Mathematical logic Books

Book SynopsisAre you smarter than a Singaporean ten-year-old?Can you beat Sherlock Holmes?If you think the answer is yes - I challenge you to solve my problems. Here are 125 of the world's best brainteasers from the last two millennia, taking us from ancient China to medieval Europe, Victorian England to modern-day Japan, with stories of espionage, mathematical breakthroughs and puzzling rivalries along the way.Pit your wits against logic puzzles and kinship riddles, pangrams and river-crossing conundrums. Some solutions rely on a touch of cunning, others call for creativity, others need mercilessly logical thought. Some can only be solved be 2 per cent of the population. All are guaranteed to sharpen your mind. Let's get puzzling!

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Book SynopsisDerived from courses the author taught at Harvard and Johns Hopkins, this original book introduces the concepts of category theory ― categories, functors, natural transformations, the Yoneda lemma, limits and colimits, adjunctive, monads ― and other topics, revisiting a broad range of mathematical examples from the categorical perspective. Basic set theory and logic are the only prerequisites.

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Book SynopsisIn 1931 Kurt Godel published his fundamental paper, On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems. This revolutionary paper challenged certain basic assumptions underlying much research in mathematics and logic. The authors provide an explanation of the main ideas and broad implications of Godel's discovery.Trade ReviewA little masterpiece of exegesis. * Nature *An excellent nontechnical account of the substance of Gödel's celebrated paper. -- American Mathematical SocietyTable of ContentsContents Foreword to the New Edition by Douglas R. Hofstadter ix Acknowledgments xxiii i Introduction 1 ii The Problem of Consistency 7 iii Absolute Proofs of Consistency 25 iv The Systematic Codification of Formal Logic 37 v An Example of a Successful Absolute Proof of Consistency 45 vi The Idea of Mapping and Its Use in Mathematics 57 vii Godel's Proofs 68 a Godel numbering 68 b The arithmetization of meta-mathematics 80 c The heart of Godel's argument 92 viii Concluding Reflections 109 Appendix: Notes 114 Brief Bibliography 125 Index 127

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Book SynopsisI Wish They'd Taught Me That: Overlooked and Omitted Topics in Mathematics concerns the topics which every undergraduate mathematics student should know but has probably never encountered. These topics are not the ones which dominate every syllabus, but those magnificent secrets that are beautiful, useful and accessible but which are inexplicably hidden away from the mainstream curriculum. Each chapter of this book concerns a different topic which students will almost certainly be unfamiliar with. Written in a lively, conversational style, by the end of each section the reader should feel equipped with the knowledge to explore the area more fully elsewhere. Features Topics from a variety of areas of mathematics, including geometry, logic, analysis, algebra, numerical analysis, and topology Numerous examples, diagrams, and exercises Collections of resources where an interested reader can learn more about each topic Nontechnical introductions to each chapter.

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Book SynopsisFor thousands of years, mathematicians have used the timeless art of logic to see the world more clearly. In The Art of Logic, Royal Society Science Book Prize nominee Eugenia Cheng shows how anyone can think like a mathematician - and see, argue and think better. Learn how to simplify complex decisions without over-simplifying them. Discover the power of analogies and the dangers of false equivalences. Find out how people construct misleading arguments, and how we can argue back. Eugenia Cheng teaches us how to find clarity without losing nuance, taking a careful scalpel to the complexities of politics, privilege, sexism and dozens of other real-world situations. Her Art of Logic is a practical and inspiring guide to decoding the modern world.Trade ReviewMind-expanding ... a meaningful contribution to creating a better society as well as happier conversations and relationships * Guardian *A mathematician's thought-provoking attempt to lay out the tools of rational argument -- Michael Brooks * New Statesman Books of the Year *With humour, grace, and a natural gift for making explanations seem fun, Eugenia Cheng has done it again. This is a book to savour, to consult, and to buy for all your friends. You'll think more clearly after reading this book, something that is unfortunately in short supply these days. I am buying several copies to send to heads of state. -- Daniel Levitin, bestselling author of The Organised Mind & A Field Guide to Lies and StatisticsIn an era awash with conflict, exploitation, tribalism and fake news, the "illuminating precision" offered by logic is important. Cheng harnesses the power of abstraction to explore real-life phenomena such as sexism and white privilege. She walks us through the grand terrain of logic, from axioms to proofs. And she reveals how to build arguments as long chains of logical implications - a "virtuosic and masterful" skill that, combined with intelligent emotional engagement, can cut through pervasive irrationality * Nature *A perceptive analysis of logic and its limitations ... Cheng is successful not only in helping readers think more clearly, but in helping them understand why others sometimes appear to be illogical. This book has the potential to help understanding and avoid confrontational arguments that serve only to entrench opposing views * Times Higher Education *Radical and liberating * Emerald Street *We're thankful that someone like Eugenia Cheng is here; someone to eloquently and efficiently expound on concepts like logic and truth at a time when their very basis seems to come under attack ... We're forever on the lookout for someone to make mathematics both fun and accessible, and it looks like we've found that person in Eugenia Cheng * How it Works Magazine *A concert pianist, mathematician, polyglot and YouTube star, Cheng has carved out quite a niche for herself ... she brings an ebullient enthusiasm that's infectious * Guardian *Witty, charming, and crystal clear. Eugenia Cheng's enthusiasm and carefully chosen metaphors and analogies carry us effortlessly through the mathematical landscape -- Ian StewartClear, clever and friendly -- Alex Bellos

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Book SynopsisChallenge yourself at home with word and number puzzlesThe latest volume in the hugely popular Killer Su Doku series from The Times, featuring the highest-quality puzzles with an extra element of arithmetic.This addition to the successful Times Killer Su Doku series will test your skills to the limit, adding the challenge of arithmetic and taking Su Doku to a new and even deadlier level of difficulty.The puzzles use the same 9x9 grid as Su Doku but with an added mathematical challenge. The aim is not only to complete every row, column and cube so that it contains the numbers 1-9, it is also necessary to ensure that the outlined cubes add up to the same number as well.With 200 new Moderate, Tricky, Tough and Deadly Killer Su Doku puzzles, there is no chance to ease yourself in with simple puzzles. For those who like to live dangerously and pushbeyond their mental comfort zone, steel yourself for The Times'' next, terribly tough instalment.

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Book SynopsisAnother terrific book by Rob Eastaway' SIMON SINGHA delightfully accessible guide to how to play with numbers' HANNAH FRYHow many cats are there in the world?What''s the chance of winning the lottery twice?And just how long does it take to count to a million?Learn how to tackle tricky maths problems with nothing but the back of an envelope, a pencil and some good old-fashioned brain power.Join Rob Eastaway as he takes an entertaining look at how to figure without a calculator. Packed with amusing anecdotes, quizzes, and handy calculation tips for every situation, Maths on the Back of an Envelope is an invaluable introduction to the art of estimation, and a welcome reminder that sometimes our own brain is the best tool we have to deal with numbers.Trade Review‘A delightfully accessible guide to how to play with numbers’ – Dr Hannah Fry, author of Hello World and The Mathematics of Love ‘Put aside those calculators and computers, and find a pen and piece of paper! In a collection of riveting tips and examples, Eastaway shows us amazing short-cuts to get rough answers to important questions. I still find it remarkable that 16% of 25 is exactly the same as 25% of 16!’ – Professor Sir David Spiegelhalter, author of The Art of Statistics ‘Another terrific book by Rob Eastaway’ – Simon Singh ‘Packed with fun examples and fresh ideas. I thought I was on top of this subject, but I learned a lot’ – Tim Harford ‘A joyful primer about the lost art of calculating without a calculator’ – Guardian

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsContents Preface List of Symbols Chapter 1 Introduction Baby Set Theory Sets—An Informal View Classes Axiomatic Method Notation Historical Notes Chapter 2 Axioms and Operations Axioms Arbitrary Unions and Intersections Algebra of Sets Epilogue Review Exercises Chapter 3 Relations and Functions Ordered Pairs Relations n-Ary Relations Functions Infinite Cartesian Products Equivalence Relations Ordering Relations Review Exercises Chapter 4 Natural Numbers Inductive Sets Peano's Postulates Recursion on ? Arithmetic Ordering on ? Review Exercises Chapter 5 Construction of the Real Numbers Integers Rational Numbers Real Numbers Summaries Two Chapter 6 Cardinal Numbers and the Axiom of Choice Equinumerosity Finite Sets Cardinal Arithmetic Ordering Cardinal Numbers Axiom of Choice Countable Sets Arithmetic of Infinite Cardinals Continuum Hypothesis Chapter 7 Orderings and Ordinals Partial Orderings Well Orderings Replacement Axioms Epsilon-Images Isomorphisms Ordinal Numbers Debts Paid Rank Chapter 8 Ordinals and Order Types Transfinite Recursion Again Alephs Ordinal Operations Isomorphism Types Arithmetic of Order Types Ordinal Arithmetic Chapter 9 Special Topics Well-Founded Relations Natural Models Cofinality Appendix Notation, Logic, and Proofs Selected References for Further Study List of Axioms Index

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisThe Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) is now in its 18th year, and it is continuing to dominate corporate security budgets and resources. If you accept, process, transmit, or store payment card data branded by Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover, or JCB (or their affiliates and partners), you must comply with this lengthy standard.Personal data theft is at the top of the list of likely cybercrimes that modern-day corporations must defend against. In particular, credit or debit card data is preferred by cybercriminals as they can find ways to monetize it quickly from anywhere in the world. Is your payment processing secure and compliant? The new Fifth Edition of PCI Compliance has been revised to follow the new PCI DSS version 4.0, which is a complete overhaul to the standard. Also new to the Fifth Edition are: additional case studies and clear guidelines and instructions for maintaining PCI compliance globally, including coverage of technoTable of ContentsForeword. Acknowledgments. Authors. Chapter 1 About PCI DSS and This Book. Chapter 2 Introduction to Fraud, Identity Theft, and Related Regulatory Mandates. Chapter 3 Why Is PCI Here? Chapter 4 Determining and Reducing Your PCI Scope. Chapter 5 Building and Maintaining a Secure Network. Chapter 6 Strong Access Controls. Chapter 7 Protecting Cardholder Data. Chapter 8 Using Wireless Networking. Chapter 9 Vulnerability Management. Chapter 10 Logging Events and Monitoring the Cardholder Data Environment. Chapter 11 Cloud and Virtualization. Chapter 12 Mobile. Chapter 13 PCI for the Small Business. Chapter 14 PCI DSS for the Service Provider. Chapter 15 Managing a PCI DSS Project to Achieve Compliance. Chapter 16 Don’t Fear the Assessor. Chapter 17 The Art of Compensating Control. Chapter 18 You’re Compliant, Now What? Chapter 19 Emerging Technology and Alternative Payment Schemes. Chapter 20 PCI DSS Myths and Misconceptions. Chapter 21 Final Thoughts. Index by Requirement. Alphabetical Index.

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents0. Communicating Mathematics Learning Mathematics What Others Have Said About Writing Mathematical Writing Using Symbols Writing Mathematical Expressions Common Words and Phrases in Mathematics Some Closing Comments About Writing 1. Sets 1.1. Describing a Set 1.2. Subsets 1.3. Set Operations 1.4. Indexed Collections of Sets 1.5. Partitions of Sets 1.6. Cartesian Products of Sets Exercises for Chapter 1 2. Logic 2.1. Statements 2.2. The Negation of a Statement 2.3. The Disjunction and Conjunction of Statements 2.4. The Implication 2.5. More On Implications 2.6. The Biconditional 2.7. Tautologies and Contradictions 2.8. Logical Equivalence 2.9. Some Fundamental Properties of Logical Equivalence 2.10. Quantified Statements 2.11. Characterizations of Statements Exercises for Chapter 2 3. Direct Proof and Proof by Contrapositive 3.1. Trivial and Vacuous Proofs 3.2. Direct Proofs 3.3. Proof by Contrapositive 3.4. Proof by Cases 3.5. Proof Evaluations Exercises for Chapter 3 4. More on Direct Proof and Proof by Contrapositive 4.1. Proofs Involving Divisibility of Integers 4.2. Proofs Involving Congruence of Integers 4.3. Proofs Involving Real Numbers 4.4. Proofs Involving Sets 4.5. Fundamental Properties of Set Operations 4.6. Proofs Involving Cartesian Products of Sets Exercises for Chapter 4 5. Existence and Proof by Contradiction 5.1. Counterexamples 5.2. Proof by Contradiction 5.3. A Review of Three Proof Techniques 5.4. Existence Proofs 5.5. Disproving Existence Statements Exercises for Chapter 5 6. Mathematical Induction 6.1 The Principle of Mathematical Induction 6.2 A More General Principle of Mathematical Induction 6.3 Proof By Minimum Counterexample 6.4 The Strong Principle of Mathematical Induction Exercises for Chapter 6 7. Prove or Disprove 7.1 Conjectures in Mathematics 7.2 Revisiting Quantified Statements 7.3 Testing Statements Exercises for Chapter 7 8. Equivalence Relations 8.1 Relations 8.2 Properties of Relations 8.3 Equivalence Relations 8.4 Properties of Equivalence Classes 8.5 Congruence Modulo n 8.6 The Integers Modulo n Exercises for Chapter 8 9. Functions 9.1 The Definition of Function 9.2 The Set of All Functions from A to B 9.3 One-to-one and Onto Functions 9.4 Bijective Functions 9.5 Composition of Functions 9.6 Inverse Functions 9.7 Permutations Exercises for Chapter 9 10. Cardinalities of Sets 10.1 Numerically Equivalent Sets 10.2 Denumerable Sets 10.3 Uncountable Sets 10.4 Comparing Cardinalities of Sets 10.5 The Schröder-Bernstein Theorem Exercises for Chapter 10 11. Proofs in Number Theory 11.1 Divisibility Properties of Integers 11.2 The Division Algorithm 11.3 Greatest Common Divisors 11.4 The Euclidean Algorithm 11.5 Relatively Prime Integers 11.6 The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic 11.7 Concepts Involving Sums of Divisors Exercises for Chapter 11 12. Proofs in Calculus 12.1 Limits of Sequences 12.2 Infinite Series 12.3 Limits of Functions 12.4 Fundamental Properties of Limits of Functions 12.5 Continuity 12.6 Differentiability Exercises for Chapter 12 13. Proofs in Group Theory 1

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Book SynopsisFrom imaginary numbers to the fourth dimension and beyond, mathematics has always been about imagining things that seem impossible at first glance. In x+y, Eugenia Cheng draws on the insights of higher-dimensional mathematics to reveal a transformative new way of talking about the patriarchy, mansplaining and sexism: a way that empowers all of us to make the world a better place. Using precise mathematical reasoning to uncover everything from the sexist assumptions that make society a harder place for women to live to the limitations of science and statistics in helping us understand the link between gender and society, Cheng's analysis replaces confusion with clarity, brings original thinking to well worn arguments - and provides a radical, illuminating and liberating new way of thinking about the world and women's place in it.Trade ReviewA way of seeing this exhausting debate from a completely new angle ... bold and optimistic * Guardian *Compelling ... x+y provides useful new tools for change, for those - like me - involved in diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives. For those who are not yet involved, she sets out reasons to become so. And I'm a new fan of pure mathematics. Dr Cheng, can we be friends? * Nature *... a fascinating, disarmingly accessible read and a wonderful example of what academics should in general do much more of * Irish Times *Praise for The Art of Logic: 'Mind-expanding ... a meaningful contribution to creating a better society as well as happier conversations and relationships * Guardian *With humour, grace, and a natural gift for making explanations seem fun, Eugenia Cheng has done it again. You'll think more clearly after reading this book -- Daniel Levitin, bestselling author of The Organised Mind & A Field Guide to Lies and StatisticsRadical and liberating * Emerald Street *A perceptive analysis of logic and its limitations ... Cheng is successful not only in helping readers think more clearly, but in helping them understand why others sometimes appear to be illogical * Times Higher Education *

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Book SynopsisInfinity is a profoundly counter-intuitive and brain-twisting subject that has inspired some great thinkers - and provoked and shocked others.The ancient Greeks were so horrified by the implications of an endless number that they drowned the man who gave away the secret. And a German mathematician was driven mad by the repercussions of his discovery of transfinite numbers.Brian Clegg and Oliver Pugh's brilliant graphic tour of infinity features a cast of characters ranging from Archimedes and Pythagoras to al-Khwarizmi, Fibonacci, Galileo, Newton, Leibniz, Cantor, Venn, Gödel and Mandelbrot, and shows how infinity has challenged the finest minds of science and mathematics. Prepare to enter a world of paradox.

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Book SynopsisKeeping students involved and actively learning is challenging. Instructors in computer science are aware of the cognitive value of modelling puzzles and often use logical puzzles as an efficient pedagogical instrument to engage students and develop problem-solving skills. This unique book is a comprehensive resource that offers teachers and students fun activities to teach and learn logic. It provides new, complete, and running formalisation in Propositional and First Order Logic for over 130 logical puzzles, including Sudoku-like puzzles, zebra-like puzzles, island of truth, lady and tigers, grid puzzles, strange numbers, or self-reference puzzles. Solving puzzles with theorem provers can be an effective cognitive incentive to motivate students to learn logic. They will find a ready-to-use format which illustrates how to model each puzzle, provides running implementations, and explains each solution. This concise and easy-to-follow textbook is a much-needed support tool for students willing to explore beyond the introductory level of learning logic and lecturers looking for examples to heighten student engagement in their computer science courses. Trade Review“The purpose of this book is to introduce first-order logic (FOL) to newcomers. … The book is a treasure trove of puzzles like this. … All of these are motivated in an approachable, fun way. … the book is a hands-on guide to Prover9 and Mace4 … . It is quite valuable to have so many puzzles in a single book.” (Jesse Adam Alama, Mathematical Reviews, October, 2022)Table of ContentsPreface.- Getting Started with Prover9 and Mace4.- Micro Arithmetic Puzzles.- Strange Numbers.- Practical Puzzles.- Lady and Tigers.- Einstein Puzzles.- Island of Truth.- Love and Marriage.- Grid Puzzles.- Japanese Puzzles.- Russian Puzzles.- Polyomino Puzzles.- Self-reference and Other Puzzles.- Epigraph in Natural Language

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Book SynopsisThe latest volume in the hugely popular Killer Su Doku series from The Times, featuring the highest-quality puzzles with an extra element of arithmetic.This addition to the successful Times Killer Su Doku series will test your skills to the limit, adding the challenge of arithmetic and taking Su Doku to a new and even deadlier level of difficulty.The puzzles use the same 9x9 grid as Su Doku but with an added mathematical challenge. The aim is not only to complete every row, column and cube so that it contains the numbers 1-9, it is also necessary to ensure that the outlined cubes add up to the same number as well.With 200 new Moderate, Tricky, Tough and Deadly Killer Su Doku puzzles, there is no chance to ease yourself in with simple puzzles. For those who like to live dangerously and push beyond their mental comfort zone, steel yourself for The Times'' next, terribly tough instalment.

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Book SynopsisAn introduction to applying predicate logic to testing and verification of software and digital circuits that focuses on applications rather than theory.Computer scientists use logic for testing and verification of software and digital circuits, but many computer science students study logic only in the context of traditional mathematics, encountering the subject in a few lectures and a handful of problem sets in a discrete math course. This book offers a more substantive and rigorous approach to logic that focuses on applications in computer science. Topics covered include predicate logic, equation-based software, automated testing and theorem proving, and large-scale computation. Formalism is emphasized, and the book employs three formal notations: traditional algebraic formulas of propositional and predicate logic; digital circuit diagrams; and the widely used partially automated theorem prover, ACL2, which provides an accessible introduction to mechanized formalism

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Book SynopsisThird edition of popular undergraduate-level text offers historic overview, readable treatment of mathematics before Euclid, Euclid's Elements, non-Euclidean geometry, algebraic structure, formal axiomatics, sets, more. Problems, some with solutions. Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the critical intersection of human behaviour, cybersecurity, and the transformative potential of quantum technologies. It delves into the vulnerabilities and resilience of human intelligence in the face of cyber threats, examining how cognitive biases, social dynamics, and mental health can be exploited in the digital age.Cybersecurity 2050: Protecting Humanity in a Hyper-Connected World explores the cutting-edge applications of quantum computing in cybersecurity, discussing the efficiency of quantum security algorithms on Earth and over space communications such as those needed to inhabit Mars. The challenges and opportunities of human life on extraterrestrial worlds, such as Mars, will further shape the evolution of human intelligence. The isolated and confined environment of a Martian habitat, coupled with the reliance on advanced technologies for survival, will demand new forms of adaptability, resilience, and social cooperation. The author addresses the imminent revolution in cybersecurity regulations and transforms the attention of bright minds of businesses and policymakers for the challenges and opportunities of quantum advancements. This book attempts to bridge the gap between social intelligence and cybersecurity, offering a holistic and nuanced understanding of these interconnected domains. Through real-world case studies, the author provides practical insights and strategies for adapting to the evolving technological landscape and building a more secure digital future.This book is intended for futuristic minds, computer engineers, policymakers, or regulatory experts interested in the implications of the revolution of human intelligence on cybersecurity laws and regulations. It will be of interest to cybersecurity professionals and researchers looking for a historic and comprehensive understanding of the evolving landscape, including social intelligence, quantum computing and algorithm design.

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Book SynopsisUncover the language of our universe - numbers - in this wide-ranging whistle-stop tour of the history and majesty of mathematics.Our world simply wouldn't function if we didn't have numbers. But where do they come from? Why do we cut cake the wrong way? How can there be different sizes of infinity?All these questions and more are answered in this engaging romp through the history of numbers by acclaimed science writer, Colin Stuart. From the mathematicians who have (and haven't) shouted 'Eureka!' to the theories that affect and inform our everyday lives; Numbers shows us that maths was never boring - we were just being taught it in the wrong way.Consisting of ten bite-sized essays, there's no better guide to this fundamental science.

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Book SynopsisThis is a concise book that introduces students to the basics of logical thinking and important mathematical structures that are critical for a solid understanding of logical formalisms themselves as well as for building the necessary background to tackle other fields that are based on these logical principles. Despite its compact and small size, it includes many solved problems and quite a few end-of-section exercises that will help readers consolidate their understanding of the material.This textbook is essential reading for anyone interested in the logical foundations of Informatics, Computer Science, Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, and other related areas. Written with undergraduate students in these disciplines in mind, this book can very well serve the needs of interested and curious readers who wish to get a grasp of the logical principles upon which these fields are built. This book does not require readers to possess math skills beyond those learned in high school.

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Book SynopsisA Waterstones Best Popular Science Book of 2023'Delightfully clear and vivid to read...A splendid book! Philip Pullman'Absolutely fascinating' James O'Brien'An exceptional book - readable, funny and more needed than ever' Dr Chris van Tulleken, bestselling author of Ultra-Processed PeopleAre you more likely to become a professional footballer if your surname is Ball?· How can you be one hundred per cent sure you will win a bet?· Why did so many Pompeiians stay put while Mount Vesuvius was erupting?· How do you prevent a nuclear war?Ever since the dawn of human civilisation, we have been trying to make predictions about what's in store for us. We do this on a personal level, so that we can get on with our lives efficiently (should I hang my laundry out to dry, or will it rain?). But we also have to predict on a much larger scale, often for the good of our broader society (how can we spot economic downturns or prevent terrorist attacks?). For just as long, we have been getting it wrong. From religious oracles to weather forecasters, and from politicians to economists, we are subjected to poor predictions all the time. Our job is to separate the good from the bad. Unfortunately, the foibles of our own biology - the biases that ultimately make us human - can let us down when it comes to making rational inferences about the world around us. And that can have disastrous consequences.How to Expect the Unexpected will teach you how and why predictions go wrong, help you to spot phony forecasts and give you a better chance of getting your own predictions correct.Trade ReviewA vivid, wide-ranging and delightful guide to the light and the dark side of prediction * Tim Harford, bestselling author of How to Make the World Add Up *Kit Yates presents maths as it should be taught to everyone: accessible, fun, stimulating, and deeply relevant to our lives. Spend some time with this book and you're likely to make better judgements and decisions, to see through the charlatans and snake-oil salespeople - and perhaps even to fool yourself a little less. * Philip Ball, author of the award-winning Critical Mass *Fascinating and fun. From the everyday to global challenges, Kit Yates explores how changing your mind - so often thought to be a weakness - is the best life skill we can all acquire. A brilliant book * Professor Alice Roberts *Yates' writing is a beacon of clarity sorely needed in a complicated and confusing world. How do we overcome our biases, understand coincidences or tackle the unreliability of our intuition? With bountiful familiar examples, he effortlessly overturns so many of our deep-rooted wrong-headed notions gently and persuasively. I'll be quoting from this book * Jim Al-Khalili *I'm a Yates fan. His style is all-clarity-no-bullshit * Aperiodical *Seriously good * Caroline Lucas MP *Absolutely fascinating * James O'Brien *An exceptional book - readable, funny and more needed than ever * Dr Chris van Tulleken, bestselling author of Ultra-Processed People *Yates' writing style imbues the subjects covered with an infectious enthusiasm, artfully dispelling the dry, stuffy perceptions many people have of maths * Physics World *HOW TO EXPECT THE UNEXPECTED is fascinating and (very much to the point) delightfully clear and vivid to read. Like many people, I like reading about maths without actually knowing how to do it, and part of the pleasure of reading this came from its many examples from everyday life. A splendid book! * Philip Pullman *

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Book SynopsisIn this entertaining and challenging collection of logic puzzles, Raymond Smullyan-author of Forever Undecided-continues to delight and astonish us with his gift for making available, in the thoroughly pleasurable form of puzzles, some of the most important mathematical thinking of our time.Table of ContentsPART I - LOGIC PUZZLES; PART II - KNIGHTS, KNAVES, AND THE FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH; PART III - TO MOCK A MOCKINGBIRD; PART IV - SINGING BIRDS; PART V - THE MASTER FOREST; PART VI - THE GRAND QUESTION

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Book Synopsis500 number and logic puzzles to test your mental agility with this collection from the MindGames section of The Times, featuring 7 different types of puzzle challenge.The perfect gift for all number and logic puzzle enthusiasts who are looking for a varied challengeThis collection contains the favourites Suko, Brain Trainer, Cell Blocks, Futoshiki, Kakuro, Set Square and KenKen, all from the Times puzzles section.

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Book SynopsisWhen we learn, we change what we believe and how we interact with the world. This changes who we are as people and what we can achieve.Many people grow up being told they are not a maths person' or perhaps not smart'. They come to believe their potential is limited.Now, however, the latest science has revealed that our identities are constantly in flux; when we learn new things, we can change our identities, increase our potential and broaden our capacity to receive new information.Drawing from the latest research, Professor Boaler followed thousands of school students, studied their learning practices and examined the most effective ways to transform pupils from low to high achievers. Throughout her study, Boaler has collaborated with Stanford University neuroscience experts, harnessing their expertise to reinforce her advanced understanding of learning and educational development.In Limitless Mind, Boaler presents original groundbreaking research that proves that limiting beliefs rea

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Book SynopsisThe transition from school mathematics to university mathematics is seldom straightforward. Students are faced with a disconnect between the algorithmic and informal attitude to mathematics at school, versus a new emphasis on proof, based on logic, and a more abstract development of general concepts, based on set theory. The authors have many years'' experience of the potential difficulties involved, through teaching first-year undergraduates and researching the ways in which students and mathematicians think. The book explains the motivation behind abstract foundational material based on students'' experiences of school mathematics, and explicitly suggests ways students can make sense of formal ideas.This second edition takes a significant step forward by not only making the transition from intuitive to formal methods, but also by reversing the process- using structure theorems to prove that formal systems have visual and symbolic interpretations that enhance mathematical thinking. This is exemplified by a new chapter on the theory of groups. While the first edition extended counting to infinite cardinal numbers, the second also extends the real numbers rigorously to larger ordered fields. This links intuitive ideas in calculus to the formal epsilon-delta methods of analysis. The approach here is not the conventional one of ''nonstandard analysis'', but a simpler, graphically based treatment which makes the notion of an infinitesimal natural and straightforward. This allows a further vision of the wider world of mathematical thinking in which formal definitions and proof lead to amazing new ways of defining, proving, visualising and symbolising mathematics beyond previous expectations.Trade ReviewThe writing is both rigorous and thorough, and the authors use compact presentations to support their explanations and proofs. Highly recommended. * N. W. Schillow, CHOICE *Table of ContentsI: THE INTUITIVE BACKGROUND; II: THE BEGINNINGS OF FORMALISATION; III: THE DEVELOPMENT OF AXIOMATIC SYSTEMS; IV: USING AXIOMATIC SYSTEMS; V: STRENGTHENING THE FOUNDATIONS

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Book SynopsisCategory theory is a branch of abstract algebra with incredibly diverse applications. This text and reference book is aimed not only at mathematicians, but also researchers and students of computer science, logic, linguistics, cognitive science, philosophy, and any of the other fields in which the ideas are being applied. Containing clear definitions of the essential concepts, illuminated with numerous accessible examples, and providing full proofs of all important propositions and theorems, this book aims to make the basic ideas, theorems, and methods of category theory understandable to this broad readership. Although assuming few mathematical pre-requisites, the standard of mathematical rigour is not compromised. The material covered includes the standard core of categories; functors; natural transformations; equivalence; limits and colimits; functor categories; representables; Yoneda''s lemma; adjoints; monads. An extra topic of cartesian closed categories and the lambda-calculus is also provided - a must for computer scientists, logicians and linguists!This Second Edition contains numerous revisions to the original text, including expanding the exposition, revising and elaborating the proofs, providing additional diagrams, correcting typographical errors and, finally, adding an entirely new section on monoidal categories. Nearly a hundred new exercises have also been added, many with solutions, to make the book more useful as a course text and for self-study.Trade ReviewThe book is well organised and very well written. The presentation of the material is from the concrete to the abstract, proofs are worked out in detail and the examples and the exercises spread throughout the text mark a pleasant rhythm for its reading. In all, Awodey's Category Theory is a very nice and recommendable introduction to the subject. * Pere Pascual, EMS Newsletter *Table of ContentsPreface ; 1. Categories ; 2. Abstract Structures ; 3. Duality ; 4. Groups and Categories ; 5. Limits and Colimits ; 6. Exponentials ; 7. Naturality ; 8. Categories of Diagrams ; 9. Adjoints ; 10. Monads and Algrebras ; References ; Solutions to Selected Exercises ; Index

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Book SynopsisA classic exposition of a branch of mathematical logic that uses category theory, this text is suitable for advanced undergraduates and graduate students and accessible to both philosophically and mathematically oriented readers. Robert Goldblatt is Professor of Pure Mathematics at New Zealand''s Victoria University. 1983 edition.

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Book SynopsisThis bestselling textbook for higher-level courses was extensively revised in 1990 to accommodate developments in model theoretic methods. Topics include models constructed from constants, ultraproducts, and saturated and special models. 1990 edition.

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Book SynopsisComprehensive overview, suitable for advanced undergraduates and graduate students, covers propositional logic; first-order languages and logic; incompleteness, undecidability, and indefinability; recursive functions; computability; and Hilbert's Tenth Problem. 1995 edition.

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Book SynopsisThis book has enjoyed considerable use and appreciation during its first four editions. With hundreds of students having learned out of early editions, the author continues to find ways to modernize and maintain a unique presentation.What sets the book apart is the excellent writing style, exposition, and unique and thorough sets of exercises. This edition offers a more instructive preface to assist instructors on developing the course they prefer. The prerequisites are more explicit and provide a roadmap for the course. Sample syllabi are included.As would be expected in a fifth edition, the overall content and structure of the book are sound.This new edition offers a more organized treatment of axiomatics. Throughout the book, there is a more careful and detailed treatment of the axioms of set theory. The rules of inference are more carefully elucidated.Additional new features include: An emphasis on the art of proof. Enhanced number theory chapter presents some easily accessible but still-unsolved problems. These include the Goldbach conjecture, the twin prime conjecture, and so forth. The discussion of equivalence relations is revised to present reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity before we define equivalence relations. The discussion of the RSA cryptosystem in Chapter 8 is expanded. The author introduces groups much earlier. Coverage of group theory, formerly in Chapter 11, has been moved up; this is an incisive example of an axiomatic theory. Recognizing new ideas, the author has enhanced the overall presentation to create a fifth edition of this classic and widely-used textbook.

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Book SynopsisThis book, for a first undergraduate course in Discrete Mathematics, systematically exploits the relationship between discrete mathematics and computer programming. Unlike most discrete mathematics texts focusing on one of the other, the book explores the rich and important connection between these two disciplines and shows how each discipline reinforces and enhances the other.The mathematics in the book is self-contained, requiring only a good background in precalculus and some mathematical maturity. New mathematical topics are introduced as needed.The coding language used is VBA Excel. The language is easy to learn, has intuitive commands, and the reader can develop interesting programs from the outset. Additionally, the spreadsheet platform in Excel makes for convenient and transparent data input and output and provides a powerful venue for complex data manipulation. Manipulating data is greatly simpli?ed using spreadsheet features and visualizing the data can makeTable of Contents1. Introduction. 2. VBA Operators. 3. Conditional Statements. 4. Loops, 5. Arrays. 6. String Functions. 7. Grids. 8. Recursion. 9. Charts and Graphs, 10. Random Numbers. 11. Linear Equations. 12. Linear Programming. 13. Matrix Algebra. 14. Determinants. 15. Propositional Logic. 16. Switching Circuits. 17. Gates and Logic Circuits. 18. Sets. 19. Counting. 20. Probability. 21. Random Variables. 22. Markov Chains. 23. Divisibility and Prime Numbers. 24. Congruence. 25. The Enigma Machine. 26. Large Numbers.

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Book SynopsisParabola is a mathematics magazine published by UNSW, Sydney. Among other things, each issue of Parabola has contained a collection of puzzles/problems, on various mathematical topics and at a suitable level for younger (but mathematically sophisticated) readers.Parabolic Problems: 60 Years of Mathematical Puzzles in Parabola collects the very best of almost 1800 problems and puzzles into a single volume. Many of the problems have been re-mastered, and new illustrations have been added. Topics covered range across geometry, number theory, combinatorics, logic, and algebra. Solutions are provided to all problems, and a chapter has been included detailing some frequently useful problem-solving techniques, making this a fabulous resource for education and, most importantly, fun!Features Hundreds of diverting and mathematically interesting problems and puzzles. Accessible for anyone with a high school-level mathematics educati

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Book SynopsisMathematical Foundations of Blockchains is a two-volume work on blockchains. Blockchain is a novel paradigm for a distributed ledger. Volume 1 is on the fundamentals of blockchains and consists of an overview of blockchains, essential elements of blockchains, and the mathematics required for understanding the workings of blockchains. Volume 2 develops mathematical models to enhance the understanding of blockchains.This work can be used by students of electrical engineering, computer science, applied mathematics, and economics. Students in business school can also benefit. It can also be used by professionals and researchers in the field who would like a quick review of the basics of the subject.

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Book SynopsisThe language of 8-categories provides an insightful new way of expressing many results in higher-dimensional mathematics but can be challenging for the uninitiated. To explain what exactly an 8-category is requires various technical models, raising the question of how they might be compared. To overcome this, a model-independent approach is desired, so that theorems proven with any model would apply to them all. This text develops the theory of 8-categories from first principles in a model-independent fashion using the axiomatic framework of an 8-cosmos, the universe in which 8-categories live as objects. An 8-cosmos is a fertile setting for the formal category theory of 8-categories, and in this way the foundational proofs in 8-category theory closely resemble the classical foundations of ordinary category theory. Equipped with exercises and appendices with background material, this first introduction is meant for students and researchers who have a strong foundation in classical 1-category theory.Trade Review'The book of Riehl and Verity is altogether a pedagogical introduction, a unified presentation and a foundation of higher category theory. The theory of ∞-cosmoi is an elegant way of organising and developing the subject. The extension of category theory to ∞-categories is by itself a miracle, vigorously presented in the book.' André Joyal, Université du Québec à Montréal'Emily and Dom have done what many thought impossible: they have written an introductory text on a model-independent approach to higher category theory. This self-contained text is ideal for both end-users and architects of higher category theory. Every page is bursting at the seams with gorgeous insights and the refreshingly candid delight the authors take in their subject.' Clark Barwick, University of Edinburgh'This remarkable book starts with the premise that it should be possible to study ∞-categories armed only with the tools of 2-category theory. It is the result of the authors' decade-long collaboration, and they have poured into it all their experience, technical brilliance, and expository skill. I'm sure I'll be turning to it for many years to come.' Steve Lack, Macquarie UniversityTable of ContentsPart I. Basic ∞-Category Theory: 1. ∞-Cosmoi and their homotopy 2-categories; 2. Adjunctions, limits, and colimits I; 3. Comma ∞-categories; 4. Adjunctions, limits, and colimits II; 5. Fibrations and Yoneda's lemma; 6. Exotic ∞-cosmoi; Part II. The Calculus of Modules: 7. Two-sided fibrations and modules; 8. The calculus of modules; 9. Formal category theory in a virtual equipment; Part III. Model Independence: 10. Change-of-model functors; 11. Model independence; 12. Applications of model independence.

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Book SynopsisUsing a unique pedagogical approach, this text introduces mathematical logic by guiding students in implementing the underlying logical concepts and mathematical proofs via Python programming. This approach, tailored to the unique intuitions and strengths of the ever-growing population of programming-savvy students, brings mathematical logic into the comfort zone of these students and provides clarity that can only be achieved by a deep hands-on understanding and the satisfaction of having created working code. While the approach is unique, the text follows the same set of topics typically covered in a one-semester undergraduate course, including propositional logic and first-order predicate logic, culminating in a proof of Gödel''s completeness theorem. A sneak peek to Gödel''s incompleteness theorem is also provided. The textbook is accompanied by an extensive collection of programming tasks, code skeletons, and unit tests. Familiarity with proofs and basic proficiency in Python is assumed.Trade Review'The authors transformed the first course in Mathematical Logic – an experience that many students view as daunting and technical – into an inspiring journey that sails playfully yet rigorously from logic's first principles to Gödel's Completeness Theorem. The secret sauce is making progress by writing many little Python programs instead of proving theorems, a hands-on approach that suits computer science students perfectly.' Shimon Schocken, Reichman University'Mathematical logic is all about expressions and syntactic operations, and many of its best ideas find a natural home in computer science. Gonczarowski and Nisan make the subject come alive by opening it up to computational implementation and exploration.' Jeremy Avigad, Carnegie Mellon University'Mathematical Logic through Python offers a refreshingly innovative approach that makes it stand out among several excellent books on mathematical logic. By building on readers' experience and intuition through programming, it naturally provides them with a deep understanding of the fundamental concepts of mathematical logic that underly computer science.' Yoram Moses, Technion - Israel Institute of TechnologyTable of ContentsPreface; Introduction and Overview; Part I. Propositional Logic: 1. Propositional Logic Syntax; 2. Propositional Logic Semantics; 3. Logical Operators; 4. Proof by Deduction; 5. Working with Proofs; 6. The Tautology Theorem and the Completeness of Propositional Logic; Part II. Predicate Logic: 7. Predicate Logic Syntax and Semantics; 8. Getting Rid of Functions and Equality; 9. Deductive Proofs of Predicate Logic Formulas; 10. Working with Predicate Logic Proofs; 11. The Deduction Theorem and Prenex Normal Form; 12. The Completeness Theorem; 13. Sneak Peek at Mathematical Logic II: Godel's Incompleteness Theorem; Cheatsheet Axioms and Axiomatic Inference Rules Used in this Book; Notes; Index.

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Book SynopsisMany believe mathematics is only about calculations, formulas, numbers, and strange letters. But mathematics is much more than just crunching numbers or manipulating symbols. Mathematics is about discovering patterns, uncovering hidden structures, finding counterexamples, and thinking logically. Mathematics is a way of thinking. It is an activity that is both highly creative and challenging. This book offers an introduction to mathematical reasoning for beginning university or college students, providing a solid foundation for further study in mathematics, computer science, and related disciplines. Written in a manner that directly conveys the sense of excitement and discovery at the heart of doing science, its 25 short and visually appealing chapters cover the basics of set theory, logic, proof methods, combinatorics, graph theory, and much more. In the book you will, among other things, find answers to: What is a proof? What is a counterexample? What does it mean to say that something follows logically from a set of premises? What does it mean to abstract over something? How can knowledge and information be represented and used in calculations? What is the connection between Morse code and Fibonacci numbers? Why could it take billions of years to solve Hanoi's Tower? Logical Methods is especially appropriate for students encountering such concepts for the very first time. Designed to ease the transition to a university or college level study of mathematics or computer science, it also provides an accessible and fascinating gateway to logical thinking for students of all disciplines.Trade Review"The definitions are followed by examples to help explain their meaning, along with counterexamples ... . Therefore, very little basic knowledge is required for this introduction to logical methods ... which is written in an accessible style ... . contained in the book are several hundred small figures; arrow, Venn, and Hasse diagrams; and simplifies visual representations ... . The author has also elected to use color to draw the reader's attention ... ." “From personal teaching experience, knowledge of these mathematical areas is necessary for disparate fields of CS and informatics. These foundations are needed for many fields, from database theory to various domains of information systems applications. The book’s presentation of topics and incentives for problem-solving, along with its exercises, is very useful for university-level instructors and students. The compact chapters contain clear explanations, diagrams, and brief descriptions of interesting facts.” (Bálint Molnár, Computing Reviews, July 27, 2021)Table of ContentsPreface.- 0 The Art of Thinking Abstractly and Mathematically.- 1 Basic Set Theory.- 2 Propositional Logic.- 3 Semantics from Propositional Logic.- 4 Concepts in Propositional Logic.- 5 Proofs, Conjectures, and Counterexamples.- 6 Relations.- 7 Functions.- 8 A Little More Set Theory.- 9 Closures and Inductively Defined Sets.- 10 Recursively Defined Functions.- 11 Mathematical Induction.- 12 Structural Induction.- 13 First-Order Languages.- 14 Representation of Quantified Statements.- 15 Interpretation in Models.- 16 Reasoning About Models.- 17 Abstraction with Equivalences and Partitions.- 18 Combinatorics.- 19 A Little More Combinatorics.- 20 A Bit of Abstract Algebra.- 21 Graph Theory.- 22 Walks in Graphs.- 23 Formal Languages and Grammars.- 24 Natural Deduction.- The Road Ahead.- Index. Symbols.

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Book SynopsisLogic is often perceived as having little to do with the rest of philosophy, and even less to do with real life. In this lively and accessible introduction, Graham Priest shows how wrong this conception is. He explores the philosophical roots of the subject, explaining how modern formal logic deals with issues ranging from the existence of God and the reality of time to paradoxes of probability and decision theory. Along the way, the basics of formal logic are explained in simple, non-technical terms, showing that logic is a powerful and exciting part of modern philosophy. In this new edition Graham Priest expands his discussion to cover the subjects of algorithms and axioms, and proofs in mathematics.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.Table of ContentsPREFACE TO SECOND EDITION; PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION; GLOSSARY; PROBLEMS; PROBLEM SOLUTIONS; BIBLIOGRAPHY; GENERAL INDEX

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Book SynopsisThere's so much talk about the threat posed by intelligent machines that it sometimes seems as though we should surrender to our robot overlords. But Junaid Mubeen isn't ready to throw in the towel just yet. As far as he is concerned, we have the creative edge over machines, because of a remarkable system of thought that humans have developed over the millennia. It's familiar to us all, but often badly taught in schools and misrepresented in popular discourse - maths. Computers are, of course, brilliant at totting up sums, pattern-seeking and performing mindless tasks of, well, computation. For all things calculation, machines reign supreme. But Junaid identifies seven areas of intelligence where humans can retain a crucial edge. And in exploring these areas, he opens up a fascinating world where we can develop our uniquely human mathematical superpowers.

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Book SynopsisAn Introduction to Proof Theory provides an accessible introduction to the theory of proofs, with details of proofs worked out and examples and exercises to aid the reader's understanding.Table of ContentsPreface 1 Introduction 2 Axiomatic calculi 3 Natural deduction 4 Normal deductions 5 The sequent calculus 6 The cut-elimination theorem 7 The consistency of arithmetic 8 Constructive ordinals and induction 9 The consistency of arithmetic, continued Appendices: A The Greek alphabet B Set-theoretic notation C Axioms, rules, and theorems of axiomatic calculi D Exercises on axiomatic derivations E Natural deduction F Sequent calculus G Outline of the cut elimination theorem

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Book Synopsis'Oxford Logic Guide provides comprehensive coverage of a new research area in algebra and model theory. Model theoretical and group theoretical notions are explained in detail, and almost all the known results in the area are included. Aimed at the needs of the graduate student, there are many exercises (with hints) and carefully chosen examples.Table of Contents1. Basic Group Theory ; 2. Definability ; 3. Interpretability ; 4. Ranked Universe ; 5. Basic Properties ; 6. Nilpotent Groups ; 7. Semisimple Groups ; 8. Fields and Rings ; 9. Solvable Groups ; 10. 2-Sylow Theory ; 11. Permutation Groups ; 12. Gepometrics ; 13. bad Groups ; 14. CN and CIT-Groups ; A. Miscellaneous Results ; B. Open Problems ; C. Link with Model Theory ; D. Hints to the Exercises ; Bibliography ; Index

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