Materials science Books

Book Synopsis"Visual Quantum Mechanics" uses the computer-generated animations found on the accompanying material on Springer Extras to introduce, motivate, and illustrate the concepts explained in the book.Table of ContentsVisualization of Wave Functions; Fourier Analysis of Wave Functions; Free Particles; States and Observables; Electromagnetic Fields; Boundary Conditions; Linear Operators in Hilbert Spaces; Double Slit Experiment; Harmonic Oscillator; Theory of the Harmonic Oscillator; Index

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Book SynopsisA pedagogical gem. Professor Readey replaces black-box' explanations with detailed, insightful derivations. A wealth of practical application examples and exercise problems complement the exhaustive coverage of kinetics for all material classes. Prof. Rainer Hebert, University of ConnecticutProf. Readey gives a grand tour of the kinetics of materials suitable for experimentalists and modellers. In an easy-to-read and entertaining style, this book leads the reader to fundamental, model-based understanding of kinetic processes critical to development, fabrication and application of commercially-important soft (polymers, biomaterials), hard (ceramics, metals) and composite materials. It is a must-have for anyone who really wants to understand how to make materials and how they will behave in service. --Prof. Bill Lee, Imperial College London, Fellow of the Royal Academy of EngineeringA much needed text filing the gap between an introductory course in materials science and advanced materia

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Book SynopsisThere has been enormous growth in the use of medical implants. However, in the case of hip replacement, loosening of metallic prosthesis fixed with polymethylmethylacrylate bone cement has resulted in painstaking revision surgery, which is a major problem for the patient, surgeon, and biomedical technology itself. In fact, global recognition of this problem led to the development of cementless fixation through the novel introduction of a bioactive hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating on biomedical-grade metallic implants. Since then, a wide variety of coating methods have evolved to make the HAp coatings on metallic implants more reliable. Microplasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings discusses plasma spraying and other related HAp coating techniques, focusing on the pros and cons of macroplasma sprayed (MAPS)- and microplasma sprayed (MIPS)-HAp coatings. The book begins by explaining what a biomaterial really is, what the frequently used term biocompatibility stands for, and whTrade Review"This unique book on development of microplasma sprayed HAp coating has been organized in a very compact yet comprehensive manner. This book also highlights the horizons of future research that invites the attention of global community, particularly those in bio-medical materials and bio-medical engineering field. This book will surely act as a very useful reference material for both graduate/post-graduate students and researchers in the field of biomedical, orthopedic and manufacturing engineering and research. I truly believ that this is the first ever effort which covers almost all the broad subject area of "HAp coatings developed by microplasma spraying including those of the more commercially accepted plasma spraying method" for developing HAp coated implants and prosthesis."—Bikramjit Basu, Professor, Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Associate Faculty, Interdisciplinary Bio-Engineering Program, IISc, Bangalore, Adjunct Professor, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India"The organization of topics is done very methodically covering all the related and even peripheral issues. The subject is covered well with thorough details and critical views. The book would be a good reference point for researchers working on HA based coatings for orthopedic application."—Debrupa Lahiri, IIT Roorkee, India"The lucid presentation style makes it easy for the new entrant to be gradually initiated into the field without any shock or jerk. What is most striking and appealing about the book is that even after starting from basic simple premises it has very capably provided vast and in-depth discussion to an extent that would be very lucrative for advanced researchers from both Govt. and private research organizations in the emerging field of biomedical applications of ceramic coatings."—Dr. Satyam Priyadarshy, Founder, Reignite strategyTable of ContentsIntroduction. Plasma Spraying and Other Related Coating Techniques. Hydroxyapatite Coating and Its Application. Structural and Chemical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Coating. In Vitro Studies of Hydroxyapatite Coatings. Macromechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Coating. Micro/Nanomechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Coating. Tribological Properties of Hydroxyapatite Coatings. Residual Stress of Hydroxyapatite Coating. In Vivo Studies of Microplasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coating. Future Scope and Possibilities. Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive collection of the latest information on nanomaterials and nanocomposites. It covers material synthesis, processing, structure characterization, properties and applications. It presents a coherent treatment of how composite properties depend on nanostructure, and covers cutting-edge topics like bionanocomposites for sustainable development. This book summarizes many developments in the field making it an ideal resource for researchers from industry, academia, government and private research institutions.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites. Nanomaterials. Classification. Synthesis. Optical Properties. Microscopy. Mechanical Properties. Nanocomposites. Preparation. Morphology. Thermal properties. Electrical properties. Optical Properties. Rheological behavior. Mechanical Properties. Application.

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Book SynopsisThis book is dedicated to the field of conductive polymers, focusing on electrical interactions with biological systems. It addresses the use of conductive polymers as the conducting interface for electrical communications with the biological system, both in vitro and in vivo. It provides an overview on the chemistry and physics of conductive polymers, their useful characteristics as well as limitations, and technologies that apply conductive polymers for medical purposes. This groundbreaking resource addresses cytotoxicity and tissue compatibility of conductive polymers, the basics on electromagnetic fields, and commonly used experimental methods. Readers will also learn how cells are cultured in vitro with conductive polymers, and how conductive polymers and living tissues interact electrically. Throughout the contents, chapter authors emphasize the importance of conductive polymers in biomedical engineering and their potential applications in medicine. Trade Review"Profs. Zhang, Rouabhia, and Moulton have assembled a group of investigators that are working on issues ranging from materials synthesis, device characterization, and analytical measurements of performance. Of particular interest and value are several reports from clinically-inclined investigators that describe recent studies of electrically-mediated cell response. These areas represent opportunities for future developments and collaborations between chemists, materials scientists, biomedical engineers, and physicians. Taken together, these chapters provide a comprehensive overview of issues related to the interface between active devices and biological systems" —David C. Martin, Karl W. and Renate Böer Professor of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Delaware (from the Foreword)Table of ContentsEarly History of Conductive Organic PolymersSynthesis of Biomedically Relevant Conducting PolymersProperties and Characterization of Conductive PolymersMechanism in Charge Transfer and Electrical StabilityIndustry Viable Metal Anti-corrosion Application of PolyanilineMedical Device Implants for Neuromodulation. The Electromagnetic Nature of Protein-Protein InteractionsThe Impact of Electric Fields on Cell Processes, Membrane Proteins and Intracellular Signaling CascadesLipid-Protein Electrostatic Interactions in the Regulation of Membrane-Protein ActivitiesExperimental Methods to Manipulate Cultured Cells with Electrical and Electromagnetic FieldsThe Neurotrophic Factor Rationale for Using Brief Electrical Stimulation to Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Animal Models and Human PatientsIn vitro Modulatory Effects of Electrical Field on FibroblastsThe Role of Electrical Field on Neurons: In vitro StudiesModulation of Bone Cell Activities in vitro by Electrical and Electromagnetic StimulationsElectrical Stimulation of Cells Derived from MuscleThe Response of Endothelial Cells to Endogenous Bioelectric Fields The Role of Electrical Field on Stem Cells In VitroEffects of Electrical Stimulation on Cutaneous Wound Healing: Evidence from in vitro Studies and Clinical TrialsEffect of Electrical Stimulation on Bone Healing

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Book SynopsisPolymers have emerged as one of the most innovative classes of materials in modern materials science, leading to new applications in medicine and pharmacy. This book offers a convincing and understandable approach to polymer biomaterial devices being used in various areas related to biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. The polymer materials finding application as biomaterials are discussed and described in detail pertaining to the areas of artificial implants, orthopedics, ocular devices, dental implants, drug delivery systems, burns and wounds. Table of ContentsIntroduction. Polymers in Dental Devices. Polymers in Orthopedic Devices. Polymers in Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers in Wound Dressing Materials. Polymers in Tissue Engineering. Polymers in Ocular Devices. Polymers in Cardiovascular Systems. Present Market of Available Polymer Biomedical Devices. Present Challenges and Future Prospects.

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Book SynopsisUpconverting Nanomaterials: Perspectives, Synthesis, and Applications serves as a powerful instrument that explores cutting-edge research knowledge on the topic of upconverting nanosystems, while simultaneously providing the necessary fundamental background for nonspecialist readers. The various aspects of upconverting materials are approached both from a theoretical point of view, particularly upconverting phenomenon, and a practical one. By presenting synthetic strategies, functionalization, production of core shell structures and nanocomposites, this book supplies PhD students, researchers, and scientists with a wealth of ideas they can apply to different fields of research. Thirty-five renowned scientists from around the world have collaborated to produce 11 chapters that help to make a voyage through the most important aspects of UPNPs, including syntheses, mechanism, functionalization, and applications.Trade Review"The editor has done an excellent job in both the selection of authors for the individual chapters and also in the way she has presented the chapters.The authors have written this in a way that someone like me with little knowledge of the area can understand the principles but I believe that someone skilled in the area would also find this useful.This book also provides a very broad reference platform as at the end of each chapter there are excellent, up to date references. You may have realised already, I think this book is well worth the £127 selling price."—Peter Myers, Chromatographia Journal 2017Table of ContentsSection I: Synthesis and Mechanism. A perspective on lanthanide chemistry. Principle of luminescence upconversion and its enhancement in nanosystems. Synthesis of upconverting nanomaterials: Designing the composition and the nanostructure. Functionalization Aspects of Water Dispersible Upconversion Nanoparticles. Synergistic Effects in Organic-Coated Upconversion Nanoparticles. Tuning Optical Properties of Lanthanide Upconversion Nanoparticles. Upconversion Enhancement Using Epitaxial Core/Shell Nanostructures. Section II: Applications. Active-Core-Active-Shell Upconverting Nanoparticles: novel mechanisms, features and perspectives for bio-labeling. Upconversion Nanoparticles for Phototherapy. Upconverting Nanoparticles for Security Applications. Nanothermometry using Upconverting Nanoparticles.

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Book SynopsisAwareness of the importance of ensuring durability of concrete has been a growing concern of engineers, and there is now considerable understanding of the mechanisms, which cause its deterioration, and means of limiting such damage through the use of appropriate materials and approaches to design.Many of the deterioration mechanisms, which affect concrete, are the result of interaction with the non-living environment chlorides in seawater, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, cyclic freezing and thawing. However, living organisms can also cause damage through both chemical and physical processes - which under the right conditions, can be severe.This book looks at all forms of concrete biodeterioration together for the first time. It examines, from a fundamental starting point, biodeterioration mechanisms, as well as the conditions which allow living organisms (bacteria, fungi, plants and a range of marine organisms) to colonise concrete. A detailed evaluation of chemicaTable of ContentsIntroduction. The Chemistry of Concrete Biodeterioration. Bacterial Biodeterioration. Fungal Biodeterioration. Plants and Biodeterioration. Damage to Concrete from Animal Activity.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers recent advancements in the field of polymer science and technology. Frontiers areas, such as polymers based on bio-sources, polymer based ferroelectrics, polymer nanocomposites for capacitors, food packaging and electronic packaging, piezoelectric sensors, polymers from renewable resources, superhydrophobic materials and electrospinning are topics of discussion. The contributors to this book are expert researchers from various academic institutes and industries from around the world.Table of ContentsNovel Polymer Composites. Nano-Polymer Technology. Micro-Macro-Nano Testing and Characterization of Polymers. Specialty Polymers. Bio-Based and Biocompatible Polymer Materials. New Polymer Applications.

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Book SynopsisAdvanced high strength steels (AHSSs) for auto-making are primarily produced by rolling, plus heat treatment technologies if necessary. However, due to the metallurgical complexity of AHSSs, it is impossible to roll all of the AHSS grades in a rolling mill with the same rolling technology. Each of AHSSs has unique applications in vehicles, and specified rolling technologies are required to produce high quality AHSS products where they might be the best employed to meet performance demands of the automotive parts. Such background has prompted the publication of this scholarly book in the area of rolling of AHSSs with a purpose of providing readers with a valuable technical document that can be used in the research and development of AHSSs for automotive and other manufacturing industries. With contributors from USA, Germany, Poland, Italy, Spain, Austria, Australia, China, India and Iran, the book highlights the latest advances in rolling technologies of AHSSs. It focusTable of ContentsAdvanced High Strength Steels and Their Processes. A New Theory for Cold Flat Rolling. Estimation of Temperature Distribution in Flat Rolling. Cellular Automaton Modeling of the Microstructural Evolution in AHSS Hot Rolling. Thermomechanical Processing of TRIP Steels. Newly-Developed High-Manganese Fe-Mn.(Al, Si) Austenitic TWIP and TRIP Steels. Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steels and Their Hot Rolling Technologies. Hot Rolling Practice of Multiphase Steels. Hot Rolling System Design for Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSSs). Cold Rolling of TWIP Steels. Cold Rolling Practice of Martensitic Steel. Cold Rolling and Annealing of Advanced High Strength Steels. Chattering in Rolling of Advanced High Strength Steels. Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Advanced High Strength Steels. Control Model of Heat Treatment Process in the Rolling of Advanced High Strength Steels.

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Book SynopsisThis edited book focuses on the latest advances and development of utilizing two-dimensional nanostructures for energy and its related applications. Traditionally, the geometry of this material refers to thin film or coating. The book covers three main parts, beginning with synthesis, processing, and property of two-dimensional nanostructures for active and passive layers followed by topics on characterization of the materials. It concludes with topics relating to utilization of the materials for usage in devises for energy and its related applications.Table of ContentsSupercapacitors and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts Based on Graphene, MoS2 and Related Layered Materials. Layer-structured Thermoelectric Materials: Fundamentals, Strategies and Progress. Thermoelectric Properties of Organic and Inorganic Materials and Cells. Graphene Applications in Optoelectronic Devices. Epitaxial Growth of III-Nitrides on Si Substrates for Highly-Efficient LED Application. Understanding the Role of CVD Nanodiamond Thin Films in Solar Energy Conversion. A Discussion on the Use of Metal-containing Diamond-like Carbon (Me-DLC) Films as Selective Solar Absorber Coatings. ZnO Thin Films: The Most Potential Semiconductor Material as Buffer Layers in Thin Film Solar Cells. Formation of Nanoporous a -Fe2O3Thin Film as Photoanode by Anodic Oxidation on Iron. Synthesis Processes, Characterization Methods and Energy Related Applications of Nano-crystalline Titanium Dioxide. Design of ZnO Nano-Architectures and Its Applications. Thermally Grown Native Oxide Thin Films on SiC. Formation, Growth Mechanism and Electronic Structures of Ge Films on Si Substrates.

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Book SynopsisAluminumâLithium Alloys: Process Metallurgy, Physical Metallurgy, and Welding provides theoretical foundations of the technological processes for melting, casting, forming, heat treatment, and welding of AlâLi alloys. It contains a critical survey of the research in the field and presents data on commercial AlâLi alloys, their phase composition, microstructure, and heat treatment of the ingots, sheets, forgings, and welds of AlâLi alloys. It details oxidation kinetics, protective alloying, hydrogen in AlâLi alloys, and crack susceptibility. It also discusses grain structure and solidification, as well as structural and mechanical properties. The book is illustrated with examples of AlâLi alloy applications in aircraft structures. Based on the vast experience of the coauthors, the book presents recommendations on solving practical problems involved with melting and casting ingots, welding of AlâLi alloys, and producing massive stampings for welded products.Provides compTrade Review"… gives a comprehensive and detailed overview about metallurgical details that are not so often shown in such books." — Matthias Knuewer, Airbus Operations GmbH, Bremen, Germany"The authors have done a stupendous job in bridging the knowledge gap in theoretical understanding of the AL-Li processes with the actual industry practices. The reader will find the treatment of molten metal quality control and its tie in with casting practice recipes to be of fundamental value. The book will become a desk reference for those metallurgists involved in the manufacturing of aerospace grade aluminum lithium alloys as well as a course book for students of aluminum cast house Technology for reactive alloys." —Ravi Tilak, Almex USA, Inc., Buena Park, California, USA"This ‘troika’ of authors has pulled together 265 references, mainly from Russian technical sources, and summarized the vast literature in eight concise and readable chapters, detailing not only the theoretical basis of Al-Li alloying but all the practical aspects of their production and fabrication." —Light Metal Age, December 2016Table of ContentsBrief History of Aluminum–Lithium Alloy Creation. Theoretical Basis of Aluminum–Lithium Alloying with Controlled Lithium Content and Metallic and Nonmetallic Impurities. Hydrogen in Aluminum–Lithium Alloys. Crack Susceptibility and Peculiarities of Casting Aluminum–Lithium Alloy Billets. Aluminum–Lithium Alloy Grain Structure Solidification Conditions and Peculiarities. Excess Hetero-Phasicity in 1420 Alloy Billets and Its Hereditary Influence on the Structure, Properties, and Weldability of Semifinished Products. Structure, Mechanical Properties, and Weldability of Alloy 1420 Die Forgings of Complicated Configuration versus Initial Slab Structure and Pressure Forming Modes. Aluminum–Lithium Alloy Welding Process Features.

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Book SynopsisSurface Phenomena in the Structural and Mechanical Behaviour of Solid Polymers explores the role of various surface phenomena in the structural and mechanical behaviour of amorphous and semicrystalline polymers. This book: Discusses the development of the interfacial surface in the deformation of polymers Examines the healing of interfacial surfaces in polymers Inspects the structure and properties of polymers in thin films and surface layers Evaluates the mechanism of inelastic deformation in glassy amorphous polymers Investigates strain softening and the phenomena taking place upon deformation of polymers in active liquid media Covers the Rehbinder effect, or the adsorption reduction of the strength of solids Describes the properties of polymers in environmental or solvent crazing Analyses the interaction of the highly developed surface of crazed polymers with diverse low- and high-molecular masTable of ContentsDevelopment of the interfacial surface in deformation of polymers. Healing of the interfacial surface in polymer systems. Special features of the structure and properties of surface layers and thin (nanometric) films of glassy polymers. Role of surface phenomena in shear yielding of glassy polymers. Role of surface phenomena in strain softening of glassy and crystalline polymers. Role of surface phenomena in deformation of polymers in active liquid media. The structure and properties of crazed polymers. Multiphase nanodispersed systems based on crazed polymers. Instability and self-organisation of polymer surfaces. Evaluation of the structural and mechanical properties of nanometric surface layers. Natural systems constructed on the basis of the ‘a rigid coating on a soft substratum’ principle. Perspectives for the practical application of surface phenomena in solid polymers.

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Book SynopsisFinishing is the final operation after a part is sized and shaped. Currently in high tech industries, there is a demand for nano level surface finishing of components. This process is done to improve the surface finish, to remove the recast layer, or to remove surface and sub-surface defects. The result is low friction, longer product life, and low power requirements. Equally important is the aesthetic aspect of the product. This subject is growing very fast from the technology as well as a science point of view. Books on this subject are very limited, particularly those ones that deal with both the science as well as the technology aspects. Trade Review"The book delivers comprehensive knowledge in the subject of finishing and polishing processes. It covers not only fundamental work principles but also the process specific applications for basic and advanced finishing and polishing processes. State-of-the-art hybrid nanofinishing processes are the highlights of the book. It is an excellent book for UG and PG students and a unique handbook for industrial professionals."— Xichun Luo, University of Strathclyde, United KingdomTable of ContentsForeword, Preface, Editor, Contributors, Introduction to Nanofinishing, Honing, Lapping, Abrasive Flow Finishing Process and Modeling, Elastic Emission Machining, Elasto-abrasive Finishing, Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Nanofinishing for Ultra-thin TEM Sample Preparation, Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Process and Modeling, Magnetorheological Finishing, Nanofinishing of Free Form Surfaces using BEMRF, Nanofinishing Process for Spherical Components, Chemomechanical magnetorheological finishing, Electrochemical Grinding, Electrochemical Magnetic abrasive finishing, Electric-Discharge Diamond Grinding, Fine Finishing of Gears Electrochemical Honing Process, Measurement Systems for characterization of micro/nano of the finished surfaces, Optimization of Advanced Finishing Processes Using Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm, Molecular Dynamic Simulation (MDS) to Study nanoscale cutting Processes, Nanofinishing of Biomedical Implants, Chemo Mechanical Planarization, Subject Index, Authors Index

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Book SynopsisInnovation through specific and rational design and functionalization has led to the development of a wide range of mesoporous materials with varying morphologies (hexagonal, cubic, rod-like), structures (silicates, carbons, metal oxides), and unique functionalities (doping, acid functionalization) that currently makes this field one of the most exciting in materials science and energy applications. This book focuses primarily on the rapid progress in their application in energy conversion and storage technologies, including supercapacitor, Li-ion battery, fuel cells, solar cells, and photocatalysis (water splitting) and will serve as a valuable reference for researchers in the fieldTable of ContentsFunctional mesoporous carbons from template methods for energy storage and conversion. Nanoporous carbon for capacitive energy storage. Mesoporous structured materials as new proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. Mesoporous structured electrocatalysts for fuel cells. Mesoporous materials for batteries. Recent advances in mesoporous materials for lithium batteries. Controlling the photoanode mesostructure for dye-sensitized and perovskite-sensitized solar cells.

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Book SynopsisHydrogels are crosslinked, macromolecular polymeric materials arranged in a three-dimensional network, which can absorb and retain large amounts of water. Hydrogels are commonly used in clinical practice and experimental medicine for a wide range of applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, diagnostics, cellular immobilization, separation of biomolecules or cells, and barrier materials to regulate biological adhesions. This book elucidates the underlying concepts and emerging applications of hydrogels and will provide key case studies and critical analysis of the existing research.Table of ContentsMicroarchitecture of Water Confined in Hydrogels. The Fate of Thixotropy in Hydrogels. Hydrogel Network Parameters. Mechanisms of drug release from hydrogels in medical applications. Hydrogel Coatings for Medical Device Applications. Hydrogels for Bone Regeneration: An Overview. Hydrogels in Wound Management. Hydrogels for Imaging, Sensing and Diagnostics. Engineering Hyaluronan (HA) Hydrogels with Bioactive and Mechanical Signals. Hydrogel Nanomaterials for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. Thermosensitive Hydrogels for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering. Silk Hydrogels for Drug and Cell Delivery. In-Situ Forming Phase-inversion Injectable Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Release. Transdermal Applications of Hydrogels. Preparation of Photocurable Hydrogels. Stimuli-Responsive Biomolecular Hydrogels for Medical Applications. Bioengineering Complexity and Tuneability in Hydrogels. Synthetic hydrogels for 3D cell culture.

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Book SynopsisDNA Nanoscience: From Prebiotic Origins to Emerging Nanotechnology melds two tales of DNA. One is a look at the first 35 years of DNA nanotechnology to better appreciate what lies ahead in this emerging field. The other story looks back 4 billion years to the possible origins of DNA which are shrouded in mystery. The book is divided into three parts comprised of 15 chapters and two Brief Interludes.Part I includes subjects underpinning the book such as a primer on DNA, the broader discipline of nanoscience, and experimental tools used by the principals in the narrative. Part II examines the field of structural DNA nanotechnology, founded by biochemist/crystallographer Nadrian Seeman, that uses DNA as a construction material for nanoscale structures and devices, rather than as a genetic material. Part III looks at the work of physicists Noel Clark and Tommaso Bellini who found that short DNA (nanoDNA) forms liquid crystals that act as a structural gatTrade Review‘DNA Nanoscience takes us on a journey into the future, where sub-microscopic gadgets built from DNA may be used to detect specific molecules one-at-a-time or to deliver therapeutic drugs specifically to cancer cells. Looking in the other direction, the journey takes us back 4 billion years to a time when the self-organization of DNA into liquid crystals may have facilitated the reproduction of what would become our genetic material, arguably the key step in the origin of life.DNA Nanoscience is scholarly and full of technical figures. But the science is accompanied by clear explanations that make it accessible to college student and science-savvy citizens. It is a pleasure to find a book that is so true to the science while being so enjoyable to read.’– Thomas R. CechDistinguished Professor, University of Colorado-Boulder; Director, BioFrontiers Institute; Nobel Laureate (Chemistry 1989).‘Douglas’ DNA Nanoscience is something of a miracle.’– Stuart KauffmanEmeritus Professor Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania; Affiliate Professor, The Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle; Author of At Home in the Universe.‘This book changed my life. Every seven years, as my sabbatical approaches, I search about for a new direction to focus my research and Ken Douglas’ book, DNA Nanoscience, appeared just in time.’– Seth FradenProfessor of Physics; Director, The Bioinspired Soft Materials Center, Brandeis University.‘Instructive like a textbook and exciting like a novel! For everybody interested in modern natural sciences, this book is a must to read.’– Andreas HerrmannProfessor of Polymer Chemistry and Bioengineering; Chair of the Board, The Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen, The Netherlands.‘To sum up, this is both a lively and profound book, the reading of which I strongly recommend.’– Jacques ProstDirector Emeritus of CNRS (Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique) at Institut Curie, Paris; Distinguished Professor, National University of Singapore.‘This book tells a fascinating new story about DNA. The subject matter also stretches as needed into biology to teach basic ideas about cell membranes and metabolism. It provides a wonderful taste of DNA nanoscience at the research frontier.’– Arjun G. YodhJames M. Skinner Professor of Science, Endowed Chair; Director, PENN Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania.‘The only way that the general public will continue to trust the proclamation of the scientific establishment is through books like this one – where the foibles and fears and eccentricities of the scientists are shown to be the same as those of the artist, musician and businessman. Scientists are just artists who want to work with mother nature, without the freedom to make up new worlds as we go along. The real world is magical enough for them.’– Joseph A. Zasadzinski3M Harry Heltzer Chair in Multidisciplinary Science and Technology; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota.'The book’s eclectic and elaborate vision, looking back to the ancient past and forward to the equally unknowable future sets Douglas’ DNA Nanoscience apart from other attempts to present DNA nanoscience.... Written in beautiful prose and richly illustrated with over 200 full-color figures ... it also serves as a bird’s-eye survey for a more general readership, viz., for those in the public who are curious and enjoy thinking. These citizens are aware of DNA nanoscience snippets making it into the daily news but would like to acquire a deeper, more meaningful and thorough understanding of what the fuss is all about.Douglas’ book DNA Nanoscience: From Prebiotic Origins to Emerging Nanotechnology covers an astoundingly broad ground.... By writing this book on the emerging field of DNA nanoscience Kenneth Douglas has thus done a double service—to science as well as to its public image. I believe that the reception of the book will do justice to the meticulous research and artistry of this tome.'– Rudolf Podgornik (Jožef Stefan Institute)Journal of Biological Physics (August 2016), DOI: 10.1007/s10867-016-9425-4.‘DNA Nanoscience takes us on a journey into the future, where sub-microscopic gadgets built from DNA may be used to detect specific molecules one-at-a-time or to deliver therapeutic drugs specifically to cancer cells. Looking in the other direction, the journey takes us back 4 billion years to a time when the self-organization of DNA into liquid crystals may have facilitated the reproduction of what would become our genetic material, arguably the key step in the origin of life.DNA Nanoscience is scholarly and full of technical figures. But the science is accompanied by clear explanations that make it accessible to college student and science-savvy citizens. It is a pleasure to find a book that is so true to the science while being so enjoyable to read.’– Thomas R. CechDistinguished Professor, University of Colorado-Boulder; Director, BioFrontiers Institute; Nobel Laureate (Chemistry 1989).‘Douglas’ DNA Nanoscience is something of a miracle.’– Stuart KauffmanEmeritus Professor Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania; Affiliate Professor, The Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle; Author of At Home in the Universe.‘This book changed my life. Every seven years, as my sabbatical approaches, I search about for a new direction to focus my research and Ken Douglas’ book, DNA Nanoscience, appeared just in time.’– Seth FradenProfessor of Physics; Director, The Bioinspired Soft Materials Center, Brandeis University.‘Instructive like a textbook and exciting like a novel! For everybody interested in modern natural sciences, this book is a must to read.’– Andreas HerrmannProfessor of Polymer Chemistry and Bioengineering; Chair of the Board, The Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; University of Groningen, The Netherlands.‘To sum up, this is both a lively and profound book, the reading of which I strongly recommend.’– Jacques ProstDirector Emeritus of CNRS (Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique) at Institut Curie, Paris; Distinguished Professor, National University of Singapore.‘This book tells a fascinating new story about DNA. The subject matter also stretches as needed into biology to teach basic ideas about cell membranes and metabolism. It provides a wonderful taste of DNA nanoscience at the research frontier.’– Arjun G. YodhJames M. Skinner Professor of Science, Endowed Chair; Director, PENN Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania.‘The only way that the general public will continue to trust the proclamation of the scientific establishment is through books like this one – where the foibles and fears and eccentricities of the scientists are shown to be the same as those of the artist, musician and businessman. Scientists are just artists who want to work with mother nature, without the freedom to make up new worlds as we go along. The real world is magical enough for them.’Joseph A. Zasadzinski3M Harry Heltzer Chair in Multidisciplinary Science and Technology; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota.'The book’s eclectic and elaborate vision, looking back to the ancient past and forward to the equally unknowable future sets Douglas’ DNA Nanoscience apart from other attempts to present DNA nanoscience.... Written in beautiful prose and richly illustrated with over 200 full-color figures ... it also serves as a bird’s-eye survey for a more general readership, viz., for those in the public who are curious and enjoy thinking. These citizens are aware of DNA nanoscience snippets making it into the daily news but would like to acquire a deeper, more meaningful and thorough understanding of what the fuss is all about.Douglas’ book DNA Nanoscience: From Prebiotic Origins to Emerging Nanotechnology covers an astoundingly broad ground.... By writing this book on the emerging field of DNA nanoscience Kenneth Douglas has thus done a double service—to science as well as to its public image. I believe that the reception of the book will do justice to the meticulous research and artistry of this tome.'– Rudolf Podgornik (Jožef Stefan Institute)Journal of Biological Physics (August 2016), DOI: 10.1007/s10867-016-9425-4.Table of ContentsA Note to the ReaderPrefaceAuthor BiographyAcknowledgmentsINTRODUCTION: Grandma Needs a WalkerPART I — The Story Line and Its UnderpinningsCHAPTER ONE — Down the Road and the GemischDramatis Personae, Part I: Nadrian SeemanMolecular Crystals—Inspiration from EscherPerspiration and ReinventionDramatis Personae, Part II: Noel Clark, Tommaso BelliniLiquid Crystals and Self-AssemblySeeman, Bellini and Clark, and Base ComplementarityConventional Wisdom and an Alternative ViewEndnotesCHAPTER TWO — DNA: The Molecule That Makes Life Work—and MoreErwin ChargaffRosalind FranklinJames Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice WilkinsDNA SequencingPolyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE)DNA SynthesisExercises for Chapter TwoEndnotesCHAPTER THREE — Travels to the NanoworldThe Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)Moving Atoms With an STMStanding WavesQuantum CorralsNanomethodologySpherical Nucleic Acids (SNAs)Biodiagnostic Detection Using SNAsExercises for Chapter ThreeEndnotesCHAPTER FOUR—Liquid Crystals: Nature’s Delicate Phase of MatterPhase TransitionsClasses of Liquid CrystalsCell Membranes and the Langmuir TroughMicellesLiquid Crystal DisplaysExercises for Chapter FourEndnotesCHAPTER FIVE — Tools of the TradePolarized Light MicroscopyLiquid Crystal Texture Seen Through a Depolarized Light MicroscopeTransmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)X-Ray Diffraction and Bragg’s LawThe Phase ProblemSynchrotron X-Ray DiffractionExercises for Chapter FiveEndnotesPART II — The Emerging Technology: Nanomaterials Constructed From DNACHAPTER SIX — The Three Pillars of Structural DNA NanotechnologyBranched DNA and DNA JunctionsSticky EndsImmobile Four-Arm DNA JunctionTwo-Dimensional Ligation of DNA JunctionsDeconstruction of Concatenated Nucleic Acid JunctionsMacrocyclesThree-Dimensional Constructions and CatenanesThe DNA CubeExercises for Chapter SixEndnotesCHAPTER SEVEN — Motif Generation, Sequence Design, Nanomechanical DevicesFlexible Junctions ReduxThe Double-Crossover (DX) MoleculeDesign and Self-Assembly of Two-Dimensional DNA CrystalsTwo-Dimensional Nanoparticle ArraysSequence DesignNanomechanical DevicesExercises for Chapter SevenEndnotesCHAPTER EIGHT—DNA Origami, DNA BricksScaffolded DNA OrigamiDNA Origami PatternsStrand Invasion also called Strand DisplacementDNA Origami With Complex Curvatures in Three DimensionsDNA Tiles in Two DimensionsDNA Bricks in Three DimensionsDNA Brick Shapes in Three DimensionsDNA Brick CrystalsSeeman, Rothemund, and YinExercises for Chapter EightEndnotesCHAPTER NINE — DNA Assembly Line and the Triumph of Tensegrity TrianglesDNA Nanoscale Assembly Line (Overview)DNA WalkersDNA Machines and Paranemic Crossover MoleculesDNA Cassette With Robot Arm and DNA Origami TrackDNA Assembly LineThe Triumph of Tensegrity TrianglesExercises for Chapter NineEndnotesBRIEF INTERLUDE I — Back to MethuselahMolecular-Scale WeavingMoors and Crossover MoleculesTensegrity SculptingMayan Pottery, Chirality, and the Handedness of LifeEndnotesCHAPTER TEN — DNA Nanotechnology Meets the Real WorldCell Membrane ChannelsSynthetic Membrane Channels via DNA NanotechnologyCurrent GatingChannels as Single-Molecule SensorsMolecular Nanorobots Built by DNA Origami: Cell-Targeted Drug DeliveryTests of Nanorobot FunctionTest of Binding Discrimination: Healthy Cells vs. Leukemia Cells (NK Cells)Exercises for Chapter TenEndnotesPART III — The Possible Origins of Life’s Information CarrierCHAPTER ELEVEN — Chance FindingsOnsager’s Criterion for an Isotropic-Nematic Liquid Crystal Phase TransitionNanoDNA Seems to Violate Onsager’s Venerable CriterionThe DetailsShifting GearsPhase Separation into Liquid Crystal DropletsThe Depletion InteractionFlory’s ModelExercises for Chapter ElevenEndnotesCHAPTER TWELVE — Unexpected ConsequencesHierarchical Self-AssemblyNanoRNABlunt Ends and Sticky EndsBase Stacking ForcesThe Scope of the Self-Assembly Mechanisms of Nucleic AcidsRandom-Sequence NanoDNAThe Strange World of Random-Sequence NanoDNALiquid Crystal Ordering of Random-Sequence NanoDNANon-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics: Kinetic Arrest and Nonergodic BehaviorExercises for Chapter TwelveEndnotesCHAPTER THIRTEEN — Ligation: Blest be the Tie That BindsNanoDNA Stacking: Weak Physical Attractive Forces vs. Chemical LigationAbiotic Ligation Experiments with EDCThe Scheme: Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-Induced Phase SeparationGel Electrophoresis of D1p Oligomers With Polyacrylamide and Agarose GelsAnother Stellar Contribution by Chemist Paul J. FloryAnalysis of Gel Profiles: The Experimental Data is Well Described by the Flory ModelThe Lowdown on Ligation EfficiencyThe Liquid Crystal Phase as GatekeeperCascaded Phase SeparationExercises for Chapter ThirteenEndnotesBRIEF INTERLUDE II — The Handedness of LifeChiralityLife is HomochiralMacroscopic Chiral Helical Precession of Molecular OrientationBellini and Clark Examine NanoDNA ChiralityA Lighter Take on ChiralityExercises for Brief Interlude IIEndnotesCHAPTER FOURTEEN — All the World’s a Stage and Life’s a Play—Did it Arise From Clay?Emergence and ComplexityMiller-Urey ExperimentRNA World HypothesisOther Plausible VenuesReplicator-First vs. Metabolism-FirstFeats of ClayThe Lipid WorldLiquid Crystals in the Work of Deamer and the Work of Bellini/ClarkManfred Eigen and Stuart KauffmanExercises for Chapter FourteenEndnotesCHAPTER FIFTEEN — The Passover Question: Why is This Origins Proposal Different From All Other Proposals?Emergence and Broken SymmetryAbout-FaceOccam’s RazorThe RNA World RevisitedSticky Business, Part I: What Constitutes Plausible Prebiotic Conditions?Sticky Business, Part II: The Origins Question—Whose Home Turf Is It?Discovering the Physical Processes that Enabled the Chemistry of LifeMetabolism-First RevisitedComputer Simulations and Mathematical ModelingAn Ancient "Liquid Crystal World"EndnotesEpilogueAPPENDIX — Texture of Liquid Crystal Optical ImagesSmectic Phase Liquid Crystal TextureBent-Core MoleculesExtinction BrushesChiral Nematic Texture of NanoDNA Liquid CrystalsColumnar Texture of NanoDNA Liquid CrystalsEndnotesGlossaryIndex

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Book SynopsisPhase morphology in multicomponent polymer-based systems represents the main physical characteristic that allows for control of the material design and implicitly the development of new plastics. Emphasizing properties of these promising new materials in both solution and solid phase, this book describes the preparation, processing, properties, and practical implications of advanced multiphase systems from macro to nanoscales. It covers a wide range of systems including copolymers, polymer blends, polymer composites, gels, interpenetrating polymers, and layered polymer/metal structures, describing aspects of polymer science, engineering, and technology. The book analyzes experimental and theoretical aspects regarding the thermal and electrical transport phenomena and magnetic properties of crucial importance in advanced technologies. It reviews the most recent advances concerning morphological, rheological, interfacial, physical, fire-resistant, thermophysical, and biomedical properTrade Review"… a very good book for students, educators and application engineers." — Sorin Manolache, Pellucid Water, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA"The title of this book is very attractive. With well-organized contents and well-written chapters, it will certainly be a successful book." —Wei Yu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"This state-of the-art book introduces the researchers to the interesting field of Multiphase Polymer Systems. All the chapters are well composed and nothing is missing. I am confident in the materials represented, and that they will attract researchers from different disciplines." — Vijay Kumar Thakur, Washington State University, USATable of ContentsSection I Multiphase Polymer Systems in Solution Phase. Miscible and Immiscible Polymer Blends: The Impact of Viscosity and Phase-Separation on the Development of Commercial Products. Complex Macromolecular Architectures of Copolymer Solution Assemblies for Regenerative Medicine and Drug Delivery. Porous Polymer Structures by Synthesis from Liquid Two-Phase Systems. Advanced Materials Based on Multicomponent Polymeric Systems. Flow Domains of Polymer Solutions with Liquid Crystal Phase. Microstructure Evolution during Reinforcement of Polymer Solutions. Section II Multiphase Polymer Systems in Solid Phase. Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Design: New Challenges and Applications. From Macro- to Nanoscale Surface Morphological Features of Multiphase Polymer Films. Insights into Depth of Structural Organization Using X-ray Methods. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis in Polymeric Multiphase Systems. Designing Thermophysical Behavior of Polymers with Nanometric Inclusions for Heat Dissipation in Electronic Devices. Polymer Systems Containing Electrically Conductive Single and Multiphases. Polymer Composites with Maleimide Compounds. Fire-Resistant Epoxy Resins Containing Organophosphorus Compounds. Magnetic Polymer Composites for Sensor Applications. Development of Imide Type Polymer Fibers Containing Metal Nanoparticles. Electrochemical Inclusion of Metallic Clusters in Organic Polymers. Thin Metal Films on Polymer Substrate.

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Book SynopsisAutomotive manufacturers are required to decrease CO2 emissions and increase fuel economy while assuring driver comfort and safety. In recent years, there has been rapid development in the application of lightweight and sustainable materials in the automotive industry to help meet these criteria. This book provides critical reviews and the latest research results of various lightweight and sustainable materials in automotive applications. It discusses current applications and future trends of lightweight materials in the automotive area. While there are a few books published mainly focusing on automotive applications of metallic lightweight materials, to date there is no available book focusing on a broad spectrum of lightweight materials, including metal, plastic, composites, bio-fiber, bio-polymer, carbon fiber, glass fiber, nanomaterials, rubber materials, and foaming materials, as this work does. The book also includes case studies of commercial lightweight automotiveTrade Review"...covers current applications and future trends relating to this field. The contents are contemporary and relevant, and the authors are highly qualified and well-known names in the field of sustainable composites and biocomposites."—Hom Nath Dhakal, University of Portsmouth, England"Excellent overview of the different lightweight materials and their sustainability. A must for every researcher and user in the automotive applications area."— Daniel Schwendemann, University of Applied Science Eastern Switzerland"...covers current applications and future trends relating to this field. The contents are contemporary and relevant, and the authors are highly qualified and well-known names in the field of sustainable composites and biocomposites."—Hom Nath Dhakal, University of Portsmouth, England"Excellent overview of the different lightweight materials and their sustainability. A must for every researcher and user in the automotive applications area."— Daniel Schwendemann, University of Applied Science Eastern SwitzerlandTable of ContentsNatural Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite. Natural Fiber Reinforced Thermosets Composite. Wood Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic and Thermosets Composites. Bio-Based Thermoplastic and Thermosets Polymer. Bio-Based EPDM Rubber and Sustainable EPDM Compounding. Carbon Fiber Composite Materials. Glass Fiber Composite Materials. Lightweight Nanocomposite Materials. Tribology of Aluminum and Aluminum Matrix Composite Materials. Magnesium and Its Alloys. Thermoplastic Foams: An Automotive Perspective. Lightweight Thermosets Foams. Lifecycle Assessment of Lightweight Materials for Automotive Applications. Case Studies - Sustainable and Lightweight Automotive Parts via Injection Molding.

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Book SynopsisIntroduction to Brazing Technology provides practical guidance for the industrial production of an effectively brazed joint. Written in plain language by an active technical consultant with more than 50 years of brazing experience, this clear and concise book: Explains the fundamental concepts of the brazing process Covers all the common heating methods used for brazing Describes how to obtain brazing operator accreditation Addresses the latest advances in brazing technology Features an extensive glossary of brazing terms Underscores the importance of the joint gap References EN and ISO standards Introduction to Brazing Technology ensures a good working knowledge of the application of brazing as an industrial joining technique. The book offers new and existing users of the technology a comprehensive reference for tackling the day-to-day challenges encountered during thTrade Review"Comprehensive and thorough brazing process guidelines are illustrated with practical examples supported by good reference data. These carefully described logical steps define the ‘rules’ for successful brazing. … This book will no doubt become a ‘go-to reference’ for those involved in running a brazing process."—Dr. D. K. Hawksworth, President, Diomedea, Inc."…having known the author for 49 years, and [having] participated in numerous technical meetings and conferences, I feel eminently qualified to enthusiastically recommend to the reader the quality and quantity of information to be gleaned from this book. The addition of a glossary is a very worthwhile tool to this excellent book."—Mel Schwartz, Author, Consultant, Technical Writer"The book ensures a good working knowledge of the application of brazing as an industrial joining technique. It offers new and existing users of the technology a comprehensive reference for tackling the day-today challenges encountered during the brazing process." —Welding and Cutting, 2016 “This comprehensive book on brazing technology would be an excellent choice for anyone wanting to learn about the brazing process, as well as for those already involved with brazing who need an excellent reference guide. It contains information on new aluminum brazing methods, corrosion of stainless steels, new fuel gases, new alloys and flux codes, and ISO specifications. As a troubleshooting guide alone, it is well worth purchasing.” —IEEE Electrical Insulation, September/October 2016"Introduction to Brazing Technology, written by P.M. Roberts, is one of the most complete books available to brazing practitioners. This edition has numerous explanations and valuable practical information. Overall, the text remains a must as a learning tool and its clear relevance to real-world industry practices makes it useful for both students and practitioners." —Annals of "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology, Volume 27, 2016"Comprehensive and thorough brazing process guidelines are illustrated with practical examples supported by good reference data. These carefully described logical steps define the ‘rules’ for successful brazing. … This book will no doubt become a ‘go-to reference’ for those involved in running a brazing process."—Dr. D. K. Hawksworth, President, Diomedea, Inc."…having known the author for 49 years, and [having] participated in numerous technical meetings and conferences, I feel eminently qualified to enthusiastically recommend to the reader the quality and quantity of information to be gleaned from this book. The addition of a glossary is a very worthwhile tool to this excellent book."—Mel Schwartz, Author, Consultant, Technical Writer"The book ensures a good working knowledge of the application of brazing as an industrial joining technique. It offers new and existing users of the technology a comprehensive reference for tackling the day-today challenges encountered during the brazing process." —Welding and Cutting, 2016“This comprehensive book on brazing technology would be an excellent choice for anyone wanting to learn about the brazing process, as well as for those already involved with brazing who need an excellent reference guide. It contains information on new aluminum brazing methods, corrosion of stainless steels, new fuel gases, new alloys and flux codes, and ISO specifications. As a troubleshooting guide alone, it is well worth purchasing.” —IEEE Electrical Insulation, September/October 2016"Introduction to Brazing Technology, written by P.M. Roberts, is one of the most complete books available to brazing practitioners. This edition has numerous explanations and valuable practical information. Overall, the text remains a must as a learning tool and its clear relevance to real-world industry practices makes it useful for both students and practitioners." —Annals of "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology, Volume 27, 2016Table of ContentsProcess Fundamentals and Operator Safety. Where Brazing Fits in Joining Technology. Joint Design Fundamentals. Filler Materials, Fluxes and Brazing Paste Fundamentals. Brazing with Flames. Induction and Resistance Heating. Furnace Brazing. Brazing Aluminium. Troubleshooting and Some Common Brazing Problems. Accreditation of Brazing Operators. Importance of the Joint Gap in Brazing. Glossary. Addendum A: SafeFlame®. Appendix A: Selection Charts. Appendix B: Filler Metal Comparison Tables.

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Book SynopsisExplore a Kinetic Approach to the Description of Nucleation An Alternative to the Classical Nucleation TheoryKinetic Theory of Nucleation presents an alternative to the classical theory of nucleation in gases and liquidsthe kinetic nucleation theory of RuckensteinNarsimhanNowakowski (RNNT). RNNT uses the kinetic theory of fluids to calculate the rate of evaporation of molecules from clusters, and unlike the classical nucleation theory (CNT), does not require macroscopic thermodynamics or the detailed balance principle. The book compares the rates of evaporation of molecules fromand condensation onthe surface of a nucleus of a new phase, and explains how this alternate approach can provide much higher nucleation rates than the CNT. It applies RNNT to various case studies that include the liquid-to-solid and vapor-to-liquid phase transitions, binary nucleation, heterogeneous nucleation, nucleation on soluble particles and protein foldTrade Review"The book covers a wide range of aspects of nucleation. It forms a critical mass by presenting so many issues in one place."—Abraham Marmur, Technion –Israel Institute of Technology"… well written and provides deep insight into the nucleation theory. … a fantastic tool for understanding the modern way of describing various processes of nucleation."—Reinhard Miller, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany"This book represents a comprehensive collection of the seminal papers on the nucleation phenomena published over the years by Professor Eli Ruckenstein and his coworkers…The book provides an indispensable resource of brilliantly written papers, each of which contains original ideas and methods. Reading these papers will help young researchers to better understand the methodology of science and learn the principles of the kinetic theory, which can be applied to diverse interfacial phenomena in nature, technology, and medicine."—Alexander V. Neimark, Ph.D, D.Sc., Distinguished Professor of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA Table of ContentsKINETIC THEORY OF LIQUID-TO-SOLID NUCLEATION. KINETIC THEORY OF VAPOR-TO-LIQUID NUCLEATION. APPLICATION OF THE KINETIC NUCLEATION THEORY TO PROTEIN FOLDING. KINETICS OF CLUSTER GROWTH ON A LATTICE.

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Book SynopsisThis book aims to provide a broad conceptual and theoretical perspective of apparel manufacturing process starting from raw material selection to packaging and dispatch of goods. Further, engineering practices followed in an apparel industry for production planning and control, line balancing, implementation of industrial engineering concepts in apparel manufacturing, merchandising activities and garment costing have been included, and they will serve as a foundation for future apparel professionals. The book addresses the technical aspects in each section of garment manufacturing process with considered quality aspects. This book also covers the production planning process and production balancing activities.It addresses the technical aspects in each section of garment manufacturing process and quality aspects to be considered in each process. Garment engineering questions each process/operation of the total work content and can reduce the work content and increase profitabiTable of ContentsIntroduction. Pattern making. Fabric spreading & cutting. Sewing machine. Sewing thread and needles. Seams and stitches. Feed mechanisms and sewing machine attachments. Fusing, pressing and packaging. Fullness and yokes. Collars. Plackets and pockets. Sleeves and cuffs. Apparel accessories and supporting materials. Production planning and control. Fabric utilization in cutting room. Garment production systems. Flow process grid. Plant loading and capacity planning. Garment merchandising. Garment costing.

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Book SynopsisIncreasingly stringent environmental regulations and industry adoption of waste minimization guidelines have thus, stimulated the need for the development of recycling and reuse options for metal related waste. This book, therefore, gives an overview of the waste generation, recycle and reuse along the mining, beneficiation, extraction, manufacturing and post-consumer value chain. This book reviews current status and future trends in the recycling and reuse of mineral and metal waste and also details the policy and legislation regarding the waste management, health and environmental impacts in the mining, beneficiation, metal extraction and manufacturing processes.This book is a useful reference for engineers and researchers in industry, policymakers and legislators in governance, and academics on the current status and future trends in the recycling and reuse of mineral and metal waste. Some of the key features of the book are as follows: Holistic approach tTable of Contents1. Overview. 2. Legislation and policies governing the environmental and health impacts of metallic waste. 3. Mining and beneficiation waste production and utilization. 4. Ferrous metals waste production and utilization. 5. Ferroalloys waste production and utilization. 6. Base metals smelting waste production and utilization. 7. Hydrometallurgical waste production and utilization. 8. Metal manufacturing and finishing waste production and utilization. 9. Post-consumer waste production and utilization. 10. Conclusions and future prospects.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a current view of the research and commercial landscape of diagnostics devices, particularly those that utilize microscale technologies, intended for both patient and laboratory use. Common diagnostic devices that are based on microfluidic principles include glucose sensors for diabetic patients and over-the-counter pregnancy tests. Other diagnostic devices are being developed to quickly test a patient for bacterial and viral infections, and other diseases. The chapters, written by experts from around the world, discuss how to fabricate, apply, and market microfluidic diagnostic chips for lab and at-home use. Most importantly, the book also contains a discussion of topics relevant to the private sector, including patient-focused, market-oriented development of diagnostics devices.Chapter9 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.Table of ContentsPrefaceSeries EditorEditorsContributorsSection I Microfluidic Devices for Diagnostics1. Handheld Microfluidics for Point-of-CareIn Vitro Diagnostics2. Body-Worn Microfluidic Sensors3. Fabrication and Applications of Paper-Based Microfluidics4. Printed Wax-Ink Valves for Multistep Assays in PaperAnalytical Devices5. Mycofluidics: Miniaturization of Mycotoxin Analysis6. Planar Differential Mobility Spectrometry forClinical Breath DiagnosticsSection II Applications in Disease Detection7. Rapid Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases UsingMicrofluidic Systems8. Microfluidics for Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Advances,Scalability, and ChallengesSection III Practical Aspects of Developinga Commercial Diagnostic Device9. Starting with the End in Mind by Developing Diagnosticsaround User Needs10. Incorporating the Needs of Users into the Development ofDiagnostics for Global Health: A Framework and Two CaseStudiesIndex

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Book SynopsisThis text covers nucleation and growth; modeling and phase equilibria; properties characterisation; diamond-like carbon; and wide bandgap nitrides and carbides of Diamond and Diamond-Film applications as presented as the proceedings of the third international symposium on Diamond Films in St.Petersburg, Russia June 16-19, 1996

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Book SynopsisFirst published in 1998. A collection of papers presented at the Proceedings of the Eighth Japan-U.S. Conference On Composite Materials, SEPTEMBER 24 to 25 , 1998. The conference is organized by Wayne State University and American Society for Composites in cooperation with U.S. Organizing Committee and the Japanese Organizing Committee. Since the Seventh Meeting in Kyoto in 1995, this meeting brings together accomplished composite researchers between the two countries to share latest developments and advances in the field. The scope of the current conference ranges over all aspects of composite materials with some emphasis on infrastructure applications of composites. Key areas in composites are covered by 110 papers with 35 presentations from Japan.Table of ContentsDedication-Professor Tsuyoshi Hayashi, Preface, PLENARY SESSION, Overview of Professor Hayashi's Contributions to Composites R & D in Japan, Overview of Professor Hayashi's Academic Achievements on Composites, Application of Composite Materials for the Repair of Concrete Structures in Japan, Fragile Foundations: The Nation's Infrastructure, PROCESSING I, Filament Winding of a CFRP Payload Attach Fitting, Advanced Composites Fabricated from Dry Powder Prepreg, Repair Methods for Composite Structures, Finite Element Modeling of Composite Processes, Draping and Filling of Long Axisymmetric Molds in RTM Process, PROCESSING II, Significance of Heat Dispersion in the Resin Transfer Molding Process, Heat Transfer Analysis of the Thermoplastic Filament Winding Process, Real Structure Determination for Permeability Prediction, Processing Envelopes for Supplemental Internal Resistive Heating during Thermosetting Composites Cure, On the Use of Darcy Permeability in Sheared Fabrics, DESIGN & ANALYSIS I, Large Deformation Nonlinear Response of Soft Composite Structures via Laminate Analogy, Local and Global Properties in 3D Braided Structural Shapes, Effect of Transverse Ply Cracks on the Effective Thermal Expansion Coefficients of Bidirectional Laminates, DESIGN & ANALYSIS II, The Response of General Unsymmetric Laminates to Simple Applied Forces, Axisymmetric Crack Problem in a Functionally Graded Semi-Infinite Medium, A Physically Based Micromechanical Theory and Diagrams of Macroscopic Stress-Corrosion Cracking in GFRP Laminates, Finite Element Analysis of Composite Sandwich Structures by Selective Layerwise Higher-Order Models, Localized Buckling (Crippling) of Pultruded Composite Structural Members, DAMAGE MECHANICS I, Numerical Aspects of a Micromechanical Model of a Cohesive Zone, A Strain Based Approach to Stiffness Loss in Cross-Ply Polymeric Composites under Fatigue Loading, Stiffness and Damage Identification of Laminated Plates Using Static Deflection

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Book SynopsisThe technology for the recovery, reprocessing and reuse of automotive polyurethanes in Europe is highly developed and serves as a successful example for other areas. This new book by a leading authority on this technology details the materials and methods, as well as the problems, involved in this work. Going beyond recovery, the authors examine the processes and applications involved in putting recovered material to economic use in marketable products. The text is supplemented with more than 60 tables providing useful data on polyurethane recycling processes and chemistry. More than 60 photographs, micrographs, diagrams and flowcharts illustrate materials, processes and products. In addition to a detailed presentation of this technology, the book provides a review of European regulation and programs dealing with automotive plastics recycling, as well as the voluntary activities of industry organizations and individual companies. The information in this new book will be useful to personnel involved in the research, development and recycling of plastics and other polymeric materials for automotive applications. The details of reprocessing chemistry will be especially useful to polymer chemists working with polyurethanes. TablesMuch of the technical data in this book is presented in 64 tables. Here is a small sample of this material: o Plastic Components in Used Cars… o Reaction conditions for glycolysis of the Bayflex 110-80 System o Parameters of the Continuous Pebra-Magna Glycolysis Process o Physical Properties of RIM Polyurethanes Obtained by Using Glycolysis Polyols (20% Filler) o Comparison of the Mechanical Properties Baydur® STR from Virgin Polyol and from 70% RRIM Recycled Polyol o Flame Retardant Behavior of Adhesive-Pressed Boards Based on EA Foam Illustrations More than 60 photographs, micrographs, flowcharts and diagrams illustrated processes and materials, including finished products made of recycled polyurethanes. Here is a small sampling of these figures. o Glycolysis cause/effect diagram o Direct RRIM-PU recycling via glycolysis o Automotive RIM parts for glycolysis o Flowchart of a discontinuous glycolysis process o Side panels produced by the RRIM process using Bayflex® recycled polyol o Reprocessing and processing of contaminated polyurethanes o Flowchart of the three-stream RIM process o Flowchart for the production of adhesive-pressed articles o "Grass stone" made from granulated RIM with adhesive pressingTable of ContentsFramework, General Outlines and Conditions in the European Automotive Industry. Cooperative European Automotive Industry Projects - National Projects. European Projects, European Car Makers' Positions and Actions. Applications: PU Recyclates in the European Automotive Industry o Polyurethanes. Application of Rebonded Foam in the European Automotive Industry. Applications of Glycolysis in the European Automotive Industry. Recycling of PU Paints: Recovery of PU Paints Today, Recycling of Two-Pack PU-Paints. Compression Molding of RIM and RRIM Polyurethanes for Reuse in the Automotive Industry. Powder/Regrind Technology. Adhesive Pressing of Polyurethanes, PU Composites and Commingled Polyurethanes: Adhesive Pressing of Commingled Polyurethanes, One-Stage Feed Frame Method, Adhesive Pressing of Sheets, Properties, Adhesive Pressing Project with Used Headliners and Headliner Production Scrap, Adhesive Pressing of Other Polyurethanes. Cast-Pressing of PU and PU Composite Materials. Injection Molding of PU Integral Skin Foam.

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Book SynopsisThe validation of equipment, processes and methods is a basic requirement that nowadays has to be met in most industries. This handbook deals with the validation of computerized systems in general as well as with analytical method validation. The many detailed practical examples focus on thermal analysis of materials, such as plastics and rubber.The handbook is intended for newcomers interested in the theoretical and regulatory aspects of validation and for thermal analysis practitioners who have to validate their equipment and methods.Table of Contents Part 1: Validation of Computerized Systems Recent Changes in Regulations and Regulatory Guidance Instrument Qualification, Computerized System Validation and Method Validation Regulatory Requirements for Computerized System Validation Computerized System Validation Writing the User Requirements Specification (URS) Auditing the System Supplier Installation Qualification and Operational Qualification (IQ and OQ) Performance Qualification (PQ) or End User Testing Part 2: Method Validation Measurement Errors and Uncertainty of Measurement Validation of Analytical Procedures and Methods Interlaboratory Studies in Thermal Analysis Method Development Through to SOP Practical Examples Appendix 1: 21 CFR Part 11 and EU GMP Annex 11 Appendix 2: Basic Statistics Appendix 3: Standard Test Methods for Thermal Analysis

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Book SynopsisWith the development of diverse analytical chemistry techniques, the discovery of rich and numerous properties pertaining to bicontinuous liquid crystal structures has yielded beneficial applications in medicine, consumer products, materials science, and biotechnology. Presenting contributions from 24 experts worldwide, Bicontinuous Liquid Crystals presents a comprehensive overview of these structures with a practical approach to applying them in manufacturing and laboratory processes. This book considers the cubic, mesh, ribbon, and sponge equilibrium phases of bicontinuous structures. It begins with a historical perspective and a theoretical platform for study, followed by a detailed discussion of physical chemistry, properties, and structural characteristics of the different phases. The text interrelates the most useful analytical methods for the characterization of the behavior and stability of liquid crystalline phases based on structure, geometry, composition-dependent changes, temperature, dispersion, and other factors. These techniques include differential geometry, thermodynamics, local and global packing, and the study of conformational entropy. The book also highlights tools for mathematically visualizing bicontinuous systems. This provides an excellent foundation for the authors' examination of the latest studies and applications, such as controlled release, materials development, fabrication, processing, polymerization, protein crystallization, membrane fusion, and treatment of human skin. Bicontinuous Liquid Crystals represents current trends and innovative ideas in the study of bicontinuous liquid crystals. Divided into three sections, it provides a complete overview of theoretical and modeling aspects, physical chemistry and characterization, and applications in this active field of research.Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. Introduction to Bicontinuous Phases. What's Missing. Theoretical Aspects and Modeling of Bicontinuous Phases. Physical Chemistry and Characterization. Applications.

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Book SynopsisPolyynes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications compiles information found scattered throughout the literature in inorganic, organic, and polymer chemistry into one cohesive volume.In addition to being a precursor of fullerenes, polyynes are one of the key precursors in the formation of soot and carbon dust, or elemental carbon in the galaxy, and their properties can be linked to interstellar band phenomena and other astrophysical behavior. More than 1,000 organic molecules produced by plants, fungi, and other microorganisms are also classified as polyynes, playing a biological role in nature that may be used in the treatment of diseases as antibiotics, anticancer, or anti-infective agents. Polyynes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications covers breakthrough discoveries, particularly the simplified synthesis of polyynes in solution stabilized by using appropriate end groups and carbon films achieved using chemical, electrochemical, and other sophisticated techniques. The book explains in great detail the conditions, apparatus, and experimental procedures to synthesize polyynes with consistent and reproducible results. By presenting new and unpublished results along with recent discoveries and theories, Polyynes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications reflects the thriving research status of polyynes in various disciplines as well as new ideas and guidelines for future research, discoveries, and applications of these molecules.Trade Review"The strength of this collection is that it captures the full breadth of the field, including bulk and small-molecule synthesis, computational modeling, and studies ranging from astrochemistry and mineralogy to materials science and drug design...useful to chemists who want to learn more about how other scientists think about polyynes and the putative linear allotrope of carbon, carbyne. Because so many of the chapters were contributed by the editor, this book has more continuity than many edited volumes." -Nancy S. Goroff, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2006Table of ContentsPreface . Editor. Contributors. Carbon Chain Molecules in Cryogenic Matrices. Synthesis and Characterization of Carbynoid Structures in Cluster-Assembled Carbon Films. Epitaxial Growth by D.C. Magnetron Sputtering of Carbyne (Chaoite) Microcrystals on CVD-Deposited Polycrystalline Diamond. Electrochemical Synthesis of Carbyne-Like Materials and Other Nanocarbons. Synthesis of Carbynoid Structures by the Combustion Flame Method. Cyclic Polyynes: Generation, Characterization, and Reactions. Formation of C2nH2 Polyynes by Laser Ablation of Graphite, Coal or C60 Particles Suspended in Selected Solvents. Polyynes: Synthesis with the Submerged Electric Arc. Polyynes (C2nH2, n= 2-5) and Other Products from Laser-Ablated Graphite: A Time-of-Flight Mass Spectroscopic Study in Combination with One-Photon Ionization. Polyyne-Type Materials. Carbon Material with a Highly Ordered Linear-Chain Structure. Synthesis of Carbynoid Materials by Chemical Dehydrohalogenation of Halogen-Containing Polymers. Ion Irradiation of Solid Carbons. Cyanoalkynes and Cyanopolyynes: From Crossed Beam Experiments to Astrochemistry. Synthesis of Monocyanopolyynes and Dicyanopolyynes with the Submerged Electric Arc. Natural Carbynes, Including Chaoite, on Earth, in Meteorites, Comets, Circumstellar and Interstellar Dust. Structures and Other Properties of Polyynes and their Isomers: Theoretical and Experimental Results. Polyynes: Possible Bulk Synthesis and Chemical Properties. From Natural to Rationally Designed Artificial Enediynes: Towards New Anticancer Antibiotics Activable at Will. Polyynes: Simple Synthesis in Solution Through the Glaser Reaction. Abbreviations. Index

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Book SynopsisGet that metal hot and start hammering! Setting up your own forge and crafting everyday items is easier than you might think. With simple methods, easy-to-follow photographs, and insightful tips, you’ll soon be creating items of lasting beauty and durability from iron and steel.

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Book SynopsisSince their development in the 1990s, it has been discovered that diluted nitrides have intriguing properties that are not only distinct from those of conventional semiconductor materials, but also are conducive to various applications in optoelectronics and photonics. The book examines these applications and presents a broad and in-depth look at the basic electronic and optical properties of diluted nitrides.The aim of Physics and Applications of Diluted Nitrides is to provide graduate students, researchers and engineers with a comprehensive overview of the present knowledge and future perspectives of diluted nitrides.Co-authored by a group of leading scientists in the field, this book brings the reader up to speed on the development and current state of diluted nitride applications, as well as the technologies to be developed in the near future.Table of ContentsPhysics and Applications of Dilute Nitrides

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Book SynopsisThis volume brings together innovative research, new concepts, and novel developments in the application of new tools for chemical and materials engineers. It contains significant research, reporting new methodologies and important applications in the fields of chemical engineering as well as the latest coverage of chemical databases and the development of new methods and efficient approaches for chemists. This authoritative reference source provides the latest scholarly research on the use of applied concepts to enhance the current trends and productivity in chemical engineering. Highlighting theoretical foundations, real-world cases, and future directions, this book is ideally designed for researchers, practitioners, professionals, and students of materials chemistry and chemical engineering. The volume explains and discusses new theories and presents case studies concerning material and chemical engineering.The book is divided into several sections, covering: Advanced Materials Chemoinformatics, Computational Chemistry, and Smart Technologies Analytical and Experimental Techniques Table of ContentsOptical Thin Film Filters: Design, Fabrication and Characterization. Fabrication of Exceptional Ambient Stable Organic Field-Effect Transistors by Exploiting the Polarization of Polar Dielectric Layer. Nonlinear Thermal Instability in a Fluid Layer under Thermal Modulation. Application of Random Sequential Algorithm for the Modelling of Macromolecular Chains Cross-Linking Evolution during a Polymer Surface Modification. Polyaniline-Coated Inorganic Oxide Composites for Broadband Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. A Comprehensive Review of Membrane Science and Technology and Recent Trends in Research: A Broad Environmental Perspective. Application of Statistical Approaches to Optimize the Productivity of Biodiesel and Investigate the Physicochemical Properties of the Bio/Petro-Diesel Blends. Smart Mobile Devices Emerging Technology: An Enabler to Health Monitoring System. Principal Component, Cluster and Meta Analyses of Soya Bean, Spanish Legumes and Commercial Soya Bean. Electrokinetic Soil Remediation: An Efficiency Study in Cadmium Removal. Nano-Sized Nickel Borate Preparation and Characterization. The New Equipment for Clearing of Technological Gases. Operational and Engineering Aspects of Packed Bed Bioreactors for Solid-State Fermentation. Effects of Glutathione, Phosphonate or Sulfonated Chitosans and Their Combination on Scavenging Free Radicals.

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Book SynopsisThis new volume, Physical Chemistry for Engineering and Applied Sciences: Theoretical and Methodological Implications, introduces readers to some of the latest research applications of physical chemistry. The compilation of this volume was motived by the tremendous increase of useful research work in the field of physical chemistry and related subjects in recent years, and the need for communication between physical chemists, physicists, and biophysicists. This volume reflects the huge breadth and diversity in research and the applications in physical chemistry and physical chemistry techniques, providing case studies that are tailored to particular research interests. It examines the industrial processes for emerging materials, determines practical use under a wide range of conditions, and establishes what is needed to produce a new generation of materials.The chapter authors, affiliated with prestigious scientific institutions from around the world, share their research on new and innovative applications in physical chemistry. The chapters in the volume are divided into several areas, covering developments in physical chemistry of modern materials polymer science and engineering nanoscience and nanotechnology Table of ContentsAn Investigation of Kinetic and Equilibrium Behavior of Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Silica Hydrogel. Advancements in Boric Acid Production from Boron Minerals. Dual Role Played by Ionic Liquids to Modulate the Interfacial and Micellar Properties of the Single Chain Cationic Surfactants in Aqueous Solution. The Modeling Possibilities for Organic Reactivity: Polaric and Steric Effects. An Insight into Nearly Ideal Behavior of Ionic Liquid Mixtures. Unsaturated Bond-Containing Heterochain Polymers for Biomedical Use. Features of Lanthanum Extraction by an Intergel System Based on Polyacrylic Acid and Poly-2-Methyl-5-Vinylpyridine Hydrogels. A Study on the Influence of Γ-Al2o3 on Polyvinyl Chloride-Poly (Butyl Methacrylate) Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolytes. Global Water Crisis: The Vast Innovations and the Vision for the Future. The Vision of Water Purification and Innovative Technologies: A Brief Review. Foodborne Viruses: Role of One’s Health in Food Safety: "Food Safety Is Everybody's Business". Nanomaterials: New Insights in Cancer Treatment. Nanotechnology in Cosmetics: How Safe Is It?. A Density Functional Study of Ag Doped Cu Nanoalloy Clusters. Design, Development and Optical Properties of Functional Active Methacrylate Polymer/ZnO Nanocomposites. Superconductors, Superconductivity, BCS Theory and Entagled Photons for Quantum Computing. Cuprate-Based High-Temperature Superconductor. Basics of Carbohydrates.

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Book SynopsisThis informative volume discusses recent advancements in the research and development in synthesis, characterization, processing, morphology, structure, and properties of advanced polymeric materials. With contributions from leading international researchers and professors in academic, government and industrial institutions, Advanced Polymeric Materials for Sustainability and Innovations has a special focus on eco-friendly polymers, polymer composites, nanocomposites, and blends and materials for traditional and renewable energy.In this book the relationship between processing-morphology-property applications of polymeric materials is well established. Recent advances in the synthesis of new functional monomers has shown strong potential in generating better property polymers from renewable resources. Fundamental advances in the field of nanocomposite blends and nanostructured polymeric materials in automotive, civil, biomedical and packaging/coating applications are the highlights of this book. Table of ContentsStill Looking for the Magic Spot: Dispersing Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles into Nanostructured Block Copolymers. Applications of Ionic Liquids in Polymeric Composites. Role of Equine Ordure in Enhancing Physical and Mechanical Properties of Natural Bio-Active Composites. Preparation and Characterization of Polybenzoxazine/Plasticized PVC-Based-Fumed Silica Composites. Investigation on the Thermal Characteristics of Dry Bonding System for Tire Applications. Novel Bioactive Strontium Containing (Tetra Methacrylate Resin) Composites for Medical Applications. Hybrid Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite: Thermal Analysis. Mechanical and Thermal Analysis of Unidirectional Jute Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite. A Comparative Study of Metachromasy Induced in Acridine Orange by Anionic Polyelectrolytes. Reclamation of Natural Rubber (NR) Waste. Preparation and Characterization of Polymer Matrix Composites with Reinforced Fly Ash and Silicon Carbide. Ion Conducting Polymers. Effect of Modified Calcium Carbonate Filler on Properties of PP/LDH Composites. Different Fabrication Techniques of Aerogels and Its Applications. Role of Nanodispersoids on Corrosion Inhibition Behavior of Smart Polymer Nanocomposite Coatings. Thermal and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Jute Polypropylene Composites.

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Book SynopsisThis new volume, Microscopy Applied to Materials Sciences and Life Sciences. focuses on recent theoretical and practical advances in polymers and their blends, composites, and nanocompos¬ites related to their microscopic characterization. It highlights recent accomplishments and trends in the field of polymer nanocomposites and filled polymers related to microstructural characterization. This book gives an insight and better understanding into the development in microscopy as a tool for characterization. The book emphasizes recent research work in the field of microscopy in life sciences and materials sciences mainly related to its synthesis, characterizations, and applications. The book explains the application of microscopic techniques in life sciences and materials sciences, and their applications and state of current research carried out.The book aims to foster a better understanding of the properties of polymer composites by describing new techniques to measure microstructure property relationships and by utilizing techniques and expertise developed in the conventional filled polymer composites. Characterization techniques, particularly microstructural characterization, have proven to be extremely difficult because of the range of length-scales associated with these materials. Topics include:•Instrumentation and Techniques: advances in scanning probe microscopy, SEM, TEM, OM. 3D imaging and tomography, electron diffraction techniques and analytical microscopy, advances in sample preparation techniques in-situ microscopy, correlative microscopy in life and material sciences, low voltage electron microscopy. •Life Sciences: Structure and imaging of biomolecules, live cell imaging, neurobiology, organelles and cellular dynamics, multi-disciplinary approaches for medical and biological sciences, microscopic application in plants, microorganism and environmental science, super resolution microscopy in biological sciences.•Materials Sciences: materials for nanotechnology, metals alloys and inter-metallic, ceramics, composites, minerals and microscopy in cultural heritage, thin films, coatings, surfaces and interfaces, carbon based materials, polymers and soft materials and self-assembled materials, semiconductors and magnetic materials. Polymers and inorganic nanoparticles. The volume will be of significant interest to scientists working on the basic issues surrounding polymers, nanocomposites, and nanoparticulate-filled polymers, as well as those working in industry on applied problems, such as processing. Because of the multidisciplinary nature of this research, the book will be valuable to chemists, materials scientists, physicists, chemical engineers, and processing specialists who are involved and interested in the future frontiers of blends.Table of ContentsScanning Electron Microscopy as a Powerful Morphological Characterization Technique for Polymer Blends and Polymer Nanocomposites. Atomic Force Microscopy: Principles and Applications in Polymer Composites. Barium Strontium Titanate: Preparation, Dielectric, Ferroelectric, and Microscopic Studies. Preparation and Characterization of Copper Thin Films for Antimicrobial Applications. Fabrication, Scanning Electron Microscopic and Electrochemical Studies of Nickel Hydroxide Battery Electrodes Modified with Zinc Oxide. Comparative Spectroscopic Study of Polyindole/Poly(Vinyl Acetate) Composites. Welding of Alloy C-276. Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Sensors. Design Issues in High Strain Rate Dynamic Compressive Failure of Structural Ceramics, Polymers, and Composites. Applications of Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) in Materials Science. Light Microscopy in Studying of Formation and Decomposition of Wood. Microstructural Analysis of Polymer Blends, Composites, and Nanocomposites. Graphene Modified Carbon Micro-Surfaces in Voltammetric Sensing Applications. Functionalized Nanomaterials for Biological and Catalytic Applications. Removal of Organic Cancer Carcinogens from Wastewater Using Green Synthesis Nanoparticles. Assessing Adipose Tissue Engineering In Vitro and In Vivo: A Microscopic Approach. The Contribution of Light Microscopy to Study Male Reprotoxicity of Cadmium. Microscopy Assessment of Emerging Contaminants Effects on Aquatic Species. Chromium: The Intriguing Element. What Biological Role Has It? (Cr(Iii)-Tris-Picolinate: Is It Safe or Not?). Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater: A Case Study on Degradation in Electrochemical Oxidation.

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Book SynopsisThis new volume looks at significant new research, methodologies, and applications in the fields of carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles. It explores a variety of new developments in advanced carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles along with the tools to characterize and predict their properties and behavior. It introduces and reviews methods that are most frequently encountered in sophisticated nano-scaled materials domains, and helps to bridge the gap between classical analysis and modern real-life applications. A diverse array of topics in the field is addressed that provides many practical insights into nanocomposites and nanomaterials sciences. Table of Contents1. Carbon Nanotubes as Versatile Carriers in Drug Delivery 2. A Review of a Computational Study of Carbon Nanotubes 3. Carbon Nanotube Composites as Photocatalytic Materials 4. Adsorption of Cholesterol by Carbon Nanotubes 5. Carbon Nanotubes: A Concise Review of the Synthesis Techniques, Properties, and Applications 6. Conducting Polymer/CNT-Based Nanocomposites as Smart Emerging Materials 7. Carbon Nanotubes and Their Applications in Chemical Engineering Science: A Far-Reaching Review 8. The Hydrogen Batteries Based on Carbon Nanotubes 9. Carbon Nanotubes and Material Science: A Critical Overview and a Vision for the Future 10. Carbon Nanotubes: Properties and Applications 11. Change in the Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Modified Copper/Carbon Nanocomposites 12. Mechanochemical Modification of Metal/Carbon Nanocomposites 13. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System: Formulation Development and Quality Attributes 14. The Investigation of Copper/Carbon Nanocomposite Aqueous Sols for Application at the Cultivation of Lilies 15. Metal/Carbon Nanocomposites and Modified Analogous: Possible Participation in Vital Processes Index

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Book SynopsisThis two-volume set focuses on the chemistry and physics of engineering materials that have potential for applications in several disciplines of engineering and science. Contributions range from new methods to novel applications of existing methods.Volume 1 addresses modern analytic methodologies while Volume 2 focuses on the limitations, properties, and models of materials. The collection of topics in these volumes reflect the diversity of recent advances in chemistry and physics of engineering materials with a broad perspective that will be useful for scientists as well as for graduate students and engineers. This new two-volume set presents leading-edge research from around the world.

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Book SynopsisMicrobial biotechnology is an important contributor to global business, especially in agriculture, the environment, healthcare, and the medical, food, and chemical industries. This volume provides an exciting interdisciplinary journey through the rapidly changing backdrop of invention in microbial biotechnology, covering a range of topics, including microbial properties and characterization, cultivation and production strategies, and applications in healthcare, bioremediation, nanotechnology, and more.Key features: Explains the diverse aspects of and strategies for cultivation of microbial species Describes biodiversity and biotechnology of microbes Provides an understanding of microorganisms in bioremediation of pollutants Explores various applications of microbes in agriculture, food, health, industry, and the environment Considers production issues and applications of microbial secondary metabolites Underscores the importance of integrating genomics of microorganisms in ecological restoration of contaminated environments Table of Contents1. Comparative Studies on CFU Determination by Pure and/or Mixed Culture Cultivation 2. Cultivation Strategies with Special Reference to Bioreactor Design and Operation for Industrial Production in Biotechnology 3. Diversity and Application of Acetic Acid Bacteria in Asia 4. Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activity of Actinomycetes 5. Serratiopeptidases: A Multifaceted Microbial Enzyme in Health Care 6. Production of Bacteriorhodopsin, an Industrially Important Membrane Protein of Halophilic Archaea: A Biotechnological Challenge 7. Properties and Biotechnological Applications of -Glucuronidases 8. Microbial Collagenases: An Overview of Their Production and Applications 9. Characterization, Production, and Application of Microbial Lipases for Food, Agriculture, Health, and Environment 10. Microorganisms as Potential Biosorbents of Heavy Metals 11. Bioremediation Processes and Molecular Tools for Detoxification of Heavy Metals and Rehabilitation of Contaminated Environments Using Microbial Genetic and Genomic Resources 12. Microbial Applications in Nanotechnology Industry

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Book SynopsisThis book, Nanostructured Semiconductors in Porous Alumina Matrices: Modeling, Synthesis, and Properties, explores new developments in the modeling, synthesis, and properties of functional semiconductor nanostructures in porous anodic alumina matrices. The book focuses on luminescent nanoparticles in organic and inorganic dielectric matrixes, specifically in porous alumina films, as these are most relevant due to their capacity for particle division and ability to provide environmental protection. With a particular emphasis on experimental and theoretical studies of the synthesis processes, the book informs readers about these nanostructures through rigorous investigation of their properties.The book, which is divided into ten chapters, begins with a discussion of the existing literature on nanostructural electroluminescent light sources (ELS). This overview establishes a foundation for the remaining nine chapters, which explore in depth many facets of nanostructured materials: their composition, processes they undergo, how they may be implemented, etc. Within these chapters, experimental studies and results are incorporated, in addition to detailed descriptions of simulations that highlight different uses of these materials. Trade Review“The book for the first time discusses in detail the processes of obtaining nanoscale semiconductor structures from their modeling, describes the features of their synthesis, and presents the results of the study of their properties. Various modern research methods and fairly common technologies for the formation of thin films have been used. The results of theoretical calculations and the characteristics of the experimental samples obtained are confirmed with a specific example of the production of electroluminescent composite ZnS:(Cu, Mn) nanostructures in the anodic alumina porous matrix. Of course, the book will be useful for students, scientists, developers, and researchers of advanced areas of science and technology, aimed at creating new functional devices and devices using the capabilities of various technologies.” —Nikolai I. Mukhurov, Professor, Head of the Laboratory of the Micro- and Nanosensoric, SSPA “Optics, Optoelectronics and Laser Technology”, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus“The book for the first time discusses in detail the processes of obtaining nanoscale semiconductor structures from their modeling, describes the features of their synthesis, and presents the results of the study of their properties. Various modern research methods and fairly common technologies for the formation of thin films have been used. The results of theoretical calculations and the characteristics of the experimental samples obtained are confirmed with a specific example of the production of electroluminescent composite ZnS:(Cu, Mn) nanostructures in the anodic alumina porous matrix. Of course, the book will be useful for students, scientists, developers, and researchers of advanced areas of science and technology, aimed at creating new functional devices and devices using the capabilities of various technologies.” —Nikolai I. Mukhurov, Professor, Head of the Laboratory of the Micro- and Nanosensoric, SSPA “Optics, Optoelectronics and Laser Technology”, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, BelarusTable of Contents1. Brief Overview of the Literature on Nanostructural Electroluminescent Light Sources 2. Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide: Structure, Properties, and Application in Semiconductor Technology 3. Vacuum-Thermal Deposition of Semiconductors 4. Methods of Investigating Structure and Chemical Composition 5. Methods of Optical Spectroscopy 6. Theoretical Models for Investigating the Processes of Nanofilm Deposition onto Porous Templates of Aluminum Oxide 7. Synthesis of Electroluminescent Nanostructures of ZnS Doped by Cu and Mn Ions 8. Structure and Chemical Composition of Electroluminescent Nanocomposites ZnS:(Cu,Mn)@AAO 9. Optical Properties of Electroluminescent Nanostructures of Cu and Mn-Doped ZnS 10. Results of Modeling the Deposition Processes of Nanofilms onto Aluminum Oxide Templates

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Book SynopsisThere is increasing interest in the area of protective vests, either for protection against bullets or protection from the most realistic threats within domestic frontline operations: edged weapon, knives, and medical needles. This volume addresses that need. This new book provides an in-depth survey of the state-of-the-art research and practical techniques in the area of protected fabrics, especially stab-resistant and bulletproof fabrics.The book covers:• The history of protective armor: the long history of the art of protective armor manufacturing.• Materials used for body armor: the design and materials used for soft armor to increase its perforation-resistance utilizing high-performance fibers.• Anti-stab and anti-bullet armor design: the different design parameters required for the design of flexible armor in order to stop high-velocity projectiles.• The comfort of the body armor design: the flexibility, thermal resistivity, and evaporative moisture resistivity through the fabric.• Methods of testing the flexible body armors: testing the components of flexible body armor, according to the level of the protection required, such as NIJ Standards, HOSDB Body Armour Standards for UK Police, and the German SK1 Standard, among others.Written by an expert in textile composite material engineering, this volume fills an important gap in the area of protective fabric against stabbing or bullets and provides invaluable practical knowledge for body armor design.Table of ContentsPart I: Historical Background And Developments Of Body Armor 1. History of Protection Armor Part II: Textile Materials For Flexible Protective Armor 2. Textile Materials for Flexible Armor 3. Material Design Principles of Flexible Protective Armor Part III: Protective Armor Design Aspects 4. Stab Resistance of Flexible Protective Armor 5. Bulletproof Flexible Protective Armor 6. Flexible Protective Armor: Modern Designs Part IV: Protective Armor Testing Methods: Fibers, Yarns, Fabrics, And Protective Vests 7. Testing Methods for Materials and Protective Vest: Different Components Appendix I: Testing Standards for Fibers, Yarns, and Protective Fabrics Appendix II: Additional Test Procedures for Bulletproof Vests

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Book SynopsisAcademic and industrial research around polymer-based colloids is huge, driven both by the development of mature technologies, e.g. latexes for coatings, as well as the advancement of new materials and applications, such as building blocks for 2D/3D structures and medicine. Edited by two world-renowned leaders in polymer science and engineering, this is a fundamental text for the field. Based on a specialised course by the editors, this book provides the reader with an invaluable single source of reference. The first section describes formation, explaining basic properties of emulsions and dispersion polymerization, microfluidic approaches to produce polymer-based colloids and formation via directed self-assembly. The next section details characterisation methodologies from microscopy and small angle scattering, to surface science and simulations. The final chapters close with applications, including Pickering emulsions and molecular engineering for materials development. A comprehensive guide to polymer colloids, with contributions by leaders in their respective areas, this book is a must-have for researchers and practitioners working across polymers, soft matter and chemical and molecular engineering.Table of ContentsDevelopment, Characterization, and Application of Novel High Temperature Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Dispersions; Synthesis of Core–Shell Polymer-based Colloids; Flash Nano-precipitation and -complexation to Produce Polymer Colloids; Design and Fabrication of Polymer Microparticles and Capsules Using Microfluidics; Recent Advances in Colloidal Polyelectrolyte Brushes; The Advanced Microscopy of Colloids; Simulations in Polymer Colloid Formation; Glass Transition and Crystallization in Colloidal Polymer Nanoparticles; Transport of Polymer Colloids in Porous Media; Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Polymer Colloids; Latexes for Advanced Coatings; Polymer Colloids Enable Medical Applications; Polymer Colloids for Cosmetics and Personal Care

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Book SynopsisThis is a blend of biography and bibliography that traces the emergence and development of the specialist book literature on concrete at a time when reinforced concrete was a new technology. From 1897, and the first complete building of reinforced concrete in the UK to 1935, when the literature mushroomed and the basic technology was understood and codified. Some Writers on Concrete contains the biographies of significant figures from the UK and USA, in the development of concrete technology and provides comprehensive bibliographical coverage of their work published in book form. These include Oscar Faber, C.E. Reynolds, F.M. Lea, C.A.P. Turner, G.A. Hool and Harvey Whipple. It collates the work of numerous writers to form a corpus of literature and engender an understanding of the unfolding narrative of concrete theory and practice. The emergence of specialist organisations aiming to develop the use of concrete took a similar path over this period with the creation of bodies such as the Concrete Institute, the Concrete Utilities Board and the Reinforced Concrete Association which was founded in 1933.In the USA the pattern was similar with the establishment of the Portland Cement Association (PCA) and American Concrete Institute (ACI).Trade Review'This is the long-awaited companion publication to Spackman's 1962 book 'Some Writers on Cement', and uses the same combination of bibliography and biography as that classic text. ...the book is aimed at those with an interest in broadening their knowledge of concrete through the lives of the engineers who pioneered reinforced concrete's development. ...contains the biographies of significant figures from the UK and USA, in the development of concrete technology and provides comprehensive bibliographical coverage of their work. As such it can be recommended to anyone who has an interest in the early literature on reinforced concrete and the men who produced it.' ConcreteTable of ContentsAbbreviations and conventions; Introduction. Chapter One: 1902 1911, Novelty and adoption; Chapter Two: 1912- 1918, Understanding and acceptance; Chapter Three: 1919 1928, Exploration and expansion; Chapter Four: 1929 1935, Consolidation and codification; Appendices: Source, Bibliography, Chronology, Publishers, Professional Honours, Index

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an invaluable update on the science and technology of plant fibre and its growing importance as a source material. The book presents a basic and clear understanding of the most advanced developments of a wide range of functional plant fibre materials. The development and utilisation of plant fibre resources are considered to be one of the strategies with most potential for reducing consumption of petrochemicals, whether for direct use to produce energy in place of oil, coal and gas, and chemicals or to develop new materials. The ready supply and low cost of these 'green' products and processes provide endless opportunities. The book considers structure, processing, properties, and applications with a comprehensive examination and discussion of the structure, chemistry and behaviour of plant fibre. This is followed by basic information and a thorough understanding of functional materials directly derived from plant fibres, mainly including nanocellulose, physically and chemically treated plant fibre, cellulose film, cellulose textile, cellulose detection materials, and nanocellulose aerogel. The processing, property and application of functional plant fibre composites is then considered, including nanocellulose composite, plant fibre/natural resin composite, wood plastic composites and long fibre composites.Table of ContentsIntroduction: a perspective of plant fibre and its advanced products; The structure of plant fibres; The cemistry of plant fibres; Plant fibre: its behaviour; Nanocellulose: The next world-changing super material; The interface and bonding mechanisms of plant fibre composites; Functional (nano)cellulose film; Cellulose-based textile materials; Cellulose-based functional detection materials; Nanocellulose-based aerogels; Nanocellulose-based composites; Bioresin-natural fibre composites; Wood plastic composites; Long fibre strong composites; Index

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Book SynopsisThis volume contains the proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Ceramic Interfaces held at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon, Korea. 27 specialists from 8 countries contributed to the workshop which was divided into 3 sessions: Microstructural Development; Transport; Interfacial Phenomena and Kinetics.

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Book SynopsisThis is a very special book for two reasons. First, it is a tribute to Professor Sir Peter Hirsch. Second, it is a collection of specially written review articles by world-class scientists that take the readers from the origins of modem materials science through to the cutting edge of the subject in the twenty- first century.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a record of the conference entitled Materials Science and Engineering: Its Nucleation and Growth held at Imperial College on 14 and 15 May 2001 as one of the events held to mark the 150th Anniversary of the founding of the Royal School of Mines (RSM).

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