilization of a rigid robot with pneumatic actuator 39 1.5.1. Conventional approach 41 1.6. Application 2: temperature control of an oven 51 1.6.1. Modeling and identification study 51 Chapter 2 System Process Control 55 2.1. Introduction 55 2.2. Modeling 55 2.2.1. Introduction 55 2.3. Governability, controllability and observability 56 2.3.1. Characteristic polynomial, minimal polynomial and Cayley–Hamilton theorem 56 2.3.2. Governability or controllability 56 2.3.3. Observability 63 2.3.4. Observer 68 2.3.5. Observer for state reconstruction 69 2.3.6. Minimal state–space representation 76 2.4. State feedback, control by poles placement and stability 79 2.4.1. State feedback control 79 2.4.2. Poles placement and stabilizability 80 2.4.3. Finite-time response for a discrete system, deadbeat response 83 2.4.4. Use of observers in control: separation principle 85 2.5. Linear quadratic (LQ) control 86 2.5.1. Linear quadratic regulator 89 2.6. Optimal control (LQ) 90 2.7. Comprehension and application exercises 94 Chapter 3 Actuators: Modeling and Analysis 117 3.1. Introduction: electric, hydraulic and pneumatic actuators 117 3.1.1. Representation methods for physical systems 118 3.1.2. Modeling of a few constituents of physical systems 120 3.2. Transmission chains, actuators and sensors 126 3.2.1. Electric actuators in robotics 126 3.2.2. Motor speed torque characteristic 131 3.2.3. Dynamic behavior or transient behavior 131 3.2.4. Electric systems motor load 134 3.3. Pneumatic actuators 137 3.3.1. Pneumatic system modeling 137 3.3.2. Frictions model 145 3.4. Hydraulic actuators 149 3.4.1. System description 149 3.4.2. Mechanical model 151 3.4.3. Hydraulic actuator model 152 3.5. Application exercises 155 Chapter 4 Digital Control and Polynomial Approach 161 4.1. Introduction to digital control 161 4.1.1. Digital controller synthesis by transposition 162 4.1.2. Euler’s transposition 164 4.1.3. Choice of the sampling period (Shannon’s theorem) 170 4.2. PID controller synthesis and its equivalent digital RST 171 4.2.1. Standard controllers 171 4.2.2. Study of digital PIDs 172 4.2.3. Digital RST controller synthesis 178 4.2.4. Choice of poles and zeros to compensate 179 4.2.5 Computation of polynomials R, S and T 180 4.2.6. Additional objectives for synthesis 181 4.3. Digital control by poles placement 182 4.3.1. Choice of the sampling period 183 4.4. Diophantine, Bézout, greatest common divisor, least common multiple and division 183 4.4.1. Polynomial arithmetic 183 4.4.2. Diophantine equation ax + by = c and Bachet–Bézout theorem 184 4.4.3. Bézout’s identity 185 4.4.4. Greatest common divisor 185 4.4.5. Least common multiple 185 4.5. A few comprehension and application exercises 186 Chapter 5 NAO Robot 193 5.1. Introduction 193 5.2. Home care project 194 5.2.1. Choregraphe software 194 5.2.2. Nao Matlab SDK research 199 5.2.3. Nao and home care 206 5.2.4. The actions to be made 207 5.3. Details of the various programs 208 5.3.1. Ask for news 208 5.3.2. CallFirefighters box 212 5.3.3. CallNeighbor box 213 5.3.4. CallFamily box 215 5.3.5. Collision detection 215 5.3.6. Special actions: waking-up 216 5.3.7. Morning hygiene 220 5.3.8. Gymnastics 221 5.3.9. Nurse call 225 5.3.10. Memory game 227 5.3.11. Drugs reminder 232 5.3.12. Reading 233 5.3.13. Listening to music 235 5.3.14. Multiplication game 239 5.3.15. Nao’s dance 243 5.3.16. Memory game 245 5.3.17. Detect person on the ground 247 5.3.18. At any time 251 5.4. Conclusion 253 5.4.1. Nao’s limitations and possible improvements 253 Chapter 6 Application Problems with Solutions 255 6.1. Exercise 6.1: car suspension 255 6.1.1. Modeling 256 6.1.2. Analysis 257 6.2. Exercise 6.2: electromechanical system 259 6.2.1. Modeling 260 6.2.2. Analysis 262 6.3. Exercises: identification and state–space representation 263 6.3.1. Exercise 6.3 263 6.3.2. Exercise 6.4 265 6.3.3. Exercise 6.5 268 6.3.4. Exercise 6.6 270 6.3.5. Exercise 6.7 276 6.4. Exercises: observation and control of nonlinear systems 278 6.4.1. Exercise 6.8 278 6.4.2. Exercise 6.9 280 6.4.3. Exercise 6.10 288 6.4.4. Exercise 6.11 291 6.4.5. Exercise 6.12 293 6.4.6. Exercise 6.13 296 6.4.7. Exercise 6.14 300 6.4.8. Exercise 6.15 300 Bibliography 307 Index 313

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Book SynopsisMost physical problems can be written in the form of mathematical equations (differential, integral, etc.). Mathematicians have always sought to find analytical solutions to the equations encountered in the different sciences of the engineer (mechanics, physics, biology, etc.). These equations are sometimes complicated and much effort is required to simplify them. In the middle of the 20th century, the arrival of the first computers gave birth to new methods of resolution that will be described by numerical methods. They allow solving numerically as precisely as possible the equations encountered (resulting from the modeling of course) and to approach the solution of the problems posed. The approximate solution is usually computed on a computer by means of a suitable algorithm. The objective of this book is to introduce and study the basic numerical methods and those advanced to be able to do scientific computation. The latter refers to the implementation of approaches adapted to the treatment of a scientific problem arising from physics (meteorology, pollution, etc.) or engineering (structural mechanics, fluid mechanics, signal processing, etc.) .Table of ContentsPreface xi Part 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Review of Linear Algebra 3 1.1. Vector spaces 3 1.1.1. General definitions 3 1.1.2. Free families, generating families and bases 4 1.2. Linear mappings 5 1.3. Matrices 7 1.3.1. Operations on matrices 7 1.3.2. Change-of-basis matrices 8 1.3.3. Matrix notations 9 1.4. Determinants 10 1.5. Scalar product 12 1.6. Vector norm 12 1.7. Matrix eigenvectors and eigenvalues 13 1.7.1. Definitions and properties 13 1.7.2. Matrix diagonalization 15 1.7.3. Triangularization of matrices 15 1.8 Using Matlab 16 Chapter 2 Numerical Precision 21 2.1. Introduction 21 2.2. Machine representations of numbers 22 2.3. Integers 23 2.3.1. External representation 23 2.3.2. Internal representation of positive integers 24 2.4. Real numbers 25 2.4.1. External representation 25 2.4.2. Internal encoding of real numbers 25 2.5. Representation errors 26 2.5.1. Properties of computer-based arithmetic 27 2.5.2. Operation of subtraction 28 2.5.3. Stability 29 2.6. Determining the best algorithm 29 2.7 Using Matlab 30 2.7.1. Definition of variables 30 2.7.2. Manipulating numbers 30 Part 2 Approximating Functions 35 Chapter 3 Polynomial Interpolation 37 3.1. Introduction 37 3.2. Interpolation problems 37 3.2.1. Linear interpolation 38 3.3. Polynomial interpolation techniques 38 3.4. Interpolation with the Lagrange basis 39 3.4.1. Polynomial interpolation error 43 3.4.2. Neville–Aitken method 46 3.5. Interpolation with the Newton basis 46 3.6. Interpolation using spline functions 48 3.6.1. Hermite interpolation 50 3.6.2. Spline interpolation error 55 3.7 Using Matlab 58 3.7.1. Operations on polynomials 58 3.7.2. Manipulating polynomials 59 3.7.3. Evaluation of polynomials 60 3.7.4. Linear and nonlinear interpolation 60 3.7.5. Lagrange function 63 3.7.6. Newton function 64 Chapter 4 Numerical Differentiation 67 4.1. First-order numerical derivatives and the truncation error 67 4.2. Higher-order numerical derivatives 70 4.3. Numerical derivatives and interpolation 71 4.4. Studying the differentiation error 73 4.5. Richardson extrapolation 77 4.6. Application to the heat equation 78 4.7 Using Matlab 81 Chapter 5 Numerical Integration 83 5.1. Introduction 83 5.2. Rectangle method 84 5.3. Trapezoidal rule 84 5.4. Simpson’s rule 87 5.5. Hermite’s rule 90 5.6. Newton–Côtes rules 91 5.7. Gauss–Legendre method 92 5.7.1. Problem statement 92 5.7.2. Legendre polynomials 94 5.7.3 Choosing the αi and xi (i = 0, . . . , n) 99 5.8 Using Matlab 100 5.8.1. Matlab functions for numerical integration 100 5.8.2. Trapezoidal rule 101 5.8.3. Simpson’s rule 103 Part 3 Solving Linear Systems 107 Chapter 6 Matrix Norm and Conditioning 109 6.1. Introduction 109 6.2. Matrix norm 109 6.3. Condition number of a matrix 113 6.3.1 Approximation of K(A) 116 6.4. Preconditioning 116 6.5 Using Matlab 117 6.5.1. Matrices and vectors 117 6.5.2. Condition number of a matrix 119 Chapter 7 Direct Methods 123 7.1. Introduction 123 7.2. Method of determinants or Cramer’s method 123 7.2.1. Matrix inversion by Cramer’s method 124 7.3. Systems with upper triangular matrices 124 7.4. Gaussian method 125 7.4.1. Solving multiple systems in parallel 129 7.5. Gauss–Jordan method 129 7.5.1. Underlying principle 129 7.5.2. Computing the inverse of a matrix with the Gauss–Jordan algorithm 131 7.6. LU decomposition 132 7.7. Thomas algorithm 133 7.8. Cholesky decomposition 134 7.9 Using Matlab 136 7.9.1. Matrix operations 136 7.9.2. Systems of linear equations 138 Chapter 8 Iterative Methods 147 8.1. Introduction 147 8.2. Classical iterative techniques 148 8.2.1. Jacobi method 149 8.2.2. Gauss–Seidel method 151 8.2.3. Relaxation method 152 8.2.4. Block forms of the Jacobi, Gauss–Seidel and relaxation methods 154 8.3. Convergence of iterative methods 155 8.4. Conjugate gradient method 157 8.5 Using Matlab 159 8.5.1. Jacobi method 159 8.5.2. Relaxation method 160 Chapter 9 Numerical Methods for Computing Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 163 9.1. Introduction 163 9.2. Computing det (A − λI) directly 164 9.3. Krylov methods 166 9.4. LeVerrier method 167 9.5. Jacobi method 168 9.6. Power iteration method 171 9.6.1. Deflation algorithm 172 9.7. Inverse power method 173 9.8. Givens–Householder method 174 9.8.1. Givens algorithm 175 9.9 Using Matlab 176 9.9.1. Application to a buckling beam 177 Chapter 10 Least-squares Approximation 185 10.1. Introduction 185 10.2. Analytic formulation 185 10.3. Algebraic formulation 191 10.3.1. Standard results on orthogonality 191 10.3.2. Least-squares problem 191 10.3.3. Solving by orthogonalization 192 10.4. Numerically solving linear equations by QR factorization 193 10.4.1. Householder transformations 193 10.4.2. QR factorization 193 10.4.3. Application to the least-squares problem 193 10.5. Applications 194 10.5.1. Curve fitting 194 10.5.2. Approximations of derivatives 195 10.6 Using Matlab 195 Part 4 Appendices 199 Appendix 1 Introduction to Matlab 201 Appendix 2 Introduction to Optimization 209 Bibliography 215 Index 217

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Book SynopsisThe purpose of this book is to introduce and study numerical methods basic and advanced ones for scientific computing. This last refers to the implementation of appropriate approaches to the treatment of a scientific problem arising from physics (meteorology, pollution, etc.) or of engineering (mechanics of structures, mechanics of fluids, treatment signal, etc.). Each chapter of this book recalls the essence of the different methods resolution and presents several applications in the field of engineering as well as programs developed under Matlab software.Table of ContentsPreface ix Part 1. Solving Equations 1 Chapter 1. Solving Nonlinear Equations 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Separating the roots 3 1.3 Approximating a separated root 4 1.3.1 Bisection method (or dichotomy method) 4 1.3.2 Fixed-point method 6 1.3.3 First convergence criterion 7 1.3.4 Iterative stopping criteria.8 1.3.5 Second convergence criterion (local criterion) 9 1.3.6 Newton’s method (or the method of tangents) 10 1.3.7 Secant method 12 1.3.8 Regula falsi method (or false position method) 17 1.4 Order of an iterative process.19 1.5 Using Matlab 19 1.5.1 Finding the roots of polynomials 19 1.5.2 Bisection method 21 1.5.3 Newton’s method 22 Chapter 2. Numerically Solving Differential Equations 25 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 Cauchy problem and discretization 27 2.3 Euler’s method 30 2.3.1 Interpretation 30 2.3.2 Convergence 30 2.4 One-step Runge–Kutta method 31 2.4.1 Second-order Runge–Kutta method 32 2.4.2 Fourth-order Runge–Kutta method 33 2.5 Multi-step Adams methods 36 2.5.1 Open Adams methods 36 2.5.2 Closed Adams formulas 39 2.6 Predictor–Corrector method.41 2.7 Using Matlab 43 Part 2. Solving PDEs 47 Chapter 3. Finite Difference Methods 49 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Presentation of the finite difference method 51 3.2.1 Convergence, consistency and stability 53 3.2.2 Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy condition 56 3.2.3 Von Neumann stability analysis 57 3.3 Hyperbolic equations 58 3.3.1 Key results 59 3.3.2 Numerical schemes for solving the transport equation 63 3.3.3 Wave equation 66 3.3.4 Burgers equation 68 3.4 Elliptic equations 72 3.4.1 Poisson equation 72 3.5 Parabolic equations 74 3.5.1 Heat equation 74 3.6 Using Matlab 76 Chapter 4. Finite Element Method 83 4.1 Introduction 83 4.2 One-dimensional finite element methods 83 4.3 Two-dimensional finite element methods 88 4.4 General procedure of the method 93 4.5 Finite element method for computing elastic structures 93 4.5.1 Linear elasticity 93 4.5.2 Variational formulation of the linear elasticity problem 97 4.5.3 Planar linear elasticity problems 99 4.5.4 Applying the finite element method to planar problems 101 4.5.5 Axisymmetric problems.105 4.5.6 Three-dimensional problems 107 4.6 Using Matlab 107 4.6.1 Solving Poisson’s equation 108 4.6.2 Solving the heat equation.111 4.6.3 Computing structures 112 Chapter 5. Finite Volume Methods 117 5.1 Introduction 117 5.2 Finite volume method (FVM) 118 5.2.1 Conservation properties of the method 118 5.2.2 The stages of the method.119 5.2.3 Convergence 120 5.2.4 Consistency 120 5.2.5 Stability 120 5.3 Advection schemes 121 5.3.1 Two-dimensional FVM. 126 5.3.2 Convection-diffusion equation 129 5.3.3 Central differencing scheme 131 5.3.4 Upwind (decentered) scheme 133 5.3.5 Hybrid scheme 136 5.3.6 Power-law scheme 136 5.3.7 QUICK scheme 137 5.3.8 Higher-order schemes 139 5.3.9 Unsteady one-dimensional convection-diffusion Equation 140 5.3.10 Explicit scheme 142 5.3.11 Crank–Nicolson scheme.142 5.3.12 Implicit scheme 143 5.4 Using Matlab 144 Chapter 6. Meshless Methods. 147 6.1 Introduction 147 6.2 Limitations of the FEM and motivation of meshless methods 148 6.3 Examples of meshless methods148 6.3.1 Advantages of meshless methods 149 6.3.2 Disadvantages of meshless methods150 6.3.3 Comparison of the finite element method and meshless methods 151 6.4 Basis of meshless methods 151 6.4.1 Approximations 151 6.4.2 Kernel (weight) functions.152 6.4.3 Completeness 152 6.4.4 Partition of unity 152 6.5 Meshless method (EFG) 153 6.5.1 Theory 153 6.5.2 Moving Least-Squares Approximation 153 6.6 Application of the meshless method to elasticity 163 6.6.1 Formulation of static linear elasticity 163 6.6.2 Imposing essential boundary conditions 165 6.7 Numerical examples 170 6.7.1 Fixed-free beam 170 6.7.2 Compressed block 171 6.8 Using Matlab 173 Part 3. Appendices 179 Appendix 1181 Appendix 2189 Bibliography 195 Index 199

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Book SynopsisElectromagnetic wave scattering from randomly rough surfaces in the presence of scatterers is an active, interdisciplinary area of research with myriad practical applications in fields such as optics, acoustics, geoscience and remote sensing. In this book, the Method of Moments (MoM) is applied to compute the field scattered by scatterers such as canonical objects (cylinder or plate) or a randomly rough surface, and also by an object above or below a random rough surface. Since the problem is considered to be 2D, the integral equations (IEs) are scalar and only the TE (transverse electric) and TM (transverse magnetic) polarizations are addressed (no cross-polarizations occur). In Chapter 1, the MoM is applied to convert the IEs into a linear system, while Chapter 2 compares the MoM with the exact solution of the field scattered by a cylinder in free space, and with the Physical Optics (PO) approximation for the scattering from a plate in free space. Chapter 3 presents numerical results, obtained from the MoM, of the coherent and incoherent intensities scattered by a random rough surface and an object below a random rough surface. The final chapter presents the same results as in Chapter 3, but for an object above a random rough surface. In these last two chapters, the coupling between the two scatterers is also studied in detail by inverting the impedance matrix by blocks. Contents 1. Integral Equations for a Single Scatterer: Method of Moments and Rough Surfaces. 2. Validation of the Method of Moments for a Single Scatterer. 3. Scattering from Two Illuminated Scatterers. 4. Scattering from Two Scatterers Where Only One is Illuminated. Appendix. Matlab Codes. About the Authors Christophe Bourlier works at the IETR (Institut d’Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes) laboratory at Polytech Nantes (University of Nantes, France) as well as being a Researcher at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) on electromagnetic wave scattering from rough surfaces and objects for remote sensing applications and radar signatures. He is the author of more than 160 journal articles and conference papers. Nicolas Pinel is currently working as a Research Engineer at the IETR laboratory at Polytech Nantes and is about to join Alyotech Technologies in Rennes, France. His research interests are in the areas of radar and optical remote sensing, scattering and propagation. In particular, he works on asymptotic methods of electromagnetic wave scattering from random rough surfaces and layers. Gildas Kubické is in charge of the “Expertise in electroMagnetism and Computation” (EMC) laboratory at the DGA (Direction Générale de l’Armement), French Ministry of Defense, where he works in the field of radar signatures and electromagnetic stealth. His research interests include electromagnetic scattering and radar cross-section modeling.Table of ContentsPREFACE ix INTRODUCTION xi CHAPTER 1. INTEGRAL EQUATIONS FOR A SINGLE SCATTERER: METHOD OF MOMENTS AND ROUGH SURFACES 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Integral equations 2 1.3. Method of moments with point-matching method 12 1.4. Application to a surface 14 1.5. Forward–Backward (FB) method 19 1.6. Random rough surface generation 21 CHAPTER 2. VALIDATION OF THE METHOD OF MOMENTS FOR A SINGLE SCATTERER 31 2.1. Introduction 31 2.2. Solutions of a scattering problem 31 2.3. Comparison with the exact solution of a circular cylinder in free space 34 2.4. PO approximation 55 2.5. FB method 69 2.6. Conclusion 71 CHAPTER 3. SCATTERING FROM TWO ILLUMINATED SCATTERERS 73 3.1. Introduction 73 3.2. Integral equations and method of moments 75 3.3. Efficient inversion of the impedance matrix: E-PILE method for two scatterers 86 3.4. E-PILE method combined with PO and FB 94 3.5. Conclusion 107 CHAPTER 4. SCATTERING FROM TWO SCATTERERS WHERE ONLY ONE IS ILLUMINATED 109 4.1. Introduction 109 4.2. Integral equations and method of moments 110 4.3. Efficient inversion of the impedance matrix: PILE method 122 4.4. PILE method combined with FB or PO 128 4.5. Conclusion 138 APPENDIX MATLAB CODES 139 BIBLIOGRAPHY 141 INDEX 147

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Book SynopsisAdvanced Graph Theory focuses on some of the main notions arising in graph theory with an emphasis from the very start of the book on the possible applications of the theory and the fruitful links existing with linear algebra. The second part of the book covers basic material related to linear recurrence relations with application to counting and the asymptotic estimate of the rate of growth of a sequence satisfying a recurrence relation.Table of ContentsForeword ix Introduction xi Chapter 1. A First Encounter with Graphs 1 1.1. A few definitions 1 1.1.1. Directed graphs 1 1.1.2. Unoriented graphs 9 1.2. Paths and connected components 14 1.2.1. Connected components 16 1.2.2. Stronger notions of connectivity 18 1.3. Eulerian graphs 23 1.4. Defining Hamiltonian graphs 25 1.5. Distance and shortest path 27 1.6. A few applications 30 1.7. Comments 35 1.8. Exercises 37 Chapter 2. A Glimpse at Complexity Theory 43 2.1. Some complexity classes 43 2.2. Polynomial reductions 46 2.3. More hard problems in graph theory 49 Chapter 3. Hamiltonian Graphs 53 3.1. A necessary condition 53 3.2. A theorem of Dirac 55 3.3. A theorem of Ore and the closure of a graph 56 3.4. Chvátal’s condition on degrees 59 3.5. Partition of Kn into Hamiltonian circuits 62 3.6. De Bruijn graphs and magic tricks 65 3.7. Exercises 68 Chapter 4. Topological Sort and Graph Traversals 69 4.1. Trees 69 4.2. Acyclic graphs 79 4.3. Exercises 82 Chapter 5. Building New Graphs from Old Ones 85 5.1. Some natural transformations 85 5.2. Products 90 5.3. Quotients 92 5.4. Counting spanning trees 93 5.5. Unraveling 94 5.6. Exercises 96 Chapter 6. Planar Graphs 99 6.1. Formal definitions 99 6.2. Euler’s formula 104 6.3. Steinitz’ theorem 109 6.4. About the four-color theorem 113 6.5. The five-color theorem 115 6.6. From Kuratowski’s theorem to minors 120 6.7. Exercises 123 Chapter 7. Colorings 127 7.1. Homomorphisms of graphs 127 7.2. A digression: isomorphisms and labeled vertices 131 7.3. Link with colorings 134 7.4. Chromatic number and chromatic polynomial 136 7.5. Ramsey numbers 140 7.6. Exercises 147 Chapter 8. Algebraic Graph Theory 151 8.1. Prerequisites 151 8.2. Adjacency matrix 154 8.3. Playing with linear recurrences 160 8.4. Interpretation of the coefficients 168 8.5. A theorem of Hoffman 169 8.6. Counting directed spanning trees 172 8.7. Comments 177 8.8. Exercises 178 Chapter 9. Perron–Frobenius Theory 183 9.1. Primitive graphs and Perron’s theorem 183 9.2. Irreducible graphs 188 9.3. Applications 190 9.4. Asymptotic properties 195 9.4.1. Canonical form 196 9.4.2. Graphs with primitive components 197 9.4.3. Structure of connected graphs 206 9.4.4. Period and the Perron–Frobenius theorem 214 9.4.5. Concluding examples 218 9.5. The case of polynomial growth 224 9.6. Exercises 231 Chapter 10. Google’s Page Rank 233 10.1. Defining the Google matrix 238 10.2. Harvesting the primitivity of the Google matrix 241 10.3. Computation 246 10.4. Probabilistic interpretation 246 10.5. Dependence on the parameter α 247 10.6. Comments 248 Bibliography 249 Index 263

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Book SynopsisThis book gives new insight on plate models in the linear elasticity framework tacking into account heterogeneities and thickness effects. It is targeted to graduate students how want to discover plate models but deals also with latest developments on higher order models. Plates models are both an ancient matter and a still active field of research. First attempts date back to the beginning of the 19th century with Sophie Germain. Very efficient models have been suggested for homogeneous and isotropic plates by Love (1888) for thin plates and Reissner (1945) for thick plates. However, the extension of such models to more general situations --such as laminated plates with highly anisotropic layers-- and periodic plates --such as honeycomb sandwich panels-- raised a number of difficulties. An extremely wide literature is accessible on these questions, from very simplistic approaches, which are very limited, to extremely elaborated mathematical theories, which might refrain the beginner. Starting from continuum mechanics concepts, this book introduces plate models of progressive complexity and tackles rigorously the influence of the thickness of the plate and of the heterogeneity. It provides also latest research results. The major part of the book deals with a new theory which is the extension to general situations of the well established Reissner-Mindlin theory. These results are completely new and give a new insight to some aspects of plate theories which were controversial till recently.Table of ContentsIntroduction xi Chapter 1. Linear Elasticity 1 1.1. Notations 1 1.2. Stress 3 1.3. Linearized strains 6 1.4. Small perturbations 8 1.5. Linear elasticity 8 1.6. Boundary value problem in linear elasticity 10 1.7. Variational formulations. 11 1.7.1. Compatible strains and stresses 11 1.7.2. Principle of minimum of potential energy 13 1.7.3. Principle of minimum of complementary energy 14 1.7.4. Two-energy principle 15 1.8. Anisotropy 15 1.8.1. Voigt notations 15 1.8.2. Material symmetries 17 1.8.3. Orthotropy 20 1.8.4. Transverse isotropy 22 1.8.5. Isotropy 23 Part 1. Thin Laminated Plates 27 Chapter 2. A Static Approach for Deriving the Kirchhoff–Love Model for Thin Homogeneous Plates 29 2.1. The 3D problem 29 2.2. Thin plate subjected to in-plane loading 32 2.2.1. The plane-stress 2D elasticity problem 33 2.2.2. Application of the two-energy principle 34 2.2.3. In-plane surfacic forces on ∂Ω ± 336 2.2.4. Dirichlet conditions on the lateral boundary of the plate 38 2.3. Thin plate subjected to out-of-plane loading 40 2.3.1. The Kirchhoff–Love plate model 41 2.3.2. Application of the two-energy principle 47 Chapter 3. The Kirchhoff–Love Model for Thin Laminated Plates 53 3.1. The 3D problem 53 3.2. Deriving the Kirchhoff–Love plate model 55 3.2.1. The generalized plate stresses 55 3.2.2. Static variational formulation of the Kirchhoff–Love plate model 56 3.2.3. Direct formulation of the Kirchhoff–Love plate model 58 3.3. Application of the two-energy principle 59 Part 2. Thick Laminated Plates 65 Chapter 4. Thick Homogeneous Plate Subjected to Out-of-Plane Loading 67 4.1. The 3D problem 67 4.2. The Reissner–Mindlin plate model. 69 4.2.1. The 3D stress distribution in the Kirchhoff–Love plate model 69 4.2.2. Formulation of the Reissner–Mindlin plate model 71 4.2.3. Characterization of the Reissner–Mindlin stress solution 72 4.2.4. The Reissner–Mindlin kinematics 73 4.2.5. Derivation of the direct formulation of the Reissner–Mindlin plate model 74 4.2.6. The relations between generalized plate displacements and 3D displacements 76 Chapter 5. Thick Symmetric Laminated Plate Subjected to Out-of-Plane Loading 81 5.1. Notations 81 5.2. The 3D problem 82 5.3. The generalized Reissner plate model 85 5.3.1. The 3D stress distribution in the Kirchhoff–Love plate model 85 5.3.2. Formulation of the generalized Reissner plate model 90 5.3.3. The subspaces of generalized stresses 91 5.3.4. The generalized Reissner equilibrium equations 95 5.3.5. Characterization of the generalized Reissner stress solution 97 5.3.6. The generalized Reissner kinematics 98 5.3.7. Derivation of the direct formulation of the generalized Reissner plate model 100 5.3.8. The relationships between generalized plate displacements and 3D displacements 102 5.4. Derivation of the Bending-Gradient plate model 106 5.5. The case of isotropic homogeneous plates 109 5.6. Bending-Gradient or Reissner–Mindlin plate model? 111 5.6.1. When does the Bending-Gradient model degenerate into the Reissner–Mindlin’s model? 112 5.6.2. The shear compliance projection of the Bending-Gradient model onto the Reissner–Mindlin model 113 5.6.3. The shear stiffness projection of the Bending-Gradient model onto the Reissner–Mindlin model 115 5.6.4. The cylindrical bending projection of the Bending-Gradient model onto the Reissner–Mindlin model 116 Chapter 6. The Bending-Gradient Theory 117 6.1. The 3D problem 117 6.2. The Bending-Gradient problem 119 6.2.1. Generalized stresses 119 6.2.2. Equilibrium equations 121 6.2.3. Generalized displacements 122 6.2.4. Constitutive equations 122 6.2.5. Summary of the Bending-Gradient plate model 123 6.2.6. Field localization 123 6.3. Variational formulations 125 6.3.1. Minimum of the potential energy 126 6.3.2. Minimum of the complementary energy 127 6.4. Boundary conditions 128 6.4.1. Free boundary condition 129 6.4.2. Simple support boundary condition 130 6.4.3. Clamped boundary condition 131 6.5. Voigt notations 131 6.5.1. In-plane variables and constitutive equations 131 6.5.2. Generalized shear variables and constitutive equations 132 6.5.3. Field localization 135 6.6. Symmetries 136 6.6.1. Transformation formulas 136 6.6.2. Orthotropy 139 6.6.3. π/2 invariance 140 6.6.4. Square symmetry 140 6.6.5. Isotropy 140 6.6.6. The remarkable case of functionally graded materials 142 Chapter 7. Application to Laminates 145 7.1. Laminated plate configuration 145 7.2. Localization fields 146 7.2.1. In-plane stress unit distributions (bending stress) 147 7.2.2. Transverse shear unit distributions (generalized shear stress) 148 7.3. Distance between the Reissner–Mindlin and the Bending-Gradient model 149 7.4. Cylindrical bending 150 7.4.1. Closed-form solution for the Bending-Gradient model 152 7.4.2. Comparison of field distributions 155 7.4.3. Empirical error estimates and convergence rate 160 7.4.4. Influence of the bending direction 161 7.5. Conclusion 163 Part 3 Periodic Plates 167 Chapter 8. Thin Periodic Plates 169 8.1. The 3D problem 169 8.2. The homogenized plate problem 173 8.3. Determination of the homogenized plate elastic stiffness tensors 174 8.4. A first justification: the asymptotic effective elastic properties of periodic plates 181 8.5. Effect of symmetries 184 8.5.1. Symmetric periodic plate 185 8.5.2. Material symmetry of the homogenized plate 186 8.5.3. Important special cases 187 8.5.4. Rectangular parallelepipedic unit cell 189 8.6. Second justification: the asymptotic expansion method 194 Chapter 9. Thick Periodic Plates 205 9.1. The 3D problem 206 9.2. The asymptotic solution 208 9.3. The Bending-Gradient homogenization scheme 209 9.3.1. Motivation and descrition of the approach 210 9.3.2. Introduction of corrective terms to the asymptotic solution 210 9.3.3. Identification of the localization tensors 212 9.3.4. Identification of the Bending-Gradient compliance tensor 214 Chapter 10. Application to Cellular Sandwich Panels 219 10.1. Introduction 219 10.2. Questions raised by sandwich panel shear force stiffness 220 10.2.1. The case of homogeneous cores 221 10.2.2. The case of cellular cores 223 10.3. The membrane and bending behavior of sandwich panels 225 10.3.1. The case of homogeneous cores 225 10.3.2. The case of cellular cores 226 10.4. The transverse shear behavior of sandwich panels 229 10.4.1. The case of homogeneous cores 229 10.4.2. A direct homogenization scheme for cellular sandwich panel shear force stiffness 230 10.4.3. Discussion 232 10.5. Application to a sandwich panel including Miura-ori 235 10.5.1. Folded cores 236 10.5.2. Description of the sandwich panel including the folded core 237 10.5.3. Symmetries of Miura-ori 238 10.5.4. Implementation 239 10.5.5. Results 241 10.5.6. Discussion on shear force stiffness 250 10.5.7. Consequence of skins distortion 255 10.6. Conclusion 257 Chapter 11. Application to Space Frames 259 11.1. Introduction 259 11.2. Homogenization of a periodic space frame as a thick plate 261 11.2.1. Homogenization scheme 261 11.3. Homogenization of a square lattice as a Bending-Gradient plate 268 11.3.1. The unit-cell 268 11.3.2. Kirchhoff–Love auxiliary problem 269 11.3.3. Bending-Gradient and Reissner–Mindlin auxiliary problems 270 11.3.4. Difference between Reissner–Mindlin and Bending-Gradient constitutive equation 273 11.4. Cylindrical bending of a square beam lattice 274 11.4.1. Lattice at 0° 274 11.4.2. Lattice at 45° 276 11.5. Discussion 282 11.6. Conclusion 283 Bibliography 285 Index 293

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Book SynopsisThis book presents real-world examples of formal techniques in an industrial context. It covers formal methods such as SCADE and/or the B Method, in various fields such as railways, aeronautics, and the automotive industry. The purpose of this book is to present a summary of experience on the use of “formal methods” (based on formal techniques such as proof, abstract interpretation and model-checking) in industrial examples of complex systems, based on the experience of people currently involved in the creation and assessment of safety critical system software. The involvement of people from within the industry allows the authors to avoid the usual confidentiality problems which can arise and thus enables them to supply new useful information (photos, architecture plans, real examples, etc.).Table of Contents1. Presentation of the B Method, Jean-Louis Boulanger. 2. Atelier B, Thierry Lecomte. 3. B Tools, Jean-Louis Boulanger. 4. The B Method at Siemens, Daniel Dolle. 5. Industrial Applications for Modeling with the B Method, Thierry Lecomte. 6. Formalization of Digital Circuits Using the B Method, Jean-Louis Boulanger. 7. Pragmatic Use of B: The Power of Formal Methods without the Bulk, Christophe Metayer, François Bustany, Mathieu Clabaut. 8. BRILLANT/BCaml—AFreeTools Platform for the B Method, Samuel Colin, Dorian Petit. 9. Translating B and Event-B Machines to Java and JML, Néstor Catano, Víctor Rivera, Camilo Rueday and Tim Wahlsz. 10. Event B, Dominique Méry, Neeraj Kumar Singh. 11. B-RAIL: UML to B Transformation in Modeling a Level Crossing, Jean-Louis Boulanger. 12. Feasibility of the Use of Formal Methods for Manufacturing Systems, Pascal Lamy, Philippe Charpentier, Jean-François Petinand Dominique Evrot. 13. B Extended to Floating-Point Numbers: Is It Sufficient for Proving Avionics Software?, Jean-Louis Dufour. 14. From Animation to Data Validation: The ProB Constraint Solver 10 Years On, Michael Leuschel, Jens Bendisposto,Ivo Dobrikov, Sebastian Krings, Daniel Plagge. 15. Unified Train Driving Policy, Alexei Iliasov,Ilya Lopatkin, Alexander Romanovsky.

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Book SynopsisThis volume contains contributions from speakers at the 4th International Symposium on Finite Volumes for Complex Applications, held in Marrakech, Morocco, in July 2005. The subject of these papers ranges from theoretical and numerical results to physical applications. Topics covered include: Theoretical and numerical results • theoretical foundation • convergence • new finite volume schemes • adaptivity • higher order discretization and parallelization Physical applications • multiphase flow and flows through porous media • turbulent flows • shallow water problems • stiff source terms • cryogenic applications • medical and biological applications • image processing Papers on Industrial codes, as well as interdisciplinary approaches are also included in these proceedings.Table of ContentsTheoretical and numerical results; theoretical foundation; convergence; new finite volume schemes; adaptivity; higher order discretization and parallelization; Physical applications; multiphase flow and flows through porous media; turbulent flows; shallow water problems; stiff source terms; cryogenic applications; medical and biological applications; image processing; Papers on Industrial codes, as well as interdisciplinary approaches are also included in these proceedings.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the tools for analyzing data in Python: different types of filters are introduced and explained, such as FIR-, IIR- and morphological filters, as well as their application to one- and two-dimensional data. The required mathematics are kept to a minimum, and numerous examples and working Python programs are included for a quick start. The goal of the book is to enable also novice users to choose appropriate methods and to complete real-world tasks such as differentiation, integration, and smoothing of time series, or simple edge detection in images. An introductory section provides help and tips for getting Python installed and configured on your computer. More advanced chapters provide a practical introduction to the Fourier transform and its applications such as sound processing, as well as to the solution of equations of motion with the Laplace transform. A brief excursion into machine learning shows the powerful tools that are available with Python. This book also provides tips for an efficient programming work flow: from the use of a debugger for finding mistakes, code-versioning with git to avoid the loss of working programs, to the construction of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for the visualization of data. Working, well-documented Python solutions are included for all exercises, and IPython/Jupyter notebooks provide additional help to get people started and outlooks for the interested reader.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Python.- Data Input.- Data Display.- Data Filtering.- Event- and Feature-Finding.- Statistics.- Parameter Fitting.- Spectral Signal Analysis.- Solving Equations of Motion.- Machine Learning.- Useful Programming Tools.

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Book SynopsisThe book originates from the mini-symposium "Mathematical descriptions of traffic flow: micro, macro and kinetic models" organised by the editors within the ICIAM 2019 Congress held in Valencia, Spain, in July 2019. The book is composed of five chapters, which address new research lines in the mathematical modelling of vehicular traffic, at the cutting edge of contemporary research, including traffic automation by means of autonomous vehicles. The contributions span the three most representative scales of mathematical modelling: the microscopic scale of particles, the mesoscopic scale of statistical kinetic description and the macroscopic scale of partial differential equations.The work is addressed to researchers in the field.Table of ContentsM. Herty et al., Reconstruction of traffic speed distributions from kinetic models with uncertainties.- M. Herty et al., From kinetic to macroscopic models and back.- R. Ramadan et al., Structural Properties of the Stability of Jamitons.- C. Balzotti and E. Iacomini, Stop-and-go waves: A Microscopic and a Macroscopic Description.- F. A. Chiarello, An overview of non-local traffic flow models.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook introduces the concepts and tools that biomedical and chemical engineering students need to know in order to translate engineering problems into a numerical representation using scientific fundamentals. Modeling concepts focus on problems that are directly related to biomedical and chemical engineering. A variety of computational tools are presented, including MATLAB, Excel, Mathcad, and COMSOL, and a brief introduction to each tool is accompanied by multiple computer lab experiences. The numerical methods covered are basic linear algebra and basic statistics, and traditional methods like Newton’s method, Euler Integration, and trapezoidal integration. The book presents the reader with numerous examples and worked problems, and practice problems are included at the end of each chapter.Table of ContentsList of Examples.- List of Definitions.- Foreword.- Modern Engineering.- Mathematical Fundamentals .- Engineering Modeling.- Computational Problem Solving.- Introduction to MATLAB.- Linear Algebra.- Solving Problems Numerically.- Spreadsheets.- Basic Statistics and Probability.- Linearity.- Forces.- Classes of Numerical Problems.- Introduction to COMSOL.- Tips on Presenting Your Work.- Technical Writing Suggestions.- Lecture Notes.

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Book SynopsisThis book lists current and potential biomedical uses of computational intelligence methods. These methods are used in diagnostics and treatment of such diseases as cancer, cardiac diseases, pneumonia, stroke, and COVID-19. Many biomedical problems are difficult; so, often, the current methods are not sufficient, new methods need to be developed. To confidently apply the new methods to critical life-and-death medical situations, it is important to first test these methods on less critical applications. The book describes several such promising new methods that have been tested on problems from agriculture, computer networks, economics and business, pavement engineering, politics, quantum computing, robotics, etc. This book helps practitioners and researchers to learn more about computational intelligence methods and their biomedical applications—and to further develop this important research direction.Table of ContentsPart I: Biomedical Applications of Computational Intelligence Techniques.- Bilattice CADIAG-II: Theory and Experimental Results.- A Combination Model of Robust Principal Component Analysis and Multiple Kernel Learning for Cancer Patient Stratification.- Attention U-Net with Active Contour based Hybrid Loss for Brain Tumor Segmentation.- Refining Skip Connections by Fusing Multi-scaled Context in Neural Network for Cardiac MR Image Segmentation.- End-to-end Hand Rehabilitation System with Single-shot Gesture Classification for Stroke Patients.- Feature Selection based on Shapley Additive Explanations on Metagenomic Data for Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis.- Clinical Decision Support Systems for Pneumonia Diagnosis using Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping and Convolutional Neural Networks.- Improving 3D Hand Pose Estimation with Synthetic RGB Image Enhancement using RetinexNet and Dehazing.- Imbalance in Learning Chest X-ray Images for COVID-19 Detection.- Deep Learning based COVID-19 Diagnosis by Joint Classification and Segmentation.- Part II: General Computational Intelligence Techniques and Their Applications.- Why It Is Sufficient to Have Real-Valued Amplitudes in Quantum Computing.

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Book SynopsisThis book contains several contemporary topics in the areas of mathematical modelling and computation for complex systems. The readers find several new mathematical methods, mathematical models and computational techniques having significant relevance in studying various complex systems. The chapters aim to enrich the understanding of topics presented by carefully discussing the associated problems and issues, possible solutions and their applications or relevance in other scientific areas of study and research. The book is a valuable resource for graduate students, researchers and educators in understanding and studying various new aspects associated with complex systems. Key Feature • The chapters include theory and application in a mix and balanced way. • Readers find reasonable details of developments concerning a topic included in this book. • The text is emphasized to present in self-contained manner with inclusion of new research problems and questions.Table of ContentsOn the diffusion with decaying time dependent diffusivity: Formulations and approximate solutions pertinent to diffusion in concretes.- Laminar convection of power-law fluids in differentially heated closed region: CFD analysis.- Mathematical perspective of Hodgkin-Huxley model and bifurcation analysis.

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Book SynopsisThis volume is part of collection of contributions devoted to analytical and experimental techniques of dynamical systems, presented at the 15th International Conference “Dynamical Systems: Theory and Applications”, held in Łódź, Poland on December 2-5, 2019. The wide selection of material has been divided into three volumes, each focusing on a different field of applications of dynamical systems.The broadly outlined focus of both the conference and these books includes bifurcations and chaos in dynamical systems, asymptotic methods in nonlinear dynamics, dynamics in life sciences and bioengineering, original numerical methods of vibration analysis, control in dynamical systems, optimization problems in applied sciences, stability of dynamical systems, experimental and industrial studies, vibrations of lumped and continuous systems, non-smooth systems, engineering systems and differential equations, mathematical approaches to dynamical systems, and mechatronics.Table of ContentsNonlinear modelling and control of self-balancing human transporter (Makkar).- Nonlinear tourist flows in Barcelona (Trullols).- Convergence of dual infinity series (Klimenda).- Full spectrum analysis for studying the backward whirl in accelerated rotor systems (Alshudeifat).- Switched Reluctance Motor dynamic eccentricity modelling (Lorencki).- Harmonic transfer path analysis of a wine refrigerator (Hörtnagel).- Risk related prediction for recurrent stroke and post-stroke epilepsy using Fractional Fourier Transform analysis of EEG signals (Dulf).- Chaos, bifurcations and strange attractors in environmental radioactivity dynamics of some geosystems (Ternovsky).- Dynamics of chains as a tool to study thermomechanical properties of proteins (Weber).- Evaluation of the crane’s actuators strength based on the results obtained from dynamics model (Urbaś).- Nonlinear dynamics of atomic and molecular systems in an electromagnetic field: Deterministic chaos and strange attractors (Glushkov).- Deterministic chaos, bifurcations and strange attractors in nonlinear dynamics of relativistic backward-wave tube (Ternovsky).- Detection of chaotic behavior of the dynamical system using methods of deformable active contours (Ruchkin).- Dynamics of sensing element of micro- and nanoelectromechanical sensors as anisotropic size-dependent plate (Barulina).- Dynamic analysis and damage of composite layered plates reinforced by unidirectional fibers subjected low velocity impact (Soukup).- Identification of nonlinear joint interface parameters using instantaneous power flow balance approach (Rajan).- Numerical procedure for sensitivity analysis of hybrid systems (Pytlak).- Asymptotic stability of fractional variable order discrete-time equations with terms of convolution operators (Mozyrska).- Dynamics of circular plates under selected heat loadings (Doneva).- A Rulkov neuronal model with Caputo fractional variable-order differences of convolution type (Mozyrska).- Electrostatically actuated initially curved micro beams: analytical and finite element modelling (Mozhgova).- Numerical and analytical investigation of chatter suppression by parametric excitation (Dohnal).- Nonlinear study of a pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) under superharmonic resonance condition using method of multiple scales (Kalita).- Two-mode long-wave low-frequency approximations for anti-plane shear deformation of a high-contrast asymmetric laminate (Kaplunov).- A study on the coefficient of restitution effect on single-sided vibro-impact nonlinear energy sink (Saeed).

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Book SynopsisThis book, following the three published volumes of the book, provides the main purpose to collect research papers and review papers to provide an overview of the main issues, results, and open questions in the cutting-edge research on the fields of modeling, optimization, and dynamics and their applications to biology, economy, energy, industry, physics, psychology and finance. Assuming the scientific relevance of the presenting innovative applications as well as merging issues in these areas, the purpose of this book is to collect papers of the world experts in mathematics, economics, and other applied sciences that is seminal to the future research developments. The majority of the papers presented in this book is authored by the participants in The Joint Meeting 6th International Conference on Dynamics, Games, and Science – DGSVI – JOLATE and in the 21st ICABR Conference. The scientific scope of the conferences is focused on the fields of modeling, optimization, and dynamics and their applications to biology, economy, energy, industry, physics, psychology, and finance. Assuming the scientific relevance of the presenting innovative applications as well as merging issues in these areas, the purpose of the conference is to bring together some of the world experts in mathematics, economics, and other applied sciences that reinforce ongoing projects and establish future works and collaborations.Table of ContentsA. Afsar, F. Martins, Bruno M. P. M. Oliveira, and A. A. Pinto, Immune response model fitting to CD4+ T cell data in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus LCMV infection.- U. Agyüz, V. Purutçuoglu, E. Purutçuoglu and Y. Ürün, Construction of a New Model to Investigate Breast Cancer Data.- I. Baltas, M. Szczepanski, L. Dopierala, K. Kolodziejczyk, G.-W. Weber and A. N. Yannacopoulos, Optimal Pension Fund Management Under Risk and Uncertainty: The Case Study of Poland.- M. Bujidos-Casado, J. Navío-Marco and B. Rodrigo-Moya, Collaborative Innovation of Spanish SMEs in the European context: A compared study.- G. G. de Castro, A. O. Lopes and G. Mantovani, Haar systems, KMS states on von Neumann algebras and C*-algebras on dynamically defined groupoids and Noncommutative Integration.- C. Çıtak, T. Aksu, Ö. Harputlu and Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber, Mixed Compression Air-Intake Design for High-Speed Transportation.- D. Czerkawski, J. Małecka, G. Wilhelm Weber and B. Kjamili, Social Entrepreneurship Business Models for Handicapped People - Polish & Turkish case study of sharing public goods by doing business.- H. H. Ferreira, A. O. Lopes and E. R. Oliveira, An iterative process for approximating subactions.- A. D. Garcia and M. A. Szybisz, "Beat the gun": The phenomenon of liquidity.- E. Gómez-Escalonilla and Laura Parte, Board Knowledge and Bank Risk-Taking. An International Analysis.- F. Jiménez-Delgado, M. Dolores Reina-Paz, Israel J ThuissardVasallo and David Sanz-Rosa, The shopping experience in virtual sales: A study of the influence of website atmosphere on purchase intention.- Kyung B. Kim and José M. Labeaga, European Mobile Phone Industry: Demand Estimation Using Discrete Random Coefficients Models.- A. O. Lopes and M. Sebastiani, On Bertelson-Gromov Dynamical Morse Entropy, Rogério Martins, Synchronisation of weakly coupled oscillators.- Z. Kamisli Ozturk, Y. Cetin, Y. Isik and Z. I. Erzurum Cicek, Demand Forecasting with Clustering and Artificial Neural Networks Methods: an Application for Stock Keeping Units.- O. Palanci, S.Z. Alparslan Gok and Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber, On the Grey Obligation Rules.- Juan Diego Paredes-Gázquez, Eva Pardo and José Miguel Rodríguez-Fernández, Robustness checks in composite indicators: A responsible approach.- Elena V. Ravve, Zeev Volkovich, Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber, A Logic-Based Approach to Incremental Reasoning on Multi-Agent Systems.

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Book SynopsisThis book comprises high-quality refereed research papers presented at the Fourth International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering and Education Applications (ICCSEEA2021), held in Kyiv, Ukraine, on January 23–24, 2021, organized jointly by the National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, National Aviation University, and the International Research Association of Modern Education and Computer Science. The topics discussed in the book include state-of-the-art papers in computer science, artificial intelligence, engineering techniques, genetic coding systems, deep learning with its medical applications, and knowledge representation with its applications in education. It is an excellent source of references for researchers, graduate students, engineers, management practitioners, and undergraduate students interested in computer science and their applications in engineering and education.Table of ContentsAutomatic Beam Aiming of the Laser Optical Reference System at the Center of Reflector to Improve the Accuracy and Reliability of Dynamic Positioning.- Decision Support System in Sprinkler Irrigation based on a Fractional Moisture Transport Model.- Automated Pipeline for Training Dataset Creation from Unlabeled Audios for Automatic Speech Recognition.- Estimation of Hurst index and Traffic Simulation.- Diagnosis of Rail Circuits by means of Fiber-optic Cable.- Complex Model for Personal Data Management of Online Project Users.- Nonparametric Change Point Detection Algorithms in the Monitoring Data.

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Book SynopsisThis book offers an overview of current and recent methods for the analysis of the nonstationary processes, focusing on cyclostationary systems that are ubiquitous in various application fields. Based on the 13th Workshop on Nonstationary Systems and Their Applications, held on February 3-5, 2020, in Grodek nad Dunajcem, Poland, the book merges theoretical contributions describing new statistical and intelligent methods for analyzing nonstationary processes, and applied works showing how the proposed methods can be implemented in practice and do perform in real-world case studies. A significant part of the book is dedicated to nonstationary systems applications, with a special emphasis on those in condition monitoring. Table of Contents.-

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Book SynopsisThis text provides a complete and thorough derivation of the mathematical theory of shell structures. Many books on shells only give the key equations or snippets of theory, skipping all of the mathematical steps required to solve for the key equations. This is understandable, because of the mathematical complexity of shell structures. Thus, the reader must just accept the design equations blindly, without achieving a complete understanding of shell theory. This book, therefore, fills this gap by providing a complete picture of shell theory. Class tested over three university post-graduate courses and one public course on shell structures, the book is mathematically intensive, but it written in an accessible style ideal for students of engineering mechanics in civil and mechanical engineers concentrations, as well as practicing structural engineers looking for a reference on shells.Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Construction Materials and Stress Flow 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The basic characteristics of stresses and strains 2.3 Economy of stresses 2.4 The flawed nature of construction materials 2.5 The flow of stress in flat and curved walls 2.6 The flow of stress around openings 2.7 Exercises Chapter 3 Cylindrical Shells 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The membrane theory of cylindrical shells 3.3 Displacement theory for membrane stresses 3.4 Boundary effects 3.5 Displacement theory for the boundary effects 3.6 Compatibility equations 3.7 Steps in solving for the deformations and stresses in the shell 3.8 Worked example 3.9 Exercises Chapter 4 Circular Domes 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The membrane theory of the circular dome 4.3 Displacement theory 4.4 Boundary effects 4.5 Displacement theory of the boundary effects 4.6 Compatibility equations 4.7 Steps in solving the deformations and stresses in the shell 4.8 Worked example 4.9 Exercises Chapter 5 Derivatives of Dome Theory: The Conoidal, Elliptical, Conical and Hyperbolic shells 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Conical shells 5.3 Elliptical dome 5.4 Conoidal dome 5.5 Hyperbolic shell 5.6 Example solutions and a comparison of the circular, concoidal, elliptical and conical domes 5.7 Exercises Chapter 6 The Circular Barrel Vault 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Membrane theory of the barrel vault 6.3 Deformation theory 6.4 Shallow shell theory to solve for the boundary effects 6.5 Edge beams 6.6 Steps in solving the deformations and stresses in the shell 6.7 Worked examples 6.8 Exercises Chapter 7 Catenary Arches and Domes 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The catenary arch 7.3 The funicular arch 7.4 Membrane theory of catenary domes 7.5 Worked examples 7.6 Exercises Appendix A and B

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a unique compendium of the authors´ own research on the use of theoretical stability analysis, showing how to take advantage of local stability design and ultimate boundedness for practical robot control. It addresses researchers and postgraduate students dealing with control theory, particularly with nonlinear systems. Thanks to the numerous worked examples, it could also be used as a textbook in postgraduate courses.Trade Review“The book is stimulating and addressed to a large spectrum of specialists (mechanical, electrical, control engineers and applied mathematicians working in rational mechanics, differential equations and control theory). It can be approached successfully by graduates and post-graduates of the aforementioned fields.” (Vladimir Răsvan, zbMATH 1489.93001, 2022)Table of ContentsA General Overview of Robot Manipulators.- Position, Orientation and Velocity of Rigid Robot Manipulators.- Dynamics of Rigid Robot Manipulators.- Mathematical Background.- Common Control Approaches for Robot Manipulators.

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Book SynopsisThis open access book contains review papers authored by thirteen plenary invited speakers to the 9th International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics (Valencia, July 15-19, 2019). Written by top-level scientists recognized worldwide, the scientific contributions cover a wide range of cutting-edge topics of industrial and applied mathematics: mathematical modeling, industrial and environmental mathematics, mathematical biology and medicine, reduced-order modeling and cryptography. The book also includes an introductory chapter summarizing the main features of the congress. This is the first volume of a thematic series dedicated to research results presented at ICIAM 2019-Valencia Congress.Table of Contents1 M. Berger, Asteroid-Generated Tsunamis: A Review.- 2 A. Bermúdez, Some Case Studies in Environmental and Industrial Mathematics.- 3 Z. Cai et al., Hyperbolic Model Reduction for Kinetic Equations.- 4 A. Cohen et al., State Estimation - The Role of Reduced Models.- 5 C. Conca, Modelling Our Sense Of Smell.- 6 L. Edelstein-Keshet, Pattern formation inside living cells.- 7 M. Garzon et al., Efficient Algorithms for Tracking Moving Interfaces.- 8 K. Lauter, Private AI: Machine Learning on Encrypted Data.- 9 C. Le Bris, Mathematical approaches for contemporary materials science: Addressing defects in the microstructure.- 10 H. Leng et al., An iterative thresholding method for topology optimization for the Navier-Stokes flow.- 11 K. Sako, Cryptography and Digital Transformation.- 12 H. Suito et al., Numerical Study for Blood Flows in Thoracic Aorta.- 13 J.A.C. Weideman, Dynamics of Complex Singularities of Nonlinear PDEs: Analysis and Computation.

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces Mechanistic Data Science (MDS) as a structured methodology for combining data science tools with mathematical scientific principles (i.e., “mechanistic” principles) to solve intractable problems. Traditional data science methodologies require copious quantities of data to show a reliable pattern, but the amount of required data can be greatly reduced by considering the mathematical science principles. MDS is presented here in six easy-to-follow modules: 1) Multimodal data generation and collection, 2) extraction of mechanistic features, 3) knowledge-driven dimension reduction, 4) reduced order surrogate models, 5) deep learning for regression and classification, and 6) system and design. These data science and mechanistic analysis steps are presented in an intuitive manner that emphasizes practical concepts for solving engineering problems as well as real-life problems. This book is written in a spectral style and is ideal as an entry level textbook for engineering and data science undergraduate and graduate students, practicing scientists and engineers, as well as STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) high school students and teachers.Table of Contents1-Introduction to Mechanistic Data Science 2-Multimodal Data Generation and Collection 3-Optimization and Regression 4-Extraction of Mechanistic Features 5-Knowledge-Driven Dimension Reduction and Reduced Order Surrogate Models 6-Deep Learning for Regression and Classification 7-System and Design

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Book SynopsisThis book contains works on mathematical and simulation modeling of processes in various domains: ecology and geographic information systems, IT, industry, and project management. The development of complex multicomponent systems requires an increase in accuracy, efficiency, and adequacy while reducing the cost of their creation. The studies presented in the book are useful to specialists who involved in the development of real events models-analog, management and decision-making models, production models, and software products. Scientists can get acquainted with the latest research in various decisions proposed by leading scholars and identify promising directions for solving complex scientific and practical problems. The chapters of this book contain the contributions presented on the 16th International Scientific-practical Conference, MODS, June 28–July 01, 2021, Chernihiv, Ukraine.Table of ContentsMathematical Modeling of Information System Designing Master Plan of the Building Territory Based on OLAP Technology.- Models and information technologies of coverage of the territory by sensors with energy consumption optimization.- Transport of Reactive Tracer in Compacting Multi-fraction Bottom Sediments.- Pillars for establishing a durable and future-proof IT architecture maturing along with the NSC: Approaches from Continuous Integration to Service Mesh.- Optimal Control of Buried Point Sources in a Two-Dimensional Richards-Klute Equation.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive reference source for dynamic and innovative research in the field of cyber security, focusing on nature-inspired research and applications. The authors present the design and development of future-ready cyber security measures, providing a critical and descriptive examination of all facets of cyber security with a special focus on recent technologies and applications. The book showcases the advanced defensive cyber security mechanism that is a requirement in the industry and highlights measures that provide efficient and fast solutions. The authors explore the potential of AI-based and nature-inspired based computing compatibilities in establishing an adaptive defense mechanism system. The book focuses on current research while highlighting the empirical results along with theoretical concepts to provide a reference for students, researchers, scholars, professionals, and practitioners in the field of cyber security and analytics. This book features contributions from leading scholars from all over the world.Table of Contents1) Nature-inspired Cyber Security and Resilience: An Overview2) Detection of Reconnaissance Attacks on IoT Devices Using Deep Neural Networks3) Particle Swarm Optimization driven DSE based Low Cost Hardware Security for Securing DSP IP Cores4) Malicious Activity Detection in IoT Networks: A Nature-Inspired Approach5) Nature-inspired malware & anomaly detection in android-based systems6) A Review of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Methods for Cybersecurity Applications7) A Nature Inspired DNA Encoding Technique for Quantum Session Key Exchange Protocol8) Novel Hybridized Crow Optimization for Secure Data Transmission in Cyber Networks9) Malware attacks: Dimensions, Impact, and Defenses

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Book SynopsisThis book contains the papers presented at the XXX International Congress INGEGRAF, “Digital Engineering, its application in Research, Development and Innovation”, held on 24–25 June 2021 in Valencia, Spain.The book reports on cutting-edge topics in product design and manufacturing, such as industrial methods for integrated product and process design; innovative design; and computer-aided design. Further topics covered include virtual simulation and reverse engineering; additive manufacturing; product manufacturing; engineering methods in medicine and education; representation techniques; and nautical, engineering and construction, aeronautics and aerospace design and modeling. The book has six sections, reflecting the focus and primary themes of the conference. The contributions presented here will not only provide researchers, engineers, and experts in a range of industrial engineering subfields with extensive information to support their daily work; but also they are intended to stimulate new research directions, advanced applications of the methods discussed, and future interdisciplinary collaborations.Table of ContentsPrefaceOrganization Committee, Scientific Committee Part 1 - Engineering and Construction - New Methodologies BIM Part 2 - Teaching - Learning in Graphic Engineering Part 3 - Product Design & Development Part 4 - Manufacturing and Industrial Process Design Part 5 - Graphical Bioengineering Part 6 - Innovation in Design

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Book SynopsisThe developments in mesh generation are usually driven by the needs of new applications and/or novel algorithms. The last decade has seen a renewed interest in mesh generation and adaptation by the computational engineering community, due to the challenges introduced by complex industrial problems.Another common challenge is the need to handle complex geometries. Nowadays, it is becoming obvious that geometry should be persistent throughout the whole simulation process. Several methodologies that can carry the geometric information throughout the simulation stage are available, but due to the novelty of these methods, the generation of suitable meshes for these techniques is still the main obstacle for the industrial uptake of this technology.This book will cover different aspects of mesh generation and adaptation, with particular emphasis on cutting-edge mesh generation techniques for advanced discretisation methods and complex geometries.Table of Contents1 Carolyn Woeber, Advances in H-P Mesh Adaptation for Finite Element Methods.- 2 Chiara Nardoni, Remeshing techniques in shape and topology optimization.- 3 Dimitrios Papadimitrakis, Building direction fields on the medial object to generate 3D domain decompositions for hexahedral meshing.- 4 Franck Ledoux, Interecode hexahedral meshing from Eulerian to Lagrangian simulations.- 5 Jean-Francois Remacle, A robust approach for mesh generation of surfaces with irregular/singular parametrizations.6 Jens Lang, Sample Adaptive Multilevel Stochastic Collocation Schemes in Uncertainty Quantification of Gas Transport in Networks.- 7 Jessica Zhang, Hexahedral dominant mesh generation and spline modeling for isogeometric analysis.- 8 Juan José Ródenas, Mesh adaptivity in the framework of the Cartesian grid finite element method, cgFEM.- 9 Mario Ricchiuto, h- and r-adaptation on simplicial meshes: implementation and applications.- 10 Onkar Sahni, Geometry and Adaptive Mesh Update Procedures for Ballistics Simulations.- 11 Per-Olof Persson, HOIST: High-Order Implicit Shock Tracking using an optimization-based discontinuous Galerkin method.- 12 Rainald Lohner, Breakthrough ‘workarounds’ in unstructured mesh generation.- 13 Simone Appella, An adaptive moving mesh method with conservative interpolation based on local projection.- 14 Suzanne Shontz, Global optimization strategies for automated edge grid generation.

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Book SynopsisThis book commemorates Eric Goles’s achievements in science and engineering. Eric Goles is one of the world leaders in the field of automata and complexity. His groundbreaking discoveries are in the theory and analysis of complex systems, particularly in the field of discrete systems dynamics such as neural networks, automata networks, majority networks, bootstrap percolation models, cellular automata, computational complexity theory, discrete mathematics, and theoretical computer science. Topics include cellular automata, complex networks, models of computation, expansive systems, sandpile automata, Penrose tilings, Boolean automata, models of infection, Fibonacci trees, dominos, reversible automata, and fungal automata. The chapters are authored by world leaders in computer science, physics, mathematics, and engineering. The book will be a pleasure to explore for readers from all walks of life, from undergraduate students to university professors, from mathematicians, computer scientists, and engineers to chemists and biologists.Table of ContentsAbout Eric Goles.- Seven things I know about them.- Distortion in automorphisms of expansive systems.- Periods in the Q2R, X2R and Kawasaki-Q2R cellular automata.

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Book SynopsisThis book highlights cutting-edge research in the field of network science, offering scientists, researchers, students, and practitioners a unique update on the latest advances in theory and a multitude of applications. It presents the peer-reviewed proceedings of the X International Conference on Complex Networks and their Applications (COMPLEX NETWORKS 2021). The carefully selected papers cover a wide range of theoretical topics such as network models and measures; community structure, network dynamics; diffusion, epidemics and spreading processes; resilience and control as well as all the main network applications, including social and political networks; networks in finance and economics; biological and neuroscience networks, and technological networks.

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Book SynopsisThis book highlights cutting-edge research in the field of network science, offering scientists, researchers, students, and practitioners a unique update on the latest advances in theory and a multitude of applications. It presents the peer-reviewed proceedings of the X International Conference on Complex Networks and their Applications (COMPLEX NETWORKS 2021). The carefully selected papers cover a wide range of theoretical topics such as network models and measures; community structure, network dynamics; diffusion, epidemics and spreading processes; resilience and control as well as all the main network applications, including social and political networks; networks in finance and economics; biological and neuroscience networks, and technological networks.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a friendly introduction to the paradigm and proposes a broad panorama of killing applications of the Infinity Computer in optimization: radically new numerical algorithms, great theoretical insights, efficient software implementations, and interesting practical case studies. This is the first book presenting to the readers interested in optimization the advantages of a recently introduced supercomputing paradigm that allows to numerically work with different infinities and infinitesimals on the Infinity Computer patented in several countries. One of the editors of the book is the creator of the Infinity Computer, and another editor was the first who has started to use it in optimization. Their results were awarded by numerous scientific prizes. This engaging book opens new horizons for researchers, engineers, professors, and students with interests in supercomputing paradigms, optimization, decision making, game theory, and foundations of mathematics and computer science.“Mathematicians have never been comfortable handling infinities… But an entirely new type of mathematics looks set to by-pass the problem… Today, Yaroslav Sergeyev, a mathematician at the University of Calabria in Italy solves this problem… ”MIT Technology Review“These ideas and future hardware prototypes may be productive in all fields of science where infinite and infinitesimal numbers (derivatives, integrals, series, fractals) are used.” A. Adamatzky, Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Unconventional Computing.“I am sure that the new approach … will have a very deep impact both on Mathematics and Computer Science.” D. Trigiante, Computational Management Science.“Within the grossone framework, it becomes feasible to deal computationally with infinite quantities, in a way that is both new (in the sense that previously intractable problems become amenable to computation) and natural”. R. Gangle, G. Caterina, F. Tohmé, Soft Computing.“The computational features offered by the Infinity Computer allow us to dynamically change the accuracy of representation and floating-point operations during the flow of a computation. When suitably implemented, this possibility turns out to be particularly advantageous when solving ill-conditioned problems. In fact, compared with a standard multi-precision arithmetic, here the accuracy is improved only when needed, thus not affecting that much the overall computational effort.” P. Amodio, L. Brugnano, F. Iavernaro & F. Mazzia, Soft ComputingTrade Review“This book could have deep impact upon not only local, global, multi-objective optimization and machine learning, but also possibly on applied mathematics more broadly and numerical computation. People interested in new ideas for computer science and its foundations and possibly even the philosophy of mathematics will find this volume interesting, as would those working in theoretical or applied optimization.” (Jonathan Gillard, Optimization Letters, Vol. 17 (2), 2023)Table of ContentsA New Computational Paradigm Using Grossone-Based Numerical Infinities and Infinitesimals.- Nonlinear Optimization: A Brief Overview.- The role of grossone in Nonlinear Programming and Exact Penalty Methods.

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Book SynopsisThis open access book bridges common tools in medical imaging and neuroscience with the numerical solution of brain modelling PDEs. The connection between these areas is established through the use of two existing tools, FreeSurfer and FEniCS, and one novel tool, the SVM-Tk, developed for this book. The reader will learn the basics of magnetic resonance imaging and quickly proceed to generating their first FEniCS brain meshes from T1-weighted images. The book's presentation concludes with the reader solving a simplified PDE model of gadobutrol diffusion in the brain that incorporates diffusion tensor images, of various resolution, and complex, multi-domain, variable-resolution FEniCS meshes with detailed markings of anatomical brain regions. After completing this book, the reader will have a solid foundation for performing patient-specific finite element simulations of biomechanical models of the human brain.Trade Review“The book represents an excellent introduction and hands-on guide to this important and exciting field, for applied mathematicians and image processing practitioners … . It is, perhaps, most beneficial, to electrical and computer science majors who wish to rapidly immerse themselves in the field, in a manner that is mathematically correct and sound, yet also practical.” (Emil Saucan, zbMATH 1501.92001, 2023)Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Working with magnetic resonance images of the brain.- From T1 images to numerical simulation.- Introducing heterogeneities.- Introducing directionality with diffusion tensors.- Simulating anisotropic diffusion in heterogeneous brain regions.- Concluding remarks and outlook.- References.- Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book employs an abstract kernel fractional calculus with applications to Prabhakar and non-singular kernel fractional calculi. The results are univariate and bivariate. In the univariate case, abstract fractional monotone approximation by polynomials and splines is presented. In the bivariate case, the abstract fractional monotone constrained approximation by bivariate pseudo-polynomials and polynomials is given. This book’s results are expected to find applications in many areas of pure and applied mathematics, especially in fractional approximation and fractional differential equations. Other interesting applications are applied in sciences like geophysics, physics, chemistry, economics, and engineering. This book is appropriate for researchers, graduate students, practitioners, and seminars of the above disciplines.Trade Review“The book is a very interesting contribution to the recent developments in fractional calculus, which is widely studied due to its numerous applications in many scientific fields.” (Carlo Bardaro, Mathematical Reviews, September, 2023)Table of ContentsBasic abstract fractional monotone approximation.- Abstract bivariate left fractional monotone constrained approximation by pseudo-polynomials.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis book is based on the best papers accepted for presentation during the International Conference on Mathematics and its Applications in New Computer Systems (MANCS-2021), Russia.The book includes research materials on modern mathematical problems, solutions in the field of cryptography, data analysis and modular computing, as well as scientific computing. The scope of numerical methods in scientific computing presents original research, including mathematical models and software implementations, related to the following topics: numerical methods in scientific computing; solving optimization problems; methods for approximating functions, etc. The studies in mathematical solutions to cryptography issues are devoted to secret sharing schemes, public key systems, private key systems, n-degree comparisons, modular arithmetic of simple, addition of points of an elliptic curve, Hasse theorem, homomorphic encryption and learning with error, and modifications of the RSA system. Furthermore, issues in data analysis and modular computing include contributions in the field of mathematical statistics, machine learning methods, deep learning, and neural networks. Finally, the book gives insights into the fundamental problems in mathematics education. The book intends for readership specializing in the field of cryptography, information security, parallel computing, computer technology, and mathematical education.

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Book SynopsisThe textbook covers the most popular transforms used in electrical engineering along with the mathematical foundations of the transforms, uniquely bringing together the two in a single text. Geared towards an upper-undergraduate or graduate-level class, the book covers the most-used transforms including Fourier, Laplace, Discrete Fourier, z-, short-time Fourier, and discrete cosine transforms. The book includes the complex numbers, complex functions, and complex integration that are fundamental to understand the transforms. The author strives to make the study of the subject approachable by appealing to the use of popular software like LabVIEW virtual instruments, Matlab m-files, and C programming resources. Computer projects at the end of chapters further enhance the learning process. The book is based on the author’s years of teachıng Engineering Mathematics and Signal courses and can be used in both electrical engineering and mathematics curriculum. Presents both electrical engineering transforms and their mathematical foundations in an understandable, pedagogical, and applicable approach; Covers the most common transforms for electronics and communications engineers including Laplace transform, the Fourier transform, STFT, the z-transform; Features LabVIEW virtual instrument (vi) files, LTSpice simulation files, MATLAB m files, and computer projects in the chapter problems. Table of ContentsIntroduction.- I BACKGROUND.- Complex Numbers.- Functions of a Complex Variable.- Complex Integration.- II TRANSFORMS.- The Laplace Transform.- The Fourier Series.- The Fourier Transform.- Short-Time-Fourier Transform.- Fast Fourier Transform.- z Transform.- Discrete Cosine Transform.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThe textbook covers the most popular transforms used in electrical engineering along with the mathematical foundations of the transforms, uniquely bringing together the two in a single text. Geared towards an upper-undergraduate or graduate-level class, the book covers the most-used transforms including Fourier, Laplace, Discrete Fourier, z-, short-time Fourier, and discrete cosine transforms. The book includes the complex numbers, complex functions, and complex integration that are fundamental to understand the transforms. The author strives to make the study of the subject approachable by appealing to the use of popular software like LabVIEW virtual instruments, Matlab m-files, and C programming resources. Computer projects at the end of chapters further enhance the learning process. The book is based on the author’s years of teachıng Engineering Mathematics and Signal courses and can be used in both electrical engineering and mathematics curriculum. Presents both electrical engineering transforms and their mathematical foundations in an understandable, pedagogical, and applicable approach; Covers the most common transforms for electronics and communications engineers including Laplace transform, the Fourier transform, STFT, the z-transform; Features LabVIEW virtual instrument (vi) files, LTSpice simulation files, MATLAB m files, and computer projects in the chapter problems. Table of ContentsIntroduction.- I BACKGROUND.- Complex Numbers.- Functions of a Complex Variable.- Complex Integration.- II TRANSFORMS.- The Laplace Transform.- The Fourier Series.- The Fourier Transform.- Short-Time-Fourier Transform.- Fast Fourier Transform.- z Transform.- Discrete Cosine Transform.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis book touches upon various aspects of a very interesting, and growing in popularity category of models of dynamical systems. These are the so-called fractional-order systems. Such models are not only relevant for many fields of science and technology, but may also find numerous applications in other disciplines applying the mathematical modelling tools. Thus, the book is intended for a very wide audience of professionals who want to expand their knowledge of systems modelling and its applications.The book includes the selections of papers presented at the International Conference on Fractional Calculus and its Applications organized by the Warsaw University of Technology and was held online on 6–8 September 2021.The International Conference on Fractional Calculus and its Applications (ICFDA) has an almost twenty years history. It started in Bordeaux (France) in 2004, followed by Porto (Portugal) 2006, Istanbul (Turkey) 2008, Badajoz (Spain) 2010, Nanjing (China) 2012, Catania (Italy) 2014, Novi Sad (Serbia) 2016, Amman (Jordan) 2018. Next ICFDA was planned in 2020 in Warsaw (Poland), but COVID-19 pandemic shifted it to 6–8 September 2021. Hence, the organizers were forced to change the form of the conference to the online one.In the volume twenty eight high-quality research papers presented during the ICFDA 2021 eleven Regular Sessions with an additional online Discussion Session are presented. The presented papers are scientifically inspiring, leading to new fruitful ideas. They cover a very broad range of many disciplines. Nowadays, and especially in such a subject as fractional calculus, it is very difficult to assign papers to specific scientific areas. So, many of the papers included have an interdisciplinary character.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze and better understand phenomena that change in space and time. An innovative approach is to incorporate ideas and methods from dynamical systems and equivariant bifurcation theory to model, analyze and predict the behavior of mathematical models. In addition, real-life data is incorporated in the derivation of certain models. For instance, the model for a fluxgate magnetometer includes experiments in support of the model. The book is intended for interdisciplinary scientists in STEM fields, who might be interested in learning the skills to derive a mathematical representation for explaining the evolution of a real system. Overall, the book could be adapted in undergraduate- and postgraduate-level courses, with students from various STEM fields, including: mathematics, physics, engineering and biology.Table of ContentsIntroduction- Algebraic Models.- Discrete Models.- Continuous Models.- Bifurcation Theory.- Network-Based Modeling.- Delay Models.- Spatial-Temporal Models.- Stochastic Models.- Model Reduction and Simplification.

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Book SynopsisThis book features papers focusing on the implementation of new and future technologies, which were presented at the International Conference on New Technologies, Development and Application, held at the Academy of Science and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo on 23rd–25th June 2022. It covers a wide range of future technologies and technical disciplines, including complex systems such as industry 4.0; patents in industry 4.0; robotics; mechatronics systems; automation; manufacturing; cyber-physical and autonomous systems; sensors; networks; control, energy, renewable energy sources; automotive and biological systems; vehicular networking and connected vehicles; intelligent transport, effectiveness and logistics systems, smart grids, nonlinear systems, power, social and economic systems, education, IoT. The book New Technologies, Development and Application V is oriented towards Fourth Industrial Revolution “Industry 4.0”, in which implementation will improve many aspects of human life in all segments and lead to changes in business paradigms and production models. Further, new business methods are emerging, transforming production systems, transport, delivery and consumption, which need to be monitored and implemented by every company involved in the global market.

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Book SynopsisThe book consists of papers on selected topics of dependability analysis in computer systems and networks which were discussed during the 17th DepCoS-RELCOMEX conference held in Wrocław, Poland, from June 27th to July 1st, 2022. Their collection will be an interesting source material for scientists, researchers, practitioners and students who are dealing with design, analysis and engineering of computer systems and networks and must ensure their dependable operation. Being probably the most complex technical systems ever engineered by man (and also, the most dynamically evolving ones), organization of contemporary computer systems and networks cannot be interpreted only as a structure built on the base of unreliable technical resources. Their evaluation must take into account a unique blend of interacting people, networks (together with mobile properties, cloud organization, Internet of Everything, etc.) and a large number of users dispersed geographically and constantly producing an unconceivable number of applications. Research methods being continuously developed for dependability analyses apply newest results of artificial and computational intelligence. Selection of papers in this book illustrates broad range of topics, often multi-disciplinary, which is considered in present-day dependability explorations; it also reveals an increasing role of the latest methods based on machine/deep learning and neural networks in these studies.Table of ContentsMeasures of Outlierness in High-Dimensional Data under Correlation of Features - with Application for Open-Set Classification, Szymon Datko, Henryk Maciejewski, Tomasz Walkowiak.- Multiprocessor tasks scheduling - Fuzzy Logic Approach, Dariusz Dorota.- Nonparametric tracking for time-varying nonlinearities using the kernel method, Purva Joshi, Grzegorz Mzyk.- Embedded systems' startup code optimization, Patryk Pankiewicz.- Influence of accelerometer placement on biometric gaitidentification, Aleksander Sawicki.- An Impact of Data Augmentation Techniques on the Robustness of CNNs, Kamil Szyc.- Dual Learning Model for Multiclass Brain Tumor classification, Rohit Thanki, Sanna Kaddoura.

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Book SynopsisHigh dimensional reference architectures presented here allows confronting and prevailing over the growing complexity of polytopic projects implementations.Such projects should be envisaged giving that conventional systems operations, equipments, methodologies or organizations will reach their limits for self-evolvability in high complexity conditions. Self-evolvable high complexity systems are based on high dimensional polytopic reference architectures.Polytope is the general term of the sequence: point, line, polygon, polyhedron and so on.The polytopic projects are targeting the artificiality, not only for materials where it is well known and applied, but also for biological, cognitive, intelligent and mathematical systems. The book highlights the polytopic projects basic similarity despite the noticeable difference as domains of application. The roads to follow and the algebra of changing roads are emphasized.The book is divided in 9 chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the Polytopic Roadmap to 4D and beyond. The role for the dialogue of processes in duality of the non-Aristotelian Logic of Contradiction and of Included Middle is emphasized for different domains. Chapter 2 refers to chemical systems. Supramolecular chemistry, metal organic frameworks, MOF, and reaction networks, are the examples considered in the frame of polytopic chemistry. Chapter 3 refers to biological systems. Biological dynamical hierarchies and quasi-species are the considered case studies. Technological and scientific projects targeting artificiality for cells and viruses are considered. Chapter 4 refers to cognitive systems. Developmental stages, formal and relational concepts analysis, and neural coding are considered here. The roles of the 4D systems of systems of systems and of conceptual 4D-cube are emphasized. Artificiality for cognitive systems is the object of study.Chapter 5 refers to mathematical systems. Modeling levels and the 4D digital twins are discussed. Hopf monoids as tools for the study of combinations and separations, dual graded graphs and V-models are informally presented. Chapter 6 refers to application of formal concept analysis, FCA, for high dimensional separations, nesting and drug delivery. Chapter 7 refers to polytopic engineering systems as multiscale transfer, distributors-collectors, cyclic operations, middle vessel columns, mixing, assembly and designs. Equipments have been characterized using Polytopic Roadmaps and classified by Periodic Tables. Chapter 8 introduces polytopic industry, economy, society and sustainability. Chapter 9 outlines new domains of interest as arts and architecture, transdisciplinarity, complex systems and unity of sciences and engineering.Polytopic Roadmaps are proposed as Method for experts from various fields to synthesize their thinking and capabilities into new projects implementation to face and surpass high complexity. A repetitive finding of this book is that self-evolvability observed in physical systems is based on the same directed sequence of reference architectures as the self-evolvability of concepts in our mind. Continuing to develop the field of self-evolvable systems and presenting the polytopic roadmaps for 4D and beyond advances in ever growing complexity domains, the book will be useful to engineers, researchers, entrepreneurs and students in different branches of production, complex systems sciences and engineering, ecology and applied mathematics.Table of ContentsRoadmap to 4D and beyond.- Cognitive Systems.- Conceptual Systems.- Prospective.- Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Business and Technology (ICBT2021) organized by EuroMid Academy of Business & Technology (EMABT), held in Istanbul, between 06–07 November 2021. In response to the call for papers for ICBT2021, 485 papers were submitted for presentation and ‎inclusion in the proceedings of the conference. After a careful blind refereeing process, 292 papers ‎were selected for inclusion in the conference proceedings from forty countries. Each of these ‎chapters was evaluated through an editorial board, and each chapter was passed through a double-blind peer-review process.‎The book highlights a range of topics in the fields of technology, ‎entrepreneurship, business administration, ‎accounting, and economics that can contribute to business ‎development in countries, such as ‎learning machines, artificial intelligence, big data, ‎deep ‎‎learning, game-based learning, management ‎information system, ‎accounting information ‎system, knowledge management, entrepreneurship, and ‎social enterprise, corporate social responsibility and sustainability, business policy and strategic ‎management, international management and organizations, organizational behavior and HRM, ‎operations management and logistics research, controversial issues in management and organizations, ‎turnaround, corporate entrepreneurship, innovation, legal issues, business ethics, and firm ‎governance, managerial accounting and firm financial affairs, non-traditional research, and creative ‎methodologies.These proceedings are reflecting quality research contributing theoretical and practical implications, for those who are wise to apply the technology within any business sector. It is our hope that the contribution of this book proceedings will be of the academic level which even decision-makers in the various economic and executive-level will get to appreciate.

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Book SynopsisThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Business and Technology (ICBT2021) organized by EuroMid Academy of Business & Technology (EMABT), held in Istanbul, between 06–07 November 2021. In response to the call for papers for ICBT2021, 485 papers were submitted for presentation and ‎inclusion in the proceedings of the conference. After a careful blind refereeing process, 292 papers ‎were selected for inclusion in the conference proceedings from forty countries. Each of these ‎chapters was evaluated through an editorial board, and each chapter was passed through a double-blind peer-review process.‎The book highlights a range of topics in the fields of technology, ‎entrepreneurship, business administration, ‎accounting, and economics that can contribute to business ‎development in countries, such as ‎learning machines, artificial intelligence, big data, ‎deep ‎‎learning, game-based learning, management ‎information system, ‎accounting information ‎system, knowledge management, entrepreneurship, and ‎social enterprise, corporate social responsibility and sustainability, business policy and strategic ‎management, international management and organizations, organizational behavior and HRM, ‎operations management and logistics research, controversial issues in management and organizations, ‎turnaround, corporate entrepreneurship, innovation, legal issues, business ethics, and firm ‎governance, managerial accounting and firm financial affairs, non-traditional research, and creative ‎methodologies.These proceedings are reflecting quality research contributing theoretical and practical implications, for those who are wise to apply the technology within any business sector. It is our hope that the contribution of this book proceedings will be of the academic level which even decision-makers in the various economic and executive-level will get to appreciate.

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Book SynopsisThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Business and Technology (ICBT2021) organized by EuroMid Academy of Business & Technology (EMABT), held in Istanbul, between 06–07 November 2021. In response to the call for papers for ICBT2021, 485 papers were submitted for presentation and ‎inclusion in the proceedings of the conference. After a careful blind refereeing process, 292 papers ‎were selected for inclusion in the conference proceedings from forty countries. Each of these ‎chapters was evaluated through an editorial board, and each chapter was passed through a double-blind peer-review process.‎The book highlights a range of topics in the fields of technology, ‎entrepreneurship, business administration, ‎accounting, and economics that can contribute to business ‎development in countries, such as ‎learning machines, artificial intelligence, big data, ‎deep ‎‎learning, game-based learning, management ‎information system, ‎accounting information ‎system, knowledge management, entrepreneurship, and ‎social enterprise, corporate social responsibility and sustainability, business policy and strategic ‎management, international management and organizations, organizational behavior and HRM, ‎operations management and logistics research, controversial issues in management and organizations, ‎turnaround, corporate entrepreneurship, innovation, legal issues, business ethics, and firm ‎gerial accounting and firm financial affairs, non-traditional research, and creative ‎methodologies.These proceedings are reflecting quality research contributing theoretical and practical implications, for those who are wise to apply the technology within any business sector. It is our hope that the contribution of this book proceedings will be of the academic level which even decision-makers in the various economic and executive-level will get to appreciate.

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Book SynopsisImportant world institutions, such as the United Nations (UN), the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Energy Agency (IEA), and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), have publicly recognizing the highly interconnected nature of our world and therefore the relevance of systemic thinking and cybernetics as leading knowledge foundations to deal with the complexity of economic, social, and environmental issues. This recognition was the driving force of the Internet discussions held by participants to the World Organisation of Systems and Cybernetics 18th Congress, which last September 27 to 29(WOSC 2021). More than ever we needed to debate and develop current ontological, epistemological, and methodological approaches to the understanding of the future of humanity.WOSC organized this event in collaboration with the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). Scientists of this Academy together with scientists from all over the world made contributions to improving communications beyond particular nation states and regions toward the clarification of global issues like governance, health, education, technology, art, and others. Our aim in WOSC 2021 was bringing together scientists and researchers to collaborative debates at all levels from local communities to global societies. At the end of the Congress, scientists were invited to submit contributions to this Springer Nature book, along the following four themes: firstly, philosophical and methodological foundations for the development of the systems approach and cybernetics; secondly, the cybernetics of society, ecology and governance; thirdly, digital technologies and physical realities merging into a hybrid reality , and fourthly, the transdisciplinarity of systems sciences and cybernetics applied to the further development of knowledge areas, such as education, embodiment of social policies, and the arts. About 25 contributions were accepted for publication in this book. We see this as one of WOSC’s important contribution to the scientific community around the world.

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