International economics Books

Book SynopsisDieses Buch befasst sich mit der aktuellen Wirtschaftspolitik der Volksrepublik China. Neben einem kurzen Überblick über die Wirtschaftsgeschichte seit der Gründung und den Diskussionen über die Wirtschaftsmodelle, wird sowohl ein Überblick über die Unternehmensformen als auch über den chinesischen Arbeitsmarkt gegeben. Ein besonderes Augenmerk legt das Buch auf die Entwicklung des chinesischen E-Commercesektors. Ebenso bedeutend ist Chinas Umweltproblematik vor dem Hintergrund der Klimakrise. Ohne Innovationen, beispielsweise in der Energiegewinnung und Abfallwirtschaft, wird die chinesische Wirtschaft kaum weiter wachsen können. Daher liegt ein Schwerpunkt des Buches auf der Wirtschaftspolitik im Umweltbereich. Schließlich wird die Außenpolitik inklusive der Seidenstraßeninitiative untersucht. Ziel dieses Buches ist es, die genannten Entwicklungen aufzuzeigen. Es richtet sich an Laien, die im Chinageschäft tätig sind, ebenso wie an Studienanfänger, die einen Überblick über die wirtschaftspolitischen Institutionen und die aktuellen Entwicklungen erhalten möchten.Table of ContentsDatenvalidität.- Wirtschaftsentwicklung seit 1949.- Staatsaufbau.- Wirtschaftspolitische Ziele und Diskurse.- Staatsunternehmen.- Privatunternehmen.- Luxuskonsum.- Arbeitsmarkt.- E-Commerce.- Finanz-und Fiskalpolitik.- Landwirtschaftspolitik und Nahrungsmittelversorgung.- Umweltpolitik.- Energiepolitik.- Außenhandel.

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Book SynopsisDer Brexit hat Großbritannien an den Rand einer Revolution geführt. Das Machtgefüge zwischen Krone, Regierung, Parlament und Volk ist aus dem Gleichgewicht geraten. Ein unabhängiges Schottland und ein vereinigtes Irland sind realistische Optionen. Die Gesellschaft Englands ist tief gespalten und das traditionelle Zwei-Parteien-System im Wanken. Nicht nur die äußere Abkehr des Vereinigten Königreichs von den Werten und Zielen der EU, sondern vor allem die Hinwendung nach innen, auf nationale Identität, macht den Brexit zu einem schleichenden Prozess, der noch nachwirken wird, wenn der Austritt Großbritanniens aus der EU längst vollzogen ist. Das Buch stellt den Folgeband zu „BREXIT – Eine Bilanz“ dar. Unter Berücksichtigung aktuellster Entwicklungen werden mögliche Folgen des EU-Austrittes rekapituliert und neu bewertet. Ausführliche Exkurse zu Themen wie Irland, dem Backstop, Boris Johnson oder der britischen Verfassung liefern dabei essenzielle Hintergrundinformationen aus Bereichen, die den Brexit maßgeblich mitbestimmen. Zusammen mit dem ersten Band bietet dieses Buch die gegenwärtig umfassendste Analyse des Brexit-Prozesses.Table of ContentsDer doppelte Brexit-Aufschub.- Theresa Mays Agonie.- Nein kann nicht die Antwort sein.- Mays Ende fällt in den Juni.- Boris Johnson und die dritte Fristverlängerung.- Boris Johnson am Ziel.- Johnson erhöht den Zeitdruck und baut eine Drohkulisse auf.- Johnson versucht, das Parlament zu umgehen.- Ein neuer Brexit-Vertrag ohne backstop.- Ein neuer Vertrag – alter Wein in neuen Schläuchen?.- Der Weg zu Neuwahlen.- Das Wahlergebnis vom 12. Dezember 2019.- Der Brexit und seine Folgen.- Das Vereinigte Königreich beendet seine Mitgliedschaft in der EU.- Wohin steuert das Vereinigte Königreich?.- Die Republik Irland und Nordirland.- Die EU und ihre Mitgliedstaaten.- USA und Commonwealth.- China, Japan, Russland und die arabische Welt.- Rückblick und Ausblick.

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Book SynopsisDieses Buch bietet eine umfassende Analyse der Corona-Weltrezession und zeigt erstmals auf, wie stark verändert die Weltwirtschaft durch die Corona-Schocks sein wird. Die Europäische Union muss – wie die USA und China – mit dem Corona-Schock mehrere Stress-Tests bestehen: medizinisch, ökonomisch, wirtschaftspolitisch. Gründe für die Sterbequoten werden identifiziert. Die Corona-Schocks bringen politische Enttäuschung über die Seuchenpolitik, z.T. eine Abkehr von der Demokratie. Dabei gibt es in der EU noch das Risiko #Eurokrise2 und Druck zu digitalem Strukturwandel sowie verstärkter Klimapolitik: mit mehr Einkommensungleichheit. Corona-Probleme in den USA sollten zu Gesundheitssystem-Reformen führen, während Deutschland und Österreich fürs Erste die Herausforderung gemeistert haben. Die Corona-Epidemie wird politische Narben hinterlassen. Der EU-Gipfel im Juli 2020 steht für widersprüchliche Politik. Der Westen fällt gegenüber Asien zurück.Table of ContentsCorona-Gesundheitsschock – Seuchengefahr für die Menschheit.- Weltweite Wirtschaftsinstabilität.- Risiko der Euro-Zerfallsdynamik und EU-Aspekte.- Impfförderungsaufgaben und Kooperation sowie globale Führungsfragen.

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Book SynopsisDie Schaffung, Zuordnung und Verwertung von IP-Rechten ist eine der interessantesten Herausforderungen, wenn es um die Steuerplanung und -gestaltung geht. Einer Bandbreite attraktiver Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten stehen nicht unerhebliche Risiken und die politische Forderung nach einer verantwortungsvollen Steueroptimierung gegenüber. Vor dem Hintergrund des gesellschaftlichen, innovativen und gesellschaftlichen Wandels auf nationaler und internationaler sowie sich konkretisierender BEPS-Maßnahmen in der digitalen Wirtschaft fokussieren die Teilnehmer der 5. WCL Frankfurter Tax-Gespräche in zwei Panels und parallel laufenden Workshops in diesem Band vor allem die Auswirkungen verschiedener Strategien im digitalen Business.Table of ContentsTagungsbericht zur 5. WCLF Konferenz Tax and Intellectual Property 2019 in Frankfurt am Main.- AutomatedDecision-Making in Swedish Tax Law and the GDPR.- Taxeson Software in Brazil.- The Permanent Establishment.- From beps action 1 to the unified approach: where is the oecd heading?.- Digital Taxation on the Verge of BEPS 2.0.- VAT reform in Brazil.- Tax aspects of the establishment of R&D centers in Greece.- Behandlung von Digital Tax Strategies, Restriktionen und Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten als Innovationsmotor.- Digitalsteuer in Europa.- Neue steuerrechtliche Anknüpfungspunkte im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung – Daten u. Datenbanken.- Digitization, Data Protection and its challenges using the example of the tax consultant industry.- Distributed Ledger Technologien – Die steuerliche Behandlung tokenisierter Vermögenswerte.

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Book SynopsisAfrika ist ein Kontinent im Aufschwung, der eine große wirtschaftliche Dynamik entwickelt. Wenn deutsche Unternehmen am Aufschwung Afrikas partizipieren wollen, müssen sie mit einigen Besonderheiten vertraut sein. Das Buch zeigt diesen Weg zu erfolgreichen Geschäften in Afrika. Es ist ein praxisorientierter, gleichwohl wissenschaftlich fundierter Ratgeber für alle Unternehmer und wirtschaftlich Interessierten, die in Afrika erfolgreich sein wollen. Es vereint dabei die Erfahrungen vieler Unternehmen mit der wissenschaftlichen Perspektive und den Erkenntnissen des Centre for Business und Technology in Africa der Hochschule Flensburg.In der 2. Auflage werden neue Entwicklungen auf dem afrikanischen Kontinent aufgegriffen und aktuelle Antworten gegeben auf die klassischen Fragen, die jeder Akteur für sich beantworten muss, der in Afrika wirtschaftlich erfolgreich sein will: WARUM Afrika für das Geschäft interessant ist, WO die größten Erfolgsaussichten bestehen, WIE vorzugehen ist und WELCHE Ansätze zur künftigen Gestaltung der Wirtschaftsbeziehungen zwischen Deutschland und Afrika erfolgsvorsprechend sind.Das Buch beschreibt, wie in Afrika investiert werden kann und bündelt die aktuellen Erfahrungen von Managern großer Konzerne und Familienunternehmen mit langjähriger Geschichte auf dem Kontinent.Table of ContentsAfrika hat Potenzial.- Afrika ist nicht gleich Afrika.- Investieren in Afrika, aber richtig.- Das Konzept steht.- Ein Ausblick und fünf Thesen.

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Book SynopsisDieses Lehrbuch gibt einen kompakten und verständlichen Überblick über alle wichtigen Institutionen, Funktionen, Rahmenbedingungen und Geschäfte der Bankwirtschaft. Darüber hinaus werden die Entstehung und die weitreichenden Auswirkungen der Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise bis in die heutige Zeit diskutiert.Die Überarbeitung für diese Neuauflage reflektiert insbesondere die Bedeutung der Megatrends Digitalisierung (inkl. im Zahlungsverkehrsgeschäft), Nachhaltigkeit sowie Demografie für das Bankgeschäft und bringt zudem alle gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen auf den aktuellen Rechtsstand.Kurze Lerneinheiten, übersichtliche didaktische Module sowie die begleitende Lernkontrolle sorgen für eine nachhaltige Wissensvermittlung. Das Buch richtet sich damit an alle Leser, die sich mit Fragen der Bankwirtschaft im Rahmen ihrer Aus- und Weiterbildung (auch im Nebenfach) sowie ihrer beruflichen Praxis auseinandersetzen.Table of ContentsGrundfunktionen der Kreditinstitute.- Bankensystem im Überblick.- Strukturveränderungen und deren Auswirkungen auf das Bankgeschäft.- Ausgewählte Rahmenbedingungen zur Durchführung von Bankgeschäften.- Aktivgeschäfte.- Passivgeschäfte.- Wertpapiergeschäft.- Zahlungsverkehrsgeschäft (Inland).

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Book SynopsisDieses essential gibt wertvolle Hinweise zur Zusammenarbeit mit Firmen und Geschäftspartnern in Indien und eröffnet Möglichkeiten zur optimalen Nutzung der Chancen, die dieses faszinierende Land bietet. Der Leser erhält einen interessanten und lebendigen Überblick über Land und Leute sowie Informationen zu den Besonderheiten bei der Kommunikation, Verhandlungsführung oder beim Konfliktmanagement in Indien. Die Autoren erläutern ausführlich, wie man Fallstricke im menschlichen Miteinander vermeidet und Geschäfte mit indischen Partnern zum Erfolg führt – von der Ankunft am Flughafen bis zum Abendessen im Restaurant.Table of ContentsReligion, Kasten, Kultur, Bildung.- Kommunikation und Kontaktpflege.- Gesprächs- und Verhandlungsführung.- Firmengründung und Gesellschaftsformen in Indien.- Dienstreisen in Indien und Besucherbetreuung in Deutschland.

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Book SynopsisIn diesem leicht verständlichen Werk sind zwanzig Jahre interkulturelle Führungs- und Organisationsforschung des GLOBE Projekts auf das Wesentliche zusammengefasst und für den Einsatz in der Praxis globaler Führung und Organisation aufbereitet. Die GLOBE Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Führungsforschung, der Kulturforschung und weiterer globaler Studien über interkulturelle Führung erläutert. Durch zahlreiche Anwendungsbeispiele und Gestaltungsansätze erfahren Sie, wie man mit GLOBE Ergebnissen erfolgreich arbeiten kann.Einige der inhaltlichen Highlights mit starkem Praxisbezug•• Universelle und kulturspezifische Merkmale effektiver Führung•• Entwicklung von Führungsleitbildern in globalen Unternehmen•• internationales 360 Grad Feedback•• deutsche Führungskultur im weltweiten Vergleich•• was macht Gesellschaftskulturen besonders attraktiv für Organisationen?•• effektive internationale Führung von CEOsTrade Review“... Der umfassende Anhang enthält wesentliche Zahlen, Daten und Fakten der GLOBE-Studie. Der Autor geht über reines Rezeptwissen hinaus und ermöglicht es dem Leser, die eigenen interkulturellen Fragestellungen auf Basis solider theoretischer Erkenntnisse und weltweiter empirischer Ergebnisse zu analysieren und passende Lösungen zuzuführen. In jeder Hinsicht eine lohnenswerte Lektüre.” (Professor Dr. Karlheinz Schwuchow, in: Wirtschaftspsychologie aktuell, Heft 1, 2016)“... klar und verständlich, gibt Praxistipps und Beispiele, Zusatzinformationen in Form von Exkursen sowie erläuternde Hinweise, wo sinnvoll. Zahlreiche Tabellen und Grafiken visualisieren dabei Ergebnisse, Daten und Fakten und machen Zusammenhänge nachvollziehbar ...” (in: PARLA, parla.de, 26. Januar 2016)“... sehr verständlich geschriebenen und dennoch allen wissenschaftlichen Ansprüchen genügenden Buch geschafft, die GLOBE Ergebnisse zusammenzufassen. ... die Studie und vor allem ihre Ergebnisse knapp genug, um sich in 1-2 Stunden einen hervorragenden Überblick zu verschaffen, dargestellt. Dabei helfen auch Abbildungen und Tabellen sehr ... Ein MUSS für Wissenschaftler und Studierende der Wirtschaftspsychologie und der Wirtschaftswissenschaften und für Praktiker in Personal- und Führungskräfteentwicklung ...” (R. Van Dick, in: Amazon.de, 14. Januar 2016)Table of ContentsVorwort.- 1 Führung: Soziale Einflussnahme auf andere.- 2 Kultur: Fundament und Folge des menschlichen Handelns.- 3 Interkulturelle Führungsforschung.- Das GLOBE-Projekt: Fragestellung und Methoden.- 5 Ergebnisse der GLOBE-Studie.- 6 Entwicklung internationaler bzw. globaler Führungsleitbilder.- 7 Internationale Führungskräfteentwicklung mit 360-Grad-Feedback.- 8 Internationale Mitarbeiterbefragung (MAB).- 9 Interkulturelle Passung und Attraktivität.- Anhang.

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Book SynopsisThis volume explores relations between socialist planned economies of Central and East European countries and capitalist market economies of neutral states in Europe during the Cold War. It focuses on the significant role of neutral countries as path-breakers in building East-West contacts.

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Book SynopsisThis SME Competitiveness Outlook assesses the impact of conflict and fragility on business performance. It unveils a Fragility Exposure Index, and shows that fragility, as experienced by firms, can be reduced by 25% if they take actions to reinforce competitiveness. These include engaging with business support organizations, improving financial management and retaining skilled staff. The report finds that direct support to firms is helpful and must be complemented by reforms to promote peace and stability and improve the business environment. Humanitarian partners, development agencies and capable state institutions must collaborate, coordinate and have a deep understating of the context to avoid reinforcing the drivers of fragility, and maximize positive outcomes

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Book SynopsisThis publication provides statistics on the production of about 600 major industrial commodities. Data are provided for the ten-year period of 2003-2012 for approximately 200 countries and territories. The commodities have been selected on the basis of their importance in world production and trade. The yearbook provides data on the quantities and values of industrial production for the major industrial commodities.

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Book SynopsisThis report shows how sustainability standards can be a powerful tool for post-pandemic recovery. It traces the origin of sustainability standards, their evolution from niche to mainstream, and industry trends. Companies use them widely in their value chains. Investor choices and government policies are also being shaped by these standards

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Book SynopsisOur services sectors are key to an economic transformation. This report calls them 'connected services. Transport and logistics, financial services, information and communication technologies, and business and professional services contribute directly to economic growth - with an increasing share of output, trade and jobs. These sectors also contribute indirectly, making other firms more competitive by connecting them to global value chains and digital innovations. For example: in regions with high quality connected services, 44% of all companies' export, compared with 19% of firms where the quality of connected services is lower. Connected services spur inclusive growth that is favorable for small businesses, including those led by women and young people. Yet most small firms in developing countries do not access them easily. This report explores the measures that companies, business support organizations and policymakers must take to help connected services flourish - to benefit all firms, foster more prosperous economies and build more inclusive societies

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Book SynopsisPharmaceuticals, baby food, cotton clothing and cars are the four focus value chains of this report. Together they are poised to increase intra-regional trade in Africa, reduce imports, diversify economies and create jobs for women and youth. The sectors were selected from 94 promising value chains and reflect African goals to improve food security, health and tech skills, making them strategic choices for governments and investors. This report offers insights to improve trade in such sectors, based on extensive data analysis and interviews with 10,000 firms, business support organizations, industry experts and other stakeholders in Africa. It recommends actions for growth and transformation across the African continent

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Book SynopsisThis publication was prepared by the UNCTAD secretariat to commemorate the first three decades of the Trade and Development Report (TDR) - UNCTAD's main flagship publication - whose first edition was published in 1981.Part one of this publication traces the key issues relating to the global economy and development strategies discussed in various TDRs over the past three decades. It also shows how the ideas, analytical perspectives and policy proposals expressed in the TDR have differed from "mainstream" thinking, and how they have evolved in response to new challenges arising from global economic developments.The salient features reviewed in this publication are: the concept of interdependence, which has shaped the TDRs' policy analyses and recommendations over three decades; the approach of the TDR to macroeconomic and financial policies in both developed and developing countries; the TDRs' contribution to the debate about the shortcomings and the need for reform of global governance in trade, finance and macroeconomics; the TDRs' assessments of the failures and successes of development policy, as well as their recommendations for development strategies, taking into account lessons from past experiences; and Issues that remain topical and others that may become relevant for analysis in future TDRs.Part two of the publication comprises the contributions of the experts who participated in a panel discussion on "Thinking Development: Three Decades of the Trade and Development Report", a pre-Conference event for UNCTAD XIII, which took place in Geneva on 20 February 2012.

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Book SynopsisThe 2014 edition reviews recent trends in the world economy, examining the consistency and sustainability of the economic policies currently followed. It addresses the evolution and current conditions of the policy space needed for implementing growth-enhancing and inclusive development strategies. It discusses how countries can better manage capital flows in order to expand their policy space for pursuing development strategies. It looks at policy space as depending not only on the existing rules and commitments taken in international agreements, but also on the possibility of mobilizing resources for financing industrial policies, investment and growth. It argues that fiscal space is a key aspect of policy space, and that developing countries need to address loss of revenue stemming from illicit financial flows, tax havens and inadequate taxation of extractive industries.

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Book SynopsisThe Trade and Development Report (TDR), launched in 1981, is issued every year for the annual session of the Trade and Development Board. The Report analyses current economic trends and major policy issues of international concern, and makes suggestions for addressing these issues at various levels. This year's Report focuses on the challenges for achieving inclusive growth in an era of austerity, hyper globalization and financial fragility. It includes chapters on robotics, gender and employment, finance and inequality, and the growing market power of non-financial corporations. It concludes by calling for Global New Deal, and the sorts of policy components it must include in light of the analyses provided.

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Book SynopsisThe publication, prepared as a contribution to the BAPA+40 Conference delves into what the future of South-South cooperation holds for developing countries, and how it can be re-energized and revitalized as a unique area of development cooperation. Given the trajectory of South-South cooperation over the last 40 years, the way forward needs to be traced, particularly in important areas of work like regional cooperation and digital industrialization. Section 1 of the report looks at the evidence behind the so-called “rise of the South” to document the qualitative and quantitative changes observed in South-South cooperation over the past four decades, highlighting that, while South-South cooperation has intensified, its impact remains uneven and incomplete. Section 2 looks at South-South cooperation's link to the means of implementation for the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly with respect to trade and development issues, drawing on an example addressing Sustainable Development Goal 7, to highlight how South-South cooperation can provide critical solutions to the South's development challenges. Section 3 examines policy options in a number of domains that can help improve South-South cooperation, drawing from a wide range of UNCTAD experience. Section 4 looks at the new landscape of Southern development finance actors and how developing countries can draw on this new emerging source of South-South cooperation to finance connectivity, structural transformation and industrialization. Section 5 explores key and emerging areas for South-South cooperation, including regional cooperation, building productive capacity and responsible investment. Section 6 looks at best practices in South-South cooperation drawn from UNCTAD technical cooperation experiences. Section 7 looks at the role that South-South cooperation can play in light of new technologies, in particular related to so-called 'Fourth Industrial Revolution' technologies.

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Book SynopsisThe advent of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) represents a historic opportunity for the continent to boost intra-African trade and accelerate structural transformation. However, this relies on a critical policy instrument: the effective implementation of preferential trade liberalisation among the AfCFTA members. Whether in practice African firms will utilize tariff preferences under the AfCFTA depends on a critical factor: rules of origin (RoO) and the net benefits of complying with them. The Economic Development in Africa Report 2019 argues for the adoption of flexible RoO and a strengthening of institutional capacities to ensure an impartial, transparent, predictable, consistent and neutral implementation of agreed rules of origin

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Book SynopsisThe African Continental Free Trade Area is expected to be a game changer for development ambitions in Africa. The design of the Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area reflects an explicit commitment to create a framework for deeper socioeconomic integration and improved cooperation that enables trade, investment and the mobility of people, to support industrialization and the development of a dynamic services sector. Such achievements could ultimately generate decent jobs and increase revenue and thereby contribute to inclusive growth on the continent. A greater emphasis on deeper intraregional trade, cross-border investments in infrastructure and fostering 'made in Africa' trade and industrialization policies is key to the continent's future prosperity and resilience to global financial, food-related, climatic and pandemic-related shocks. For the African Continental Free Trade Area to be a game changer, countries in Africa need to adopt policies that enhance consistency between trade measures, diversification objectives and inclusivity. Unless this is accomplished, the Free Trade Area may be restricted to a trade liberalization agenda and thereby not fulfil the hopes and aspirations of the people of Africa. If effectively implemented, the African Continental Free Trade Area can help address challenges emanating from the excessive reliance in Africa on the supply of primary commodities and goods embodying limited value added to world markets

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Book SynopsisCommodity dependence is a trap: once a country is commodity dependent, it is difficult to develop a productive sector out of commodities and export non-commodity products. This publication argues that without strong action at the highest political level in Commodity-dependent Developing Countries (CDDCs), these countries will remain trapped for centuries. It demonstrates how technology and innovation could lead the way to economic and structural transformation in CDDCs, helping to diversify economies and lessen dependence on the commodity sector and, in turn, strengthen productivity growth. Enabling CDDCs to escape from the commodity dependence trap requires stronger cooperation between CDDCs and their trading and development partners with regard to technological acquisition and domestication. Indeed, a conducive framework for technology accessibility and its transfer to CDDCs is ultimately needed at the international level

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Book SynopsisThis report examines the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for stakeholders involved directly or indirectly in the production and trade of biodiversity-based products and services, including those sustainably sourced and traded as BioTrade products and services. It examines opportunities, challenges, but also opportunities implemented by respondents to a survey that was circulated with this purpose, to face the adverse circumstances of the pandemic. The report then concludes with a set of recommendations extrapolated from the analysis of the survey responses

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Book SynopsisThe report examines how African countries can work towards diversifying their exports by identifying feasible and innovative mechanisms for investment and trade policies to drive incentives to divert economic activities into transformative sectors. It aims to equip African governments and development partners with knowledge on how to diversify exports and promote structural transformation through the services sector, financial services, and private businesses, underpinned by capable, inclusive, and accountable institutions at the national, regional, and global levels

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Book SynopsisThe present publication examines the potential, opportunities and challenges facing selected LLDCs from Africa, Asia, and Latin America (in particular, Azerbaijan, Bhutan, Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Nepal) in making the best of their biodiversity and biogenetic resources where they have comparative advantages and prospects for export diversification, value addition and structural transformation. In this context, the study explores the potential and constraints to fully harnessing health foods and nutraceuticals to enhance export diversification and improve socioeconomic conditions. It also analyses product and sector-specific challenges and opportunities and proposes a series of country-specific policy recommendations to harness the potential of nutraceutical products for socioeconomic transformation in the selected countries

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Book SynopsisThe Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Report (APTIR) is a major annual publication of the Trade, Investment and Innovation Division of United Nations ESCAP. It aims to deepen understanding of trends and developments in trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific region; emerging issues in trade, investment and trade facilitation policies, and impacts of these policies on countries' abilities to meet the challenges of achieving inclusive and sustainable development. It offers innovative policy options to meet the challenges of achieving sustainable trade and investment. APTIR 2016 shows that 2015-2016 has been a worrying period for trade and investment n the Asia-Pacific region and worldwide, and there are few signs that the current economic and trade slowdown is simply a temporary phenomenon. Instead, this pattern may be the result of a change in the fundamental structure of world trade, which might lead to a persistent trade stagnation. On the other hand, good progress was made, especially at the regional level, with furthering cross-border paperless trade as one of the approached to deal with the upward pressure on the trade costs. Special feature of this volume is a chapter on digital trade in Asia-Pacific. Accepting the rising importance of e-commerce as a new trade platform, there is opening for the possible changes in the focus of trade and investment policies in order to leverage the potential of e-commerce to support intraregional trade.

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Book SynopsisThis report aims at deepening understanding of trends and developments in trade, investment and regional integration in the Asia-Pacific region. It looks at emerging issues in trade, investment and trade facilitation policies, and the impacts such policies have on countries' abilities to meet the challenges of achieving inclusive and sustainable development. It offers innovative policy options to meet the challenges of achieving sustainable trade and investment. It is aimed at policymakers, practitioners, experts, academics, business, international agencies and NGOs. It contains country specific briefs and shows trends and developments of trade in goods, trade in services, foreign direct investment, and trade and investment policies over 2017-2018.

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Book SynopsisIn its 2022 edition, this ECLAC annual report examines the foreign trade performance of the region's economies during the year. It consists of three chapters. The first examines recent developments in global and regional trade amid the conflict between the Russian Federation and Ukraine, record-high inflation rates, the global economic slowdown, geopolitical tensions and the difficulties faced by China in containing the COVID-19 pandemic. Chapter II presents an overview of the region's foreign trade in manufactures in the past three decades, with particular emphasis on its export performance. Chapter III discusses the profound disruptions observed in global shipping supply chains since the onset of the pandemic, which have been exacerbated by the conflict between the Russian Federation and Ukraine

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Book SynopsisThis Handbook aims to provide practical guidance on the calculation and allocation of the production of various types of financial services and issues related to the compilation of the financial account and balance sheets by institutional sector in the context of from-whom-to-whom relationships. The Handbook complements the 2008 SNA and related manuals, handbooks and guides. The concepts are described and defined in line with the 2008 SNA. Where appropriate, illustrative worked examples with step-by-step guidance are provided in the Handbook to give compilers and users a better picture of how to apply and interpret the various concepts. The Handbook is useful for staff working in national statistical offices, national central banks, international organizations and other institutions engaged in collecting, compiling and disseminating national accounts data, specifically on the financial corporations sector and financial account, and for users requiring a better understanding of such data.

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Book SynopsisThe National Accounts Statistics: Analysis of Main Aggregates, 2015 is the forty-sixth issue of this publication which comprises in the form of analytical tables a summary of the principal national accounting aggregates based on official national accounts data for more than 200 countries and areas, covering 1970-2015. It also contains a section on the estimation methods used for compiling data. It is prepared by the Statistics Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations in cooperation with national statistical offices. Tables include analysis of data on gross domestic product (GDP) by different structural components. They are classified into: 1) analysis of the level of total and per capita GDP 2) analysis of the percentage shares of GDP by type of expenditure and gross value added by kind of economic activity 3) analysis of economic development expressed in terms of real growth of GDP and its components by type of expenditure and gross value added by kind of economic activity, and 4) analysis of price development reflected by implicit price deflators of GDP.

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Book SynopsisAs countries worldwide are still recovering from the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine is expected to result in severe implications for the global economy. The ongoing conflict is driving up energy and commodity prices, and threatening food security in many parts of the world. The magnitude of the impact on individual countries depends on the composition of their economies, and their trade and financial links with the two countries in conflict. The gross domestic product of the Arab region is expected to grow by 5.18 per cent in 2022 if the conflict ends by June 2022 (0.02 percentage point lower than the pre-crisis projections), and by 4.78 per cent if the conflict endures longer (0.42 percentage point lower than the pre-crisis projections - an estimated loss of around $11 billion). As heavy oil exporters, the Gulf Cooperation Council economies will benefit from the recovery in oil markets that started in 2021, and will grow at their fastest pace since 2014. These countries will also profit from oil price hikes caused by the war in Ukraine. All other Arab countries are expected to grow at a slower pace than pre-crisis projections. In addition to higher energy prices, these countries also face increasing food security concerns as a result of the economic sanctions on the Russian Federation, and disruptions to supply chains caused by military activities. Some will also face a decline in official development assistance

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Book SynopsisThe 2021 International Trade Statistics Yearbook, Volume I —Trade by Country — provides a condensed and integrated analytical view of the international merchandise trade, and trade in services up to the year 2021 by means of brief descriptive text, concise data tables and charts. The information presented in the publication give an insight into the latest trends of trade in goods and services of around 175 countries (and areas) in the world. The yearbook is also made available online at https://comtrade.un.org/pb/. For more detailed data, users are requested to go to UN Comtrade (http://comtrade.un.org) which is the source of the information presented in the Yearbook, and is continuously updated. The publication is aimed at both specialist trade data users and common audience at large. The presented data, charts and analyses will benefit policy makers, government agencies, non-government organizations, civil society organizations, journalists, academics, researchers, students, businesses and anyone who is interested in trade issues. The information and analyses are presented in a way which can be comprehended by non-expert users of statistics

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Book SynopsisThis report contains detailed tables showing international trade for 258 individual commodities, for the 11 main Extended Balance of Payments Services categories, and world/regional trade tables or figures presenting statistics up to the year 2021. The information in the publication is based on data provided by approximately 175 countries (or areas) in the world. For more detailed data, users are requested to go to UN Comtrade (http://comtrade.un.org) which is the source of the information presented in the Yearbook and is continuously updated. The publication is aimed at both specialist trade data users and common audience at large. The presented data, charts and analyses will benefit policy makers, government agencies, non-government organizations, civil society organizations, journalists, academics, researchers, students, businesses and anyone who is interested in trade issues. The information and analyses are presented in a way which can be comprehended by non-expert users of statistics

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Book SynopsisThe World Investment Report 2023 provides the latest trends and prospects for foreign direct investment. It documents a challenging year for cross-border investment flows, looking at greenfield investment in industry, project finance in infrastructure, and international production activities of the largest multinationals. Dedicated sections provide data on international investment in the SDGs and in sustainable energy. The Report further reviews recent policy developments, including trends in national investment policy measures and international investment agreements. It presents an overview of investment policy measures aimed at supporting the energy transition. The Report also documents sustainability trends in global capital markets, including sustainability-linked financial products, sustainable stock exchanges, institutional investor commitments and financial regulations - all with a special focus on the mobilization of funds for the energy transition. Finally, the theme chapter of the Report discusses ways and means to increase international private sector investment - in particular foreign direct investment and international project finance - in the energy sector in developing countries, taking into account both the energy transition imperative and SDG7 on affordable and reliable access to energy for all

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Book SynopsisThe present study shows that the economic recovery that started in 2021 with 4.1 per cent growth for the Arab region is expected to continue at 3.7 per cent in 2022 and 3.6 per cent in 2023 for the baseline scenario, and 3.9 per cent in both years for the alternate scenario. The extent of economic recovery varies among Arab subregions and depends on the course of the pandemic, the speed of vaccination, dependency on oil revenues, tourism receipts, and levels of remittance inflows and official development assistance. For the Arab region as a whole, poverty is expected to decline from 26.94 per cent of the population in 2021 to 26.23 per cent in 2023, based on national poverty lines. The region made a slight improvement in closing the gender gap in 2020 but at the current pace of change needs 142 years to reach gender parity. Social protection systems in the region face severe shortcomings in coverage and effectiveness, particularly in countries with limited fiscal space and persistent political instability. Arab governments need to pursue tax reforms they initiated a while ago. Qualitative reforms should make tax systems fairer and more progressive, with simpler and more transparent administrative procedures for better tax compliance. At the national level, reforms should include redesigning tax brackets, rationalizing exemptions, introducing wealth or property taxes, and improving tax data. At the regional and international levels, enhanced cross-border tax cooperation is critical to coordinate tax incentives, review treaties and reinforce tax transparency

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the establishment process, mechanism design, and role orientation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) under the new background of global economic governance. After the international financial crisis in 2008, the process of economic globalization and the comparison of international forces have presented a new situation, and the global economic governance system since has entered a period of deep adjustment and transformation. At the same time, the problems and drawbacks of the original multilateral development financial system have become increasingly prominent. This not only provides a historical opportunity for the establishment of the AIIB, but also gives it a new important role in the global multilateral development financial system. The innovation of the AIIB’s governance model, such as organizational structure, equity, and voting rights allocation, makes it more efficient in operation. And in practice, it is playing an increasingly important role in promoting policy connectivity, infrastructure connectivity, trade connectivity, financial connectivity and people-to-people connectivity of Asian region.Table of ContentsPreface.- Foreword.- Chapter 1 Global Economic Governance in an Era of Transformation.- Chapter 2 Realistic Needs: Development Financial System Calls for New Members.- Chapter 3 The Creation of AIIB: Preparation and Operation.- Chapter 4 Mechanism Design: Governance Structure and Rules of AIIB.- Chapter 5 Vision and Mission: AIIB and Regional Connectivity.- Annex I: Articles of Agreement of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.- Annex II Members, Subscriptions and Voting Power of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.- References.- Postscript.

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Book SynopsisThis is an open access book. Relations between Brazil and Japan progressed dynamically in the 1960s and 1970s, centering on the substantial complementarity between Japan’s needing primary goods to sustain high economic growth and Brazil’s seeking non-hegemonic investment to invigorate its resource potential. Now that this complementarity has lost significance, the two countries are restructuring their relations to protect shared values of democracy, freedom, the rule of law, and the need for maintaining good relations with both China and the United States. Analyzed here is the development of this renewed bilateral relationship in multiple directions: productivity, global environment and health, migration, and triangular cooperation in third countries’ development. Facing the prospect of a declining population, Japan may become more open to international migration, but the experience with Japanese-descent Brazilian workers since the amendment of the migration control law in 1990 presents many lessons and challenges for the symbiosis of multicultural groups. Brazil, for its part, needs to address social inequality. To this end, it is fundamental to improve the quality of work.This book argues that Brazil and Japan can benefit from cooperation in managing those country-specific issues. It also discusses ways that Brazil and Japan can profit from coordinating action on global problems such as greenhouse gas reduction, mitigation of tropical diseases, healthy community building, and high-quality infrastructure for poverty reduction.Table of ContentsIntroduction (Nobuaki Hamaguchi and Danielly Ramos) Part I: Brazil-Japan Cooperation from Global Perspective Chapter 1 Brazil - Japan Relationship: A Partnership? (Henrique Altemani de Oliveira and Antonio Carlos Lessa) 1. Introduction 2. From an economic standpoint to a political perspective: basis for a strategic partnership? 3. Phases of the bilateral relationship during the Cold War 4. First attempts to resume the relationship and the importance of the Asian Crisis 5. Conclusion Chapter 2 Global Environmental Governance and ODA from Japan to Brazil (Shuichiro Masukata, Cristina Y. A. Inoue, and Nanahira de Rabelo e Sant’Anna) 1. Introduction 2. Multilateral-global dimension/level 3. Japan’s cooperation trajectory and “green” ODA to Brazil 4. Subnational-local: Prodecer in Paracatu and Agroforestry Systems in Tomé-Açu 5. Conclusion Lessons learned from cooperation in environmental sustainability Chapter 3 Global Health (Rodrigo Pires de Campos and Saori Kawai) Contents to be added Chapter 4 Trilateral Cooperation for Infrastructure (Akiko Koyasu and Danielly Ramos) Contents to be added Part II: Brazil-Japan Cooperation from Bilateral Perspective Chapter 5 Brazilian Workers in Japan and Public Policies for Promoting their Social Integration with a Focus on Basic Education to the Children (Mauricio Bugarin and Keiichi Yamazaki) 1. Recent trends of the Brazilian workers and their families in Japan 2. Challenges faced by the children 3. Public intervention 4. Formal modeling: Schooling choices and government intervention 5. Conclusions Chapter 6 Dissemination of Japanese Quality Control in Brazil (Nobuaki Hamaguchi and Silvio Miyazaki) 1. Introduction 2. Japanese TQC transfer to Brazil until the 1980s 3. Japanese-style TQC in Brazil since the 1990s 4. Contemporary cases of TQC in Brazil 5. Final remarks: TQC in Japan-Brazil relation in the next stage Conclusion: Structuring Brazil-Japan Cooperation from Complementarity to Shared Value (Nobuaki Hamaguchi and Danielly Ramos)

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the various issues and concerns faced by Indian agriculture under the obligations of WTO and the Free Trade Agreements. While the issues discussed pertain mainly to India, the lessons can also be derived for many other similarly placed developing countries. The book delves into various aspects of Indian agricultural trade and evaluates the domestic policies and regulations of government while also looking at external factors like WTO, free trade agreements and non-tariff barriers. Chapters of this book have been contributed by eminent agricultural economists, lawyers and social scientists providing the perspective from their sector. This book highlights the challenges and opportunities for agriculture sector under the rapidly growing regional trade agreements and results of negotiations under the WTO. It also provides critical insights into the ongoing fisheries subsidies negotiations at the WTO and issues relating to non-tariff measures. The findings have broad implications for developing countries in general and India in particular. This book will greatly benefit trade negotiators, policymakers, civil society, farmer groups, researchers, students, and academics interested in issues related to the WTO, FTAs, tariff and non-tariff barriers and other allied issues concerning Indian agriculture. The techniques used in analytical part will mostly benefit the researchers as they can not only use these techniques and methodologies for their future research, but to also carry the research forward. The book is useful for many educational institutes which teach international trade, agricultural economics, and WTO and FTAs studies.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewWe live in paradoxical times. Traditionally, the West has led the world in theory and practice. Yet, recent developments, from COVID-19 to the storming of the US Capitol, show how lost the West has become. This loss of direction has deep roots. In their usual thoughtful and incisive fashion, Lim Mah-Hui and Michael Heng Siam-Heng draw out the deeper origins of our current crises and show us a new way forward. A must-read for anyone who wants to understand our strange times." —Kishore Mahbubani, founding Dean of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, is the author of Has China Won?""This book provides plenty of food for thought for many pondering if the COVID-19 crisis could lead to a major transformation of the global economic system shaped by unfettered market forces and policies of governments in their service."" —Yilmaz Akyuz, former Director, UNCTAD, Geneva

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Book SynopsisMicro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) account for approximately 97 per cent of all active business entities within the ASEAN region. They are an important contributor to both emissions generation and future reduction.A recent large-scale, multi-country quantitative assessment was undertaken into how SMEs are dealing with climate change in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Vietnam. Most respondents reported a high level of concern about climate change.Over 90 per cent of firms are currently undertaking measures to reduce emissions, albeit that they are typically simple steps such as reducing air conditioning and electricity, recycling or installing low-energy lighting.Common intentions to deal with future extreme weather events include reducing emissions, developing a disaster plan, or reviewing business insurance policies.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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