Mathematical modelling Books

Book SynopsisDispersed multiphase flows are at the heart of many geophysical, environmental, industrial, and energy applications. Volcanic eruptions, rain formation, powder snow avalanches, sediment transport, and dust storms are some classic examples from the environment, while industrial applications include fluidized beds, slurry transport, fuel injection, cyclone separators, and plasma coating, to name a few. Although each application is unique, they share significant commonalities in the underlying dispersed multiphase-flow physics that govern their dynamics. This book takes a rigorous approach to explaining the complex interconnected physical processes that are at play, before developing different classes of mathematical models and numerical techniques that are appropriate for different regimes of dispersed multiphase flows. Containing many examples and over 100 exercises, it is suitable for use as a graduate-level textbook as well as a reference for researchers who want to model and simulate a multiphase flow phenomenon in their application.

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive reference on data assimilation and inverse problems, and their applications across a broad range of geophysical disciplines, ideal for researchers and graduate students. It highlights the importance of data assimilation for understanding dynamical processes of the Earth and its space environment, and summarises recent advances.Table of ContentsPart I. Introduction: 1. Inverse Problems and Data Assimilation in Earth Sciences Alik Ismail-Zadeh, Fabio Castelli, Dylan Jones and Sabrina Sanchez; 2. Emerging Directions in Geophysical Inversion Andrew P. Valentine and Malcolm Sambridge; 3. A Tutorial on Bayesian Data Assimilation Colin Grudzien and Marc Bocquet; 4. Third-Order Sensitivity Analysis, Uncertainty Quantification, Data Assimilation, Forward and Inverse Predictive Modelling for Large-Scale Systems Dan Cacuci; Part II. 'Fluid' Earth Applications from the Surface to the Space: 5. Data Assimilation of Seasonal Snow Manuela Girotto, Keith N. Musselman and Richard L. H. Essery; 6. Data Assimilation in Glaciology Mathieu Morlighem and Daniel Goldberg; 7. Data Assimilation in Hydrological Sciences Fabio Castelli; 8. Data Assimilation and Inverse Modelling of Atmospheric Trace Constituents Dylan Jones; 9. Data Assimilation of Volcanic Clouds: Recent Advances and Implications on Operational Forecasts Arnau Folch and Leonardo Mingari; 10. Data Assimilation in the Near-Earth Electron Radiation Environment Yuri Y. Shprits, Angelica M. Castillo, Nikita Aseev, Sebastian Cervantes, Ingo Michaelis, Irina Zhelavskaya, Artem Smirnov and Dedong Wang; Part III. 'Solid' Earth Applications from the Surface to the Core: 11. Trans-Dimensional Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods Applied to Geochronology and Thermochronology Kerry Gallagher; 12. Inverse Problems in Lava Dynamics Alik Ismail-Zadeh, Alexander Korotkii, Oleg Melnik, Ilya Starodubtsev, Yulia Starodubtseva, Igor Tsepelev and Natalya Zeinalova; 13. Data Assimilation for Real-Time Shake-Mapping and Prediction of Ground Shaking in Earthquake Early Warning Mitsuyuki Hoshiba; 14. Global Seismic Tomography Using Time Domain Waveform Inversion Barbara Romanowicz; 15. Solving Larger Seismic Inverse Problems with Smarter Methods Lars Gebraad, Dirk-Philip van Herwaarden, Solvi Thrastarson and Andreas Fichtner; 16. Using Joint Inversion as a Hypothesis Testing Tool Max Moorkamp; 17. Crustal Structure and Moho Depth in the Tibetan Plateau from Inverse Modelling of Gravity Data Shuanggen Jin and S. B. Xuan; 18. Geodetic Inversions and Applications in Geodynamics Grigory Steblov and Irina Vladimirova; 19. Data Assimilation in Geodynamics: Methods and Applications Alik Ismail-Zadeh, Igor Tsepelev and Alexander Korotkii; 20. Geodynamic Data Assimilation: Techniques and Observables to Construct and Constrain Time-Dependent Earth Models Hans-Peter Bunge, Andre Horbach, Lorenzo Colli, Siavash Ghelichkhan, Berta Vilacís and Jorge N. Hayek; 21. Understanding and Predicting Geomagnetic Secular Variation via Data Assimilation Weijia Kuang, Kyle Gwirtz, Andrew Tangborn and Mathias Morzfeld; 22. Point-wise and Spectral Observations in Geomagnetic Data Assimilation, the Importance of Localization Sabrina Sanchez; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe first systematic treatment of model risk, this book provides the tools needed to quantify and assess the impact of model uncertainty. It will be essential for all those working in portfolio theory and the theory of financial and engineering risk, for practitioners in these areas, and for graduate courses on risk bounds and model uncertainty.Trade Review'Written by three of the foremost experts in the field, Model Risk Management is the definitive textbook on bounding aggregate or portfolio risks in the face of partial information about their probabilistic structure, a problem that has applications in many areas of financial risk management, and beyond.' Alexander McNeil, University of York'This phenomenal reference text is the first to provide a systematic treatment of model uncertainty in a quantitative risk management context. It offers a broad array of methods for determining optimal bounds for portfolio VaR and other risk aggregation measures when only partial information is available about the model structure. Every actuary, quant, and regulator should own this book and apply its lessons in the insurance and financial services industry.' Christian Genest, FRSC, Canada Research Chair, McGill UniversityTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. Risk Bounds for Portfolios Based on Marginal Information: 1. Risk bounds with known marginal distributions; 2. Rearrangement algorithm; 3. Dual bounds; 4. Asymptotic equivalence results; Part II. Additional Dependence Constraints: 5. Improved standard bounds; 6. VaR bounds with variance constraints; 7. Distributions specified on a subset; Part III. Additional Information on the Structure: 8. Additional information on functionals of the risk vector; 9. Partially specified risk factor models; 10. Models with a specified subgroup structure; Part IV. Risk Bounds Under Moment Information: 11. Bounds on VaR, TVaR, and RVaR under moment information; 12. Bounds for distortion risk measures under moment information; 13. Bounds for VaR, TVaR, and RVaR under unimodality constraints; 14. Moment bounds in neighborhood models; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis hands-on text demystifies numerical modelling for early-stage physics and engineering students, with each chapter focusing on an intriguing physics problem. Developed over many years of teaching a computational modelling course, this stand-alone book gives students an essential numerical modelling toolkit for today's data-driven landscape.Table of ContentsPreface; How to use this book; First steps; 1. Rectangular finite quantum well – Stationary Schrödinger Equation in 1D; 2. Diffraction of light on a slit; 3. Pendulum as a standard unit of time; 4. Planetary system; 5. Gravitation inside a star; 6. Normal modes in a cylindrical waveguide; 7. Thermal insulation properties of a wall; 8. Cylindrical capacitor; 9. Coupled harmonic oscillators; 10. The Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problem; 11. Cold hydrogen star; 12. Rectangular quantum well filled with electrons – The idea of self-consistent calculations; 13. Time dependent Schrödinger Equation Dawid Dworzański; 14. Poisson equation in 2D; Appendices; Further Reading; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis hands-on text demystifies numerical modelling for early-stage physics and engineering students, with each chapter focusing on an intriguing physics problem. Developed over many years of teaching a computational modelling course, this stand-alone book gives students an essential numerical modelling toolkit for today's data-driven landscape.Table of ContentsPreface; How to use this book; First steps; 1. Rectangular finite quantum well – Stationary Schrödinger Equation in 1D; 2. Diffraction of light on a slit; 3. Pendulum as a standard unit of time; 4. Planetary system; 5. Gravitation inside a star; 6. Normal modes in a cylindrical waveguide; 7. Thermal insulation properties of a wall; 8. Cylindrical capacitor; 9. Coupled harmonic oscillators; 10. The Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problem; 11. Cold hydrogen star; 12. Rectangular quantum well filled with electrons – The idea of self-consistent calculations; 13. Time dependent Schrödinger Equation Dawid Dworzański; 14. Poisson equation in 2D; Appendices; Further Reading; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe study of electronic structure of materials is at a momentous stage, with new computational methods and advances in basic theory. Many properties of materials can be determined from the fundamental equations, and electronic structure theory is now an integral part of research in physics, chemistry, materials science and other fields. This book provides a unified exposition of the theory and methods, with emphasis on understanding each essential component. New in the second edition are recent advances in density functional theory, an introduction to Berry phases and topological insulators explained in terms of elementary band theory, and many new examples of applications. Graduate students and research scientists will find careful explanations with references to original papers, pertinent reviews, and accessible books. Each chapter includes a short list of the most relevant works and exercises that reveal salient points and challenge the reader.Trade Review'… this 2nd edition is … very welcome and timely, as it has been significantly expanded to cover the 'new' topics. The core of the book remains unchanged in scope, focusing on 'independent particle methods' such as DFT and Hartree-Fock theory, and their extensions. This is … a worthy … and is strongly recommended for anyone working in the field of electronic structure.' Matt Probert, Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgments; Notation; Part I. Overview and background topics: 1. Introduction; 2. Overview; 3. Theoretical background; 4. Periodic solids and electron bands; 5. Uniform electron gas and sp-bonded metals; Part II. Density functional theory: 6. Density functional theory: foundations; 7. The Kohn–Sham auxiliary system; 8. Functionals for exchange and correlation I; 9. Functionals for exchange and correlation II; Part III. Important preliminaries on atoms: 10. Electronic structure of atoms; 11. Pseudopotentials; Part IV. Determination of electronic structure: the basic methods: 12. Plane waves and grids: basics; 13. Plane waves and real space methods: full calculations; 14. Localized orbitals: tight-binding; 15. Localized orbitals: full calculations; 16. Augmented functions: APW, KKR, MTO; 17. Augmented functions: linear methods; 18. Locality and linear scaling O(N) methods; Part V. From Electronic Structure to Properties of Matter: 19. Quantum molecular dynamics (QMD); 20. Response functions: phonons, magnons, . . .; 21. Excitation spectra and optical properties; 22. Surfaces, interfaces, and lower dimensional systems; 23. Wannier functions; 24. Polarization, localization, and Berry phases; Part VI. Electronic Structure and Topology: 25. Topology of the electronic structure of a crystal: introduction; 26. Two band models: Berry phase, winding and topology; 27. Topological insulators I: Two dimensions; 28. Topological insulators II: Three dimensions; Part VII. APPENDICES: A. Functional equations; B. LSDA and GGA functionals; C. Adiabatic approximation; D. Perturbation Theory, response functions and Green's functions; E. Dielectric functions and optical properties; F. Coulomb interactions in extended systems; G. Stress from electronic structure; H. Energy and stress densities; I. Alternative force expressions; J. Scattering and phase shifts; K. Useful relations and formulas; L. Numerical methods; M. Iterative methods in electronic structure; N. Two-center matrix elements: expressions for arbitrary angular momentum l; O. Dirac equation and spin-orbit interaction; P. Berry phase, curvature and Chern numbers; Q. Quantum Hall effect and edge conductivity; R. Codes for electronic structure calculations for solids; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisEnables readers to deepen their understanding of a topic ubiquitous in mathematics and science and to tackle practical problems. The advent of fast computers and the development of numerical methods have enabled the modern engineer to use a large variety of packages to find numerical approximations to solutions of PDEs.

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Book SynopsisMathematical modeling - the ability to apply mathematical concepts and techniques to real-life systemsâhas expanded considerably over the last decades, making it impossible to cover all of its aspects in one course or textbook. Continuum Modeling in the Physical Sciences provides an extensive exposition of the general principles and methods of this growing field with a focus on applications in the natural sciences. The authors present a thorough treatment of mathematical modeling from the elementary level to more advanced concepts. Most of the chapters are devoted to a discussion of central issues such as dimensional analysis, conservation principles, balance laws, constitutive relations, stability, robustness, and variational methods, and are accompanied by numerous real-life examples. Readers will benefit from the exercises placed throughout the text and the Challenging Problems sections found at the ends of several chapters.

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Book SynopsisThis handbook covers the peridynamic modeling of failure and damage. Peridynamics is a reformulation of continuum mechanics based on the integration of interactions rather than the spatial differentiation of displacements. The book extends the classical theory of continuum mechanics to allow unguided modeling of crack propagation/fracture in brittle, quasi-brittle, and ductile materials; autonomous transition from continuous damage/fragmentation to fracture; modeling of long-range forces within a continuous body; and multiscale coupling in a consistent mathematical framework.Trade ReviewEditors Bobaru, Foster, Geubelle, and Silling present readers with a collection of academic and research perspectives toward a comprehensive guide to contemporary peridynamic modeling in a variety of applications. The editors have organized the sixteen selections that make up the main body of the text in five parts devoted to the need for nonlocal modeling and introduction toperidynamics; mathematics, numeric’s, and software tools of peridynamics; material models and links to atomsistic models; and other related subjects. Florin Bobaru is a faculty member of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. John T. Foster is a faculty member of the University of Texas at Austin. Philippe H. Geubelle is a faculty member of the University of Illinois. Stewart A. Silling is with Sandia National Laboratories in New Mexico~ProtoView, 2017Table of ContentsI The Need for Nonlocal Modeling and Introduction to PeridynamicsWhy Peridynamics? The mixed blessing of locality Origins of nonlocality in a modelLong-range forces Coarsening a fine-scale material system Smoothing of a heterogeneous material system Nonlocality at the macroscale The mixed blessing of nonlocalityIntroduction to Peridynamics Equilibrium in terms of integral equations Material modeling Bond based materialsRelation between bond densities and fluxPeridynamic states Ordinary state based materials Correspondence materials Discrete particles as peridynamic bodies Setting the horizon Linearized peridynamics Plasticity Bond based microplastic material LPS material with plasticity Damage and fracture Damage in bond based models Damage in ordinary state based material modelsDamage in correspondence material models Nucleation strain Treatment of boundaries and interfaces Bond based materialsState based materials Emu numerical method 2.7 Conclusions II Mathematics, Numerics, and Software Tools of PeridynamicsNonlocal Calculus of Variations and Well-posedness of Peridynamics Introduction .A brief review of well-posedness resultsNonlocal balance laws and nonlocal vector calculus Nonlocal calculus of variations - an illustrationNonlocal calculus of variations - further discussions Summary Local limits and asymptotically compatible discretizations Introduction Local PDE limits of linear peridynamic models Discretization schemes and discrete local limits Asymptotically compatible schemes for peridynamics SummaryRoadmap for Software Implementation Introduction Evaluating the internal force density Bond damage and failureThe tangent stiffness matrix Modeling contact Meshfree discretizations for peridynamics Proximity search for identification of pairwise interactions Time integrationExplicit time integration for transient dynamics Estimating the maximum stable time step Implicit time integration for quasi-statics Example simulations Fragmentation of a brittle disk resulting from impact Quasi-static simulation of a tensile testSummary III Material Models and Links to Atomistic ModelsConstitutive Modeling in Peridynamics Introduction Kinematics, momentum conservation, and terminologyLinear peridynamic isotropic solid Plane elasticityPlane stress Plane strain "Bond-based” theories as a special caseOn the role of the influence function Finite Deformations Invariants of peridynamic scalar-statesCorrespondence modelsNon-ordinary correspondence models for solid mechanics Ordinary correspondence models for solid mechanics Plasticity Yield surface and flow rule Loading/unloading and consistencyNon-ordinary models A non-ordinary beam modelA non-ordinary plate/shell model Other non-ordinary modelsFinal Comments Links between Peridynamic and Atomistic Models Introduction Molecular dynamicsMeshfree discretization of peridynamic modelsUpscaling molecular dynamics to peridynamics A one-dimensional nonlocal linear springs model A three-dimensional embedded-atom model Computational speedup through upscalingConcluding remarks Absorbing Boundary Conditions with Verification Introduction A PML for State-based Peridynamics Two-dimensional (2D), State-based Peridynamics Review Auxiliary Field Formulation and PML ApplicationNumerical ExamplesVerification of Cone and Center Crack ProblemsDimensional Analysis of Hertzian Cone Crack Developmentin Brittle Elastic SolidsState-based Verification of a Cone Crack Bond-based Verification of a Center Crack Verification of an Axisymmetric Indentation Problem Formulation Analytical Verification IV Modeling Material Failure and Damage Dynamic brittle fracture as an upscaling of unstable mesoscopic dynamicIntroduction The macroscopic evolution of brittle fracture as a small horizon limitof mesoscopic dynamics Dynamic instability and fracture initiation Localization of dynamic instability in the small horizon-macroscopic limitFree crack propagation in the small horizon-macroscopic limit SummaryCrack Branching in Dynamic Brittle Fracture Introduction A brief review of literature on crack branching Theoretical models and experimental results on dynamicbrittle fracture and crack branching Computations of dynamic brittle fracture based on FEM Dynamic brittle fracture results based on atomistic modeling Dynamic brittle fracture based on particle and lattice-based methods Phase-field models in dynamic fracture Results on dynamic brittle fracture from peridynamic modelsBrief Review of the bond-based Peridynamic modelAn accurate and efficient quadrature schemePeridynamic results for dynamic fracture and crack branching Crack branching in soda-lime glass Load case 1: stress on boundaries Load case 2: stress on pre-crack surfaces Load case 3: velocity boundary conditions Crack branching in Homalite Load case 1: stress on boundariesLoad case 2: stress on pre-crack surfaces Load case 3: velocity boundary conditions Influence of sample geometry10.5.3.1 Load case 1: stress on boundaries Load case 2: stress on pre-crack surfaces Load case 3: velocity boundary conditions Discussion of crack branching results Why do cracks branch? The importance of nonlocal modeling in crack branching Conclusions Relations Between Peridynamic and Classical Cohesive Models IntroductionAnalytical PD-based normal cohesive lawCase 1 – No bonds have reached critical stretch Case 2 – Bonds have exceeded the critical stretch Numerical approximation of PD-based cohesive law PD-based tangential cohesive lawCase 1 – No bonds have reached critical stretchCase 2 – Bonds have exceeded the critical stretch PD-based mixed-mode cohesive lawConclusionPeridynamic modeling of fiber-reinforced compositesIntroduction Peridynamic analysis of a lamina Peridynamic analysis of a laminate Numerical results Conclusions Appendix A: PD material constants of a lamina Simple shear Uniaxial stretch in the fiber directionUniaxial stretch in the transverse direction Biaxial stretch Appendix B: Surface correction factors for a composite lamina Appendix C: PD interlayer and shear bond constants of a laminate Peridynamic Modeling of Impact and Fragmentation Introduction Convergence studies and damage models that influence the damagebehavior Damage-dependent critical bond strainCritical bond strain dependence on compressive strains alongother directionsSurface effect in impact problems Convergence study for impact on a glass plate Impact on a multilayered glass system Model description A comparison between FEM and peridynamics for the elasticresponse of a multilayered system to impact13.4 Computational results for damage progression in the seven-layerglass system Damage evolution for the cross-sectionDamage evolution in the first layerDamage evolution in the second layerDamage evolution in the fourth layerDamage evolution in the seventh layer Conclusions V Multiphysics and Multiscale Modeling Coupling Local and Nonlocal ModelsIntroductionEnergy-based blending schemesThe Arlequin method Description of the coupling modelA numerical exampleThe morphing methodOverview Description of the morphing method One-dimensional analysis of ghost forces Numerical examples Force-based blending schemes Convergence of peridynamic models to classical models Derivation of force-based blending schemes A numerical example SummaryA Peridynamic model for corrosion damageAbstract Introduction Electrochemical Kinetics Problem formulation of 1D pitting corrosion The peridynamic formulation for 1D pitting corrosionResults and discussion of 1D pitting corrosion Pit corrosion depth proportional to square root tActivation-controlled, diffusion-controlled, and IR-controlledcorrosion Corrosion damage and the Concentration-Dependent Damage(CDD) model Damage evolution Saturated concentration Formulation and results of 2D and 3D pitting corrosion PD formulation of 2D and 3D pitting corrosion The Concentration-Dependent Damage (CDD) model forpitting corrosion: example in 2D A coupled corrosion/damage model for pitting corrosion: 2D example Diffusivity affects the corrosion rate Pitting corrosion with the CDD+DDC model in 3D Pitting corrosion in heterogeneous materials: examples in 2D Pitting corrosion in layer structures Pitting corrosion in a material with inclusions: a 2D example Conclusions Appendix Convergence study for 1D diffusion-controlled corrosion Convergence study for 2D activation-controlled corrosionwith Concentration-Dependent Damage model Peridynamics for Coupled Field EquationsIntroduction Diffusion Equation Thermal diffusion Moisture diffusion Electrical conduction Coupled Field Equations Thermomechanics Thermal diffusion with a structural coupling term Equation of motion with a thermal coupling term Porelasticity Mechanical deformation due to fluid pressure Fluid flow in porous medium Electromigration HygrothermomechanicsNumerical solution to peridynamic field equations Correction of PD material parameters Boundary conditions Essential boundary conditions Natural boundary conditionsExample 1Example 2 Example 3 Applications Coupled nonuniform heating and deformation Coupled nonuniform moisture and deformation in a square plate Coupled fluid pore pressure and deformationCoupled electrical, temperature, deformation, and vacancy diffusion Remarks

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Book SynopsisProvides readers with information necessary to construct spectral NWP models; a self-contained, well-documented, coded spectral NWP model; and theoretical and practical exercises, some of which include solutions.

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Book SynopsisFocusing on high-end modeling and simulation of earth's climate, this book presents observations about the general circulations of the earth and the partial differential equations used to model the dynamics of weather and climate and covers numerical methods for geophysical flows in more detail than many other texts.

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Book SynopsisBased on first principle quantum mechanics, electronic structure theory is widely used in physics, chemistry, materials science, and related fields and has recently received increasing research attention in applied and computational mathematics. This book provides a self-contained, mathematically oriented introduction to the subject and its associated algorithms and analysis. It will help applied mathematics students and researchers with minimal background in physics understand the basics of electronic structure theory and prepare them to conduct research in this area.A Mathematical Introduction to Electronic Structure Theory begins with an elementary introduction of quantum mechanics, including the uncertainty principle and the Hartree–Fock theory, which is considered the starting point of modern electronic structure theory. The authors then provide an in-depth discussion of two carefully selected topics that are directly related to several aspects of modern electronic structure calculations: density matrix based algorithms and linear response theory. Chapter 2 introduces the Kohn–Sham density functional theory with a focus on the density matrix based numerical algorithms, and Chapter 3 introduces linear response theory, which provides a unified viewpoint of several important phenomena in physics and numerics. An understanding of these topics will prepare readers for more advanced topics in this field. The book concludes with the random phase approximation to the correlation energy.The book is written for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students, specifically those with mathematical backgrounds but without a priori knowledge of quantum mechanics, and can be used for self-study by researchers, instructors, and other scientists. The book can also serve as a starting point to learn about many-body perturbation theory, a topic at the frontier of the study of interacting electrons.

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Book SynopsisAmong the many branches of applied mathematics, options pricing theory occupies a unique position: it utilizes a wide range of advanced mathematical concepts, making it appealing to mathematicians, and it is regularly applied at financial institutions, making it indispensable to practitioners. The emergence of artificial intelligence in the financial industry has led to further interest in mathematical finance and has increased the demand for literature on this subject that is accessible to a large audience.This book presents a self-contained introduction to options pricing theory and includes a complete discussion of the required concepts in finance and probability theory; an introduction to basic models, emphasizing both critical thinking and practical applications; and over 200 exercises, several Python codes for the analysis and application of the options pricing models, and numerical projects intended to help close the gap between theory and practice. A First Course in Options Pricing Theory is suitable for an advanced undergraduate course on financial mathematics and options pricing theory in engineering, computer science, and applied mathematics programs. The reader is assumed to be familiar with the standard material in calculus and linear algebra. Stochastic calculus is not used in the book.

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Book SynopsisVolatility underpins financial markets by encapsulating uncertainty about prices, individual behaviors, and decisions and has traditionally been modeled as a semimartingale, with consequent scaling properties. This mathematical description has been an active topic of research for decades, however, driven by empirical estimates of the scaling behavior of volatility, a new paradigm has emerged, whereby paths of volatility are rougher than those of semimartingales. According to this perspective, volatility is path-dependent and exhibits jump-like short-term behavior.The first book to offer a comprehensive exploration of the subject, Rough Volatility contributes to the understanding and application of rough volatility models by equipping readers with the tools and insights needed to delve into the topic, exploring the motivation for rough volatility modeling and providing a toolbox for computation and practical implementation, and organizing the material to reflect the subject's development and progression.

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Book SynopsisThis book is an essential supplement for MOST (Maynard Operation Sequence Technique) certification training. An excellent resource for practicing professionals and newcomers in the fields of industrial engineering and management, it provides a detailed explanation of each of the three MOST Systems. This edition is updated with relevant examples using todayâs technology to develop engineered standards. Content includes refreshed charts and guidelines to selecting a MOST System and completing a MOST analysis based on the application rules for BasicMOST, MiniMOST and MaxiMOST. A new informative chapter highlights the use of standards to improve workforce performance and increase productivity. A must for MOST certification for engineers, productivity improvement specialists, staffing, and costing professionals. Certification training can be completed online and worldwide through authorized partners. Table of Contents1. The Concept of MOST-An Introduction. 2. The MOST Systems Family. 3. The BasicMOST System. 4. The MiniMOST System. 5. The MaxiMOST System. 6. Computerized Work Measurement. 7. In Summary. Appendix A. Theory. Appendix B. Writing Method Step Descriptions. Appendix C. MOST Analysis Examples.

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Book SynopsisReliability and maintenance modeling with optimization is the most fundamental and interdisciplinary research area that can be applied to every technical and management field. Reliability and Maintenance Modeling with Optimization: Advances and Applications aims at providing the most recent advances and achievements in reliability and maintenance.The book discusses replacement, repair, and inspection, offers estimation and statistical tests, covers accelerated life testing, explores warranty analysis manufacturing, and includes service reliability.The targeted readers are researchers interested in reliability and maintenance engineering. The book can serve as supplemental reading in professional seminars for engineers, designers, project managers, and graduate students.Table of Contents1. Nine Memorial Research Works. 2. Replacement First and Last Policies with Random Times for Redundant Systems. 3. Backup Policies with Random Data Updates. 4. An Optimal Age Replacement Policy for a Reparable System Consisting of Main and Auxiliary Subsystems. 5. Extended replacement policy in damage models. 6. Optimal Checking Policy for a Server System with Cyber Attack. 7. Reliability Analysis of Congestion Control Scheme with Code Error Correction Methods. 8. The Optimal Design of Consecutive-k Systems. 9. Optimal Social Infrastructure Maintenance Models. 10. Optimal Maintenance Problem with OSS-Oriented EVM for OSS Project. 11. Reliability Assessment Model Based on Wiener Process Considering Network Environment for Edge Computing. 12. Approximated Estimation of Software Target Failure Measures Conforming IEC 61508. 13. Phase-Type Expansion of Markov Regenerative Processes and Its Application to Reliability Problems. 14. A Hybrid Model Fitting Framework considering Accuracy and Performance. 15. Alternating α-Series Process. 16. Optimum Staggered Testing Strategy for Redundant Safety Instrumented Systems with Different Testing Intervals. 17. Modules Of Multi-State Systems - Introduction To Three Modules Theorem. 18. A postponed repair model for a mission-based system based on a three-stage failure process.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers computational statistics-based approaches for Artificial Intelligence. The aim of this book is to provide comprehensive coverage of the fundamentals through the applications of the different kinds of mathematical modelling and statistical techniques and describing their applications in different Artificial Intelligence systems. The primary users of this book will include researchers, academicians, postgraduate students, and specialists in the areas of data science, mathematical modelling, and Artificial Intelligence. It will also serve as a valuable resource for many others in the fields of electrical, computer, and optical engineering.The key features of this book are: Presents development of several real-world problem applications and experimental research in the field of computational statistics and mathematical modelling for Artificial Intelligence Examines the evolution of fundamental research into industrialized research and the transformation of applied investigation into real-time applications Examines the applications involving analytical and statistical solutions, and provides foundational and advanced concepts for beginners and industry professionals Provides a dynamic perspective to the concept of computational statistics for analysis of data and applications in intelligent systems with an objective of ensuring sustainability issues for ease of different stakeholders in various fields Integrates recent methodologies and challenges by employing mathematical modeling and statistical techniques for Artificial Intelligence

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Book SynopsisWith Python, C++, FORTRAN, and a friendly conversational tone peppered with attempted humor, Modeling and Simulation of Everyday Things takes us on a journey through constructing models and simulations of systems and processes in everyday life and beyond. Readers can access an exampleâpacked online repository of programs in each of the three languages, including seldom covered work in generalized geometries and 3D.This second edition is a wonderful confluence of development of Python and C++ applications and will cultivate a broad perspective in the readership through having translations of major programs available in Python, C++, and FORTRAN (as we move forward, software engineers and researchers are recognizing the value of legacy programming). In addition to leveraging the best of the three languages, the readership can explore versatility in visualization by using native Python graphics as well as POV Raytracer and thirdâparty animation tools. We approach modeling of a system by introducing the theoretical framework of the system, followed by its discretized form, and then with narrated programs and sample results that also appear in the online repository.Readers will be able to critically think through constructing models and simulations of a vast array of systems, interpreting results, and visualizing them (which includes examples for visually and auditorily impaired individuals). Most importantly, their confidence will propel them forward to meet the challenges of the field and to think outside the book. Leveraging the best of three coding languages, two tracks for visualization, a conversational tone, and numerous examples, this book is extremely versatile and can be used by students from high school through science undergraduates in 2âyear and 4âyear institutions. The text is also ideal for use in Data Science as well as Professional Science Masterâs programs.

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Book SynopsisRecent technological advances have enabled comprehensive determination of the molecular composition of living cells. The chemical interactions between many of these molecules are known, giving rise to genome-scale reconstructed biochemical reaction networks underlying cellular functions. Mathematical descriptions of the totality of these chemical interactions lead to genome-scale models that allow the computation of physiological functions. Reflecting these recent developments, this textbook explains how such quantitative and computable genotype-phenotype relationships are built using a genome-wide basis of information about the gene portfolio of a target organism. It describes how biological knowledge is assembled to reconstruct biochemical reaction networks, the formulation of computational models of biological functions, and how these models can be used to address key biological questions and enable predictive biology. Developed through extensive classroom use, the book is designedTrade Review'One of the defining challenges of systems biology is to determine the structures and mechanisms by which complex networks of genes, proteins and metabolites control cell processes and molecular dynamics. Bernhard Ø. Palsson is a leading pioneer in constructing and analyzing genome-scale models of such networks. Here Palsson offers students an insider's guided tour of the concepts, principles and techniques underlying this emerging field. The book is brilliantly laid out and offers professors well-structured, much-needed material for a graduate-level course in systems biology and network science.' James J. Collins, Massachusetts Institute of Technology'This is a real tour de force. With enormous clarity, Bernhard Ø. Palsson sets out the what, why and how of network and systems biology, and of the important role of genome-wide reconstructions - especially, to date, of metabolism - in realising it … this is a masterful survey of the field by one of its leading practitioners. The development is nicely logical … If you are interested in network biology at all, then this book is for you.' Douglas Kell, University of Manchester'Systems Biology is an excellent resource for familiarizing researchers and students with the process of reconstructing genome-scale metabolic models and the types of data needed. A number of thorough studies are included that shed light on a range of queries that genome-scale models are well suited to answer. In addition to models, a number of algorithmic techniques are described for analyzing models and inferring organizational principles of metabolism or ways to re-engineer them. A great teaching and reference resource!' Costas Maranas, Pennsylvania State University'… a very important and novel contribution to the systems biology literature. The field of systems biology is still in the phase of being defined as an independent field with a clear curriculum, but Palsson gives his very clear contributions to this. His definition of the paradigm of systems biology as components, networks, computer models and physiology is clearly explained and linked to educational modules, educational values and specific prerequisites. Thus, not only is he providing a fantastic novel textbook that enables teaching about network reconstruction and analysis, but he is also clearly defining this as the core of systems biology. I am therefore confident that the very well thought through structure of this textbook, where the reader is introduced to the different layers of network reconstruction and analysis, will be widely used for teaching systems biology worldwide.' Jens Nielsen, Chalmers University of Technology'Bernhard Ø. Palsson is the leading pioneer of genome-scale models in biology today, and this book provides a beautiful view into his unique and powerful brand of systems biology. What lies in these pages is a masterful synthesis of a cohesive mathematical framework for representing biological processes that ties directly to experimental biology. While centered on metabolism - the powerhouse of the cell - this book teaches approaches that can be universally applied across all biochemical processes. This book will be a tremendous resource for students and researchers alike, and will help drive applications ranging from the environment to human health.' Nathan Price, Institute for Systems Biology'[This textbook] offers a truly authoritative treatment of genome-scale systems biology modelling. [It] covers all aspects of this rapidly growing field from theory to basic and applied uses, also detailing open challenges with an emphasis on the multitude of constraint-based approaches by which phenotypic behavior can be inferred from biochemical wiring diagrams. The book is generously illustrated by figures and despite its great depth and breadth, it remains readily accessible … researchers [will find it] a go-to guide for many years to come.' Balázs Papp, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of SciencesTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; Part I. Network Reconstruction: 2. Network reconstruction: the concept; 3. Network reconstruction: the process; 4. Metabolism in Escherichia coli; 5. Prokaryotes; 6. Eukaryotes; 7. Biochemical reaction networks; 8. Metastructures of genomes; Part II. Mathematical Properties of Reconstructed Networks: 9. The stoichiometric matrix; 10. Simple topological network properties; 11. Fundamental network properties; 12. Pathways; 13. Use of pathway vectors; 14. Randomized sampling; Part III. Determining the Phenotypic Potential of Reconstructed Networks: 15. Dual causality; 16. Functional states; 17. Constraints; 18. Optimization; 19. Determining capabilities; 20. Equivalent states; 21. Distal causation; Part IV. Basic and Applied Uses: 22. Environmental parameters; 23. Genetic parameters; 24. Analysis of omic data; 25. Model driven discovery; 26. Adaptive laboratory evolution; 27. Model driven design; Part V. Conceptual Foundations: 28. Teaching systems biology; 29. Epilogue; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisResistivity and induced polarization methods are used for a wide range of near-surface applications, including hydrogeology, civil engineering and archaeology, as well as emerging applications in the agricultural and plant sciences. This comprehensive reference text covers both theory and practice of resistivity and induced polarization methods, demonstrating how to measure, model and interpret data in both the laboratory and the field. Marking the 100 year anniversary of the seminal work of Conrad Schlumberger (1920), the book covers historical development of electrical geophysics, electrical properties of geological materials, instrumentation, acquisition and modelling, and includes case studies that capture applications to societally relevant problems. The book is also supported by a full suite of forward and inverse modelling tools, allowing the reader to apply the techniques to a wide range of applications using digital datasets provided online. This is a valuable reference for grTrade Review'Binley and Slater are two of the best electrical geophysicists in the world, and together have written a comprehensive, accessible textbook for anyone interested in electrical methods. By including a history of the methods, open-source software, and sections on theory, instrumentation, forward and inverse modelling, and applications, they've produced a 'one-stop shop' for all things electrical. This book starts with a primer on the most fundamental mathematics and builds up from there to topics outlining the state of the science, including helpful figures and sidebar information along the way. I strongly recommend this book to any student or practitioner interested in learning more about how to apply electrical geophysical techniques to shallow-Earth problems, and look forward to sharing it with my research students.' Kamini Singha, Colorado School of Mines'This is without doubt the most comprehensive and thorough treatment of electrical geophysics anywhere in the literature. It is a brilliantly written book, covering theory and practice, with numerous real-world examples of the use of resistivity and induced polarization. It will certainly be first on my recommended reading list for students, researchers and practitioners working in the field of geoelectrics and near-surface geophysics.' Jonathan Chambers, British Geological Survey'Andrew Binley and Lee Slater, two experienced scientists in the field of near-surface geophysics, have compiled a modern textbook that describes the development and the state of the art of resistivity and IP technology. The book provides deep insight into the theoretical fundamentals, and presents the breadth of application of these geophysical methods. Considering the wealth of information and the clearly arranged presentation, the textbook will be useful both for academic education and as a reference work for researchers and practitioners. This book will certainly inspire further research work and practical application of resistivity and IP methods.' Andreas Weller, Technische Universität ClausthalTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; List of symbols; 1. Introduction; 2. Electrical properties of the near surface Earth; 3. Instrumentation and laboratory measurements; 4. Field configuration and acquisition; 5. Forward and inverse modelling; 6. Case studies; 7. Future developments; Appendix A. Modelling tools; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis new edition of Six Simple Twists: The Pleat Pattern Approach to Origami Tessellation Design introduces an innovative pleat pattern technique for origami designs that is easily accessible to anyone who enjoys the geometry of paper. The book begins with six basic forms meant to ease the reader into the style, and then systematically scaffolds the instructions to build a strong understanding of the techniques, leading to instructions on a limitless number of patterns. It then describes a process of designing additional building blocks. At the end, what emerges is a fascinating artform that will enrich folders for many years. Unlike standard, project-based origami books, Six Simple Twists focuses on how to design, rather than construct. In this thoroughly updated second edition, the book explores new techniques and example tessellations, with full-page images, and mathematical analysis of the patterns. A reader will, through practice, gain the abiTrade Review"The second edition of Six Simple Twists is a marvelous expansion of the original; like the first edition it provides an introduction to the vast, wide world of origami twist tessellations, with a focus on those based on a hexagonal grid. Through copious and detailed photographs, he shows not just the structure, but how individual folds are actuated, and then how they may be combined in beautiful ways. An expanded selection of photographs of works by worldwide artists provides both inspiration and challenge for the budding tessellator and experienced artist alike."– Robert Lang, author of Origami Design Secrets: Mathematical Methods for an Ancient Art"In this wonderfully expanded new edition, Ben Parker not only describes the basic elements composing his intricate pleated paper artworks, he also unlocks their secrets and logic and teaches their molecules and several examples in a clear format, allowing the reader to create new folded patterns, through both practical and technical approaches!"– Alessandro Beber, author of Origami New Worlds"This new edition of Six Simple Twists is a tremendous expansion of the first edition. Through the thorough investigation of the foundational elements of origami tessellation, Ben has laid the groundwork for understanding design and application of geometry in paper. The second edition expands and refines the insights of the first with copious illustrations and examples, clear definitions and thought provoking exercises. For anyone fascinated by the geometry of origami, or even curious about place of origami in the field of geometry, this edition is absolutely necessary."– Joel Cooper, Origami artist"Ben's second edition is full to the brim with new and exciting insights into the craft and mechanisms of origami tessellations, extending the first edition by a couple hundred pages. He provides extensive explanations and deep insights into the maths behind the scenes and accompanies it with a plethora of projects for you to fold at home."– Peter Keller, Origami artist"As soon as we open the pages of this book, Benjamin DiLeonardo-Parker’s enthusiasm for the design and creation of origami tessellations is clear. The author reveals the patterns that can be formed by paper pleats and their combinations and demonstrates how by folding paper in different configurations the beautiful structures known as origami tessellations can be constructed. The author explains to his readers how to fold tessellations and encourages them to apply their learning to explore the subject to generate their own folding techniques and create their own designs, offering case studies to experiment with. The book is generously supplied with photographs and diagrams illustrating each step of the techniques, and a comprehensive glossary is provided. The author’s creativity and attention to detail are a delight. This second edition is a greatly expanded version of its predecessor [1], benefiting from more instruction in basic skills and pleat manipulation methods, enhanced illustration of the processes, a greater range of demonstrated patterns, an improved notation system, and further mathematical analysis of the behaviour of twists.[. . .] The thorough, detailed, methodical treatment of this subject will surely inspire readers of this book to try out the techniques for themselves, and to embark upon creating many of the tessellations described here, and, with experience gained, even attempting their own tessellation designs. I certainly feel encouraged to reach for some paper and get folding."– Dorothy Leddy, London Mathematical SocietyTable of ContentsPart I1.00 - Why Study Pleat Patterns?1.01 - Basics and Preparation1.02 - How Pleat Patterns Differ from Traditional Origami1.03 - How to Read the Diagrams and Fold Parity1.04 - Folding Uniform Parallel Creases1.05 - Grid Axes and How to Fold a Hexagon1.06 - How to Fold a Triangle Grid1.07 - Simple Pleat1.08 - The Six Simple Twists1.09 - Triangle Twist1.10 - Triangle Spread1.11 - Hex Twist1.12 - Hex Spread1.13 - Rhombic Twist1.14 - Arrow Twist1.15 - Anatomy of a Molecule1.16 - Pleat Intersection NotationPart II2.00 - How to Use the Six Simple Twists2.01 - 32nd’s Grid2.02 - Locking and Unlocking Pleats2.03 - Triangle Twist Tessellation2.04 - 3.6.3.6 Tessellation2.05 - Tessellation Basics2.06 - Applying Tessellation Knowledge Folding2.07 - Triangle Weave Tessellation2.08 - 3.6.3.6 Weave Tessellation2.09 - 6.6.6 Hexagonal Failing Cluster2.10 - Modifications2.11 - Backtwisting2.12 - Twist Handedness and Pleat Symmetry2.13 - Pleat Flattening2.14 - Triangle Twist Tessellation with Flattened Pleats2.15 - Hidden Circles Pattern2.16 - Rhombic Twist Tessellation2.17 - Rhombic Twist Variants2.18 - Twist Sinking2.19 - Twist Expansion2.20 - Nub Offset Tessellation2.21 - Shift Rosette Tessellation2.22 - Ridge Creation2.23 - Button Molecule 2.24 - Button Molecule Tessellation2.25 - Triangle Flagstone Tessellation and Offsetting Pleats2.26 - 3.6.3.6 Flagstone Tessellation2.27 - Crooked Split2.28 - Snowflake Tessellation2.29 - Tulip Split2.30 - Tulip Split Tessellation2.31 - Molecule Size and Different Grid Densities2.32 - “Front” and “Back” Sides2.33 - Tendril Tessellation2.34 - Inverting a Pleat2.35 - Iso-Area Triangle Twist Tessellation2.36. - Pleat Pushing2.37 - Platform Tess2.38 - Triple Twist TessPart III3.00 - Pleat Patterns as Artwork3.01 - Gallery3.02 - Pleat-to-Molecule Analysis3.03 - Twist Archetype Sets3.04 - Molecule Database3.05 - Archetype Composition3.06 - Actions and Notation3.07 - Splitting Equation3.08 - Normal Polygon Models3.09 - Circle Cutout Model3.10 - Molecule-to-Pleat Analysis3.11 - Sectioning Model of Perfect Twist Design3.12 - Brocard PointsFinal thoughtsPleat Notation Thoughts By Matthew BenetGlossary

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Book SynopsisThis fully revised and expanded volume is an effort to blend the common approaches to pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics. It integrates the principles held in common by both fields through a logical and systematic approach, which includes mathematical descriptions of physical and physiological processes employed in the approaches to pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics modeling. It emphasizes general principles and concepts and related, isolated applications and case study observations. The systematic compilation of mathematical concepts and methodologies allows readers to decide on relevant concepts and approaches for their research, scientific or regulatory decisions, or for offering advanced courses/workshops and seminars.Features: Comprehensive handbook on principles and applications of PK/TK appealing to a diverse audience including scientists and students An excellent text fully revised and fully updated for anyone interested in the theoretical andTable of Contents Chapter 1. Pharmacokinetics and Toxicokinetics. Chapter 2. PK-TK Conisderations of Auricular (Optic) - Buccal/Sublingual and Ocular/Ophthalmic Routes of Administration. Chapter 3. PK-TK Considerations of Nasal, Pulmonary and Oral Routes of Administration. Chapter 4. PK-TK Considerations of Intraarterial - Intramuscular Intraperitoneal - Intravenous - and Subcutaneous Routes of Administration. Chapter 5. PK-TK Considerations of Transdermal - Intradermal - and Intraepidermal Routes of Administration. Chapter 6. PK-TK Considerations of Rectal - Vaginal - Intraovarian Routes of Administration. Chapter 7. PK-TK Considerations of Absorption Mechanisms and Rate Equations. Chapter 8. PK-TK Considerations of Distribution Mechanisms and Rate Equations. Chapter 8. PK-TK Considerations of Metabolism Biotransformation of Xenobiotics Mechanisms and Rate Equations. Chapter 10. PK-TK Considerations of Renal Function and Elimination of Xenobiotics Estimation of Parameters and Constants. Chapter 11. Elimination Rates & Clearances (Excretion + Metabolism). Chapter 12. Approaches in PK-PD and TK-TD Mathematical Modeling. Chapter 13. Practical Applications of PK/TK Models Instantaneous Exposure to Xenobiotics Single Intravenous Bolus Injection. Chapter 14. Practical Applications of PK/TK Models Continuous Zero-Order Exposure to Xenobiotics Intravenous Infusion. Chapter 15. Practical Applications of PK/TK Models First-order Absorption via Extravascular Routes Oral Administration. Chapter 16. Practical Application of PK/TK Models Multiple Dosing Kinetics. Chapter 17. Biopharmaceutics Provisions, Dynamics, and Classifications Mechanistic Absorption Models. Chapter 18. Bioavailability, Bioequivalence and Biosimilarity. Chapter 19. Quantitative Extrapolations Cross-Species Extrapolation Low-Dose Extrapolation. Chapter 20. Practical Application of PK/TK Models Population Pharmacokinetics/Toxicokinetics. Chapter 21. Practical Application of PK/TK Models Preclinical PK/TK and Clinical Trials. Chapter 22. Adjustment of Dosage Regimen Renal Impairment, Liver Diseases, Pregnancy.

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Book SynopsisThis self-contained book addresses the underlying mathematical theory behind the reconstruction and analysis of phylogenies. The theory is grounded in classical concepts from discrete mathematics and probability theory as well as techniques from other branches of mathematics (algebra, topology, differential equations). The biological relevance of the results is highlighted throughout.

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