Infectious and contagious diseases Books

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSECTION 1 Infectious Disease 1 Management of the AsymptomaticNewborn at Risk for Sepsis 2 Empiric Therapy for Neonatal Sepsis 3 When and How to Treat NeonatalCMV Infection 4 Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection 5 Antibiotic Stewardship 6 Neonatal Fungal Infections 7 When to Perform Lumbar Puncture in Infants at Risk for Meningitis in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit 8 Perinatal and Neonatal Considerations in COVID-19 9 Congenital Syphilis 10 Gonococcal Eye Prophylaxis-Are Mandates Still Justified? 11 Organ Dysfunction in Sepsis and Necrotizing Enterocolitis SECTION 2 Pharmacology 12 Antibiotic Considerations for Necrotizing Enterocolitis 13 Antiseizure Medications and Treatments in Neonates 14 Neuroprotective Therapies in Newborns 15 Pharmacological Therapy of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome 16 Vasodilator Drugs for Pulmonary Hypertension in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 17 Drug-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Neonates SECTION 3 Immunology 18 Recent Advances and Controversies in Inborn Errors of Immunity Presenting in the Newborn Period 19 Clinical and Molecular Markers to Assist Decision-Making in Neonatal Sepsis Index

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction Part 1: Mechanisms of Autoimmunity induction by infectious agents and vaccination 2. Molecular Mimicry and Autoimmunity 3. Epitope Spreading in Autoimmune Diseases 4. The immune neuroendocrine system, infections, and rheumatic diseases 5. CD5-Expressing B-1 Cells and Infection 6. Lymphocytes and Infection in Autoimmune Diseases 7. Endothelial Cell Autoreactivity and Infection 8. Microbiota and Autoimmunity 9. Infection, Autoimmunity, and Vitamin D 10. Seasonality and Autoimmunity 11. The Protective Role of Helminths in Autoimmunity 12. Vaccination and Autoimmunity 13. BCG Vaccination 14. Opportunistic Infections and Autoimmune Diseases 15. Can Antibiotics Cure Autoimmune Diseases? Part 2: Viruses and Autoimmunity 16. Anti-Viral Therapy, Epstein–Barr Virus, Autoimmunity, and Chaos (The Butterfly Effect) 17. Roles for Cytomegalovirus in Infection, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity 18. Hepatitis C and Mixed Cryoglobulinemia: An Update 19. HIV Spectrum and Autoimmune Diseases 20. Parvovirus Infection and Its Association with Autoimmune Diseases 21. Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and Rheumatic Diseases: A Link Between Infection and Autoimmunity 22. Sjögren’s Syndrome: Role of Viruses and Viral-Like Sequences 23. Viral Infection and Heart Disease: Autoimmune Mechanisms 24. Celiac Disease and Rotavirus Infection 25. Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus-Induced Demyelinating Disease (TMEV-IDD) and Autoimmunity Part 3: Bacteria and Autoimmunity 26. Rheumatic Fever: How Streptococcal Throat Infection Triggers an Autoimmune Disease 27. Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Autoimmunity: Coincidence or a Cause and Effect Relationship? 28. Multiple Sclerosis and Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease are Autoimmune Diseases Probably Caused by Exposure to the Nasal Microbe Acinetobacter 29. Infection and Autoimmunity in Antibiotic-Refractory Lyme Arthritis 30. Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Autoimmunity: A Systematic Review of the Literature: How Pneumococcal Infection Might Be Related to Rheumatic Diseases 31. Mycobacteria and Autoimmunity 32. Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis and Human Disease: Bridging Infection and Autoimmunity 33. Leprosy and Autoimmunity Part 4: Parasites and autoimmunity 34. Parasitic Infection and Autoimmunity 35. Toxoplasma and Autoimmunity 36. Malaria and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Complex Interactions and Reciprocal Influences Part 5: Autoimmune diseases and infections 37. Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae Antibodies Autoimmune Diseases 38. The Infectious Origin of the Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome 39. Infections and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 40. Infections and Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies 41. Rheumatoid Arthritis and Infections: More Than an Association? 42. Infection and Systemic Sclerosis 43. Infection and Spondyloarthropathies 44. Infection and Behçet Disease 45. Vasculitides and Hepatitis C Infection 46. The Role of Infection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Initiation, Exacerbation and Protection 47. Post-Infectious Arthritis and Reactive Arthritis 48. Infection and Autoimmune Liver Diseases 49. The Role of infection in Immune-mediated Thrombocytopenia 50. Viral Infections and Type 1 Diabetes 51. Infection and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases 52. Pemphigus and Infection 53. Infections and Autoimmune Renal Diseases 54. Infections Associated with Retinal Autoimmunity 55. Oral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases 56. infection and Guillain–Barré Syndrome 57. Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Part 6: COVID-19 and autoimmunity SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Autoimmunity 58. COVID-19 and autoimmunity 59. COVID-19 and autoantibodies 60. COVID-19 and vasculitis 61. COVID-19 vaccines and autoimmunity

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Book SynopsisUnderstanding Public Health is an innovative series published by Open University Press in collaboration with the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, where it is used as a key learning resource for postgraduate programmes. It provides self-directed learning covering the major issues in public health affecting low-, middle- and high-income countries.Communicable diseases are ever present in the world today. Social and economic issues like poverty, access to essential vaccinations and lack of substantive healthcare systems contribute to mortality rates alongside epidemiological factors like portals of entry and bacterial sources.This public health textbook, in exploring the causes and conditions of communicable diseases like ebola and malaria, clearly outlines communicable disease control and prevention measures as well as how to apply these measures effectively in different contexts and populations Table of ContentsSection 1: Understanding communicable diseaseChapter 1: A brief history of the development of communicable disease control Chapter 2: Concepts in communicable disease causation Chapter 3: The chain of infection and modes of transmissionSection 2: Measures to control communicable diseasesChapter 4: Surveillance Chapter 5: Vaccination Chapter 6: Prevention Chapter 7: Outbreak response Section 3: Application of measures to control communicable diseasesChapter 8 – Communication Chapter 9: Ethics and communicable disease control Chapter 10: Health systems and communicable disease control Chapter 11: Emerging trends, challenges and opportunities in communicable disease control  

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Book SynopsisThis edited collection compares and analyses the most prominent political communicative responses to the outbreak and global spread of the COVID-19 strain of coronavirus within 27 nations across five continents and two supranational organisations: the EU and the WHO. The book encompasses the various governmentsâ communication of the crisis, the role played by opposition and the vibrancy of the information environment within each nation.The chapters analyse the communication drawing on theoretical perspectives drawn from the fields of crisis communication, political communication and political psychology. In doing so the book develops a framework to assess the extent to which state communication followed the key indicators of effective communication encapsulated in the principles of: being first; being right; being credible; expressing empathy; promoting action; and showing respect. The book also examines how communication circulated within the mass and social media environments and what impact differences in spokespersons, messages and the broader context has on the success of implementing measures likely to reduce the spread of the virus. Cumulatively, the authors develop a global analysis of the responses and how these are shaped by their specific contexts and by the flow of information, while offering lessons for future political crisis communication.This book will be of great interest to students and researchers of politics, communication and public relations, specifically on courses and modules relating to current affairs, crisis communication and strategic communication, as well as practitioners working in the field of health crisis communication.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. Thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched www.knowledgeunlatched.orgTrade Review"Though each case study can stand independently, the way they are put together in the book provides a narrative that easily explains how to apply the CERC framework and provides examples for public relations students on how to perform a case study. Furthermore, the true strength of this book is that each case study is authored by someone who represents the country which it is about. This serves to give a more authentic look at each case and also helps to make the book truly global… Ultimately, this book provides a strong jumping point for crisis and political communication researchers and students as they begin to dive into the continued crisis that is COVID-19."Kathryn Biddle, in the Journal of Communication EnquiryTable of ContentsForeword Introduction: Political Communication, Governance and Rhetoric in Times of Crisis Case Studies 1. World Health Organisation: The Challenges of Global Leadership 2. China: Diversion, Ingratiation and Victimization 3. Japan: New Directions for Digital Japan 4. South Korea: No Shutdown, No Lockdown 5. The United States: Politics Versus Science? 6. The EU: The Story of a Tragic Hero and the 27 Dwarfs 7. France: An Unpopular Government Facing an Unprecedented Crisis 8. Australia: A Triumph of Sorts 9. Germany: Between a Patchwork and Best-Practice 10. India: A Spectacle of Mismanagement 11. Italy: The Frontrunner of the Western Countries in an Unexpected Crisis 12. Spain: Managing the Uncertain Whilst Facing Economic Collapse 13. Sweden: Lone Hero or Stubborn Outlier? 14. The UK: From Consensus to Confusion 15. Egypt: Emotional Speech and Complicated Reality 16. Russia: A Glass Wall 17. Austria: A Ski Resort as the Virus Slingshot of Europe 18. Iran: Disciplinary Strategies and Governmental Campaigning 19. Brazil: More Than Just a Little Flu 20. Norway: From Strict Measures to Pragmatic Flexibility 21. Iceland: No Lockdown and Experts at the Forefront 22. Ireland: Solid Swansong from Caretaker Government 23. The Czech Republic: Self-proclaimed Role-Models 24. Hungary: Illiberal Crisis Management 25. Poland: Protecting the Nation While Struggling to Maintain Power 26. Ghana: Political Expediency or Competent Leadership? 27. South Africa: A United Front? A Divided Government 28. Kosovo: Political Crisis, One More Challenge Alongside COVID-19 29. Turkey: Declaring of War on an Epidemic 30. Conclusion: Political Communication and COVID-19: Governance and Rhetoric in Global Comparative Perspective

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Book SynopsisThis book demystifies Cybersecurity concepts using real-world cybercrime incidents from the pandemic to illustrate how threat actors perpetrated computer fraud against valuable information assets particularly healthcare, financial, commercial, travel, academic, and social networking data.Table of Contents1. COVID-19 Pandemic, the Game Changer2. Nature3. Cybersecurity Roles in a Pandemic4. Cyberspace at Risk5. Challenges of Managing Cybersecurity at Covid-196. Cyberattack Mitigations During the Pandemic7. Cybersecurity in Post Covid-19 Digital Era8. Conclusion and Recommendations

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a fundamental understanding of the importance of the microbiome in the life of virtually all multicellular organisms. It explains why microbes are an integral part of living organisms and describes the diverse roles they perform for their hosts. Although the significance of modified bacteria such as the mitochondrion and chloroplast is deeply rooted in the evolution of all complex organisms, it is only recently that the contribution of microbial partners within and on their hosts is becoming fully evident. These communities of microbes are as essential to organisms as are the visible organs. Microbiomes are indeed invisible organs. They participate in the digestive process, assist in communication networks, supply essential nutrients, guard against foreign intrusion, promote development and contribute to well-being. This unique approach, where the dependence of the hosts on their microbiomes is explained, will be a must-read for undergraduate and graduate studentsTable of ContentsChapter 1: The Genesis of Life – How it All StartedChapter 2: Algae and Their MicrobiomesChapter 3: Fungal Microbiome and Mycobiome Within Other OrganismsChapter 4: Microbiomes of Sedentary Aquatic OrganismsChapter 5: Insect Microbiome: Microbes Insects Depend OnChapter 6: Fish Microbiome: Functional PerspectivesChapter 7: Microbial Constituents of Birds: Genesis, Functions and AdaptationsChapter 8: Mammalian Microbiomes: The Roles They PerformChapter 9: Plants and Their Microbial Communities

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Book SynopsisThis book is a comprehensive treatise on infective and inflammatory pathologies of the cornea with corresponding clinical images and diagrammatic illustrations. Corneal infections and inflammations are a major cause of ocular morbidity and visual impairment. Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to improved visual outcome and quality of life. Both infectious (bacterial, fungal, viral and protozoan) and non-infectious keratitis that cause corneal vascularisation, scarring and vision loss are covered extensively. The illustrated clinical findings presented in the form of diagrams, photographs, cases and videos aim to serve as a practical teaching tool for fellows, trainees and practising ophthalmologists.KEY FEATURES Focuses on clinically relevant parts of corneal diseases, using illustrations with arrows indicating different pathologies and signs Serves as a ready clinical compendium for trainees, fellows and ophthalmologists Table of Contents Table of Contents SECTION A: OVERVIEW AND CLINICAL EXAMINATION Chapter 1. Applied Anatomy and Pathophysiology of Corneal Infection & Inflammation Chapter 2. Clinical Evaluation SECTION B: CORNEAL INFECTION Chapter 3. Viral Keratitis Chapter 4. Bacterial Keratitis Chapter 5. Fungal Keratitis Chapter 6. Protozoal Keratitis and Other Atypical Infections SECTION C: OTHER CORNEAL INFLAMMATION AND ULCERATION Chapter 7. Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis Chapter 8. Neurotrophic Keratitis Chapter 9. Vernal Kerato-conjunctivitis Chapter 10. Ocular Surface Disorders Chapter 11. Trachoma Chapter 12. Exposure Keratopathy SECTION D: POST-SURGICAL INFECTION AND INFLAMMATION Chapter 13. Post-keratoplasty Corneal Infection and Inflammation Chapter 14. Other Post-surgical Corneal Infection and Inflammation SECTION E: CORNEAL INFECTION AND INFLAMMATION IN SYSTEMIC DISORDERS Chapter 15. Corneal Involvement in Systemic Infection Chapter 16. Corneal Involvement in Systemic Non-infective Diseases SECTION F: PAEDIATRIC CORNEAL DISORDERS Chapter 17. Approach to a Paediatric patient with Corneal Disease Chapter 18. Paediatric Corneal Infection and Inflammation SECTION G: MISCELLANEOUS CORNEAL INFECTION AND INFLAMMATION Chapter 19. Contact-lens related Corneal Infection and Inflammation Chapter 20. Post-traumatic Corneal Infection and Inflammation Chapter 21. Chemical Injury Chapter 22. Crystalline Keratopathy Chapter 23. Corneal Hydrops

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Book SynopsisThe struggle against deadly microbes is endless. Diseases that have plagued human beings since ancient times still exist, new maladies make their way into the headlines, we are faced with vaccine shortages, and the threat of germ warfare has reemerged as a worldwide threat.   In this riveting account, medical historian Howard Markel takes an eye-opening look at the fragility of the American public health system. He tells the distinctive stories of six epidemics–tuberculosis, bubonic plague, trachoma, typhus, cholera, and AIDS–to show how our chief defense against diseases from outside the United States has been to attempt to deny entry to carriers. He explains why this approach never worked, and makes clear that it is useless in today’s world of bustling international travel and porous borders. Illuminating our foolhardy attempts at isolation and showing that globalization renders us all potential inhabitants of the so-called Hot Zone, Markel m

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Book SynopsisA deeply moving narrative of the coronavirus pandemic, told through portraits of eight individuals who worked tirelessly to help others.Trade Review"Kathy Gilsinan’s optimistic The Helpers describes the remarkable awakening that coalesced around the COVID-19 pandemic. Gilsinan does not shy away from the very real grief, but her powerful storytelling brings to light the grit, urgency, and inspiration of ordinary Americans in extraordinary times. A necessary dose of hope!" -- Danielle Ofri, MD, PhD, clinical professor of medicine at NYU School of Medicine, Editor-in-Chief of Bellevue Literary Review, and author of When We Do Harm"Brilliantly conceived, carefully reported, grippingly and vividly written, The Helpers is a story of the pandemic that will last." -- James Fallows, coauthor of Our Towns: A 100,000-Mile Journey into the Heart of America"Poignant stories from the darkest days of the pandemic.... Compassionate throughout, [Gilsinan] effectively conveys the struggles, fears, and sacrifices that each of these individuals faced. She also exposes many of the fatal flaws in the American medical system. A comforting, much-needed reminder that we are still all in this together." -- Kirkus Reviews"Inspiring.... Intimate and engaging, this is a worthy tribute to those who stepped forward in a time of tremendous need." -- Publishers Weekly

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Book SynopsisNow in its sixth edition, Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology remains the only book to comprehensively cover infectious diseases in both obstetrics and general gynecology. Distilling complex clinical problems into an easy to use format, this text is divided in four unique sections, and some of these topics include:Trade ReviewFrom reviews of previous editions: Winner of the American Medical Writers' Award for Best Multiple Author Text in Medicine 1975: 'when each of the chapters reads equally smoothly with completely lucid narrative and original, highly informative illustrators, one is rapidly alerted to the fact that such a book is a cut above the average multi-authored monograph.' 'This book is one of the best, if not the best multi-authored text I have ever read on this subject ! The book certainly belongs in every library and should be a graduation gift to each department resident in obstetrics and gynecology.' JAMA 'Complete and up-to-date, this book is extremely well written and laced with numerous recent references following each subsection and many illustrations, graphs, figures and tables to augment the text.' American Family Physician 'This text is a must for anyone interested in the topic of infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology and is recommended highly by the reviewer.' Journal of the Medical Society of New Jersey 'The format of the book is interesting and useful. The reader can look for a specific group of organisms and read about them in detail or he or she may select a disease process and review the organisms that cause disease.' Mayo Clinic Proceedings 'This edition has been extensively revised and expanded to bring the most current and comprehensive information about infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology to the reader ! This is a text for those who care for women, whether as primary care physicians, generalist obstetrician/gynecologists or subspecialists.' Clinical Infectious DiseasesTable of ContentsI. General considerations 1. Understanding the bacteriology of the female genital tract 2. Immunological defense mechanisms in the female genital tract 3. Anaerobic infections 4. Antibiotic selection in Obstetrics and Gynecology 5. Antibiotics and pregnancy 6. Timing of antibiotic therapy 7. Antibiotic induced diarrhea 8. Prophylactic antibiotics II. Organisms 9. Congenital viral infections 10. Cytomegaloviruses 11. Enteroviruses 12. The hepatitis viruses 13. Herpes simplex viruses, types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) 14. Human immunodeficiency viruses 15. Human papilloma viruses 16. Human B-19 parvovirus 17. Influenza viruses 18. Measles 19. Mumps 20. Rubella 21. Varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox) 22. Calymmatobacterium granulomatis and Klebsiella granulomatis 23. Haemophilus ducreyi 24. Haemophilus influenzae 25. Listeria monocytogenes 26. Neisseria gonorrhoeae 27. Salmonella typhi 28. Streptococcus pneumoniae 29. Group A streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) 30. Actinomyces israelii 31. Bacteroidaceae 32. Clostridium perfringens 33. Clostridium sordellii 34. Escherichia coli 35. Gardnerella vaginalis (Haemophilus vaginalis) 36. Klebsiella/Enterobacter 37. Mobiluncus species 38. Peptostreptococci 39. The Proteus group 40. Staphylococci 41. Group B streptococci 42. Group C beta-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus milleri) 43. Enterococci and group D streptococci 44. Group F streptococci 45. Group G beta-hemolytic streptococci 46. Chlamydia trachomatis 47. Chlamydia trachomatis lymphogranuloma venereum (L) strains 48. Mycoplasma 49. Borrelia recurrentis (relapsing fever) 50. Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease) 51. Leptospira 52. Treponema pallidum (syphilis) 53. Entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis) 54. Plasmodial infections (malaria) 55. Toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis) 56. Trichomonas vaginalis 57. Candida albicans 58. Coccidioides immitis 59. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis III. Problem Areas: Obstetrics 60. Chorioamnionitis 61. Infectious morbidity associated w

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Book SynopsisWhether you need to manage a post-transplant infection or reduce the possibility of infection, you will find effective guidance in this handbook. The work of the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice, this reference exclusively uses tables and flowcharts to speed up decision making.Trade Review"Overall, I enjoyed this book and its contribution to the field of transplantation. Many clinicians would find this helpful in their daily practice." (Doody's, 16 December 2011) Table of ContentsPart 1 General Issues and Infectious Syndromes. 1 Timeline of Infections After Organ Transplant (Christian van Delden). 2 Timeline of Infections After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (Sarah P. Hammond & Francisco M. Marty). 3 Immune Reconstitution After Myeloablative Stem Cell Transplant (Sarah P. Hammond & Francisco M. Marty). 4 Pre-transplant Infectious Disease Evaluation of the Organ Transplant Candidate (Staci A. Fischer). 5 Pre-transplant Infectious Disease Evaluation of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Candidate (Staci A. Fischer). 6 Technical Complications after Organ Transplant and Associated Infections (Abhinav Humar). 7 Evaluation and Initial Treatment of Infectious Complications Among Organ Transplant Recipients (Kathleen Julian). 8 Management of Infections in Kidney Transplant Recipients (Bartholomew Bono). 9 Management of Infections in Pancreas Transplant Recipients (Bartholomew Bono). 10 Management of Infections in Liver Transplant Recipients (Bartholomew Bono). 11 Management of Infections in Lung, Heart–Lung, and Heart Transplant Recipients (Shahid Husain & S.M. Hosseini-Mogaddham). 12 Management of Infections in Intestinal Transplant Recipients (Michael Green). 13 Antimicrobial Management of Patients with Fever and Neutropenia Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (Upton D. Allen). Part II Specific Pathogens. 14 Cytomegalovirus (Raymund R. Razonable & Atul Humar). 15 Epstein-Barr Virus and Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders (Rebecca Madan & Betsy Herold). 16 Management of herpes simplex virus (Marian G. Michaels). 17 Management of Varicella Zoster Virus (Marian G. Michaels). 18 Prevention and Treatment of Human Herpesvirus 6, 7 and 8 Infections in Transplant Recipients (Raymund R. Razonable). 19 BK Polyomavirus and Polyomavirus-associated Nephropathy (Hans H. Hirsch). 20 Respiratory Viruses (Oriol Manuel). 21 Human Papillomavirus (Gail E. Reid). 22 Hepatitis B (Karen E. Doucette). 23 Hepatitis C Management in Transplant Candidates and Recipients (Karen E. Doucette). 24 Management Algorithm for Transplantation in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Shirish Huprikar). 25 Management of Selected Fungal Infections After Transplantation (Michele I. Morris). 26 Treatment of Nocardia). Infections (Nina M. Clark). 27 Tuberculosis: Treatment and Prevention (Nina M. Clark). 28 Treatment of Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium). Infections (Nina M. Clark). 29 Pneumocystis jiroveci). Pneumonia: Prophylaxis and Therapy (Nicolas J. Mueller). 30 Suggested Therapy of Clostridium diffi cile). Colitis After Transplantation (Aneesh K. Mehta). 31 Diagnosis and Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria (Emily A. Blumberg). 32 Management of Selected Parasitic Infections After Transplant (Sanjay Mehta & Robert Huang). Part III Donor Issues. 33 Infectious Disease Evaluation of the Potential Organ Donor (Staci A. Fischer). 34 Infectious Disease Evaluation of the Potential Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Donor (Staci A. Fischer). 35 Donor-derived Infections (Michael G. Ison). 36 Estimates of Window Period Length for Serology and Nucleic Acid Testing (Atul Humar). 37 Estimates of Residual Risk of HIV or HCV when using Selected Increased Risk Donor Categories (Atul Humar). 38 Management of Recipients of Hepatitis B Core Antibody-Positive Donor Organ (Karen E. Doucette). 39 Donor Tuberculosis Issues: Potential Scenarios and Management (Camille N. Kotton & Michele I. Morris). Part IV Prevention of Infections after Transplantation. 40 Suggested Prophylaxis Regimens in Organ Transplant Recipients (Nasia Safdar, Germana L.M. Silva & Jennifer Hsu). 41 Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Regimen for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients (Sherif Mossad). 42 Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Regimen for Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients (Sherif Mossad). 43 Adult Vaccination Schedule After Solid Organ Transplant (Marissa Wilck & Lindsey Baden). 44 Adult Vaccination Schedule After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant (Lindsey Baden & Marissa Wilck). 45 Immunizations After Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (Tanvi Sharma & Lynne Lewis). 46 Recommendations for Travel-related Vaccinations and Medications for Transplant Travelers (Camille N. Kotton). 47 Safe Living Strategies for Transplant Patients (Julia Garcia-Diaz & Shannon Bergeron). Part V Post-transplant Medications and Drug Interactions. 48 Common Immunosuppressive Drugs, Mechanisms of Action, Side-effects, and Other Interactions (Daniel Kaul). 49 Infectious Risks Associated with Anti-thymocyte Globulin (ATG,Thymoglobulin) (Steven D. Burdette). 50 Infectious Risks Associated with Alemtuzumab (Campath) (Steven D. Burdette). 51 Infectious Risks Associated with IL-2R Antagonist [Basiliximab (Simulect) and Daclizumab (Zenapax)] (Steven D. Burdette). 52 Infectious Risks Associated With Rituximab (Rituxan) (Steven D. Burdette). 53 Drug Interactions Between Antimicrobial Agents and Common Immunosuppressive Drugs Used in Transplantation (Christian Garzoni). 54 Antiviral Agents for Adult Transplant Recipients (Valentina Stosor). 55 Antifungal Agents in Adult Transplant Recipients (Shmuel Shoham). 56 Antiviral Agents for Pediatric Transplant Recipients (Lara Danziger-Isakov, Lizbeth Hansen & Elizabeth Neuner). 57 Antifungal Agents for Pediatric Transplant Recipients (Lara Danziger-Isakov, Lizbeth Hansen & Elizabeth Neuner).

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Book SynopsisParasitic infections remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the world today. Often endemic in developing countries many parasitic diseases are neglected in terms of research funding and much remains to be understood about parasites and the interactions they have with the immune system.Table of ContentsList of Contributors xiii Introduction: Immunoparasitology: The Making of a Modern Immunological science 1 Alan Sher Section 1 1 Notes on the Immune System 15 Tracey J. Lamb 1.1 The immune system 15 1.2 Innate immune processes 17 1.3 The complement cascade 19 1.4 Innate recognition 20 1.5 Pattern recognition receptors 21 1.6 Innate immune cells 23 1.7 Communication in the immune system 31 1.8 Adaptive immunity 31 1.9 The role of theMHC in the immune response 34 1.10 T cell activation and cellular-mediated immunity 36 1.11 B cells and the humoral response 43 1.12 Cell trafficking around the body 49 1.13 Cellular immune effector mechanisms 50 1.14 Hypersensitivity reactions 52 References for further reading 54 Section 2 2 Introduction to Protozoan Infections 61 David B. Guiliano and Tracey J. Lamb 2.1 The protozoa 61 2.2 Amoebozoa 62 2.3 Excavata 67 2.4 Harosa 75 2.5 Protozoa that are now fungi 81 2.6 Taxonomy and the evolution of the parasitic protozoa 82 2.7 Genomic and post genomic exploration of protozoan biology 83 2.8 Summary 87 2.9 General information on protozoa 88 References for further reading 88 3 Apicomplexa:Malaria 91 Tracey J. Lamb and Francis M. Ndung’u 3.1 Malaria 91 3.2 Recognition ofmalaria parasites 94 3.3 Innate effector mechanisms 95 3.4 Adaptive immunity 98 3.5 Memory responses 101 3.6 Immune evasion 101 3.7 Immunopathology 103 References for further reading 105 4 Apicomplexa: Toxoplasma gondii 107 EmmaWilson 4.1 Introduction 107 4.2 Life cycle and pathogenesis 107 4.3 Innate immune responses 111 4.4 Evasion strategies 113 4.5 Adaptive immune responses 115 4.6 CNS infection 117 4.7 Conclusions 118 References for further reading 118 5 Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidium 121 Jan R. Mead andMichael J. Arrowood 5.1 Life cycle 122 5.2 Clinical presentation 123 5.3 General immune responses in cryptosporidiosis 124 5.4 Innate effector mechanisms 125 5.5 Adaptive immunity 127 5.6 Memory responses 131 5.7 Antigens eliciting the immune response 132 5.8 Immune evasion 132 5.9 Immunopathology in the gut and intestinal tract 134 References for further reading 134 6 Diplomonadida: Giardia 139 Steven Singer 6.1 The life cycle and pathogenesis of Giardia infection 139 6.2 Recognition of Giardia by the immune system 141 6.3 Innate effector mechanisms against Giardia 142 6.4 Adaptive immunity against Giardia 143 6.5 Memory responses 145 6.6 Antigens eliciting the immune response 146 6.7 Immune evasion 147 6.8 Immunopathology 148 6.9 Summary 150 References for further reading 150 7 Kinetoplastids: Leishmania 153 IngridM¨ uller and Pascale Kropf 7.1 The pathogenesis of Leishmania infection 153 7.2 Life cycle 154 7.3 Parasite transmission and avoidance of immune responses 155 7.4 Innate effector mechanisms: the role of neutrophils in Leishmania infection 157 7.5 Adaptive immunity: lessons from L. major infections of mice 158 7.6 Arginase promotes Leishmania parasite growth 162 7.7 Memory responses 163 References for further reading 164 8 Kinetoplastids: Trypanosomes 165 Jeremy Sternberg 8.1 The African trypanosomes (Trypanosoma brucei ssp.) 165 8.2 Pathogenesis of sleeping sickness 167 8.3 Variant surface glycoprotein – the key to trypanosome-host interactions 168 8.4 The humoral response to African trypanosomes 172 8.5 T cell responses in African trypanosome infections 173 8.6 Innate defence mechanisms: trypanosome lytic factor 173 8.7 Immunopathology and VSG 174 8.8 Summary 175 References for further reading 176 9 Kinetoplastids: Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) 179 Rick Tarleton 9.1 Life cycle and transmission 180 9.2 Immune control and disease 181 9.3 Innate recognition of T. cruzi 182 9.4 Adaptive immunity 183 9.5 Regulation of immune responses and parasite persistence 186 9.6 Conclusions 189 References for further reading 189 Section 3 10 Introduction to Helminth Infections 195 David B. Guiliano 10.1 Acanthocephala 196 10.2 Nematodes 196 10.3 Pentastomida 203 10.4 Platyhelminthes 203 10.5 The evolution of parasitism within the helminths: divergent phyla with common themes 208 10.6 Genomic and post-genomic exploration of helminth biology 211 10.7 Summary 211 References for further reading 213 11 Nematoda: Filarial Nematodes 217 Sabine Specht and Achim Hoerauf 11.1 The life cycle and pathogenesis of filarial nematode infections 217 11.2 Animal models of filariasis 220 11.3 Immune responsesmounted against filarial nematodes 221 11.4 Innate immunity 221 11.5 Adaptive immunity 224 11.6 Immune evasion 225 11.7 Immunopathology 228 References for further reading 229 12 Nematoda: Ascaris lumbricoides 231 Christina Dold 12.1 Introduction 231 12.2 Ascaris infection displays an over-dispersed frequency distribution 232 12.3 Life cycle 232 12.4 Pathogenesis of infection 233 12.5 Animal models of Ascaris infection 234 12.6 Immune responses generated against the migratory phase of Ascaris 235 12.7 The cytokine response to Ascaris lumbricoides 237 12.8 The humoral response to Ascaris lumbricoides 238 12.9 Antigens eliciting immune responses in Ascaris infection 241 12.10 Conclusions 242 References for further reading 243 13 Nematoda: Hookworms 247 Soraya Gaze, HenryMcSorley and Alex Loukas 13.1 Pathogenesis of hookworminfection 247 13.2 The life cycle of hookworms 248 13.3 Animal models of hookworminfection 249 13.4 Innate immune responses to hookworms 251 13.5 Adaptive immunity 252 13.6 Cytokine responses 253 13.7 Antibody responses 254 13.8 Antigens eliciting the immune response 255 13.9 Memory responses 255 13.10 Immunoregulatory aspects of the anti-hookwormimmune response 256 13.11 Conclusion 258 References for further reading 259 14 Nematoda: Trichuris 263 Colby Zaph 14.1 Trichuris infection 263 14.2 Life cycle and pathogenesis 264 14.3 Immunity to Trichuris 265 14.4 Recognition by the immune system 265 14.5 Innate immune responses 265 14.6 Adaptive immune responses 269 14.7 Immune memory 269 14.8 Vaccines 270 14.9 Trichuris as a therapeutic 270 14.10 Summary 271 References for further reading 271 15 Nematoda: Trichinella 275 Judith A. Appleton, Lisa K. Blum and Nebiat G. Gebreselassie 15.1 Life cycle 275 15.2 Pathogenesis 277 15.3 Adaptive immunity 278 15.4 Immunopathology 282 15.5 Evasion strategies 283 References for further reading 284 16 Trematoda: Schistosomes 287 Mark Wilson 16.1 The schistosome life cycle 287 16.2 Immunological recognition of schistosomes 290 16.3 Innate effector mechanisms 291 16.4 Adaptive immunity 292 16.5 Memory responses 297 16.6 Schistosome antigens eliciting immune responses 298 16.7 Immune evasion 298 16.8 Schistosomiasis and immunopathology 299 References for further reading 303 17 Cestoda: Tapeworm Infection 307 C´esar A. Terrazas,Miriam Rodr´ýguez-Sosa and Luis I. Terrazas 17.1 The life cycle of tapeworms 307 17.2 Epidemiology 309 17.3 Pathology 310 17.4 Innate immunity 311 17.5 Adaptive immunity 312 17.6 Antigens eliciting the immune responses 315 17.7 Immunomodulation or evasivemechanisms 316 17.8 Echinococcosis 316 17.9 Conclusions 320 References for further reading 320 Section 4 18 Co-infection: Immunological Considerations 325 Joanne Lello 18.1 Co-infection is the rule rather than the exception 325 18.2 Interactions between co-infecting parasites 326 18.3 The Th1/Th2 paradigm in co-infection 327 18.4 Co-infection can alter disease severity 328 18.5 Modelling parasite interactions during co-infection 329 18.6 Co-infection as a therapy? 330 18.7 Consideration of co-infection in an ecological framework 331 18.8 Concluding remarks 332 References for further reading 333 19 HIV and Malaria Co-infection 335 Aubrey Cunnington and EleanorM. Riley 19.1 The endemicity of HIV and malaria 335 19.2 HIV infection 335 19.3 Immunopathogenesis of HIV 341 19.4 Interactions between malaria and HIV 343 19.5 Effect of co-infection on treatment of HIV and malaria infections 347 19.6 Combined effects of HIV and malaria on susceptibility to other diseases 348 19.7 Malaria and HIV vaccines 349 19.8 Summary 351 References for further reading 351 20 HIV and Leishmania Co-infection 353 JavierMoreno 20.1 Leishmania parasitaemia is increased in HIV-Leishmania co-infection 354 20.2 Leishmania infection increases viral replication rate 354 20.3 Cell specific interactions between HIV-1 and Leishmania 355 20.4 Immune response interactions between HIV-1 and Leishmania 357 20.5 Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-1/Leishmania co-infection 358 References for further reading 359 21 Gastrointestinal Nematodes and Malaria 361 Mathieu Nacher 21.1 Introduction 361 21.2 Results from field studies in humans are conflicting 361 21.3 Immune responses in GI nematode and malaria co-infections 363 21.4 Stereotypical but different 370 21.5 Animal models of GI nematode-malaria co-infection 370 21.6 Conclusions 372 References for further reading 372 22 Malaria and Schistosomes 375 ShonaWilson and Jamal Khalife 22.1 The epidemiology of schistosomiasis and malaria co-infection 375 22.2 Study design for malaria/schistosome co-infection studies 376 22.3 Antibody responses 380 22.4 Cytokine responses 382 22.5 Contribution of experimental models to the understanding of Schistosoma mansoni and Plasmodium co-infection 384 22.6 Conclusions 385 References for further reading 385 Section 5 23 Hygiene and Other Early Childhood Influences on the Subsequent Function of the Immune System 391 Graham A.W. Rook 23.1 Introduction 392 23.2 The Hygiene Hypothesis (or ‘Old Friends’ hypothesis) 392 23.3 Epidemiological transitions 393 23.4 Compensatory genetic variants 394 23.5 The critical organisms and their immunological role 395 23.6 Helminth infections and allergic disorders 395 23.7 Helminths and non-allergic chronic inflammatory disorders: human data 396 23.8 Animal models of helminth infection used to test the Hygiene Hypothesis 397 23.9 Non-helminthic ‘Old Friends’ 397 23.10 Mechanisms of immunoregulation 398 23.11 Conclusions 399 References for further reading 400 24 Nematodes as Therapeutic Organisms 401 William Harnett andMargaretM. Harnett 24.1 Evidence that parasitic nematodes can protect humans from allergy and autoimmunity 401 24.2 Mechanism of action 404 24.3 Nematodemolecules involved in preventing allergic/autoimmune disease 408 24.4 Clinical aspects 412 References for further reading 413 25.1 Vaccination AgainstMalaria 417 AlbertoMoreno 25.1.1 Malaria vaccines: proof of concept 417 25.1.2 Vaccine development 419 25.1.3 Pre-erythrocytic vaccines 420 25.1.4 Erythrocytic vaccines 423 25.1.5 Transmission-blocking vaccines 425 25.1.6 Whole organism vaccines 426 25.1.7 P. vivax vaccines 427 25.1.8 Concluding remarks 429 References for further reading 429 25.2 Current Approaches to the Development of a Vaccine Against Leishmaniasis 431 Yasuyuki Goto and Steven G. Reed 25.2.1 Vaccination against leishmaniasis 432 25.2.2 Anti-amastigote vaccines 432 25.2.3 Anti-saliva vaccines 436 25.2.4 Transmission prevention vaccines 436 25.2.5 Role of an adjuvant in vaccine development 436 25.2.6 Future directions 438 References for further reading 438 25.3 Vaccination Against Hookworms 441 Brent Schneider,Maria Victoria Periago and Jeffrey M. Bethony 25.3.1 The need for a vaccine 441 25.3.2 The Human HookwormVaccine Initiative 442 25.3.3 The history of hookwormvaccines: experiments in dogs 443 25.3.4 Antibody production against canine hookworm 443 25.3.5 Vaccination against hookwormwith irradiated larvae 444 25.3.6 Lessons from vaccination with irradiated larvae 445 25.3.7 Research identifying target proteins for an anti-hookwormvaccine 446 25.3.8 A human hookwormvaccine phase 1 clinical trial based on Na-ASP2 453 25.3.9 The HHVI takes a different approach 454 25.3.10 Developments through the last century and the future 455 References for further reading 456 25.4 Current Approaches to the Development of a Vaccine Against Filarial Nematodes 459 Sara Lustigman 25.4.1 Introduction to anti-filarial nematode vaccines 459 25.4.2 Anti-O. volvulus and anti-LF vaccines are a valid approach to advance control measures against onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis 461 25.4.3 Future directions for vaccine development 466 25.4.4 Discovery of new vaccine candidates 467 References for further reading 468 Abbreviations 471 Glossary 479 Index 493

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Book SynopsisAn infection that occurs during pregnancy presents a constellation of problems above and beyond those normally associated with the disease. Even a relatively minor infection can threaten the lives of both mother and fetus and cause serious birth defects; and many conventional treatments can produce disastrous side effects during pregnancy. Over the past half-decade, enormous strides have been made in our ability to understand, diagnose, and treat infections in pregnant women. Infections in Pregnancy, Second Edition, is expanded to cover the latest and most useful guidelines for understanding, diagnosing, and treating infections during pregnancy. This comprehensive volume contains in-depth explanations of dozens of diseases and their pathologies, from common infections, such as human papilloma virus, to new and rare diseases. It provides important information on the administration, monitoring, and side effects of new antibiotics; reviews the Centers for Disease Control and PrevTrade Review"This book brings together all of these infections and as such is a comprehensive review of the subject." --Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Volume 19, Number 3, 1999Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Microflora of the Genital Tract. Antibiotic Usage in Pregnancy. Acute Chorioamnionitis. Postpartum Endometritis. Episiotomy Infection and Dehiscence. Soft-Tissue Infection. Syphilis in Pregnancy. Sexually Transmitted Diseases: I Gonorrhea and Chlamydia. Sexually Transmitted Diseases: II Chancroid, Lymphogranuloma Venereum, Granuloma Inguinale, Molluscum Contagiosum, Pediculosis Pubis, and Scabies. Hepatitis in Pregnancy. Varicella-Zoster Infection in Pregnancy. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Pregnancy. Mumps in Pregnancy. Measles in Pregnancy. Influenza Infection in Pregnancy. Protozoan Infection in Pregnancy. Pneumonia in Pregnancy. Preconceptual Counseling. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis definitive source provides practicing professionals and students in the occupational, environmental, and public health and safety fields with the functional basics of biological monitoring. The author examines how environmental exposures to particular chemicals are related to concentrations of markers in body tissues and fluids. Biological Monitoring integrates the applied sciences of industrial/environmental hygiene, epidemiology, public health, occupational medicine, toxicology, biochemistry, and analytical chemistry with the basic sciences to interpret the connections between exposures and lifestyle/environmental influences, and their effects on humans. This comprehensive introduction provides dependable, detailed coverage of: * monitoring for harmful substances in the workplace * the benefits and limitations of testing for critical levels of toxic materials in bodily tissues and fluids * state-of-the-art developments in biological monitoring * a wide vaTable of ContentsPartial table of contents: BASIC MECHANISMS. Concepts in Chemistry. Concepts in Biochemistry. ROUTES OF EXPOSURE, DISTRIBUTION, METABOLISM, AND BIOLOGICAL MONITORING MEDIA. Exposure Routes. Distribution of Xenobiotics After Absorption. MEDICAL/HEALTH SURVEILLANCE, MEDICAL SCREENING, AND MEDICAL MONITORING. Medical Surveillance. Medical Markers and Factors that Affect Them. ADDUCTS; IMMUNOLOGY; AIDS. Adducts: An Overview. DNA Adducts. Hemoglobin Binding as a Dose Monitor for Human Exposure to Carcinogens and Mutagens. Basic Immunology. AIDS Therapy: Functional Changes in Immune Regulating Proteins Caused by Preparation Techniques. Volatile Nitrites: A Valid Health Concern. SPECIAL TOPICS. Biological Exposure Indices. Biological Monitoring and Pesticides. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe demand for safely purified water and the concerns relating to illness and disease from water sources are of prime importance to all countries. This book explores waterborne diseases and reflects the increasing environmental awareness and understanding of public health matters.Trade Review"It is well written, clearly laid out and easily understood. If you come across a water-related disease problem, this should be the first book to turn to." (Environmental Health Journal, March 1999)Table of ContentsAcknowledgments vii Introduction viii 1 An Introduction to the Science and Art of Epidemiology 1 2 Water Supply and Distribution 17 3 Drinking Water and Waterborne Disease 27 4 Illness Associated with Recreational Contact with Water 42 5 Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Infestion) 52 6 Schistosomiasis 57 7 Giardiasis 68 8 Cryptosporidiosis 80 9 Cyclospora 91 10 Naegleria 93 11 Cyanobacteria 95 12 Cholera and Other Vibrios 103 13 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fevers and Other Salmonella Infections 116 14 Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery) 124 15 Campylobacteriosis 133 16 Escherichia coli 143 17 Yersinia Infections 151 18 Plesiomonas Infections 157 19 Aeromonas Infections 160 20 Pseudomonas Infections 165 21 Melioidosis 172 22 Legionnaire’s Disease 175 23 Leptospirosis 182 24 Mycobacterial Disease 189 25 Tularaemia 199 26 Heliocobacter Infections 202 27 Viral Hepatitis 206 28 Viral Gastroenteritis 222 29 Enterovirus Infections Including Poliomyelitis 232 30 Adenoviral Infections 240 31 Chemical Poisoning and Drinking Water 245 32 Cancer and Water 274 33 Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Water 293 References 301 Index 365

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Book SynopsisCommunicable Disease Epidemiology and Control Edited by Norman Noah King''s College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK, and Mary O''Mahony Public Health Laboratory Service, London, UK With the growing interest in communicable diseases and their control worldwide, largely due to new and re-emerging infections, there is a need for up-to-date information in this continually changing field. Timely and wide ranging, Communicable Disease: Epidemiology and Control addresses many of the contemporary issues and provides: * Detailed and concise examination of management issues, such as commissioning and contracting, setting up an incident room, and legal aspects * A practical approach * An examination of a wide spectrum of issues in communicable diseases, including cholera, tuberculosis, Helicobacter pylori, and sexually transmitted diseases This volume is an invaluable resource for microbiologists, epidemiologists and all professionals involved in public health.Table of ContentsEPIDEMIOLOGY. Global Trends in Communicable Disease Control (A. Cliff & P. Haggett). Recent Trends in the Epidemiology and Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections (I. Simms & A. Nicoll). The Global Resurgence of Cholera (E. Mintz, et al.). The Resurgence of Tuberculosis (J. Grange). The Epidemiology of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (R. Khabbaz & J. Childs). Consequences of Helicobacter pylori Infection (R. Feldman & D. Strachan). MANAGEMENT ISSUES. Commissioning and Contracting Issues in Communicable Disease Control (G. Duckworth & A. Cummins). Setting Up an Incident Room (E. Mitchell). Legal Aspects of Communicable Disease Control (M. Painter & J. Button). Surveillance of Infectious Disease in a Region (S. Palmer). Appendix. Index.

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Book SynopsisTells how smallpox, a disease that killed, blinded, and scarred millions over centuries of human history, was completely eradicated in a spectacular triumph of medicine and public health.Trade Review"Dr. Foege's book ... remind[s] us how fragile life looks." New York Times "Bounces the reader along with him in his jeep, on motorbikes over rugged terrain and on bustling trains... (And) shows what can be accomplished when governments and thousands of health workers focus on a single objective. " Wall Street Journal "[Foege] writes a mixture of memoir, dry public health guide and riveting tale of an all-consuming mission." -- Tiffany O'Callaghan New Scientist "A readable and thorough account by a key player in this outstanding victory for public health." Library Journal "A reminder of the importance of preventive medicine." Jama "A great, quick, and intensely personal read about the inside story of Foege's revolutionary idea and powerful actions... Foege was wise before his time." Medpage Today "Demonstrate[s] the enormous benefit that can accrue to mankind when a determined and ambitious band of individuals come together." The Lancet "Gives an intimate sense of what it is like to work on the ground in some of the world's most impoverished countries -- and tells what it is like to contribute to programs that really do change the world." Scienceblogs.com/The Guardian "Inspiring... A fascinating human interest account that is expertly merged with scientific facts." -- Pascal James Imperato Jrnl Of Community Health "A fascinating account" The Bulletin Of The Royal College Of PathologistsTable of ContentsList of Illustrations Foreword by Carmen Hooker Odom and Samuel L. Milbank Foreword by David J. Sencer Preface Part One. Africa: Identifying the Key Strategy 1. A Loathsome Disease 2. A Succession of Mentors 3. Practicing Public Health in Nigeria 4. Fire Line around a Virus 5. Extinguishing Smallpox in a Time of War Part Two. India: Meeting the Challenge of Eradication 6. Under the Rule of Variola 7. Unwarranted Optimism 8. A Gorgeous Coalition 9. Rising Numbers, Refining Strategy 10. Water on a Burning House 11. Smallpox Zero Conclusion Postscript Appendix: A Plan in the Event of Smallpox Bioterrorism Notes Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisTells how smallpox, a disease that killed, blinded, and scarred millions over centuries of human history, was completely eradicated in a spectacular triumph of medicine and public health. This title details the remarkable program that involved people from countries around the world in pursuit of a single objective - eliminating smallpox.Trade Review"Dr. Foege's book ... remind[s] us how fragile life looks." New York Times "Bounces the reader along with him in his jeep, on motorbikes over rugged terrain and on bustling trains... (And) shows what can be accomplished when governments and thousands of health workers focus on a single objective. " Wall Street Journal "[Foege] writes a mixture of memoir, dry public health guide and riveting tale of an all-consuming mission." -- Tiffany O'Callaghan New Scientist "A readable and thorough account by a key player in this outstanding victory for public health." Library Journal "A reminder of the importance of preventive medicine." Jama "A great, quick, and intensely personal read about the inside story of Foege's revolutionary idea and powerful actions... Foege was wise before his time." Medpage Today "Demonstrate[s] the enormous benefit that can accrue to mankind when a determined and ambitious band of individuals come together." The Lancet "Gives an intimate sense of what it is like to work on the ground in some of the world's most impoverished countries -- and tells what it is like to contribute to programs that really do change the world." Scienceblogs.com/The Guardian "Inspiring... A fascinating human interest account that is expertly merged with scientific facts." -- Pascal James Imperato Jrnl Of Community Health "A fascinating account" The Bulletin Of The Royal College Of PathologistsTable of ContentsList of Illustrations Foreword by Carmen Hooker Odom and Samuel L. Milbank Foreword by David J. Sencer Preface Part One. Africa: Identifying the Key Strategy 1. A Loathsome Disease 2. A Succession of Mentors 3. Practicing Public Health in Nigeria 4. Fire Line around a Virus 5. Extinguishing Smallpox in a Time of War Part Two. India: Meeting the Challenge of Eradication 6. Under the Rule of Variola 7. Unwarranted Optimism 8. A Gorgeous Coalition 9. Rising Numbers, Refining Strategy 10. Water on a Burning House 11. Smallpox Zero Conclusion Postscript Appendix: A Plan in the Event of Smallpox Bioterrorism Notes Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisLeading researchers discuss key aspects of the biology of Salmonella enterica infections in this broad-ranging book. It will equip the reader with detailed and up-to-date knowledge of S. enterica, giving an integrated view of clinical, molecular and immunological aspects of these infections.Trade Review'Whether your interests lie in human or animal infection, in the virulence factors that make Salmonella such a successful pathogen, or even in the ability of Salmonella to be used for the immunotherapy of cancer, this book should prove a useful addition to bookshelves in libraries and research labs.' Jay Hinton, Institute of Food ResearchTable of Contents1. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of human typhoid fever Christopher M. Parry; 2. Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella infections Fiona J. Cooke and John Wain; 3. Host-specificity of Salmonella infections in animal species Timothy S. Wallis; 4. Public health aspects of Salmonella enterica in food production Tom Humphrey; 5. The Salmonella genome: a global view Anne L. Bishop, Gordon Dougan and Stephen Baker; 6. Pathogenicity islands and virulence of Salmonella enterica Michael Hensel; 7. In vivo identification, expression and function of Salmonella virulence genes Helen Andrews-Polymenis, Caleb W. Dorsey, Manuela Raffatellu and Andreas J. Bäumler; 8. Mechanisms of immunity to Salmonella infections Pietro Mastroeni; 9. Interactions of Salmonella enterica with phagocytic cells Bruce D. McCollister and Andres Vazquez-Torres; 10. Interactions between Salmonella and dendritic cells: what happens along the way? Cecilia Johansson, Malin Sundquist and Mary Jo Wick; 11. Immunity to Salmonella in domestic (food animal) species Paul Wigley, Paul Barrow and Bernardo Villarreal-Ramos; 12. Newer vaccines against typhoid fever and gastrointestinal Salmonelloses Richard A. Strugnell and Odilia L. C. Wijburg; 13. Salmonella enterica-based antigen delivery systems José A. Chabalgoity.

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Book SynopsisWhen the Dutch government moved to stop headhunting by the Marind people of New Guinea in 1902 their actions unleashed new epidemics among a population suffering from low fertility. Donovanosis, a sexually transmitted infection for which no medicine was available, affected huge numbers. This compelling book investigates the causes of this epidemic,

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Book SynopsisBeginning with the streptomycins and penicillins, hundreds of antibiotics have been developed and come into routine use since the 1930s. This handbook contains records for all the major drugs currently used in the treatment of infection. It provides monographs for 1600 anti-infective agents.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. How to Use This Book. Glossary of Units. Abbreviations and Symbols. Part I: Main Entries. Anthelmintics. Antiamebics. Antibiotics. Antibacterial Adjuncts. Antifungals. Antimalarials. Antipneumocystis Agents. Antiprotozoals. Antirickettsials. Antiseptics. Antisyphilitics. Antivirals. Part II: Indexes. CAS Registry Number Index. EINECS Number Index. Name and Synonym Index. Part III: Manufacturer and Suppliers Directory.

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Book SynopsisFrom the Pulitzer Prize–winning author of The Looming Tower, and the pandemic novel The End of October: an unprecedented, momentous account of Covid-19—its origins, its wide-ranging repercussions, and the ongoing global fight to contain it A book of panoramic breadth ... managing to surprise us about even those episodes we … thought we knew well … [With] lively exchanges about spike proteins and nonpharmaceutical interventions and disease waves, Wright’s storytelling dexterity makes all this come alive.” —The New York Times Book ReviewFrom the fateful first moments of the outbreak in China to the storming of the U.S. Capitol to the extraordinary vaccine rollout, Lawrence Wright’s The Plague Year tells the story of Covid-19 in authoritative, galvanizing detail and with the full drama of events on both a global and intimate scale, illuminating the medical, economic, politica

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisRanging through the history of medicine, from the Hippocratic theory of humors to modern explanations of Mad Cow Disease and chronic fatigue syndrome, this book analyzes the development and acceptance of scientific ideas. It challenges both traditional philosophy of science and contemporary science studies.Trade Review"Thagard ... presents a detailed structure for the scientific understanding of disease... [A] valuable work... Recommended."--Library Journal "This book is remarkable for its clarity and its lack of doctrine. At each stage, Thagard outlines in plain terms precisely what he is trying to explain, and illustrates his explanation ... It is precisely this even-handed and commonsense approach that allows him to give an accurate portrayal of what scientific advance is like. If this is what philosophers can do for science and medicine, we need more help from them."--Charles Bangham, The Times Higher Education Supplement "An engaging look at contemporary medical science."--K. Codell Carter, Journal of the History of Medicine "For anyone who has practised medicine long enough to wonder how and why some theories become fashionable and others fail to thrive, this book will make an interesting read. Paul Thagard finds both the traditional view of science as logic and the postmodern view of science as power inadequate for understanding how science develops."--Julia Lowe, British Medical Journal "This clear and easy to read book is suitable for the general public and students, as well as professional philosophers of science... The general reader will appreciate introductions to the logical, cognitive, and sociological approaches to the study of science... Useful summaries at the end of each chapter allow a quick read of main points."--Lindley Darden, Philosophy of ScienceTable of ContentsList of FiguresList of TablesPrefaceAcknowledgmentsPt. 1Explanations1Ch. 1Explaining Science3Ch. 2Explaining Disease20Pt. 2The Bacterial Theory of Peptic Ulcers37Ch. 3Ulcers and Bacteria: Discovery39Ch. 4Ulcers and Bacteria: Acceptance56Ch. 5Ulcers and Bacteria: Instruments and Experiments71Ch. 6Ulcers and Bacteria: Social Interactions84Pt. 3Cognitive Processes99Ch. 7Causes, Correlations, and Mechanisms101Ch. 8Discovering Causes: Scurvy, Mad Cow Disease, AIDS, and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome118Ch. 9Medical Analogies135Ch. 10Diseases, Germs, and Conceptual Change148Pt. 4Social Processes165Ch. 11Collaborative Knowledge167Ch. 12Medical Consensus185Ch. 13Science and Medicine on the Internet199Pt. 5Conclusion217Ch. 14Science as a Complex System219References243Index259

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Book SynopsisMathematical modeling is critical to our understanding of how infectious diseases spread at the individual and population levels. This book explains how to translate biological assumptions into mathematics to construct useful and consistent models, and how to use the biological interpretation and mathematical reasoning to analyze these models.Trade Review"A much needed book. Mathematical Tools for Understanding Infectious Disease Dynamics is a welcome addition to the current literature and will hopefully help to unify the many different views in the field."--Laura Matrajt, SIAM Review "The overtly pedagogical features of this text make it an outstanding choice for someone trying to learn the basic tools of the trade. The mathematician who makes a serious study of this text will be in an excellent position to work fruitfully with biologists or epidemiologists on either theoretical or data-driven problems of disease transmission."--Carl A. Toews, Mathematical Reviews "This book will soon be a classic in the theoretical epidemiology and modeling literature."--Mirjam Kretzschmar, Biometrical JournalTable of ContentsPreface xi A brief outline of the book xii I The bare bones: Basic issues in the simplest context 1 *1 The epidemic in a closed population 3 *1.1 The questions (and the underlying assumptions) 3 *1.2 Initial growth 4 *1.3 The final size 14 *1.4 The epidemic in a closed population: summary 28*2 Heterogeneity: The art of averaging 33 *2.1 Differences in infectivity 33 *2.2 Differences in infectivity and susceptibility 39 *2.3 The pitfall of overlooking dependence 41 *2.4 Heterogeneity: a preliminary conclusion 43*3 Stochastic modeling: The impact of chance 45 *3.1 The prototype stochastic epidemic model 46 *3.2 Two special cases 48 *3.3 Initial phase of the stochastic epidemic 51 *3.4 Approximation of the main part of the epidemic 58 *3.5 Approximation of the final size 60 *3.6 The duration of the epidemic 69 *3.7 Stochastic modeling: summary 71*4 Dynamics at the demographic time scale 73 *4.1 Repeated outbreaks versus persistence 73 *4.2 Fluctuations around the endemic steady state 75 *4.3 Vaccination 84 *4.4 Regulation of host populations 87 *4.5 Tools for evolutionary contemplation 91 *4.6 Markov chains: models of infection in the ICU 101 *4.7 Time to extinction and critical community size 107 *4.8 Beyond a single outbreak: summary 124*5 Inference, or how to deduce conclusions from data 127 *5.1 Introduction 127 *5.2 Maximum likelihood estimation 127 *5.3 An example of estimation: the ICU model 130 *5.4 The prototype stochastic epidemic model 134 *5.5 ML-estimation of alpha and ss in the ICU model 146 *5.6 The challenge of reality: summary 148 II Structured populations 151 *6 The concept of state 153 *6.1 i-states 153 *6.2 p-states 157 *6.3 Recapitulation, problem formulation and outlook 159*7 The basic reproduction number 161 *7.1 The definition of R0 161 *7.2 NGM for compartmental systems 166 *7.3 General h-state 173 *7.4 Conditions that simplify the computation of R0 175 *7.5 Sub-models for the kernel 179 *7.6 Sensitivity analysis of R0 181 *7.7 Extended example: two diseases 183 *7.8 Pair formation models 189 *7.9 Invasion under periodic environmental conditions 192 *7.10 Targeted control 199 *7.11 Summary 203*8 Other indicators of severity 205 *8.1 The probability of a major outbreak 205 *8.2 The intrinsic growth rate 212 *8.3 A brief look at final size and endemic level 219 *8.4 Simplifications under separable mixing 221*9 Age structure 227 *9.1 Demography 227 *9.2 Contacts 228 *9.3 The next-generation operator 229 *9.4 Interval decomposition 232 *9.5 The endemic steady state 233 *9.6 Vaccination 234*10 Spatial spread 239 *10.1 Posing the problem 239 *10.2 Warming up: the linear diffusion equation 240 *10.3 Verbal reflections suggesting robustness 242 *10.4 Linear structured population models 244 *10.5 The nonlinear situation 246 *10.6 Summary: the speed of propagation 248 *10.7 Addendum on local finiteness 249*11 Macroparasites 251 *11.1 Introduction 251 *11.2 Counting parasite load 253 *11.3 The calculation of R0 for life cycles 260 *11.4 A 'pathological' model 261*12 What is contact? 265 *12.1 Introduction 265 *12.2 Contact duration 265 *12.3 Consistency conditions 272 *12.4 Effects of subdivision 274 *12.5 Stochastic final size and multi-level mixing 278 *12.6 Network models (an idiosyncratic view) 286 *12.7 A primer on pair approximation 302 III Case studies on inference 307 *13 Estimators of R0 derived from mechanistic models 309 *13.1 Introduction 309 *13.2 Final size and age-structured data 311 *13.3 Estimating R0 from a transmission experiment 319 *13.4 Estimators based on the intrinsic growth rate 320*14 Data-driven modeling of hospital infections 325 *14.1 Introduction 325 *14.2 The longitudinal surveillance data 326 *14.3 The Markov chain bookkeeping framework 327 *14.4 The forward process 329 *14.5 The backward process 333 *14.6 Looking both ways 334*15 A brief guide to computer intensive statistics 337 *15.1 Inference using simple epidemic models 337 *15.2 Inference using 'complicated' epidemic models 338 *15.3 Bayesian statistics 339 *15.4 Markov chain Monte Carlo methodology 341 *15.5 Large simulation studies 344 IV Elaborations 347 *16 Elaborations for Part I 349 *16.1 Elaborations for Chapter 1 349 *16.2 Elaborations for Chapter 2 368 *16.3 Elaborations for Chapter 3 375 *16.4 Elaborations for Chapter 4 380 *16.5 Elaborations for Chapter 5 402*17 Elaborations for Part II 407 *17.1 Elaborations for Chapter 7 407 *17.2 Elaborations for Chapter 8 432 *17.3 Elaborations for Chapter 9 445 *17.4 Elaborations for Chapter 10 451 *17.5 Elaborations for Chapter 11 455 *17.6 Elaborations for Chapter 12 465*18 Elaborations for Part III 483 *18.1 Elaborations for Chapter 13 483 *18.2 Elaborations for Chapter 15 488 Bibliography 491 Index 497

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"A Choice Outstanding Academic Title of the Year""An entry-level introduction to virology that fascinated me"---Leon Vlieger, Inquisitive Biologist"This book offers an excellent overview of the main tenets of viral biology, designed to help readers better understand why viruses cause infection while also highlighting how our environment could not function properly without them."---C. Kale, Choice"Throughout her infectiously enthusiastic, irresistibly illustrated analysis, [Roossinck] emphasizes viral complexity.`"---Andrew Robinson, Nature"[This book] will surely inspire future generations of scientists."---William P. Hanage, The Quarterly Review of Biology

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"This book teaches us to be skilled but pragmatic clinicians, diagnose and treat common and rare conditions. It shows us how to take a simple history and a focussed examination, make efficient use of simple diagnostics tests and investigations which are available in settings with limited resources at your disposition. It covers the investigation, diagnosis, and treatment of common conditions as well as the more complex, rare infectious diseases. Most of all, it teaches us to be empathic, and caring practitioners. It will remind you why you entered the caring profession in the first place." -Conor Maguire (National Immunisation Advisory Committee, Ireland)Table of ContentsA 20-Year-Old Woman from Sudan With Fever, Haemorrhage and Shock A 7-Year-Old Girl from Peru With a Chronic Skin Ulcer A 26-Year-Old Woman from Malawi with Headache, Confusion and Unilateral Ptosis A 4-Year-Old Girl from Uganda in a Coma A 4-Year-Old Boy from Laos With a Lesion of the Lip and Cheek A 36-Year-Old Male Traveller Returning from Botswana With a Creeping Eruption A 28-Year-Old Male Fisherman from Malawi With Shortness of Breath A 26-Year-Old Female Traveller Returning from Ghana With a Boil on the Leg A 52-Year-Old Man from Vietnam With Evolving Shock A 55-Year-Old Indigenous Woman from Australia With a Widespread Exfoliating Rash and Sepsis A 45-Year-Old Male Security Guard from Malawi With Difficulties in Walking and Back Pain A 29-Year-Old Man from The Gambia With Genital Ulceration A 16-Year-Old Girl from Malawi With Fever and Abdominal Pain A 22-Year-Old Woman from Bangladesh With Profuse Watery Diarrhoea A 3-Year-Old Boy from Laos With Right Suppurative Parotitis A 25-Year-Old Female School Teacher from Malawi With Abrupt Onset of Fever and Confusion A 34-Year-Old Man from Thailand With Fever and a Papular Rash A 56-Year-Old Man Returning from a Trip to Thailand With Eosinophilia A 40-Year-Old Man from Togo With Subcutaneous Nodules and Corneal Opacities A 43-Year-Old Male Traveller Returning from Mozambique With Fever and Eosinophilia A 35-Year-Old American Man With Fatigue and a Neck Lesion 32-Year-Old Woman from Nigeria With Jaundice and Confusion A 31-Year-Old HIV-Positive Business Traveller With Cough, Shortness of Breath and Night Sweats A 14-Year-Old Boy from Rural Tanzania With Difficulty in Walking A 72-Year-Old Male Farmer from Laos With Extensive Skin Lesions on the Lower Leg A 14-Year-Old Boy from Malawi Who Has Been Bitten by a Snake A 16-Year-Old Boy from Sri Lanka With Fever Jaundice and Renal Failure A 67-Year-Old Female Expatriate Living in Cameroon With Eosinophilia and Pericarditis A 35-Year-Old Woman from Malawi With Fever and Severe Anaemia A 12-Year-Old Boy from Rural Kenya With Painful Eyes A 6-Year-Old Boy from Malawi With Fever, Cough and Impaired Consciousness A 44-Year-Old Male Farmer from Laos With Diabetes and a Back Abscess A 53-Year-Old Man from Malawi With a Chronic Cough A 35-Year-Old Male Farmer from Peru With a Chronic Ulcer and Multiple Nodular Lesions on the Arm A 32-Year-Old Woman from Malawi With Headache and Blurred Vision A 23-Year-Old Farmer from Myanmar With Unilateral Scrotal Swelling A 29-Year-Old Woman from Malawi With Confusion, Diarrhoea and a Skin Rash A 24-Year-Old Female Globetrotter With Strange Sensations in the Right Side of Her Body A 30-Year-Old Male Chinese Trader With Fever in Laos A 62-Year-Old Woman from Ethiopia With Difficulty Eating A 7-Year-Old Girl from West Africa With Two Skin Ulcers and a Contracture of Her Right Wrist A 41-Year-Old Male Traveller Returning from Australia With Itchy Eruptions on His Thighs A 35-Year-Old Malawian Woman With a Painful Ocular Tumour A 7-Year-Old Girl from South Sudan With Undulating Fever A 2-Month-Old Girl from Laos With Dyspnoea, Cyanosis and Irritability A 45-Year-Old Man from Sri Lanka With Fever and Right Hypochondrial Pain A 32-Year-Old Man from Malawi With a Painfully Swollen Neck A 31-Year-Old Woman from Tanzania With Acute Flaccid Paraplegia A 33-Year-Old Male Traveller to India With Diarrhoea and Flatulence for Two Weeks A 24-Year-Old Man of Turkish Origin With Jaundice and Cystic Liver Lesions A 34-Year-Old HIV-Positive Woman from Malawi With Slowly Progressive Half-Sided Weakness A 56-Year-Old Man from Peru With Prolonged Fever and Severe Anaemia A 24-Year-Old Woman from Uganda With Fever and Shock A 52-Year-Old Male Safari Tourist Returning from South Africa With Fever and a Skin Lesion A 40-Year-Old Male Farmer from Peru With Chronic Cough and Weight Loss A 21-Year-Old Pregnant Woman from The Gambia With a Rash A 37-Year-Old Woman from Malawi With Haematemesis A 25-Year-Old Woman from Egypt With Severe Chronic Diarrhoea and Malabsorption A 24-Year-Old Man from Malawi With Skin Lesions and Breathlessness A 6-Year-Old Boy from Malawi With Proptosis of the Left Eye A 48-Year-Old Woman from Thailand With Fever and Disseminated Cutaneous Abscesses A 28-Year-Old Man from Ghana With a Chronic Ulcer on His Ankle A 38-Year-Old European Expatriate Living in Malawi With Difficulty Passing Urine A 40-Year-Old Woman from Thailand and Her Brother-in-Law With Severe Headache A 4-Year-Old Girl from Bolivia With a Dark Nodule on Her Toe A 32-Year-Old Man from Malawi With Pain in the Right Upper Abdomen and a Feeling of Faintness A 24-Year-Old Woman from the Peruvian Andes With Fever and Abdominal Pain A 31-Year-Old Woman from Malawi With a Generalized Mucocutaneous Rash A 22-Year-Old Male Farmer from Rural Ethiopia With Difficulty Walking A 58-Year-Old Woman from Sri Lanka With Fever, Deafness and Confusion A 71-Year-Old Man from Japan With Eosinophilia and a Nodular Lesion in the Lung A 4-Year-Old Boy from Mozambique With Severe Oedema and Skin Lesions A 21-Year-Old Male Migrant from Rural Mali With Massive Splenomegaly A 28-Year-Old Woman from Sierra Leone With Fever and Conjunctivitis A 25-Year-Old Woman from Zambia With a New-Onset Seizure A 55-Year Old Woman from Turkey With Fever of Unknown Origin A 51-Year-Old Female Traveller Returning from Central America With Conjunctivitis, Rash and Peripheral Oedema A 42-Year-Old British Man Living in Malawi With Anaphylactic Shock A 34-Year-Old Male Immigrant from Peru With Chronic Diarrhoea and Severe Weight Loss A 62-Year-Old Man from Thailand With a Liver Mass A 33-Year-Old Refugee from Afghanistan With Recurrent Fever and Back Pain A 31-Year-Old Man from Guatemala With Acute Weakness and Numbness of the Leg An 18-Year-Old Man from India With a Pale Patch on His Right Upper Limb A 64-Year-Old Japanese Man With Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures A 55-Year-Old Female Pig Farmer from Vietnam With Fever and Impaired Consciousness A 14-Year-Old Girl in the Solomon Islands With a Non-Healing Leg Ulcer A 27-Year-Old Male Traveller Returning from the Peruvian Amazon With Persisting Polyarthralgias A 74-Year-Old Man from Japan With Fever, Nausea and Drowsiness A 30-Year-Old Woman from Bolivia With Exertional Dyspnoea A 55-Year-Old Couple Both Returning from Chile and Argentina With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome A 20-Year-Old Male from India With Fever and Quadriparesis A 42-Year-Old Traveller Returning from Thailand With Fever and Thrombocytopenia A 35-Year-Old Male Logger from Peru With Fever, Jaundice and Bleeding A 20-Year-Old Woman from the Democratic Republic of the Congo With Fever and a Vesiculopustular Skin Rash A 42-Year-Old Male Refugee from the Democratic Republic of the Congo With Progressive Depression A 19-Year-Old Boy from India With Drooping, Diplopia and Dysphagia An 87-Year-Old Japanese Man With a Serpiginous Erythema on the Right Thigh A 17-Year-Old Boy from South India With a Fever and a Reduced Level of Consciousness A 43-Year-Old Male Traveller Returning from the Australian Outback with Fever, Joint Pains and a Rash A 25-Year-Old Man from Ethiopia With a Nodular Rash A 46-Year-Old Male Traveller with Chronic Cough After a Trip to South America A 16-Year-Old Male Refugee from Somalia With High Fever and Slurred Speech A 43-Year-Old Man from Peru With a Chronic Fistulating Foot Lesion

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