Materials science Books
Columbia University Press Soil to Foil
Book SynopsisSoil to Foil tells the extraordinary story of aluminum. Saleem H. Ali reveals its pivotal role in the histories of scientific inquiry and technological innovation as well as its importance to sustainability.Trade ReviewAluminum—who knew? In Saleem H. Ali’s capable hands, the metal becomes the vehicle for an engrossing and enlightening explanation of how our world works—and how it might work much better. -- Bill McKibben, Right Livelihood Award-winning environmental author and Schumann Distinguished Scholar in Residence at Middlebury CollegeSoil to Foil lights the way for how to build net-positive companies and economies from the ground up. It holds the hand of courageous business leaders in setting an inspiring vision for circular systems and gently but firmly pushing back against basic misconceptions of physics, chemistry, and geology that stifle creativity. Aluminum is something we can all relate to, and Soil to Foil helps you see it and the world around you in a new light filled with abundant possibility. -- Rohitesh Dhawan, president and CEO, International Council on Mining and MetalsSoil to Foil shows the profound connections between the atomic properties of aluminum and the gigantic entanglements of the world we live in through economics, politics, environmental laws, science, technology, industrial design, advertising, and more. Ali admirably and skillfully guides us to a much deeper and more vital understanding of these subjects. -- Tyler Volk, professor emeritus, New York University, and author of Quarks to Culture: How We Came to BeSoil to Foil considers the ‘extraction’ of the chemical processes used to turn aluminum ore into usable resources, fitting within a broader turn in the social sciences to considering the sociomaterial and sociotechnical dimensions of the world we live in. Ali persuasively shows why materiality and chemical composition matters for how aluminum ‘comes to be’ as a resource. -- Jessica M. Smith, Department of Engineering and Society, Colorado School of MinesWith approachable storytelling… environmental scientist Saleem Ali masterfully traces… the story of aluminum. * Science *This work provides fascinating insight. Highly recommended. * American Library Association (ALA) *Employs an engaging narrative style to convey scientific concepts... in clear, compelling prose. Anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the complex life cycle of aluminum will appreciate this book. Highly recommended. * Choice Reviews *Table of ContentsPrefacePart I. Salt and Sod1. Elemental Origins and the Invention of Need2. Soil Without Soul: Why Aluminum Was Rejected by LifePart II. Precious Forces3. Unbreakable Bonds: The Challenge of Extraction4. The Bond Breakers and Their BountyPart III. Flight and Foil5. Mobile Metal: How Aluminum Facilitated War and Peace6. Aluminum for All: The Invention of a Household MetalPart IV. Elemental Flows7. Recycling and Realism: The Industrial Ecology Paradigm8. Restoration and Renewal of Mineral FrontiersEpilogue: Governing Our Planet’s Elemental ResourcesNotesIndex
£28.50
Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Springer Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics
Book SynopsisPart A Solid Mechanics Topics Chap. 1 Analytical Mechanics of Solids.- Chap. 2 Materials Science for the Experimental Mechanist.- Chap. 3 Polymers and Viscoelasticity.- Chap. 4 Composite Materials.- Chap. 5 Fracture Mechanics.- Chap. 6 Active Materials.- Chap. 7 Biological Soft Tissues.- Chap. 8 Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites.- Chap. 9 MEMS and NEMS.- Chap. 10 Hybrid Methods. Chap. 11 Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data.Part B Contact Methods Chap. 12 Electrical Resistance Strain Gages.- Chap. 13 Extensometers.- Chap. 14 Fiber Strain Gages.- Chap. 15 Residual Stress Measurement.- Chap. 16 Nanoindentation.- Chap. 17 Atomic Force Microscopy.Part C Noncontact Methods Chap. 18 Basics of Optics.- Chap. 19 Image Analysis and Processing.- Chap. 20 Digital Image Correlation.- Chap. 21 Geometric Moiré.- Chap. 22 Moiré Interferometry.- Chap. 23 Speckle Methods.- Chap. 24Table of ContentsPart A Solid Mechanics Topics Part A presents topics that fall within the purview of solid mechanics. The first five chapters cover familiar ground, but the next four present new material systems along with the new topics of MEMS and NEMS. The last two chapters describe methods of interpreting the results of tests.Chap. 1 Analytical Mechanics of Solids Chap. 2 Materials Science for the Experimental Mechanist Chap. 3 Polymers and ViscoelasticityChap. 4 Composite MaterialsChap. 5 Fracture MechanicsChap. 6 Active MaterialsChap. 7 Biological Soft Tissues Chap. 8 Ionic Polymer-Metal CompositesChap. 9 MEMS and NEMSChap. 10 Hybrid MethodsChap. 11 Statistical Analysis of Experimental DataPart B Contact Methods Part B starts with three practical chapters on the ‘backbones’ of experimental solid mechanics – strain gages and extensometers – followed by another mainstay – residual stress measurement. Nanoindentation is becoming more widely used for material property determination as is atomic force microscopy.Chap. 12 Electrical Resistance Strain GagesChap. 13 ExtensometersChap. 14 Fiber Strain GagesChap. 15 Residual Stress MeasurementChap. 16 NanoindentationChap. 17 Atomic Force MicroscopyPart C Noncontact Methods Part C is an overview of the rich field of optical methods in the first eight chapters ranging from modern versions of established such as photoelasticity to newer ones based on image analysis. Non-contacting methods at other wavelengths are described in the last three chapters.Chap. 18 Basics of OpticsChap. 19 Image Analysis and ProcessingChap. 20 Digital Image CorrelationChap. 21 Geometric MoiréChap. 22 Moiré InterferometryChap. 23 Speckle MethodsChap. 24 HolographyChap. 25 PhotoelasticityChap. 26 Thermoelastic Stress AnalysisChap. 27 Photoacoustic Characterization of MaterialsChap. 28 X-Ray Stress AnalysisPart D ApplicationsPart D presents applications of the methods and topics of the three previous parts to selected topics – all of which are new and important areas of modern technology. These are examples that demonstrate the breadth and depth of experimental solid mechanics.Chap. 29 Optical MethodsChap. 30 Mechanical Testing at the Micro/Nano ScaleChap. 31 Biological Tissue TestingChap. 32 Biomedical Devices and Biologically Inspired MaterialsChap. 33 High Strain Rate and Impact TestingChap. 34 Delamination MechanicsChap. 35 Structural Testing ApplicationsChap. 36 Electronic PackagingAbout the Authors.- Subject Index
£251.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc Analytical Techniques in Materials Conservation
Book SynopsisThis book introduces the reader to the wide variety of analytical techniques that are employed by those working on the conservation of materials. An introduction to each technique is provided with explanations of how data may be obtained and interpreted. Examples and case studies are included to illustrate how each technique is used in practice.Trade Review"Offers a unique source of useful up-to-date information about a vast variety of modern analytical techniques." (Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 2008) "...An excellent starting point when mastering a specific technique..." (ABC, Monday 10th September 2007)Table of Contents1. Conservation materials. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Proteins. 1.3 Lipids. 1.4 Carbohydrates. 1.5 Natural resins. 1.6 Natural materials. 1.7 Synthetic polymers. 1.8 Dyes and pigments. 1.9 Textiles. 1.10 Paintings. 1.11 Written material. 1.12 Glass. 1.13 Ceramics. 1.14 Stone. 1.15 Metals. 2. Basic identification techniques. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Visual examination. 2.3 Chemical tests. 2.4 Density and specific gravity. 2.5 Solubility. 2.6 Heat tests. 3. Light examination and microscopy. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Infrared techniques. 3.3 Ultraviolet techniques. 3.4 Radiography. 3.5 Refractometry. 3.6 Optical microscopy. 3.7 Transmission electron microscopy. 3.8 Scanning electron microscopy. 3.9 Scanning probe microscopy. 4. Molecular spectroscopy. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Infrared spectroscopy. 4.3 Raman spectroscopy. 4.4 Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. 4.5 Photoluminescence spectroscopy. 4.6 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 4.7 Electron spin resonance spectroscopy. 4.8 Mössbauer spectroscopy. 5. Atomic spectroscopy. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Atomic absorption spectroscopy. 5.3 Atomic emission spectroscopy. 5.4 Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. 6. X-ray techniques. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 X-ray diffraction. 6.3 X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. 6.4 Electron microprobe analysis. 6.5 Proton induced X-ray emission. 6.6 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger spectroscopy. 7. Mass spectrometry. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Molecular mass spectrometry. 7.3 Secondary ion mass spectrometry. 7.4 Atomic mass spectrometry. 8. Chromatography and electrophoresis. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Paper chromatography. 8.3 Thin layer chromatography. 8.4 Gas chromatography. 8.5 High performance liquid chromatography. 8.6 Size exclusion chromatography. 8.7 Ion chromatography. 8.8 Capillary electrophoresis. 9. Thermal and mechanical analysis. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Thermogravimetric analysis. 9.3 Differential Scanning Calorimetry/Differential Thermal Analysis. 9.4 Tensile Testing. 9.5 Flexural Testing. 9.6 Thermal Mechanical Analysis. 9.7 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis. 9.8 Hardness. 10. Nuclear methods. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Radioisotopic dating. 10.3 Neutron activation analysis. 10.4 Luminescence. 10.5 Neutron diffraction. Appendix Infrared spectra of polymers. Index.
£65.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Wood Modification Chemical Thermal and Other
Book SynopsisThis book is exclusively concerned with wood modification, although many of these processes are generic and can be applied to other lignocellulosic materials. There have been many rapid developments in wood modification over the past decade and, in particular, there has been considerable progress made in the commercialisation of technologies. Topics covered include: The use of timber in the 21st century Modifying the properties of wood Chemical modification of wood: Acetic Anhydride Modification and reaction with other chemicals Thermal modification of wood Surface modification Impregnation modification Commercialisation of wood modification Environmental consideration and future developments This is the first time that a book has covered all wood modification technologies in one text. Although the book covers the main research developments in wood modification, it also puts wood modification into coTable of ContentsForeword xi Series Preface xiii Preface xv List of Abbreviations xvii 1 The Use of Timber in the Twenty-first Century 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Nonrenewables: a Finite and Exhaustible Resource 2 1.3 Renewable Materials 4 1.4 The Global Timber Resource 7 1.5 Timber Production 10 1.6 Wood Preservation 11 1.7 Preservative-treated Wood and Legislation 14 1.8 Competition from Nonrenewable Materials 16 1.9 The Need for Wood Modification 17 1.10 Conclusions 17 2 Modifying the Properties of Wood 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Wood Properties and Wood Modification 19 2.3 Wood Modification Methods 21 2.4 The Cell Wall of Wood 23 2.5 The Chemical Constituents of Wood 25 2.6 The Wood–Water Relationship 30 2.7 The Mechanical Properties of Modified Wood 37 2.8 Modified Wood and Biological Degradation 39 2.9 Wood and Weathering 43 2.10 Proof of Bonding 43 2.11 Conclusions 44 3 Chemical Modification of Wood (I): Acetic Anhydride Modification 45 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Reaction Protocols 46 3.3 Cell Wall Reactivity 52 3.4 Analysis of Anhydride-modified Wood 55 3.5 Dimensional Stability 56 3.6 Mechanical Properties 58 3.7 Microbiological Degradation 60 3.8 Biological Degradation by Insects and Marine Organisms 69 3.9 Moisture Relationships of Anhydride-modified Wood 70 3.10 Composites Utilizing Acetic Anhydride Modified Wood 72 3.11 Conclusions 76 4 Chemical Modification of Wood (II): Reaction with Other Chemicals 77 4.1 Introduction 77 4.2 Reaction of Wood with Other Noncyclic Anhydrides 77 4.3 Reaction of Wood with Cyclic Anhydrides 79 4.4 Acetylation Using Ketene Gas 83 4.5 Carboxylic Acid Modification 84 4.6 Acid Chloride Modification 85 4.7 Isocyanate Modification 85 4.8 Epoxide Modification 90 4.9 Alkyl Halide Modification 93 4.10 Aldehyde Modification 93 4.11 Cyanoethylation 96 4.12 Beta-Propiolactone 96 4.13 Quinone Methides 97 4.14 Conclusions 97 5 Thermal Modification of Wood 99 5.1 Introduction 99 5.2 Process Variables 100 5.3 Chemical Changes in Wood due to Thermal Modification 102 5.4 Physical Changes in Wood due to Thermal Modification 110 5.5 Biological Properties of Thermally Modified Wood 123 5.6 Compressed Wood 125 5.7 Oil Heat-treatments 126 5.8 Conclusions 126 6 Surface Modification 129 6.1 Introduction 129 6.2 Surface Chemical Modification for UV Stability 129 6.3 Modification to Render the Wood Surface Hydrophobic 133 6.4 Surface Chemical Modification for Bonding 133 6.5 Enzymatic Modification 143 6.6 Corona or Plasma Discharge 145 6.7 Conclusions 147 7 Impregnation Modification 149 7.1 Introduction 149 7.2 Resin Treatments 150 7.3 Impregnations using Silicon-containing Compounds 162 7.4 Other Inorganic Cell Wall Precipitation Treatments 170 7.5 Cell Wall Impregnation with Monomers 170 7.6 Cell Wall Impregnation with Polymers 171 7.7 Conclusions 173 8 Commercialization of Wood Modification 175 8.1 Introduction 175 8.2 Thermal Modification 175 8.3 Oil Heat Modification/Treatments 182 8.4 Acetylation 183 8.5 Impregnation Modification 188 8.6 Conclusions 190 9 Wood Modification: Environmental Considerations and Future Developments 191 9.1 Introduction 191 9.2 Principles of the Determination of Environmental Impact 192 9.3 Methods of Determining Environmental Impacts 193 9.4 The Environmental Impact of Wood Modification 194 9.5 Industrial Ecology and Wood Modification 194 9.6 The Future of Wood Modification 198 References 201 Index 233
£120.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc Biomimetic Bioresponsive and Bioactive Materials
Book SynopsisThe accessible introduction to biomaterials and their applications in tissue replacement, medical devices, and more Molecular and cell biology is being increasingly integrated into the search for high-performance biomaterials and biomedical devices, transforming a formerly engineering- and materials sciencebased field into a truly interdisciplinary area of investigation. Biomimetic, Bioresponsive, and Bioactive Materials presents a comprehensive introduction to biomaterials, discussing how they are selected, designed, and modified for integration with living tissue and how they can be utilized in the development of medical devices, orthopedics, and other related areas. Examining the physico chemical properties of widely used biomaterials and their uses in different clinical fields, the book explores applications including soft and hard tissue replacement; biointeractive metals, polymers, and ceramics; and in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo biocompatibility tests andTable of ContentsPreface xi Contributors xiii 1 HISTORY OF BIOMIMETIC, BIOACTIVE, AND BIORESPONSIVE BIOMATERIALS 1 Matteo Santin and Gary Phillips 1.1 The First Generation of Biomaterials: The Search for “The Bioinert” 1 1.1.1 Bioinert: Myth, Reality, or Utopia? 4 1.2 The Second Generation of Biomaterials: Biomimetic, Bioresponsive, Bioactive 5 1.2.1 Hydroxyapatite (HA) and Bioglass®: Cell Adhesion and Stimulation 6 1.2.2 Collagen, Fibrin Glue, and Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels: Presenting the ECM 6 1.2.3 Chitosan and Alginate: Replacing the ECM 9 1.2.4 Poly(Lactic/Glycolic) Acid Copolymers: Encouraging Tissue Remodeling by Safe Biodegradation 10 1.2.5 Porous Metals: Favoring Mechanical Integration 11 1.3 The Third-Generation Biomaterials: Biomimicking Natural Bioactive and Bioresponsive Processes 13 1.3.1 Principal Phases of Tissue Regeneration 14 1.3.1.1 Cell Adhesion: The Cornerstone of Tissue Regeneration 16 1.3.1.2 Mechanisms of Tissue Mineralization 19 1.4 Principles of Biomimesis and Bioactivity 21 1.4.1 Biomimicking of the ECM 22 1.4.2 Biomimicking of Cell Membrane Components 24 1.4.3 Biomimicking Cell Signaling Pathways 24 1.4.3.1 Modulation of the Growth Factor Signaling by Gene Expression: Bioactive Gene Delivery Systems 25 1.5 Bioactive Biomaterials from Different Natural Sources 26 1.5.1 Silk Fibroin 26 1.5.2 Soybean-Based Biomaterials 27 1.6 Scope of This Book 29 References 30 2 SOFT TISSUE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONALITY 35 Gabriela Voskerician 2.1 Overview 35 2.2 Epithelial Tissue 36 2.2.1 Background 36 2.3 The Skin 37 2.3.1 Structure and Functionality 37 2.3.2 Repair, Healing, and Renewal 42 2.4 Muscle Tissue 46 2.4.1 Background 46 2.4.2 Skeletal Muscle 48 2.4.2.1 Structure and Functionality 48 2.4.2.2 Repair, Healing, and Renewal 50 2.4.3 Smooth Muscle 51 2.4.3.1 Structure and Functionality 51 2.4.3.2 Repair, Healing, and Renewal 52 2.4.4 Cardiac Muscle 54 2.4.4.1 Structure and Functionality 54 2.4.4.2 Repair, Healing, and Renewal 55 2.5 Connective Tissue 56 2.5.1 Background 56 2.5.2 Embryonic Connective Tissue 57 2.5.3 Connective Tissue Proper 58 2.5.3.1 Cells of the Connective Tissue Proper 59 2.5.3.2 Connective Tissue Proper Fibers 60 2.5.3.3 Ground Substance 63 2.5.4 Specialized Connective Tissues 64 2.5.4.1 Structure and Function 64 2.5.4.2 Repair, Healing, and Renewal of Hyaline Cartilage 66 2.6 The Foreign Body Response 68 Exercises/Questions for Chapter 2 76 References 76 3 HARD TISSUE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONALITY 81 Antonio Merolli and Paolo Tranquilli Leali 3.1 Definition of Hard Tissues 81 3.2 Articular Cartilage 81 3.2.1 Structure of the Articular Cartilage 82 3.2.2 Specifi c Mechanism Repair of the Articular Cartilage 83 3.3 Bone Tissue 84 3.3.1 The Structure of the Bony Tissues 85 3.3.2 The Functions of Bone Tissue 86 3.3.3 Cell Types Involved in Bone Homeostasis: The Osteoblasts and the Osteoclasts 88 3.3.4 Ossifi cation, Turnover, and Remodeling 89 3.3.5 Bone Composite Structure and Its Effect on Mechanical Performance 91 3.4 Concluding Remarks 92 Exercises/Questions for Chapter 3 92 References 93 4 BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF BIOMIMETIC POLYMERS: THE PHOSPHORYLCHOLINE-CONTAINING POLYMERS 95 Andrew L. Lewis and Andrew W. Lloyd 4.1 Historical Perspective 95 4.2 Synthesis of PC-Containing Polymers 97 4.3 Physicochemical Properties of PC-Containing Polymers 98 4.3.1 Antifouling Mechanisms of Action 98 4.3.2 Swelling Phenomena and Structural Aspects of PC Coatings 100 4.4 Stability and Mechanical Property Considerations 102 4.4.1 PC Coatings and Surface Treatments 102 4.4.2 Bulk Hydrogels and Blends 104 4.5 Biological Compatibility 105 4.5.1 Interactions with Proteins, Eukaryotic Cells, and Bacteria 105 4.5.2 Interaction with Other Tissues 107 4.6. Applications of PC Polymers 107 4.6.1 Cardiovascular Applications 107 4.6.1.1 PC-Coated Coronary Stents 108 4.6.1.2 Vascular Grafts 108 4.6.1.3 Extracorporeal Circuits 109 4.6.2 Ophthalmic Applications 110 4.6.2.1 Intraocular Lenses 110 4.6.2.2 Contact Lenses 111 4.6.2.3 Other Ocular Devices 112 4.6.3 Anti-Infective Applications 112 4.6.3.1 Urological Devices 112 4.6.3.2 Tympanostomy Tubes 112 4.6.4 Orthopedic Applications 113 4.6.5 Biosensors and Diagnostics 113 4.6.6 Separation Systems 115 4.6.7 PC Polymers for Drug Delivery 116 4.6.7.1 Drug Delivery Coatings 116 4.6.7.2 Gel-Based Drug Delivery Systems 119 4.6.7.3 Nano/Micro Particulate Drug and Gene Delivery 119 4.6.7.4 Drug Conjugates 122 4.6.8 Emerging Applications 122 4.7 Summary 123 Exercises/Questions for Chapter 4 124 References 125 5 BIOMIMETIC, BIORESPONSIVE, AND BIOACTIVE MATERIALS: INTEGRATING MATERIALS WITH TISSUE 141 Roberto Chiesa and Alberto Cigada 5.1 Introduction 141 5.2 Mandatory Requirements for Metals as Implantable Materials 142 5.2.1 Stiffness 142 5.2.2 Strength 143 5.2.3 Corrosion Resistance 144 5.2.3.1 General Corrosion 144 5.2.3.2 Crevice Corrosion 145 5.2.3.3 Fretting Corrosion 145 5.2.3.4 Galvanic Corrosion 145 5.3 Biocompatibility of Metals 145 5.3.1 ISO Standardized Metal Family 146 5.3.1.1 Stainless Steels 146 5.3.1.2 Cobalt Alloys 148 5.3.1.3 Titanium and Titanium Alloys 149 5.4 Surface Treatments of Metals for Biomedical Applications 150 5.4.1 Cathodic Deposition Treatments 152 5.4.2 Anodic Oxidation 152 Exercises/Questions for Chapter 5 157 References 157 6 CERAMICS 161 Montserrat Espanol, Román A. Pérez, Edgar B. Montufar, and Maria-Pau Ginebra 6.1 Historical Perspective 161 6.2 Biostable Ceramics 162 6.2.1 Alumina 163 6.2.2 Zirconia 164 6.3 Bioactive and Resorbable Ceramics 165 6.3.1 Basic Concepts 165 6.3.2 Glasses and Glass–Ceramics 166 6.3.2.1 Physicochemical Properties of Bioactive Glasses 167 6.3.2.2 Silicate-Based Glasses 168 6.3.2.3 Phosphate-Based Glasses 170 6.3.2.4 Processing of Glass and Glass–Ceramics 170 6.3.3 Calcium Phosphates 172 6.3.3.1 Physicochemistry of Calcium Phosphates 172 6.3.3.2 Processing of Calcium Orthophosphates 175 6.3.4 New Trends in Bioactive and Resorbable Materials Integration 178 Exercises/Questions for Chapter 6 183 References 184 7 BIOFUNCTIONAL BIOMATERIALS OF THE FUTURE 191 Mário Barbosa, Gary Phillips, and Matteo Santin 7.1 Clinically Led Next Generation Biomaterials 191 7.1.1 Wound Dressings and Dermal Substitutes 192 7.1.2 Vascular Grafts and Cardiovascular Stents 193 7.1.3 Joint Implants and Cartilage Tissue Engineering 194 7.1.4 Bone Fillers 195 7.1.5 Nerve Guides 195 7.1.6 Ophthalmologic Devices 195 7.2 Biomacromolecule-Inspired Biomaterials 196 7.2.1 Artificial Laminin 196 7.2.2 Artificial Elastin 197 7.2.3 Artificial Collagen 197 7.2.4 GAG- and PGN-Mimicking Biomaterials 197 7.3 Nanostructured Biomimetic, Bioresponsive, and Bioactive Biomaterials 198 7.3.1 Nanofabrication of Biomaterials 198 7.3.1.1 2D Techniques 199 7.3.1.2 3D Techniques 199 7.3.1.3 Polymeric Dendrimers 200 7.3.1.4 Self-Assembling Peptides 201 7.4 Conclusions 202 Exercises/Questions for Chapter 7 203 References 203 Index 207
£83.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on
Book SynopsisThis topical CD proceeding compiles a number of the key papers presented at the 8th International Symposium on Crystallization in Glasses and Liquids, helping to bridge the gap between the scientific understanding of nucelation and growth in glasses and the various applications of glass-ceramics and other crystalline materials.
£87.75
John Wiley & Sons Inc Unconventional Nanopatterning Techniques and
Book SynopsisPatterning or lithography is at the core of modern science and technology and cuts across all disciplines. With the emergence of nanotechnology, conventional methods based on electron beam lithography and extreme ultraviolet photolithography have become prohibitively expensive.Table of ContentsPREFACE xv I NANOPATTERNING TECHNIQUES 1 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 MATERIALS 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Mold Materials and Mold Preparation 8 2.2.1 Soft Molds 8 2.2.2 Hard Molds 19 2.2.3 Rigiflex Molds 19 2.3 Surface Treatment and Modification 21 References 23 3 PATTERNING BASED ON NATURAL FORCE 27 3.1 Introduction 27 3.2 Capillary Force 28 3.2.1 Open-Ended Capillary 29 3.2.2 Closed Permeable Capillary 31 3.2.3 Completely Closed Capillary 40 3.2.4 Fast Patterning 43 3.2.5 Capillary Kinetics 45 3.3 London Force and Liquid Filament Stability 48 3.3.1 Patterning by Selective Dewetting 49 3.3.2 Liquid Filament Stability: Filling and Patterning 51 3.4 Mechanical Stress: Patterning of A Metal Surface 56 References 63 4 PATTERNING BASED ON WORK OF ADHESION 67 4.1 Introduction 67 4.2 Work of Adhesion 68 4.3 Kinetic Effects 71 4.4 Transfer Patterning 74 4.5 Subtractive Transfer Patterning 79 4.6 Transfer Printing 82 References 91 5 PATTERNING BASED ON LIGHT: OPTICAL SOFT LITHOGRAPHY 95 5.1 Introduction 95 5.2 System Elements 96 5.2.1 Overview 96 5.2.2 Elastomeric Photomasks 96 5.2.3 Photosensitive Materials 99 5.3 Two-Dimensional Optical Soft Lithography (OSL) 100 5.3.1 Two-Dimensional OSL with Phase Masks 100 5.3.2 Two-Dimensional OSL with Embossed Masks 104 5.3.3 Two-Dimensional OSL with Amplitude Masks 105 5.3.4 Two-Dimensional OSL with AmplitudePhase Masks 109 5.4 Three-Dimensional Optical Soft Lithography 110 5.4.1 Optics 111 5.4.2 Patterning Results 112 5.5 Applications 117 5.5.1 Low-Voltage Organic Electronics 117 5.5.2 Filters and Mixers for Microfluidics 118 5.5.3 High Energy Fusion Targets and Media for Chemical Release 118 5.5.4 Photonic Bandgap Materials 120 References 122 6 PATTERNING BASED ON EXTERNAL FORCE: NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY 129L. Jay Guo 6.1 Introduction 129 6.2 NIL MOLD 133 6.2.1 Mold Fabrication 133 6.2.2 Mold Surface Preparation 137 6.2.3 Flexible Fluoropolymer Mold 137 6.3 NIL Resist 138 6.3.1 Thermoplastic Resist 139 6.3.2 Copolymer Thermoplastic Resists 141 6.3.3 Thermal-Curable Resists 142 6.3.4 UV-Curable Resist 146 6.3.5 Other Imprintable Materials 148 6.4 The Nanoimprint Process 149 6.4.1 Cavity Fill Process 149 6.5 Variations of NIL Processes 152 6.5.1 Reverse Nanoimprint 152 6.5.2 Combined Nanoimprint and Photolithography 155 6.5.3 Roll-to-Roll Nanoimprint Lithography (R2RNIL) 156 6.6 Conclusion 159 References 160 7 PATTERNING BASED ON EDGE EFFECTS: EDGE LITHOGRAPHY 167Matthias Geissler, Joseph M. McLellan, Eric P. Lee and Younan Xia 7.1 Introduction 167 7.2 Topography-Directed Pattern Transfer 169 7.2.1 Photolithography with Phase-Shifting Masks 170 7.2.2 Use of Edge-Defined Defects in SAMs 172 7.2.3 Controlled Undercutting 175 7.2.4 Edge-Spreading Lithography 176 7.2.5 Edge Transfer Lithography 178 7.2.6 Step-Edge Decoration 180 7.3 Exposure of Nanoscale Edges 181 7.3.1 Fracturing of Thin Films 182 7.3.2 Sectioning of Encapsulated Thin Films 182 7.3.3 Thin Metallic Films along Sidewalls of Patterned Stamps 184 7.3.4 Topographic Reorientation 186 7.4 Conclusion and Outlook 187 References 188 8 PATTERNING WITH ELECTROLYTE: SOLID-STATE SUPERIONIC STAMPING 195Keng H. Hsu, Peter L. Schultz, Nicholas X. Fang, and Placid M. Ferreira 8.1 Introduction 195 8.2 Solid-State Superionic Stamping 197 8.3 Process Technology 199 8.4 Process Capabilities 203 8.5 Examples of Electrochemically Imprinted Nanostructures Using the S4 Process 208 Acknowledgments 211 References 211 9 PATTERNING WITH GELS: LATTICE-GAS MODELS 215Paul J. Wesson and Bartosz A. Grzybowski 9.1 Introduction 215 9.2 The RDF Method 218 9.3 Microlenses: Fabrication 218 9.4 Microlenses: Modeling Aspects 220 9.4.1 Modeling Using PDEs 220 9.4.2 Modeling Using Lattice-Gas Method 221 9.5 RDF at the Nanoscale 222 9.5.1 Nanoscopic Features from Counter-Propagating RD Fronts 222 9.5.2 Failure of Continuum Description 225 9.5.3 Lattice-Gas Models at the Nanoscale 227 9.6 Summary and Outlook 229 References 230 10 PATTERNING WITH BLOCK COPOLYMERS 233Jia-Yu Wang, Wei Chen, and Thomas P. Russell 10.1 Introduction 233 10.2 Orientation 235 10.2.1 Self-Assembling 235 10.2.2 Self-Directing 247 10.3 Long-Range 254 10.3.1 Solvent Annealing 254 10.3.2 Graphoepitaxy 256 10.3.3 Sequential, Orthogonal Fields 260 10.4 Nanoporous BCP Films 262 10.4.1 Ozonolysis 264 10.4.2 Thermal Degradation 264 10.4.3 UV Degradation 267 10.4.4 Selective Extraction 271 10.4.5 “Soft” Chemical Etch 272 10.4.6 Cleavable Junction 272 10.4.7 Solvent-Induced Film Reconstruction 274 References 276 11 PERSPECTIVE ON APPLICATIONS 291 II APPLICATIONS 293 12 SOFT LITHOGRAPHY FOR MICROFLUIDIC MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS)AND OPTICAL DEVICES 295Svetlana M. Mitrovski, Shraddha Avasthy, Evan M. Erickson, Matthew E. Stewart, John A. Rogers, and Ralph G. Nuzzo 12.1 Introduction 295 12.2 Microfluidic Devices for Concentration Gradients 297 12.3 Electrochemistry and Microfluidics 300 12.4 PDMS and Electrochemistry 302 12.5 Optics and Microfluidics 306 12.6 Unconventional Soft Lithographic Fabrication of Optical Sensors 314 Acknowledgments 317 References 318 13 UNCONVENTIONAL PATTERNING METHODS FOR BIONEMS 325Pilnam Kim, Yanan Du, Ali Khademhosseini, Robert Langer, and Kahp Y. Suh 13.1 Introduction 325 13.2 Fabrication of Nanofluidic System for Biological Applications 326 13.2.1 Unconventional Methods for Fabrication of Nanochannel 326 13.2.2 Application of Nanofluidic System 332 13.3 Fabrication of Biomolecular Nanoarrays for Biological Applications 338 13.3.1 DNA Nanoarray 338 13.3.2 Protein Arrays 340 13.3.3 Lipid Array 345 13.4 Fabrication of Nanoscale Topographies for Tissue Engineering Applications 347 13.4.1 Nanotopography-Induced Changes in Cell Adhesion 347 13.4.2 Nanotopography-Induced Changes in Cell Morphology 348 References 349 14 MICRO TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM 359Yuki Tanaka and Takehiko Kitamori 14.1 Introduction 359 14.1.1 Historical Backgrounds 359 14.2 Fundamentals on Microchip Chemistry 361 14.2.1 Characteristics of Liquid Microspace 361 14.2.2 Liquid Handling 362 14.2.3 Concepts of Micro Unit Operation and Continuous-Flow Chemical Processing 362 14.3 Key Technologies 365 14.3.1 Fabrication of Microchips 365 14.3.2 Patterning for Fluid Control 366 14.3.3 Detection 366 14.4 Applications 368 14.4.1 Synthesis 368 14.4.2 Cell Adhesion Control 369 14.4.3 Liquid Handling: Valve Using Wettability 370 References 372 15 COMBINATIONS OF TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP NANOFABRICATION TECHNIQUES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO CREATE FUNCTIONAL DEVICES 379Pascale Maury, David N. Reinhoudt, and Jurriaan Huskens 15.1 Introduction 379 15.2 Top-Down and Bottom-Up Techniques 380 15.2.1 Top-Down Techniques 380 15.2.2 Bottom-Up Techniques 383 15.2.3 Mixed Techniques 384 15.3 Combining Top-Down and Bottom-Up Techniques for High Resolution Patterning 385 15.3.1 Top-Down Nanofabrication and Polymerization 386 15.3.2 Top-Down Nanofabrication and Micelles 387 15.3.3 Top-Down Nanofabrication and Block Copolymer Assembly 387 15.3.4 Top-Down Nanofabrication and NP Assembly 389 15.3.5 Top-Down Nanofabrication and Layer-by-Layer Assembly 392 15.4 Applicaion of Combined Top-Down and Bottom-Up Nanofabrication for Creating Functional Devices 397 15.4.1 Photonic Crystal Devices 397 15.4.2 Protein Assays 400 References 406 16 ORGANIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES 419 16.1 Introduction 419 16.2 Organic Light-Emitting Diodes 420 16.3 Organic Thin Film Transistors 429 References 439 17 INORGANIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES 445 17.1 Introduction 445 17.2 Inorganic Semiconductor Materials for Flexible Electronics 446 17.2.1 “Bottom-Up” Approaches 447 17.2.2 “Top-Down” Approaches 449 17.3 Soft Lithography Techniques for Generating Inorganic Electronic Systems 452 17.3.1 Micromolding in Capillaries 453 17.3.2 Imprint Lithography 454 17.3.3 Dry Transfer Printing 454 17.4 Fabrication of Electronic Devices 459 17.4.1 Transistors on Rigid Substrates via MIMIC Processing 459 17.4.2 Flexible Inorganic Transistors 459 17.4.3 Flexible Integrated Circuits 463 17.4.4 Heterogeneous Electronics 466 17.4.5 Stretchable Electronics 469 References 475 18 MECHANICS OF STRETCHABLE SILICON FILMS ON ELASTOMERIC SUBSTRATES 483Hanqing Jiang, Jizhou Song, Yonggang Huang, and John A. Rogers 18.1 Introduction 483 18.2 Buckling Analysis of Stiff Thin Ribbons on Compliant Substrates 484 18.3 Finite-Deformation Buckling Analysis of Stiff Thin Ribbons on Compliant Substrates 488 18.4 Edge Effects 495 18.5 Effect of Ribbon Width and Spacing 498 18.6 Buckling Analysis of Stiff Thin Membranes on Compliant Substrates 502 18.6.1 One-Dimensional Buckling Mode 504 18.6.2 Checkerboard Buckling Mode 506 18.6.3 Herrington Buckling Mode 506 18.7 Precisely Controlled Buckling of Stiff Thin Ribbons on Compliant Substrates 507 18.8 Concluding Remarks 512 Acknowledgments 512 References 512 19 MULTISCALE FABRICATION OF PLASMONIC STRUCTURES 515Joel Henzie, Min H. Lee, and Teri W. Odom 19.1 Introduction 515 19.1.1 Brief Primer on Surface Plasmons 517 19.1.2 Conventional Methods to Plasmonic Structures 518 19.2 Soft Lithography and Metal Nanostructures 518 19.3 A Platform for Multiscale Patterning 520 19.3.1 Soft Interference Lithography: Patterns on a Nanoscale Pitch 520 19.3.2 Phase-Shifting Photolithography: Patterns on a Microscale Pitch 520 19.3.3 PEEL: Transferring Photoresist Patterns to Plasmonic Materials 521 19.4 Subwavelength Arrays of Nanoholes: Plasmonic Materials 522 19.4.1 Infinite Arrays of Nanoholes 523 19.4.2 Finite Arrays (Patches) of Nanoholes 525 19.5 Microscale Arrays of Nanoscale Holes 526 19.6 Plasmonic Particle Arrays 528 19.6.1 Metal and Dielectric Nanoparticles 528 19.6.2 Anisotropic Nanoparticles 531 19.6.3 Pyramidal Nanostructures 531 Acknowledgments 533 References 533 20 A RIGIFLEX MOLD AND ITS APPLICATIONS 539Se-Jin Choi, Tae-Wan Kim, and Seung-Jun Baek 20.1 Introduction 539 20.2 Modulus-Tunable Rigiflex Mold 540 20.3 Applications of Rigiflex Mold 544 20.3.1 From Nanoimprint to Microcontact Printing 544 20.3.2 Rapid Flash Patterning for Residue-Free Patterning 547 20.3.3 Continuous Rigiflex Imprinting 549 20.3.4 Soft Molding Application 553 20.3.5 Capillary Force Lithography Applications 556 20.3.6 Transfer Fabrication Technique 558 References 561 21 NANOIMPRINT TECHNOLOGY FOR FUTURE LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY 565Jong M. Kim, Hwan Y. Choi, Moon-G. Lee, Seungho Nam, Jin H. Kim, Seongmo Whang, Soo M. Lee, Byoung H. Cheong, Hyuk Kim, Ji M. Lee, and In T. Han 21.1 Introduction 565 21.2 Holographic LGP 569 21.2.1 Design and Properties of Holographic LGP 570 21.2.2 NI Technology for the Holographic LGP 572 21.3 Polarized LGP 573 21.3.1 Design and Properties of Polarized LGP 574 21.3.2 Fabrication of the Polarized LGP 575 21.3.3 Optical Performance of the Polarized LGP 576 21.4 Reflective Polarizer: Wire Grid Polarizer 579 21.4.1 Design and Properies of WGP 580 21.4.2 Fabrication and Applications 581 21.5 Transflective Display 585 21.5.1 Design and Optical Properties of Reflecting Pattern 587 21.5.2 Fabrication of the Reflecting Pattern 588 References 592 INDEX 595
£138.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc Molecular Quantum Electrodynamics LongRange
Book SynopsisThe first such book devoted exclusively to the MQED theory of long-range intermolecular forces, this resource gives the first presentation of the second quantized Maxwell field formulation of the theory. The coverage includes recently developed non-perturbative approaches for treating a variety of intermolecular interactions.Table of ContentsPREFACE. 1 MOLECULAR QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS: BASIC THEORY. 1.1 Background. 1.2 Quantum Description of Matter. 1.3 Electrodynamics and Maxwell Equations. 1.4 Quantization of the Free Electromagnetic Field. 1.5 Interacting Particle–Radiation Field System. 1.6 Multipolar Lagrangian. 1.7 Multipolar Hamiltonian. 1.8 Canonical Transformation. 1.9 Perturbation Theory Solution. 1.10 State Sequence Diagrams. 2 MOLECULAR QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS: FIELD THEORETIC TREATMENT. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Nonrelativistic Quantum Field Theory. 2.3 Quantum Canonical Transformation. 2.4 Multipolar Maxwell Fields. 2.5 Minimal-Coupling Maxwell Fields. 2.6 Multipolar Maxwell Fields in the Vicinity of a Source. 2.7 Higher Multipole Moment Maxwell Fields. 2.8 Maxwell Fields of a Diamagnetic Source. 2.9 Electromagnetic Energy Density. 2.10 Poynting’s Theorem and Poynting Vector. 3 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES. 3.1 Concept of Intermolecular Potential. 3.2 Short-Range Forces. 3.3 Long-Range Forces. 3.4 Electrostatic Interaction. 3.5 Induction Forces. 3.6 Dispersion Forces. 4 RESONANT TRANSFER OF ENERGY. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Diagrammatic Perturbation Theory. 4.3 State Sequence Diagram Representation. 4.4 Energy Transfer Between Chiral Systems. 4.5 Emitter–Absorber Model. 4.6 Response Theory Calculation. 4.7 Time-Dependent Energy Transfer and Causality. 4.8 Proof of Causality of Energy Transfer to all Orders in Perturbation Theory. 5 RETARDED DISPERSION FORCES. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Casimir–Polder Potential: Perturbation Theory. 5.3 Near-Zone Potential: London Dispersion Energy. 5.4 Far-Zone Dispersion Potential. 5.5 State Sequence Diagrams for Dispersion Force. 5.6 Dispersion Interaction Between One Ground and One Excited Molecule: Perturbation Theory. 5.7 Response Theory Calculation of Dispersion Forces. 5.8 Dispersion Potential via the Method of Induced Multipole Moments. 5.9 Discriminatory Dispersion Interactions. 5.10 Interactions Involving Magnetically Susceptible Molecules. 5.11 Measurements of Casimir Effect. 6 MANY-BODY FORCES. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Axilrod-Teller-Muto Dispersion Energy Shift. 6.3 Retarded Triple-Dipole Dispersion Potential: Perturbation Theory. 6.4 Triple-Dipole Dispersion Energy Shift via Craig–Power Hamiltonian. 6.5 Triple-Dipole Dispersion Potential via Correlations of the Dressed Vacuum Field. 6.6 N-Body Dispersion Potential. 6.7 Four-Body Retarded Dispersion Potential. 6.8 Three-Body Dispersion Interaction Involving One Excited Molecule. 6.9 Mediation of Resonance Energy Transfer by a Third Body. 7 INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS IN A RADIATION FIELD. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Radiation-Induced Dispersion Force: Perturbation Theory. 7.3 Dynamic Mechanism. 7.4 Static Mechanism. 7.5 Molecular and Pair Orientational Averaging. 7.6 Polarization Analysis. 7.7 Collapsed Graphs and Effective Interaction Hamiltonian. 7.8 Radiation-Induced Intermolecular Interaction via the Method of Induced Moments. 7.9 Discriminatory Intermolecular Interaction in a Radiation Field: Perturbation Theory. 7.10 Radiation-Induced Chiral Discrimination: Induced Moment Method. 7.11 Freely Tumbling Chiral Pair in the Presence of Circularly Polarized Light. 7.12 Radiation-Induced Intermolecular Energy Shifts Involving Magnetic Dipole and Electric Quadrupole Polarizable Molecules. 7.13 Higher Order Radiation-Induced Discriminatory Intermolecular Interaction. APPENDIX A Higher Multipole-Dependent Second-Order Maxwell Field Operators. APPENDIX B Rotational Averaging of Cartesian Tensors. REFERENCES. INDEX.
£121.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc Syndiotactic Polystyrene
Book SynopsisSyndiotactic Polystyrene (SPS), synthesized in a laboratory for the first time in 1985, has become commercialized in a very short time, with wide acceptance on the global plastics market. Written by leading experts from academia and industry from all over the world, Syndiotactic Polystyrene offers a comprehensive review of all aspects of SPS of interest to both science and industry, from preparation and properties to applications. This essential reference to SPS covers: The preparation of syndiotactic polystyrene by half-metallocenes and other transition metal catalysts The structure and fundamental properties, especially morphology and crystallization and solution behavior The commercial process for SPS manufacturing Properties, processing, and applications of syndiotactic polystyrenes Polymers based on syndiotactic polystyrenes, for example, by functionalization and modification, and nTable of ContentsPREFACE. CONTRIBUTORS. ABOUT THE EDITOR. PART I INTRODUCTION. 1. Historical Overview and Commercialization of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Michael Malanga, Osamu Isogai, Takeshi Yamada, Shigeo Iwasaki, and Masahiko Kuramoto). 1.1 Discovery of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (SPS). 1.2 Early Years of Development (1985–1989). 1.3 Intense Development Years (1989–1996). 1.4 Initial Commercial Launch Stage (1996–2001). 1.5 Years 2001–2007. PART II PREPARATION OF SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE. 2. Transition Metal Catalysts for Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Norio Tomotsu, Thomas H. Newman, Mizutomo Takeuchi, Richard Campbell Jr., and Jürgen Schellenberg). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Transition Metal Compounds. 2.3 Summary. References. 3. Cocatalysts for the Syndiospecific Styrene Polymerization (Norio Tomotsu, Hiroshi Maezawa, and Thomas H. Newman). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 MAO. 3.3 Boron Compounds. 3.4 Other Chemicals. 3.5 Summary. References. 4. Mechanisms for Stereochemical Control in the Syndiotactic Polymerization of Styrene (Norio Tomotsu, Thomas H. Newman, and Richard Campbell Jr.). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Insertion of the Growing Polymer Chain into the Double Bond of Styrene. 4.3 Stereochemistry of the Styrene Insertion. 4.4 Effects of Hydrogenation of the Catalyst. 4.5 Active Site Species. 4.6 Theoretical Analysis of the Catalyst. 4.7 Kinetic Analysis of Styrene Polymerization. 4.8 Conclusions. References. 5. Copolymerization of Ethylene with Styrene: Design of Efficient Transition Metal Complex Catalysts (Kotohiro Nomura). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Ethylene/Styrene Copolymers: Microstructures, Thermal Properties, and Composition Analyses. 5.3 Ethylene/Styrene Copolymerization Using Transition Metal Complex–Cocatalyst Systems. 5.4 Summary and Outlook. References. 6. Structure and Properties of Tetrabenzo[a,c,g,i]fl uorenyl-Based Titanium Catalysts (Rüdiger Beckhaus, Kai Schröder, and Jürgen Schellenberg). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 The Tbf Ligand. 6.3 Tbf Lithium. 6.4 Tbf Titanium(III) Derivatives. 6.5 Tbf Titanium(IV) Derivatives. 6.6 Dynamic and Polymerization Behavior of Tetrabenzofluorenyl Titanium Complexes. 6.7 Conclusions. References. 7. Rare-Earth Metal Complexes as Catalysts for Syndiospecific Styrene Polymerization (Klaus Beckerle and Jun Okuda). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Metallocene Catalysts. 7.3 Constrained Geometry Catalysts. 7.4 Half-Sandwich Catalysts. 7.5 Nonmetallocene Catalysts. 7.6 Conclusion. References. 8. Syndiospecific Styrene Polymerization with Heterogenized Transition Metal Catalysts (Kyu Yong Choi). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Kinetics of Syndiospecific Polymerization with Heterogeneous Metallocene Catalysts. 8.3 Nascent Morphology of Syndiotactic Polystyrene. 8.4 Concluding Remarks. References. PART III STRUCTURE AND FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE. 9. Structure, Morphology, and Crystallization Behavior of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Andrea Sorrentino and Vittoria Vittoria). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Polymorphic Behavior of SPS. 9.3 Morphology of the Zigzag Forms. 9.4 Morphology of the Mesomorphic Phases. 9.5 Thermodynamic and Kinetics of Crystallization. 9.6 Melting Behavior. 9.7 Structure and Properties of the Crystallized Samples. References. 10. Preparation, Structure, Properties, and Applications of Co-Crystals and Nanoporous Crystalline Phases of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Gaetano Guerra, Alexandra Romina Albunia, and Concetta D’Aniello). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Co-Crystals. 10.3 Nanoporous Crystalline Phases. 10.4 Conclusions and Perspectives. 10.5 Acknowledgments. References. 11. Crystallization Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Tomoaki Takebe and Komei Yamasaki). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Theoretical Background. 11.3 Equilibrium Melting Point of SPS. 11.4 Analyses of Spherulitic Growth Rate G . 11.5 Comparison Between SPS and IPS. References. PART IV COMMERCIAL PROCESSES FOR MANUFACTURING OF SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE. 12. Processes for the Production of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Masao Aida, David Habermann, Hans-Joachim Leder, and Jürgen Schellenberg). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Monomer Purification Section. 12.3 Catalyst Section. 12.4 Polymerization Section. 12.5 Styrene Stripping Section. 12.6 Deactivating Section. 12.7 Pelletizing Section. 12.8 Blending Section. 12.9 Shipping Section. References. PART V PROPERTIES, PROCESSING, AND APPLICATIONS OF SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE. 13. Properties of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Tomoaki Takebe, Komei Yamasaki, Keisuke Funaki, and Michael Malanga). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Rheological Properties of SPS. 13.3 Basic Physical Mechanical Properties of SPS. 13.4 Orientation of SPS and Properties of Oriented SPS. 13.5 Other Important Properties of SPS. References. 14. Melt Processing of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (David Bank, Kevin Nichols, Harold Fowler, Jason Reese, and Gerry Billovits). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Compounding. 14.3 Injection Molding. 14.4 Sheet and Film Extrusion. 14.5 Film Processing and Fabrication. 14.6 Fiber Spinning. References. 15. Applications of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Tom Fiola, Akihiko Okada, Masami Mihara, and Kevin Nichols). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 The Performance Capabilities of SPS. 15.3 Connectors for Automotive and Electronic Applications. 15.4 Electronic Components: Plated and Non-Plated. 15.5 Industrial and Appliance Components. References. 16. Blends of Syndiotactic Polystyrene with Polyamide (Kevin Nichols, Akihiko Okada, and Hiroki Fukui). 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Composition of SPS/Nylon Blends. 16.3 Properties of SPS/Nylon Blends. 16.4 Applications of SPS/Nylon Blends. References. 17. Blends of Syndiotactic Polystyrene with Polystyrenes (Tomoaki Takebe, Komei Yamasaki, Akihiko Okada, and Takuma Aoyama). 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 SANS Measurements. 17.3 Theoretical Background. 17.4 Tacticity Effect on Miscibility. 17.5 Properties of Blends of SPS and APS. References. 18. Compatibilizers for Impact-Modifi ed Syndiotactic Polystyrene (Tomoaki Takebe, Akihiko Okada, and Nobuyuki Sato). 18.1 Introduction. 18.2 Morphological Analyses of HISPS. 18.3 Morphology of SPS/PPO Binary Blends. 18.4 Compatibilizer Effects. References. PART VI POLYMERS BASED ON SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENES. 19. Functionalization and Block/Graft Reactions of Syndiotactic Polystyrene Using Borane Comonomers and Chain Transfer Agents (T. C. Mike Chung). 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Functionalization of SPS via Borane Comonomers. 19.3 Functionalization of SPS via Borane Chain Transfer Agents. 19.4 Summary. 19.5 Acknowledgment. References. 20. Nanocomposites Based on Syndiotactic Polystyrene (O Ok Park and Mun Ho Kim). 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 Polymer Nanocomposites and Microstructure. 20.3 Fabrication of Polymer Nanocomposites. 20.4 Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposites. 20.5 Preparation of SPS Nanocomposites. 20.6 Properties of SPS Nanocomposites. 20.7 Final Remarks. References. INDEX.
£125.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells IV Volume 29
Book SynopsisThis volume provides a one-stop resource, compiling current research on solid oxide fuel cells. It is a collection of papers from The American Ceramic Society s 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 27-February 1, 2008. Topics include recent technical progress on materials-related aspects of fuel cells and emerging trends in electrochemical materials, cell/stack fabrication and design, interface engineering, and long-term chemical interactions. This is a valuable, up-to-date resource for researchers in industry, government, or academia who are working with solid oxide fuel cells.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. TECHNICAL OVERVIEW. Research Activities and Progress on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells at USTC (Guangyao Meng, Ranran Peng, Changrong Xia, and Xingqin Liu). CELL AND STACK DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE. Development of Micro Tubular SOFCs and Stacks for Low 21 Temperature Operation under 550°C (Toshio Suzuki, Toshiaki Yarnaguchi, Yoshinobu Fujishiro, Masanobu Awano, and Yoshihiro Funahashi). The Properties and Performance of Micro-Tubular (Less than 1 mm OD) Anode Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (N. Sarnrnes, J.Pusz, A. Smirnova, A. Moharnrnadi, F. Serincan, Z. Xiaoyu, M. Awano, T. Suzuki, T. Yarnaguchi, Y. Fujishiro, and Y. Funahashi). Performance of the Gen 3.1 Liquid Tin Anode SOFC on Direct JP-8 Fuel (M.T. Koslowske, W.A. McPhee, L.S. Baternan, M.J. Slaney, J. Bentley and T.T. Tao). Effect of Interconnect Creep on Long-Term Performance of SOFC of One Cell Stacks (W.N. Liu, X. Sun, and M.A. Khaleel). Effects of Compositions and Microstructures of Thin Anode Layer on the Performance of Honeycomb SOFCs Accumulated with Multi Micro Channel Cells (Toshiaki Yarnaguchi, Sota Shirnizu, Toshio Suzuki, Yoshinobu Fujishiro, and Masanobu Awano). FABRICATION. Formation of Gas Sealing and Current Collecting Layers for Honeycomb-Type SOFCs (Sota Shirnizu, Toshiaki Yarnaguchi, Yoshinobu Fujishiro, and Masanobu Awano). CHARACTERIZATION AND TESTING. Evaluating Redox Stability of Ni-YSZ Supported SOFCs Based on Simple Layer Models (Trine Klernenser and Bent F. Sarensen). Degradation Phenomena in SOFCs with Metallic Interconnects (Norbert H. Menzler, Frank Tietz, Martin Brarn, lzaak C. Vinke, and L.G.J. (Bert) de Haart). Pressure and Gas Concentration Effects on Voltage vs. Current Characteristics of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Electrolyzer (V. Hugo Schmidt and Laura M. Lediaev). In-Situ Temperature-Dependent X-Ray Diffraction Study of Ba(Zro.8.xCexY0.2)03C-, eramics (C.-S. Tu, R. R. Chien, S.-C. Lee, C.-L. Tsai, V. H. Schmidt, A. Keith, S. A. Hall, and N. P. Santorsola). Evaluation of the Residual Stress Profiles of Practical Size Lanthanum Gallate-Based Cells in Radial Direction (Hiroyuki Yoshida, Mitsunobu Kawano, Koji Hashino, Toru Inagaki, Hiroshi Deguchi, Yoshiyuki Kubota, and Kei Hosoi). ELECTRODES. Effect of Spray Parameters on the Microstructure of La,-,Sr,MnO, Cathode Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis (Hoda Arnani Harnedani, Klaus-Herrnann Dahrnen, Dongsheng Li, and Harnid Garrnestani). Examination of Chromium’s Effects on a LSMNSZ Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode (T.A. Cruse, M. Krumpelt, B.J. Ingrarn, S. Wang, and P.A. Salvador). Evolution of Ni-YSZ Microstructure and Its Relation to Steam Reforming Activity and YSZ Phase Stability (D. L. King, J.J. Strohm, P. Singh). Synthesis and Characterization of Ni Impregnated Porous YSZ Anodes for SOFCs (C. Anand Singh.and Venkatesan V. Krishnan). The Reduction of NiO-YSZ Anode Precursor and Its Effect on the Microstructure and Elastic Properties at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures (Thangamani Nithyanantham, Saraswathi Nambiappan Thangavel, Sornnath Biswas, and Sukumar Bandopadhyay). Microstructure Analysis on Network-Structure Formation of SOFC Anode from NiO-SDC Composite Particles Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Technique (Hiroyuki Yoshida, Mitsunobu Kawano, Koji Hashino, Toru Inagaki, Seiichi Suda, Koichi Kawahara, Hiroshi Ijichi, and Hideyuki Nagahara). Functionally Graded Composite Electrodes for Advanced Anode- Supported, Intermediate-Temperature SOFC (Juan L. Sepulveda, Raouf 0. Loutfy, Sekyung Chang, Peiwen Li, and Ananth Kotwal). ELECTROLYTES. High Efficiency Lanthanide Doped Ceria-Zirconia Layered Electrolyte for SOFC (Juan L. Sepulveda, Sekyung Chang, and Raouf 0. Loutfy). Oxygen Ion Conductance in Epitaxially Grown Thin Film Electrolytes (S. Thevuthasan, Z. Yu, S. Kuchibhatla, L.V. Saraf, 0. A. Marina, V. Shutthanandan, P. Nachimuthu, and C. M. Wang). INTERCONNECTS. Development of New Type Current Collector for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (Tsuneji Kameda, Kentaro Matsunaga, Masato Yoshino, Takayuki Fukasawa, Norikazu Osada, Masahiko Yamada, and Yoshiyasu ltoh). Electrical Conductivity and Oxidation Studies of Ceramiclntermetallic Materials for SOFC Interconnect Application (Yukun Pang, Hua Xie, and Rasit Koc). SEALS. Improvement in Interface Resistance of Conductive Gas-Tight Sealing Materials for Stacking Micro-SOFC (Seiichi Suda, Koichi Kawahara, Kaori Jono, and Masahiko Matsumiya) ELECTROLYZER. Carbon Dioxide Electrolysis for Production of Synthesis Gas in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (Sune Dalgaard Ebbesen and Mogens Mogensen). Author Index.
£80.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology II
Book SynopsisA collection of papers from The American Ceramic Society s 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, held in Daytona Beach, Florida, January 27-February 1, 2008. Topics include basic and applied research in nanomaterials such as synthesis, functionalization, processing, and characterization; structure-property correlations; bio- and magnetic nanomaterials; nanostructured materials for chemical mechanical planarization, display, health, and cosmetic applications; nanotubes and nanowires; and industrial development.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. One-Dimensional Nanostructured Ceramics for Healthcare, Energy and Sensor Applications (S. Rarnakrishna, Rarnakrishnan Rarnaseshan, Rajan Jose, Liao Susan, Barhate Rajendrakurnar Suresh, and Raj Bordia). What Makes a Good TiO, Photocatalyst? (Lars Osterlund, A. Mattsson, and P. O. Andersson). Manufacturing of Ceramic Membranes Consisting of ZrO, with Tailored Microporous Structures for Nanofiltration and Gas Separation Membranes (Tim Van Gestel, Wilhelrn A. Meulenberg, Martin Brarn, and Hans-Peter Buchkrerner). Electrical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Alumina Composites (Kaleern Ahrnad and Wei Pan). Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of Nanostructured TiO, Ceramics Processed by Tape Casting (Sheng Chao, Vladirnir Petrovsky, Fatih Dogan). The Simulation in the Real Conditions of Antibacterial Activity of TiO, (Fe) Films with Optimized Morphology (M. Gartner, C. Anastasescu, M. Zaharescu, M. Enache, L. Durnitru, TStoica, T.F. Stoica, and C. Trapalis). Polyethylene/Boron Containing Composites for Radiation Shielding Applications (Courtney Harrison, Eric Burgett, Nolan Hertel, and Eric Grulke). Synthesis and Optical Properties of SiC,&3i02 Nanocomposite Thin Films (Karakuscu, R. Guider, L. Paved, and G. D. Sora). Strength and Related Phenomenon of Bulk Nanocrystalline Ceramic Synthesized via Non-Equilibrium Solid State P/M Processing (Hiroshi Kirnura). Properties of Nanostructured Carbon Nitride Films for Semiconductor Process Applications (Jigong Lee, Choongwon Chang, Junarn Kim, and Sung Pi1 Lee). Applying Nickel Nanolayer Coating onto BB4& Particles for Processing Improvement (Xiaojing Zhu, Kathy Lu, Hongying Dong, Chris Glornb, Elizabeth Logan, and Karthik Nagarathnarn). Effect of Carbon Nanotubes Addition on Matrix Microstructure and Thermal Conductivity of Pitch Based Carbon-Carbon Composites (Lalit Mohan Manocha, Rajesh Pande, Harshad Patel, S. Manocha, Ajit Roy, and J.P. Singh) Microstructure and Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Titania Matrix Composites Prepared under Different Sintering Conditions (S.Manocha, L.M.Manocha, E.Yasuda, and Chhavi Manocha). Elaboration of Alumina-YAG Nanocomposites from Pressureless Sintered Y-Doped Alumina Powders (Paola Palrnero, Laura Montanaro, Claude Esnouf, and Gilbert Fantoui). Nanoscale Pinning Media in Bulk Melt-Textured High-T, Superconductors and their Importance for Super-Magnet Applications (M. Muralidhar, N. Sakai, M. Jirsa, M. Murakarni, and I. Hirabayashi). Novel Nano-Material for Opto-Electrochemical Application (P.C. Pandey and Dheeraj S. Chauhan). Kaolinite-Dimethylsulfoxide Nanocomposite Precursors (Jefferson Leixas Capitaneo, Valeska da Rocha Caffarena, Flavio Teixeira da Silva, Magali Silveira Pinho, and Maria Aparecida Pinheiro dos Santos). Raman Spectroscopy of Anatase Coated Carbon Nanotubes (Georgios Pyrgiotakis and Wolfgang M. Sigmund). Structural and Optical Properties of Sol-Gel Derived Hydroxyapatite Films in Different Stages of Crystallization and Densification Processes (Tionica Stoica, Mariuca Gartner, Adelina lanculescu, Mihai Anastasescu, Adrian Slav, luliana Pasuk, Toma Stoica, and Maria Zaharescu). Evaluation of Aggregate Breakdown in Nanosized Titanium Dioxide via Mercury Porosimetry (Navin Venugopal and Richard A. Haber). Enrichment and Vacuum-Sintering Activity of Colloidal Carbon Submicro-Spheres (Jianjun Hu, Zhong Lu, and Qiang Wang). Nitrogen Doped Diamond Like Carbon Thin Films on PTFE for Enhanced Hernocompatibility (S. Srinivasan, O. Yang, and V.N. Vasilets). Nanostructured Nitride Surface via Advanced Plasma Nitriding and Its Applications (Sehoon Yoo, Yong-Ki Cho, Sang Gweon Kim, and Sung-Wan Kim). Author Index.
£80.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Developments in Strategic Materials Volume 29
Book SynopsisThis volume provides a one-stop resource, compiling current research on developments in strategic materials. It is a collection of papers from The American Ceramic Society s 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 27-February 1, 2008. Papers included in this issue come from five symposia: Thermoelectric Materials for Power Conversion; Basic Science of Multifunctional Ceramics; Science of Ceramic Interfaces; Geopolymers; and Materials for Solid State Lighting. This is a valuable, up-to-date resource for researchers working in the field.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. OXY NITRIDE GLASSES. Developments in Oxynitride Glasses: Formation, Properties and Crystallization (Stuart Hampshire). THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS FOR POWER CONVERSION APPLICATIONS. Thermoelectric Properties of Ge Doped In,O, (David Berardan, Emmanuel Guilrneau, Antoine Maignan, and Bernard Raveau). Transition Metal Oxides for Thermoelectric Generation (J.P. Doumerc, M. Blangero, M. Pollet, D. Carlier, J. Darriet. C. Delmas, and R. Decourt). Deformation and Texture Behaviors of Co-Oxides with Misfit Structure under High Temperature Compression* (Hiroshi Fukutomi, Kazuto Okayasu, Yoshirni Konno, Eisuke lguchi and Hiroshi Nakatsugawa). Fabrication of High-Performance Thermoelectric Modules Consisting of Oxide Materials (Ryoji Funahashi, Saori Urata. and Atsuko Kosuga). Influence of Grain Boundary on Textured Al-ZnO (Yoshiaki Kinemuchi, Hisashi Kaga. Satoshi Tanaka, Keizo Uematsu, Hiromi Nakano, and Koji Watari). Evaluation on Thermo-Mechanical Integrity of Thermoelectric Module for Heat Recovery at Low Temperature (Yujiro Nakatani, Takahiko Shindo, Kengo Wakamatsu, Takehisa Hino, Takashi Ohishi, Haruo Matsumuro, and Yoshiyasu ltoh). Transport Properties of Sn,P,Br, and Sn, ,Zn,P,,Br, (Stevce Stefanoski, Andrei V. Shevelkov, and George S. Nolas). Temperature Impact on Electrical Conductivity And Dielectric Properties of HCI Doped Polyaniline (Shuo Chen, Weiping Li, Shunhua Liu, William J. Craft, and David Y. Song). GEOPOLYMERS. Preparation of Ceramic Foams from Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Gels (J.L. Bell and W.M. Kriven). Preparation of Photocatalytic Layers Based on Geopolymer (Z. Cerny, I. Jakubec, P. Bezdicka, V. Stengl, and P. Roubicek). Characterization of Raw Clay Materials in Serbia 0.063mm Sieved Residues (Snefana Devic, Milica Arsenovic and Branko ZivanCevic). Fireproof Coatings on the Basis of Alkaline Aluminum Silicate Systems (P.V. Krivenko, Ye.K. Pushkareva, M.V. Sukhanevich, and S.G. Guziy). Determining the Elastic Properties of Geopolymers Using Nondestructive Ultrasonic Techniques (Joseph Lawson, Benjamin Varela, Raj S. Pai Panandiker, and Maria Helguera). Bi-Axial Four Points Flexural and Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Materials Based Na20-K,O-A1,O3-SiO2 Systems (C. Leonelli, E. Kamseu, and V.M. Sglavo). A Study on Alkaline Dissolution and Geopolymerisation of Hellenic Fly Ash (Ch. Panagiotopoulou, T. Perraki, S. Tsivilis, N. Skordaki, and G. Kakali). Role of Oxide Ratios on Engineering Performance of Fly-Ash Geopolymer Binder Systems (Kwesi Sagoe-Crentsi).
£80.96
Wiley Polymer Rheology
Book SynopsisProviding new students and practitioners with an easy-to-understand introduction to the theory and practice an often complicated subject, Introduction to Polymer Rheology incorporates worked problems and problems with appended answers to provide opportunities for review and further learning of more advanced concepts.Trade Review“The book is written in a relaxed style and targeted at students which do not yet have a background in transport phenomena, linear algebra, differential equations and numerical analysis, thus bridging a gap to mathematically much more demanding text books on rheology which e.g. use short hand tensor notation.” (Applied Rheology, 1 October 2013)Table of Contents1. INTRODUCTION A. Polymers and the importance of rheology B. Rheology in its simplest form Problems Suggested references, with commentary 2. STRESS A. Stress and pressure B. Organization of the stress components C. Coping with subscripts D. Typical stress tensors Appendix 2-1: Compilation of equations of motion (ssc) Appendix 2-2: Equations of motion—curvilinear quick list (ssc) Problems References 3. VELOCITY, VELOCITY GRADIENT AND RATE OF DEFORMATION A. Why velocity is simpler than location—Speedometers vs. GPS B. Velocity gradients C. Rate of deformation Appendix 3-1: Components of the rate-of-deformation tensor Appendix 3-2: Components of the continuity equation Appendix 3-3: Nomenclature and sign conventions used in popular rheology texts Problems References 4. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS AND RATE OF DEFORMATION: THE NEWTONIAN FLUID A Material idealizations in rheology B. The Newtonian fluid Problems References 5. GENERALIZED NEWTONIAN FLUIDS — A SMALL BUT IMPORTANT STEP TOWARD A DESCRIPTION OF REAL BEHAVIOR FOR POLYMERS A. Reasons for inventing generalized Newtonian fluids — behavior of polymer melts B. Generalizing the GNF to three dimensions C. Inventing relationships for viscosity vs. shear rate D. Short primer on finding GNF parameters from data E. Summary of GNF characteristics Appendix 5-1: Fitting data with Excel Problems References 6. NORMAL STRESSES—ORDINARY BEHAVIOR FOR POLYMERS A. Introduction B. What are normal stresses C. Origin of normal stresses in simple shear D. The second normal-stress difference E. Normal-stress coefficients and empirical findings F. Transient rheological functions D. Temperature effects and superposition of steady-flow data Problems References 7. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS A. Measurement of viscosity B. Normal stresses from shearing flows C. Extensional rheology D. Specialized geometries E. Flow visualization and other rheo-optical methods F. Micro and nano rheology Appendix 7-1: Numerical derivatives Appendix 7-2: Velocity-profile correction for non-Newtonian fluids Appendix 7-3: Incorporation of slip into the velocity-profile correction— the Mooney correction Appendix 7-4: Normal stresses using the cone-and-plate geometry Appendix 7-5: Desktop rheo-optical experiment Problems References 8. STRAIN, SMALL AND LARGE A. Displacement B. Infinitesimal strain C. Hookean solids D. Finite strain E. The Lodge elastic fluid and variants F. The Cauchy strain measure G. Fixing up integral equations based on C and C-1 Appendix 8-1: The relaxation function Appendix 8-2: Constant-rate extension of the LEF Problems References 9. MOLECULAR ORIGINS OF RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR A. Description of polymer molecules B. The Rouse chain—a limited description of polymer behavior C. Other chain-like models D. Dealing with entanglements E. Summary of predictions of molecular theory Problems References 10. ELEMENTARY POLYMER PROCESSING CONCEPTS A. Simple laboratory processing methods B. Elementary extrusion concepts C. A downstream process—spinning D. Summary Appendix 10-1: Densities of melts at elevated temperatures Problems References 11. QUALITY-CONTROL RHEOLOGY A. Examples of methods used by various industries B. Test precision Appendix 11-1: ASTM tests methods for rheological characterization Problems References 12. FLOW OF MODIFIED POLYMERS AND POLYMERS WITH SUPERMOLECULAR STRUCTURE A. Polymers filled with particulates B. Liquid crystallinity and rheology C. Polymers with microphase separation in melts or solutions D. Covalent crosslinking of polymers Appendix 12-1: Van 't Hoff equation applied to gelation Problems References ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS
£89.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Advances in Electroceramic Materials
Book SynopsisThis compilationis a useful one-stop resource for understanding the most important issues in advances in electroceramic materials, covering topics such as design, synthesis, characterization, and properties and applications. This volume contains a collection of papers from the Advanced Dielectric Materials and Electronic Devices and Electroceramics Technologies symposia held during MS&T 08.Table of ContentsPreface ix DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION Ceramic-Polymer Dielectric Composites Produced via Directional Freezing 3 E.P. Gorzkowski and M.-J. Pan Low-Temperature Fabrication of Highly Loaded Dielectric Films Made of Ceramic-Polymer Composites for 3D Integration 11 Jong-hee Kim, Eunhae Koo, Young Joon Yoon, and Hyo Tae Kim Effect of Rare Earth Elements Doping on the Electrical Properties of (Ba,Sr)Ti03 Thin Film Capacitors 21 N. Kamehara and K. Kurihara Microwave Processing of Dielectrics for High Power Microwave Applications 27 Isabel K. Lloyd, Yuval Carmel, Otto C. Wilson, Jr., and Gengfu Xu Ferroelectric Domains in Lead Free Piezoelectric Ceramics 33 Toshio Ogawa and Masahito Furukawa Fabrication of SrTi4Bi4015 Piezoelectric Ceramics with Oriented Structure Using Magnetic Field-Assisted Shaping and Subsequent Sintering Processing (MFSS) 39 Satoshi Tanaka, Kazunori Mishina and Keizo Uematsu Recent Investigations of Sr-Ca-Co-0 Thermoelectric Materials 47 W. Wong-Ng, G. Liu, M. Otani, E. L. Thomas, N. Lowhorn, M.L. Green, and J.A. Kaduk Preparation of Low-Loss Titanium Dioxide for Microwave Frequency Applications 59 L. Zhang, K. Shqau, H. Verweij, G. Mumcu, K. Sertel, and J.L. Volakis Analytic Methods for Determination of Activation Energy Using the Master Sintering Curve Approach 67 Matthew Schurwanz and Stephen J. Lombardo Surface Analysis of Nano-Structured Carbon Nitride Films for Microsensors 79 Choong W. Chang, Ju N. Kim, Yoen H. Jeong, Young J. Seo, S. Chowdhury, and Sung P. Lee Gas Permeability in Nanoporous Substrates 89 S. J. Lombardo, J.W. Yun, and S. Patel PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS Texturing of PMN-PT Ceramics via Templated Grain Growth (TGG): Issues and Perspectives 101 Mohammad E. Ebrahimi Electrical Characterization and Dielectric Relaxation of Au/Porous Silicon Contacts 113 M. Chavarria and F. Fonthai Structural and Dielectric Properties of the Naa5Bia5Ti03-NaTa03 Ceramic System 121 Jakob König, Matja Spreitzer, Bostjan Jancar, and Danilo Suvorov Piezoelectric Behavior of the Blended Systems (NYLON 6/NYLON 11) 129 S.A. Pande, D.S. Kelkar, and D.R. Peshwe Dielectric Properties of BaTi03 Doped with Er203, Yb203 Based on Intergranular Contacts Model 137 Vojislav Mitic, V. Paunovic, D. Mancic, Lj. Kocic, Lj. Zivkovic, and V.B. Pavlovic Dielectric Properties of ACu3Ti4012-type Perovskites 145 Matthew C. Ferrarelli, Derek C. Sinclair and Anthony R. West Dielectric Properties of Rare Earth Doped Sr-M Hexaferrites 155 Anterpreet Singh, S. Bindra Narang, Kulwant Singh, and R.K. Kotnala High Temperature Piezoelectric Properties of Some Bismuth Layer-Structured Ferroelectric Ceramics 167 Tadashi Takenaka, Hajime Nagata, Toji Tokutsu, Kazuhiro Miyabayashi, and Yuji Hiruma Effective Size of Vacancies in the âÃ^÷^Ïâ,ÔßÏ^ Superstructure 177 Rick Ubic, Ganesanpotti Subodh, Mailadil T. Sebastian, Delphine Gout and Thomas Proffen Effect of Dopants and Processing on the Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of CaCu3Ti4012 (CCTO) 187 Barry Bender and M. Pan Author Index 199
£137.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Processing and Properties of Advanced Ceramics
Book SynopsisThis book serves as a valuable reference for the researchers and technologists interested in innovative approaches to the synthesis and processing of ceramics and composites, as well as their properties.Table of ContentsPreface. MICROWAVE PROCESSING. Continuous Microwave-Driven Polyol Process for Synthesizing Ytterbium-Doped Yttria Powder (M. A. Imam, A. W. Fliflet, K. L. Siebach, A. David, R. W. Bruce, S. B. Qadri, C. R. Feng and S. H. Gold). Microwave Irradiation-Assisted Method for the Rapid Synthesis of Fine Particles of α-Al2O3and α-(Al1-xCrx)2O3and Their Coatings on Si(100) (Anshita Gairola, A. M. Umarji, and S. A. Shivashankar). CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION. Synthesis and Characterization of Si/Si2N20/Si3N4 Composites from Solid-Gas Precursor System Via CVD (J. C. Flores-Garcia, A. L. Leal-Cruz, and M. I. Pech-Canul). Effect of Flow Rate, Nitrogen Precursor and Diluent on Si2N2ODeposition by HYSYCVD (A. L. Leal-Cruz, M. I. Pech-Canul, E. Lara-Curzio, R. M. Trejo, and R. Peascoe). COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS. MgAl2O4/SiC Composite Ceramic Material Produced by Combustion Synthesis (Podbolotov Kirill Borisovich and Diatlova Evgenija Mihajlovna). Finite Element Analysis of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis of Strontium-Doped Lanthanum Manganate (Sidney Lin and Jiri Selig). REACTION FORMING AND POLYMER PROCESSING. Comparison of Bulk and Nanoscale Properties of Polymer Precursor Derived Silicon Carbide with Sintered Silicon Carbide (Arif Rahman, Suraj C. Zunjarra, and R. P. Singh). Process Design and Production of Boron Trichloride from Native Boron Carbide in Lab-Scale (D. Agaogullari and I. Duman). SINTERING AND HOT PRESSING. Spark Plasma Sintered Alumina-Zirconia Nano-Composites by Addition of Hydroxyapatite (S. F. Li, H. Izui, M. Okano, W. H. Zhang, and T. Watanabe). Comparison of Slip Cast to Hot Pressed Boron Carbide (T. Sano, E.S.C. Chin, B. Paliwal, and M. W. Chen). AMORPHOUS CERAMICS. Mechanically Driven Amorphization and Bulk Nanocrystalline Synthesis of Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics (H. Kimura). Preparation and Characterization of Fused Silica Based Ceramic Cores Used in Superalloy Casting (M. Arin, S. Sevik, and A. B. Kayihan). COATINGS AND FILMS. Photon Effects in Ultra-Thin Oxide Films: Synthesis and Functional Properties (S. Ramanathan, M. Tsuchiya, C. L. Chang, and C. Ko). Faradayic Process for Electrophoretic Deposition of Thermal Barrier Coatings for Use in Gas Turbine Engines (Joseph Kell and Heather McCrabb). A Novel Method to Spray Tungsten Carbide Using Low Pressure Cold Spray Technology (J. Wang and J. Villafuerte). COMPOSITES. Foreign Object Damage Versus Static Indentation Damage in an Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite (Sung R. Choi, Donald J. Alexander, and David C. Faucett). Distinguished Functions Making the Best Use of the Unique Composite Structures (Toshihiro Ishikawa). Effects of Environment on Creep Behavior of NEXTEL 720/ Alumina-Mullite Ceramic Composite at 1200 °C (C. L Genelin and M. B. Ruggles-Wrenn). Performance of Composite Materials in Corrosive Conditions: Evaluation of Adhesion Loss in Polymers Via Cathodic Disbondment and a Newly Developed NDE Technique (Davion Hill, Colin Scott, Ayca Ertekin, and Narasi Sridhar). Effect of Variations in Process Shear on the Mixedness of an Alumina-Titania System (C. August, M. Jitianu, and R. Haber). MODELING. Modeling of the Pressure in 1-D Green Ceramic Bodies during Depressurization from Conditions of Supercritical Extraction of Binder (Kumar Krishnamurthy and Stephen J. Lombardo). Models of the Strength of Green Ceramic Bodies as a Function of Binder Content and Temperature (Stephen J. Lombardo and Rajiv Sachanandani). Finite Element Modeling of Steel Wire Drawing through Dies Based on Encapsulated Hard Particles (Daniel J. Cunningham, Erik M. Byrne, Ivi Smid, John M. Keane). Author Index.
£137.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Advanced Materials Innovation
Book SynopsisThrough detailed case studies of the most important advanced material creations of the latter 20th and early 21st century, the author explores the role of the field of advanced materials in the technological and economic activity today, with implications to the innovation process in general. A comprehensive study that encompasses the three major categories of advanced material technologies, i.e., Structural Materials (metals and polymers), Functional Materials (transistor, microchip and semiconductor laser) and Hybrid and New Forms of Matter (liquid crystals and nanomaterials). Extensive use of primary sources, including unpublished interviews with the scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs on the front lines of advanced materials creation Original approach to case study narrative, emphasizing interaction between the advanced material process, perceived risk and directing and accelerating breakthrough technology Table of ContentsPREFACE xvii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxvii PART I INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1 1 Advanced Materials Innovation: An Overview 3 1.1 The Advanced Materials Revolution, 3 1.2 The Economic Impact of Advanced Materials, 6 1.2.1 Information and Computer Technology, 8 1.2.2 Energy, 9 1.2.3 Biotechnology and Health Care, 10 1.2.4 Transportation, 11 1.2.5 Construction, Infrastructure, and Manufacturing, 12 1.3 Advanced Material Innovation: The Main Players, 13 References, 15 PART II STRUCTURAL MATERIALS: METALS AND POLYMERS 17 2 Advanced Casting Technology: Ultrathin Steel and the Microalloys 19 2.1 Introduction, 19 2.2 Background, 20 2.2.1 Thick Slab Casting and “Big Steel”, 20 2.2.2 The Mini- and Micromill Revolution: Thin Slab and Thin Strip Casting, 21 2.2.3 Ultrathin Steel and Microalloys, 22 2.3 Nucor Steel: Ground Zero for the Mini (and Micro-)-Mill Revolution, 23 2.3.1 Nucor’s Flexible Structure, 24 2.3.2 Ken Iverson and Nucor, 24 2.3.3 Nucor Builds a Steel Minimill, 25 2.4 Thin Slab and Thin Strip Casting: Research and Development, 27 2.4.1 Thin Slab Casting, 27 2.4.2 Thin Strip Casting, 28 2.5 Thin Slab and Thin Strip Casting: Scale-Up, 30 2.5.1 The Challenges of Scaling, 30 2.5.2 Nucor and Reducing the Risks of Scaling, 31 2.5.2.1 Structural Risks, 31 2.5.2.2 Resource Risks: Capital, Raw Materials, and Labor, 32 2.5.2.3 Experiential Risks, 34 2.6 Thin Slab and Thin Strip Casting: Commercialization, 34 2.6.1 Commercializing the Thin Slab Process: Nucor’s “Internalized Static” Culture and Technology Selection, 35 2.6.2 Commercializing the Thin Strip Process: Nucor Creates a Dynamic Expansionist Culture, 36 References, 38 3 High-Pressure Technology and Dupont’s Synthetic Fiber Revolution 41 3.1 Background: The High-Pressure Process and Advanced Materials, 42 3.1.1 The Nature of High-Pressure Synthesis, 42 3.1.2 DuPont: High-Pressure Synthesis and Its Road to Advanced Fibers, 44 3.1.2.1 DuPont’s Diversification Strategy, 44 3.1.2.2 DuPont Enters Upon—and Struggles with—High-Pressure Synthesis, 45 3.1.2.3 Roger Williams and the First-Generation High-Pressure Chemicals, 47 3.2 Dupont’s Nylon Revolution, 48 3.2.1 Charles Stine and DuPont’s Central Research Department, 49 3.2.2 Stine Finds His Star Scientist: Wallace Carothers, 51 3.2.3 Carothers and Nylon, 53 3.2.3.1 Nylon: Research Phase, 53 3.2.3.2 Nylon: Development, Scale-Up, and Commercialization, 56 3.3 Nylon’s Children: Orlon and Dacron, 60 3.3.1 Orlon, 61 3.3.1.1 Orlon: Research Phase, 61 3.3.1.2 Orlon: Development Phase, 63 3.3.1.3 Orlon: Scale-Up and Commercialization, 64 3.3.2 Dacron, 65 3.3.2.1 Dacron: Research Phase, 65 3.3.2.2 Dacron: Development, 66 3.3.2.3 Dacron: Scale-Up and Commercialization, 67 References, 68 4 Low-Temperature (Interfacial) Polymerization: DuPont’s Specialty Fibers Versus General Electric’s Polycarbonate Revolution 71 4.1 Introduction and Background, 72 4.2 Dupont and Specialty Fibers, 74 4.2.1 Lycra Spandex and the Block Copolymers, 75 4.2.2 Kevlar and the Aramids, 77 4.3 General Electric and the Polycarbonates, 80 4.3.1 The Polycarbonates: Research Phase, 80 4.3.2 The Polycarbonates: Development and Scale-Up, 82 4.3.3 The Polycarbonates: Commercialization Phase—GE Research Shifts from an Internally Directed to Externally Oriented Culture, 85 4.3.3.1 The Patent Issue, 86 4.3.3.2 The Customer Issue, 87 References, 88 5 Fluidization I: From Advanced Fuels to the Polysilicones 91 5.1 Background: Fluidization and Advanced Fuels, 91 5.1.1 Sun Oil and the Houdry Process, 92 5.1.2 Jersey Standard and the Fluidization Process, 94 5.2 General Electric and the Polysilicones, 100 5.2.1 The Silicones: Initiation Phase, 100 5.2.2 The Silicones: Research Phase, 101 5.2.2.1 Early Research, 101 5.2.2.2 Later Research, 102 5.2.3 The Silicones: Development Phase, 103 5.2.3.1 Early Development, 103 5.2.3.2 Later Development, 105 5.2.4 The Silicones: Commercialization Phase, 107 5.2.4.1 Patents, 108 5.2.4.2 Internal Use Versus External Customers, 108 References, 112 6 Fluidization II: Polyethylene, the Unipol Process, and the Metallocenes 115 6.1 Background: Polyethylene and the Dupont Problem, 116 6.1.1 DuPont and the Polychemicals Department, 116 6.1.2 DuPont and Delrin Plastic, 117 6.1.3 DuPont and Polyethylene, 118 6.1.3.1 European Developments, 118 6.1.3.2 DuPont and the “One Polyethylene” Strategy, 120 6.1.3.3 DuPont and the High-Density Polyethylene Problem, 121 6.1.3.4 DuPont and Fluidization, 122 6.2 Union Carbide and the Polyolefins: The Unipol Process, 122 6.2.1 Union Carbide and Polyethylene: Background, 123 6.2.2 The Unipol Process: Initiation Phase, 125 6.2.3 The Unipol Process: Research Phase, 127 6.2.3.1 The Unipol Process: Development and Scale-Up Phases, 129 6.2.4 The Unipol Process: Commercialization Phase, 133 6.3 The Unipol Revolution and the Metallocene Polymers, 137 6.3.1 Science and Technology of the Metallocenes, 137 6.3.2 The Metallocene Era and Advanced Materials, 138 References, 139 PART III FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS: SEMICONDUCTORS 143 7 Advanced Materials and the Integrated Circuit I: The Metal-on-Silicon (MOS) Process 145 7.1 Background, 146 7.1.1 The Vacuum Tube and Advanced Materials, 146 7.2 Bell Labs and the Point-Contact Transistor, 148 7.2.1 Bell Labs: The Early Years, 148 7.2.2 Bell Semiconductor Research: The Leading Players, 150 7.2.3 The Point-Contact Transistor, 152 7.3 Shockley Semiconductor and the Junction Transistor, 156 7.3.1 The Junction (Bipolar) Transistor, 156 7.3.2 The Creation and Fall of Shockley Semiconductor, 159 7.4 Fairchild Semiconductor: The Bipolar Company, 160 7.4.1 The Silicon Transistor, 160 7.4.2 The Planar Process, 162 7.4.3 The Integrated Circuit, 163 7.5 The MOS Technology at Bell and Fairchild, 165 7.5.1 MOS Research at Bell Labs, 165 7.5.2 MOS Research and Development at Fairchild, 168 7.5.2.1 The Fairchild MOS Project: Initiation, Research, and Early Development, 168 7.5.2.2 Development and Early Attempts at Scale-Up: Risk Analysis, 169 References, 176 8 Advanced Materials and the Integrated Circuit II: The Silicon Gate Process—The Memory Chip and the Microprocessor 179 8.1 Background: Creating Intel, 180 8.2 The MOS-SG Process: Research and Early Development, 182 8.3 The MOS-SG Process: Development Phase—Perfecting the Process, 182 8.4 The MOS-SG Process: Product Development, 185 8.4.1 MOS-SG and Memory I: The “DRAM”, 185 8.4.2 MOS-SG and Memory II: The “EPROM”, 187 8.4.3 MOS-SG and the Microprocessor, 189 8.4.3.1 Ted Hoff, Circuit Design, and Inventing the Microprocessor, 189 8.4.3.2 Federico Faggin, the MOS-SG Process, and Making the Microprocessor, 190 8.4.3.3 The Competitive Advantage of Intel’s Microprocessor, 191 8.4.3.4 Championing the Microprocessor at Intel, 192 8.5 MOS-SG: Scale-Up and Commercialization, 194 8.5.1 Competition and Resource Allocation, 196 8.5.2 The MOS-SG Process, Moore’s Law, and Intel’s “Internalized Short-Term Dynamic” Culture, 197 References, 200 9 The Epitaxial Process I: Bell Labs and the Semiconductor Laser 203 9.1 Background: Advanced Materials, the Epitaxial Process, and Nonsilicon-based Microchips, 204 9.2 Bell Labs and the Semiconductor Laser, 206 9.2.1 The First Lasers, 207 9.2.2 Early Research on the Semiconductor Laser in the United States, 210 9.2.3 Bell’s Semiconductor Laser: Initiation and Research, 211 9.2.4 Bell’s Semiconductor Laser: Development, 212 9.2.4.1 Toward a Working Prototype, 213 9.2.4.2 Resource Problems and Creative Bootstrapping, 214 9.2.4.3 Development of the Semiconductor Laser Gains Importance at AT&T/Bell Labs, 215 9.2.4.4 The Million-Hour Laser, 217 9.2.5 Bell’s Semiconductor Laser: Scale-Up and Commercialization, 218 9.2.5.1 The Semiconductor Laser Advances to Higher Wavelengths, 218 9.2.5.2 Bell Faces Competition, 220 References, 221 10 The Epitaxial Process II: IBM and the Silicon–Germanium (SiGe) Chip 223 10.1 IBM and its research, 224 10.2 IBM and the Silicon–Germanium Chip, 226 10.2.1 The Silicon–Germanium Chip: Initiation and Research Phases, 226 10.2.1.1 A Question of Temperature, 228 10.2.1.2 A Question of Layering: Molecular Beams Versus Chemical Vapor Deposition, 229 10.2.1.3 The Germanium Solution, 230 10.2.2 The Silicon–Germanium Chip: Development Phase, 231 10.2.2.1 Internal Competition, 231 10.2.2.2 Grappling with a Shifting Context and Shrinking Resources, 233 10.2.2.3 Dealing with a Dynamic Market, 235 10.2.3 The Silicon–Germanium Chip: Scale-Up and Commercialization, 235 10.2.3.1 Integrating the Silicon–Germanium Chip into IBM’s Production Process, 235 10.2.3.2 Finding New Markets, 236 10.2.3.3 Creating New Strategies, 237 References, 239 PART IV HYBRID MATERIALS AND NEW FORMS OF MATTER: LIQUID CRYSTALS AND NANOMATERIALS 243 11 Product-Oriented Materials I: Liquid Crystals and Small LC Displays—the Electronic Calculator and the Digital Watch 245 11.1 Background, 246 11.2 RCA and Liquid Crystal Research, 248 11.2.1 The Liquid Crystal Display: Initiation and Research at RCA, 248 11.2.1.1 Richard Williams and His Liquid Crystal “Domains”, 248 11.2.1.2 George Heilmeier and His Two Modes of Liquid Crystal Action, 249 11.2.1.3 The Search for Room-Temperature Liquid Crystals, 251 11.2.1.4 The First Experimental Displays, 252 11.2.2 The Liquid Crystal Display: (Attempts at) Development at RCA, 252 11.2.2.1 Weakening Influence of the Sarnoff Labs, 252 11.2.2.2 Search for a Business Unit, 253 11.2.2.3 Loss of the Champion, 255 11.3 Small LCD Development, Scale-up, and Commercialization I: US Start-ups Spin-off, 255 11.4 Europe and Liquid Crystals, 259 11.5 Small LCD Development, Scale-up, and Commercialization II: Japan, 260 11.5.1 The Sharp Corporation and the LCD Pocket Calculator, 261 11.5.2 The Seiko Corporation and the Digital Watch, 265 References, 268 12 Product-oriented Materials II: Liquid Crystals, Thin-Film Transistors, and Large LC Displays—Flat-screen Televisions and Personal Computers 271 12.1 Background, 272 12.2 TFTs: Initiation, Research, and Early Development, 273 12.2.1 The United States: Westinghouse and TFTs, 273 12.2.2 Europe: New Forms of Silicon and TFTs, 276 12.3 Large LCDs: Development, Scale-up, and Commercialization, 276 12.3.1 Large LC Display Start-Up and Spin-Off Ventures in the United States, 277 12.3.2 Japan Enters into Large LC Displays, 278 12.3.2.1 Flat-Panel (Hang-on-the-Wall) TVs, 278 12.3.2.2 Computer Displays: Joint US–Japanese Cooperation, 281 References, 284 13 Nanomaterials: The Promise and the Challenge 287 13.1 Background, 287 13.1.1 Nanomaterials, 288 13.1.2 Nanotubes, 289 13.2 Nanotubes: Discovery and Early Research, 291 13.2.1 Early Research, 291 13.2.1.1 A Question of Space Dust, 291 13.2.1.2 Richard Smalley, Clusters, and the “AP2” Machine, 293 13.2.1.3 Chance Discovery of a New Form of Matter: C60 and the “Buckyball”, 295 13.3 Nanotubes: Later Research and Early Development, 298 13.3.1 A Small Buckyball “Factory” in Germany, 299 13.3.2 Smalley Reenters the Fray: An Entrepreneurial Vision, 300 13.3.3 The Laser Oven Stopgap, 302 13.3.4 The “HiPco” Solution: Fluidization and Nanomaterials, 303 13.4 Nanotubes: Later Development and Scale-up, 303 13.4.1 Technology Transfer: From Rice University to Carbon Nanotechnologies Inc., 303 13.4.1.1 CNI and Its Pilot Plant, 304 13.4.1.2 SWNTs and Their Problems, 305 13.5 Nanotubes—commercialization: The Case of Bayer Materials Science, 308 References, 311 PART V CONCLUSION 315 14 Risks, Champions, and Advanced Materials Innovation 317 14.1 The Major Task Milestones in Advanced Materials Creation, 318 14.2 “Underground” Versus “Aboveground” Advanced Materials Innovation, 320 14.2.1 Underground Versus Aboveground Innovation, Strategic Context, and the Major Task Milestones, 321 14.2.2 Underground Versus Aboveground Innovation: Firm and Project Characteristics, 325 14.3 Underground Advanced Materials Creation: General Electric and Union Carbide, 327 14.4 Aboveground Advanced Materials Creation and the “Gauntlet of Risks”, 330 14.4.1 Phase I: Initiation—“Relevancy” Risks, 337 14.4.2 Phase II: Early Research—Intellectual Risks, 347 14.4.3 Phase III: Late Research—Resource Minimization Risks, 363 14.4.4 Phase IV: Early Development—Prototyping Risks, 364 14.4.5 Phase V: Late Development—Technology–Market Interaction Risks, 371 14.4.6 Phase VI: Scale-Up Phase—Scaling Risks, 389 14.4.7 Phase VII: Commercialization Phase—“Cultural-Strategic” Risks, 390 14.5 The Structural Context and Advanced Materials Innovation, 419 14.6 Inventors and Champions, 422 14.6.1 Inventors, Champions, and the Gauntlet of Risks, 423 14.7 The Different Types of Advanced Materials Champions, 433 14.8 Final Thoughts and Implications, 438 14.8.1 Implications for Companies and Investors, 441 14.8.2 Implications for Government, 443 14.8.3 A Global Perspective, 444 References, 446 INDEX 449
£117.85
John Wiley & Sons Inc Physics of Functional Materials
Book SynopsisWritten by academics with more than 30 years experience teaching physics and material science, Physics of Functional Materials outlines the modern theory of atoms and molecules as well as different types of bonds in solids. This essential text is a one-stop reference on functional materials.Trade Review"[The book contains] a great deal of useful information." (The Higher Education Academy Physical Sciences Centre, December 2008)Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Structures of Melts and Solids. 1.1. Introduction. 1.2. X-ray Analysis. 1.3. The Hard Sphere Model of Atoms. 1.4. Crystal Structure. 1.5. Crystal Structures of Solid Metals. 1.6. Crystal Defects in Pure Metals. 1.7. Structures of Alloy Melts and Solids. 2. Theory of Atoms and Molecules. 2.1. Introduction. 2.2. The Bohr Model of Atomic Structure. 2.3. The Quantum Mechanical Model of Atomic Structure. 2.4. Solution of the Schrödinger Equation for Atoms. 2.5. Quantum Mechanics and Probability: Selection Rules. 2.6. The Quantum Mechanical Model of Molecular Structure. 2.7. Diatomic Molecules. 2.8. Polyatomic Molecules. 3. Theory of Solids. 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Bonds in Molecules and Solids: Some Definitions. 3.3. Bonds in Molecules and Nonmetallic Solids. 3.4. Metallic Bonds. 3.5. Band Theory of Solids. 3.6. Elastic Vibrations in Solids. 3.7. Influence of Lattice Defects on Electronic Structures in Crystals. 4. Properties of Gases. 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. Kinetic Theory of Gases. 4.3. Energy Distribution in Particle Systems: Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Law. 4.4. Gas Laws. 4.5. Heat Capacity. 4.6. Mean Free Path. 4.7. Viscosity. 4.8. Thermal Conduction. 4.9. Diffusion. 4.10. Molecular Sizes. 4.11. Properties of Gas Mixtures. 4.12. Plasma - The Fourth State of Matter. 5. Transformation Kinetics: Diffusion in Solids. 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Thermodynamics. 5.3. Transformation Kinetics. 5.4. Reaction Rates. 5.5. Kinetics of Homogeneous Reactions in Gases. 5.6. Diffusion in Solids. 6. Mechanical, Thermal and Magnetic Properties of Solids. 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Total Energy of Metallic Crystals. 6.3. Elasticity and Compressibility. 6.4. Expansion. 6.5. Heat Capacity. 6.6. Magnetism. 7. Transport Properties of Solids. Optical Properties of Solids. 7.1. Introduction. 7.2. Thermal Conduction. 7.3. Electrical Conduction. 7.4. Metallic Conductors. 7.5. Insulators. 7.6. Semiconductors. 7.7. Optical Properties of Solids. 8. Properties of Liquids and Melts. 8.1. Introduction. 8.2. X-ray Spectra of Liquids and Melts. 8.3. Models of Pure Liquids and Melts. 8.4. Melting Points of Solid Metals. 8.5. Density and Volume. 8.6. Thermal Expansion. 8.7. Heat Capacity. 8.8. Transport Properties of Liquids. 8.9. Diffusion. 8.10. Viscosity. 8.11. Thermal Conduction. 8.12. Electrical Conduction. Answers to Exercises. Index.
£178.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Advanced Materials for Sustainable Developments
Book SynopsisContributions from three symposia that were part of the 34th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC), inDaytona Beach,FL, January 24-29, 2010 are presented in this volume. The broad range of topics is captured by the symposia titles, which are listed as follows: International Symposium on Ceramics for Electric Energy Generation, Storage, and Distribution (debuted in 2010); Thermal Management Materials and Technologies (debuted in 2010); and lastly, and Advanced Sensor Technology, Developments and Applications (debuted in 2010). These new symposia emerged during this ICACC meeting due to community growth and interest, and thus each of these subject areas were established as stand-alone symposia. The current volume represents 15 contributions from the above listed symposia that embody the latest developments in engineering ceramics for energy technologies, thermal management utilizing either highly conductive or insulating materials, as well as advaTrade Review"The current volume represents 15 contributions from the above listed symposia that embody the latest developments in engineering ceramics for energy technologies, thermal management utilizing either highly conductive or insulating materials, as well as advances regarding the utilization of ceramics for sensors." (PR-Inside.com, 28 February 2011)Table of ContentsPreface vii Introduction ix Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Based on Anodic Ti02 Nanotubes Produced from Anodization in Fluoride-Free Electrolyte 1 Narges F. Fahim and Tohru Sekino Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis of Calcium Cobaltate Thermoelectric Powders 15 Sidney Lin, Jiri Selig, Dan F. Smith, Hua-Tay Lin, and Hsin Wang Effect of Rare-Earth Doping on Thermoelectric Properties of Porous SiC Synthesized by Silicon Carbonization Technique 25 Yusuke Yamamoto, Hiroshi Mabuchi, and Toshiyuki Matsui Powder Synthesis, Characterization and Sintering Behavior of Lithium Titanate 33 Srinivasan Ramanathan Processing of Titania Nanoceramics Via Conventional Sintering, Two-Step Sintering and Two-Step Sintering Assisted by Phase Transformation 41 Zohreh Razavi Hesabi and Mehdi Mazaheri Strength of N- and P-Type Skutterudites 49 A. A. Wereszczak, M. E. Ragan, K. T. Strong, Jr., P. J. Ritt, H. Wang, J. R. Salvador, and J. Yang Graphite and Ceramic Coated Particles for the HTR 61 Heinz Nabielek and Mark Mitchell Development and Characterization of High Conductivity Graphite Foams for Thermal Management Applications 75 A. L. Gyekenyesi, M. Singh, C. E. Smith, P. G. Stansberry, M. K. Alam, and D. L. Vrable Integration of Graphite Foams to Titanium for Thermal Management Applications 83 M. Singh, Rajiv Asthana, C. E. Smith, and A. L. Gyekenyesi Fabrication of Novel Heat Insulator using Porous Ceramics Materials 91 Kazuma Kugimiya, Mitsue Ogawa, and Hideaki Matsubara Detection and Classification of Gaseous Compounds by Solid Electrolyte Cyclic Voltammetry Sensors 99 Grzegorz Jasinski Wireless Chemical Sensor for Combustion Species at High Temperatures using 4H-SÍC 109 Geunsik Lim and Aravinda Kar High Temperature Acoustic Wave Gas Sensor using Langasite Crystal Resonator 119 Hongbin Cheng, Lifeng Qin, and Qing-Ming Wang Synthesis of (La,Nd):Y203 and (La,Yb):Y203 Laser Ceramics and Their Optical Properties 125 Yihua Huang and Dongliang Jiang Metal Oxide Nanoelectrodes for Environmental Sensors—ZnO Rods and Particulate Films 131 Yoshitake Masuda, Dewei Chu, Xiulan Hu, Tatsuki Ohji, Kazumi Kato, Masako Ajimi, Makoto Bekki, and Shuji Sonezaki Author Index 139
£78.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Heterogeneous Electrode Processes and Localized
Book SynopsisThis book covers the areas of electrochemical heterogeneity and electrode inhomogeneity and their effects on nonuniform electrode processes, in particular, localized corrosion. It covers the fundamentals, experimental methods, and engineering aspects of electrochemical heterogeneity.Table of ContentsPreface ix 1. Homogeneous Electrode Models and Uniform Corrosion Measurements 1 1.1 Homogeneous electrodes and traditional electrochemical methods 3 1.2 Mixed electrodes and uniform corrosion models 7 1.3 The mixed potential theory and electrochemical corrosion measurement 10 1.4 Electrochemical impedance investigation of electrode-solution interface 19 1.5 Electrochemical noise monitoring of rapid electrode processes 26 1.6 Issues and difficulties in traditional electrochemical methods 31 References 32 2. Probing Electrode Inhomogeneity, Electrochemical Heterogeneity and Localized Corrosion 37 2.1 Probing electrode inhomogeneity 39 2.2 Probing electrochemical heterogeneity and localized corrosion 44 2.3 Overview of various techniques for probing localized corrosion 48 References 61 3. Visualizing Localized Corrosion Using Electrochemically Integrated Multielectrode Arrays 67 3.1 An electrochemically integrated multielectrode array: The wire beam electrode 70 3.2 Visualizing the progression of localized corrosion in an Evans water drop 76 3.3 Visualizing localized corrosion in environments with ion concentration gradients 84 3.4 Visualizing localized corrosion by the WBE in conjunction with scanning probes 91 References 99 4. Measuring Thermodynamic and Kinetic Parameters from Localized Corrosion Processes 101 4.1 Methods of probing localized corrosion thermodynamics and kinetics 103 4.2 Measuring localized corrosion using the overpotential-galvanic current method 109 4.3 Measuring localized corrosion using the galvanic current method 120 4.4 Measuring localized corrosion using the Rn-WBE method 125 References 131 5. Characterizing Inhomogeneity and Localised Corrosion on Coated Electrode Surfaces 135 5.1 Characterising inhomogeneities in organic coatings and inhibitor films 137 5.2 Characterising inhomogeneity in organic coatings using the WBE method 141 5.3 The effects of coating inhomogeneity on electrochemical measurement 145 5.4 Visualisng underfilm corrosion and the effects of cathodic protection 148 5.5 Studying corrosion protection by coatings and cathodic protection 155 References 157 6. Designing Experiments for Studying Localized Corrosion and Its Inhibition in Inhomogeneous Media 161 6.1 Basic issues in localized corrosion and inhibitor test design 162 6.2 Fundamental considerations in selecting corrosion measurement techniques 165 6.3 Designing corrosion tests in highly-resistive and inhomogeneous media 168 6.4 Case studies: Designing crevice corrosion tests by means of the WBE 181 6.5 Case study: Designing experiments for localized corrosion inhibitor discovery 186 References 190 7. Sensing Localized Electrodeposition and Electrodissolution195 7.1 Experimental methods for sensing localized electrodeposition and dissolution 197 7.2 Sensing localized electrodeposition using the WBE 200 7.3 Sensing localized electrodissolution using the WBE 204 7.4 Sensing nonuniform electrochemical deposition of organic coatings 211 References 216 8. Versatile Heterogeneous Electrode Processes 219 8.1 Scanning and modeling various heterogeneous electrode processes 222 8.2 Electrochemical noise generation from electrochemical heterogeneity 225 8.3 Harvesting electrical power from electrochemical using the WBE 231 8.4 Further research issues on electrochemical heterogeneity 237 References 238 Index 243
£107.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Encyclopedia of Membrane Science and Technology 3
Book SynopsisForeword by Professor Menachem Elimelech, Yale University, USA This 3-volume thematic work provides critical assessment of the status and advancements in materials and fabrication of membranes, membrane based processes, and applications critical to industrial applications and research from fundamental and practical levels.Table of ContentsForeword Menachem Elimelech Part I. Membrane Separation and Transport Introduction Eric M.V. Hoek, Volodymyr V. Tarabara, and MaryTheresa M. Pendergast Solution-diffusion processes Arne R.D. Verliefde, Paul Van der Meeren, and Bart Van der Bruggen Inorganic Membrane Filtration, Modeling Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Weihong Xing, Weixing Li, Yiqun Fan, Wanqin Jin, and Nanping Xu Mechanistic Modeling of Transport in Nanofiltration Anthony Szymczyk Mass transport in ion-exchange membranes Yoshinobu Tanaka Gas separation membranes Ho Bum Park Gas Transport in Dense Polymeric Membranes, Molecular Dynamics Simulations Sylvie Neyertz Scaling Jack Gilron Pore blocking models Chia-Chi Ho Cake/Biofilm enhanced concentration polarization Jenia Gutman and Moshe Herzberg Fouling in membrane bioreactors Anusha Kola, Yun Ye, and Vicki Chen Part II. Membrane Materials, Characterization, and Module Design Membrane Materials and Module Development, Historical Perspective Jane Kucera Track-etching Pavel Apel Micro-engineered membranes Cees. J.M. van Rijn Mixed-matrix membranes Ryan Adams, J.R. Johnson, Chen Zhang, Ryan Lively, Ying Dai, O. Esekhile, Junqiang Liu, and W.J. Koros Thin Films and Membranes with Hierarchical Porosity Dan Li, Jianfeng Yao, and Huanting Wang Surface modification of membranes Yan Fang, Jian Wu, and Zhi-Kang Xu Ion exchange membranes Yaoming Wang and Tongwen Xu Solvent Resistant Nanofiltration Membranes Katrien Hendrix and Ivo Vankelecom Liquid membranes, supported and emulsion Gloria Villora Inorganic membranes Shaomin Liu, Xiaoyao Tan, and Kang Li Thin inorganic porous hollow fiber membranes Mieke W.J. Luiten-Olieman, Michiel J.T. Raaijmakers, Arian Nijmeijer, and Nieck E. Benes Interfacial polymerization Benjamin J. Feinberg and Eric M.V. Hoek Thin-Film Ceramic Membranes C. Yacou, D. Wang, J. Motuzas, X. Zhang, S. Smart, and J. C Diniz da Costa Sol-gel-derived silica membranes Masakoto Kanezashi Ionic Liquids in Gas Separation Membranes Jason E. Bara Carbon membranes Ahmad Fauzi Ismail Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity Neil B. McKeown and Peter M. Budd Silica Colloidal Nanoporous Membranes Amir Khabibullin and Ilya Zharov Gold Nanotube Membranes Leonora Velleman, Joe G. Shapter, and Dosan Losic Biological and Biomimetic Membranes Manish Kumar, Yue-xiao Shen, and Patrick O. Saboe Stimuli-responsive membranes Kin-Ho Wee and Renbi Bai Constitutional dynameric networks for membranes Mihail Barboiu Photocatalytic ceramic membranes Abolfazl Zakersalehi, Joel Andersen, Hyeok Choi, and Dionysios D. Dionysiou Superhydrophobic Biomimetic Fibrous Membranes Aikifa Raza and Bin Ding Membrane characterization Roy Bernstein, Yair Kaufman, and Viatcheslav Freger Porosity José Ignacio Calvo Díez, Aldo Bottino, Pedro Prádanos, Laura Palacio, and Antonio Hernández Membrane integrity monitoring Vitaly Gitis and Gadi Rothenberg Membrane Characterization by Atomic Force Microscopy Daniel J. Johnson and Nidal Hilal Microanalysis of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes Orlando Coronell, Marc ter Horst, and Carrie Donley Design and Construction of Commercial Spiral Wound Modules Jon E. Johnson Dynamic crossflow filtration Michel Y. Jaffrin Part III. Membrane Processes Microfiltration Shankar Chellam Ultrafiltration James E. Kilduff Nanofiltration Bart Van der Bruggen Diafiltration Zoltan Kovacs and Peter Czermak Hybrid processes combining sorption and membrane filtration Nalan Kabay and Marek Bryjak Reverse osmosis Lianfa Song, Cui Liu, and Shuang Liang Forward Osmosis Jeffrey McCutcheon Pressure-retarded osmosis Amy Childress Electro-Membrane Processes Ajay K. Singh and Vinod K. Shahi Reverse electrodialysis Odne S. Burheim, Jon G. Pharoah, David Vermaas, B. B. Sales, K. Nijmeijer, and H. V. M. Hamelers Membrane electrolysis Pierre Millet Pervaporation Anne Jonquières CO2 capture Xuezhong He, Qiang Yu, May-Britt Hägg Metallic Membranes for High Temperature Hydrogen Separation Yi Hua Ma, Jacopo Catalano, and Federico Guazzone Natural gas purification Haiqing Lin, Lloyd S. White, Kaaeid Lokhandwala, and Richard W. Baker Oxygen-nitrogen separation Dipak Rana and Takeshi Matsuura Membrane contactors Alessandra Criscuoli Catalytic membrane reactors Sahar Soltani, Muhammad Sahimi, and Theodore Tsotsis Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactors Eoin Syron and Eoin Casey Membrane reactors, Applications Angelo Basile, Simona Liguori, and Adolfo Iulianelli Part IV. Membrane Applications Seawater Desalination - Cost and Technology Trends Nikolay Voutchkov Membrane Bioreactors, Applications to Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Stefan Krause and Christoph Thiemig Membranes for Osmotic Power S.T.V. Sim, Rong Wang, M. Tian, and A.G. Fane Organic Solvent Nanofiltration György Székely, Patrizia Marchetti, Maria F. Jimenez-Solomon, and Andrew G. Livingston Gas separation, Applications A. Brunetti, G. Barbieri, and Enrico Drioli Analytical applications of membranes Merlin L. Bruening Conducting Polymer Membranes Krzysztof Maksymiuk and Agata Michalska Application of membranes in biotechnology Raja Ghosh Applications of supported liquid membranes and emulsion liquid membranes Raffaele Molinari and Pietro Argurio Applications of pertraction in biotechnology D.Cascaval, Anca-Irina Galaction, and D. Boldureanu Polymer Membranes for fuel cells R. Wycisk, J. Ballengee and Peter N. Pintauro Polymeric Membranes for Energy Applications Tai-Shung Chung Food Industry Applications Frank Lipnizki Membrane-based treatment of textile industry wastewaters Ismail Koyuncu Membrane-based techniques for nuclear waste processing Anil Kumar Pabby, J.V. Sonawane, and Ana M. Sastre Membrane-based treatment of pulp and paper industry wastewaters Mari Kallioinen, Mika Mänttäri, and Marianne Nystrom Enantioselective Membranes Masakazu Yoshikawa and Akon Higuchi Membranes for Microfluidic Applications Goran T. Vladisavljeviæ, Isao Kobayashi, and Mitsutoshi Nakajima Part V. Membrane Terminology, Societies, Conferences, and Periodicals Membrane Terminology Michael D. Guiver, Eric M.V. Hoek, Victor Nikonenko, Volodymyr V. Tarabara , and Andrew L. Zydney International Membrane Societies Christopher A. Crock and Pejman Ahmadiannamini Membrane Related Conferences, Seminars, Symposia and Workshops Emily N. Tummons and Miguel Herrera-Robledo Membrane Related Research Periodicals Emily N. Tummons and Miguel Herrera-Robledo
£835.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Porous Materials 3 Inorganic Materials Series
Book SynopsisPorous Materials focuses on the exciting field of porous materials, in which there have been a number of significant breakthroughs in the design and processing of novel porous materials.Table of ContentsInorganic Materials Series Preface ix Preface xi List of Contributors xiii 1 Metal-Organic Framework Materials 1 Cameron J. Kepert 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Porosity 3 1.2.1 Framework Structures and Properties 3 1.2.2 Storage and Release 18 1.2.3 Selective Guest Adsorption and Separation 21 1.2.4 Heterogeneous Catalysis 27 1.3 Incorporation of Other Properties 31 1.3.1 Magnetic Ordering 32 1.3.2 Electronic and Optical Properties 41 1.3.3 Structural and Mechanical Properties 51 1.4 Concluding Remarks 54 Acknowledgements 56 References 56 2 Mesoporous Silicates 69 Karen J. Edler 2.1 Introduction 69 2.2 Nomenclature 70 2.3 Methods of Preparation 71 2.4 Surfactant Aggregation 72 2.5 Silica Source 75 2.6 Template Removal 79 2.7 Synthetic Routes and Formation Mechanisms 83 2.7.1 True Liquid Crystal Templating 83 2.7.2 Cooperative Self-Assembly 87 2.7.3 Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly 99 2.8 Properties and Characterisation 108 2.9 Macroscopic Structures 117 2.10 Applications 124 References 128 3 Ordered Porous Crystalline Transition Metal Oxides 147 Masahiro Sadakane and Wataru Ueda 3.1 Introduction 147 3.2 Scope and Limitations of this Review 148 3.3 Microporous Transition Metal Oxide Materials 149 3.4 Mesoporous Transition Metal Oxide Materials 153 3.4.1 Soft Template Method 154 3.4.2 Hard Template Method 155 3.4.3 MesoporousOxides ofGroup 4 Elements (Ti,Zr) 157 3.4.4 MesoporousOxidesofGroup5Elements (Nb,Ta) 170 3.4.5 Mesoporous Oxides of Group 6 Elements (Cr, Mo, W) 172 3.4.6 Mesoporous Oxides of Group 7 Elements (Mn) 172 3.4.7 Mesoporous Oxides of Elements of Groups 8–11 (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) 173 3.4.8 Mesoporous Oxides of Lanthanide Elements (Ce) 174 3.5 Macroporous Materials 174 3.5.1 Macroporous Monometal Oxides 177 3.5.2 MacroporousOxidesofGroup4Elements (Ti,Zr) 191 3.5.3 MacroporousOxidesofGroup5Elements(V,Nb) 191 3.5.4 MacroporousOxidesofGroup6Elements(Cr,W) 192 3.5.5 Macroporous Oxides of Elements of Groups 7–11 (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) 193 3.5.6 Macroporous Oxides of Lanthanide Elements (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu) 194 3.5.7 Macroporous Multi-Component Metal Oxides 194 3.5.8 Two-Step Templating Method 207 3.5.9 Applications 207 3.6 Conclusion 209 References 209 4 Templated Porous Carbon Materials: Recent Developments 217 Yongde Xia, Zhuxian Yang and Robert Mokaya 4.1 Introduction 217 4.2 Microporous Carbon Materials 221 4.2.1 Zeolites as Hard Template 221 4.2.2 Clays as Hard Template 229 4.2.3 Other Microporous Materials as Hard Template 231 4.3 Mesoporous Carbon Materials 231 4.3.1 Conventional Hard Template Synthesis Strategy 232 4.3.2 Cost-Effective Strategies for the Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbons 240 4.3.3 Soft-Template Synthesis Strategy for Ordered Mesoporous Carbons 241 4.3.4 Ordered Mesoporous Carbons with Graphitic Pore Wall 244 4.3.5 Mesopore Size Control 246 4.3.6 Morphology Control 247 4.4 Macroporous Carbon Materials 252 4.4.1 Silica Colloidal Crystals as Hard Template 252 4.4.2 Polymer Microspheres as Template 254 4.4.3 Dual Template Method 255 References 258 5 Synthetic Silicate Zeolites: Diverse Materials Accessible Through Geoinspiration 265 Miguel A. Camblor and Suk Bong Hong 5.1 Introduction 265 5.2 Zeolites: Some Definitions 267 5.3 Zeolite Structures 269 5.4 Chemical Composition of Silicate Zeolites 270 5.4.1 Naming Zeolites 272 5.4.2 Loewenstein’s Rule 273 5.5 Zeolite Properties 274 5.6 Zeolite Applications 275 5.7 Zeolite Synthesis 279 5.7.1 The Synthetic Zeolites as Geoinspired Materials 279 5.7.2 Thermochemistry of Zeolite Synthesis 281 5.7.3 Organic Structure-Directing Agents 284 5.7.4 Structure-Direction by Flexible, Hydrophilic OSDAs 289 5.7.5 Double OSDA Strategies 295 5.7.6 Structure-Direction by T-Atoms 297 5.7.7 Zeolite Synthesis from Nonaqueous Solvents 307 5.7.8 The Fluoride Route to Zeolites 308 5.7.9 Structure-Direction Issues in the Fluoride Route to Pure-Silica Zeolites 312 5.7.10 Topotactic Condensation of Layered Silicates 315 5.8 Concluding Remarks 316 Acknowledgements 316 References 317 Index 327
£88.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Functional Oxides 1 Inorganic Materials Series
Book SynopsisFunctional oxides have a wide variety of applications in the electronic industry. The discovery of new metal oxides with interesting and useful properties continues to drive much research in chemistry, physics, and materials science.Table of ContentsInorganic Materials Series Preface ix Preface xi List of Contributors xiii 1 Noncentrosymmetric Inorganic Oxide Materials: Synthetic Strategies and Characterisation Techniques 1 P. Shiv Halasyamani 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Strategies toward Synthesising Noncentrosymmetric Inorganic Materials 3 1.3 Electronic Distortions 4 1.3.1 Metal Oxyfluoride Systems 8 1.3.2 Salt-Inclusion Solids 9 1.3.3 Borates 11 1.3.4 Noncentrosymmetric Coordination Networks 12 1.4 Properties Associated with Noncentrosymmetric Materials 16 1.4.1 Second-Harmonic Generation 18 1.4.2 Piezoelectricity 21 1.4.3 Pyroelectricity 25 1.4.4 Ferroelectricity 27 1.5 Outlook – Multifunctional Materials 30 1.5.1 Perovskites 31 1.5.2 Hexagonal Manganites 32 1.5.3 Metal Halide and Oxy-Halide Systems 32 1.6 Concluding Thoughts 33 1.6.1 State of the Field 33 Acknowledgements 34 References 34 2 Geometrically Frustrated Magnetic Materials 41 John E. Greedan 2.1 Introduction 41 2.2 Geometric Frustration 42 2.2.1 Definition and Criteria: Subversion of the Third Law 42 2.2.2 Magnetism Short Course 43 2.2.3 Frustrated Lattices – The Big Four 46 2.2.4 Ground States of Frustrated Systems: Consequences of Macroscopic Degeneracy 46 2.3 Real Materials 52 2.3.1 The Triangular Planar (TP) Lattice 52 2.3.2 The Kagome´ Lattice 57 2.3.3 The Face-Centred Cubic Lattice 72 2.3.4 The Pyrochlores and Spinels 76 2.3.5 Other Frustrated Lattices 105 2.4 Concluding Remarks 108 References 109 3 Lithium Ion Conduction in Oxides 119 Edmund Cussen 3.1 Introduction 119 3.2 Sodium and Lithium b-Alumina 126 3.3 Akali Metal Sulfates and the Effect of Anion Disorder on Conductivity 132 3.4 LISICON and Related Phases 145 3.5 Lithium Conduction in NASICON-Related Phases 155 3.6 Doped Analogues of LiZr2(PO4)3 164 3.7 Lithium Conduction in the Perovskite Structure 175 3.7.1 The Structures of Li3xLa2/3xTiO3 181 3.7.2 Doping Studies of Lithium Perovskites 185 3.8 Lithium-Containing Garnets 187 References 197 4 Thermoelectric Oxides 203 Sylvie Hébert and Antoine Maignan 4.1 Introduction 203 4.2 How to Optimise Thermoelectric Generators (TEG) 204 4.2.1 Principle of a TEG 204 4.2.2 The Figure of Merit 207 4.2.3 Beyond the Classical Approach 210 4.3 Thermoelectric Oxides 213 4.3.1 Semiconducting Oxides and the Heikes Formula 215 4.3.2 NaxCoO2 and the Misfit Cobaltate Family 221 4.3.3 Degenerate Semiconductors 240 4.3.4 All-Oxide Modules 249 4.4 Conclusion 251 Acknowledgements 252 References 252 5 Transition Metal Oxides: Magnetoresistance and Half-Metallicity 257 Tapas Kumar Mandal and Martha Greenblatt 5.1 Introduction 257 5.2 Magnetoresistance: Concepts and Development 258 5.2.1 Phenomenon of Magnetoresistance: Metallic Multilayers and Anisotropic Magnetoresistance (AMR) 258 5.2.2 Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Effect 259 5.2.3 Colossal Magnetoresistance (CMR) in Perovskite Oxomanganates 261 5.2.4 Tunnelling Magnetoresistance (TMR) and Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJ) 263 5.2.5 Powder, Intrinsic and Extrinsic MR 263 5.3 Half-Metallicity 264 5.3.1 Half-Metallicity in Heusler Alloys 264 5.3.2 Half-Metallic Ferro/Ferrimagnets, Antiferromagnets 265 5.4 Oxides Exhibiting Half-Metallicity 266 5.4.1 CrO2 266 5.4.2 Fe3O4 and Other Spinel Oxides 268 5.4.3 Perovskite Oxomanganates 270 5.4.4 Double Perovskites 272 5.5 Magnetoresistance and Half-Metallicity of Double Perovskites 273 5.5.1 Double Perovskite Structure 273 5.5.2 Ordering and Anti-Site (AS) Disorder in Double Perovskites 276 5.5.3 Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Double Perovskites 281 5.5.4 Magnetoresistance and Half-Metallicity in Double Perovskites 284 5.5.5 High Curie Temperature (TC) Double Perovskites and Room Temperature MR 285 5.6 Spintronics – The Emerging Magneto-Electronics 286 5.7 Summary 288 Acknowledgements 289 References 289 Index 295
£88.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Corrosion of Stainless Steels
Book SynopsisSpecialists in their respective fields describe how metallurgical factors affect the corrosion resistance of stainless steels. This updated edition contains information regarding their usage, corrosion problems production and development.Table of ContentsComposition, Structure, and Mechanical Properties. Electrochemistry. Pitting. Crevice Corrosion. Intergranular Corrosion. Stress Corrosion Cracking. Corrosion Fatigue, Galvanic Corrosion, Erosion-Corrosion, andCavitation-Erosion. General Corrosion. Corrosion by Hot Gases and Molten Compounds. Appendix. Index.
£169.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Inelastic Deformation of Metals
Book SynopsisUsing a totally new approach, this groundbreaking book establishesthe logical connections between metallurgy, materials modeling, andnumerical applications. In recognition of the fact that classicalmethods are inadequate when time effects are present, or whencertain types of multiaxial loads are applied, the new, physicallybased state variable method has evolved to meet these needs.Inelastic Deformation of Metals is the first comprehensivepresentation of this new technology in book form. It developsphysically based, numerically efficient, and accurate methods forpredicting the inelastic response of metals under a variety ofloading and environmental conditions. More specifically, Inelastic Deformation of Metals: * Demonstrates how to use the metallurgical information to developmaterial models for structural simulations and low cyclic fatiguepredictions. It presents the key features of classical and statevariable modeling, describes the different types of models andtheir attTable of ContentsRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MATERIAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. Physical Basis of Inelasticity. Tensile, Compressive, and Cyclic Characteristics of Metals. Creep of Metals. MULTIAXIAL PLASTICITY AND CREEP. Principles of Mechanics. Yield Surface Plasticity and Classical Creep Modeling. STATE-VARIABLE APPROACH. Foundation of State-Variable Modeling. Multiaxial and Thermomechanical Modeling. Single-Crystal Superalloys. Finite-Element Methods. Appendices. Index.
£163.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Viscoelastic Properties 3e
Book SynopsisViscoelastic behavior reflects the combined viscous and elastic responses, under mechanical stress, of materials which are intermediate between liquids and solids in character.Table of ContentsThe Nature of Viscoelastic Behavior. Illustrations of Viscoelastic Behavior of Polymeric Systems. Exact Interrelations among the Viscoelastic Functions. Approximate Interrelations among the Linear ViscoelasticFunctions. Experimental Methods for Viscoelastic Liquids. Experimental Methods for Soft Viscoelastic Solids and Liquids ofHigh Viscosity. Experimental Methods for Hard Viscoelastic Solids. Experimental Methods for Bulk Measurements. Dilute Solutions: Molecular Theory and Comparisons withExperiments. Molecular Theory for Undiluted Amorphous Polymers and ConcentratedSolutions; Networks and Entanglements. Dependence of Viscoelastic Behavior on Temperature andPressure. The Transition Zone from Rubberlike to Glasslike Behavior. The Plateau and Terminal Zones in Uncross-Linked Polymers. Cross-Linked Polymers and Composite Systems. The Glassy State. Crystalline Polymers. Concentrated Solutions, Plasticized Polymers, and Gels. Viscoelastic Behavior in Bulk (Volume) Deformation. Applications to Practical Problems. Appendices. Author & Subject Indexes.
£267.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Finite Element Modeling for Stress Analysis
Book SynopsisMost books discuss the theory and computational procedures of finite elements (FE). In the past this was necessary, but today''s software packages make FE accessible to users who knows nothing to the theory or of how FE works. People are now using FE software packages as black boxes'', without knowing the dangers of poor modeling, the need to verify that results are reasonable, or that worthless results can be convincingly displayed. Therefore, it is important to understand the physics of the problem, how elements behave, the assumptions and restrictions of FE implementations, and the need to assess the correctness of computed results.Table of ContentsBars and Beams: Linear Static Analysis. Plane Problems. Isoparametric Elements and Solution Techniques. Modeling, Errors, and Accuracy in Linear Analysis. Solids and Solids of Revolution. Plates and Shells. Thermal Analysis. Vibration and Dynamics. Nonlinearity in Stress Analysis. References. Index.
£191.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Hydraulic Engineering
Book SynopsisThe book includes a section on cavitation in hydraulic structures and a concise introduction to the physics of cavitation and application to hydraulic structures. It applies the laws of similitude to the use of physical models to improve hydraulic design and computer programs for the numerical solution of unsteady flow in closed and open channels.Table of ContentsHydrology. Groundwater. Open Channel Flow. Closed Conduit Flow. Dams and Reservoirs. Hydraulic Structures. Hydraulic Machinery. Flood Damage Reduction. Mathematical Modeling of Hydraulic Systems. Unsteady Closed-Conduit Flow. Unsteady Open-Channel Flows. Appendix. Index.
£224.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Foundations of Vacuum Science and Technology
Book SynopsisAn indispensable resource for scientists and engineers concerned with high vacuum technology Vacuum technology has evolved significantly over the past thirty years and is now indispensable to various fields of scientific research as well as the medical technology, food processing, aerospace, and electronics industries.Table of ContentsKinetic Theory of Gases. Flow of Gases Through Tubes and Orifices. Positive Displacement Vacuum Pumps. Kinetic Vacuum Pumps. Capture Vacuum Pumps. Vacuum Gauges. Partial Pressure Analysis. Leak Detection and Leak Detectors. High-Vacuum System Design. Gas-Surface Interactions and Diffusion. Ultrahigh and Extreme High Vacuum. Calibration and Standards Appendix. Indexes.
£199.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Progress in Inorganic Chemistry Volume 46
Book SynopsisCapturing today''s scientific imagination...PROGRESS in InorganicChemistry Nowhere is creative scientific talent busier than in the world ofinorganic chemistry experimentation. And the traditional forum forexchanging innovative research has been the respected Progress inInorganic Chemistry series. With contributions from internationallyrenowned chemists, this latest volume offers an in-depth,far-ranging examination of the changing face of the field,providing a tantalizing glimpse of the emerging state of thescience. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 46 * Anion Binding and Recognition by Inorganic Based Receptors (PaulD. Beer and David K. Smith) * Copper (I), Lithium and Magnesium Thiolate Complexes: An Overviewwith Due Mention of Selenolate and Tellurolate Analogues andRelated Silver (I) and Gold (I) Species (Maurits D. Janssen, DavidM. Grove, and Gerard van Koten) * The Role of the Pyrazolate Ligand in Building PolynuclearTransition Metal Systems (Girolamo La Monica andTable of ContentsAnion Binding and Recognition by Inorganic Based Receptors (P. Beer& D. Smith). Copper (I), Lithium and Magnesium Thiolate Complexes: An Overviewwith Due Mention of Selenolate and Tellurolate Analogues andRelated Silver (I) and Gold (I) Species (M. Janssen, et al.). The Role of the Pyrazolate Ligand in Building PolynuclearTransition Metal Systems (G. La Monica & G. Ardizzoia). Recent Trends in Metal Alkoxide Chemistry (R. Mehrotra & A.Singh). Indexes.
£272.65
John Wiley & Sons Inc Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and Reflectometry
Book SynopsisWhile single wave ellipsometry has been around for years, spectroscopic ellipsometry is fast becoming the method of choice for measuring the thickness and optical properties of thin films. This book provides the first practical introduction to spectroscopic ellipsometry and the related techniques of reflectometry. A guide for practitioners and researchers in a variety of disciplines, it addresses a broad range of applications in physics, chemistry, electrical engineering, and materials science.Table of ContentsPerspective and History. Fundamentals. Optical Properties of Materials and Layered Structures. Instrumentation. The Anatomy of a Reflectance Spectrum. Aspects of Single-Wavelength Ellipsometry. The Anatomy of an Ellipsometric Spectrum. Analytical Methods and Approach. Optical Data Analysis. Quality Assurance. Very Thin Films. Roughness. Appendices. Index.
£140.35
John Wiley & Sons Inc Aquifer Hydraulics
Book SynopsisPraise for Aquifer Hydraulics . . . Very easy to understand and follow, even for complicated applications . . . this book will be a significant addition to the library of individuals who are practicing in the field of geohydrology. -Professor M. M. Aral, Georgia Institute of Technology A valuable source of information for every student and practitioner of quantitative hydrogeology. I commend Dr. Batu for the thorough research and dedicated effort that went into the preparation of this book. -Stavros S. Papadopulos, Chairman, S. S. Papadopulos & Associates, Inc. This book offers the most detailed and comprehensive coverage available of aquifer hydraulics, testing, and analysis for a wide range of aquifer and well types under differing conditions. It presents the theoretical foundations and limitations of existing analytical models for each ground water system, along with an in-depth examination of hydrogeologic data analysis methods. Translating theory into prTrade Review"Vedat batu's Aquifer Hydraulics: A Comprehensive Guide to Hydrogeologic Data Analysis provides a valuable service—it teaches readers the most fundamental theory with a comprehensive overview of basic methods…Batu’s book is a very effective textbook…[and] is one of the most organized and systematic books that I have read and used…A beginning practitioner may find it absolutely invaluable." (EOS, Volume 79, number 52, December 29, 1998)Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION AND FUNDAMENTALS OF AQUIFER HYDRAULICS. Fundamentals of Aquifer Hydraulics. HYDRAULICS OF AQUIFER UNDER STEADY PUMPING CONDITIONS FROM WELLS AND HYDROGEOLOGIC DATA ANALYSIS METHODS. Fully Penetrating Pumping Wells in Homogeneous and Isotropic Confined and Unconfined Aquifers. HYDRAULICS OF AQUIFERS UNDER TRANSIENT PUMPING CONDITIONS FROM WELLS AND HYDROGEOLOGIC DATA ANALYSIS METHODS. Fully Penetrating Pumping Wells in Homogeneous and Isotropic Nonleaky Confined Aquifers. Fully Penetrating Pumping Wells in Homogeneous and Anisotropic Confined Nonleaky Aquifers. Fully Penetrating Pumping in Homogeneous and Isotropic Confined Leaky Aquifers without the Storage of the Confining Layer. Fully Penetrating Pumping Wells in Homogeneous and Isotropic Confined Leaky Aquifers with the Storage of the Confining Layers. Partially Penetrating Pumping and Observation Wells in Homogeneous and Anistropic Confined Aquifers. Fully and Partially Penetrating Pumping and Observation Wells in Homogeneous and Anisotropic Unconfined Aquifers. Fully Penetrating Pumping Wells in Homogeneous and Isotropic Bounded Nonleaky Confined Aquifers. WELL EFFICIENCY AND HYDROGEOLOGIC DATA ANALYSIS METHODS. Fully Penetrating Pumping Wells in Homogeneous and Isotropic Nonleaky Confined Aquifers. HYDRAULICS OF SLUG TEST AND HYDROGEOLOGIC DATA ANALYSIS METHODS. Fully and Partially Penetrating Wells in Aquifers. HYDRAULICS OF PRESSURE PULSE AND CONSTANT HEAD INJECTION TESTS FOR TIGHT FORMATIONS AND HYDROGEOLOGIC DATA ANALYSIS METHODS. Fully Penetrating Wells in Confined Aquifers. References. About the Author. About the Disk. Indexes.
£168.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Chemistry of Advanced Materials An Overview
Book SynopsisThis is to be initial, 'overview' volume of a series on the "Chemistry of Advanced Materials". This series of volumes is intented to complement VCH's existing series on "Materials Science and Technology" and, in particular, to highlight the role of chemistry in the preparation and processing of advanced materials.Trade Review"On the whole the book will sensitize the minds of the readers and will snowball their interest to undertake future research program to help turn material fantasy into possibility to ultimate reality." (Indian Jnl of Chemical Technology, July 2001)Table of ContentsFrom the Contents: Materials Chemistry: Past, Present and Future/ Molecular Magnetics, Metals and Superconductors/ Advanced Polymeric Materials - High Performance Polymers/CVD /Nanophase Materials / Nanoporous Materials (zeolites, pillared clays etc.)/ Molecular Precursor Routes to Inorganic Solids/ Materials Currently in Biomedical Usage.
£175.46
Wiley Introduction to Diffraction in Materials Science
Book SynopsisThis work offers aspects of diffraction applications and includes information on synchrotron and neutron facilities. It also provides pedagogy, including learning objectives, examples, key terms, summaries and problems and contains treatments that suits the needs of students and professionals.Trade Review"Anyone about to begin using diffraction as a method of solving problems in materials science should read this book." (Materials World, February 2002)Table of ContentsPreface. Crystallography. Geometrical Representation of Crystals. X-Rays. Neutrons. Diffraction. Diffraction Peak Intensity and Measurement. Two-Dimensional Recording Methods. Phase Analysis. Diffraction from More Complex Structures. Stress Analysis. Other Kinds of Materials Characterization Using Diffraction. Appendix A: Some Crystallographic Relationships. Appendix B: X-Rays. Appendix C: Neutrons. Appendix D: Energies of K Emission Lines. References. Index.
£169.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Electronic Properties of Engineering Materials
Book SynopsisJames Livingston has written a highly readable undergraduate text introducing the physics and chemistry underlying the electronic properties of engineering solids. The first half of the text uses a semi-classical approach, while the second half introduces quantum mechanics and applies quantum chemistry and quantum physics to the basic properties of metals, insulators, and semiconductors.Table of ContentsSEMI-CLASSICAL APPROACH. Conductors and Resistors. Windows, Doors, and Transparent Electrodes (Optical Properties of Conductors). Insulators and Capacitors. Lenses and Optical Fibers (Optical Properties of Insulators). Inductors, Electromagnets, and Permanent Magnets. Superconductors and Superconducting Magnets. Elasticity, Springs, and Sonic Waves. QUANTUM MECHANICAL APPROACH. Light Particles, Electron Waves, and Quantum Wells, and Springs. The Periodic Table, Atomic Spectra, and Neon Lights. The Game Is Bonds, Interatomic Bonds. From Bonds to Bands (and Why Grass Is Green). Free Electron Waves in Metals. Nearly-Free Electrons--Bands, Gaps, Holes, and Zones. Metals and Insulators. Semiconductors. LEDs, Photodetectors, Solar Cells, and Transistors. Suggestions for Further Reading. Index.
£230.36
John Wiley & Sons Inc Fundamentals of Physical Acoustics
Book SynopsisAN AUTHORITATIIVE, UP-TO-DATE INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL ACOUSTICS Easy to read and understand, Fundamentals of Physical Acoustics fills a long-standing need for an acoustics text that challenges but does not overpower graduate students in engineering and physics.Trade Review"This book is an excellent piece of work. The text is extremely clear and goes a long way towards meeting the declared pedagogical target. The author has written a comprehensive text. The proportions of the equations and explanations/interpretations are particularly well balanced. Throughout the book, the context and the validity domain for any equation derived are clearly stated. No doubt this book will be of invaluable help for students, academics, and engineers." (Applied Acoustics, March 2002)Table of ContentsDetailed Development of the Acoustical Wave Equation. Reflection and Transmission of Normally Incident Plane Waves of Arbitrary Waveform. Normal Incidence Continued: Steady-State Analysis. Transmission Phenomena: Oblique Incidence. Normal Modes in Cartesian Coordinates: Strings, Membranes, Rooms, and Rectangular Waveguides. Horns. Propagation in Stratified Media. Propagation in Dissipative Fluids: Absorption and Dispersion. Spherical Waves. Cylindrical Waves. Waveguides. Radiation from a Baffled Piston. Diffraction. Arrays. Appendices. Index.
£146.25
Wiley The Amide Linkage Structural Significance in Chemistry Biochemistry and Materials Science
Book SynopsisThis text presents specific applications to supramolecular and stereospecific synthesis. It discusses aspects of peptide and protein chemistry as well as highlighting how the amide linkage participates in the design of enzyme inhibitors, cyclic peptides and antibacterial agents.Trade Review"It makes extremely interesting reading" (Angewandte Chemie, International Edition 19 November 2001) "...will have a longer than average shelf life..."(European Peptide Society Newsletter, 1 January 2003) "...excellent chapters and provides plenty of useful background information on amide structure." (Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, Vol. 42, 2003)Table of ContentsThe Electron Density Distribution of Amides and Related Compounds (C. Breneman & M. Martinov). Origin of the Amide Rotational Barrier (K. Wiberg). The Amide Linkage as a Ligand-Its Properties and the Role of Distortion (A. Greenberg). Studies in Amide Hydrolysis: The Acid, Base, and Water Reactions (R. Brown). The Thermochemistry of Amides (J. Liebman, et al.). Stereospecificity in the -Lactam (Aziridinone) Synthon (R. Hoffman). -Lactams: Cyclic Amides of Distinction (A. Bose, et al.). Sterically Hindered Twisted Amides (S. Yamada). Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Amides and Lactams (P. Rademacher). The Role of Amides in the Noncovalent Synthesis of Supramolecular Structures in Solution, at Interfaces, and in Solids (G. Palmore & J. MacDonald). -Lactam Antibacterial Agents: Computational Chemistry Investigations (D. Boyd). Three-Dimensional Design of Enzyme Inhibitors with Heterocyclic Amide Bond Mimics (R. Bohacek & W. Shakespeare). Ab Initio Conformational Analysis of Protein Subunits: A Case Study of the Serine Diamide Model (A. Perczel & I. Csizmadia). Gas-Phase Ion Chemistry of Amides, Peptides, and Proteins (C. Cassady). -Sheet Interactions Between Proteins (S. Maitra & J. Nowick). Head-to-Tail Cyclic Peptides and Cyclic Peptide Libraries (A. Spatola & P. Romanovskis). From Crystal Structures of Oligopeptides to Protein Folding. The Importance of Peptide Bond-Side Chain Hyperconjugation (A. Cieplak). Role of the Peptide Bond in Protein Structure and Folding (N. Kallenbach, et al.). Index.
£276.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Electromagnetic Fields 119 Wiley Series in
Book SynopsisElectromagnetic effects in unconventional structures and materials in electronics are becoming more important as device sizes shrink. This trend will continue, and as the use of these materials becomes more cost effective, there will be an increased need for a theoretical understanding of this subject.Trade Review"In summary, Electromagnetic Fields in Unconventional Materials and Structures is an advanced book, written by experts, that is bound to be useful to serious researchers" (Int. Jnl. of Electronics and Communications, Vol.55, No.5, 2001) "Congratulations! The book is a pearl. It is like a treasury." (Optik - Int. Jnl. for Light & Electron Optics, Vol.112, No.19, 2001)Table of ContentsScalar Hertz Potentials for Linear Bianisotropic Mediums (W. Weiglhofer). Recent Developments in the Homogenization of Linear Bianisotropic Composite Materials (B. Michel). Novel Free-Space Techniques to Characterize Complex Mediums (G. Borzdov). A Mini-Review on Isotropic Chiral Mediums (A. Lakhtakia). Sculptured Thin Films: Conception, Optical Properties, and Applications (V. Venugopal & A. Lakhtakia). Electrodynamic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes (S. Maksimenko & G. Slepyan). Numerical Analyses of Optical Propagation and Interaction in Nonlinear Photorefractive Materials (P. Banerjee & J. Jarem). Some Multilayered and Other Unconventional Lightguides (P. Choudhury & O. Singh). All-Fiber Guided Wave Components (B. Pal). Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Through Helical Structures (P. Jain & B. Basu). Indexes.
£174.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc HighPerformance Concrete 2E
Book SynopsisHigh performance concrete is a key element in virtually all-large construction projects, from tall office and residential buildings to bridges, tunnels and roadways.Trade Review"A welcome addition to the literature on High Performance Concrete." (The Indian Concrete Journal, October 2002)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. General Performance Characteristics. Permeability Effects on Performance of Concrete. Mineral and Chemical Admixtures in High-Strength High-Performance Concrete. Design of Concrete Mixtures for High-Performance Normal- and High-Strength Concrete. High-Performance Lightweight Aggregate Concrete (Low-Density Aggregate Concrete). Long-Term Effects. Characteristics of High-Performance Concrete. Micro- and Macromechanics of High-Performance Concrete. Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites. Economics of High-Strength High-Performance Concrete. Proportioning Concrete Structural Elements by ACI 318-99 Code: An Overview. Performance Control for Long-Term Durability: A Summation. High-Performance Concrete in the 21st Century. Appendix A: Tables. Appendix B: Standards and Reports. Author Index. Subject Index.
£125.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Fracture and Fatigue in Wood
Book SynopsisWhat is known about the failure processes surrounding wood comes almost entirely from empirical evidence gathered for engineering purposes. With only limited resources and the need to obtain practical results quickly, the timber engineering research community has avoided the route of scientific inquiry.Trade Review"...highlight[s] the complexity of the selections processes that have to be considered before embarking upon the application of theory..." (Jnl of the Inst of Wood Science, Winter 2004)Table of ContentsIntroduction. Structure and Properties of Wood. Mechanical Behaviour of Wood: Concepts and Modelling. Principles of Fracture Mechanics. Fracture and Failure Phenomena in Wood. Fatigue in Wood. Fracture Modelling in Wood. Fatigue Modelling in Wood. Application of Information and Concepts. Index.
£130.45
John Wiley & Sons Inc Flexible Multibody Dynamics A Finite Element
Book SynopsisFlexible Multibody Dynamics comprehensively describes the numerical modelling of flexible multibody dynamics systems in space and aircraft structures, vehicles, and mechanical systems. A rigorous approach is followed to handle finite rotations in 3D, with a thorough discussion of the different alternatives for parametrization.Trade Review"a competent offering" (The Aeronautical Journal, November 2001)Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Generalized Coordinates for Mechanism Analysis. Kinematics of Finite Motion. Parameterization of Spherical Motion. Rigid Body Dynamics. The Elastic Beam. System Constraints: Modelling of Joints. Substructuring Techniques. Static and Kinematic Analyses of Multibody Systems. Time Integration of Constrained Systems. Automatic Step Size Control. Energy Conserving Time Integration. References. Index.
£121.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc Soils and Waves
Book SynopsisJ. Carlos Santamarina, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA in collaboration with Katherine A. Klein, University of Toronto, Canada; Moheb A. Fam, Cairo University, Egypt Soils are unique materials. Analogous to all other particulate materials, their properties depend on environmental parameters, such as confinement and fluid characteristics.Trade Review"an excellent reference" (Journal of Soils & Sediments)Table of ContentsPART ONE: INTRODUCTION. Chapter 1: Materials And Scales. PART TWO: PARTICULATE MATERIALS. Chapter 2: Characterization Of Particles And Particulate Media. Chapter 3: Particle-Fluid Interactions. Chapter 4: Load-Deformation Behavior. Chapter 5: Conduction And Diffusion - Soil Behavior. PART THREE: ELASTIC WAVES AND SOILS. Chapter 6: Elastic Waves In The Continuum. Chapter 7: Elastic Waves In Particulate Media. Chapter 8: Velocity And Attenuation: Data And Empirical Relations. Chapter 9: Laboratory Measurement Methods. PART FOUR: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND SOILS. Chapter 10: Electromagnetism. Chapter 11: Electromagnetic Properties: Physical Description And Analytical Models. Chapter 12: Electromagnetic Properties: Data And Empirical Relations. Chapter 13: Laboratory Measurement Methods. PART FIVE: PROCESS MONITORING. Chapter 14: Process Monitoring With Elastic And Electromagnetic Waves. APPENDIX A: MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS. REFERENCES.
£231.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Incompressible Flow and Finite Element V 1
Book SynopsisThis comprehensive two-volume reference covers the application of the finite element method to incompressible flows in fluid mechanics, addressing the theoretical background and the development of appropriate numerical methods applied to their solution.Table of ContentsVolume 1 Preface xv Glossary of Abbreviations xix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Incompressible Flow 3 1.3 The Finite Element Method 6 1.4 Incompressible Flow and the Finite Element Method 11 1.5 Overview of this Volume 12 1.6 Some Subjective Discussion 16 1.7 Why Finite Elements? Why Not Finite Volumes? 17 2 The Advection-Diffusion Equation 21 2.1 The Continuum Equation 21 2.2 The Finite Element Equations/Discretization of the Weak Form 35 2.3 Same Semi-Discrete Equations 56 2.4 Open Boundary Conditions (OBC’s) 91 2.5 Same Non-Galerkin Results 105 2.6 Dispersion, Dissipation, Phase Speed, Group 2.7 Time Integration 230 2.8 Additional Numerical Examples 342 Appendix 1 Some Element Matrices 357 Appendix 2 Further Comparison of Finite Elements and Finite Volumes 365 Appendix 3 Scalar Projections, Orthogonal and Not—and Projection Methods 379 References 423 Author Index Ai-1 Subject Index Si-1 Volume 2 Glossary of Abbreviations xv Preface and Introduction xvii Preface xvii Introduction xx Incompressible Flow xxii The Finite Element Method xxv Incompressible Flow and the Finite Element Method xxvi Overview of this Volume xxxi Some Subjective Discussion xxxv Why Finite Elements? Why Not Finite Volumes? xxxvi 3 The Navier–Stokes Equations 447 3.1 Notational Introduction 447 3.2 The Continuum Equations (The PDE’s) 450 3.3 Alternate Forms of the Viscous Term 452 3.4 Alternate Forms of the Non-Linear Term 454 3.5 Derived Equations 457 3.6 Alternate Statements of the NS Equations 461 3.7 Special Cases of Interest 463 3.8 Boundary Conditions 470 3.9 Initial Conditions (and Well-Posedness) 487 3.10 Interim Summary 493 3.11 Global Conservation Laws 502 3.12 Weak Forms of the PDE’s/Natural Boundary Conditions (NBC’s) 508 3.13 The Finite Element Equations/Discretization of the Weak Form 528 3.14 A Control Volume Finite Element Method 712 3.15 Variational Principles for Potential and Stokes Flow 716 3.16 Solution Methods for the Semi-Discretized Time-Dependent (and Steady) Equations 729 3.17 Aliasing and Aliasing Instability, Linear and Non-Linear 876 3.18 A New Look al Two Old Finite Difference Methods 880 3.19 Numerical Example-Impulsive Start 884 3.20 Closure: Some Additional Remarks on the Pressure 934 4 Derived Quantities 937 4.1 Introduction 937 4.2 Two Dimensions 938 4.3 Three Dimensions 961 4.3.1 Vorticity 961 4.3.2 Helicity Density 961 Appendix 4 Some More Element Matrices 963 Appendix 5 Vector Projections, Orthogonal and Not—and Projection Methods 967 References 989 Author Index Ai-1 Subject Index Si-1
£117.85
John Wiley & Sons Inc Incompressible Flow and Finite Element V 2
Book SynopsisThis comprehensive two-volume reference covers the application of the finite element method to incompressible flows in fluid mechanics, addressing the theoretical background and the development of appropriate numerical methods applied to their solution.Table of ContentsGlossary of Abbreviations Preface and Introduction 3. The Navier-Stokes Equations 3.1 Notational Introduction 3.2 The Continuum Equations 3.3 Alternate Forms of the Viscous Term 3.4 Alternate Forms of the Non-Linear Term 3.5 Derived Equations 3.6 Alternate Statements of the NS Equations 3.7 Special Cases of Interest 3.8 Boundary Conditions 3.9 Initial Conditions (and Well-Posedness) 3.10 Interim Summary 3.11 Global Conservation Laws 3.12 Weak Form of the PDE's / Natural Boundary Conditions (NBC's) 3.13 The Finite Element Equations / Discretization of the Weak Form 3.14 A Control Volume Finite Element Method 3.15 Variational Principles for Potential and Stokes Flow 3.16 Solution Methods for the Semi_Discretized Time-Dependent (and Steady) Equations 3.17 Aliasing and Aliasing Instability, Linear and Non-Linear 3.18 A New Look at Two Old Finite Difference Methods 3.19 Numerical Example - Implusive Start 3.20 Closure: Some Additional Remarks on the Pressure 4. Derived Quantities 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Two Dimensions 4.3 Three Dimensions Appendix 1 Some Element Matrix A.1.1 Advection Diffusion Matrices A.1.2 One-Dimensional Element Matrices A.1.3 Two-Dimensional Element Matrices A.1.4 Navier-Stokes: Additional Matrices A.1.5 Two-Dimensional Control Volume Finite Element Matrices Appendix 2 Further Comparison of Finite Elements and Finite Volumes A.2.1 Introduction A.2.2 Viewpoint One A.2.3 Viewpoint Two Appendix 3 Projections, Orthagonal and Not and Projection Methods A.3.1 Introduction A.3.2 Scalar Projections A.3.3 Vector Projections References Author Index Subject Index
£120.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc Metal Fatigue in Engineering
Book SynopsisStresses on metal such as weight loads, torque, or friction cause fatigue on the member under analysis. This can result in cracking and the ultimate failure of the member.Table of ContentsIntroduction and Historical Overview. Fatigue Design Methods. Macro/Micro Aspects of Fatigue of Metals. Fatigue Tests and Stress-Life (S-N) Approach. Cyclic Deformation and the Strain-Life (-N) Approach. Fundamentals of LEFM and Applications to Fatigue Crack Growth. Notches and Their Effects. Residual Stresses and Their Effects on Fatigue Resistance. Fatigue from Variable Amplitude Loading. Multiaxial Stresses. Environmental Effects. Fatigue of Weldments. Statistical Aspects of Fatigue. Appendix. Indexes.
£120.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc Construction Sealants and Adhesives
Book SynopsisThis construction reference work has been revised to include chapters on insulating glass sealants and membrane waterproofing. It describes moisture protection, sealants used in highways and bridges, special compounds used on runway joints and silicones used in high-rise buildings.Table of ContentsSealant Classification. Weatherproofing the Building. Stresses and Strains in Sealants. Properties of Sealant Materials. Accessory Materials. Installation of Sealants. Polysulfide Sealants. Silicone Sealants. Urethane Sealants. Insulating Glass Sealants. Structural Silicone Glazing. Solvent-Based Acrylic Sealants. Latex Sealants. Plasticized Acrylic Latex Sealants. Butyl Sealants. Oil- and Resin-Based Sealants. Specialty Sealants. Sealants in Highway Construction. Seals for Bridge Expansion Joints. Block Copolymer Sealants. Membrane Waterproofing Systems. Preformed Sealing Tapes. Preformed Gasket Seals. An Overview on Sealants. Waterstops. Adhesives. Flooring Adhesives. Roofing Adhesives. Sealants as Adhesives. Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Tapes. Adhesives as Binders for Composite Materials. Adhesives for Concrete, Cement, and Plaster. Appendices. Bibliography. Glossary. Index.
£148.45
John Wiley & Sons Inc Physical Ceramics
Book SynopsisDesigned to provide students with the core understanding necessary to pursue the subject of ceramics as it now exists and to be prepared for any surprises likely to emerge. Key concepts are developed in a sequence which builds on firm foundations, using the material learned so that its significance is continuously reinforced.Table of ContentsStructure of Ceramics. Defects in Ceramics. Mass and Electrical Transport. Phase Equilibria. Microstructure. Index.
£197.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Compositional Failure Anal of Polymers A
Book SynopsisPolymers are analyzed to determine their properties and characteristics in order to select the best material for a specific purpose, and to determine why a material has failed. Polymer laboratories use a variety of analytical techniques such as Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), High Performance Liquid Chromatography.Trade Review"an invaluable guide to all analysts and polymer engineers in industrial and academic laboratories: it can therefore be recommended without any reservations." (Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, Vol.202, No.6, 2001)Table of ContentsPreface xxxi About the Author xxxiii Acknowledgements xxxv Glossary xxxvii 1 A Methodology for Solving Polymer Problems 1 1 Introduction 1 2 Flow Diagram for Solving Polymer Problems 4 3 Dealing with Special Problem Classes 12 4 Product Life Cycle 15 5 Checklist and Worksheet for Organizing the Problem-Solving Process 17 References 20 2 Sampling and Sample Preparation 21 1 Introduction 21 2 Sampling 22 3 Sample Storage 23 4 Sample Preparation 24 References 36 3 Microscopy of Polymers 37 1 Optical Microscopy Techniques 37 2 Electron Microscopy 55 3 Special Microscopic Techniques 60 4 Practical Examples of the Uses of Microscopy in Polymer Analysis 65 References 70 4 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis Methods for Polymers 71 1 Introduction 71 2 FTIR Techniques 73 3 Special IR Techniques 84 4 Sample Preparation 87 5 FTIR Analysis of Difficult Sample Forms 93 6 Interpreting and Validating FTIR Data 101 7 Derivatization Techniques 105 References 106 5 Thermal Analysis of Polymers 107 1 Introduction 107 2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry 108 2.2.11 Evaluating Heat Ageing of Amorphous Polymers 121 3 Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis 129 4 Dynamic Mechanical Rheological Testing 131 5 Thermomechanical Analysis 132 6 Glass Transition Temperature and its Determination 133 7 Thermogravimetry 138 8 Thermal Volatilization Analysis 145 References 145 6 Identification and Analysis of Polymers 147 1 Introduction 147 2 Examples of Analytical Techniques used for Common Polymers 153 7 Analysis of Blends, Copolymers and Oligomers 193 1 Polymer Blends 193 2 Copolymers 201 3 Oligomers 206 References 213 8 Identification and Analysis of Thermoset Elastomers 215 1 Thermogravimeny 215 2 FTIR Spectroscopic Analysis of Carbon-Filled Rubbers 222 3 Rubber Identification by Pyrolysis Methods 223 4 Analysis of Specific Rubber Types 224 References 228 9 Analysis of 'Difficult' or Intractable Polymer Samples 230 l Introduction 230 2 FTIR Spectroscopic Techniques for Difficult Samples 230 3 Pyrolysis of Intractable Samples 233 4 Thennogravimetry 236 5 Laser-Desorption Fourier-Transfonn Mass Spectrometry 237 References 239 10 Analysis of Additives in Polymers and Elastomers 240 1 Introduction 240 2 Grinding 241 3 Additive Extraction 242 4 Analysis Methods 248 5 In situ Additive Analysis in Rubbers 259 6 Miscellaneous Examples of Additive Analysis Methods 260 References 268 11 Analysis of Contaminants and Inclusions in Polymers 270 1 Introduction 270 2 Classes of Typical Contamination 271 3 Techniques for Analysis of Contamination 280 3.1 Optical Microscopy 280 4 Gel Particles and other Inclusions 288 References 302 12 Mechanical Failure Mechanisms of Polymers 304 1 Introduction 304 2 Tensile Failure 310 3 Shear Failure 310 4 Compressive Failure 311 5 Crazing 311 6 Shear Banding 313 7 Creep 315 8 Fatigue Failure 317 8.1 Introduction 317 9 Impact Fracture 324 10 Physical Ageing 330 11 Failure Due to Temperature Effects 333 11.1 Maximum- and Minimum-Use Temperatures 333 12 Failure Due to Improper Processing 336 13 General Examples of Polymer Failure 339 14 Failure of Medical Plastics 352 15 Failure of Polymers and Elastomers by Explosive Decompression 352 16 Failure Analysis by Fractography 359 References 361 13 Chemical Attack of Polymers 363 1 Introduction 363 2 Factors Determining Chemical Resistance 365 3 Types of Chemical Attack 365 4 Analysis Methods for Assessing Chemical Degradation 391 5 Case Study 395 References 395 14 Oxidative Degradation of Polymers 397 1 Introduction 397 2 Accelerated Ageing Techniques 410 3 Testing Methods 414 References 443 15 Failure of Fibre-Reinforced Composites 449 1 Introduction 449 2 Fibre Adhesion in Composites 452 3 Failure of Composites due to Manufacturing and Cure-Related Factors 454 4 Failure Behaviour of Composites 458 5 Failure of Composites due to Thermal Effects 471 6 Effects of Moisture on Composites 473 7 Chemical Attack on Composites 474 8 Oxidative Degradation 475 9 Photo-Oxidative Degradation of Fibre Reinforcements 475 10 Radiation Degradation of Composites 476 11 Failure Testing of Composites 476 12 Fractography of Composites 477 References 480 16 Problems Related to Additives in Polymers 482 1 Introduction 482 2 Blooming 482 3 Sublimation 487 4 Plateout 488 5 Die Drool 489 6 Bleeding 490 7 Additive Migration 491 8 Additive Interactions 492 9 Additive Decomposition 496 10 Additive-Induced Polymer Decomposition 502 11 Additive Dispersion Problems 507 12 Effect of Additives on the Polymers Mechanical Properties 514 13 Pigment-Induced Distortion 515 14 Abrasion 516 References 516 17 Weathering of Polymers 518 1 Introduction 518 2 Preliminary Investigations 522 3 Case Studies 523 4 Problems with Other Polymer Types and Applications 536 5 Polymer Weatherability Assessment (Accelerated Weathering) 541 References 545 18 Environmental Stress Cracking of Polymers 546 1 Introduction 546 2 ESC Mechanisms 549 3 Special Applications where ESC is likely to Occur 554 4 Testing Methods to Determine ESC Resistance 556 5 Surface-Tension and Solubility-Parameter Effects 561 6 ESC Behaviour of Particular Polymers 563 7 Investigating an ESC Failure 578 8 ESC Case Study 581 References 585 19 Residual Stresses and Weld Lines in Polymers 587 1 Introduction 597 2 Residual Stresses and Molecular Orientation 590 3 Weldlines 607 4 Shrinkage and Warpage 617 References 619 20 Odour, Tainting and Outgassing Problems with Polymers 622 1 Odour Problems in Polymers 622 2 Taste and Off-Flavours 632 3 Out-Gassing 636 4 Volatiles in Polymers and Their Detection 640 References 645 21 Adhesion Problems with Polymers and Interfaces 647 1 Introduction 647 2 Case Studies 649 3 Common Classes of Polymerie Adhesives 660 4 Common Causes of Adhesive Failure 662 References 668 22 Voids, Blisters and Surface Defects 670 1 Voids 670 2 Blisters 683 3 Surface Defects 689 References 691 23 Discoloration of Polymers 692 1 Introduction 692 2 Polyolefins 697 3 Aromatic Polymers Containing Ph–O or Ph–N Linkages 716 4 Aromatic Polymers containing Ph–C=O or Ph–S Linkages 721 5 Nitrile Polymers 726 6 Vinyl Polymers 729 7 Miscellaneous Polymers 733 8 Radiation Yellowing 736 References 738 Index 741
£190.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Reinforced Concrete Structures
Book SynopsisSets out basic theory for the behavior of reinforced concrete structural elements and structures in considerable depth. Emphasizes behavior at the ultimate load, and, in particular, aspects of the seismic design of reinforced concrete structures. Based on American practice, but also examines European practice.Table of ContentsThe Design Approach. Stress-Strain Relationships for Concrete and Steel. Basic Assumptions of Theory for Flexural Strength. Strength of Members with Flexure. Strength of Members with Flexure and Axial Load. Ultimate Deformation and Ductility of Members with Flexure. Strength and Deformation of Members with Torsion. Bond and Anchorage. Service Load Behavior. Strength and Ductility of Frames. Shear Walls of Multistory Buildings. The Art of Detailing.
£188.96
