Materials science Books

Book SynopsisThis book examines and systematises knowledge concerning porous glass materials. Different volumes of pores and the methods of directly synthesising the glass with predefined sizes are discussed as well. Likewise, the primary approaches on determining parameters of porous structures are a topic of interest within this text. A separate chapter is devoted to properties of porous glass; these include optical, electrical, sensor and transport of it and its materials. Authors provide practical recommendations based on their experience with synthesis as well as handling and applying this specific glass.

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Book SynopsisThe authors of this book discuss the latest advances in materials science research. The chapters include a discussion on a mathematical model used to study the behavior of piezoelectric materials and its applications in energy harvesting; the highly reactive etchant gas, chlorine trifluoride, and its applications relating to the silicon carbide (SiC) device process; the rheological properties and structure of poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC)/plasticizer systems; a comprehensive review of ultrafine grained TiNi-based SMAs presented in terms of processing techniques, microstructure evolution, thermo-mechanical properties, biocompatibility and applications; and a chapter on the properties of silk/lyocell blended fabrics and the applications of selected functional finishes.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the most recent developments in the field of materials science, with chapters focused on advances in thermoluminescence research; a new structural explanation for plastic deformation behavior, including yielding and necking, using in situ Raman spectroscopy to investigate the uniaxial drawing and stress relaxation processes; an examination of the fast pyrolysis of woody biomass carried out with and without a zeolite catalyst; a review of proposals that have been made for the assessment of geologic materials in relation to their contribution to external gamma dose radiation; a comprehensive summary of practical X-ray analysis applied to the study of welding fluxes at high temperatures; and state-of-the-art research on calcium orthophosphate-containing biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials suitable for biomedical applications.

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Book SynopsisThe aim of this monography is to summarise the fundamentals and technical approaches in the processing and behavior of nanostructured materials in the textile industry, to provide a comprehensive assessment of exciting opportunities for diversification in the textile industry, upgrading the existing functions and performance of textile materials, developing smart and intelligent textiles with unprecedented functions. This book mainly focuses on zinc oxide architectures with regard to their syntheses, characteristics and responses to environmental factors (UV radiation, water and water vapors, and heat, under controlled laboratory conditions). Several new concepts and models are introduced by synthesising ZnO nano and bulk (micron) powders using simple and facile methods. Two new ZnO nanostructures are discovered and analysed. In addition, the monography was oriented in achieving a textile nanocomposite with a surface architecture allowing blocking/fixing/adhesion of different guest compounds, resulting in different properties like: water repellence/washing resistance, antimicrobial activity, photoprotection, etc.)

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive review of recent advances in materials science research. The chapters included in this volume are conductive composites as versatile substrates for modeling of interfaces and sensors; the use of fiber reinforced polymers to improve load carrying capacity of damaged concrete; functionally graded materials in dentistry; electrochemical synthesis and characterization of electroactive copolymers deriving from five-ring with six-ring aromatic compounds and their perspectives for cost-effective optoelectronic applications; structural health monitoring of composite aircraft; semiconductor nanomaterials for water splitting; dendrimer and its role for the advancement of nanotechnology and bioengineering; parametric identification of nonlinear model of hydrogen thermal desorption from structural materials; testing 1D ternary photonic band gap material structure for use in temperature unstable environments; the effect of temperature variation on transmission properties of 1D photonic band gap material structure and random multilayer structure; and altering spectrum tuning capability, and temperature sensitivity in 1D ternary photonic band gap material structures.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the latest developments in materials science research. Topics covered include research on the main achievements, drawbacks and applicable scope of two-dimensional layered crystals; polyethylene/sepiolite nanocomposites; the development of ultrasonic signal processing techniques for the testing of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP); analytical techniques for the characterization of historical building materials; precise damage diagnosis as a vital element in stone conservation and sustainable monument preservation; various methods developed for the synthesis and applications of zeolitic materials; a novel tool for tuning optical properties and a review of the importance of pure iron nanophase powders and its various applications.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents research on superconductivity. The first chapter discusses the physical properties of two nonmagnetic noncentrosymmetric superconductors, LaRhSi3 and LaIrSi3. Chapter two reviews the SrFe2As2 and FeTe0.8S0.2 compounds, which are perspective for developing new superconducting materials on their basis. The possibility of selective excitation of the nonlinear lattice vibrations in high-temperature superconductors formed from layers or thin films opens the new perspectives in the manipulations and control of quantum field in superconducting phase, which is further discussed in chapter three. Chapter four begins with a detailed derivation of the three coupled integral equations associated with the so-called generalised Bose-Einstein condensation formalism of a many-fermion system. Finally, chapter five proposes a microscopic theory of superconductivity based on the spinfluctuation mechanism of pairing.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the latest developments in materials science research. Topics covered include calcium orthophosphate bioceramics; eco-friendly epoxy thermosets; polymer materials for advanced optical applications; Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies of metal-hydrogen systems for hydrogen storage; and the characterisation and properties of bitumen/montmorillonite nanocomposites.

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Book SynopsisThis book is concerned with heavy metals, which are considered to be the most hazardous pollutants present in the water system. Heavy metals are extensively studied and their effects on human health are reviewed here. Although several adverse health effects of heavy metals are known for a long time, exposure to heavy metals continues and is even increasing in some parts of the world. This books deals with the source of heavy metals in the environment and possible mitigation measures for metal recovery. The technology available for the detection of heavy metals and the latest remediation techniques are also discussed in detail. In this way, the book also addresses general background to polymers and their composite materials for removal of specific toxic heavy metals from waste water. The different adsorption isotherm models and adsorption mechanism using biosorption methods are also described. The widespread applications of low-value agricultural products, ion-exchange, coagulation, precipitation, flocculation, ultra-filtration and electrochemical methods are mentioned. The book reviews the essential issues and will be of interest to academicians, research scholars and industries. It will be the precious resource for all undergraduate and postgraduate students at institutes and universities.

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Book SynopsisThe authors of this book provide recent research on conductive materials and composites. Chapter One studies the electromagnetic properties of microwire composites CoFeNiBSiMo, CoFeSiB and CoFeBSiCr, in the X and Ku band frequency. Chapter Two presents the results of the investigation of microstructure, electrical conductivity of nanocarbon-polymer composites, and the parameters of interaction with microwave electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Chapter Three reviews the shielding effectiveness of conductive materials and composites. The final chapter provides insight in the procedures of dispersion, distribution, and network formation during the melting processes of carbon black-filled nanocomposites.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the latest developments in materials science research. Topics covered include recent advances in starch based materials; multiphasic calcium orthophosphates; the influence of soft wood contents on material properties, biodegradability and thermoformability of high density polyethylene (HDPE); recent progress on multifunctional thermoplastic-based composites that incorporate carbon nanotubes (CNTs); and stationary energy partition between oscillatory modes in low-dimensional systems at ambient temperatures.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the latest developments in materials science research. Chapter One reports studies using acid leaching, use of microwaves, impregnation, funcionalization, and other possibilities that allow consideration of metakaolin as a good precursor to solid catalysts. Chapter Two discusses supramolecular adhesive complexes of stimuli-responsive polymers. Chapter Three reviews the preparation of biomedical materials from polyacrylonitirle and applications of it in various fields. Chapter Four gives an overview on the recent theoretical and experimental advances concerning plasmonic excitations in thin slabs of topological insulators. Chapter Five focuses on atmospheric plasmadynamic systems for thermal spray technologies. Chapter Six discusses optical monitoring and control of powder technologies thermal processes.

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Book SynopsisThis edited monograph includes five chapters, each detailing recent advancements in materials science research. Chapter One discusses various processes to manufacture lithium alloys and salts as well as fabricated pebbles of lithium-based ceramics with desired properties for their use as tritium breeder materials. Chapter Two examines how the mechanical performance of glass fibre reinforced hybrid composites changes according to glass fibre type, glass fibre end form, other reinforcing non-fibrous or fibre-based materials and composite manufacturing method. Chapter Three describes studies concerning the properties of synthesised organometallics. Chapter Four investigates the correlation between the surface chemistry and the corrosion resistance of silanised samples of AZ91D magnesium alloy. Lastly, Chapter Five describes the control methods of brittle intermetallic compounds in the welding process of titanium and other alloys.Table of ContentsPreface; Lithium-Based Tritium Breeder Materials; Glass Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites; Organometallics: Physical Methods and Optically Important Features; Correlating the Surface Chemistry and Corrosion Resistance of Silanized AZ91D Magnesium Alloy; Research Progress of Dissimilar Welding Techniques for Ti Alloys to Other Metals; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis edited monograph presents five chapters, each detailing a recent advancement in materials science research. Chapter One focuses on several topics in the field of spintronics, including giant magnetoresistance observed in spin valves using various iron oxides and their interesting magnetisation reversals by interlayer exchange coupling and spin-polarised tunnelling in magnetic tunnel junctions using electrodes of half-metallic magnetite. Chapter Two describes the synthesis of eight coordination polymers by vial reaction method. Chapter Three introduces physical, thermal and electrochemical properties of ionic liquid-based polymer electrolytes and their applications in rechargeable lithium batteries. Chapter Four explores the aspects of opening of bandgap in graphene. Chapter Five describes the use of aluminium alloys, which are lightweight and high-strength materials, in the construction of the hull of a ship.Table of ContentsPreface; Magnetoresistance of Magnetic Iron Oxides; Highly Sensitive Detection Trace Moisture, Atrazine, 3-Hydroxytyramine Hydrochloride Based on 4-Amino-1,2,4 Triazole Schiff Base Coordination Polymers; Physical, Thermal and Electrochemical Properties of Ionic Liquid Plasticized Gel Polymer Electrolytes; Opening of Bandgap in Graphene: A Complete Overview to Unexplored Aspects; Dissimilar Steel Aluminium Joints in Shipbuilding: Current Application and Innovative Alternatives; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation includes six chapters that present various advancements in materials science research. Chapter One suggests new rigorous approaches to the mathematical modelling and electromagnetic analysis of 2D photonic crystals. Chapter Two details the results of a dynamical study of positron channelling in a (11, 9) chiral single-wall carbon nanotube. Chapter Three uses a deconvolution of IR spectra to attribute the spectra components to definite phases in multiphase proton exchange waveguides. Chapter Four describes the third-order nonlinear optical application of organometallic compounds. Chapter Five focuses on evaluating the behaviour of cementitious composites produced with different concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes providing a relationship between mechanical properties, ultrasound pulse velocity and the frequency resonance method. Finally, Chapter Six deals with the design of a capillary electrophoresis sensor based on micro-structured fibres.Table of ContentsPreface; 2-D Photonic Crystals: Rigorous Electromagnetic Models for Infinite, Spatially Limited and Defective Structures; A Dynamical Study of Positron Channeling in a Carbon Nanotube; Phase Composition Analysis of Proton Exchanged LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 by IR Spectra Deconvolution; Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Application of Organometallic Compounds; Carbon Nanotubes Addition in Cementitious Materials, Analysis of Properties Using Nondestructive Testing; Design of a Capillary Electrophoresis Sensor Based on Micro-Structured Fibers; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume includes five chapters that describe recent advancements in materials science research. Chapter One explains the advantages of electroactive dye polymers as redox mediators and summarises the recent developments of electrochemical (bio)sensors based on these polymer films. Chapter Two deals with the harmful effects of diverse pollutants on natural stones and natural stones as potential sources of pollution. Chapter Three explores the role that stones play as elements of cultural landscapes throughout history. Chapter Four studies the changes in PLLA crystal orientation for the uniaxially drawn films of corresponding hybrid materials by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. Lastly, Chapter Five presents an overview of different polypyrrole films electrogenerated onto AZ91D magnesium alloy.

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Book SynopsisThis volume includes seven chapters that present recent updates in materials science research. Chapter One reviews recent theoretical investigations on designing single-atom catalysts as efficient electrocatalysts in key energy conversion reactions including the oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Chapter Two investigates the potential of zirconium-based adsorbents for the sequestration of dyes and heavy metals from water bodies. Chapter Three highlights the active centers of catalytic synthesis of ammonia on a sequence of single-atom catalysts, metal alloys and clusters using density functional theory calculations, semi-empirical calculations, microkinetic modeling and experimental data. Chapter Four deals with the application of zirconium and zirconium alloys in the biomedical field. Chapter Five summarizes the latest commercially available strategies for reducing and replacing the use of toxic and polluting sanitizing agents in the food industry while still allowing for a long-lasting effect against bacterial contamination. Chapter Six includes the results of a study of metal matrix composites for identification of non-agglomerated nanodiamonds. Lastly, Chapter Seven shows that electron tunneling through a potential barrier that separates two colloidal quantum dots of germanium leads to the splitting of electron states localized over spherical interfaces.

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Book SynopsisNanomaterials are materials with individual units ranging in size from 1 to 1000 nanometers. Nanomaterials research necessitates collaboration between materials science and nanotechnology, improved materials metrology, and synthesis. This book is made up of chapters that cover the most important aspects of nanotechnology. The majority of the subjects covered in this book are related to nanomaterial properties, synthesis, procedures, and applications. This edited book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of this vital area. The different materials and their presentations in energy, ceramics, alloys, catalysis, membrane, pollution, and biomedical sciences are covered in this edited book. It addresses a range of aspects because these materials' structure can be tailored at extremely small scales to achieve specific properties, thus greatly expanding the materials science toolkit. It explores several applications that could potentially be used to improve the environment and to more efficiently and cost-effectively produce energy, such as producing solar cells that generate electricity at a competitive rate, so the book offers a valuable asset for a broad readership, including professionals, students, and researchers from materials science/engineering, polymer science, composite technology, nanotechnology, and biotechnology whose work involves various types of nanomaterials. Increased coverage of important background science makes this a valuable self-contained text, and extensive expanded referencing engages readers with the newest research and industrial advancements in the subject. This edited book contains twelve chapters of valuable studies from recent years.Table of ContentsPreface; Hydrogen: Ultimate Alternative Energy Carrier; Theoretical Modelling on Hydrogenation Characteristics of Ball-Milled AB5-Type Hydrogen Storage Nanomaterial; Elemental Metal Hydride MgH2 for Promising Hydrogen Storage Applications; The Magical Green Fuel: Hydrogen; High Entropy Materials: An Emerging Material for Battery and Supercapacitive Applications; A New Prospective of High Entropy Ceramics: Properties and Remarkable Applications; History and Developments of Heusler Alloys; Carbon Nanotubes: One Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterial; Graphene: A Green, Metal Free and Sustainable Catalyst; Graphene Based 2-D Nanocomposites for Heavy Metal Ions Detection; A Brief Overview on Binary Pyridyl, Ternary Pyridyl and Triphenylphosphine Based Supramolecular Polymeric Complexes of Cu(I); A Literature Review on Asymmetric Membranes Based on Poly (Ethylene-Co-Vinyl Alcohol) Polymer; Index.

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Book Synopsis"Developing production technology tries to respond to human needs. Meeting these needs requires the development of new products or an increase in the supply of raw materials. Although polymer-based, recycled, and natural resources are used as raw materials, it does not reduce the importance of metal-based structures. However, there is a need to use these metal-based materials at lower costs or to improve their existing properties. This book offers relational studies to these issues"--

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Book SynopsisComprehensive book on mechanical vibrations for senior undergrad and postgrad students. Covers mathematical and physical aspects, models, tools, and solution development. Emphasizes practical perspective with minimal math. Includes solved and unsolved problems for practical understanding.

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Book SynopsisFor a one/two-semester upper-level undergraduate/graduate-level second course in Mechanics of Materials. This text covers all topics usually treated in an advanced mechanics of materials course. Throughout, topics are treated by extending concepts and procedures of elementary mechanics of materials, assisted when necessary by advanced methods such as theory of elasticity.Table of Contents 1. Orientation, Review of Elementary Mechanics of Materials. 2. Stress, Principal Stresses, Strain Energy. 3. Failure and Failure Criteria. 4. Applications of Energy Methods. 5. Beams on an Elastic Foundation. 6. Curved Beams. 7. Elements of Theory of Elasticity. 8. Pressurized Cylinders and Spinning Disks. 9. Torsion. 10. Unsymmetric Bending and Shear Center. 11. Plasticity in Structural Members. Collapse Analysis. 12. Plate Bending. 13. Shells of Revolution with Axisymmetric Loads. 14. Buckling and Instability. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisEngineering Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2/e analyzes the behavior and properties of composite materials--rigid, high-strength, lightweight components that can be used in infrastructure, aircraft, automobiles, biomedical products, and a myriad of other goods. This edition features additional exercises and new material based on the author''s research and advances in the field.

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Book SynopsisThis revised second edition of a popular handbook for engineers describes the important relationship between high-energy radiation environments, electronic device physics and materials. It is a straightforward account of the problems which arise when high-energy radiation bombards matter and of engineering methods for solving those problems.Radiation effects are a problem encountered in the use of highly engineered materials such as semiconductors, optics and polymers. The finely-tuned properties of these materials may change drastically when exposed to a radiation environment such as a beam of X-rays or electrons, the space environment or the ''hadrons'' in CERN''s new collider. All of these environments and several more are described. At the core of this book is a discussion of the impact of these environments on the devices used in computing, data processing and communication.While unashamedly oriented to the engineer-designer and manager, with descriptions in a highly readable form, there is no compromise in physical accuracy when describing high-energy radiation and the effects it produces, such as electronic failure, coloration and the decay of strength. A great breadth of technical data, such as may be needed to make quick decisions, is presented with literature references and a compendium of web-sites which have been tested and used by the authors.Trade Review... contains a lot of valuable material and is not only a handbook, but also an excellent textbook. * CERN Courier *... enriched with many references to useful websites, including databases. * CERN Courier *The book establishes both Holmes-Siedle and Adams as two of the most fertile and fruitful research scholars working in the field of radiation environments. * Current Engineering Practice *Holmes-Siedle and Adams' engrossing handbook is probably the most readable, ambitious and intelligent work on radiation effects yet published, that also stands out as a comprehensive guide to the literature, both printed and on-line. At the same time, it is technically accurate but accessible to practitioners as well as researchers ... a most commendable book. * Current Engineering Practice *Table of Contents1. Radiation, physics and measurement ; 2. Radiation environments (including human risks from the terrestrial environment) ; 3. Response of materials and devices to radiation ; 4. Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices ; 5. Bipolar transistors and integrated circuits ; 6. Diodes, solar cells, optoelectronics ; 7. Power semiconductors ; 8. Optical media ; 9. Microelectronics, sensors, MEMs, passives, and other components ; 10. Polymers and other organics ; 11. The interaction of radiation with shielding materials ; 12. Computer methods for particle transport ; 13. Radiation testing ; 14. Radiation-hardening of semiconductor parts ; 15. Equipment hardening and hardness assurance ; APPENDICES ; A. Useful general and geophysical data ; B. Radiation quantities ; C. Useful data on materials used in electronic equipment ; D. Bibliography of dosimeter research ; E. Dose-depth curves for typical Earth orbits, calculated by ESA's Space Environment Information System (SPENVIS) software ; F. Degradation in polymers in ionizing radiation ; G. Useful websites

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Book SynopsisServes as a textbook for first-year graduate and advanced undergraduate students in both physics and engineering. This book explains the theoretical principles on which the work is based for practising engineers and experimental physicists who work in the field of magnetism.Trade ReviewOf the first edition "Amikam Aharoni at his best" Physics TodayTable of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. Molecular Field Approximation ; 3. The Heisenberg Hamiltonian ; 4. Magnetisation vs. Temperature ; 5. Anisotropy and Time Effects ; 6. Another Energy Term ; 7. Basic Micromagnetics ; 8. Energy Minimization ; 9. The Nucleation Problem ; 10. Analytic Micromagnetics ; 11. Numerical Micromagnetics ; References ; Author Index ; Subject Index

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Book SynopsisMany diverse materials, from man-made plastics to slurry, behave in ways that cannot be predicted using straightforward 'classical' equations. This book seeks to describe and quantify these behaviours for use in industry. There is an emphasis on the practical solution of problems using computer methods, and on the correlation between theory and experimental work.

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Book SynopsisCrystal Structure Refinement is a mixture of textbook and tutorial. As A Crystallographers Guide to SHELXL it covers advanced aspects of practical crystal structure refinement, which have not been much addressed by textbooks so far. After an introduction to SHELXL in the first chapter, a brief survey of crystal structure refinement is provided. Chapters three and higher address the various aspects of structure refinement, from the treatment of hydrogen atoms to the assignment of atom types, to disorder, to non-crystallographic symmetry and twinning. One chapter is dedicated to the refinement of macromolecular structures and two short chapters deal with structure validation (one for small molecule structures and one for macromolecules). In each of the chapters the book gives refinement examples, based on the program SHELXL, describing every problem in detail. It comes with a CD-ROM with all files necessary to reproduce the refinements.Trade Review`A key purchase for a wide population of scientists engaged in crystal structure determination...The depth of coverage of important topics such as twinning and disorder will be very valuable to structural scientists, and will provide information and an approach that is not currently available. ' Alexander J. Blake, University of Nottingham`A high quality text. ' David J. Watkin, University of OxfordTable of Contents1. SHELXL ; 2. Crystal Structure Refinement ; 3. Hydrogen Atoms ; 4. Atom Type Assignment ; 5. Disorder ; 6. Pseudo Symmetry ; 7. Twinning ; 8. Artefacts ; 9. Structure Validation ; 10. Protein Refinement with SHELXL ; 11. Protein Structure (Cross) Validation ; 12. General Remarks

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978-0198847946

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Book SynopsisThe first of its kind, this book is an in-depth history of hydrodynamics from its eighteenth-century foundations to its first major successes in twentieth-century hydraulics and aeronautics. It documents the foundational role of fluid mechanics in developing a new mathematical physics. It gives full and clear accounts of the conceptual breakthroughs of physicists and engineers who tried to meet challenges in the practical worlds of hydraulics, navigation, blood circulation, meteorology, and aeronautics, and it shows how hydrodynamics at last began to fulfill its early promise to unify the different worlds of flow. Richly illustrated, technically thorough, and sensitive to cross-cultural effects, this history should attract a broad range of historians, scientists, engineers, and philosophers and be a standard reference for anyone interested in fluid mechanics.Trade ReviewThis book deserves a place in every university library, and it will surely be read with much interest, and some surprise, by many applied mathematicians. * Alex D.D. Craik, University of St Andrews, The London Mathematical Society Newsletter 2006 *The book is a valuable contribution to its subject and is likely to provide new and perhaps useful insights to those studying fluid dynamics. It is well written and produced. * D.H. Peregrine, Mathematical Reviews *By presenting in detail the interactions between many mathematicians and engineers, and by emphasizing the different styles characteristic of scientists in different countries, Darrigol has provided a fascinating insight into the development of hydrodynamics. * J. Stewart Turner, Australian National University, Canberra, August 2006, Physics World 2006 *A fascinating and well written book. * Meccanica 2007 *Table of Contents1. The dynamical equations ; 2. Water waves ; 3. Viscosity ; 4. Vortices ; 5. Instability ; 6. Turbulence ; 7. Drag and lift

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