Language: history and general works Books
Taylor & Francis Ltd Language and Social Contexts Routledge A Level
Book SynopsisRoutledge A Level English Guides equip AS and A2 Level students with the skills they need to explore, evaluate and enjoy English.Books in the series are built around the various skills specified in the assessment objectives (AOs) for all AS and A2 Level English courses. Focusing on the AOs most relevant to their topic, the books help students to develop their knowledge and abilities through analysis of lively texts and contemporary data. Each book in the series covers a different area of language and literary study, and offers accessible explanations, examples, exercises, a glossary of key terms, and suggested answers.Language and Social Contexts: considers language within the social contexts in which it is used and understood covers the key skills and topics, including social contexts, transcripts and the contexts of speech, language and age, language and gender, and regional talk analyzes a wide variety of spoken and written texTrade Review'For teachers of English language [this book] is a must ... It is a very reassuring text and the activities work well.' - EnglishDramaMedia Table of ContentsPreface Assessment objectives 1. Social Contexts and Conventions 2. Transcripts and the Contexts of Speech 3. Representation Research Statement 4. Power 5. Identity: Gender 6.Identity: Regional Talk Further Reading Glossary Suggestions for Answers
£22.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd English Words
Book SynopsisHow do we find the right word for the job? Where does that word come from? Why do we spell it like that? And how do we know what it means?Words are all around us - we use them every day to communicate our joys, fears, hopes, opinions, wishes and demands - but we don''t often think about them too deeply. In this highly accessible introduction to English words, the reader will discover what the study of words can tell them about the extraordinary richness and complexity of our daily vocabulary and about the nature of language in general.Assuming no prior knowledge of linguistics, the book covers a wide range of topics, including the structure of words, the meaning of words, how their spelling relates to pronunciation, how new words are manufactured or imported from other languages, and how the meaning of words changes with the passage of time. It also investigates how the mind deals with words by highlighting the amazing intellectual feat performed routinely when the right word iTrade Review' ... overall English Words is an excellent introduction to a fascinating topic that goes beyond the traditional focus on morphology and draws upon work in many different fields within linguistics. It is an outstanding example of how different fields within linguistics can all contribute to a fuller understanding of an ultimately quite complex topic such as words. In doing so it can inspire others to try and emulate this kind of comprehensive approach to words in other languages.' - Linguist List ‘English Words is presented as a stimulating introduction to the world of words, and there can be no doubt that Katamba is very successful in terms of first generating and then keeping the reader’s interest in this topic throughout the book.’ - Michael Haugh, School of Languages and Linguistics, Griffith UniversityTable of ContentsPreface to the first edition. Preface to the second edition. Abbreviations. Key to symbols used. Section I: The nature and internal structure of words 1. Introduction 1.1 Why study words? 1.2 Overview of coming chapters 2. What is a word? 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Words are like liquorice allsorts 2.2.1 Word-forms 2.2.2 Words as vocabulary items 2.2.3 Grammatical words 2.3 Summary Exercises. 3. Close encounters of a morphemic kind 3.1 The quest for verbal atoms 3.2 Close morphological encounters: zooming in on morphemes 3.3 Morphemes and their disguises 3.3.1 Allomorphs: morph families 3.3.2 Contrast 3.3.3 The right mask 3.3.3.1 Phonologically conditioned allomorphs 3.3.3.2. Phonology in the back seat: lexical and grammatical conditioning 3.3.3.3 Madness without method: suppletion 3.4 Freedom and bondage 3.5 Sound symbolism: phonaesthemes and onomatopoeia 3.7 Summary Exercises. 4. Building words 4.1 Words and jigsaws 4.2 Know the pieces of the jigsaw 4.2.1 Roots are the core 4.2.2 Affixes are for appending 4.3 The main types of word-building: inflection and derivation 4.4 Derivation: fabricating words 4.4.1 Affixation: prefixes and suffixes 4.4.2 Conversion 4.4.3 Compound parade 4.4.4 Wishy-washy and razzle-dazzle words 4.5 Listing and institutionalisation 4.6 Keeping tabs on idioms 4.7 Clitics Exercises. Section 2: Words in a wider context 5. A lexicon with layers 5.1 The nature of the lexicon 5.2 Morphological information in the lexicon 5.3 Syntactic information in the lexicon 5.4 Does it ring true? (phonological information) 5.5 Rendezvous with lexical phonology and morphology 5.5.1 Neutral and non-neutral affixes 5.5.2 The lexicon is like a layered cake 5.6 Productivity, the time-warp and cranberries 5.7 Peeping beyond the lexicon 5.8 Base driven stratification 5.9 Summary Exercises. 6. Word meaning 6.1 Introducing meaning 6.2 Word-meaning 6.3 Sense and componential analysis 6.4 Semantic relations 6.4.1 Hyponymy 6.4.2 Synonymy 6.4.3 Antonymy 6.4.4 Homophones and homonyms 6.4.5 Polysemy 6.5 Semantic fields 6.6 Semantic prototypes : the birdiness rankings 6.7 Beyond the lexicon 6.8 Summary Exercises. Section 3: A changing expanding lexicon 7. A lexical mosaic: sources of English vocabulary 7.1 The nature of borrowing 7.1.1 Direct and indirect borrowing 7.1.2 Loanwords and loanshifts 7.1.3 Likely loans 7.1.4 Why borrow? 7.1.5 The grass is ever greener on the other side 7.1.6 Nativisation of loanwords 7.1.7 Effects of borrowing 7.2 Scandinavian loanwords 7.3 The French influence 7.3.1 The Norman French legacy 7.3.2 French words in modern English 7.4 Words from other modern European languages 7.5 Loanwords from non-European languages 7.6 The Germanic inheritance 7.7 Summary Exercises. 8. Words galore: innovation and change 8.1 A verbal bonanza 8.2 Jargon 8.3 Slang 8.4 Rhyming slang 8.5 Cliches and catch-phrases 8.6 A rose by any other name 8.6.1 Semantic widening 8.6.2 Semantic narrowing 8.6.3 Going up and down in the world 8.6.4 Loss account 8.6.5 Lexical revivals 8.7 Clipping 8.9 Fads and copycat formations 8.10 Back-formation 8.11 Blends 8.12 Geek-speak: internet slang and jargon 8.13 Euphemism 8.14 Summary Exercises. 9. Should English be spelt as she is spoke? 9.1 Writing systems 9.2 Is the English orthography mad? 9.2.1 The apparent madness in the English spelling system 9.2.2 There is a method in the madness: spelling rules and pronunciation 9.2.3 Is a for apple? Why vowel letters pinch like ill-fitting shoes 9.3 Morphological signposts in the spelling 9.4 Lexical signposting in the spelling 9.5 Spelling reform 9.6 Is speech degenerate writing? 9.7 Email and text messaging: imo email & txt r gr8 9.8 Summary Exercises. Section 4: Modelling the mental lexicon 10. Speech recognition 10.1 A mind full of words 10.1.1 Types of lexical information 10.1.2 The organisation of th
£37.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd The Language of Websites
Book SynopsisThe Intertext series has been specifically designed to meet the needs of contemporary English Language Studies. Working with Texts: A Core Introduction to Language Analysis (second edition 2001) is the foundation text, which is complemented by a range of ''satellite'' titles. These provide students with hands-on practical experience of textual analysis through special topics, and can be used individually or in conjunction with Working with Texts.The Language of Websites: explores the ways in which websites use and present language covers many different types of web-based interaction, from buying online and auction sites, to search engines, email links and chatrooms considers the structures of language online, such as audience interaction and how hypertext alters narrative structure features a full glossary. Trade Review'This book is timely, well written and insightful ... [it] would be a satisfying and illuminating read for a wide range of people who are interested in websites, from novice to expert, from creator to user to purchaser- student, linguist, programmer and instructor alike.' - Linguist List'My overall impression of the book is that it truly covers what its title promises. I especially enjoyed the informative examples and the very accessible and engaging exercises which help the reader to apply presented theories in order to find directed answers.' - The European English MessengerTable of ContentsIntroduction: Background To Language And The Web. What the Book is Not. Human Communication. Unit 1 Getting Really Wired. The Physical Context Of Websites. A Terrible Beauty is Born. How Personal Computers Began. Everything Within. The Origins of the Web. The March of Time. Developments in Web Design. Unit 2 Front Of House. Institutional Websites. Virtually There. Websites as Metaphorical Buildings. Basic Burger - Nothing on it. Developments in Web Graphics. Marking Territory. Web Address Names. Mapping Territory. Finding your Way Around. Unit 3 Boundaries. Real And Imagined. Personal Websites. How the Web Defeats Boundaries. Publishing for Everyone. Does the Language of Websites Exist? Doppelgänger: Your Web Personality. Unit 4 Streamers And Flashers. Sound And Video. Content On The Web. The Digital Revolution. It's Alive. Multi-Media Content. Narrative Enforcement. Popup Windows and Spam. Unit 5 Ready Or Not. Searching The Web. Indexes and Catalogues. Computers as Searchers. The Language of Dead Links. Comparing Search Engines. Advanced Searching and Boolean Logic. Unit 6 The Raw Materials of Web Writing. Two Languages of the Web. What you See is Not What you Get. Index of Terms. Bibliography
£20.89
Taylor & Francis Ltd David Crystals Introduction to Language
Book SynopsisA brilliantly accessible introduction to core topics in English language and linguistics. My students loved it.'David Adger, Queen Mary, University of London, UKEntertaining, clear and informative. David Crystal's lectures demystify and enrich the English language for students of all levels.'Sylvia Shaw, Middlesex University, UKA well-delivered and well-structured bird's-eye introduction to all areas of the study of language. Crystal's discussion of issues like dialect and bilingualism will interest many and hopefully promote a rational and reasoned stance towards language.'Klaus Abels, University College London, UKNow available for the first time to licence for use as a digital resource for your courses, for online learning resources, or for part of a digital course pack. Find out more here: https://www.routledge.com/go/david-crystals-introduction-to-languageDavid Cr
£131.10
Taylor & Francis Ltd (Sales) English for International Journalists
Book SynopsisThis book provides a structured, step by step guide for non-native speakers learning to use English for the purposes of journalism across all media. It is supported by online resources concentrating on the spoken word, intonation and pronunciationTrade Review'English is such an irregular language. Its arcane rules about articles, for example, are difficult for even native English speakers - and I, for one, have a tough time explaining those rules to students...Mike Gandon takes on these challenges in a readable, accessible manner. For my money, the section on articles (Chap. 4, pp. 30-34) is worth the price of the book. Gandon uses examples, canvassing possible erroneous usages and explaining clearly why they're incorrect before offering his "Rewrite" - the correct answer. He does this patiently, with repeated line-by-line analyses of real news stories. An English-as-a-second-language writer can refer back to them time and time again until correct idiomatic usage becomes second nature...All in all, English for International Journalists is a commendable package.'Peter H. Martyn, Canadian Journal for Media StudiesTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Making Contact 3. Interviewing 4. Some Tricky Grammar 5. Prepositions 6. Phrasal Verbs 7. The Language of Journalism 8. Broadcast Language 9. Comment, Opinion and Blogs 10. The Language of Sustained Argument 11. The Language of Impartial Reporting 12. Sensitive Language 13. Specialist Reporting 14. The Language of the Newsroom 15. Fun Phrases 16. Common Mistakes 17. Answers to Exercises 18. Self Diagnostic Test 19. Self Diagnostic Test – Answer Key 20.Self Diagnostic Test – Score Indicator
£999.99
Cambridge University Press From Philology to English Studies Language and Culture in the Nineteenth Century Studies in English Language
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£99.13
Taylor & Francis Ltd (Sales) English
Book SynopsisEnglish: An Essential Grammar is written specifically for native speakers, beginning with the basics and going on to deal with phrase, clause and sentence structure, word formation and spelling. This fully revised third edition features new material on: the structure of phrases and clauses light verbs nominal adjectives the Operator preposition to and infinitival to the four thats determiners, prepositions, and common errors With new exercises and answers for all new sections, this Essential Grammar continues to be the ideal reference for anyone who would like to improve their knowledge of English grammar.Table of ContentsList of abbreviations. Introduction. Chapter 1: Introducing sentence structure. Chapter 1: Exercises. Chapter 2: Words and word classes. Chapter 2: Exercises. Chapter 3: Phrases. Chapter 3: Exercises. Chapter 4: Clauses and sentences. Chapter 4: Exercises. Chapter 5: Word formation and spelling. Answers to Exercises. Appendix: English irregular verbs. Glossary of terms. Further reading. Index.
£36.99
Cambridge University Press You Cant Write That
Book SynopsisBringing together history, headlines, and research with accessible visuals and examples, this book explains 8 myths about 'correct writing' and presents a new approach for writing in our diverse and digital world. It is essential reading for anyone who cares about English or writing. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.Table of ContentsIntroduction: When writing means correct writing; 1. Myth 1: You can't write that; 2. Myth 2: You can't write that in school; 3. Myth 3: You can't write that and be smart; 4. Myth 4: You can't write that on the test; 5. Myth 5: Chances are, you can't write; 6. Myth 6: You can't write if you didn't write well in high school; 7. Myth 7: You can't get a job if you didn't write well in college; 8. Myth 8: You can't write that because internet; Conclusion: Writing continuum, language exploration.
£24.69
Cambridge University Press Aeolic and Aeolians
Book SynopsisAeolic and Aeolians explores the origin of an ancient Greek language and the beginnings and evolution of the community of its speakers ? the Aeolians. Roger Woodard argues that the starting point for both is situated in Asia Minor during the period of the Late Bronze Age, and that the ancestral Aeolic speech community can be identified with the Mycenaean peoples of Anatolia called the Ahhiyawans in Hittite records. These Bronze-Age Asian Greeks would intermarry with local Luvian peoples of western Anatolia, and the Aeolian language and identity ? an identity encoded in myth-emerged from the intermixing of the two societies. Aeolian myths are central to Woodard''s ground-breaking investigations presented in this volume. He demonstrates how assemblages of mythic components, what Lévi-Strauss called bricolage, enabled early Aeolians to give intellectual expression to their distinctive Greek identity. With the collapse of Bronze-Age societies in Mycenaean Greece, some of the early Aeolians of Anatolia would migrate to Europe, introducing their language and myths into Hellas.
£114.00
Taylor & Francis Ltd Fighting Words
Book SynopsisFighting Words! is a critical exploration of all kinds of bad language and how that language shapes, reinforces, or subverts identity, ideology, and power. Eric Louis Russell expertly investigates facets of taboo language, drawing on diverse interdisciplinary material to define key concepts and using them to examine the complex dynamics behind a wide range of examples from popular culture, from Donald Trump's controversies to Cardi B and Megan Thee Stallion's WAP.What emerges from this analysis is the intersectionality of how language is performed and how it contributes to the shaping of identity and simultaneously shapes and is shaped by social attitudes, cultural assumptions, and systems of power with regard to race, sexuality, and gender.With fascinating A Closer Look boxes and a rich array of pedagogical features, this is the perfect text for advanced students and researchers in sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology, and related fields.
£36.99
Taylor & Francis Digital World Englishes
Book SynopsisDigital World Englishes aims to be an introduction to and exposition of the universe of world Englishes as represented in online spaces. It presents aspects of world Englishes theory in relation to our evolving digital reality and examples of authentic language variation, change and code-mixing. To do that, it visits such stations as world Englishes frameworks, pedagogy, new media, augmented intelligence, interactions with other languages, research methodology, and Internet user identities. The reader of the book will come away from the reading with a clear idea of what world Englishes are and how they have morphed, adapted, and come to manifest in online environments. This is likely the first book-length treatment of this topic from the lenses of linguistic creativity, morphing identities, and the power of languages of wider communication.
£36.99
Taylor & Francis Language Celebrity Fandom and Political Activism
Book SynopsisThis book examines antagonistic fan communication on Chinese social media, focusing on the sociolinguistic dimensions and digital strategies in fandom discourse of Chinese celebrities to engage in broader questions around language, social media, and fan culture.The volume explores the different factors which contribute to antagonism in these contexts, including competitive fan posting meant to boost celebritiesâ positive publicity, but also at fansâ communicative practices themselves. Adopting an action-centered sociolinguistic framework, Hou considers how antagonistic fan communication transforms as fansâ engagement with digital technologies transforms and their experience with mediated content deepens. The book takes an in-depth look into how fans use a mix of verbal aggressions, such as trolling, with savvy digital tools, such as identity masking and memes to avoid content removal, in order to mobilize, collaborate, and communicate on a wider scale and often times, funnel
£49.99
Taylor & Francis Popularizing Science in the Digital Era
Book SynopsisThis book offers a comprehensive overview of TED talks as a digital-multimodal video genre, exploring the ways in which myriad rhetorical, structural, digital, and multimodal resources are used to communicate scientific knowledge to lay audiences.Drawing on insights from genre analysis, the systemic functional approach to multimodal discourse analysis, and the social semiotic approach to multimodality, the volume examines the communicative contexts in which TED talks are constructed, their rhetorical structure, the deployment of multimodal tools, and diachronic developments. The book reflects on the ways in which TED talks are uniquely positioned to offer new insights into how experts disseminate scientific knowledge for non-specialist audiences, constructed as they are within a community defined by a fluidity and diversity of audiences and speakers. The volume offers strategies for not only making the process of disseminating specialized knowledge more engaging and accessible but also expanding their own semiotic and communicative repertoires, increasingly crucial in our digitally driven era.This book will be of interest to students and scholars of English for Specific Purposes, multimodality, discourse analysis, and digital communication.
£46.80
Taylor & Francis Ltd Mobile Messaging and Resourcefulness
Book SynopsisThis book advocates a new post-digital linguistic ethnography approach to unpacking mobile communication and enabling a more informed understanding of individuals' communicative practices in cities today. Drawing on data from a group of ordinary working people, multilingual individuals from superdiverse cities across the United Kingdom, the volume brings observations from this data together to form a new concept of resourcefulness' as a means of explaining the emergent sense of agency individuals develop towards remediating existing forms of technology in their everyday lives. The book in turn establishes the notion of the networked individual' by way of demonstrating the ways in which communicative practices cross spaces and platforms. Further chapters detail examples to highlight resourcefulness at work in enabling more efficient business communication, routes to self-expression and the creation and development of social support systems, while a concluding chapter looks at both thTable of Contents Introduction Post-digital ethnography and the networked individual Mobile resourcefulness Polymedia repertoires Sharing in mobile conversations Conclusion
£19.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd Language and Decolonisation
Book SynopsisLanguage and Decolonisation is the first collection to bring together views from across scholarly communities that are committed to the agenda of decolonising knowledge in language study. Edited by leading figures in the field, the chapters offer new insights on how decolonising' can be adopted as a methodology for charting the next steps in solving practical language-related problems in educational and related social policy areas. Divided into two sections, the book covers the coloniality of language, the materiality of culture and colonial scripts, the decolonisation imperative, multilingualism discourse and decolonisation, and decolonising languages in public discourse. With 20 chapters authored by experts from across the globe, this pioneering collection is an essential reference and resource for advanced students, scholars, and researchers of language and culture, sociolinguistics, decolonial studies, racial studies, and related areas.
£39.99
Taylor & Francis Critical Intercultural and English Language
Book SynopsisInternationalisation is key to a modern and diverse higher education. Closely related to this is the successful integration of different cultures and languages. This book explores the dynamic relationships between English as a Lingua Franca (ELF), intercultural communication competence (ICC), internationalisation, and the use of the English language in international higher education.Featuring contributions from authors from TÃrkiye, Slovenia, Thailand, Taiwan and Norway, the chapters discuss topics such as translanguaging, language-related policies in internationalisation, issues of language and interculturality from a contextual point of view of pedagogy, and provide critical reflections on perceptions and orientations in support of higher education internationalisation. Ultimately, the book provides a comprehensive understanding of how the English language functions as a tool for intercultural engagement in academic settings, and the ways in which it is encountered and perc
£37.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd Understanding English Language Teaching in EFL
Book SynopsisThis volume is comprehensively designed to help prospective teachers of English Language (EL), and teachers specializing in English as a foreign language (EFL), mainly in South Asian countries. It analyses the application of ELT theories, concepts, and methods to sharpen their understanding of the various techniques used for teaching English effectively in the EFL context.The book discusses the basic concepts of language aimed to develop a sense of the language phenomenon as a unique human attribute. It covers the theories of language from various disciplines such as biology, sociology, psychology, and linguistics. The book explains the underlying structures or components that shape the edifice of languages such as phonology, morphology, syntax, grammar, phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. While taking the reader through language learning theories with a focus on English as the second language, it discusses the different teaching methods that can be adopted by teachers in c
£37.99
Taylor & Francis Analysing Political Discourse
Book Synopsis
£37.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd English Phonetics and Pronunciation Practice
Book SynopsisEnglish Phonetics and Pronunciation Practice provides a unique introduction to basic articulatory phonetics for students of English. Taking a practical approach, this book teaches the pronunciation of modern standard non-regional British English to intermediate and advanced learners worldwide.Now fully updated and restructured, the more concise new edition: provides an up-to-date description of the pronunciation of modern British English; demonstrates the use of English consonants and vowels in a variety of contexts and in contrast with other sounds with which they may be confused; includes expanded theory sections for an improved balance of theory and practice; is supported by extensive online audio material.Ideal for studying pronunciation in the classroom or for independent student practice, English Phonetics and Pronunciation Practice is essential reading for any student of pronunciation and phonetics.
£35.99
Taylor & Francis Cultivating Intercultural Communication Awareness
Book SynopsisIn an increasingly interconnected world, supporting students as they learn to communicate in linguistically diverse intercultural settings is a significant aim of English language and international education. To address this educational objective, this book breaks down the complexities associated with global English in intercultural communication and it challenges conventional educational focuses through activities that promote intercultural awareness and citizenship.The resource book offers pre-service teachers and educators a range of activities grounded in contemporary perspectives on Global Englishes, intercultural learning, and intercultural citizenship education. The book shifts the focus from teaching to imitate native-like proficiency by providing educators with practices and ideas to develop students who are globally aware, can handle complexities of communicating using English as a lingua franca (ELF), and can act as responsible intercultural citizens in a globalise
£37.04
Taylor & Francis Spoken English The Basics
Book SynopsisSpoken English: The Basics offers a clear, non-jargonistic introduction to what the study of spoken English entails, ranging from its basic phonology and the grammar and vocabulary of speaking to the role of speaking in society. The book describes and illustrates how spoken English is used in a globalised and technology-led world, using data from a range of contexts.Key features of this book include:â An introduction to the basics of the study of phonology, accents, and dialectsâ Discussions of the role of AI and its educational and language teaching applicationsâ Examples from British English data, but with reference to spoken data from other varieties of English including North American English, Indian English, Hong Kong English, South African English, Kenyan English, Irish English, Caribbean English, second language learners and expert non-native usersFeaturing a glossary of key terms, this book will be of interest to students of several sub-disciplines where spoken English is involved, including corpus linguistics, ESOL/ELT, sociolinguistics, education and literacy, lingua franca and World English, among others, where often a knowledge of the workings of spoken language is assumed.
£19.99
Taylor & Francis Secret Identities and Double Lives on Tween TV
Book SynopsisSecret Identities and Double Lives on Tween TV in introduces readers to the concepts of tweenhood and television (TV) tropes by providing historical and theoretical contexts and reviewing the history of TV targeted to tweens.Through a qualitative analysis of various live-action sitcoms, this book explores the popularity of programming featuring characters leading secret lives and targeted to tweens. By unpacking various theoretical explanations of this distinct period of life and examining them through the critical lens of the content of these tween TV shows that feature secret identities, the book offers a unique understanding of the tween experience woven in the nexus of power, morality, friendship, romance, family life and self-identity.This bookâs analysis and understanding would benefit childrenâs media scholars and researchers, students of media studies, communication studies, cultural studies, adolescent studies, and child development.
£49.99
Cambridge University Press The Ancient Egyptian Language
Book SynopsisThis book, the first of its kind, examines how the phonology and grammar of the ancient Egyptian language changed over more than three thousand years of its history, from the first appearance of written documents, c.3250 BC, to the Coptic dialects of the second century AD and later.Trade Review'A major contribution to our understanding of the development of Ancient Egyptian throughout its recorded history, richly exemplified and with a wealth of original insights. Essential reading.' Mark Collier, University of Liverpool'… represents the cutting edge of Egyptological linguistics and is certain to be of interest to all researchers working in the field.' Sami Uljas, University of Basel'This new history of Egyptian-Coptic - the first synthesis of its kind in nearly two decades - presents a rich material and many innovative analyses, benefiting from the author's profound expertise in the earlier textual corpora of Egyptian.' Dr Andréas Stauder, Swiss National Science Foundation and the University of Basel'Essential reading for anyone studying the development of the ancient Egyptian language or who has a more general interest in linguistics and the history of language development.' Ancient EgyptTable of Contents1. Ancient Egyptian; Part I. Phonology: 2. Coptic phonology; 3. Coptic and Egyptian; 4. Correspondents and cognates; 5. Egyptian phonology; Part II. Grammar: 6. Nouns, pronouns, and adjectives; 7. Non-verbal predicates; 8. Verbs; 9. Verbs: Egyptian I; 10. Verbs: Egyptian II; 11. Verbs: Egyptian I-II; 12. Subordination.
£73.15
Cambridge University Press Learning Latin and Greek from Antiquity to the Present 37 Yale Classical Studies Series Number 37
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£90.33
Cambridge University Press The English Phrasal Verb 1650Present
Book SynopsisProviding a detailed and comprehensive account of the development of phrasal verbs from early modern to present-day English, this study covers almost 400 years in the history of English, and provides both a diachronic and synchronic account based on over 12,000 examples extracted from stratified electronic corpora. The corpus analysis provides evidence of how registers can inform us about the history of English, as it traces and compares the usage and stylistic drifts of phrasal verbs across ten different genres - drama, fiction, journals, diaries, letters, medicine, news, science, sermons, and trial proceedings. The study also sheds new light on the morpho-syntactic and semantic features of phrasal verbs, proposing a new approach to the category, considering not only on their grammatical features, but also their historical development, by discussing the category in terms of a number of central mechanisms of language change.Trade Review'This book is a major contribution to the research on phrasal verbs, presenting the most comprehensive empirical investigation to date by tracing more than 12,000 phrasal verbs across 350 years and ten genres. Thus, it provides most valuable insights into their behaviour in spoken versus written, formal versus informal contexts, and their positioning along the clines of lexicalisation and idiomatisation.' Claudia Claridge, Universität AugsburgTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Corpus and methodology; 3. Delimiting the scope of the study: what are phrasal verbs?; 4. The relationship between phrasal verbs and the processes of grammaticalisation, lexicalisation, and idiomatisation; 5. Phrasal verbs 1650–1990: Linguistic aspects; 6. Phrasal verbs 1650–1990: cross-genre distribution; 7. Conclusion.
£27.89
Cambridge University Press The Ancient Egyptian Language An Historical Study
Book SynopsisThis book, the first of its kind, examines how the phonology and grammar of the ancient Egyptian language changed over more than three thousand years of its history, from the first appearance of written documents, c.3250 BC, to the Coptic dialects of the second century AD and later. Part One discusses phonology, working backward from the vowels and consonants of Coptic to those that can be deduced for earlier stages of the language. Part Two is devoted to grammar, including both basic components such as nouns and the complex history of the verbal system. The book thus provides both a synchronic description of the five major historical stages of ancient Egyptian and a diachronic analysis of their development and relationship.Trade Review'A major contribution to our understanding of the development of Ancient Egyptian throughout its recorded history, richly exemplified and with a wealth of original insights. Essential reading.' Mark Collier, University of Liverpool'… represents the cutting edge of Egyptological linguistics and is certain to be of interest to all researchers working in the field.' Sami Uljas, University of Basel'This new history of Egyptian-Coptic - the first synthesis of its kind in nearly two decades - presents a rich material and many innovative analyses, benefiting from the author's profound expertise in the earlier textual corpora of Egyptian.' Dr Andréas Stauder, Swiss National Science Foundation and the University of Basel'Essential reading for anyone studying the development of the ancient Egyptian language or who has a more general interest in linguistics and the history of language development.' Ancient EgyptTable of Contents1. Ancient Egyptian; Part I. Phonology: 2. Coptic phonology; 3. Coptic and Egyptian; 4. Correspondents and cognates; 5. Egyptian phonology; Part II. Grammar: 6. Nouns, pronouns, and adjectives; 7. Non-verbal predicates; 8. Verbs; 9. Verbs: Egyptian I; 10. Verbs: Egyptian II; 11. Verbs: Egyptian I-II; 12. Subordination.
£30.99
Cambridge University Press Categories Constructions and Change in English Syntax
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£105.44
Cambridge University Press Language in Britain and Ireland
Book SynopsisBritain and Ireland are home to a rich array of spoken and signed languages and dialects. Language is ever evolving, in its diversity, and in the number and the backgrounds of its speakers, and so, too, are the tools and methods used for researching language. Now in its third edition, this book brings together a team of experts to provide cutting-edge linguistic and sociolinguistic information about all the major varieties of language used across Britain and Ireland today. Fully updated, this edition covers topics including the history of English, the relationship between standard and nonstandard Englishes, multilingualism in Britain and Ireland, and the educational and policy planning implications of this linguistic diversity. Chapters are also dedicated to specific language varieties, including comprehensive descriptions of the Celtic languages, nonstandard regional varieties, sign languages, and urban contact varieties. It is essential reading for academic researchers and students of sociolinguistics and education.
£33.24
Cambridge University Press Creating Canadian English
Book SynopsisThis lively account of the making of Canadian English traces the variety''s conceptual, social and linguistic developments from the twentieth century to the present. This book is not just another history of Canadian English; it is a history of the variety''s discovery, codification, and eventual acceptance, as well as the contribution of the linguists behind it. Written by an active research linguist focusing on Canadian English, this book is an archive-based biography on multiple levels. Through a combination of new data and re-interpretations of existing studies, a new voice is given to earlier generations of Canadian linguists who, generally forgotten today, shaped the variety and how we think about it. Exploring topics such as linguistic description and codification, dictionary making, linguistic imperialism, linguistic attitudes, language and Canadian identity, or the threat of Americanisation, Dollinger presents a coherent, integrated and balanced account of developments spanningTrade Review'Stefan Dollinger has undertaken heroic archival sleuthing to resuscitate the coalition of amateur logophiles and English professors that succeeded in bringing Canadian English into print and, more important, into our consciousness. Through him, this small, almost forgotten band of scholars come to life with their foibles, their labours and above all their dedication.' Jack Chambers, University of Toronto'For this brilliantly researched book, Stefan Dollinger bravely ventured to parts of the archives other scholars had never reached. He emerged with the fascinating story of how the 'Lennon & McCartney of Canadian English', Walter S. Avis and Charles J. Lovell, persuaded Canada - and then the world - to recognize Canadian English as the distinctive language variety that it truly is.' Peter Trudgill, Université de Fribourg, Switzerland'It is consistently seasoned with lively examples, gems of Canadianisms, explained in context and documented by references to the DCHP and other works. For anybody interested in such a perspective Dollinger's book is a captivating read.' Edgar W. Schneider, English World-Wide'… Creating Canadian English provides us with a highly competent and readable story, diligently researched in archives and by interviews, written by a scholar working in Canada, in nuanced Canadian English, that all audiences should find is a helpful introduction to its subject and a clear call for further community-involved efforts. I rate it highly.' David Douglas Robertson, LINGUIST ListTable of Contents1. What is Canadian English?; 2. The heritage of Canadian English; 3. Avis pulls it off; 4. The 'technology': slips, slips, and more slips; 5. 1967 – excitement and hype; 6. Riding the wave of success; 7. A global village and a national dictionary war; 8. Decolonizing DCHP-1 and DCHP-2; 9. Is there really a Canadian English?; Further reading.
£26.99
Cambridge University Press The Emoji Revolution
Book SynopsisWhere have emoji come from? Why are they so popular? What do they tell us about the technology-enhanced state of modern society? Far from simply being an amusing set of colourful little symbols, emoji are in the front line of a revolution in the way we communicate. As a form of global, image-based communication, they''re a perfect example of the ingenuity and creativity at the heart of human interaction. But they''re also a parable for the way that consumerism now permeates all parts of our daily existence, taking a controlling interest even in the language we use; and of how technology is becoming ever more entangled in our everyday lives. So how will this split-identity affect the way that online communication develops? Are emoji ushering in a bold new era of empathy and emotional engagement on the internet? Or are they a first sign that we''re handing over the future of human interaction to the machines?Trade Review'Emoji are a significant development in contemporary communication, deserving serious attention for their impact on both language use and society. The book comes at them from a variety of complementary angles, elucidating their specific nature and function while simultaneously showing how they reflect and influence important developments in the modern globalised world. This insightful integration of the general and the specific places this book among the very best academic work in the field.' Guy Cook, Emeritus Professor of Language in Education, King's College London'The Emoji Revolution is required reading for anyone with interest in emoji, or communication in general. While the subject matter might seem trivial on the surface, Philip Seargeant takes emoji and its impact very seriously in his book by rigorously examining the historical, political and social contexts of emoji use. Seargeant has produced a tremendous work of scholarship that is also a fun and engaging to read.' Jane Solomon, author of The Dictionary of Difficult Words'In his book, The Emoji Revolution, Philip Seargeant argues that emojis have become a powerful new way of getting a message across - not just for young people, but for everyone. He provides a fresh perspective on these pictograms and challenges us to think beyond their silliness or simplicity.' Forbes'The Emoji Revolution adeptly establishes emoji within a broader legacy of language and communication systems. The book is written in a highly engaging style that is peppered with Seargeant's wit and observational humor. The absence of jargon and extensive technical language makes this an accessible text which will appeal to lay audiences, academics, and student readers in a number of humanities and social science disciplines.' Miriam E. Sweeney, New Media and Society'There is an element of fun and lightness throughout the narrative. However, the topic's overall treatment is serious and scholarly, so we find a mix of serious and fun, and a bit of the best of both worlds.' Jeanette Evans, Technical CommunicationTable of Contents1. The what, the why and the where of emoji; 2. Emoji and the history of human communication; 3. Making faces; 4. Metaphors and moral panics; 5. The shaping force of digital technology; 6. People, politics and interpersonal relationships; 7. Diverse identities; 8. Creativity and culture; 9. The emojification of everyday life.
£28.73
Cambridge University Press Politeness in the History of English
Book SynopsisBased on detailed case studies of literary texts, this book traces the development of politeness from Old English to the present day. Politeness is shown in its ambivalent and multi-faceted nature from a variety of perspectives, making this essential reading for politeness specialists, cultural historians and historical linguists alike.
£22.99
Cambridge University Press The Long Journey of English
Book SynopsisWritten by one of the foremost authorities on the English language, this book offers a fascinating look at the history of English, focusing on its early development and subsequent spread around the world. Engaging and accessible, it is ideal reading for anyone interested in the history of the English Language.Trade Review'Here is an original and eminently enjoyable book detailing the origins of our language and the millennia-long geographical spread of earlier stages of what was to become English in all its varieties.' Robert Fulks, Professor Emeritus of English, Indiana University'Peter Trudgill's account of the geographical journey of the English language is highly educational, truly captivating, and uniquely sensitive to what has been lost along the way.' Erik Smitterberg, Professor of English Linguistics, Uppsala University'This book is a real page turner. Some people find readings about the History of the English Language boring. This is not going to happen with this book - Peter Trudgill marries a thrilling exploration of geographical expansion and retreat with a masterful investigation of the linguistic facts. Food for thought!' Benedikt Szmrecsanyi, Professor of Linguistics, KU LeuvenTable of ContentsPrologue: a view from the birthplace; 1. Where it all started: the language which became English; 2. The journey begins: the first movement south; 3. Interlude: a view from the Celtic island; 4. Heading west again: the North Sea crossing 400–600; 5. Anglo-Saxons and Celts in the English highlands 600–800; 6. And further west: across the Irish Sea 800–1200; 7. Atlantic crossing: on to the Americas 1600–1800; 8. Onwards to the Pacific shore; 9. Across the Equator: into the Southern Hemisphere 1800–1900; 10. Some turning back: English in retreat; 11. Meanwhile… Britain and the British Isles from 1600; 12. Transcultural diffusion: the New Native Englishes; Epilogue: sixteen hundred years on.
£18.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd The Routledge Handbook of Multimodal Analysis
Multimodality is an innovative approach to representation, communication and interaction which looks beyond language to investigate the multitude of ways we communicate: through images, sound and music to gestures, body posture and the use of space. The Routledge Handbook of Multimodal Analysis, Second Edition provides a comprehensive research tool kit' for multimodal analysis, with thirty-four chapters written by leading figures in the field on a wide range of theoretical and methodological issues. This new edition includes twelve new chapters on theoretical and mathodological developments, and multimodal research on digitally mediated texts and interaction. The Handbook includes chapters on key themes within multimodality such as technology, culture, notions of identity, social justice and power, and macro issues such as literacy policy. Taking a broad look at multimodality, the contributors engage with how a variety
£58.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd Revival On the Study of Words 1904
Book SynopsisFirst published in 1904, this book contains the conclusions of a series of lectures exploring the moral and historical value of single words. The author argues that, just as wisdom and knowledge are discoverable in books, so too are these treasures to be found in individual words themselves. Table of Contents1. Introduction 2. On the Morality in Words 3. On the History in Words 4. On the Rise of New Words 5. On the Distinction of Words 6. The Schoolmaster's Use of Words
£43.19
Cambridge University Press Expositio Notarum
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£999.99
Cambridge University Press Fixing English
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£30.99
Bloomsbury Publishing PLC Living Latin
Book SynopsisWhat kind of language is Latin, and who is it for? Contrary to most accounts, this book tells the story of Latin as a language of ordinary people. Surveying the whole span of the language's history, it explores the evidence that exists for ordinary Latin around the Roman world, arguing that this material is just as worthy of readers' attention as the famous classics. Those classics are reassessed in the light of popular concerns, as works of art that evoke ancient, sustainable, and communal ways of living, encompassing broad and diverse traditions of readers through time.And of course Latin lived on: this account revisits what happened to the language after the Roman empire, tracing its twin streams intellectual lingua franca and a series of Romance languages into the twenty-first century. What emerges is a human chain stretching back thousands of years and still in existence today, a story of workers and weavers, violets and roses, storytellers and musiciansTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 The Latin of Ordinary People 2 The Classics 3 Latin to Romance Bibliography Index
£21.02
Palgrave Macmillan Dangerous Language Esperanto and the Decline of Stalinism
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£74.99
Cambridge Scholars Publishing Covert Patterns of Modality
Book SynopsisThis typological overview compares the degree to which different languages have means to give expression to modality (possibility, necessity) without lexical and direct inflectional means.
£999.99
Quercus Publishing The Dawn of Language: The story of how we came to
Book Synopsis"A model of popular-science writing" STEVEN POOLEWho was "the first speaker" and what was their first message?An erudite, tightly woven and beautifully written account of one of humanity's greatest mysteries - the origins of language.Drawing on evidence from many fields, including archaeology, anthropology, neurology and linguistics, Sverker Johansson weaves these disparate threads together to show how our human ancestors evolved into language users. The Dawn of Language provides a fascinating survey of how grammar came into being and the differences or similarities between languages spoken around the world, before exploring how language eventually emerged in the very remote human past.Our intellectual and physiological changes through the process of evolution both have a bearing on our ability to acquire language. But to what extent is the evolution of language dependent on genes, or on environment? How has language evolved further, and how is it changing now, in the process of globalisation? And which aspects of language ensure that robots are not yet intelligent enough to reconstruct how language has evolved? Johansson's far-reaching, authoritative and research-based approach to language is brought to life through dozens of astonishing examples, both human and animal, in a fascinatingly erudite and entertaining volume for anyone who has ever contemplated not just why we speak the way we do, but why we speak at all.Translated from the Swedish by Frank PerryTrade ReviewAn elegant intellectual thriller . . . A model of popular-science writing in its imperturbable, reasonable weighing of competing ideas . . . [A] fascinating story in its own right -- Steven Poole * Guardian *Popular science of the highest order. All the necessary ingredients are there: a well-read author, an educational mindset and good, fluent prose. * Svenska Dagbladet *A formidable educational journey . . . This is the book the linguists have needed for so long. * Expressen *Johansson writes with enthusiasm and a desire to impart his knowledge . . . The delight is contagious. * Språktidningen *A fascinating overview of human language * Smålandsposten *Women are central to the story of how humans began to use language, at least according to the fascinating hypothesis advanced by Swedish scientist Sverker Johansson in his magisterial The Dawn of Language . . . but there are many other twists and turns in this detective story of the deep past. * Telegraph *I love a book that teaches me things I didn't know while provoking in me thoughts I never had before, setting my mind racing in new directions. Such a book is The Dawn of Language by Sverker Johansson -- Richard DawkinsA very well-researched and persuasive work on how evolution shaped pre-human development, and our precursors' role in externalising language and bringing it into the world. -- Graham Elliott * The Linguist *
£12.34
Guardian Faber Publishing Mrs Moreau's Warbler: How Birds Got Their Names
Book SynopsisSwallow and starling, puffin and peregrine, blue tit and blackcap. We use these names so often that few of us ever pause to wonder about their origins. What do they mean? Where did they come from? And who created them?The words we use to name birds are some of the most lyrical and evocative in the English language. They also tell incredible stories: of epic expeditions, fierce battles between rival ornithologists, momentous historical events and touching romantic gestures.Through fascinating encounters with birds, and the rich cast of characters who came up with their names, in Mrs Moreau's Warbler Stephen Moss takes us on a remarkable journey through time. From when humans and birds first shared the earth to our fraught present-day coexistence, Moss shows how these names reveal as much about ourselves and our relationship with the natural world as about the creatures they describe.
£10.44
University of Wales Press Welsh Not
Book Synopsis
£18.99
Bodleian Library Just the Job: How Trades got their Names
Book SynopsisWhat did a gongfarmer do? How is a chaperone connected to a bird of prey? What is the etymology behind cloud architect? And is there a link between secretaries and secrets? The story behind these (and many more) job titles is rarely predictable and often fascinating. In this highly original book, Alexander Tulloch examines the etymology behind a selection of trades and professions, unearthing intriguing nuggets of historical information along the way. Here you will find explanations of common surnames, such as Spencer, Hayward and Fletcher; obsolete jobs such as pardoner, cordwainer or telegraph boy; and roles for the modern era, such as wedding planner, pundit and sky marshal. Packed with additional etymological information and literary quotations, this book will appeal not only to linguists but also to anyone interested in the quirky twists and turns of meaning which have given us the job titles with which we are familiar today.
£12.34
Bodleian Library That's the Ticket for Soup!: Victorian Views on
Book SynopsisThe vocabulary of past times, no longer used in English, is always fascinating, especially when we see how it was pilloried by the satirists of the day. Here we have Victorian high and low society, with its fashionable and unfashionable slang, its class awareness and the jargon of steam engines, motor cars and other products of the Industrial Revolution. Then as now, people had strong feelings about the flood of new words entering English. Swearing, new street names and the many borrowings from French provoked continual irritation and mockery, as did the Americanisms increasingly encountered in the British press. In this intriguing collection, David Crystal has pored through the pages of the satirical magazine, Punch, between its first issue in 1841 and the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, and extracted the articles and cartoons that poked fun at the jargon of the day, adding a commentary on the context of the times and informative glossaries. In doing so he reveals how many present-day feelings about words have their origins over a century ago.
£14.24
Ebury Publishing Wordwatching: Breaking into the Dictionary: It's
Book SynopsisAlex Horne loves words. He loves them so much, in fact, that he's decided to invent his own ... and get them into the dictionary. But, as Alex discovers, gaining entry into the official lexicon takes more than just a gentle word in the ear of the editor. Evidence is required - Alex needs proof that his words are being spoken by more people than just him and his mum. He needs what the dictionary authorities call a 'corpus' of examples, hard data showing that his new words are in widespread and long-term usage. So a corpus he resolves to create, no matter what obstacles he might meet on the way. This is the epic and ridiculous story of one man's struggle to break into the dictionary. From covert word-dropping on Countdown to wilfully misinforming schoolchildren, Alex tries it all in his quest for dictionary-based immortality. Does he succeed? Are you already using one of Alex's words without realising it? You won't regret spending your hard-earned honk on this hugely entertaining book.Trade ReviewA safe place to invest your comedy honk * Review for 'Wordwatching' Edinburgh show, Time Out *
£999.99
Springer International Publishing AG Lingua Franca and Français Tirailleur: From Sea
Book SynopsisThis book explores how the eponymous and original Lingua Franca was recognized as a potential linguistic template for future military and colonial pidgins. The author traces the career trajectory of General Louis Faidherbe, a member of the French colonizing force in Algiers in the early 1830s and a recognized linguist, who rose up through the ranks in various African colonies and was the founder of regiments in West Africa, including the Senegal-based tirailleurs. Their artificially constructed military pidgin, Français Tirailleur, was a language modelled on the reduced grammar and lexicon of Lingua Franca. This book demonstrates the direct link between the two languages, as well as connections with other colonial pidgins in Asia that also derived to some extent from Lingua Franca. It will be of interest to students and scholars of language contact and language history, pidgins and creoles, and military and colonial history. Table of ContentsChapter 1: The evolution of Lingua Franca to Sabir and beyond.- Chapter 2: Louis Faidherbe, colonialist and linguist.- Chapter 3: Parallels of Sabir and Français Tirailleur.- Chapter 4: The mixed fortunes of Sabir.
£33.24
Springer International Publishing AG Inheritance and Innovation in a Colonial
Book SynopsisThis book takes a fresh approach to analysing how new languages are created, combining in-depth colonial history and empirical, usage-based linguistics. Focusing on a rarely studied language, the authors employ this dual methodology to reconstruct how multilingual individuals drew on their perception of Romance and West African languages to form French Guianese Creole. In doing so, they facilitate the application of a usage-based approach to language while simultaneously contributing significantly to the debate on creole origins. This innovative volume is sure to appeal to students and scholars of language history, creolisation and languages in contact.Chapter 3 is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.Trade Review“The book is well written, the argumentation is usually clear, the authors have a clear theorical framework, they present a great deal of linguistic data … . This book is probably its best test to date. … In short, this is an interesting book, more historically informed than most works of its kind.” (Peter Bakker, Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, Vol. 36 (2), 2021)Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction: A dual approach.- Chapter 2. History: The Creation of French Guianese Creole.- Chapter 3. Linguistics: Inheritance and Innovation in French Guianese Creole.- Chapter 4. Conclusion.
£75.05
Springer Verlag, Singapore Tono-types and Tone Evolution: The Case of Chaoshan
Book SynopsisThis book is a comprehensive study on the phonetic characteristics of citation tones in Chaoshan Chinese. It presents the tonal patterns of 65 localities in the Chaoshan area under the “multiple-register and four-level” tonal model. Three case studies are conducted to delve into the evolutionary paths of Chaoshan tones. This book not only provides a large-scale typological study on Chaoshan Chinese, but also offers a good example of how to figure out the evolutionary paths of tones from the perspective of variation. The natural alliance of phonetics, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, and dialect geography is reinforced. It is also suggested in this book that the joint use of these four disciplines is very promising for the study of Chinese.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of figures List of tables Abstract Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 General introduction to Chaoshan Chinese 1.2 Theoretical background 1.2.1 “Multi-register and four-level” tonal model 1.2.2 Universal tonal inventories 1.2.3 Tono-type and tonal pattern 1.3 Methodology 1.3.1 Fieldwork corpus 1.3.2 Information of informants 1.3.3 Data collection and analysis 1.4 Research Goals 1.5 Statement of significance 1.6 Outline of the book Chapter 2 Literature review 2.1 Previous studies on Chaoshan Chinese 2.1.1 Descriptive reports 2.1.2 Comparative studies 2.1.3 Acoustic phonetics2.2 The development of tonal models devised to delineate tones 2.3 Tonal typology and tone evolution 2.3.1 The mechanism of sound change 2.3.2 Tonal typology 2.3.3 Tone evolution 2.4 Summary Chapter 3 Tonal patterns within the Chaoshan area 3.1 Pattern A: Falling-level-level-level-low-rising 3.2 Pattern B: Falling-falling-level-level-low-rising 3.3 Pattern C: Falling-level-level-low-rising-rising 3.4 Pattern D: Falling-falling-level-low-rising-rising 3.5 Pattern E: Falling-falling-level-low-rising 3.6 Pattern F: Falling-level-level-low-rising 3.7 Pattern G: Falling-falling-level-level-low-high 3.8 Pattern H: Falling-falling-level-level-level-low 3.9 Pattern I: Falling-falling-falling-level-low 3.10 Pattern J: Falling-falling-level-level-low 3.11 Pattern K: Falling-falling-level-level-rising3.12 Three other patterns 3.13 Three main types: the dialectical classification of Chaoshan Chinese 3.14 The tono-types of MC tones within the Chaoshan area Chapter 4 The tonal chain shifts in the Huipu area 4.1 General introduction to the Huipu area 4.2 The special phonation in T2a 4.3 The downward chain shift of falling tones 4.4 The upward chain shift of rising tones 4.5 V-shaped tonal shift 4.5.1 From Jinghai to Liusha 4.5.2 The significant role of the pure low tone 4.5.3 More chian shift evolutions of tone in Chinese dialects 4.6 Non-natural merger of tones due to language contact 4.7 The downward chain shift of level tones4.8 The further development of T2a in central Huilai County 4.9 Summary Chapter 5 Tonal changes in the Chaoyang area 5.1 General introduction to the Chaoyang area 5.2 Changes in the production of T2a in the Chaoyang area 5.2.1 Age-related differences parallel with geographic variations 5.2.2 A perceptual experiment on T2a of Lugang dialect 5.2.3 Listener as an initiator in tonal changes 5.3 The chain shift of tones in Miancheng dialect 5.3.1 Tones involved in the chain shift 5.3.2 A pull chain or a push chain? 5.4 Tonal changes in Haimen dialect 5.5 Tonal changes in Dahao dialect 5.6 Tonal changes in Guiyu dialect 5.7 The motive behind the tonal changes in the Chaoyang area 5.8 SummaryChapter 6 The evolution of checked tones 6.1 General introduction 6.2 Different stages in the development of checked tones 6.3 Different phonation types of checked tones 6.3.1 Two basic forms of checked tone syllables in Chaoshan dialect 6.3.2 What is the so-called glottal stop? 6.3.3 Different phonetic manifestations of T4a and T4b 6.4 Experimental measures of acoustic cues for phonations in T4a and T4b 6.4.1 Acoustic measures 6.4.2 Stimuli 6.4.3 Informant 6.4.4 Result 6.4.5 Conclusion 6.5 The significance of the Yun’ao case 6.6 Summary Chapter 7 Conclusion 7.1 Summary of the major findings 7.1.1 Phonetic data exploration 7.1.2 Theoretical explorations 7.2 Future research and improvement References: Appendix A: Wordlists for analysis of tonal system Appendix B: Dialect sites and number of informants Appendix C: Informants from the Shanjie type Appendix D: Informants from the Huipu type Appendix E: Informants from the Chaoyang type Appendix F: Informants from other types Appendix G: Tono-types of each tonal pattern
£999.99