International law Books

Book SynopsisThe International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an international court with competence to settle disputes concerning the law of the sea. It is a central forum for the settlement of disputes relating to the interpretation and application of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. This volume contains the texts of written pleadings, minutes of public sittings and other documents from the proceedings in The “Grand Prince” Case (Belize v. France), Prompt Release. The documents are reproduced in their original language. The Tribunal delivered its Judgment on 20 April 2001. It is published in Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders 2001 (ITLOS Reports 2001). Le Tribunal international du droit de la mer est une juridiction internationale qui a compétence en matière de règlement des différends relatifs au droit de la mer. Il est une instance centrale pour le règlement des différends relatifs à l’interprétation et à l’application de la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer. Le présent volume contient le texte des pièces de procédures écrite, des procès-verbaux des audiences publiques et d’autres documents relatifs à la procédure dans l’Affaire du « Grand Prince » (Belize c. France), prompte mainlevée. Les documents sont reproduits dans la langue originale utilisée. Le Tribunal a rendu son arrêt le 20 avril 2001. L’arrêt est publié dans Recueil des arrêts, avis consultatifs et ordonnances 2001 (TIDM Recueil 2001).

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Book SynopsisWhat this book intends to do is to study three-dimensionalism (the distinction values-norms-facts) not in what could be called its historical dimension, but in its substantive aspect, as a “form” that, when applied to different legal themes, would add a “material content” to the three-dimensional theory. We can point out, as a study plan, the distinction between “three” perspectives: Those of the legal norm, of the legal order, and the legal relationship. Three-dimensionalism also appears in this work when one analyzes the “three” phases of the life of the law: The formation, the interpretation, and the application; and in the distinction between the “three” characteristics of the legal order: Fullness, coherence, and unity—the theory of legal validity, intended as legitimacy, as validity strictly speaking, or as effectiveness.Table of ContentsI. INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 Different Perspectives from which to Approach the Concept of Law 1. The Diff erence between Formal and Material Perspectives 2. Formal Perspective: The Three-dimensional Method in the Study of Law 3. Material Perspective II. THEORY OF THE LEGAL NORM Chapter 2 Concept of the Legal Norm 1. Defining the Legal Norm as Compared with Other Types of Norms 2. Structure of the Legal Norm Chapter 3 Analytical-Linguistic Consideration of the Legal Norm, as a Prescriptive Proposition 1. Initial Considerations Regarding this Process of Analysis 2. The Concept of Proposition and how it Diff ers from Other Concepts 3. Types of Propositions. The Traditional Approach and Enrico Pattaro’s Approach Chapter 4 Classifi cations of the Legal Norms 1. Primary and Secondary Norms. Historical Criteria for Differentiation 2. Other Classifi cation Criteria for Legal Norms III. THEORY OF THE LEGAL ORDER A) Moments or Phases in the Life of the Legal Order: The Formation, the Interpretation, and the Application Chapter 5 Formation of the Legal Order: Theory of the Sources of Law 1. The Sources of Law 2. Communitarian Law 3. Written Law as the Principal Source in the Roman-Germanic System 4. Custom as a Spontaneous Reiteration of the Acts of the People 5. General Principles of Law 6. Case Law 7. Contracts 8. Jurisprudence Chapter 6 Interpretation of the Legal Order 1. Interconnection between the Processes of Application and Interpretation of Law 2. The concept of Interpretation. Elements 3. Types of Interpretation Chapter 7 Application of the Legal Order 1. Analogy 2. Equity 3. Other Types of Legal Arguments Chapter 8 The Completeness of the Legal Order. Gaps in the Law 1. Principal Theories Utilized by the Legal Order’s Dogma of Completeness 2. The Problem of Gaps in the Law Chapter 9 The Coherence of the Legal Order. Legal Antinomies 1. The Concept of System 2. The Problem of Antinomies Chapter 10 The Unity of the Legal Order. The Validity of the Law 1. The Suitability of the Three-dimensional Approach with Regards to the Topic of Validity 2. The Concept of Validity Chapter 11 The Deontological or Naturalist Foundation of Validity 1. Relations Existing in the Matter of Validity 2. Some Natural Law Theories Chapter 12 Positivist Foundation of Validity 1. Relations Existing on the Subject of Validity 2. Main Positivist Theories Chapter 13 Realist Basis of Validity 1. Relations Existing on the Subject of Validity 2. Principal Realist Theories Chapter 14 Problems Resolved by Considering Law From the Perspective of the Legal Order 1. The Term “Legal Order” 2. Problems Resolved by Considering Law from the Perspective of the Legal Order IV. THEORY OF THE LEGAL RELATIONSHIP Chapter 15 The Legal Relationship 1. Historical Formulation of the Concept of the Legal Relationship F. C. von Savigny’s Elaboration of the Concept in his Work System des Heutingen römischen Rechts 2. Defi nition of The Legal Relationship: The Concepts of Legal Situation, Legal Act, and Legal Transaction 3. Structure of the Legal Relationship: Elements 4. Content of the Legal Relationship 5. Types of Legal Relationships Chapter 16 Right as a Part of the Legal Relationship 1. The Law (“Norma Agendi”) – Right (“Facultas Agendi”) Comparison 2. The Doctrinal Development of the Idea of Right 3. Limits on the Exercise of Rights Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe Collected Courses of the Xiamen Academy of International Law contain the Summer Courses taught at the Xiamen Academy of International Law by highly qualified international legal professionals. The Second Volume of the Series contains the following articles: Aspects de la question des sources du droit international Yves Daudet The Paradigms of Universalism and Particularism in the Age of Globalisation: Western Perspectives on the Premises and Finality of International Law Armin von Bogdandy and Sergio Dellavalle Legal Aspects of Electronic Commerce: Rules of Evidence, Contract Formation and Online Performance Jose Angelo Estrella Faria The Elusive Pro-Arbitration Priority in Contemporary Court Scrutiny of Arbitral Awards Tibor Várady The Xiamen Academy of International Law aims to promote academic exchanges among legal communities across the globe, encourage examination of major international issues and, by so doing, seek ways to improve the possibilities for world peace and international cooperation. It seeks to achieve this aim by providing the highest level of education to individuals, particularly those from Asian countries, interested in the development and use of international law – persons such as young lecturers in international law, diplomats, practitioners of transnational law, government officials in charge of foreign affairs, and officials of international organizations.Table of ContentsAspects de la question des sources du droit international Yves Daudet The Paradigms of Universalism and Particularism in the Age of Globalisation: Western Perspectives on the Premises and Finality of International Law Armin von Bogdandy and Sergio Dellavalle Legal Aspects of Electronic Commerce: Rules of Evidence, Contract Formation and Online Performance Jose Angelo Estrella Faria The Elusive Pro-Arbitration Priority in Contemporary Court Scrutiny of Arbitral Awards Tibor Várady

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Book SynopsisThis volume of The China Legal Development Yearbook is the fourth in a series of annual reports written by leading Chinese law and legal policy scholars and judges to appear in English translation. This 2009 yearbook reviews major legal developments in 2008, and provides valuable insight into contemporary debates in China about the substance, direction and priorities of legal reform.Table of ContentsCONTENTS 1. The Comprehensive Development of Rule of Law in China: On the 30th Anniversary of Reform and Opening Rule of Law Blue Book Task Force, Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences 2. Chinese Rule of Law in 2008: On Scientific Progress Task Force of the Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences PART ONE SPECIAL REPORTS 3. Legislative Development in China in 2008 Chen Guogang 4. New Developments in Human Rights Protection in China Liu Huawen PART TWO ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 5. Administrative Rule of Law in 2008 Yuan Shuhong and Han Chunhui 6. Formulation and Implementation of the Regulations on the Disclosure of Government Information Su Miaohan 7. Development of Legislation for Earthquake Disaster Prevention and Relief in 2008 Mo Jihong 8. Rule of Law in Food Safety Xu Jinghe PART THREE CRIMINAL LAW 9. Criminal Rule of Law in China in 2008 Liu Renwen and Zhou Zhenjie 10. Procuratorate System Reform Sun Qian 11. Reform and Development of the Penal System Dong Kaijun and Ding Tianqiu PART FOUR ECONOMIC LAW 12. The 2008 Tax Law Ding Yi 13. Present Status of the Credit Card Industry Chen Shizhi PART FIVE LABOR AND SOCIAL LAW 14. Medical System Reform Yu Shaoxiang 15. Public Interest Law in 2008 Huang Jinrong 16. Legal Education Ji Xiangde PART SIX SURVEY OF NATIONAL CONDITIONS 17. Investigatory Report on the Chinese Government’s Response to the 2008 Snow Emergency in Guizhou Province China Rule of Law Survey Group, Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences 18. Investigation and Research on the Protection of Personal Information Chinese Personal Information Protection Task Group

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Book SynopsisAround twenty years ago, a challenge was laid down to international law by those writing at the critical periphery of the discipline; a challenge that has yet to find satisfactory response. Although often (mistakenly) characterised as nihilist, this book seeks to recast it in positive terms; to pose the question of what – if anything – is left of international law and ethics if we accept both that apolitical rules are impossible and that the values that must – inevitably – be used to justify them are irreducibly, radically subjective. After detailed analyses of different political and international legal philosophers who have confronted this issue, the answer is located in a “turn to literature” and a rehabilitation of the ancient notion of rhetoric.Table of ContentsThe Monograph Series; Foreword; Acknowledgements Part I Setting the Scene: Chapter I The Scope and Aims of the Book: Introduction; Some Preliminary Clarifications; Post-Foundationalism; Ethics; Justification and Responsibility; Aims and Limits; Chapter II International Law and the Critical Challenge: The Primacy of the Periphery; The Foundational Contradictions of International Legal Thought; Liberalism and the Modern Problematic; The Critical Challenge to International Law; Chapter III Reactions to the Critical Challenge: Some Preliminary Exclusions; Modern Reactions; Instrumental Pragmatism; Positivism; Hermeneutics; Confessions, Dichotomies, and Trends at the Periphery; Beyond the Critical Challenge; Part II The Foundations of a Post-Foundational Ethics: Chapter IV A Common Problematic: The Common Problematic; Nietzsche and the “Sceptical Attitude”; Ethics in Sartre and Beauvoir; Camus: A Shift in Focus; Chapter V Foucault, Ethics and Enlightenment: Power and Freedom; The Legacy of the Enlightenment; The Ethics of Self-Creation; Towards a New Game? Chapter VI Rorty, Epistemology and Literature: The Possibility of Other Narratives; The Rejection of Epistemology; The Public, The Private and the “Literary Culture”; The Limits of the Public/Private Metaphor; Chapter VII The Foundations of a Post-Foundational Ethics: The Problematic of Ethical Post-Foundationalism; Two Formal Considerations; Inclusion/Exclusion; The Critical Relation; Arguments to Avoid; Epistemology; Fetishism; Disingenuity; Argumentation and Literature; Part III The Turns to Ethics in International Law: Chapter VIII Kratochwil, Rhetoric and Communicative Action: The Turn(s) to Ethics; Post-foundationalism, Ethics and Norms in Kratochwil; Argumentation and Rhetoric; The Normative Dimension of Communicative Action; Chapter IX Korhonen, Situationality and “The Cave”: Facing the Post-Foundational; From Silence to the Fortress: Tekhne and Phronesis; The Mysticism of “the Cave” ; A “Retreat” to the Fortress? Chapter X Franck, Democracy and Fairness: Franck and Post-foundationalism; The Preconditions of Fairness; Fairness and Democracy; The Disingenuity of Universality; Chapter XI Rawls and the Law of Peoples: Rawls’ Trajectory; The New “Original” Position; Human Rights and Distributive Justice; Post-Foundationalism and Justification; Part IV A Shifting Paradigm?: Chapter XII From Contradiction to Aporia: Contradiction and Beyond; Apology/Utopia and Absurdity/Responsibility;From Contradiction to Aporia; Chapter XIII The Recovery of Rhetoric : The Shifting Paradigm; The Expulsion of Rhetoric; The Recovery of Rhetoric; The Limits of the Argumentative Paradigm; Chapter XIV The Expansion of Rhetoric: On Truth in Literature; Beyond Argument; Surface and Enacted Meaning; Ethics and the Literary Rhetorical Paradigm; Chapter XV The Rhetoric of Eunomia: Why Eunomia?; The Structures of Eunomia – An Overview; The Rhetoric of Eunomia; Enacted dialectics; Language; Voice; Metaphor; Technique; The Mystification of Society; Eunomia, Philosophy, Literature; Part V Conclusions: Chapter XVI Framing the Legal Within the Post-Foundational : On the Idea of Frames; To Recap; Framing the Legal; A Metaphorical Suggestion; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis Liber Amicorum in honour of Professor Christian Dominicé covers most of the topical problems of contemporary international law, in particular those related to the principles and fundamentals of international law, human rights and humanitarian law, institutional law and criminal international law. Ce Liber Amicorum en l’honneur du Professeur Christian Dominicé couvre certains des sujets les plus actuels du droit international, en particulier ceux ayant trait aux principes et fondamentaux du droit international, aux droits de l’homme et au droit humanitaire ou encore au droit institutionnel et pénal international.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines theoretical and practical issues concerning the relationship between international law, time and history. Problems relating to time and history are ever-present in the work of international lawyers, whether understood in terms of the role of historic practice in the doctrine of sources, the application of the principle of inter-temporal law in dispute settlement, or in gaining a coherent insight into the role that was played by international law in past events. But very little has been written about the various different ways in which international lawyers approach or understand the past, and it is with a view to exploring the dynamics of that engagement that this book has been compiled. In its broadest sense, it is possible to identify at least three different ways in which the relationship between international law and (its) history may be conceived. The first is that of a history of international law written in narrative form, and mapped out in terms of a teleology of origins, development, progress or renewal. The second is that of history in international law and of the role history plays in arguments about law itself (for example in the construction of customary international law). The third way of understanding that relationship is in terms of international law in history: of understanding how international law has been engaged in the creation of a history that in some senses stands outside the history of international law itself. The essays in this collection make clear that each type of engagement with history and international law interweaves various different types of historical narrative, pointing to the typically multi-layered nature of international lawyers’ engagement with the past and its importance in shaping the present and future of international law. Originally published in hardcoverTable of ContentsAcknowledgments; Introduction: International Law and Its Histories, Matt Craven; International Law and Its History: The Story of an Unrequited Love, Randall Lesaffer; Foreign Office International Legal History, David J. Bederman; English Approaches to International Law in the Nineteenth Century, Michael Lobban; A Case Study on Jurisprudence as a Source of International Law: Oppenheim’s Influence, Amanda Perreau-Saussine; Time, History, and Sources of Law Peremptory Norms: Is There a Need for New Sources of International Law?, Hazel Fox; Reluctant Grundnormen: Articles 31(3)(C) and 42 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and the Fragmentation of International Law, Jan Klabbers; The Time of Conclusion and the Time of Application of Treaties as Points of Reference in the Interpretative Process, Don Greig; Piracy and The Origins of Enmity, Gerry Simpson; Distance and Contemporaneity in Exploring the Practice of States: The British Archives in Relation to the 1957 Oman and Muscat Incident, Anthony Carty; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume was produced to celebrate the fortieth anniversary of the Israel Yearbook on Human Rights. Forty years have yielded an impressive forty annual volumes. When it was started in 1971, the Yearbook was the first of its kind anywhere in the world. It has always understood its mandate as transcending the narrow borders of the discipline of either national or international human rights. From the outset, international humanitarian law and international criminal law were understood as coming within the proper framework of the Yearbook, as were on occasion articles on diverse freedoms that may seem out of bounds to a strict interpreter of the phrase “human rights”.Table of ContentsPreface Yoram Dinstein; I. Human Rights Issues Human Rights On the Meaning of Human Dignity Volume 13 (1983) Haim Cohn; The Right of Return in International Law, with Special Reference to the Palestinian Refugees Volume 16 (1986) Ruth Lapidoth ; Minorities The Definition of Minorities in International Law Volume 20 (1990) Malcolm Shaw; International Protection of Minorities: A Global View Volume 1 (1971) Jacob Robinson; From Protection of Minorities to Group Rights Volume 18 (1988) Natan Lerner; Jewish Questions The Jewish Question at the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1818 Volume 2 (1972) Nathan Feinberg; World War II: Jews as Prisoners of War Volume 10 (1980) Joseph Lador-Lederer; Democracy How to Save Democracy from Itself? Volume 26 (1996) Jochen A. Frowein; Democracy, Rule of Law and Admission to the Council of Europe Volume 26 (1996) Theodor Meron & Jeremy S. Sloan; II. The Law of Armed Conflict International Humanitarian Law – General Protocol I Additional to the Geneva Conventions and Customary International Law Volume 31 (2001) Fausto Pocar; The Relationship between the Human Rights Regime and the Law of Armed Conflict Volume 1 (1971) G.I.A.D. Draper; The Red Cross, Red Crescent, Red Lion and Sun and the Red Shield of David Volume 5 (1975) Shabtai Rosenne; International Humanitarian Law and the Disintegration of States Volume 30 (2000) Dino Kritsiotis; International Humanitarian Law – Specific Protection of Cultural Property in Armed Conflict Volume 32 (2002) Rüdiger Wolfrum; Human Shields in International Humanitarian Law Volume 38 (2008) Michael N. Schmitt; The International Law of Mine Warfare at Sea Volume 23 (1993) Wolff Heintschel von Heinegg; Occupation: Belligerent and Non-Belligerent Gaza, Iraq, Lebanon: Three Occupations under International Law Volume 37 (2007) Nicholas Rostow; The Observance of International Law in the Administered Territories Volume 1 (1971) Meir Shamgar; Non-Belligerent Occupation Volume 28 (1998) Michael J. Kelly; III. International Criminal Law Terrorism Defining International Terrorism: A Way Out of the Quagmire Volume 19 (1999) John Murphy; The Laws of War in the War on Terror Volume 32 (2002) Adam Roberts; Jus ad Bellum and International Terrorism Volume 32 (2002) Rein Müllerson; Rescue at Entebbe – Legal Aspects Volume 6 (1976) Leslie C. Green; War Crimes The International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg Volume 37 (2007) Yoram Dinstein; Treatment of War Crimes in Peace Settlements – Prosecution or Amnesty? Volume 24 (1994) Fania Domb.

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Book SynopsisOn the contemporary international law scene, there are not many jurists who match the eminence and stature of Abdul G. Koroma, who served as distinguished judge of the International Court of Justice for 18 years. This volume of outstanding essays, Shielding Humanity, written by renowned judges, scholars and practitioners of international law in honour of Judge Koroma, discuss both classical and contemporary topics of significant relevance to the current and future of international law.

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Book SynopsisThe Montreal Protocol, which is based on the Vienna Ozone Convention, is known as one of the most successful environmental treaties in the history of international law. These treaties, together with non-binding instruments adopted by the MOP/COP, have gradually formed the so-called ‘ozone régime’ and have exerted a significant influence on the international legal order. The first edition of Professor Yoshida’s monograph, The International Legal Régime for the Protection of the Stratosphere Ozone Layer, published in 2001, provided a renowned and comprehensive contemporary study of the international ozone régime. In the second revised edition, the author provides a detailed analysis of the developments in the ozone régime after the adoption of the 1999 Beijing Amendments, including the operation of the Non-Compliance Procedure and the Kigali Amendment on a global phase-down of HFCs.Trade Review"Dr. Yoshida has written the most comprehensive contemporary study of the international ozone régime in English. He has explored both the negotiation of the relevant treaties and their operation in practice. His study addresses legal and institutional issues and gives important insights into some of the most novel features of the rigime, including its non-compliance procedure. There is much in his work which will interest both lawyers and international relations specialists. Above all he shows that multilateral, negotiated, solutions to global environmental problems are possible, given sufficient political will. His conclusions deserve the wider appreciation which publication of this book will help to ensure." - Professor Alan E. Boyle, University of EdinburghTable of ContentsList of Cases Preface to the Second Revised Edition About the Author Foreword  Introduction Part 1: International Legal Régimes  1International Environmental Régimes  IA Preliminary Examination of ‘International Régimes’  IIInternational Régimes in International Environmental Relations  IIIInternational Environmental Régimes and International Law  ALaw-Making in International Cooperation Régimes of Environmental Regulation  BThe Institutionalisation of International Environmental Cooperation  C‘Soft Enforcement’ of Treaties: Implementation of and Compliance with Legal Obligations of Environmental Régimes  DNon-Governmental Organisations as Actors of International Legal Régimes  IVThe Emergence of the ‘Self-Contained’ Régime for Obligations Erga Omnes: Ensuring Universal Compliance  VConclusions Part 2: The International Treaties for the Protection of the Ozone Layer  2The 1985 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and Principles of Modern International Environmental Law  IIntroduction  IIThe Negotiation of the 1985 Vienna Ozone Convention  ANational and Regional Regulation of Major Chlorofluorocarons (CFCs)  BThe Vienna Convention Negotiation within the UNEP as a Law-Making Forum  (1)The International Ozone Régime-Building from 1977 to 1980  (2)The Discussions at the Ad Hoc Working Group (1982–1985)  (3)Negotiating an Ozone Protocol for Controlling CFCs  (4)‘The Vienna Ozone Layer Convention is Adopted’  IIIThe 1985 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer  AThe Definition of ‘Adverse Effects’ Caused by Ozone Depletion  (1)The Limited Scope of the Term ‘Air Pollution’ in Regional Environmental Treaties  (2)Adverse Effects Caused by Ozone Depletion  BThe Legal Status of the Ozone Layer in General International Law  (1)National Jurisdiction over the Ozone Layer  (2)The Ozone Layer as ‘Common Concern of Mankind’  CThe Vienna Ozone Convention and the ‘Principle’ of the Precautionary Approach in Modern International Law of the Environment  (1)The Vienna Ozone Convention and Principle 21 of the 1972 Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment  (2)The Vienna Ozone Convention and the Precautionary Environmental ‘Principle’: The Emergence of a New Approach  (a)International Environmental Cooperation: Developments Subsequent to the Adoption of Principle 22 of the 1972 Stockholm Declaration  (b)The Precautionary Environmental ‘Principle’ or Approach  DThe Provisions of the Vienna Ozone Convention  (1)The General Obligations: Legal Basis of the Montreal Ozone Protocol  (2)The Conference of the Parties to the Vienna Ozone Convention  (3)The UNEP Ozone Secretariat for the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol  (4)The Dispute Settlement Procedures under the Vienna Ozone Convention  IVAssessment of the Vienna Ozone Convention  3The Montreal Protocol: The Evolution of the International Regulatory Régime for the Protection of the Ozone Layer  IIntroduction  IIThe Montreal Protocol Negotiation: Preparation on the Protocol on the Protection of the Ozone Layer within the UNEP  AThe First Session of the Working Group  BThe Second Session of the Working Group  CToward a Final Decision in Montreal in September 1987  IIIInternational Legal Regulation of Specified ODSs under the Montreal Protocol  AThe Final Agreement: Provisions of the Montreal Protocol  BInternational Control Measures for ODSs  (1)The Substances Covered by the Montreal Ozone Protocol  (2)The Percentage Reduction Approach: Consumption and Production  (3)The Ozone-Depleting Potentials (ODPs)  (4)The Special Situation of the Former USSR  (5)Non-Compliance with the Control Measures: Compliance Control  CThe Internal Mechanisms for Amendments and Adjustments: Strengthening the System of the International Control Measures  DThe European Community as the ‘Regional Economic Integration Organisation’: The Joint Implementation of the ODS Control Measures  ESpecial Situation of Developing Countries: The ‘Grace Period’ for Article 5 Countries  (1)The Justification for the Grace Period  (2)The Grace and Phaseout Period for Article 5 Countries  (3)The Principle of Common-But-Differentiated Responsibility  (4)The Consequences of the Grace Period  IVThe Development of the International Cooperative and Regulatory Ozone Régime: The Evolution of International Control Measures and Other ODSs-Related Issues  AThe Need for Revisions of the 1987 version of the Protocol: New Scientific Knowledge on the State of the Ozone Layer  BThe 1989 Helsinki Ozone Meeting and Its International Soft Law  CThe 1990 London Ozone Meeting: Strengthening the Control Measures and the Establishment of the Multilateral Fund  DThe 1992 Copenhagen Ozone Meeting: Strengthening the Control Measures of HCFCs and the Establishment of the Montreal NCP  EThe 1995 Vienna Ozone Meeting: The Control Measures for HCFCs and Methylbromide, and the Extension of the Grace Period  FThe 1997 Montreal Ozone Meeting: Control Measures of Methylbromide and Illegal Trade in CFCs and ODSs  GThe 1999 Beijing Ozone Meeting: A Freeze in HCFCs Production and the Control of a New ODS – Bromochloromethane  HThe 2007 Montreal Ozone Meeting: Adjustments for Accelerating HCFCs Phaseout  IThe 2016 Kigali Ozone Meeting: Phasing Down of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)  VThe Domestic Implementation of the International Treaties for the Protection of the Ozone Layer  AIntroduction  BDomestic Implementation of the Ozone Treaties in Japan  VIConclusions Part 3: The Ozone Layer Régime and the Wto/Gatt Law Régime  4The Montreal Ozone Protocol Régime and the International Trade Law Régime of the WTO/GATT  IIntroduction  AMultilateral Environmental Agreements and WTO/gatt Law  BMultilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs)  IIThe International Régime for Trade Restrictions of ODSs  AThe Background of Article 4 of the Montreal Protocol: Resolving the Problem of Non-Participation in the MEA Régime  BArticle 4 of the Montreal Protocol: Process and Production Method-Related Arguments  IIIThe WTO/GATT Trade Law  AThe WTO/GATT Law  BThe Governing Economic Principles of GATT Law  CGATT Case-Law  IVThe Legal Conflicts between MEAs and WTO/GATT Trade Law  AThe Legal Conflicts between MEAs and WTO/gatt Trade Law  BThe Relationship between MEA Dispute Settlement Procedures and the WTO Dispute Settlement System: The Montreal NCP or the WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures?  (1)General Discussions  (2)The NCP or the WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures?  VGATT Article XX and the Global Protection of the Ozone Layer under the Montreal Protocol  AThe Exceptions under GATT Article XI(1) and XX  BGATT Article XI(2) Exceptions and the Montreal Protocol  CThe Preamble Conditions for GATT Article XX Exceptions and Article 4 of the Montreal Protocol: Compliance with the Terms of the Chapeau  DGATT Article XX(b) and the Protection of the Ozone Layer  (1)Article 4 of the Montreal Protocol is ‘Necessary’ to Protect Human Health and the Environment: GATT Article XX(b) and International Environmental Law  (2)Environmental Objectives of the International Ozone Régime are widely recognised by the International Community  EGATT Article XX(g) and the Protection of the Ozone Layer  VIConclusions Part 4: The Compliance System of the Montreal Protocol  5The Montreal Non-Compliance Procedure and the Functions of the Internal International Organs  IThe Montreal Non-Compliance Procedure (NCP)  AThe Judicial Settlement of International Environmental Disputes  BThe Avoidance and Quasi-Judicial Settlement of Multilateral Environmental Disputes: The Non-Compliance Procedure (NCP)  IIThe Negotiation of the Montreal NCP  IIIThe Meaning of ‘Non-Compliance’ in the Montreal Protocol: A Grey Area of the International Ozone Régime  AThe Meaning of ‘Non-Compliance’ in the Evolving Ozone Régime  BDepoliticising Multilateral Environmental Disputes? The Relationship between the NCP and the Dispute Settlement Mechanisms in the Vienna Ozone Convention  IVThe Mechanics of the Operation of the Montreal NCP: The Functions of the Specialised Internal Treaty Bodies  AThe Structure of the Montreal NCP  (1)The Actors of the NCP  (2)The Principle of Good Faith (Bona fides)  BThe Functions of the Internal International Agencies in the Montreal Non-Compliance Procedure  (1)The UNEP Ozone Secretariat  (2)The Implementation Committee of the NCP  (a)The Structure of the Implementation Committee  (b)The Functions of the Committee in the Montreal NCP  (3)The Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol  (a)The Functions of the Meeting of the Parties in the NCP  (b)The Legal Nature of the Decisions of the Meeting of the Parties  VThe Principal Features of the NCP: The Montreal NCP, International Conciliation and Other Dispute Settlement Procedures  AThe Montreal NCP as a Multilateral Conciliation Mechanism  (1)International Conciliation and the NCP  (2)From Conciliation to the Political Organ of the MEA  BThe Dispute Settlement Mechanisms Used by Other International Institutions  (1)The WTO/GATT Non-Violation Procedure in International Economic Law  (2)The ILO Complaints Procedure  VIThe Montreal NCP Theory: Soft Enforcement of International Environmental Law  VIIThe Montreal NCP in Practice  AEnsuring Compliance with Reporting Requirements, Control Measures and Trade Restrictions  (1)The Reporting Requirements  (2)The Control Measures of ODSs  (3)Trade with Non-Parties  BCase Study: Non-Compliance by the Russian Federation and the Reactions of the NCP Organs  (1)The Russian Federation and the CEITs  (2)Russia’s Non-Compliance Case  VIIIConclusions  6The Financial Mechanism of the Montreal Protocol and the International Transfer of Ozone-Friendly Technology: Capacity Building in the Ozone Régime  IThe Concept of Capacity Building in International Environmental Law  AThe Definition of Capacity Building  BCapacity Building and MEAs  IIThe Negotiation Process of the Montreal Multilateral Fund and Issues Related to Technology Transfer  ACapacity Building under the Vienna Ozone Convention and the Montreal Protocol  BThe Negotiation of the Montreal Multilateral Fund and Technology Transfer  IIIThe Structure of the Financial Mechanism of the Montreal Protocol  AGeneral Legal Aspects  BThe Role of the International Agencies in the Financial Mechanism  (1)The Executive Committee  (2)The Multilateral Fund Secretariat  (3)The Implementing Agencies  (a)The World Bank  (b)The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)  (c)The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)  (d)The United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO)  CThe Global Environment Facility (GEF)  DStrategies: Work Programmes, Country Programmes and Institutional Strengthening  (1)Work Programmes  (2)Country Programmes  (3)Institutional Strengthening for Project Implementation  (4)The Conditionally between MLF Funding and Compliance with the Protocol  IVSpecial Considerations for the International Transfer of Ozone-Friendly Technology  AInternational Technology Transfer  BInternational Technology Transfer of ODS Reduction  VThe Operation of the Financial Mechanism of the Montreal Protocol  AThe Effectiveness of the Montreal Multilateral Fund  (1)The Phaseout of Controlled ODSs  (2)The Transfer of Technology of ODSs  VIConclusions Part 5: Conclusions  7The International Legal Régime for the Protection of the Ozone Layer  Appendices  IThe 1985 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer  IIThe 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, as adjusted and amended by the Second Meeting of the Parties (London, 27–29 June 1990) and by the Fourth Meeting of the Parties (Copenhagen, 23–25 November 1992) and further adjusted by the Seventh Meeting of the Parties (Vienna, 5–7 December 1995) and further adjusted and amended by the Ninth Meeting of the Parties (Montreal, 15–17 September 1997) and by the Eleventh Meeting of the Parties (Beijing, 29 November – 3 December 1999) and further adjusted by the Nineteenth Meeting of the Parties (Montreal, 17–21 September 2007) and further amended by the Twenty-Eighth Meeting of the Parties (Kigali, 10–15 October 2016)              IIIThe Non-Compliance Procedure (1998)  Indicative List of Measures that Might be Taken by the Me

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Book SynopsisThe European Union in the World: Essays in Honour of Marc Maresceau is dedicated to the academic career of Marc Maresceau, a world-renowned expert in EU external relations law and pioneer in EU enlargement and neighbourhood studies. With a special focus on the post-Lisbon legal framework of EU external action, the book builds further upon the implementation of the reforms initiated by the Lisbon Treaty to offer virtually all-encompassing analysis of EU external relations law by top-level specialists.Table of ContentsPreface by Inge Govaere, Erwan Lannon, Peter Van Elsuwege and Stanislas Adam Foreword by Hubert Bocken Foreword by Paul Demaret Foreword by Jean Raux Foreword by Guy Schrans List of contributors List of abbreviations and accronyms Part I: General Principles of EU External Action A. Dashwood The Continuing Bipolarity of EU External Action A. Rosas Exclusive, Shared and National Competence in the Context of EU External Relations: Do Such Distinctions Matter? K. Lenaerts Direct Applicability and Direct Effect of International Law in the EU Legal Order S. Adam The Legal Basis of International Agreements of the European Union in the Post-Lisbon Era P. Eeckhout The European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as an Integral Part of EU Law - Some Reflections on Status and Effect C. Kaddous Loyauté du commerce, moyen de défense des intérêts des Etats membres et de l’Union européenne Part II: The Institutional Framework of EU External Action P.-C. Müller-Graff The European External Action Service: Challenges in a Complex Institutional Framework R. Wessel Can the EU Replace its Member States in International Affairs? An International Law Perspective C. Rapoport La procédure de conclusion des accords externes de l’Union européenne : quelle unité après Lisbonne ? J. Devuyst The European Parliament and International Trade Agreements: Practice after the Lisbon Treaty J.-V. Louis The Euro Area and Multilateral Financial Institutions and Bodies Part III: EU External Action In Practice: Contemporary Issues J. Wouters, J. Odermatt and T. Ramopoulos The Status of the European Union at the United Nations General Assembly I. Govaere Novel Issues Pertaining to EU Member States Membership of other International Organisations: the OIV case F. Jacobs Member States of the European Union before the International Court of Justice F. Dehousse La juridiction unifiée du brevet: le nouvel oxymoron du droit européen C. Blumann La singularité de la décision dans le domaine de la Politique étrangère et de sécurité commune C. Flaesch-Mougin et I. Bosse-Platière L'application provisoire des accords de l’Union européenne P. Mengozzi Complémentarité et coopération entre la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne et les juges nationaux en matière de séjour dans l’Union des citoyens d’Etats tiers E. Somers The Costa Concordia Incident and Liability for Passenger Damage: An International and European Law Approach Part IV: The External Dimension of EU Competition Policy A.-M. Van den Bossche EU Competition Law in 3D J. Bourgeois Competition Policy: the Poor Relation in the European Union Free Trade Agreements P.-J. Slot Bilateral Treaties in the Field of Competition Law T. Joris The European Economic Area and State Aid Part V: The EU’s Bilateral Relations with Third Countries P. Van Elsuwege The Legal Framework of EU-Russia Relations: Quo Vadis? G. Burghardt The Transatlantic Partnership: A Legal and Institutional Appraisal P. Vlaemminck The EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement: Implications in the First Year of Implementation Part VI: The Enlargement and Proximity Policies of the European Union E. Lannon Elargissements et politiques de proximité de l’UE : libres propos sur l’intégration différenciée J.-C. Gautron Libres propos sur les élargissements de l'Union européenne P. Balázs Enlargement Conditionality of the European Union and Future Prospects D. Kochenov Overestimating Conditionality C. Hillion Enlarging the European Union and its Fundamental Rights Protection P. Xuereb Universal Human Rights and EuroMed – An Agenda J. Czuczai Accession to the EU, but to which EU? The Legal Impact of the Constantly Evolving EMU acquis on the EU Enlargement Process A. Tovias The End of Spheres of Influence by Encroachment of Rivals: The Case of the EU and the US Index

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Book SynopsisThis collection of essays gathers contributions from leading international lawyers from different countries, generations and angles with the aim of highlighting the multifaceted history of international law. This volume questions and analyses the origins and foundations of the international legal system. A particular attention is devoted to Hugo Grotius as one of the founding fathers of the law of nations. Several contributions further question the positivist tradition initiated by Vattel and endorsed by scholars of the 19th Century. This immersion in the intellectual origins of international law is enriched by an inquiry into the practice of the law of nations, including its main patterns and changing evolution as well as the role of non-western traditions and the impact of colonization. Le présent ouvrage réunit les contributions de juristes internationaux reconnus en vue d’éclairer les multiples facettes de l’histoire du droit international public. L’ouvrage analyse et questionne les origines et les fondements de l’ordre juridique international. Une attention toute particulière est dédiée à Hugo Grotius l’un des pères fondateurs du droit international. D’autres contributions questionnent également la tradition positiviste initiée par Vattel et confortée par la doctrine du 19ème siècle. Cette immersion dans les origines doctrinales du système juridique international est enrichie par l’étude de la pratique du droit international public, son évolution ainsi que le rôle des traditions non-occidentales et l’impact de la colonisation.Table of ContentsAvant-propos Jean-Michel Jacquet I. THE LEGACY OF GROTIUS AND HIS FORUNNERS / L’HERITAGE DE GROTIUS ET SES DEVANCIERS International Law and the Emergence of Mercantile Capitalism: Grotius to Smith Martti Koskenniemi The Meaning of Trust: Fides between Self-Interest and Appetitus Societatis Hans W. Blom With Grotius against Grotius: Jephtha’s “Appeal to Heaven” in John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government Gabriella Silvestrini Droit international et chrétienté : des origines espagnoles aux origines polonaises du droit international. Autour du sermon De bellis justis du canoniste polonais Stanislas de Skarbimierz (13601431) Alfred Dufour Jus gentium medium est intra jus naturale et jus civile : la « double face » du Droit des Gens dans la scolastique espagnole du 16ème siècle Franco Todescan Alberico Gentili and the Hanse: The Early Reception of De iure belli (1598) Alain Wijffels Political Theory and Jurisprudence in Gentili’s De iure belli: The Great Debate between “Theological” and “Humanist” Perspectives from Vitoria to Grotius Diego Panizza II. THE POSITIVIST TRADITION IN THE HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW / LA TRADITION POSITIVISTE DANS L’HISTOIRE DU DROIT INTERNATIONAL Vattel and the American Dream: An Inquiry into the Reception of the Law of Nations in the United States Vincent Chetail Jurisprudential Polyphony: The Three Variations on the Positivist Theme in the 19th Century Stephen C. Neff L’influence du positivisme sur la doctrine volontariste et objectiviste en droit international : plus qu’un facteur de rapprochement ? Eric Wyler L’histoire du droit international est-elle compatible avec les théories positivistes? Jean-Louis Halpérin III. ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ORDER / ORIGINE ET EVOLUTION DE L’ORDRE JURIDIQUE INTERNATIONAL Quelques réflexions sur les origines historiques de l’ordre juridique international Pierre-Marie Dupuy The Light that Failed: The Future of Human History Philip Allott Brèves remarques sur les origines du droit international Eric David Les origines du droit international public et le concept de discours fondateur Slim Laghmani Contra pluralitatem principatuum : trois critiques du système dit westphalien (formulées avant la paix de Westphalie) Bruno Arcidiacono Le cheminement historique des organisations internationales : entre technocratie et démocratie Anne Peters Recherches sur le fondement de la légitimité judiciaire Jorge Viñuales IV. NON-WESTERN TRADITIONS AND THE BURDEN OF COLONISATION / LES TRADITIONS NON-OCCIDENTALES ET LE POIDS DE LA COLONISATION Multi-Civilizational International Law in the Multi-Centric 21st Century World: Transformation of West-Centric to Global International Law as Seen from a Trans-Civilizational Perspective Onuma Yasuaki Aux origines du droit international : la conquête de l’Amérique François Rigaux Des origines coloniales du droit international : à propos du droit des gens moderne au 18ème siècle Emmanuelle Jouannet Considérations sur le droit international public des anciennes cultures extra-européennes et ultra-méditerranéennes Robert Kolb Les traités d’alliance avec les infidèles : l’« infâme » précédent du Traité de Jaffa du 18 février 1229 entre Frédéric II et le Sultan d’Egypte Al-Kamil Giovanni Distefano A propos de deux clichés sur l’histoire du droit international en Asie de l’est : une reconsidération de l’ordre mondial chinois et du discours de traités inégaux Shotaro Hamamoto Bibliography Peter Haggenmacher / Bibliographie Peter Haggenmacher

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Book SynopsisThe traditional conception of security as national security against military threats has changed radically since the adoption of the UN Charter in 1945. The perceived nature and sources of threats have been widened as well as the objects of protection, now including individuals, societies, the environment as such and the whole globe. In International Law and Changing Perceptions of Security the contributors reflect on whether and how changing concepts and conceptions of security have affected different fields of international law, such as the use of force, the law of the sea, human rights, international environmental law and international humanitarian law. The authors of this book have been inspired by Professor Said Mahmoudi to which this Liber Amoricum is dedicated.Table of ContentsPreface; List of Abbreviations; Academic Writings of Said Mahmoudi; The Use of Force under the UN Charter: Modification and Reform through Practice or Consensus Ove Bring Regulating Private Military and Security Companies Iain Cameron The Mandate of the United Nations Security Council in a Changing World Hans Corell Who is Responsible and for How Long? Final Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel and the Obligation to Prevent Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons - A Swedish Perspective Per Cramér Social-Ecological Security and International Law in the Anthropocene Jonas Ebbesson Nonviolent Geopolitics: Law, Politics, and 21st Century Security Richard Falk The Progression of International Law in Fostering the Extraterritorial Prosecution of Child Sex Tourist Offences David I Fisher Margin of Appreciation and National Security Pär Hallström Syria and the Issue of Chemical Weapons. A Snapshot of a Legal Time-frame: the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2118 (2013) and the OPCW Executive Council Decision Marie Jacobsson International Law in the Age of Asymmetrical Warfare, Virtual Cockpits and Autonomous Robots Mark Klamberg Climate Change and International Security Timo Koivura Law of Sustainable Development in the Jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice Abdul G. Koroma Minerals as Scarce Resources: the Quest for Secure and Sustainable Supply David Langlet The Security Council, the African Union and the International Criminal Court: Anatomy of a Problematic Relationship Phoebe Okowa Off-shore Wind Energy Development in International Law Tullio Scovazzi and Ilaria Tani The Human Security of Endangered Peoples. Indigenous Groups Living in Isolation and First Contact Dinah Shelton Towards an International Human Rights Judiciary? Geir Ulfstein Intervention in National and Private Cyberspace and International Law Pål Wrange Human Rights before Security in Kadi and Beyond Inger Österdahl About the Contributors; Index.

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Book SynopsisResolving Conflicts in the Law, edited by Chiara Giorgetti and Natalie Klein, honours the work of Professor Lea Brilmayer whose intellectual contribution and influence span scholarly debate and the practice of both public and private international law. The book’s essays are from leading international law scholars and practitioners in the field—including Michael Reisman, Stephen Schwebel, Erin O’Connor O’Hara, John Crook, Philippa Webb, Kermit Roosevelt, Harold Koh—and reflect on contemporary and cutting-edge questions of international law. Each contribution enriches and advances scholarly debate on topics of law for which Lea Brilmayer is well known, including: international dispute settlement; conflicts of law; international relations theory; secession and territorial and maritime sovereignty.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Professor Lea Brilmayer: Biographical Note Professor Lea Brilmayer: Selected Publications Notes on Contributors 1 “This is your wake-up call”: Lea Brilmayer’s Impact as a Scholar and Teacher  Chiara Giorgetti and Natalie Klein 2 Lea Brilmayer: How Contacts Count  Harold Hongju Koh 3 Professor Brilmayer and the Third Restatement  Kermit Roosevelt III 4 Choice-of-Law Rules as Geographic Scope Limitations  Carlos M. Vázquez 5 Forum non Conveniens: Recent Developments at the Intersection of Public and Private International Law  Philippa Webb 6 Meddling in Internal Affairs: The Boundaries of Non-Intervention in a World without Boundaries  W. Michael Reisman 7 Jurisprudential Space Junk: Treaties and New Technologies  Rebecca Crootof   8 Recognition, Rewards, and Regime Change  William J. Moon 9 Functional State Recognition and International Economic Law  Kathleen Claussen 10 Why Sub-State Groups Are Endowed with Rights  Laura S. Underkuffler 11 Why International Organizations are Accountable to You  Eyal Benvenisti 12 Are International Mass Claims Commissions the Right Mechanism to Provide Redress to Individuals Injured under International Law?  Chiara Giorgetti 13 Land and Sea: Resolving Contested Land and Disappearing Land Disputes under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea  Natalie Klein 14 Professor Lea Brilmayer and the Quest for Evidence from Space  John Crook 15 The Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission’s Partial Awards on Eritrea’s and Ethiopia’s Diplomatic Claims  Robert G. Volterra 16 The Misinterpretation and Misapplication of the Minimum Standard of International Law  Stephen M. Schwebel 17 Conflict of Laws: A Recipe for Transformative Contributions  Erin O’Hara O’Connor

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Book SynopsisThis book analyses the historical significance of rivaling concepts of world order in 20th century East Asia. It discusses in detail the relationship of territoriality and political rule, discourses of amity and enmity, and finally the role of hegemoniality in the process of imaging a possible postnational world in twenty-first century East Asia and beyond.Trade Review"In the book, Matten makes a significant contribution to the study of international relations by clarifying the differences between place, territory, and space. [...] From today's perspective, Matten's book deserves repeated reading--not only for the historical facts, but also for the glimpses of hope." Tze-ki Hon, City University of Hong Kong, Frontiers of History in China 12.2, August 2017 "This book excels at delving into classic canons, key documents, and historical context. [...] What makes this book an engaging read is the way Matten traces the shifting emphases of political concepts through research grounded in specific contexts. [...] This study is intellectual history at its best. The author examines theoretical concepts not in splendid isolation but with an eye to historical circumstances. [...] This admirable study ends with a reflection on the resurgence of tianxia discourse in the contemporary world. [...] Matten expresses the hope that as a viable alternative, the postnational tianxia may contribute to the rethinking of idealist theories of international relations, of hegemony without domination, and of culture rather realpolitik as a significant factor in forging a peaceful world order." Ban Wang, Stanford University (MCLC Resource Center Publication [Copyright September, 2018])Table of ContentsPreface & Acknowledgements ix List of Figures xi Introduction 1 1 Space, Territory, and National Sovereignty in Modern East Asia 13 2 Reconceptualizing World Order after the Tribute System 32 3 The Legal Principle of National Sovereignty in Modern East Asia 79 4 The Territoriality of National Sovereignty 112 5 Fighting the White Peril: Japan’s Turn to Spatiality 162 6 Pacifying the Hostis: China’s Return to Ecumenical Morality 225 7 Lessons from the Past: Visions of World Order Today 277 Conclusion 299 Bibliography 307 Index 357

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Book SynopsisIn this work, Christopher Chen examines and compares the regulation of over-the-counter derivatives in Hong Kong and Singapore, the two largest international financial centres in Asia Pacific. Chen analyses current or proposed regulations on trade reporting, centralised clearing and mandatory exchange trading mandates regarding OTC derivatives against the backdrop of reforms of international financial regulatory structure after the global financial crisis. The article also relates the reforms in Asia to development in major Western markets such as the US, the UK or the European Union. Apart from technical comparison and dissecting of content of rules from different angles, his work also examines the rationale behind those reforms and policy concerns behind Asian adoption of the regulatory mandates prescribed by G20 as well as potential policy concerns (such as competition and extraterritoriality) in a market that is dominated by Western banks.

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Book SynopsisIn August 2015, international legal scholars and expert practitioners from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden gathered to discuss contemporary issues of international law from a Nordic perspective: Do the “shared Nordic values” extend to embrace a common perspective on international law and policy beyond the Nordic region? And do international legal scholars in the Nordic countries share a professional outlook enabling us to speak of a distinct “Nordic approach to international law”? This book contains a selection of the conference papers, which all address aspects of Nordic approaches to international law - varying significantly in terms of subject area, methodology and style. The book is relevant to international legal scholars in the Nordic countries and beyond.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Nordic Approaches to International Law? Astrid Kjeldgaard-Pedersen; Nostalghia: A Nordic International Law Gregor Noll; Diplomats, Professors, and then Some: Notes for a History of International Law in 20th Century Finland Martti Koskenniemi; Dag Hammarskjöld and the “Ambetsmanna” Approach to UN Cooperation Ove Bring; Nordic Judges of the Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice Astrid Kjeldgaard-Pedersen; A Nordic Approach to the Interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights? Jens Elo Rytter; Who Cares about International Law? A Study of how Scandinavian Judges’ Cite International Law and Courts Marlene Wind; The Effect of the Judgments of the ECtHR before the National Courts – A Nordic Approach? David Thor Björgvinsson; The implementation of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in the Nordic Countries: A New Comprehensive Criminalization of Serious Crimes Thordis Ingadottir; In the Line of Fire: Denmark and Law and Legitimacy in 21st Century War of Choice Anders Henriksen; Communities of Interest in the Nordic Management of International Watercourses Julie Gjørtz Howden; A Nordic Approach to Promoting Women’s Rights within International Law: Internal v. External Perspectives Cecilia M. Bailliet; Conspicuous Absence and Mistaken Presence - A Note on the Ambiguous Role of Scandinavian Legal Realism in Nordic Approaches to International Law Jakob v.H. Holtermann; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis treatise investigates the emergence of the early modern law of nations, focusing on Alberico Gentili’s contribution to the same. A religious refugee and Regius Professor at the University of Oxford, Alberico Gentili (1552–1608) lived in difficult times of religious wars and political persecution. He discussed issues that were topical in his lifetime and remain so today, including the clash of civilizations, the conduct of war, and the maintenance of peace. His idealism and political pragmatism constitute the principal reasons for the continued interest in his work. Gentili’s work is important for historical record, but also for better analysing and critically assessing the origins of international law and its current developments, as well as for elaborating its future trajectories.Table of ContentsForeword by David Sugarman F.R. Hist. S. Preface Acknowledgments List of Illustrations Abbreviations Note on Terminology and Translations 1 The Varied Fortunes of Alberico Gentili  1.1Introduction  1.2Methodological Framework  1.3Chapter Plan  1.4The Fame and Fortunes of Alberico Gentili  1.5The State of the Art  1.6Key Challenges  1.7Conclusions 2 The Adventurous Life of Alberico Gentili  2.1Introduction  2.2The Early Years in San Ginesio  2.3Studying Law at the University of Perugia  2.4The Italian Reformation  2.5Gentili’s Religious Belief  2.6Fleeing to London  2.7The Oxonian Years  2.8Family Life  2.9Advocate at the Admiralty Court  2.10Conclusions 3 Gentili, International Law, and the Humanities  3.1Introduction  3.2The Sixteenth-Century Revolution in the Methodology of Law  3.3From Mos GallicusandMos Italicus towards theUsus Modernus  3.4Gentili’s Sources  3.5Gentili’s Method  3.6Gentili and the Humanities  3.7The Gentilian Sonnets  3.8Debating Theatre in Elizabethan England  3.9Dialectical Antinomies  3.10Conclusions 4 Gentili and the Law of Nations  4.1Introduction  4.2The Founder(s) of International Law  4.3The Notion of International Community  4.4The Notion ofIus Gentium  4.5Diplomatic Law  4.6The Settlement of International Disputes  4.7The Secularization of Legal Theory  4.8Final Remarks 5 Gentili and the Law of War  5.1Introduction  5.2De iure belli   5.2.1 Defining War   5.2.2 The Causes of War   5.2.3 Neutrality   5.2.4 TheIus in Bello233   5.2.5 TheIus Post Bellum239  5.3Freedom of Religion  5.4Preventive War  5.5The Balance of Power  5.6Critical Assessment  5.7Conclusions 6 Gentili and the Law of the Sea  6.1Introduction  6.2The Sea: Between Freedom and Sovereignty   6.2.1 The Freedom of the High Seas   6.2.2 The Territorial Sea   6.2.3 Impact  6.3The Freedom of Communication, Movement and Commerce   6.3.1 The Freedom of Communication   6.3.2 The Freedom of Movement   6.3.3 The Freedom of Commerce  6.4Piracy and Privateering  6.5Advocacy at the High Court of Admiralty  6.6Critical Assessment  6.7Conclusions 7 Gentili and the Injustice of Empire  7.1Introduction  7.2Cultural Diversity and the Law of Nations   7.2.1 The Challenge of Cultural Diversity   7.2.2 Slavery and Freedom   7.2.3 Gross Violations of Natural Law   7.2.4 Critical Assessment  7.3The (Il)legitimacy of European Expansion   7.3.1 Discovery   7.3.2 Occupation   7.3.3 Ius Praedicandi369   7.3.4 Freedom of Movement   7.3.5 Just War   7.3.6 Converging Divergences  7.4The Roman Model: Empire or Commonwealth?   7.4.1 The Wars of the Romans   7.4.2 Diverging Interpretations   7.4.3 International Law and Empire  7.5TheRegales Disputationes   7.5.1 The Emergence of Absolutism and the Royal Disputations   7.5.2 Conceptualizing Sovereignty   7.5.3 The Royal Prerogative   7.5.4 Taming the Leviathan?   7.5.5 Critical Assessment   7.5.6 Epilogue: Gentili and Hobbes  7.6Critical Assessment  7.7Conclusions 8 Alberico Gentili and Hugo Grotius  8.1Introduction  8.2Comparing Gentili and Grotius’ Respective Works  8.3Diverging Writing Styles  8.4On Method  8.5Converging Arguments?  8.6Critical Assessment  8.7Conclusions Conclusions Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisNon-discrimination is a fundamental principle of international human rights law. This volume discusses the international legal framework on this principle and comparatively elaborates the definition of discrimination as well as the grounds of discrimination in the various general and specialised international human rights treaties, including the International Labour Organisation conventions. The element of special measures as an integral aspect of this principle is also raised. A comparative discussion on the incorporation of international standards on the principle of non-discrimination established in the international treaties in regional as well as national human rights frameworks is also set forth to provide practical illustrations of the application of these standards in more specific and localised perspectives. Selected regional frameworks discussed are the African, American and European human rights regional frameworks and the national frameworks are South Africa and Brazil.

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Book SynopsisPositive measures to prevent and remedy discrimination have been adopted in many parts of the world. By comparing the scope and form of such measures in different legal systems, we can gain a better perspective on our own system, and appreciate possible new approaches. This book compares positive anti-discrimination measures in the United States, India, Brazil, South Africa, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the European Union.Table of ContentsThe Ubiquity of Positive Measures for Addressing Systemic Discrimination and Inequality: A Comparative Global Perspective  David B. Oppenheimer  Abstract  Keywords  Introduction  Part 1: Positive Measures and Labor/Employment Law  Part 2: Positive Measures in Higher Education  Part 3: Parity Democracy – State Legislative Bodies  Part 4: Positive Measures and Corporate Boards  Part 5: Conclusion – The Global Ubiquity of Positive Measures  Acknowledgements  Bibliography

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Book SynopsisIn The Exploitation of Marine Genetic Resources in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction, Valérie Wyssbrod identifies the legal regime applicable to these promising resources aimed at developing new products. The author then addresses the questions of establishing a specific new regime and several alternatives. Dans L’exploitation des ressources génétiques marine hors juridiction nationale, Valérie Wyssbrod détermine le régime juridique actuellement applicable à ces ressources prometteuses pour le développement de nouveaux produits. Elle traite ensuite de l’établissement d’un nouveau régime spécifique et de ses alternatives.Table of ContentsAvant-propos Foreword Préface Liste des figures Table des abréviations Introduction Partie 1: Contexte général Préambule 1 Les ressources génétiques d’un point de vue scientifique  i Introduction  ii La notion biologique de « ressources génétiques »  iii La notion biologique de « ressources génétiques marines »  iv Les différents écosystèmes contenant des ressources génétiques marines  v Conclusion 2 Les enjeux découlant de l’exploitation des ressources génétiques marines  i Introduction  ii L’exploitation des ressources génétiques marines et la pêche classique  iii Les ressources génétiques et les biotechnologies  iv L’utilisation des ressources génétiques marines  v Les enjeux politiques de la réglementation de l’exploitation des ressources génétiques marines issues d’espaces situés au-delà des zones sous juridiction nationale des États  vi Conclusion Partie 2: Le cadre juridique existant Préambule 3 Notions juridiques  i Introduction  ii Res nullius et res communis  iii La notion de liberté de la haute mer  iv Le concept de « patrimoine commun de l’humanité »  v Conclusion 4 Les ressources génétiques d’un point de vue juridique  i Introduction  ii La notion juridique de ressources génétiques  iii La notion juridique de « ressources génétiques marines »  iv Conclusion 5 Le droit des brevets  i Introduction  ii Les brevets selon l’Accord sur les Aspects des Droits de Propriété Intellectuelle qui touchent au Commerce (adpic) (1994)  iii La brevetabilité des ressources génétiques  iv La brevetabilité des ressources génétiques marines  v Conclusion 6 Le droit spécifique à la diversité biologique  i Introduction  ii La Convention sur la Diversité Biologique  iii Les Lignes directrices de Bonn en tant qu’instrument de soft law  iv Le Protocole de Nagoya  v L’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture  vi La Convention sur le commerce international des espèces de faune et de flore sauvages menacées d’extinction (cites)  vii Conclusion 7 Le droit de la mer  i Introduction  ii La Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer (cnudm) 1982  iii Les accords relatifs à l’application de la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer  iv Le Traité sur l’Antarctique  v Les commissions internationales et régionales des pêches  vi Conclusion 8 Les régimes juridiques des ressources marines en dehors de la juridiction nationale des etats  i Introduction  ii La réglementation de la recherche scientifique marine  iii La réglementation des ressources biologiques (pêche)  iv La réglementation des ressources minérales  v La réglementation des objets archéologiques  vi Conclusion 9 Le régime juridique applicable aux ressources génétiques marines  i Introduction  ii Le régime applicable aux ressources génétiques sur un territoire sous juridiction nationale  iii Le régime applicable aux ressources génétiques en haute mer et sur/dans les fonds marins  iv Conclusion 10 Les écolabels  i Introduction  iii Les types d’écolabels  iv La protection des écolabels  v Conclusion Partie 3: Un nouveau regime et ses alternatives Préambule 11 La création d’un nouveau régime  i Introduction  ii Un régime unique pour les ressources génétiques des grands fonds marins et de la colonne d’eau  iii La forme du nouveau régime juridique  iv Les avantages et les désavantages d’un nouveau régime  v Les modèles du nouveau régime juridique  vi Les principaux axes du régime  vii La gestion et l’application du régime  viii Conclusion 12 Application d’un autre régime existant  i Introduction  ii Les difficultés relatives à l’amendement de la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer  iii Les alternatives à un nouveau régime  iv Conclusion 13 Les mesures de soft law  i Introduction  ii Utiliser un instrument de Soft Law  iii Les avantages et les désavantages de la soft law pour l’exploitation des ressources génétiques marines  iv Conclusion 14 La mise en place d’un ecolabel  i Introduction  ii Créer un écolabel pour les produits à base de ressources génétiques marines  iii Le choix du type d’écolabel et sa protection par la marque  iv Les avantages et les inconvénients du système des écolabels  v Conclusion Conclusion Annexe 1: Table des définitions Annexe 2: Schéma taxinomique Bibliographie Index

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Book SynopsisIn 1999, the Alliance mistakenly bombed the Chinese embassy in Belgrade. Around the same period, allegations were made regarding its involvement in human trafficking and forced prostitution in Bosnia-Herzegovina. A decade later, NATO airplanes hit a fuel truck causing significant civilian casualties in Kunduz, Afghanistan. After more than 60 years of existence and a track-record of more than 30 missions performed worldwide, it is surprising that there is still uncertainty on the scope and content of NATO’s responsibility for wrongful conduct during its military operations. This timely book deals with the international responsibility of NATO during military operations. It examines, the status of the Alliance, the existence of international obligations and conditions of attribution of conduct in NATO.Table of ContentsList of Figures VI List of Abbreviations Table of cases 1Introduction  1.1 The Concept of International Responsibility  1.2 Research Objective and Research Questions  1.2.1Research Objective  1.2.2Research Questions  1.3 Methodology and Materials  1.4 Object of Study  1.5 Outline of the Study 2 Three Illustrative Cases – Facts and Questions  2.1 Introduction  2.2 Case 1: Human Trafficking and Forced Prostitution in Kosovo  2.2.1Background, Legal Framework of the Operation and Command Relationships  2.2.2Status of Forces  2.2.3Background of the Incident  2.2.4Reaction by nato, tcns and / or Others  2.3 Case 2: Detention Operations in ISAF  2.3.1Background, Legal Framework of the Operation and Command Relationships  2.3.2Status of Forces  2.3.3Background of the Incident  2.3.4Reaction by nato, tcns and / or Others  2.4 Case 3: Kunduz Incident  2.4.1Background, Legal Framework of the Operation and Command Relationships  2.4.2Background of the Incident  2.4.3Reaction by nato, tcns and /or Others 3 Overview of the Key Moments in the Development of NATO  3.1 Introduction  3.2 NATO from 1949 until 1989  3.3 NATO in the Period after the Cold War  3.4 Conclusions 4 Current Institutional Framework of NATO and NATO’s Decision Making Process  4.1 Introduction  4.2 Current Institutional Framework of NATO  4.2.1Introduction  4.2.2The Civilian Structure  4.2.3The Military Structure  4.3 The Relationship between NATO and Its Member States and the Decision-making Process  4.3.1Consensus-rule  4.3.2Planning Process of nato Operations  4.3.3The Command and Control Relationship  4.4 The Relationship between NATO and the UN  4.5 Conclusions 5 The International Legal Personality of NATO  5.1 Introduction  5.2 Indicia of the Existence of International Legal Personality  5.3 The International Legal Personality of NATO  5.4 Jurisprudence of International Courts and Tribunals  5.5 State Practice and Practice of International Organizations  5.6 Conclusions 6 Binding International Obligations Relevant to NATO’s Operations  6.1 Introduction  6.2 International Obligations under NATO’s Constitutional Documents  6.3 International Obligations under the UN Charter  6.4 International Obligations under Conventional Law  6.4.1Conventional International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law  6.4.2Mission-SOFAs between nato and the Host State  6.4.3Memoranda of Understanding between nato and tcns  6.5 International Obligations under Customary Law  6.5.1International Obligations under Customary IHL  6.5.2International Obligations under Customary ihrl  6.6 Internal and External Rules of NATO  6.7 Conclusions 7 Attribution of Wrongful Acts to NATO  7.1 Introduction  7.2 Attribution of Wrongful Acts of Agents and Organs of NATO  7.3 Attribution of Conduct of Organs or Agents Placed at the Disposal of NATO  7.4 Multiple Attribution of Wrongful Conduct in NATO-led Operations  7.5 Conclusions 8 Conclusions and Recommendations  8.1 Introduction  8.2 Analysis of the Three Illustrative Cases  8.2.1Human Trafficking and Forced Prostitution in Kosovo  8.2.2Detention Operations in isaf  8.2.3Kunduz Incident  8.3 Final Conclusions  8.4 Recommendations Appendix Index

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Book SynopsisIn The Requirement of Consultation with Indigenous Peoples in the ILO, María Victoria Cabrera Ormaza examines the law-making and interpretive practice of the International Labour Organization (ILO) relating to indigenous peoples with a particular focus on the consultation requirement established by Article 6 of ILO Convention No. 169. Taking into account both the mandate and institutional characteristics of the ILO, the author explains how the ILO understands the notion of consultation with indigenous peoples and outlines the flaws in its approach.Table of ContentsForeword Acknowledgements List of Acronyms Introduction  1 Setting the Scene: The ilo and the Perennial Uncertainty around the Requirement of Consultation with Indigenous Peoples  2 Research Questions and Methodology  3 Structure of the Book 1 General Background  1 The ilo and Its Standard System in a Nutshell   1.1 The ilo’s Broad Mandate   1.2 Tripartism   1.3 The ilo Functioning   1.4 International Labour Standards   1.5 ilo Supervisory System  2 Historical Development of ilo Standards Concerning Indigenous Peoples   2.1 Standards on Indigenous Workers   2.2 Concern for Indigenous Populations in ilo Regional Conferences   2.3 Standards on ‘indigenous populations’ and the Question of ilo Competence   2.4 Criticism against ilo Convention No. 107 and the Genesis of Convention No. 169 2 Consultation with Indigenous Peoples: Conception and Normative Dimensions  1 The Notion of Consultation in the ilo Regime  2 Overview of the Provisions on Consultation in ilo Convention No. 169  3 History of the Concept of Consultation with Indigenous Peoples   3.1 Early Developments in the Context of ilo Convention No. 107   3.2 Debates Within the Development Process of ilo Convention No. 169  4 Dimensions of the Concept of Consultation with Indigenous Peoples   4.1 Consultations with Indigenous Organizations during the Negotiation of Convention No. 169   4.2 Consultation as a Guiding Principle of ilo Convention No. 169   4.3 The Human Rights Dimension of the Requirement of Consultation  5 Conclusions and Outlook 3 State Practice  1 Preliminary Considerations   1.1 Incorporation of International Norms   1.2 The Need for the Adoption of Implementing Legislation   1.3 The Role of National Courts  2 State Practice on Consultation among States Parties to ilo Convention No. 169   2.1 Convention No. 169 as a Support for Democracy in Latin America   2.2 Convention No. 169 in the Commonwealth of Nations: Dominica   2.3 Scandinavian Countries: Progress in Consultation Mechanisms   2.4 Asia and Oceania: Consultation in a Contested Terrain   2.5 Convention No. 169 in the Central African Republic: Consultation in a Context of Armed Conflict in Africa  3 Comparison and Conclusions 4 Practice of the ilo Supervisory Bodies  1 Regular Reporting System (Art. 22 of the ilo Constitution)   1.1 The ceacr and its Contested ‘interpretive functions’   1.2 Examination of State Reports Concerning ilo Convention No. 169: Procedural Aspects   1.3 Possibility for Indigenous Peoples to Provide Comments on State’s Reports   1.4 The Requirement of Consultation with Indigenous Peoples in the Jurisprudence of the ceacr  2 Debates over Consultation Within the cas 132  3 Consultation with Indigenous Peoples in the Context of Representations (Art. 24 of the ilo Constitution)   3.1 Tripartite Committees’ General Approach   3.2 The Requirement that Consultation Should be Prior   3.3 Subjects Entitled to Consultation and the Question of Indigenous Representation   3.4 Measures to be Consulted on with Indigenous Peoples  4 Conclusions and Outlook 5 Consultation with Indigenous Peoples in International Human Rights Law  1 The Requirement of Consultation and Free, Prior and Informed Consent under the un System of Human Rights   1.1 Indigenous Peoples in the un in a Nutshell   1.2 The Requirement of Consultation and Free, Prior and Informed Consent under the undrip   1.3 Consultation and Free, Prior and Informed Consent in the Practice of the Human Rights Treaty Bodies   1.4 Consultation and Free, Prior and Informed Consent in the Work of the un Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples   1.5 Consultation and Free, Prior and Informed Consent in the Studies of the Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples  2 The Notion of ‘consultation’ with Indigenous Peoples in Regional Human Rights Systems   2.1 The Contribution of the Inter-American System of Human Rights   2.2 Indigenous Peoples and the Question of Consultation in the African Human Rights System  3 Evaluation   3.1 Consultation with Indigenous Peoples, an Evolving Norm of Customary International Law?   3.2 A Treaty Norm vs. a Customary Rule on Consultation with Indigenous Peoples   3.3 Consultation with Indigenous Peoples as a General Principle of International Law 6 Overall Assessment  1 Reconsidering Flexibility  2 Rectifying Indeterminacy   2.1 The Option of a Supplementary Recommendation to ilo Convention No. 169   2.2 A Resolution of the International Labour Conference   2.3 A Need for an icj Advisory Opinion?   2.4 Clarification by the International Labour Office   2.5 The Failed Attempt to Undertake a General Survey on ilo Convention No. 169   2.6 Standard Review Mechanism 1  3 Revisiting the Interpretive Practice of ilo Supervisory Bodies   3.1 The Inappropriateness of the Current Interpretive Approach   3.2 A Human Rights-Oriented Interpretive Approach to ilo Convention No. 169  4 Institutional Considerations   4.1 Re-reading the ilo Mandate   4.2 The ilo Cooperation with the un in the Promotion of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights   4.3 A Special Committee to Deal with C169? Conclusions List of References Index

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Book SynopsisWinner of the 2019 CEU Award for Outstanding Research The book explores the making of Romanian nation-state citizenship (1750-1918) as a series of acts of emancipation of subordinated groups (Greeks, Gypsies/Roma, Armenians, Jews, Muslims, peasants, women, and Dobrudjans). Its innovative interdisciplinary approach to citizenship in the Ottoman and post-Ottoman Balkans appeals to a diverse readership.Trade Review“a sophisticated exploration of the creation of Romania during the long nineteenth century, examined from the perspective of the development and evolution of citizenship […] the book is impeccably edited and handsomely produced.” Paul Michelson, in Slavic Review (2020) "Iordachi’s book on the practice of citizenship is an important work that researchers concerned with legislation as a means of social regulation cannot afford to ignore. It also provides a solid starting point for further analysis of state-building processes in the modern period." Mara Mărginean, George Barițiu Institute of History, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, in Journal of Romanian Studies issue 3.1 (2021), pp 121-3.Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments List of Figures Introduction: Liberal Citizenship: an Interdisciplinary Approach Part 1 From the Old Regime to the Nation-State: Toward a Unified Moldo-Wallachian Citizenship, c. 1750–1858 1 The Greek “Proto-Question” and the Birth of Modern Citizenship 2 “Restoring” the Regime of Nobility Estates: Citizenship under the Organic Regulations, 1821–1858 3 The Slavery Question: Abolitionism and the Emancipation of Roma, 1831–1856 4 The Romanian Question: the Great Powers, “European Public Law” and the Union of the Principalities, 1856–1858 Part 2 Peasants into Romanians: the Construction of Romanian National Citizenship, 1859–1866 5 Emulating the Second French Empire: the State-National Citizenship Model, 1859–1866 6 Shifting to an Ethno-National Citizenship Model: the Regime of Constitutional Nationalism Part 3 Constitutional Nationalism and Minorities, 1866–1918 7 The Jewish Question: the Exclusion of Jews from Citizenship 8 The Internationalization of the Jewish Question: Actors and Networks, 1866–1879 9 Duties without Rights: Jews under Constitutional Nationalism, 1879–1913 10 The Woman Question: Gender, Property, and Citizenship 11 The Dobrudjan Question: Constitutional Nationalism and the Assimilation of a Border Region, 1878–1914 12 Liberalism Renewed: War, Civil Society, and Emancipation, 1913–1918 13 The Language of Citizenship: Imperial Legacies, Legal-Political Concepts, and Historical Time Conclusions Appendix Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe Chinese (Taiwan) Yearbook of International Law and Affairs includes articles and international law materials relating to the Republic of China on Taiwan and contemporary Asia-Pacific issues. This volume provides insight into the South China Sea Arbitration, cross-strait relations and Taiwan's New Southbound Policy. Questions and comments can be directed to the editorial board of the Yearbook by email at yearbook@nccu.edu.twTable of ContentsPreface  Ying-jeou Ma Special Section: The South China Sea Arbitration Some Remarks on the South China Sea Award: Itu Aba versus Clipperton  Gerhard Hafner From Dangerous Ground to Safe Playground: A Revisit to Fishery Co-operation in the South China Sea  Dustin Kuan-Hsiung Wang The July 12 Award on the Historic Titles, Historic Rights and Impacts on State Practices in the South China Sea  Nguyen Thi Lan Anh China’s Non-Participation Approach toward the South China Sea Arbitration  Yen-Chiang Chang The Significance of China’s Rejection of the South China Sea Arbitration for Its Approach to International Dispute Settlement and International Law  Julian Ku Articles Enforcing the United Nations Security Council’s Arms Embargo on the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea: A Case Study of the Legal Consequences of the Chong Chon Gang Incident  Alonso E. Illueca Dean v. Lord Advocate and the Non-Refoulement Principle at the Margins  Stephen Allen “Go South” Going South? Assessing Taiwan’s “New Southbound” Policy and the China Factor in Southeast Asia  Bo-jiun Jing Book Reviews Francis Snyder, Food Safety Law in China: Marking Transnational LawBrill/Nijhoff, 2016, 36 + 584 pp  Ching-Fu Lin A New International Legal Order. Edited by Chia-Jui Cheng, Brill/Nijhoff, 2016. vii + 345 Contemporary Practice and Judicial Decisions of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Relating to International Law,  Compiled by Chun-i Chen, Pasha L. Hsieh, Pei-Lun Tsai, Chun-Liang Lai, I-Hon Hsiao, and Kai-Chih Chang, with the Assistance of Lee & Li Attorneys-at-Law   Explanatory Note  I International Law in General  II Subjects of International Law  III International Organizations  IV Individuals  Territory and Territorial Jurisdiction  VI State Responsibility  VII The Law of the Sea, Environment, Health, and Aviation   South China Sea  VIII The Law of Treaties  IX Diplomatic, Consular, and Similar Relations  X Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes  XI Arms Control, Use of Force, and International Criminal Law  XII International Economic Relations  XIII Private International Law  XIV Cross-Strait Relations  XV Others Treaties/Agreements Concluded by the Republic of China (Taiwan) with Other Countries and Organizations in 2016  Compiled by Chun-i Chen, Pasha L. Hsieh, and Pei-Lun Tsai   Chronological list   Selected Texts   Canada   Nicaragua   United Kingdom   United States Index Guidelines for Submissions to the Chinese (Taiwan) Yearbook of International Law and Affairs

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Book SynopsisIn Religion and belief in United Kingdom employment law, Frank Cranmer discusses the relationships between religion and employment in the wider context. It is a particularly complex area of law that touches on a wide variety of issues, ranging from the basic question, ‘exactly what constitutes a “religion” or “belief”?’ to ‘what kinds of religious dress do my employees have a right to wear to work?’ and ‘what religious standards – if any – can I, as an employer, demand of my employees?’. The purpose of the study is to provide an overview of some of the current issues and problems surrounding the law relating to employment by religious organisations and the manifestation of religion in the workplace. Because the complexity of the law means that individual outcomes in disputed cases are often depend heavily on the facts, it does so primarily by examining recent case-law.

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Book SynopsisIn Addressing Corruption Allegations in International Arbitration, Brody K. Greenwald and Jennifer A. Ivers provide a comprehensive overview of the key issues that arise in international arbitrations involving allegations of corruption by drawing upon their significant experience in these high-stakes cases, including in the only two reported investment treaty cases dismissed specifically as a result of corruption. Their monograph is a valuable resource that analyzes, among other things, the public policy against corruption, the requirements for establishing corruption, issues relating to the burden and standard of proof, how corruption has been proved in practice, and the legal consequences where corruption is established. Mr. Greenwald and Ms. Ivers also assess issues that arise where a sovereign State raises an arbitration defense based on alleged corruption, but does not prosecute the alleged wrongdoers in its domestic courts.Table of ContentsAddressing Corruption Allegations in International Arbitration  Brody K. Greenwald and Jennifer A. Ivers  Abstract  Keywords  I Introduction  I Despite Longstanding Efforts to Combat Corruption, It Remains Endemic in Much of the World  I The Requirements for Establishing Corruption  V The Burden and Standard of Proof for Allegations of Corruption  V From Theory to Practice: Proving Corruption in Investment Arbitration  I The Consequences of Corruption in International Arbitration  I Objections Based on Attribution and Estoppel Where the State Does Not Prosecute the Alleged Corruption  I Conclusion  Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the South China Sea Arbitration between the Philippines and China, widely hailed as a landmark case in the law of the sea. Stefan Talmon argues that while the Tribunal assembled international lawyers of the highest repute and unrivalled experience, the case was nevertheless decided wrongly. He examines every step of the proceedings and critically engages with both the Philippines’ submissions and the Tribunal’s rulings. He finds that the Tribunal was lacking jurisdiction to decide the case, that some of the Philippines’ claims were also inadmissible, and that the Tribunal’s awards were tainted with procedural errors.Table of ContentsPreface List of Tables and Maps Abbreviations Table of Cases Table of Treaties and International Instruments Table of National Instruments Glossary of Place Names Map 1: The South China Sea 1 History of the South China Sea Arbitration  1 Disputes in the South China Sea  2 Initiation of Arbitration Proceedings by the Philippines  3 China’s Rejection of the Arbitration  4 Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal  5 Designation of the Permanent Court of Arbitration as Registry  6 China’s Default of Appearance  6.1 Default of Appearance in Historical Perspective  6.2 The Consequences of Default of Appearance  7 The Politics of Arbitration  8 The Proceedings  8.1 The Written Proceedings  8.2 The Decision on Bifurcation  8.3 The Hearing on Jurisdiction and Admissibility  8.4 The Final Submissions  8.5 The Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility  8.6 The Hearing on Outstanding Questions of Jurisdiction and Admissibility and the Merits  8.7 Post-hearing Proceedings  8.8 The Final Award  9 Costs of the Arbitration  10 The Parties’ Position on the Arbitral Award 2 The Philippines’ Statement of Claim  1 Introduction  2 Lack of Jurisdiction of the Arbitral Tribunal  2.1 Limited Subject-Matter Jurisdiction  2.1.1 Lack of Dispute between the Parties  2.1.2 Subject-Matters outside the Jurisdiction of the Tribunal  2.2 Ipso Jure Limitations on Jurisdiction  2.3 Optional Exceptions to Jurisdiction  3 Inadmissibility of the Claims  3.1 Obligation to Exchange Views  3.2 Commitment to Other Means of Dispute Settlement  4 Other Objections of a Preliminary Character  4.1 Indispensable Third Parties  4.2 Abuse of Legal Process  5 Conclusion 3 The Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility  1 Introduction  2 Jurisdiction of the Arbitral Tribunal  2.1 Dispute Concerning the Interpretation or Application of the Convention  2.1.1 Existence of a Dispute  2.1.2 Nature of the Dispute  2.2 Indispensable Third Party  2.3 Obligation to Exchange Views  2.3.1 Purpose and Content of the Obligation  2.3.2 Exchange of Views with Regard to the Subject-Matter of Individual Submissions  3 Admissibility of the Claims  3.1 New Claims  3.1.1 Formal Amendment of the Statement of Claim  3.1.2 Introduction of New Claims  3.2 Hypothetical Disputes  3.2.1 Assumption of Chinese Sovereignty over Scarborough Shoal  3.2.2 Assumption of Chinese Sovereignty over All Islands in the Spratly Islands  4 Procedural Questions  4.1 Deferment of Unclear Submissions  4.2 Conditional Findings of Jurisdiction  4.3 Classification of Objections as Not Possessing an Exclusively Preliminary Character  4.3.1 The Options to Deal with Preliminary Objections  4.3.2 Determining the Character of a Preliminary Objection  4.3.3 The Tribunal’s Treatment of Possible Objections to Its Jurisdiction  4.4 Production of New Documents  5 Conclusions 4 The Final Award  1 Introduction  2 Jurisdiction of the Arbitral Tribunal  2.1 Disputes over Claims Involving Historic Titles  2.1.1 Historic Titles, Historic Waters and Historic Rights  2.1.2 Meaning of ‘Historic Titles’ in Article 298(1)(a)(i) unclos  2.1.3 Misrepresentation of China’s Claim as a Claim to Historic Rights to the Living and Non-living Resources within the Nine-Dash Line  2.1.4 China’s Claim to Territorial Sovereignty over the Spratly Islands since Ancient Times  2.1.5 Ancient Title to the Spratly Islands Archipelago  2.1.6 The Relationship between Historic Waters of Archipelagos and unclos  2.1.7 Disputes over Claims to Historic Waters of Archipelagos as Disputes Involving Historic Title  2.1.8 Conclusion  2.2 Disputes Relating to Sea Boundary Delimitation  2.2.1 Chinese Maritime Zones Based on the Spratly Islands Archipelago  2.2.2 Chinese Maritime Zones Based on Individual High-Tide Features in the Spratly Islands  3 Admissibility of Claims and the Exhaustion of Local Remedies  4 Procedural Questions  4.1 The Principle of Non Ultra Petita  4.2 Last-Minute Judicial Fact-Finding  5 Conclusions 5 Beyond the South China Sea Arbitration  1 Possible Aftereffects of the Philippines’ Tactical Admissions  1.1 Introduction  1.2 The Tactical Admission of Chinese Sovereignty over Scarborough Shoal  1.3 Tactical Admissions and the Principle of Good Faith  1.4 Legal Effects of Tactical Admissions  1.4.1 Binding Unilateral Declaration  1.4.2 Estoppel by Conduct  1.4.3 Legitimate Expectations  1.4.4 Preclusion of Inconsistent Positions  1.4.5 Weakening of the Contrary Position  1.5 Conclusion  2 The ‘Finality’ of the Tribunal’s Final Award  2.1 Introduction  2.2 Meaning of Finality of Arbitral Awards  2.3 Lack of Finality of Judicial Pronouncements on International Law  2.4 Means to Call into Question the Substantive Finality of Arbitral Awards  2.4.1 International Legislation  2.4.2 Conflicting State Practice  2.4.3 Subsequent Agreements between the Parties  2.4.4 Diverging Decisions by Other Courts and Tribunals  2.5 State Reactions Calling into Question the Finality of the Findings on Article 121(3) unclos  2.5.1 Silence or Outright Opposition to the Tribunal’s Findings  2.5.2 Partisan Endorsements of the Tribunal’s Findings  2.5.3 Continuing Contrary State Practice  2.6 Previous Jurisprudence Calling into Question the Finality of the Findings on Article 121(3) unclos  2.7 Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn The Organisation of the Anthropocene, J. E. Viñuales explores the legal dimensions of the currently advocated new geological epoch called the Anthropocene, in which humans are the defining force. He examines in this context two basic propositions. First, law as a technology of social organisation has been neglected in the otherwise highly technology-focused accounts by natural and social scientists of the drivers of the Anthropocene. Secondly, in those rare instances where law has been discussed, there is a tendency to assume that the role of law is to tackle the negative externalities of transactions (e.g. their environmental or social implications) rather than the core of the underlying transactions, i.e. the organisation of production and consumption processes. Such focus on externalities fails to unveil the role of law in prompting, sustaining and potentially managing the processes that have led to the Anthropocene.Table of ContentsThe Organisation of the Anthropocene  Jorge E. Viñuales  Abstract  Introduction  Part 1: Law in the Anthropocene Narrative  Part 2: Ingraining Nature in Law  3.1 Overview  3.2 Law Detached from Nature  3.2.1 An (Un-)Intended Consequence of Legal Positivism  3.2.2 Illustration: Conceptions of Property  3.3 The Horizon of Law in the Anthropocene  3.3.1 Hans Jonas and the Horizon of Ethics  3.3.2 The Task for Law  3.4 Revisiting Foundational Concepts  3.4.1 Transactions-Externalities: The External Logic of   Environmental Law  3.4.2 Illustrations: Conceptions of Sovereignty and   Causality  Part 3: Accounting for Inequality  3.1 Overview  3.2 Legal Organisation of Production  3.2.1 Organising Production for the Industrial   Revolution  3.2.2 The Law of Business Organisation  3.2.3 Structuring Labour Relations  3.2.4 Pollution and Third Parties  3.3 Asymmetric International Exchange Systems  3.3.1 The British Atlantic System  3.3.2 The Legal Organisation of Trade  3.4 Operationalising Historical Responsibility  3.4.1 Level and Time-horizon  3.4.2 Industrialisation and the Historical Debt towards   Africans  3.4.3 The Legal Representation of Future Generations  3.4.4 Present Allocations: Common but Differentiated   Responsibilities  Part 4: Legal Organisation of the Transition  3.1 Overview  3.2 Adaptive Legal Systems  3.3 Promoting or Hindering the Transition  3.4 Legitimising the Transition  Conclusion: A Research Agenda  Select Bibliography

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Book SynopsisIn Political Theology and International Law, John D. Haskell offers an account of the intellectual debates surrounding the term ‘political theology’ in academic literature concerning international law. Beneath these differences is a shared tradition, or genre, within the literature that reinforces particular styles of characterising and engaging predicaments in global politics. The text develops an argument toward another way of thinking about what political theology might offer international law scholarship—a politics of truth.Table of ContentsPolitical Theology and International Law  John D. Haskell  Abstract  Keywords  Acknowledgement  1 Introduction  2 A Christian Heritage in Perilous Times  3 Varieties of Post-Foundationalism  4 The Void in Context  5 Conclusion  Bibliography

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Book SynopsisInternational law’s turn to history in the Americas receives invigorated refreshment with Christopher Rossi’s adaptation of the insightful and inter-disciplinary teachings of the English School and Cambridge contextualists to problems of hemispheric methodology and historiography. Rossi sheds new light on abridgments of history and the propensity to construct and legitimize whiggish understandings of international law based on simplified tropes of liberal and postcolonial treatments of the Monroe Doctrine. Central to his story is the retelling of the Monroe Doctrine by its supreme early twentieth century interlocutor, Elihu Root and other like-minded internationalists. Rossi’s revival of whiggish international law cautions against the contemporary tendency to re-read history with both eyes cast on the ideological present as a justification for misperceived historical sequencing.

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Book SynopsisListen to the New Books Network Podcast! The phrase, “state of nature”, has been used over centuries to describe the uncultivated state of lands and animals, nudity, innocence, heaven and hell, interstate relations, and the locus of pre- and supra-political rights, such as the right to resistance, to property, to create and leave polities, and the freedom of religion, speech, and opinion, which may be reactivated or reprioritised when the polity and its laws fail. Combining intellectual history with current concerns, this volume brings together fourteen essays on the past, present and possible future applications of the legal fiction known as the state of nature. Contributors are: Daniel S. Allemann, Pamela Edwards, Ioannis D. Evrigenis, Mary C. Fuller, David Singh Grewal, Francesca Iurlaro, Edward J. Kolla, László Kontler, Grant S. McCall, Emile Simpson,Tom Sparks, Benjamin Straumann, Karl Widerquist, Sarah Winter, and Simone Zurbuchen.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Notes on Contributors  Introduction   Mark Somos and Anne Peters 1 Thucydides, Hobbes, and the Melian Dialogue   Benjamin Straumann 2 Missing Terms in English Geographical Thinking, 1550–1600   Mary C. Fuller 3 Do Shepherds Live in a State of Nature? From Peculium to Civilization   Francesca Iurlaro 4 After Vitoria Natural Law and the Spanish Ideology of Empire   Daniel S. Allemann 5 Fleeing “Polyphemus’s Den” Locke’s State of Nature as Sanctuary   Ioannis Evrigenis 6 Invisible People The State of Nature in Hugo Grotius’ Account of Global Legal Order   Emile Simpson 7 From the State of Nature to the State of Economy Pufendorf on Commerce and Natural Law   David Singh Grewal 8 The State of Nature, the Family and the State   Simone Zurbuchen 9 Written in the Hearts of People? Natural and International Law during the Age of Enlightenment   Edward J. Kolla 10 From Natural Equality to Frankpledge The State of Nature, Ancient Constitutionalism, and the Rupture of the Social Contract in Eighteenth-Century Antislavery Writings   Sarah Winter 11 From the State of Nature to the Natural State Transforming the Foundations of Science and Civil Progress in Eighteenth-Century British Political Thought   Pamela Edwards 12 Their Own State(s) of Nature The Enlightenment Social Imaginary and the Invention of Hungarian Ethnic Origins   László Kontler 13 The Place of the Environment in State of Nature Discourses Reassessing Nature, Property and Sovereignty in the Anthropocene   Tom Sparks 14 The State of Nature, Prehistory, and Mythmaking   Karl Widerquist and Grant S. McCall Index

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Book SynopsisThis first volume of the AIIB Yearbook of International Law (AYIL), edited by Peter Quayle and Xuan Gao, is based upon the inaugural 2017 AIIB Legal Conference, both titled, Good Governance and Modern International Financial Institutions (IFIs). Following a Preface by the General Counsel of the AIIB and General Editor of AYIL, Gerard Sanders, and an Introduction by the Editors, this volume of AYIL draws upon expertise from other IFIs, international law and governance practitioners, and eminent academics. It is divided into three parts to reflect a series of dimensions to the good governance of IFIs. Firstly, the role of the membership of IFIs as expressed through their executive governance organs. Second, the legal basis of governance of IFIs. And third, the interaction around governance between IFIs and external stakeholders. This volume concludes with the text of the 2017 AIIB Law Lecture, delivered by the United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs and Legal Counsel, Miguel de Serpa Soares on the subject of ‘The Necessity of Cooperation between International Organizations’ and a summary report on the proceedings of the 2017 AIIB Legal Conference. The first volume of AYIL was launched at the Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors of the AIIB in Mumbai, India, June 2018.Table of ContentsPreface  Gerard Sanders Introduction: Good Governance and Modern International Financial Institutions  Peter Quayle and Xuan Gao Part 1: The Governance Role of the Boards of International Financial Institutions 1 Board Effectiveness in International Financial Institutions: A Comparative Perspective on the Effectiveness Drivers in Constituency Boards  Stilpon Nestor 2 Gender Diversity on Boards: A Cause for Multilateral Organizations  Marie-Anne Birken and Gian Piero Cigna 3 International Financial Institution Governance: The Role of Shareholders  Whitney Debevoise Part 2: The Governance Basis of International Financial Institutions 4 The Rule of Law in the International Monetary Fund: Past, Present and Future  Yan Liu 5 Governance of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank in Comparative Context  Natalie Lichtenstein 6 The Evolving Jurisprudence of the International Administrative Tribunals: Convergence or Divergence?  Joan S. Powers Part 3: The Governance Vocation of International Financial Institutions 7 Open Data for Development: The World Bank, Aid Transparency, and the Good Governance of International Financial Institutions  Catherine E. Weaver 8 The Making of Global Public Authorities: The Role of IFIs in Setting International Labor Standards  Yifeng Chen 9 The World Bank’s Sanctions System: Using Debarment to Combat Fraud and Corruption in International Development  Pascale Hélène Dubois, J. David Fielder, Robert Delonis, Frank Fariello and Kathleen Peters Part 4: 2017 AIIB Law Lecture 10 The Necessity of Cooperation between International Organizations  Miguel de Serpa Soares Part 5: 2017 AIIB Legal Conference Report 11 AIIB Legal Conference Report  Christopher Smith

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Book SynopsisIn Re-Situating Utopia Matthew Nicholson argues that international law and international legal theory are dominated by a ‘blueprint’ utopianism that presents international law as the means of achieving a better global future. Contesting the dominance of this blueprintism, Nicholson argues that this approach makes international law into what philosopher Louis Marin describes as a “degenerate utopia” – a fantastical means of trapping thought and practice within contemporary social and political conditions, blocking any possibility that those conditions might be transcended. As an alternative, Nicholson argues for an iconoclastic international legal utopianism – Utopia not as a ‘blueprint’ for a better future, operating within the confines of existing social and political reality, but as a means of seeking to negate and exit from that reality – as the only way to maintain the idea that international law offers a path towards a truly better future.Table of ContentsRe-Situating Utopia  Matthew Nicholson Abstract  Keywords  Acknowledgements  Introduction: Blueprints and Iconoclasm  Part 1: Iconoclastic Utopianism, or “Exiting the Series”  Part 2: Blueprints  Part 3: Utopia, “Degenerate Utopia,” and Disneyland  Part 4: Towards “World Other”  Bibliography

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Book SynopsisIn Adapting Watercourse Agreements to Developments in International Law: The Case of the Itaipu Treaty Maria A. Gwynn offers an account of the need to align watercourses agreements to the current standards and principles of international law, thereby increasing prospects for achieving sustainable development. As a case study, the author focuses on the most important hydroelectrical energy treaty in the South American region and astutely explores its implementation together with states’ practices regarding the non-navigational uses of watercourses and their commitments to environmental protection. The analysis offers a unique opportunity to assess the value of the UN Watercourses Convention in recommending states adapt their agreements to the provisions of the convention promoting equitable and reasonable uses of watercourses; an interest not only for the treaty partners but also for river basin states and the international community as a whole.Table of ContentsAdapting Watercourse Agreements to Developments in International Law The Case of the Itaipu Treaty  Maria A. Gwynn Abstract  Keywords  Part 1: Introduction  Part 2: The Itaipu Dam Project: Its Challenges and Advantages  Part 3: Advancement in International Watercourses and Environmental Law  Part 4: Implementation of the Itaipu Treaty and the Energy Policy Paradox in Paraguay: A Case for Updating the Treaty?  Part 5: Disputes Relating to International Watercourses Decided by the International Court of Justice  Part 6: Conclusion  Dedication  Acknowledgements  Bibliography

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Book SynopsisThis book questions the critical attitude that is informing the critical histories that have been flourishing since the ‘historical turn’ in international law. It makes the argument that the ‘historical turn’ falls short of being radically critical as the abounding critical histories which have come to populate the international literature over the last decades continue to be orchestrated along the very lines set by the linear historical narratives which they seek to question and disrupt, thereby repressing the imagination of international lawyers. It makes the point that the critical histories that have accompanied the ‘historical turn’ have contributed to the repression of disciplinary imagination just like other linear disciplinary histories. This book argues that the critical histories must move beyond a mere historiographical attitude and promotes radical historical critique in order to unbridle disciplinary imagination.Table of ContentsThe Critical Attitude and the History of International Law  Jean d’Aspremont  Abstract  Keywords  1 Markers, Periodization, Causal Sequencing, effet du réel and the Writing of Historical Narratives  2 The Rise of Disciplinary Histories in International Law  3 The ‘Historical Turn’ and the Burgeoning of Critical Histories  4 The Continuous Complacency of Contemporary Critical Histories  5 The Impossibility of Critical Historiography and the Idea of Radical Historical Critique  6 Concluding Remarks  Bibliography

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Book SynopsisArbitration clauses in investment treaties often provide investors with a choice between ICSID arbitration, on the one hand, and rules originally drafted for commercial arbitration on the other. The Use of Commercial Arbitration Rules in Investment Treaty Disputes studies how domestic courts and commercial arbitration institutions impact the scope of arbitral tribunal jurisdiction when commercial arbitration rules are used. Based on extensive studies of court decisions and previously-unknown arbitral awards, Joel Dahlquist’s book analyses the practice of domestic courts in reviewing treaty-based jurisdiction, and explains how the two most used commercial arbitration institutions – the ICC and the SCC – have drafted, interpreted and applied their arbitration rules in treaty-based disputes.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Figures Abbreviations Introduction 1 The Research Focus and Its Context  1 Introduction  2 The Bigger Picture  3 First Focus: Domestic Courts’ Interpretation of Treaty-Based Arbitral Tribunal Jurisdiction  4 Second focus: Commercial Arbitration Institutions and Treaty-Based Arbitral Tribunal Jurisdiction  5 Outline 2 Commercial Arbitration Rules in Investment Treaties - A Historic Background  1 The (Very) Early Treaty Practice: ICSID Monopoly  2 The Early Years at ICSID  3 The Rise of Non-ICSID Rules  4 Two Potential Explanations  5 Interim Conclusion 3 Domestic Courts and Lex Loci Arbitri in Treaty-Based Arbitration: Challenges of Awards  1 Challenges of Investment Treaty Arbitration Awards – The Legal Framework  2 Specifijic Issues Arising from Challenges in Domestic Courts  3 Consequences of Challenging Treaty-Based Awards in Domestic Courts 4 Investment Treaty Disputes at Commercial Arbitration Institutions  1 Organization  2 The Arbitration Rules  3 “Jurisdictional” Considerations by Institutions  4 Emergency Arbitration  5 Discussion: The Scope of Institutional Decision-Making 5 Conclusions  1 Introduction  2 Lex Loci Arbitri – the Domestic Anchor  3 Internal Fragmentation  4 Future Outlooks – on the Desirability of Non-ICSID Rules in Investment Arbitration  5 Concluding Remarks

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Book SynopsisLaunched in 1965, the Australian Year Book of International Law (AYBIL) is Australia’s longest standing and most prestigious dedicated international law publication. The Year Book aims to uniquely combine scholarly commentary with contributions from Australian government officials. Each volume contains a mix of scholarly articles, invited lectures, book reviews, notes of decisions by Australian and international courts, recent legislation, and collected Australian international law state practice. It is a valuable resource for those working in the field of international law, including government officials, international organisation officials, non-government and community organisations, legal practitioners, academics and other researchers, as well as students studying international law, international relations, human rights and international affairs. It focuses on Australian practice in international law and general international law, across a broad range of sub-fields including human rights, environmental law and legal theory, which are of interest to international lawyers worldwide.

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Book SynopsisLaunched in 1965, the Australian Year Book of International Law (AYBIL) is Australia’s longest standing and most prestigious dedicated international law publication. The Year Book aims to uniquely combine scholarly commentary with contributions from Australian government officials. Each volume contains a mix of scholarly articles, invited lectures, book reviews, notes of decisions by Australian and international courts, recent legislation, and collected Australian international law state practice. It is a valuable resource for those working in the field of international law, including government officials, international organisation officials, non-government and community organisations, legal practitioners, academics and other researchers, as well as students studying international law, international relations, human rights and international affairs. It focuses on Australian practice in international law and general international law, across a broad range of sub-fields including human rights, environmental law and legal theory, which are of interest to international lawyers worldwide.

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Book SynopsisThe Selection and Removal of Arbitrators in Investor-State Dispute Settlement explores and assesses two essential features in investor state dispute resolution (ISDS): the selection and the removal of arbitrators. Both topics have received increasing scrutiny and criticism, that have in turn generated calls for reforms In its first part, the book explains the selection of arbitrators procedurally and comparatively under the most-often used arbitration rules.

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Book SynopsisReforming the United Nations - Fit for Purpose at 75? - examines the efforts of Secretary-General, António Guterres, to improve the aging organisation during 2017-2019. On development, the global network was repositioned better to assist countries. On peace and security, the Secretariat was reorganised with a focus on conflict prevention. On management, the paradigm centred on decentralisation and accountability. Other priorities addressed sexual exploitation in peacekeeping and gender parity. The detail analysis of the reform process highlights the positions of the United States, Russia, China, the Group of 77 and the European Union. Official records are used. The Guterres reform was respectable by improving efficiency and effectiveness. Reform proposals did not, however, address fundamental problems including Security Council reform.Table of ContentsPreface Abbreviations List of Figures 1 Short History of UN Reform  1.1 Early Years, 1946–1953   1.1.1 Trygve Lie of Norway  1.2 Cold War and North-South Conflict, 1953–1991   1.2.1 Dag Hammarskjöld of Sweden   1.2.2 U Thant of Burma   1.2.3 Kurt Waldheim of Austria   1.2.4 Javier Pérez de Cuéllar of Peru  1.3 Rediscovery and Challenges, 1992–2016   1.3.1 Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt   1.3.2 Kofi Annan of Ghana   1.3.3 Ban Ki-moon of South Korea  1.4 Reform of the Security Council 2 Secretary-General António Guterres: A Difficult Start and Early Reform Priorities  2.1 US President Donald Trump  2.2 Guterres’s Early Reform Initiatives  2.3 Sexual Exploitation and Abuse   2.3.1 New Approach   2.3.2 Fifth Committee Review and the Member States’ Position   2.3.3 Approval of the ga Resolution on Sexual Exploitation and Abuse   2.3.4 Voluntary Compact and Circle of Leadership  2.4 Gender Parity   2.4.1 System-Wide Strategy on Gender Parity  2.5 Towards a Comprehensive Reform Agenda   2.5.1 Declaration on UN Reform 3 Development Pillar  3.1 Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (QCPR)   3.1.1 Independent Team of Advisors   3.1.2 QCPR Landmark Resolution 71/243  3.2 Repositioning the UN Development System: First Report (A/72/124-E/2018/3)   3.2.1 ECOSOC and the Second Committee of the GA Consider the First Report on the UN Development System  3.3 Repositioning the UN Development System: Second Report (A/72/684–E/2018/7)   3.3.1 ECOSOC Review of Reform Proposals   3.3.2 Intergovernmental Consultations within the Framework of the ga   3.3.3 Reform Resolution 72/279   3.3.4 UNCT   3.3.5 UNRC   3.3.6 Regional Approach   3.3.7 Funding the UN Development System   3.3.8 Follow-up on the Repositioning Efforts of the UN Development System  3.4 Member States’ Positions  3.5 Funding Compact  3.6 DESA and Regional Commissions 4 The Peace and Security Pillar  4.1 The High-Level Advisory Board on Mediation  4.2 Budget Pressure  4.3 Restructuring of the Peace and Security Architecture: First Report (A/72/525)   4.3.1 Intergovernmental Consultations   4.3.2 Approval of the First Report by ga Resolution 72/199  4.4 Restructuring the Peace and Security Architecture: Second Report (A/72/772)   4.4.1 Review by the acabq   4.4.2 Approval of the Second Report  4.5 Member States’ Positions  4.6 Action for Peacekeeping (A4P)   4.6.1 The Secretary-General Launched A4P   4.6.2 The Declaration of Shared Commitments on UN Peacekeeping Operations   4.6.3 A Peacekeeping Task Force to Support A4P   4.6.4 A4P Champions 5 The Management Pillar  5.1 A New Management Paradigm: First Reports (A/72/492, A/72/492/Add.1)   5.1.1 Staff Were Briefed on Management Reform   5.1.2 The New Management Paradigm and Planning and Budget Process Are Issued   5.1.3 Review by the acabq   5.1.4 The Assembly Endorses the New Management Paradigm and Approves the New Planning and Budgetary Process  5.2 The New Management Paradigm: Second Report (A/72/492/Add.2)   5.2.1 The Second Report on the New Management Paradigm Is Issued   5.2.2 ACABQ Review of the New Management Architecture   5.2.3 The Secretary-General Briefs Member States on the New Management Paradigm   5.2.4 The Assembly Approves the New Management Paradigm  5.3 Member States’ Positions  5.4 Outstanding Issues: Information and Communication Technology (ICT), The Global Service Delivery Model and Human Resources Management   5.4.1 Information Technology (IT)   5.4.2 The Global Service Delivery model   5.4.3 Human Resources Management 6 Implementation of Reform  6.1 The Implementation Plan  6.2 1 January 2019: Commencement of the Reform  6.3 The Development Pillar   6.3.1 The Second Implementation Report, April 2019   6.3.2 ECOSOC Reviews the Second Implementation Report   6.3.3 The Third Implementation Report, April 2020  6.4 The Member States’ Position  6.5 The Peace and Security Pillar  6.6 The Management Pillar 7 Reforming the United Nations: Fit for Purpose at 75?  7.1 Reform Issues  7.2 The Reform Process and Member States’ Position  7.3 Conclusion Appendix I Short Introduction to the UN  1 Governing Bodies (the GA, the Security Council, ECOSOC, the ACABQ)  2 The Secretariat and Peacekeeping  3 Funds, Programmes, Specialised Agencies and Related Organisations  4 The UN System and the UN Development System Appendix II Chronology of UN Reform Process Appendix III UN Documents  1 Secretary-General’s Reports   1.1 GA-ECOSOC Report A/72/124-E/2018/3, Repositioning the United Nations Development System to Deliver on the 2030 Agenda: Ensuring a Better Future for all, Report of the Secretary-General, 11 July 2017 [See Chapter 3.2]   1.2 GA Report A/72/492, Shifting the Management Paradigm in the United Nations: Ensuring a Better Future for all, Report of the Secretary-General, 27 September 2017 [See Chapter 5.1]   1.3 GA Report A/72/525, Restructuring of the United Nations Peace and Security Pillar, Report of the Secretary-General, 13 October 2017 [See Chapter 4.1]  1.4 GA-ECOSOC Report A/74/73–E/2019/14, Implementation of General Assembly Resolution 71/243 on the Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review of Operational Activities for Development of the United Nations system, 2019, Report of the Secretary-General, 15 April 2019 [See Chapter 6.1]  2. Resolutions  2.1 GA Resolution 71/243, Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review of Operational Activities for Development of the United Nations System, Adopted 21 December 2016, Issued 1 February 2017 [See Chapter 3.1]  2.2 GA Resolution 72/199, Restructuring of the United Nations Peace and Security Pillar, Adopted 20 December 2017, Issued 19 January 2018 [See Chapter 4.1]  2.3 GA Resolution 72/236, Operational Activities for Development of the United Nations System, Adopted 20 December 2017, Issued 18 January 2018 [See Chapter 3.2]  2.4 GA Resolution 72/266 A, Shifting the Management Paradigm in the United Nations, Adopted 24 December 2017, Issued 15 January 2018 [See Chapter 5.1]  2.5 GA Resolution 72/279, Repositioning of the United Nations Development System in the Context of the Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review of Operational Activities for Development of the United Nations System, Adopted 31 May 2018, Issued 1 June 2018 [See Chapter 3.3]  2.6 GA resolution 72/262 C iii, Revised Budget Estimates for the Period from 1 July 2018 to 30 June 2019 Related to the Peace and Security Reform, Adopted 5 July 2018, Issued 18 July 2018 [See Chapter 4.2]  2.7 GA Resolution 72/266 B, Shifting the Management Paradigm in the United Nations, Adopted 5 July 2018, Issued 17 July 2018 [See Chapter 5.2]  2.8 GA Resolution 73/248, Operational Activities for Development of the United Nations System, Adopted 20 December 2018, Issued 14 January 2019 [See Chapter 3.1]  2.9 ECOSOC Resolution 2019/15, Progress in the Implementation of General Assembly Resolution 71/243 on the Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review of Operational Activities for Development of the United Nations System, Adopted 8 July 2019, Issued 12 July 2019 [See Chapter 6.1]  2.10 GA Resolution 74/238, Operational Activities for Development of the United Nations System, Adopted 19 December 2019, Issued 10 January 2020 [See Chapter 6.1]  2.11 GA Resolution 75/1, Declaration on the Commemoration of the Seventy-Fifth Anniversary of the United Nations, 21 September 2020 [See Chapter 7]  3. ACABQ Reports  3.1 GA Report A/72/7/Add.24, Shifting the Management Paradigm in the United Nations: Ensuring a Better Future for all: Improving and Streamlining the Programme Planning and Budgeting Process, Report of the acabq, 22 November 2017 [See Chapter 5.1]  3.2 GA report A/72/859, Revised Budget Estimates for the Period from 1 July 2018 to 30 June 2019 Related to the Peace and Security Reform, Report of the acabq, 8 May 2018 [See Chapter 4.2]  3.3 GA Report A/72/7/Add.49, Shifting the Management Paradigm in the United Nations: Implementing a New Management Architecture for Improved Effectiveness and Strengthened Accountability, Report of the acabq, 25 May 2018 [See Chapter 5.2] Bibliography Index

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