Industry and industrial studies Books

Book SynopsisFor those who could read between the lines, the censored news out of China was terrifying. But the president insisted there was nothing to worry about.Trade Review"Lewis brings a welcome gimlet eye to the Trump era… the lessons of the “The Premonition” apply to more than just the C.D.C. — they tell us why government bureaucracies fail." -- Nick Confessore - The New York Times Book Review

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Book SynopsisIn this book, Jane Jacobs, building on the work of her debut, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, investigates the delicate way cities balance the interplay between the domestic production of goods and the ever-changing tide of imports. Using case studies of developing cities in the ancient, pre-agricultural world, and contemporary cities on the decline, like the financially irresponsible New York City of the mid-sixties, Jacobs identifies the main drivers of urban prosperity and growth, often via counterintuitive and revelatory lessons.

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Book SynopsisFrom the collaborators behind the modern business classic All the Devils are Here comes a damning indictment of American capitalism?and the leaders that left us brutally unprepared for a global pandemicIn 2020, the novel coronavirus pandemic made it painfully clear that the U.S. could not adequately protect its citizens. Millions of Americans suffered?and over a million died?in less than two years, while government officials blundered; prize-winning economists overlooked devastating trade-offs; and elites escaped to isolated retreats, unaffected by and even profiting from the pandemic.Why and how did America, in a catastrophically enormous failure, become the world leader in COVID deaths? In this page-turning economic, political, and financial history, veteran journalists Bethany McLean and Joe Nocera offer fresh and provocative answers. With laser-sharp analysis and deep sourcing, they investigate both what really happened when governments ran out of PPE due to snarled supply chains and the shock to the financial system when the world''s biggest economy stumbled. They zero in on the effectiveness of wildly polarized approaches, from governor Andrew Cuomo''s lockdowns to governor Ron DeSantis''s insistence on keeping Florida open under the guidance of scientist Jay Bhattacharya. And they trace why thousands diedin hollowed-out hospital systems and nursing homes run byprivate equity firmsto ?maximize shareholder value.In the tradition of the authors? previous landmark exposés, The Big Fail is an expansive, insightful account on what the pandemic did to the economy and how American capitalism has jumped the rails?and is essential reading to understand where we?re going next.

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Book SynopsisMore than 300 printing type fonts are illustrated, each shown in its entirety, along with examples of typeset documents that use them. There are examples of body fonts in various sizes and leadings, and a host of initials and monograms. This early 20th century gem finds new life in a book that will serve as standard reference in any graphic design library. Great old fonts like Copperplate, Cheltenham, Goudy, Bodoni, and Garamond, are represented along with great calligraphic, typewriter, and other fancy fonts. A wonderful assortment of Art Deco fonts find a home in this book, like Newport, Rosetti, Agency, Boul Mich, Gallia, Parisian, and many more.

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Book SynopsisThe most comprehensive and thorough reference work available for petroleum engineers of all levels. Finally, there is a one-stop reference book for the petroleum engineer which offers practical, easy-to-understand responses to complicated technical questions. This is a must-have for any engineer or non-engineer working in the petroleum industry, anyone studying petroleum engineering, or any reference library. Written by one of the most well-known and prolific petroleum engineering writers who has ever lived, this modern classic is sure to become a staple of any engineer's library and a handy reference in the field. Whether open on your desk, on the hood of your truck at the well, or on an offshore platform, this is the only book available that covers the petroleum engineer's rules of thumb that have been compiled over decades. Some of these rules, until now, have been unspoken but everyone knows, while others are meant to help guide the engineer through some of the more recent brTable of ContentsPreface xv About the Author xxi Abrasion 1 Absorption 3 Acid Gas Removal 5 Acid Gas Scrubbing 9 Acid Number 11 Acid Rain 13 Acid-Base Catalysts 15 Acidity and Alkalinity 17 Acidizing 19 Adsorption 21 Adsorption Isotherm 23 Adulteration 25 Air Emissions 27 Alcohol Blended Fuels 29 Alcohols 31 Alicyclic Hydrocarbons 33 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 35 Alloys – Composition 37 Amine Absorber 39 Amine Condenser 41 Amine Washing 43 Ammonia 45 Aniline Point 47 Anticline 49 Antoine Equation 51 API Gravity 53 Aromatic Hydrocarbons 59 Asphalt Manufacture 61 Asphaltene Constituents 63 Associated Natural Gas 65 Atmospheric Equivalent Boiling Point 67 Auto-ignition Temperature 69 Barrel 71 Baumé Gravity 73 Benchmark Crude Oil 75 Bernoulli’s Principle 77 Biomass and Biofuels 79 Bitumen 83 Bituminous Rock and Bituminous Sand 85 Black Acids 87 Black Oil 89 Blending and Mixing 91 Boiling Point and Boiling Range 95 Brine 97 Bubble Point and Bubble Point Pressure 99 Bureau of Mines Correlation Index 101 Calorific Value 103 Capillary Forces 105 Capillary Number 107 Capillary Pressure 109 Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide 111 Carbon Number and Possible Isomers 113 Carbonate Reservoir 115 Carbonate Washing and Water Washing 117 Catalyst Pore Diameter 119 Catalytic Materials 121 Catalytic Reforming 123 Cementation Value 125 Cetane Index 127 Characterization Factor 129 Chemical Reaction Rates 131 Chemicals Reactive with Water 133 Chemometrics 135 Clausius Equation and Clausius-Clapeyron Equation 137 Coal – General Properties 139 Coke Yield from Conradson Carbon 141 Common Acronyms 143 Common Names of Selected Chemical Compounds 145 Common Unit Conversions 147 Commonly Used Constants 149 Compressibility 151 Coning 153 Conversion Charts 155 Conversion Factors 157 Correlation Index 163 Corrosion 165 Corrosion – Fuel Ash 167 Corrosion – Naphthenic Acid 169 Cricondenbar 171 Cricondentherm 173 Critical Properties 175 Critical Temperatures of Gases 177 Crude Oil – Assay 179 Crude Oil – Classification 181 Crude Oil – Desalting 183 Crude Oil – Distillation 185 Crude Oil – Fractional Composition 187 Crude Oil – Hydrotreating 189 Crude Oil – Molecular Composition 191 Crude Oil – Primary Recovery 193 Crude Oil – Recovery 195 Crude Oil – Refining 197 Crude Oil – Residua 201 Crude Oil – Sampling and Analysis 203 Crude Oil – Secondary Recovery 205 Crude Oil – Tertiary Recovery 207 Crude Oil from Tight Formations 209 Darcy and Non-Darcy Flow in Porous Media 211 Darcy’s Law 213 Decimal Multipliers for SI Prefixes 215 Decline Curve Evaluation 217 Delivery Point 219 Density, Specific Gravity, and API Gravity 221 Density-Boiling Point Constant 223 Determining Depreciation 225 Dew Point Temperature and Pressure 227 Dielectric Constant 229 Dielectric Loss and Power Factor 231 Diesel Index 233 Dipole Moment 235 Distillation 237 Distillation – Flooding 239 Distillation – Gap-Overlap 241 Drilling Fluid 243 Drilling Fluid Additives 245 E85 Fuel 247 Embrittlement 249 Embrittlement – Hydrogen 251 Emulsion 253 Enhanced Oil Recovery 255 Environmental Regulations 259 Evaporation 261 Expansion and Contraction of Solids 263 Explosive Limits 265 Fire Point 267 Fischer-Tropsch Chemistry 269 Flammability and Flammability Limits 271 Flash Point 273 Flow Through Porous Media 275 Fluid Catalytic Cracking – Chemistry 277 Fluid Flow Fundamentals 279 Fluid Flow Through Permeable Media 281 Fluid Flow 289 Fluid Saturation 291 Foamy Oil 293 Formation Volume Factor 295 Fouling 297 Fracturing Fluids 299 Fuel Oil 303 Functional Groups 305 Fundamental Physical Constants 309 Gas Deviation Factor 311 Gas Formation Volume Factor 313 Gas Laws 315 Gas Processing – Hydrogen Sulfide Conversion 319 Gas Processing – Metal Oxide Processes 321 Gas Processing – Olamine Processes 323 Gas Processing – Sweetening 325 Gas Processing – Absorption and Adsorption Processes 327 Gas Processing – Acid Gas Removal 329 Gas Processing – Carbonate and Water Washing Processes 331 Gas Processing – Catalytic Oxidation Processes 333 Gas Processing - Fractionation 335 Gas Processing – Gas-Oil Separation 337 Gas Processing – Liquids Removal 339 Gas Processing – Metal Oxide Processes 341 Gas Processing – Methanol-Based Processes 343 Gas Processing – Molecular Sieve Processes 345 Gas Processing – Nitrogen Removal 347 Gas Processing – Physical Solvent Processes 349 Gas Processing – Plant Schematic and Products 351 Gas Processing – Processes and Process Selection 353 Gas Processing – Water Removal 361 Gas Solubility 363 Gas-Condensate Reservoirs 365 Gaseous Fuels 367 Gaseous Hydrocarbons – General Properties 369 Gasification – Chemistry 371 Gasification – Refinery Resids 373 Gas-Liquid Solubility 375 Gas-Oil Ratio 377 Gas-Oil Separation 379 Gasoline – Component Streams 381 Gas-to-Liquids 383 Geological Time Scale 385 Geothermal Gradient 387 Glycol 389 Grease 391 Greek Alphabet 393 Hazardous Chemicals 395 Hazardous Waste 399 Heat Capacity 401 Heat Content of Petroleum Products 403 Heat Exchangers 405 Heat of Combustion of Petroleum Fuels 407 Heat of Combustion of Petroleum Fuels 409 Heat Transfer Coefficient 411 Heat Transfer – Convection and Conduction 413 Heating Value 415 Heavy Feedstock Conversion – Thermal Processes 417 Heterogeneity 419 Heterogeneous Catalysis and Homogeneous Catalysis 421 High-Acid Crudes 423 Hydrate Formation and Prevention 425 Hydraulic Fracturing 427 Hydrocarbon Gases – Physical Constants 429 Hydroconversion 431 Hydrogen Chloride 433 Hydrogen in Refineries 435 Hydrogen Sulfide Conversion 437 Hydrogen Sulfide 439 Hydrogen 441 Hydrostatic Pressure 443 Ideal Gas 445 Improved Oil Recovery Processes 447 Incompatible Chemicals 449 Ionic Liquids 451 Isothermal Compressibility of Oil 453 Kinematic Viscosity 455 Liquefied Petroleum Gas 457 Liquid-Gas Separators 459 Lubricants – Classification 461 Lubricating Oil – Base Stock 463 M85 465 Marx-Langenheim Model 467 Material Balance 469 Mean Density – Gas-Air Mixture 471 Mean Density – Gas-Air Mixture 473 Metals Content and FCC Coke Production 475 Methane 477 Molecular Weight of Petroleum Fractions 479 Naphthenic Acids – Corrosion in Distillation Units 481 Naphthenic Acids – Mitigating Corrosion 483 Naphthenic Acids 485 Natural Gas - Associated 487 Natural Gas – Composition 489 Natural Gas – Compressibility 493 Natural Gas – Measurement 495 Natural Gas – Nonassociated 497 Natural Gas – Properties 499 Natural Gas – Specific Gravity 505 Natural Gas – Phase Behavior 507 Natural Gas – Sweetening 509 Natural Gasoline 511 Nitrogen and Nitrogen Oxide Gases 513 Nonassociated Natural Gas 515 Octane Barrel Yield 517 Octane Number 519 Oil and Gas from Tight Formations 521 Oil and Gas Originally in Place 523 Oil Recovery Factor 525 Oil Shale – General Classification 527 Oilfield Chemicals 529 Olamine Processes 531 Olamine 533 On-Stream Factor 535 Opportunity Crudes 537 Organic Compounds – Physical and Thermochemical Data 539 Organic Solvents 547 Oxygen 549 Ozone 551 Paraffin Hydrocarbons 553 Particle Size Classification 555 Permeability 557 Petrochemicals 559 Petroleum Products – Heat Content 561 Petroleum Products 563 Phase Behavior 567 Polychlorobiphenyls 569 Porosity 573 Prefixes 575 Pressure Conversion 577 Principal Component Analysis 579 Process System 581 Product Blending 583 Production Engineering Units 585 Productivity Index 587 Proppants 589 PVT Properties 591 Rate of Reaction 593 Reactor Types 595 Recovery Methods 597 Refinery Feedstocks – Corrosive Constituents 599 Refinery Gas 601 Refinery Types 603 Refinery Units – Materials of Construction and Operating Conditions 605 Refractive Index and Specific Refraction 607 Relative Density 609 Relative Permeability 611 Relative Volatility 613 Reserves – Estimation 615 Reserves 617 Reservoir Crude Oil 619 Reservoir – Drive Mechanisms 621 Reservoir Pressure 623 Reservoir – Types and Classification 625 Reservoir 627 Resid Upgrading Technologies 629 Resource Estimation 631 Retrograde Condensate Systems 633 Retrograde Condensation 635 Reynolds Number 637 Rock Types 639 SARA Analysis 641 Saturated Steam 643 Saturation 645 Sediments, Reservoirs, and Deposits 647 Separators – Gas-Oil Separation 649 Shale Gas Formation 651 Shale Gas Reservoirs – Variation in Shale Properties 653 Shale Gas – Variations in Composition 655 Shale Oil (Kerogen-Derived Oil) – Variation in Properties 657 Shale Plays – Properties 659 SI – International System of Units 661 Solubility Parameter 667 Solvents 669 Specific Gravity 673 Specific Heat 675 Stress-Corrosion Cracking 677 Sulfur Dioxide 679 Sulfur Material Balance 681 Supercritical Fluids 683 Surface Tension 685 Sweetening Processes 687 Synthesis Gas 689 Tar Sand 691 Test Methods 695 Contents xvii Thermal Conductivity 697 Thermal Cracking Processes 699 Tight Formations 701 Unit Process 703 Vapor Density 705 Vapor Pressure 707 Viscosity 709 Viscosity Index 713 Viscosity of Petroleum Fractions 715 Viscosity-Gravity Constant 717 Volume Flow Rate 719 Volumetric Evaluation 721 Volumetric Factors 723 Water – Boiling Point Variation with Pressure 725 Water –Common Impurities 727 Water – Density and Viscosity in Relation to Temperature 729 Water Saturation 731 Watson Characterization Factor 733 Weights and Measures – Density 735 Weights and Measures – Fuels 737 Weights and Measures - General 739 Well Casing 741 Wellbore Stability Analysis 743 Wettability 745 Wobbe Index 747 Working Gas 749 Bibliography and Information Sources 751

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Book SynopsisThis is the fourth volume in a series of books focusing on natural gas engineering, focusing on two of the most important issues facing the industry today: disposal and enhanced recovery of natural gas. This volume includes information for both upstream and downstream operations, including chapters on shale, geological issues, chemical and thermodynamic models, and much more. Written by some of the most well-known and respected chemical and process engineers working with natural gas today, the chapters in this important volume represent the most cutting-edge and state-of-the-art processes and operations being used in the field. Not available anywhere else, this volume is a must-have for any chemical engineer, chemist, or process engineer working with natural gas. There are updates of new technologies in other related areas of natural gas, in addition to disposal and enhanced recovery, including sour gas, acid gas injection, and natural gas hydrate formations. Advances in Natural Table of ContentsSection 1: Data and Correlations 1 Densities of Carbon Dioxide-Rich Mixtures Part I: Comparison with Pure CO2 1 Erin L. Roberts and John J. Carroll 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Density 2 1.3 Literature Review 2 1.4 Calculations 4 1.5 Discussion 19 1.6 Conclusion 27 References 27 2 Densities of Carbon Dioxide-Rich Mixtures Part II: Comparison with Thermodynamic Models 29 Erin L. Roberts and John J. Carroll 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Literature Review 30 2.3 Calculations 30 2.4 Lee Kesler 31 2.5 Benedict-Webb- Rubin (BWR) 37 2.6 Peng-Robinson 43 2.7 Soave-Redlich-Kwong 49 2.8 AQUAlibrium 54 2.9 Discussion 60 2.10 Conclusion 62 References 63 3 On Transferring New Constant Pressure Heat Capacity Computation Methods to Engineering Practice 65 Sepideh Rajaeirad and John M. Shaw 3.1 Introduction 65 3.2 Materials and Methods 66 3.3 Results and Discussion 67 3.4 Conclusions 70 References 70 4 Developing High Precision Heat Capacity Correlations for Solids, Liquids and Ideal Gases 73 Jenny Boutros and John M. Shaw 4.1 Introduction 73 4.2 Databases and Methods 75 4.3 Results and Discussion 77 4.4 Conclusion 77 References 77 5 Method for Generating Shale Gas Fluid Composition from Depleted Sample 79 Henrik Sorensen, Karen S. Pedersen and Peter L. Christensen 5.1 Introduction 79 5.2 Theory of Chemical Equilibrium Applied to Reservoir Fluids 80 5.3 Reservoir Fluid Composition from a Non-Representative Sample 83 5.4 Numerical Examples 87 5.5 Discussion of the Results 94 5.6 Conclusions 96 5.7 Nomenclature 97 Greek letters 97 Sub and super indices 97 References 98 6 Phase Equilibrium in the Systems Hydrogen Sulfi de + Methanol and Carbon Dioxide + Methanol 99 Marco A. Satyro and John J. Carroll 6.1 Introduction 100 6.2 Literature Review 101 6.3 Modelling With Equations Of State 102 6.4 Summary 107 6.5 Nomenclature 108 Greek 109 Subscripts 109 References 109 7 Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium, Viscosity and Interfacial Tension Modelling of Aqueous Solutions of Ethylene Glycol or Triethylene Glycol in the Presence of Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulfide 111 Shu Pan, Na Jia, Helmut Schroeder, Yuesheng Cheng, Kurt A.G. Schmidt and Heng-Joo Ng 7.1 Introduction 111 7.2 Results and Discussion 112 7.3 Conclusions 122 7.4 Nomenclature 122 7.5 Acknowledgement 125 References 124 Appendix 7.A 125 Section 2: Process Engineering 8 Enhanced Gas Dehydration using Methanol Injection in an Acid Gas Compression System 129 M. Rafay Anwar, N. Wayne McKay and Jim R. Maddocks 8.1 Introduction 129 8.2 Methodology 130 8.3 CASE I: 100 % CO2 132 8.4 CASE II: 50 Percent CO2, 50 Percent H2S 140 8.5 CASE III: Enhanced Oil Recovery Composition 142 8.6 Conclusion 150 8.7 Additional Notes 151 References 151 9 Comparison of the Design of CO2-capture Processes using Equilibrium and Rate Based Models 153 A.R.J. Arendsen, G.F. Versteeg, J. van der Lee,R. Cota and M.A. Satyro 9.1 Introduction 155 9.2 VMG Rate Base 155 9.3 Rate Based Versus Equilibrium Based Models 157 9.4 Process Simulations 162 9.5 Conclusions 173 References 174 10 Post-Combustion Carbon Capture Using Aqueous Amines: A Mass-Transfer Study 177 Ray A. Tomcej 10.1 Introduction 178 10.2 Mass Transfer Basics 179 10.3 Factors Infl uencing Mass Transfer 182 10.4 Examples 188 10.5 Summary 190 References 191 11 BASF Technology for CO2 Capture and Regeneration 193 Sean Rigby, Gerd Modes, Stevan Jovanovic, John Wei, Koji Tanaka, Peter Moser and Torsten Katz 11.1 Introduction 195 11.2 Materials and Methods 197 11.3 Results 206 11.4 Conclusions 223 11.5 Acknowledgements and Disclaimer 225 References 226 12 Seven Deadly Sins of Filtration and Separation Systems in Gas Processing Operations 227 David Engel and Michael H. Sheilan 12.1 Gas Processing and Contamination Control 228 12.2 The Seven Deadly Sins of Filtration and Separation Systems in Gas Processing Operations 231 12.3 Concluding Remarks 240 Section 3: Acid Gas Injection 13 Development of Management Information System of Global Acid Gas Injection Projects 243 Qi Li, Guizhen Liu and Xuehao Liu 13.1 Background 243 13.2 Architecture of AGI-MIS 244 13.3 Data management 246 13.4 Data mining and information visualization 248 13.5 Interactive program 251 13.6 Conclusions 252 13.7 Acknowledgements 252 References 253 14 Control and Prevention of Hydrate Formation and Accumulation in Acid Gas Injection Systems During Transient Pressure/Temperature Conditions 255 Alberto A. Gutierrez and James C. Hunter 14.1 General Agi System Considerations 255 14.2 Composition And Properties Of Treated Acid Gases 256 14.3 Regulatory And Technical Restraints On Injection Pressures 258 14.4 Phase Equilibria, Hydrate Formation Boundaries And Prevention Of Hydrate Formation In Agi Systems 259 14.5 Formation, Remediation And Prevention Of Hydrate Formation During Unstable Injection Conditions – Three Case Studies 263 14.6 Discussion And Conclusions 272 References 273 15 Review of Mechanical Properties Related Problems for Acid Gas Injection 275 Qi Li, Xuehao Liu, Lei Du and Xiaying Li 15.1 Introduction 276 15.2 Impact Elements 276 15.3 Coupled Processes 285 15.4 Failure Criteria 286 15.5 Conclusions 286 15.6 Acknowledgements 287 References 287 16 Comparison of CO2 Storage Potential in Pyrolysed Coal Char of different Coal Ranks 293 Pavan Pramod Sripada, MM Khan, Shanmuganathan Ramasamy, VajraTeji Kanneganti, Japan Trivedi and Rajender Gupta 16.1 Introduction 294 16.2 Apparatus, Methods, & Materials 295 16.3 Results And Discussion 298 16.4 Conclusion 302 References 302 Section 4: Carbon Dioxide Storage 17 Capture of CO2 and Storage in Depleted Gas Reservoirs in Alberta as Gas Hydrate 305 Duo Sun, Nagu Daraboina, John Ripmeester and Peter Englezos 17.1 Experimental 306 17.2 Results And Discussion 307 17.3 Conclusions 310 Reference 310 18 Geological Storage of CO2 as Hydrate in a McMurray Depleted Gas Reservoir 311 Olga Ye. Zatsepina, Hassan Hassanzadeh and Mehran Pooladi-Darvish 18.1 Introduction 312 18.2 Fundamentals 313 18.3 Reservoir 314 18.4 Sensitivity Studies 322 18.5 Long-term storage 326 18.6 Summary and conclusions 327 18.7 Acknowledgements 329 References 329 Section 5: Reservoir Engineering 19 A Modified Calculation Method for the Water Coning Simulation Mode in Oil Reservoirs with Bottom Water Drive 331 Weiyao Zhu, Xiaohe Huang and Ming Yue 19.1 Introduction 331 19.2 Mathematical Model 332 19.3 Solution 334 19.4 Results and Discussion 335 19.5 Conclusions 336 19.6 Nomenclature 336 References 337 20 Prediction Method on the Multi-scale Flow Patterns and the Productivity of a Fracturing Well in Shale Gas Reservoir 339 Weiyao Zhu, Jia Deng and M.A. Qian 20.1 Introduction 340 20.2 Multi-scale flow state analyses of the shale gas reservoirs 340 20.3 Multi-scale seepage non-linear model in shale gas reservoir 343 20.4 Productivity prediction method of fracturing well 348 20.5 Production Forecasting 351 20.6 Conclusions 354 20.7 Acknowledgements 354 References 355 21 Methane recovery from natural gas hydrate in porous sediment using gaseous CO2, liquid CO2, and CO2 emulsion 357 Sheng-li Li, Xiao-Hui Wang, Chang-Yu Sun,Qing-Yuan and Guang-Jin Chen 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Experiments 359 21.3 Results and Discussion 361 21.4 Conclusion 368 21.5 Acknowledgements 369 References 369 Section 6: Hydrates 22 On the Role of Ice-Solution Interface in Heterogeneous Nucleation of Methane Clathrate Hydrates 371 PaymanPirzadeh and Peter G. Kusalik 22.1 Introduction 371 22.2 Method Summary 373 22.3 Results and Discussion 373 22.4 Summary 378 References 379 23 Evaluating and Testing of Gas Hydrate Anti-Agglomerants in (Natural Gas + Diesel Oil + Water) Dispersed System 381 Chang-Yu Sun, Jun Chen, Ke-Le Yan, Sheng-Li Li, Bao-ZiPeng and Guang-Jin Chen 23.1 Introduction 381 23.2 Experimental Apparatus And Analysis 382 23.3 Results And Discussion 382 23.4 Conclusion 385 Section 7: Biology 24 “Is That a Bacterium in Your Trophosome, or Are You Just Happy to See Me?” - Hydrogen Sulfide, Chemosynthesis, and the Origin of Life 387 Neil Christopher Griffin 24.1 Introducing the extremophiles 387 24.2 Tempted by the guts of another 388 24.3 Chemosynthesis 101 389 24.4 Chemosynthetic bacteria and the origins of life 391 References 392 Index 399

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Book SynopsisWritten by one of the most well-respected teams of scientists in the area of pipelines, this revolutionary approach offers the engineer working in the energy industry the theory, analysis, and practical applications for applying new materials and modeling to the design and effective use of flexible pipes. Recent changes in the codes for building pipelines has led to a boom in the production of new materials that can be used in flexible pipes. With the use of polymers, steel, and other new materials and variations on existing materials, the construction and, therefore, the installation and operation of flexible pipes is changing and being improved upon all over the world. The authors of this work have written numerous books and papers on these subjects and are some of the most influential authors on flexible pipes in the world, contributing much of the literature on this subject to the industry. This new volume is a presentation of some of the most cutting-edge technological advancesTable of ContentsPreface xxi About the Authors xxiii Part I Design and Analysis 1 Flexible Pipes and Limit-States Design 3 1.1 I ntroduction 3 1.2 Applications of Flexible Pipe 3 1.2.1 Metal-Based Flexible Pipes 5 1.2.2 Composite-Based Flexible Pipes 7 1.2.3 D esign Codes and Specifications 10 1.3 Comparison between Flexible Pipes and Rigid Pipes 12 1.3.1 Unbonded Flexible Riser vs. Rigid Steel Riser 12 1.3.2 Flexible Jumper vs. Rigid Steel Jumper 12 1.3.3 Flexible Composite Pipe vs. Rigid Pipe 13 1.3.3.1 Material Costs 14 1.3.3.2 I nstallation Costs 14 1.3.3.3 Operational Costs 15 1.3.3.4 Comparison Example 15 1.4 Failure Mode and Design Criteria 15 1.4.1 Unbonded Flexible Pipe 15 1.4.1.1 Failure Modes 15 1.4.1.2 D esign Criteria 17 1.4.2 Flexible Composite Pipe 20 1.4.2.1 Failure Modes 20 1.4.2.2 D esign Criteria 20 1.5 L imit State Design 24 1.5.1 L imit States 24 1.5.2 Reliability-Based Methods 25 References 26 2 Materials and Aging 29 2.1 I ntroduction 29 2.1.1 Unbonded Flexible Pipes 30 2.1.2 Flexible Composite Pipes 34 vi Contents 2.2 Metallic Material 35 2.2.1 Stainless Steel 35 2.2.2 Carbon Steel 36 2.3 Polymer Material 36 2.3.1 Annulus 36 2.3.2 Chemical Resistance 39 2.3.3 Permeation and Permeation Control Systems 41 2.3.3.1 Theory of Gas Permeation 41 2.3.3.2 Permeation Calculation 42 2.3.4 Anti H2S Layer 44 2.4 Aging 45 2.4.1 N onmetallic Material 46 2.4.2 Metallic Material 48 References 49 3 Ancillary Equipment and End Fitting Design 51 3.1 I ntroduction 51 3.1.1 D esign Criteria 51 3.2 Bend Stiffeners and Bellmouths 53 3.2.1 I ntroduction 53 3.2.2 D esign Criteria and Failure Modes 55 3.2.3 D esign Considerations 56 3.2.4 Bellmouths 57 3.3 Bend Restrictor 58 3.4 Buoyancy Modules 59 3.5 Cathodic Protection 60 3.6 Annulus Venting System 61 3.7 E nd Fittings 63 3.7.1 Unbonded Flexible Pipes 64 3.7.1.1 D esign Criteria 64 3.7.1.2 Metallic Materials 66 3.7.1.3 E nd Fittings by Different Manufacturers 66 3.7.2 Flexible Composite Pipes 68 3.7.2.1 D esign Criteria 70 3.7.2.2 Materials 70 3.7.2.3 E nd Fitting Types 71 3.7.2.4 I nstallation 72 References 74 4 Reliability-Based Design Factors 75 4.1 Introduction 75 4.2 Failure Probability 76 4.2.1 L imit State and Failure Mode 76 4.2.2 Failure Probability 76 4.3 Safety Factor Based on Reliability 77 4.3.1 Uncertainties of Resistance and Load Effect 78 4.3.2 L RFD Formulation 79 4.3.3 D esign Process 79 Contents vii 4.4 D esign Example 82 4.4.1 L imit State Function 83 4.4.1.1 Resistance Model for Inner Pressure Load 83 4.4.1.2 L imit State Function 83 4.4.2 Probability Model of Resistance 83 4.4.2.1 Probability Distribution of Resistance Parameters 83 4.4.2.2 Probability Model of Resistance 84 4.4.3 Probability Model of Load Effect 85 4.4.4 Target Reliability 85 4.4.5 Safety Factor Design Results 85 References 87 Part II Unbonded Flexible Pipes 5 Unbonded Flexible Pipe Design 91 5.1 I ntroduction 91 5.2 Applications of Flexible Pipe 92 5.2.1 Flexible Risers 92 5.2.2 Flexible Flowlines 94 5.2.3 L oading and Offloading Hoses 94 5.2.4 Jumper Lines 96 5.2.5 D rilling Risers 97 5.3 Flexible Pipe System and Components 97 5.3.1 I nterlocked Steel Carcass 98 5.3.2 I nternal Polymer Sheath 99 5.3.3 Armor Layers 99 5.3.3.1 Pressure Armor 99 5.3.3.2 Tensile Armor 100 5.3.3.3 Composite Armor 100 5.3.4 E xternal Polymer Sheath 102 5.3.5 Other Layers and Configurations 102 5.3.6 Main Ancillaries 103 5.3.6.1 E nd Fittings 103 5.3.6.2 Bend Stiffener and Bellmouths 104 5.3.6.3 Bend Restrictor 105 5.3.6.4 Buoyancy Modules 106 5.3.6.5 Annulus Venting System 106 References 106 6 Design and Analyses of Unbonded Flexible Pipe 109 6.1 I ntroduction 109 6.2 Flexible Pipe Guidelines 110 6.2.1 API Specification 17K 110 6.2.2 API Specification 17J 111 6.2.2.1 Safety Against Collapse 112 6.2.2.2 D esign Criteria 112 6.2.3 API RP 17B 112 viii Contents 6.3 Material and Mechanical Properties 113 6.3.1 Properties of Sealing Components 114 6.3.1.1 Polymer 114 6.3.1.2 Steel 114 6.3.1.3 Fibres 115 6.3.2 Properties of Armor Components 115 6.3.2.1 Submerged Weight 116 6.3.2.2 Bending Stiffness and Curvature Radius 116 6.3.2.3 Axial Stiffness and Tension Capacity 116 6.3.2.4 Torque Stiffness and Torque Capacity 117 6.4 Analytical Solutions in Flexible Pipe Design 117 6.4.1 Overview 117 6.4.2 Analytical Modeling of Flexible Pipes 117 6.4.3 Analytical Method of Unbonded Flexible Pipes 118 6.4.4 Axis-Symmetric Behavior 120 6.4.4.1 Kinematic Restraint 120 6.4.4.2 Governing Equations 121 6.4.5 Bending Behavior 122 6.5 FE Analysis of Unbonded Flexible Pipe 123 6.5.1 Static Analysis 123 6.5.2 Fatigue Analysis 124 References 126 7 Unbonded Flexible Pipe Under Internal Pressure 129 7.1 I ntroduction 129 7.2 Analytical Solution 130 7.2.1 Polymeric Layer 131 7.2.2 Helically Wound Steel Layer 132 7.2.3 Assembly of Layers 134 7.3 FE Analysis 134 7.4 Results and Discussion 137 7.4.1 General 137 7.4.2 Axial Tension and End Displacement 138 7.4.3 Hoop Stress 138 7.4.4 Axial Stress 141 7.4.4.1 Axial Stress of Model A and Model B 141 7.4.4.2 Axial Stresses of Model C and Model D_141 7.4.5 Comparison of Mises Stress 144 7.5 Conclusions 145 References 146 8 Unbonded Flexible Pipe Under External Pressure 149 8.1 I ntroduction 149 8.2 Finite Element Analysis 151 8.2.1 Simplification 152 8.2.2 Modeling Description 152 8.2.3 Models with Different Stiffness Ratios 153 8.2.4 Models with Different D/t Ratios 154 Contents ix 8.3 FEM Results and Discussion 155 8.3.1 Prediction of Confined External Pressure 155 8.3.1.1 Same D/t Ratio with Different Stiffness Ratios 155 8.3.1.2 D ifferent D/t Ratios with Different Stiffness Ratios 157 8.3.2 Confined Post-Buckling Behavior 158 8.4 Analytical Solution 158 8.5 Test Study 161 8.5.1 Material Characteristics 162 8.5.2 Confined Collapse Tests 163 8.5.3 Test Results 165 8.6 Comparison of Three Methods 167 8.7 Conclusions 168 References 169 9 Unbonded Flexible Pipe Under Tension 171 9.1 I ntroduction 171 9.2 Tension Load 172 9.2.1 Helical Layer 172 9.2.2 Tube Layer 175 9.2.3 Principle of Virtual Work 175 9.3 Results and Discussion 177 9.4 Parametric Study 180 9.4.1 L ay Angle 181 9.4.2 D iameter-to-Thickness 183 9.5 Conclusions 184 References 185 10 Unbonded Flexible Pipe Under Bending 187 10.1 I ntroduction 187 10.2 Helical Layer within No-Slip Range 188 10.2.1 Geometry of Helical Layer 188 10.2.2 Bending Stiffness of Helical Layer 191 10.3 Helical Layer within Slip Range 192 10.3.1 Critical Curvature 192 10.3.2 Axial Force in Helical Wire within Slip Range 194 10.3.3 Axial Force in Helical Wire within No-Slip Range 194 10.3.4 Bending Stiffness of Helical Layer 196 References 197 11 Unbonded Flexible Pipe Under Tension and Internal Pressure 199 11.1 I ntroduction 199 11.2 Analytical Solution 200 11.3 FE Analysis 200 11.3.1 Case 1: Tension Only 201 11.3.2 Case 2: Internal Pressure Only 202 11.3.3 Case 3: Combined Tension and Internal Pressure 202 x Contents 11.4 Results and Discussion 202 11.5 Conclusions 208 References 208 12 Cross-Sectional Design and Case Study for Unbonded Flexible Pipes 211 12.1 I ntroduction 211 12.2 Cross-Sectional Design 212 12.2.1 General Design Requirements 212 12.2.2 Manufacturing Configuration and Material Qualification 213 12.2.2.1 Carcass 213 12.2.2.2 Pressure Sheath 213 12.2.2.3 Pressure Armor 213 12.2.2.4 Tensile Armor 214 12.2.2.5 Tape 214 12.2.2.6 Shield 214 12.3 Case Study 214 12.3.1 D esign Procedure 214 12.3.2 D esign Requirement 214 12.3.3 D esign Method 215 12.3.3.1 Strength Design for Axisymmetric Loads 215 12.3.3.2 Collapse Resistance Design 216 12.3.4 D esign Results 216 12.3.5 L oad Analysis 217 12.3.6 FE Analysis 218 12.4 Conclusions 219 References 220 13 Fatigue Analysis of Unbonded Flexible Pipe 223 13.1 I ntroduction 223 13.2 Theoretical Approach 224 13.2.1 Assumptions 224 13.2.2 E nvironment Conditions 224 13.2.3 Transposition of Forces and Bending Moments 225 13.2.4 Fatigue Design Criteria 225 13.2.4.1 S-N Curves 225 13.2.4.2 Miner’s rule 225 13.3 Case Study 226 13.3.1 I ntroduction 226 13.3.2 Base Case 227 13.4 Conclusions 230 References 230 Contents xi Part III Steel Reinforced Flexible Pipes 14 Steel Reinforced Flexible Pipe Under Internal Pressure 235 14.1 I ntroduction 235 14.2 Applications 235 14.2.1 Offshore 236 14.2.2 Onshore 236 14.2.3 Rehabilitation 237 14.3 D esign and Manufacturing 237 14.3.1 D esign Codes 237 14.3.2 Manufacturing 237 14.3.2.1 I ntroduction 237 14.3.2.2 I nner and Outer Layers 238 14.3.2.3 Steel Strip Reinforcement Layers 238 14.3.2.4 E nd Fitting 238 14.4 Analytical Solution 240 14.4.1 Mechanical Properties 240 14.4.2 Assumptions 242 14.4.3 Stress Analysis 242 14.4.3.1 L ayer Properties 244 14.4.3.2 Stress-Strain Relations of HDPE Layers 246 14.4.3.3 Stress-Strain Relations of Steel Strip Layers 247 14.4.4 Boundary Condition 248 14.4.4.1 Stress Boundary Condition 248 14.4.4.2 I nterface Condition 248 14.4.4.3 E quilibrium Equation of Axial Force 248 14.4.4.4 Torsion Balance Equation 248 14.5 FE Analysis 249 14.6 Results and Discussion 249 14.6.1 Stress Analysis on Layer 2 249 14.6.2 Stress Analysis Between Layers 252 14.7 Conclusions 253 References 254 15 Steel Reinforced Flexible Pipe Under External Pressure 255 15.1 I ntroduction 255 15.2 E xperimental Tests 256 15.2.1 Material Characteristics 256 15.2.2 Collapse Experiment 256 15.2.3 E xperimental Results 258 15.3 FE Analysis 258 15.4 Simplified Estimation for Collapse Pressure 262 15.5 Parametric Study 264 15.6 Conclusions 266 References 267 xii Contents 16 Steel Reinforced Flexible Pipe Under Pure Tension 269 16.1 I ntroduction 269 16.2 E xperimental Tests 270 16.2.1 Test Processes 270 16.2.2 Test Results and Discussions 270 16.3 FE Analysis 273 16.3.1 E lements and Interactions 273 16.3.2 L oad and Boundary Conditions 274 16.3.3 Material Properties 274 16.4 Comparison and Discussions 275 16.4.1 Comparison between Test and FE Analysis 275 16.4.2 Mechanical Response of PE Layers 276 16.4.3 Mechanical Response of Steel Strips 279 16.5 Conclusions 281 References 282 17 Steel Reinforced Flexible Pipe Under Bending 283 17.1 I ntroduction 283 17.2 FE Analysis 284 17.2.1 Model and Material Properties 284 17.2.2 L oads and Boundary Conditions 285 17.2.3 Analysis Results 285 17.3 Mechanical Behaviors and Discussions 287 17.3.1 I nner PE Layer 287 17.3.2 Outer PE Layer 289 17.3.3 Steel Strip Layers 290 17.4 Conclusions 291 References 291 18 Steel Reinforced Flexible Pipe Under Combined Internal Pressure and Tension 293 18.1 I ntroduction 293 18.2 Analytical Solution 293 18.2.1 Strain Analysis 293 18.2.2 Stress Analysis 294 18.2.3 Boundary Conditions 297 18.3 I nner HDPE layer 297 18.3.1 Reinforcement Layers 298 18.3.2 Outer HDPE Layer 298 18.3.3 E quilibrium Equation 299 18.3.4 Solution Chart 299 18.4 Finite Element Analysis 300 18.4.1 I ntroduction 300 18.4.2 Material Properties 300 18.4.3 FE Model 301 18.4.4 Boundary Conditions 304 Contents xiii 18.5 Results and Discussion 304 18.5.1 Comparison of Methods 304 18.5.2 L oad Steps 305 18.5.3 Axial Tension Followed by Internal Pressure 306 18.5.3.1 Stress Response 306 18.5.3.2 Failure Behavior 306 18.5.4 I nternal Pressure Followed by Axial Tension 307 18.6 Conclusions 309 References 310 19 Steel Reinforced Flexible Pipe Under Combined Internal Pressure and Bending 311 19.1 I ntroduction 311 19.2 Analytical Solution 312 19.3 FE Analysis 316 19.3.1 Finite Element Model 316 19.3.2 Boundary Conditions 316 19.3.3 Analysis Results 317 19.4 Summary 319 References 321 20 Steel Reinforced Flexible Pipe Under Combined Bending and External Pressure 323 20.1 I ntroduction 323 20.2 E xperimental Tests 324 20.2.1 Test Procedure 324 20.2.2 Test Results and Discussions 325 20.3 FE Analysis 326 20.3.1 Finite Element Modeling 327 20.3.2 Comparison of Test and Analysis Results 327 20.4 Analysis Results and Discussions 329 20.5 Conclusions 330 References 331 21 Cross-Sectional Design and Case Study for Steel Reinforced Flexible Pipe 333 21.1 I ntroduction 333 21.2 Mechanical Behaviors 334 21.3 Cross-Sectional Design 335 21.3.1 D esign Requirement 335 21.3.2 Strength Capacity 336 21.4 Case Study 338 21.4.1 General 338 21.4.2 D esign Analysis 339 21.4.2.1 Preliminary Analysis 339 21.4.2.2 FE Analysis 339 21.5 Conclusions 340 References 340 22 Damage Assessment for Steel Reinforced Flexible Pipe 343 22.1 I ntroduction 343 22.2 D amage Analysis of Outer Layer 344 22.2.1 General 344 22.2.2 FE Analysis 344 22.2.3 Material Parameters 345 22.2.4 Modeling of Damage Analysis 346 22.2.5 Analysis Results 347 22.3 I nfluence of Different Intervals 351 22.4 E ffects of Insufficient Strength in Steel Strip 352 References 354 Part IV Bonded Flexible Pipes 23 Bonded Flexible Rubber Pipes 357 23.1 I ntroduction 357 23.1.1 Constructions of Bonded Flexible Pipe 358 23.1.2 Types of Bonded Flexible Pipe 359 23.2 D esign and Applications 360 23.2.1 I ntroduction 360 23.2.2 D esign Criteria 361 23.2.3 Hose Design Activities 361 23.2.4 Bonded Flexible Hose Design 363 23.2.5 E nd Fittings 365 23.2.6 Materials 366 23.2.7 Applications 369 23.3 Failure Modes 371 23.3.1 E arly Failures 372 23.3.2 Random Failures 373 23.3.3 Wear-Down Failures 373 23.3.4 E xamples of Hose Failures 373 23.4 I ntegrity Management 374 23.4.1 Risk Analysis 374 23.4.2 Risk Evaluation Process 374 23.4.3 Actions Following Risk Assessment 375 References 376 24 Nonmetallic Bonded Flexible Pipe Under Internal Pressure 377 24.1 I ntroduction 377 24.1.1 N omenclature 378 24.2 E xperimental Tests 379 24.2.1 Material Properties 379 24.2.2 Burst Tests 380 24.3 Analytical Solution 381 24.3.1 I ntroduction 381 24.3.2 Assumptions 381 xiv Contents Contents xv 24.3.3 Coordinate Systems 382 24.3.4 I nner Layer and Outer Layer 383 24.3.5 Reinforced Layers 385 24.3.6 Boundary Conditions 387 24.3.7 Failure Criterion 388 24.3.8 Burst Pressure Calculation 388 24.4 Finite Element Analysis 389 24.5 Results and Comparison 391 References 392 25 Nonmetallic Bonded Flexible Pipe Under External Pressure 393 25.1 I ntroduction 393 25.2 Analytical Solution of Collapse 394 25.2.1 Kinematics 394 25.2.2 Materials of Each Layer 395 25.2.2.1 PE_395 25.2.2.2 Reinforced Layer 395 25.2.2.3 The Material Plasticity 396 25.2.3 Principle of Virtual Work 397 25.2.4 Amendment of Radius and Wall Thickness 398 25.2.5 Analytical Method 399 25.3 FE Analysis 400 25.3.1 I ntroduction 400 25.3.2 FE Modeling 401 25.4 E xample of Collapse Analysis 401 25.4.1 I ntroduction 401 25.4.2 I nput Data 401 25.4.3 Pressure-Ovality Curves 402 25.5 Sensitivity Analysis 403 25.5.1 E ffect of Initial Imperfections 404 25.5.2 E ffect of Shear Deformation 404 25.5.3 E ffect of Pre-Buckling Deformation 405 References 406 26 Nonmetallic Bonded Flexible Pipe Under Bending 407 26.1 I ntroduction 407 26.2 Analytical Solution 409 26.2.1 Assumptions 409 26.2.2 Kinematics 409 26.2.3 Models of Material 410 26.2.3.1 Mechanical Behaviors of HDPE_410 26.2.3.2 Mechanical Behaviors of Fiber Reinforced Layer 412 26.2.4 Constitutive Model for RTP 415 26.2.5 Principle of Virtual Work 415 26.3 FE Analysis 416 26.4 E xperiment Test 418 xvi Contents 26.5 Results and Discussion 419 26.6 Parametric Studies 421 26.6.1 Wall-Thickness 421 26.6.2 D iameter of Pipe 422 26.6.3 D /t Ratio 422 26.6.4 I nitial Ovality 423 26.7 Conclusions 424 References 424 Appendix 426 27 Nonmetallic Bonded Flexible Pipe Under Combined Tension and Internal Pressure 429 27.1 I ntroduction 429 27.2 N onlinear Analytical Solution 431 27.2.1 Fundamental Assumptions 431 27.2.2 Simplification of Reinforcement Layers 432 27.2.3 Kinematics of a Single Wire 433 27.2.4 D eformation of Cross Section 434 27.2.5 E quilibrium Equation 440 27.2.6 Constitutive Model 442 27.2.7 Solution Method 442 27.3 Finite Element Model 442 27.3.1 Model Design and Meshing 443 27.3.2 Materials 444 27.3.3 Constraints 444 27.3.4 Boundary Conditions and Loadings 445 27.4 Results and Discussion 445 27.4.1 Tension-Extension Relation 445 27.4.2 Stress in Kevlar Wires 446 27.4.3 Radial Deformation 446 27.4.4 D iscussion 446 27.5 Parametric Study 448 27.5.1 I nternal Pressure 449 27.5.2 L ay Angle 450 27.5.3 D /t Ratio 450 27.5.4 Amount of Kevlar Wires 451 27.6 Conclusions 452 References 453 28 Nonmetallic Bonded Flexible Pipe Under Combined External Pressure and Bending 455 28.1 General 455 28.2 I ntroduction 455 28.3 Analytical Solution 457 28.3.1 Kinematics 457 28.3.2 Material Simplification 458 28.3.3 Constitutive Model 462 Contents xvii 28.3.4 Principle of Virtual Work 462 28.3.5 Amendment of Radius and Wall Thickness 463 28.3.6 Solution Method 463 28.4 Finite Element Model 464 28.5 Results and Discussions 465 28.5.1 Collapse of RTP Under External Pressure 465 28.5.2 Collapse of RTP Under Pure Bending 468 28.5.3 Collapse of RTP Under Combined Bending and External Pressure 471 28.6 Conclusions 473 References 474 29 Fibre Glass Reinforced Flexible Pipes Under Internal Pressure 475 29.1 I ntroduction 475 29.2 Analytical Solution 476 29.2.1 Assumptions 476 29.2.2 Stress Analysis 476 29.2.3 Boundary Conditions 479 29.3 Finite Element Analysis 480 29.4 Results and Discussions 481 29.5 Winding Angle 483 29.6 Conclusions 484 References 485 30 Fibre Glass Reinforced Flexible Pipe Under External Pressure 487 30.1 I ntroduction 487 30.2 FE Analysis 488 30.2.1 I ntroduction 488 30.2.2 Geometrical Parameters and Material Properties 489 30.2.3 FE Modeling 490 30.3 Results and Discussions 491 30.3.1 I ntroduction 491 30.3.2 I nitial Imperfection 491 30.3.2.1 I nitial Ovality 491 30.3.2.2 I nitial Wall Eccentricity 492 30.3.3 Geometrical Configurations 494 30.3.3.1 D iameter Over Thickness Ratio D1/t1 of Outer PE Layer 494 30.3.3.2 N umber of Reinforced Layers 495 30.3.3.3 D iameter Over Thickness Ratio D2/t2 of Inner Layer 496 30.3.4 Material 496 30.5 Conclusions 497 References 498 xviii Contents 31 Steel Wire Bonded Flexible Pipe Under Internal Pressure 499 31.1 I ntroduction 499 31.2 Analytical Solution 501 31.2.1 General 501 31.2.2 Stress and Strain Analysis 501 31.2.3 Simplification of Reinforced Layers 503 31.3 Finite Element Analysis 504 31.3.1 General 504 31.3.2 ABAQUS Modeling 504 31.4 Analysis Results 506 31.4.1 Comparison of Strains 506 31.4.2 E ffect of Winding Angle 507 31.5 E xperimental Test 508 31.5.1 General 508 31.5.2 Test Results 508 31.6 E ngineering Burst Pressure Formula 509 References 510 32 Steel Wire Bonded Flexible Pipe Under External Pressure 513 32.1 I ntroduction 513 32.2 Analytical solution 514 32.2.1 Fundamental Assumptions 514 32.2.2 N onlinear Ring Theory 514 32.2.3 Constitutive Relation of Material 516 32.2.4 Principle of Virtual Work Equation 518 32.3 N umerical Simulations 520 32.4 E xperimental Test 523 32.5 Conclusions 525 References 525 33 Steel Wire Bonded Flexible Pipe Under Bending and Internal Pressure 527 33.1 I ntroduction 527 33.2 Analytical Solution 528 33.2.1 Principle of Virtual Work 529 33.2.2 Burst Pressure of PSP in Axial Direction 531 33.2.3 Burst Pressure of PSP in Circumferential Direction 531 33.2.4 Constitutive Model for Materials 532 33.3 N umerical Simulations 535 33.4 Pure Bending Experimental Test 535 33.4.1 Test 535 33.4.2 Results and Discussion 537 33.5 Combined Internal Pressure and Bending Experimental Test 538 33.5.1 Test Facilities 539 33.5.2 Test Procedure 539 33.5.3 Test Results 540 33.6 Comparison of Results 540 33.7 Conclusions 541 References 542 Contents xix 34 Cross-Sectional Design and Case Study for Steel Wire Bonded Flexible Pipe 543 34.1 I ntroduction 543 34.2 Cross-Sectional Design 544 34.2.1 D esign Procedure 544 34.2.2 D esign Parameters 544 34.2.3 Properties and Capacities 546 34.3 Case Study 550 34.4 V alidation by FE Model 551 34.5 Conclusions 555 References 555 35 Damage Assessment for Steel Wire Bonded Flexible Pipes 557 35.1 I ntroduction 557 35.2 Analytical Method 558 35.2.1 Basic Assumptions 558 35.2.2 Stress-Strain Relationship 558 35.3 Finite Element Analysis 564 35.4 Comparison between Analytical Method and FEM 565 35.4.1 E ffect of Steel Wire Winding Angle 567 35.4.2 E ffects of Steel Wire Diameter 568 35.4.3 E ffects of Missing Steel Wire 568 35.4.4 E ffect of Damaged Inner and Outer PE Layers 569 35.4.5 E ffects of Layer Interfacial Peeling 569 35.5 Summary 572 References 573 36 Third-Party Damage for Steel Wire Bonded Flexible Pipe 575 36.1 I ntroduction 575 36.2 Pipeline, Soil and Tamper Parameters 576 36.3 Finite Element Model 577 36.4 L oading and Boundary Conditions 578 36.5 Analysis Results 578 36.5.1 D ynamic Response 579 36.5.2 Tamping Velocity 581 36.5.3 Buried Depth 581 36.6 Summary 583 References 583 Index 585

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive overview of relative fidelity preservation processing methods and their applications within the oil and gas sector. Four key principles for wide-frequency relative fidelity preservation processing are illustrated throughout the text. Seismic broadband acquisition is the basis for relative fidelity preservation processing and the influence of seismic acquisition on data processing is also analyzed. The methods and principles of Kirchhoff integral migration, one-way wave equation migration and reverse time migration are also introduced and illustrated clearly. Current research of relative amplitude preservation migration algorithms is introduced, and the corresponding numerical results are also shown. RTM (reverse time migration) imaging methods based on GPU/CPU systems for complicated structures are represented. This includes GPU/CPU high performance calculations and its application to seismic exploration, two-way wave extrapolation operator Table of ContentsPreface vii 1 Study on Method for Relative Fidelity Preservation of Seismic Data 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Discussion on Impact on Processing of High]resolution, High SNR for Seismic Acquisition and Observation Mode 3 1.3 Discussion on the Cause of Notching 11 1.4 Discussion of Impact on Processing of Relative Fidelity Preservation Seismic Data for Seismic Acquisition and Observation Mode 17 1.5 Comparison of Results of High]resolution, High SNR Processing and Relative Fidelity Preservation Processing 28 1.6 Elastic Wave Forward Modeling 30 1.7 Conclusions 33 References 34 2 Method and Principle for Seismic Migration and Imaging 37 2.1 Kirchhoff Integral Prestack Depth Migration 37 2.2 Amplitude Preservation Fourier Finite Difference Prestack Depth Migration Method 40 2.3 Reverse Time Migration 46 References 73 3 Study of Reverse Time Migration Method for Areas With Complicated Structures Based on the GPU/CPU System 75 3.1 Introduction 75 3.2 The GPU/CPU High]performance Calculation and Its Application in Seismic Exploration 77 3.3 Study on the Two]way Wave Extrapolation Operator and Its Boundary Conditions 82 3.4 Study on the Imaging Condition and Low]frequency Noise Suppression Method 91 3.5 Study and Application of RTM Prestack Imaging Algorithm based on the GPU/CPU System 98 3.6 Conclusions 111 References 114 4 Study and Application of Velocity Model Building Method for the Areas with Complicated Structures 117 4.1 Introduction 117 4.2 Status Quo and the Development of the Velocity Model Building Method 118 4.3 Impacting Factors for the Velocity Model Building 120 4.4 Study and Application of the Seismic Velocity Model Building Method 128 4.5 Quality Monitoring and Accuracy Discussion of the Seismic Velocity Model Building 156 4.6 Velocity Analysis Method for Reverse Time Migration in Angle Domain 162 4.7 Study of the Full Waveform Inversion Method 172 References 180 5 Case Study 183 5.1 Application of 3D Prestack Reverse Time Migration in Subsalt Imaging 183 5.2 Application of High]density All]round Seismic Data Processing in the Carbonatite Region 210 5.3 Application of Seismic Imaging Method for Complicated Structures in the Tuha and Jiuquan Basins 258 5.4 Application of the Seismic Prestack Imaging Method in the Buried Hill Structural Zone in the Nanpu of Jidong Oilfield 303 References 329 Index 333

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Book SynopsisThe book clearly explains the concepts of the drilling engineering and presents the existing knowledge ranging from the history of drilling technology to well completion. This textbook takes on the difficult issue of sustainability in drilling engineering and tries to present the engineering terminologies in a clear manner so that the new hire, as well as the veteran driller, will be able to understand the drilling concepts with minimum effort.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Acknowledgements xv Summary xvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Introduction to Drilling Engineering 1 1.3 Importance of Drilling Engineering 2 1.4 Application of Drilling Engineering 2 1.5 Multiple Choice Questions 3 1.6 Summary 9 1.7 MCQs (Self-Practices) 9 2 Drilling Methods 15 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 15 2.2.1 Power System 15 2.2.2 Hoisting System 24 2.2.3 Circulation System 39 2.3 Multiple Choice Questions 48 2.4 Summary 54 2.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 55 2.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 55 2.5.2 Exercises (Self-Practices) 57 2.5.3 MCQs (Self-Practices) 59 2.6 Nomenclature 64 3 Drilling Fluids 65 3.1 Introduction 65 3.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 65 3.2.1 Solid Control 65 3.2.2 Mud Density 70 3.2.3 Mud Viscosity 71 3.2.3.1 Measurement of Mud Viscosity 74 3.2.4 pH Determination 79 3.2.5 Determination of Liquid and Solids Content 80 3.2.6 New Drilling Mud Calculations 81 3.2.7 Design of Mud Weight 83 3.3 Multiple Choice Questions 92 3.4 Summary 97 3.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 98 3.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 98 3.5.2 Exercises (Self-Practices) 99 3.5.3 MCQs (Self-Practices) 101 3.6 Nomenclature 106 4 Drilling Hydraulics 109 4.1 Introduction 109 4.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 109 4.2.1 Newtonian Fluid 109 4.2.2 Non-Newtonian Fluid 111 4.2.3 Turbulent Flow 122 4.2.4 Transitional Flow 124 4.2.5 Hydrostatic Pressure Calculation 126 4.2.6 Fluid Flow through Pipes 132 4.2.7 Fluid Flow through Drill Bits 135 4.2.8 Pressure Loss Calculation of the Rig System 137 4.3 Multiple Choice Questions 147 4.4 Summary 152 4.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 153 4.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 153 4.5.2 Exercises (Self-Practices) 155 4.5.3 MCQs (Self-Practices) 157 4.6 Nomenclature 162 5 Well Control and Monitoring Program 165 5.1 Introduction 165 5.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 165 5.2.1 Control of Influx and Kill Mud 165 5.2.2 Type of Influx and Gradient Calculation 169 5.2.3 Kill Mud Weight Calculation 170 5.2.4 Kick Analysis 175 5.2.5 Shut-in Surface Pressure 194 5.3 Multiple Choice Questions 199 5.4 Summary 204 5.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 205 5.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 205 5.5.2 Exercises (Self-Practices) 206 5.5.3 MCQs (Self-Practices) 208 5.6 Nomenclature 213 6 Formation Pore and Fractures Pressure Estimation 215 6.1 Introduction 215 6.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 215 6.2.1 Underground Stresses 215 6.2.2 Formation Pressure 216 6.2.3 Pore Pressure Estimation 234 6.2.4 Methods for Estimating Fracture Pressure 247 6.3 Multiple Choice Questions 259 6.4 Summary 265 6.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 265 6.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 265 6.5.2 Exercises (Self-Practices) 267 6.5.3 MCQs (Self-Practices) 269 6.6 Nomenclature 274 7 Basics of Drillstring Design 277 7.1 Introduction 277 7.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 278 7.2.1 Drillstring Design 278 7.2.2 Bit Design 308 7.2.3 Drilling Optimization Techniques 309 7.2.4 Rate of Penetration Modeling 315 7.3 Multiple Choice Questions 323 7.4 Summary 328 7.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 328 7.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 328 7.5.2 Exercise (Self-Practices) 329 7.5.3 MCQs (Self-Practices) 331 7.6 Nomenclature 336 8 Casing Design 339 8.1 Introduction 339 8.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 339 8.2.1 Casing Design Process 339 8.2.2 Calculation of Magnitude of Design Properties 345 8.3 Multiple Choice Questions 370 8.4 Summary 375 8.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 375 8.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 375 8.5.2 Exercise (Self Practices) 377 8.5.3 MCQs (Self-Practices) 378 8.6 Nomenclature 383 9 Cementing 385 9.1 Introduction 385 9.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 385 9.2.1 Cement Properties 385 9.2.2 Cement Volume Calculation 393 9.3 Multiple Choice Questions 410 9.4 Summary 415 9.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 416 9.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 416 9.5.2 Exercise (Self-Practices) 418 9.5.3 MCQs (Self-Practices) 419 9.6 Nomenclature 423 10 Horizontal and Directional Drilling 425 10.1 Introduction 425 10.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 425 10.2.1 Horizontal Departure 425 10.2.2 Buckling Models in Coiled Tubing 430 10.2.3 Directional Patterns 434 10.2.4 Principles of Surveying 439 10.2.5 Survey Calculations and Plotting Results 444 10.3 Multiple Choice Questions 461 10.4 Summary 466 10.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 467 10.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 467 10.5.2 Exercise 469 10.5.3 MCQs (Self-Practices) 471 10.6 Nomenclature 475 11 Well Drilling Costs Analysis 477 11.1 Introduction 477 11.2 Different Mathematical Formulas and Examples 477 11.2.1 Authorization for Expenditure 477 11.2.2 Drilling Cost Estimation 481 11.2.3 Well Drilling Time Estimation 486 11.2.4 Future Value Estimation 496 11.2.5 Price Elasticity 499 11.3 Multiple Choice Questions 516 11.4 Summary 519 11.5 Exercise and MCQs for Practice 520 11.5.1 Exercises (Solutions are in Appendix A) 520 11.5.2 Exercise 522 11.5.3 MCQs (Self Practices) 527 11.6 Nomenclature 529 12 Well Completion 531 12.1 Introduction 531 12.2 Multiple Choice Questions 532 12.3 Summary 538 13 Additional Workout Examples 539 13.1 Introduction 539 13.2 Drilling Fluids 539 13.2 Drilling Hydraulics 544 13.3 Well Control 549 13.4 Pore and Fracture Pressure Estimation 554 13.5 Drillstring Design 556 13.6 Casing Design 561 13.7 Cementing 563 13.8 Horizontal and Directional Drilling 565 13.9 Cost Analysis 569 Appendix A: (Solutions of Exercises) 573 Chapter 2: Drilling Methods 573 Chapter 3: Drilling Fluid 593 Chapter 4: Drilling Hydraulics 605 Chapter 5: Well Control and Monitoring Program 624 Chapter 6: Formation Pore and Fractures Pressure Estimation 636 Chapter 7: Basics of Drillstring Design 646 Chapter 8: Casing Design 655 Chapter 9: Cementing 665 Chapter 10: Horizontal and Directional Drilling 676 Chapter 11: Well Drilling Costs Analysis 689 Appendix B: (MCQs Solutions) 701 Chapter 1: Drilling Methods 701 Chapter 2: Drilling Methods 701 Chapter 3: Drilling Fluid 701 Chapter 4: Drilling Hydraulics 702 Chapter 5: Well Control and Monitoring Program 702 Chapter 6: Formation Pore and Fractures Pressure Estimation 702 Chapter 7: Basics of Drillstring Design 702 Chapter 8: Casing Design 702 Chapter 9: Cementing 703 Chapter 10: Horizontal and Directional Drilling 703 Chapter 11: Well Drilling Cost Analysis 703

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive volume brings together an extensive collection of systematic computer-aided tools and methods developed in recent years for CO2 capture applications, and presents a structured and organized account of works from internationally acknowledged scientists and engineers, through: Modeling of materials and processes based on chemical and physical principlesDesign of materials and processes based on systematic optimization methodsUtilization of advanced control and integration methods in process and plant-wide operations The tools and methods described are illustrated through case studies on materials such as solvents, adsorbents, and membranes, and on processes such as absorption / desorption, pressure and vacuum swing adsorption, membranes, oxycombustion, solid looping, etc. Process Systems and Materials for CO2 Capture: Modelling, Design, Control and Integration should become the essential introductory resource for researchers and industrial practitioners in the fieldTable of ContentsAbout the Editors xvii List of Contributors xix Preface xxvii Section 1 Modelling and Design of Materials 1 1 The Development of a Molecular Systems Engineering Approach to the Design of Carbon–capture Solvents 3Edward Graham, Smitha Gopinath, Esther Forte, George Jackson, Amparo Galindo, and Claire S. Adjiman 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Predictive Thermodynamic Models for the Integrated Molecular and Process Design of Physical Absorption Processes 6 1.3 Describing Chemical Equilibria with SAFT 16 1.4 Integrated Computer–aided Molecular and Process Design using SAFT 24 1.5 Conclusions 29 List of Abbreviations 30 Acknowledgments 31 References 31 2 Methods and Modelling for Post-combustion CO2 Capture 43Philip Fosbøl, Nicolas von Solms, Arne Gladis, Kaj Thomsen, and Georgios M. Kontogeorgis 2.1 Introduction to Post]combustion CO2 Capture: The Role of Solvents and Some Engineering Challenges 43 2.2 Extended UNIQUAC: A Successful Thermodynamic Model for CCS Applications 49 2.3 CO2 Capture using Alkanolamines: Thermodynamics and Design 60 2.4 CO2 Capture using Ammonia: Thermodynamics and Design 61 2.5 New Solvents: Enzymes, Hydrates, Phase Change Solvents 62 2.6 Pilot Plant Studies: Measurements and Modelling 69 2.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 69 List of Abbreviations 74 Acknowledgements 74 References 74 3 Molecular Simulation Methods for CO2 Capture and Gas Separation with Emphasis on Ionic Liquids 79Niki Vergadou, Eleni Androulaki, and Ioannis G. Economou 3.1 Introduction 79 3.2 Molecular Simulation Methods for Property Calculations 83 3.3 Force Fields 85 3.4 Results and Discussion: The Case of the IOLICAP Project 87 3.5 Future Outlook 101 List of Abbreviations 102 Acknowledgments 103 References 103 4 Thermodynamics of Aqueous Methyldiethanolamine/Piperazine for CO2 Capture 113Peter T. Frailie, Jorge M. Plaza, and Gary T. Rochelle 4.1 Introduction 113 4.2 Model Description 114 4.3 Sequential Regression Methodology 115 4.4 Model Regression 115 4.5 Conclusions 134 List of Abbreviations 134 Acknowledgements 134 References 135 5 Kinetics of Aqueous Methyldiethanolamine/Piperazine for CO2 Capture 137Peter T. Frailie and Gary T. Rochelle 5.1 Introduction 137 5.2 Methodology 138 5.3 Results 143 5.4 Conclusions 150 List of Abbreviations 151 Acknowledgements 151 References 151 6 Uncertainties in Modelling the Environmental Impact of Solvent Loss through Degradation for Amine Screening Purposes in Post]combustion CO2 Capture 153Sara Badr, Stavros Papadokonstantakis, Robert Bennett, Graeme Puxty, and Konrad Hungerbuehler 6.1 Introduction 153 6.2 Oxidative Degradation 156 6.3 Environmental Impacts of Solvent Production 165 6.4 Conclusions and Outlook 167 List of Abbreviations 168 References 169 7 Computer]aided Molecular Design of CO2 Capture Solvents and Mixtures 173Athanasios I. Papadopoulos, Theodoros Zarogiannis, and Panos Seferlis 7.1 Introduction 173 7.2 Overview of Associated Literature 176 7.3 Optimization-based Design and Selection Approach 178 7.4 Implementation 183 7.5 Results and Discussion 187 7.6 Conclusions 196 List of Abbreviations 196 Acknowledgements 197 References 197 8 Ionic Liquid Design for Biomass-based Tri-generation System with Carbon Capture 203Fah Keen Chong, Viknesh Andiappan, Fadwa T. Eljack, Dominic C. Y. Foo, Nishanth G. Chemmangattuvalappil, and Denny K. S. Ng 8.1 Introduction 203 8.2 Formulations to Design Ionic Liquid for BECCS 205 8.3 An Illustrative Example 212 8.4 Conclusions 221 List of Abbreviations 222 References 225 Section 2 From Materials to Process Modelling, Design and Intensification 229 9 Multi-scale Process Systems Engineering for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage: A Review 231M. M. Faruque Hasan 9.1 Introduction 231 9.2 Multi-scale Approaches for CCUS Design and Optimization 233 9.3 Hierarchical Approaches 234 9.4 Simultaneous Approaches 237 9.5 Enabling Methods, Challenges, and Research Opportunities 242 List of Abbreviations 243 References 244 10 Membrane System Design for CO2 Capture: From Molecular Modeling to Process Simulation 249Xuezhong He, Daniel R. Nieto, Arne Lindbråthen, and May-Britt Hägg 10.1 Introduction 249 10.2 Membranes for Gas Separation 250 10.3 Molecular Modeling of Gas Separation in Membranes 255 10.4 Process Simulation of Membranes for CO2 Capture 260 10.5 Future Perspectives 273 List of Abbreviations 274 Acknowledgments 276 References 276 11 Post-combustion CO2 Capture by Chemical Gas–Liquid Absorption: Solvent Selection, Process Modelling, Energy Integration and Design Methods 283Thibaut Neveux, Yann Le Moullec, and Éric Favre 11.1 Introduction 283 11.2 Solvent Influence 284 11.3 Process Modelling 286 11.4 Process Integration 291 11.5 Design Method 300 11.6 Conclusion 306 List of Abbreviations 308 References 308 12 Innovative Computational Tools and Models for the Design, Optimization and Control of Carbon Capture Processes 311David C. Miller, Deb Agarwal, Debangsu Bhattacharyya, Joshua Boverhof , Yang Chen, John Eslick, Jim Leek, Jinliang Ma, Priyadarshi Mahapatra, Brenda Ng, Nikolaos V. Sahinidis, Charles Tong, and Stephen E. Zitney 12.1 Overview 311 12.2 Advanced Computational Frameworks 313 12.3 Case Study: Solid Sorbent Carbon Capture System 326 12.4 Summary 335 Acknowledgment 338 List of Abbreviations 338 References 339 13 Modelling and Optimization of Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) Processes for Post]combustion CO2 Capture from Flue Gas 343George N. Nikolaidis, Eustathios S. Kikkinides, and Michael C. Georgiadis 13.1 Introduction 343 13.2 Mathematical Model Formulation 346 13.3 PSA/VSA Simulation Case Studies 352 13.4 PSA/VSA Optimization Case Study 359 13.5 Conclusions 362 List of Abbreviations 365 Acknowledgements 366 References 367 14 Joule Thomson Effect in a Two-dimensional Multi]component Radial Crossflow Hollow Fiber Membrane Applied for CO2 Capture in Natural Gas Sweetening 371Serene Sow Mun Lock, Kok Keong Lau, Azmi Mohd Shariff, and Yin Fong Yeong 14.1 Introduction 371 14.2 Methodology 373 14.3 Results and Discussion 384 14.4 Conclusion 393 List of Abbreviations 394 Acknowledgments 394 References 394 15 The Challenge of Reducing the Size of an Absorber Using a Rotating Packed Bed 399Ming]Tsz Chen, David Shan Hill Wong, and Chung Sung Tan 15.1 Motivation for Size Reduction 399 15.2 Rotating Packed Bed Technology 401 15.3 Experimental Work on CO2 Capture Using a Rotating Packed Bed 405 15.4 Modeling of CO2 Capture using a Rotating Packed Bed 409 15.5 Design of Rotating Packed Bed Absorbers and Real Work Comparison to Regular Packed Absorbers 410 15.6 Conclusions 417 List of Abbreviations 417 References 418 Section 3 Process Operation and Control 425 16 Plantwide Design and Operation of CO2 Capture Using Chemical Absorption 427David Shan Hill Wong and Shi]Shang Jang 16.1 Introduction 427 16.2 The Basic Process 428 16.3 Solvent Selection 429 16.4 Energy Consumption Targets 429 16.5 Steady-state Process Modeling 431 16.6 Conceptual Process Integration 432 16.7 Column Internals 432 16.8 Dynamic Modeling 433 16.9 Plantwide Control 434 16.10 Flexible Operation 434 16.11 Water and Amine Management 435 16.12 SOx Treatment 436 16.13 Monitoring 436 16.14 Conclusions 437 List of Abbreviations 437 References 437 17 Multi-period Design of Carbon Capture Systems for Flexible Operation 447Nial Mac Dowell and Nilay Shah 17.1 Introduction 447 17.2 Evaluation of Flexible Operation 451 17.3 Scenario Comparison 457 17.4 Conclusions 459 List of Abbreviations 460 Acknowledgements 460 References 461 18 Improved Design and Operation of Post-combustion CO2 Capture Processes with Process Modelling 463Adekola Lawal, Javier Rodriguez, Alfredo Ramos, Gerardo Sanchis, Mario Calado, Nouri Samsatli, Eni Oko, and Meihong Wang 18.1 Introduction 463 18.2 The gCCS Whole-chain System Modelling Environment 464 18.3 Typical Process Design Considerations in a Simulation Study 467 18.4 Safety Considerations: Anticipating Hazards 477 18.5 Process Operating Considerations 479 18.6 Conclusions 497 List of Abbreviations 498 References 498 19 Advanced Control Strategies for IGCC Plants with Membrane Reactors for CO2 Capture 501Fernando V. Lima, Xin He, Rishi Amrit, and Prodromos Daoutidis 19.1 Introduction 501 19.2 Modelling Approach 503 19.3 Design and Simulation Conditions 507 19.4 Model Predictive Control Strategies 508 19.5 Closed-loop Simulation Results 512 19.6 Conclusions 518 List of Abbreviations 518 Acknowledgements 519 References 519 20 An Integration Framework for CO2 Capture Processes 523M. Hossein Sahraei and Luis A. Ricardez-Sandoval 20.1 Introduction 523 20.2 Automation Framework and Syntax 525 20.3 CO2 Capture Plant Model 528 20.4 Case Studies 530 20.5 Conclusions 540 List of Abbreviations 541 References 541 21 Operability Analysis in Solvent-based Post-combustion CO2 Capture Plants 545Theodoros Damartzis, Athanasios I. Papadopoulos, and Panos Seferlis 21.1 Introduction 545 21.2 Framework for the Analysis of Operability 548 21.3 Framework Implementation 552 21.4 Results and Discussion 556 21.5 Conclusions 566 List of Abbreviations 567 Acknowledgments 567 References 567 Section 4 Integrated Technologies 571 22 Process Systems Engineering for Optimal Design and Operation of Oxycombustion 573Alexander Mitsos 22.1 Introduction 573 22.2 Pressurized Oxycombustion of Coal 575 22.3 Membrane-based Processes 578 22.4 Conclusions and Future Work 585 List of Abbreviations 585 Acknowledgments 585 References 586 23 Energy Integration of Processes for Solid Looping CO2 Capture Systems 589Pilar Lisbona, Yolanda Lara, Ana Martínez, and Luis M. Romeo 23.1 Introduction 589 23.2 Internal Integration for Energy Savings 592 23.3 External Integration for Energy Use 597 23.4 Process Symbiosis 601 23.5 Final Remarks 605 List of Abbreviations 605 References 605 24 Process Simulation of a Dual-stage Selexol Process for Pre-combustion Carbon Capture at an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Power Plant 609Hyungwoong Ahn 24.1 Introduction 609 24.2 Configuration of an Absorption Process for Pre-combustion Carbon Capture 610 24.3 Solubility Model 616 24.4 Conventional Dual-stage Selexol Process 619 24.5 Unintegrated Solvent Cycle Design 624 24.6 95% Carbon Capture Efficiency 625 24.7 Conclusions 626 List of Abbreviations 627 References 627 25 Optimized Lignite-fired Power Plants with Post-combustion CO2 Capture 629Emmanouil K. Kakaras, Antonios K. Koumanakos, and Aggelos F. Doukelis 25.1 Introduction 629 25.2 Reducing the Energy Efficiency Penalty 630 25.3 Optimized Plants with Amine Scrubbing: Greenfield Case 631 25.4 Oxyfuel and Amine Scrubbing Hybrid CO2 Capture 635 25.5 Conclusions 645 List of Abbreviations 645 References 645 Index 649

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Book SynopsisAn essential resource for understanding the potential role for biomass energy with carbon capture and storage in addressing climate change Biomass Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) offers a comprehensive review of the characteristics of BECCS technologies in relation to its various applications. The authors a team of expert professionals bring together in one volume the technical, scientific, social, economic and governance issues relating to the potential deployment of BECCS as a key approach to climate change mitigation. The text contains information on the current and future opportunities and constraints for biomass energy, explores the technologies involved in BECCS systems and the performance characteristics of a variety of technical systems. In addition, the text includes an examination of the role of BECCS in climate change mitigation, carbon accounting across the supply chain and policy frameworks. The authors also offer a review ofTable of ContentsList of Contributors xiii Foreword xvii Preface xix List of Abbreviations/Acronyms xxi Part I BECCS Technologies 1 1 Understanding Negative Emissions From BECCS 3Clair Gough, Sarah Mander, Patricia Thornley, Amanda Lea‐Langton and Naomi Vaughan 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Climate‐Change Mitigation 4 1.3 Negative Emissions Technologies 7 1.4 Why BECCS? 8 1.5 Structure of the Book 10 1.5.1 Part I: BECCS Technologies 10 1.5.2 Part II: BECCS System Assessments 12 1.5.3 Part III: BECCS in the Energy System 13 1.5.4 Part IV: Summary and Conclusions 14 References 14 2 The Supply of Biomass for Bioenergy Systems 17Andrew Welfle and Raphael Slade 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Biomass Resource Demand 18 2.3 Resource Demand for BECCS Technologies 18 2.4 Forecasting the Availability of Biomass Resources 19 2.4.1 Modelling Non‐Renewable Resources 20 2.4.2 Modelling Renewable Resources 21 2.4.2.1 Biomass Resource Modelling 21 2.4.3 Modelling Approaches – Bottom‐Up versus Top‐Down 23 2.5 Methods for Forecasting the Availability of Energy Crop Resources 24 2.6 Forecasting the Availability of Wastes and Residues From Ongoing Processes 25 2.7 Forecasting the Availability of Forestry Resources 26 2.8 Forecasting the Availability of Waste Resources 27 2.9 Biomass Resource Availability 28 2.10 Variability in Biomass Resource Forecasts 31 2.11 Biomass Supply and Demand Regions, and Key Trade Flows 33 2.11.1 Trade Hub Europe 33 2.11.2 Bioethanol – Key Global Trade Flows 34 2.11.3 Biodiesel – Key Global Trade Flows 34 2.11.4 Wood Pellets – Key Global Trade Flows 35 2.11.5 Wood Chip – Key Global Trade Flows 35 2.12 Global Biomass Trade Limitations and Uncertainty 36 2.12.1 Technical Barriers 36 2.12.2 Economic and Trade Barriers 36 2.12.3 Logistical Barriers 37 2.12.4 Regulatory Barriers 37 2.12.5 Geopolitical Barriers 38 2.13 Sustainability of Global Biomass Resource Production 38 2.13.1 Potential Land‐Use Change Impacts 38 2.13.2 The ‘Land for Food versus Land for Energy’ Question 39 2.13.3 Potential Social Impacts 39 2.13.4 Potential Ecosystem and Biodiversity Impacts 40 2.13.5 Potential Water Impacts 40 2.13.6 Potential Air‐Quality Impacts 41 2.14 Conclusions – Biomass Resource Potential and BECCS 41 References 42 3 Post‐combustion and Oxy‐combustion Technologies 47Karen N. Finney, Hannah Chalmers, Mathieu Lucquiaud, Juan Riaza, János Szuhánszki and Bill Buschle 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 Air Firing with Post‐combustion Capture 48 3.2.1 Wet Scrubbing Technologies: Solvent‐Based Capture Using Chemical Absorption 49 3.2.1.1 Amine‐Based Capture 50 3.2.1.2 Steam Extraction for Solvent Regeneration 51 3.2.2 Membrane Separation 51 3.2.3 Brief Overview of Other Separation Methods 52 3.3 Oxy‐Fuel Combustion 52 3.3.1 Oxy‐Combustion of Biomass Using Flue Gas Recirculation 53 3.3.2 Enriched‐Air Combustion 54 3.4 Challenges Associated with Biomass Utilisation Under BECCS Operating Conditions 55 3.4.1 Impacts of Biomass Trace Elements on Post‐combustion Capture Performance 55 3.4.1.1 Alkali Metals 55 3.4.1.2 Transition Metals 56 3.4.1.3 Acidic Elements 57 3.4.1.4 Particulate Matter 57 3.4.1.5 Biomass‐Specific Solvents for Post‐combustion BECCS 57 3.4.2 Biomass Combustion Challenges for Oxy‐Fuel Capture 58 3.4.2.1 Fuel Milling 59 3.4.2.2 Flame Temperature 59 3.4.2.3 Heat Transfer 59 3.4.2.4 Particle Heating, Ignition and Flame Propagation 59 3.4.2.5 Burnout 60 3.4.2.6 Emissions 60 3.4.2.7 Corrosion 60 3.5 Summary and Conclusions: Synopsis of Technical Knowledge and Assessment of Deployment Potential 61 References 63 4 Pre‐combustion Technologies 67Amanda Lea‐Langton and Gordon Andrews 4.1 Introduction 67 4.2 The Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) 68 4.3 Gasification of Solid Fuels 69 4.4 Carbon Dioxide Separation Technologies 76 4.4.1 Physical Absorption 76 4.4.2 Adsorption Processes 77 4.4.3 Clathrate Hydrates 77 4.4.4 Membrane Technologies 77 4.4.5 Cryogenic Separation 78 4.4.6 Post‐combustion Chilled Ammonia 78 4.5 Chemical Looping Processes 78 4.6 Existing Schemes 79 4.7 Modelling of IGCC Plant Thermal Efficiency With and Without Pre‐combustion CCS 80 4.8 Summary and Research Challenges 85 References 87 5 Techno‐economics of Biomass‐based Power Generation with CCS Technologies for Deployment in 2050 93Amit Bhave, Paul Fennell, Niall Mac Dowell, Nilay Shah and Richard H.S. Taylor 5.1 Introduction 94 5.2 Case Study Analysis 101 Acknowledgements 113 References 113 Part II BECCS System Assessments 115 6 Life Cycle Assessment 117Temitope Falano and Patricia Thornley 6.1 Introduction 117 6.2 Rationale for Supply‐Chain Life‐Cycle Assessment 117 6.3 Variability in Life‐Cycle Assessment of Bioenergy Systems 120 6.3.1 Variability Related to Scope of System 120 6.3.1.1 Land‐Use Emissions 120 6.3.1.2 Land‐Use Change Emissions 121 6.3.1.3 Indirect Land‐Use Change Emissions 121 6.3.2 Variability Related to Methodology 122 6.3.3 Variability Related to System Definition 122 6.3.4 Variability Related to Assumptions 122 6.4 Published LCAs of BECCS 123 6.5 Sensitivity Analysis of Reported Carbon Savings to Key System Parameters 124 6.5.1 Impact of CO2 Capture Efficiency 124 6.5.2 Variation of Energy Requirement Associated with CO2 Capture 125 6.5.3 Variation of Biomass Yield 125 6.6 Conclusions 125 References 126 7 System Characterisation of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Systems 129Geoffrey P. Hammond 7.1 Introduction 129 7.1.1 Background 129 7.1.2 The Issues Considered 131 7.2 CCS Process Characterisation, Innovation and Deployment 131 7.2.1 CCS Process Characterisation 131 7.2.2 CCS Innovation and Deployment 133 7.3 CCS Options for the United Kingdom 135 7.4 The Sustainability Assessment Context 136 7.4.1.1 The Environmental Pillar 136 7.4.1.2 The Economic Pillar 137 7.4.1.3 The Social Pillar 137 7.5 CCS Performance Metrics 138 7.5.1 Energy Analysis and Metrics 138 7.5.2 Carbon Accounting and Related Parameters 139 7.5.3 Economic Appraisal and Indicators 140 7.6 CCS System Characterisation 141 7.6.1 CO2 Capture 141 7.6.1.1 Technical Exemplars 141 7.6.1.2 Energy Metrics 141 7.6.1.3 Carbon Emissions 142 7.6.1.4 Economic Indicators 145 7.6.2 CO2 Transport and Clustering 147 7.6.3 CO2 Storage 149 7.6.3.1 Storage Options and Capacities 149 7.6.3.2 Storage Site Risks, Environmental Impacts and Monitoring 150 7.6.3.3 Storage Economics 152 7.6.4 Whole CCS Chain Assessment 153 7.7 Concluding Remarks 156 Acknowledgments 157 References 158 8 The System Value of Deploying Bioenergy with CCS (BECCS) in the United Kingdom 163Geraldine Newton‐Cross and Dennis Gammer 8.1 Background 163 8.1.1 Why BECCS? 163 8.1.2 Critical Knowledge Gaps 168 8.2 Context 168 8.2.1 Bioenergy 168 8.2.2 Bioenergy with CCS 169 8.3 Progressing our Understanding of the Key Uncertainties Associated with BECCS 170 8.3.1 Can a Sufficient Level of BECCS Be Deployed in the United Kingdom to Support Cost-Effective Decarbonisation Pathways for the United Kingdom out to 2050? 170 8.3.2 What are the Right Combinations of Feedstock, Preprocessing, Conversion and Carbon‐Capture Technologies to Deploy for Bioenergy Production in the United Kingdom? 174 8.3.2.1 Optimising Feedstock Properties for Future Bioenergy Conversion Technologies 174 8.3.2.2 BECCS Value Chains: What Carbon‐Capture Technologies Do we Need to Develop? 175 8.3.3 How can we Deliver the Greatest Emissions Savings from Bioenergy and BECCS in the United Kingdom? 176 8.3.4 How Much CO2 Could Be Stored from UK Sources and How Do we Monitor These Stores Efficiently and Safely? 178 8.3.4.1 Storage Potential 178 8.3.4.2 Managing the Risks of Storage 178 8.4 Conclusion: Completing the BECCS Picture 180 8.4.1 Next Steps 180 References 181 Part III BECCS in the Energy System 185 9 The Climate‐Change Mitigation Challenge 187Sarah Mander, Kevin Anderson, Alice Larkin, Clair Gough and Naomi Vaughan 9.1 Introduction 187 9.2 Cumulative Emissions and Atmospheric CO2 Concentration for 2°C Commitments 188 9.3 The Role of BECCS for Climate‐Change Mitigation – A Summary of BECCS within Integrated Assessment Modelling 190 9.3.1 Key Assumptions 194 9.4 Implications and Consequences of BECCS 194 9.5 Conclusions: Can BECCS Deliver what’s Expected of it? 199 References 200 10 The Future for Bioenergy Systems: The Role of BECCS? 205Gabrial Anandarajah, Olivier Dessens and Will McDowall 10.1 Introduction 205 10.2 Methodology 206 10.2.1 TIAM‐UCL 206 10.2.2 Representation of Bioenergy and CCS Technologies in TIAM‐UCL 208 10.2.3 Scenario Definitions 209 10.3 Results and Discussions 211 10.3.1 2°C Scenarios With and Without BECCS 211 10.3.2 Sensitivity Around Availability of Sustainable Bioenergy 215 10.3.3 1.5 °C Scenarios 221 10.4 Discussion and Conclusions 224 References 225 11 Policy Frameworks and Supply‐Chain Accounting 227Patricia Thornley and Alison Mohr 11.1 Introduction 227 11.2 The Origin and Use of Supply‐Chain Analysis in Bioenergy Systems 228 11.2.1 Rationale for Systems‐Level Evaluation 228 11.2.2 Importance and Significance of Scope of System 230 11.2.3 Importance and Significance of Breadth of Analysis 231 11.3 Policy Options 232 11.3.1 Objectives of BECCS Policy 232 11.3.2 Review of Existing Policy Frameworks 234 11.3.2.1 International Policy Frameworks 234 11.3.2.1.1 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 234 11.3.2.1.2 EU Emissions Trading System 236 11.3.2.1.3 Renewable Energy Directive and Fuel Quality Directive 236 11.3.2.2 National Policy Frameworks in the United Kingdom 237 11.3.2.2.1 Renewables Obligation and Contracts for Difference 237 11.3.2.2.2 Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation 238 11.4 Ensuring Environmental, Economic and Social Sustainability of a BECCS System 238 11.4.1 Environmental Sustainability and System Scope 238 11.4.2 Economic Sustainability and System Scope 240 11.4.3 Social Sustainability and System Scope 241 11.4.4 Trade‐Offs Between Different Sustainability Components 243 11.5 Governance of BECCS Systems 245 11.6 Conclusions: The Future of BECCS Policy and Governance 247 References 248 12 Social and Ethical Dimensions of BECCS 251Clair Gough, Leslie Mabon and Sarah Mander 12.1 Introduction 251 12.2 Fossil Fuels and BECCS 252 12.3 Alternative Approaches 254 12.3.1 Negative Emissions Approaches and CDR 254 12.3.2 Different Mitigation Approaches 256 12.4 Sustainable Decarbonisation 257 12.5 Societal Responses 258 12.6 Justice 262 12.6.1 Distributional Justice 262 12.6.2 Procedural Justice 263 12.6.3 Financial Justice 265 12.6.4 Intergenerational Justice 267 12.6.5 Summary 268 12.7 Summary 269 References 270 13 Unlocking Negative Emissions 277Clair Gough, Patricia Thornley, Sarah Mander, Naomi Vaughan and Amanda Lea‐Langton 13.1 Introduction 277 13.2 Summary of Chapters 277 13.3 Unlocking Negative Emissions: System‐Level Challenges 282 13.3.1 Terminology, Scale and Quantification 282 13.3.2 Non‐Technological Challenges 284 13.3.3 Technical Challenges 287 13.4 Can Negative Emissions be Unlocked? 287 13.4.1 Do we Need This Technology? 288 13.4.2 Can it Work? 288 13.4.3 Does the Focus on BECCS Distract From the Imperative to Radically Reduce Demand and Transform the Global Energy System? 288 13.4.4 How Can BECCS Unlock Negative Emissions? 289 13.5 Summing Up 290 References 290 Index 291

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Book SynopsisBEST OF THE 2022 RUSA Book & Media AWARDS One of Biblioracle's 8 favorite nonfiction books of 2021 in the Chicago Tribune The New York Post''s BEST BOOKS OF 2021 USA Today''s 5 BOOKS NOT TO MISSAlexander nimbly and grippingly translates the byzantine world of American health care into a real-life narrative with people you come to care about. New York TimesTakes readers into the world of the American medical industry in a way no book has done before. FortuneBy following the struggle for survival of one small-town hospital, and the patients who walk, or are carried, through its doors, The Hospital takes readers into the world of the American medical industry in a way no book has done before. Americans are dying sooner, and living in poorer health. Alexander argues that no plan will solve America's health crisis until the deeper causes of that crisis are addressed.

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Book SynopsisGreenwich at Work is a fascinating pictorial history of the working life of Greenwich in South East London in the last hundred and more years.

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Book SynopsisFrom tulsi to turmeric, echinacea to elderberry, medicinal herbs are big business — but do they deliver on their healing promise — to those who consume them, those who provide them and the natural world? ‘So deeply honest, sincere, heartful, questioning, and brilliant. . . . [The Business of Botanicals] is an amazing book, that plunges in, and takes a deepening look at those places where people don’t often venture.’ Rosemary Gladstar, author of Rosemary Gladstar’s Medicinal Herbs ‘For those who loved Braiding Sweetgrass, this book is a perfect opportunity to go deeper into understanding the complex and co-evolutionary journey of plants and people.’ Angela McElwee, president and CEO of Gaia Herbs Using herbal medicines to heal the body is an ancient practice, but in the twenty-first century, it is also a worldwide industry. Yet most consumers know very little about where those herbs come from and how they are processed into the many products that fill store shelves. In The Business of Botanicals, author Ann Armbrecht follows their journey from seed to shelf, revealing the inner workings of a complicated industry and raises questions about the ethical and ecological issues of mass production of medicines derived from these healing plants, many of which are imperiled in the wild. This is the first book to explore the interconnected web of the global herb industry and its many stakeholders and is an invaluable resource for conscious consumers who want to better understand the social and environmental impacts of the products they buy.Trade Review“In The Business of Botanicals, Ann Armbrecht brings readers along on a wholly engaging exploration of her questions and hard learnings about whether the healing power of plants can truly make it into the factory-sealed supplement bottles on our grocery shelves. Weaving her personal experiences with careful research about the history of medicinal herbs, Armbrecht explores the booming herbal supplements trade with courage and vulnerability; the journey from wild plant to industrial herb proves to be fraught and perilous. It’s a valuable read and a good read, a rare find in this age of information. Armbrecht is clearly a person and writer who thinks and cares deeply, and she invites her readers to do the same, which is truly a gift.”—Kate Williams, CEO of 1% for the Planet“In The Business of Botanicals, Ann Armbrecht establishes herself as gifted storyteller, weaving the practical aspects of the global botanical industry with the lesser explored and more nuanced threads that make up the tapestry of sourcing, producing, and selling herbal products. From Ann’s far-flung travels, the reader gains a rare vantage point of the inner workings of the global herb trade, as she explores the people and places that make the products lining our medicine cabinets possible. The result is a riveting journey, one that tackles hard questions not explored by most: How do we reconcile the roots of colonialism present in the modern herb trade with the benefits we seek to impart through our products? What must businesses do to protect the health of the people and planet supporting our supply chains, placing their needs equal to shareholder return? For those who loved Braiding Sweetgrass, this book is a perfect opportunity to go deeper into understanding the complex and co-evolutionary journey of plants and people in creating the herbal products we love.”—Angela McElwee, president and CEO of Gaia Herbs“The Business of Botanicals is a unique and valuable resource on the exceptional challenges to creating ethical, ecological, and fair herbal products, written from the perspective of a thoughtful expert.”—Ryan Zinn, Regenerative Projects Manager, Dr. Bronner’s“The Business of Botanicals is a chronicle of the modern-day global herb trade, peppered with historical context, anecdotes, and wisdom from modern pioneers of the herb industry whose companies and products remain some of the best on the current market. The quality of the technical information is lovingly translated with practical examples into interesting and relevant guidance for small growers and herb users. And beyond the technical narrative, the author poses philosophical questions about the ethics, authenticity, and sustainability of the modern herb market.”—Cindy Angerhofer, executive fellow of Botanical Research, Aveda Corporation“I read this brilliant book from cover to cover like a story I couldn’t tear myself away from. Ann Armbrecht’s writing flows almost poetically, even as she describes the business of herbs. Like herbs themselves, The Business of Botanicals is rich in colors, scents, and flavors and is rooted in the earth—exquisite and messy, beautiful and dirty all at the same time. Armbrecht takes us on a journey to many corners of the world to visit plant growers and collectors, as well as teachers and conservationists. In the true spirit of inquiry, her journey comes back to the heart, the organ of true perception. If the herbalism we practice is holistic because it considers the whole picture of a patient before formulating a prescription, and the whole plant we use is clearly more than the sum of its constituent parts, so too this book offers a truly holistic perspective. As Armbrecht says, her journey became the medicine these plants offer. . . . That is their promise.”—Anne McIntyre, MAPA, MCPP, fellow of the National Institute of Medical Herbalists, author of Dispensing with Tradition and The Ayurveda Bible“The high-quality organic herbs in your teacup, tincture, or supplement did not materialize out of thin air. More than fifty years ago, the seeds of an industry were planted by a few unique and talented individuals—farmers, herbalists, and entrepreneurs who have dedicated their lives to improving planetary, human, and animal well-being. This well-researched and fascinating book tells their stories and lays out a clear path for a healthier sustainable future.”—David Winston, RH (AHG), dean of David Winston’s Center for Herbal Studies; founder of Herbal Therapeutics Research Library“This timely book explores the manifold issues facing the supply chain that feeds the US and European herb markets. A profound social reassessment is underway. Ann Armbrecht acknowledges the racist, imperialist roots of the international trade in botanicals and examines the impressive progress being made to transform this legacy of economic oppression. Based on care for the plants and the planet, the evolving supply chain acknowledges the ecology of issues beyond profit. Armbrecht introduces these holistic, ecological perspectives as a sign of great hope for the future and celebrates the rich diversity of people and backgrounds that make the planet’s herbal abundance accessible to the West.”—David Hoffmann, RH (AHG), fellow of the National Institute of Medical Herbalists, chief formulator for Traditional Medicinals“Ann Armbrecht brings us the fruits of a passion that drove her to explore the widest reaches of the world’s herbal supply chains. She has looked under the bonnet and found that the engine of herbal healing is in need of repair. Even well-intentioned conflicts of interest in this industry too often get in the way of quality and sustainability. Along with key people she meets, Ann concludes that the answer here, as ever, is about nurturing relationships and supporting the interests of everyone in the herbal web. Everyone who loves herbs needs to read this book!”—Simon Mills, herbal clinician and elder, author of Out of the Earth, coauthor of Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy“The Business of Botanicals is a thoroughly engaging, must-read book for all herbalists, herbal medicine makers, herb growers, and anyone who turns to herbs for their health. I was immediately drawn into the story of botanical medicines and the complexities within each bottle of herbal tincture on store shelves.”—Rosalee de la Forêt, herbalist and author of Alchemy of Herbs, coauthor of Wild Remedies“The Business of Botanicals is a must read for all herbalists who care about the quality and ethical issues that are part and parcel of what has become the enormous global herb industry.”—Dr. Jill Stansbury, ND, author of Herbal Formularies for Health Professionals“Those of us in the botanical industry were once seen as an odd band of naturalist dropouts, growing or picking plants with unpronounceable names for slightly mysterious purposes. Today, herbal medicines are a global phenomenon, but through that surge in popularity, we are loving herbs to death. The Business of Botanicals focuses on the urgent task at hand to be benevolent stewards in how we source, manufacture, and sustain an ever more stressed herb ecosystem. If you love botanicals, please read this book.”—Loren Israelsen, president of the United Natural Products Alliance“Ann Armbrecht writes with deep respect for the essence of plants and their capacity to heal, seeking to reconcile the spirit of botanicals with the realm of brands and tradeshows. Armbrecht’s reverence for nature and emotional honesty animates these pages and elevates this book above a by-the-numbers industry analysis.”—Judith D. Schwartz, author of The Reindeer Chronicles and Water in Plain Sight“Ann Armbrecht is a bright light in the complex business of botanical medicines. She is a pragmatic insider, not an armchair critic, but she also brings a strong sense of ethical wisdom to her book and her work as an advocate who does not dodge the hard questions.”—Gary Paul Nabhan, author of Mesquite and Jesus for Farmers and Fishers“Ann Armbrecht’s engaging book provides perceptive and important insights into what is too often an invisible trade despite its immense importance to the livelihoods, traditions, and interests of a great many people around the world.”—Steven Broad, executive director of TRAFFIC and member of the Board of the FairWild Foundation“A vastly important and enlightening dive into the complexities of the botanical industry that is a must read for conscious consumers and industry professionals alike. Ann Armbrecht tackles the issues of sustainability, quality, livelihoods, and traditional knowledge with so much heart and honesty that you feel as if you’ve taken the journey with her.”—Erin Smith, director of Herbal Science & Research, Banyan Botanicals; co-chair of the Sustainability Committee at the American Herbal Products Association“This well-written and well-researched book provides fascinating and important insights into how herbal remedies make it into our homes. Ann Armbrecht’s passion for the subject shines through as she takes readers on an illuminating journey through the highs and lows, the joys and challenges, the magic and hard commerce present in the herbal medicine trade. Reading almost like a travelogue, The Business of Botanicals chronicles her visits to farms, wild-collection sites, and factories around several continents, introducing some of the key characters and companies in the industry along the way.”—Susan Curtis, director of Natural Health, Neal’s Yard RemediesForeword Reviews— "Thoughtful and compelling. . . The Business of Botanicals is an insightful, impassioned study of the herbal supplements industry and the challenges of producing its goods in a socially responsible way. . . . Representing hundreds of interviews with people at all levels of the supply chain. . .the book is a commanding plea that people engage in ‘conscious capitalism. ‘"

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Book SynopsisThe Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH) is the premier, nationally recognized source for career information. Especially designed to provide valuable up-to-date information, the Handbook is great for all individuals making decisions about their future including students about to graduate from high school or college, recent graduates, individuals returning to the workforce after an absence, or anyone looking for a career change. It has been used by millions since the 1940s. The completely updated OOH reflects employment information released in September 2022. It includes information on the fastest-growing occupations, number of new jobs, and a summary of the highest-paying occupations.This Handbook contains numerous occupations profiles and includes information on: Job duties Education and training needed Median pay Important qualities for the job Licenses, certification, and registrations needed Contact information to learn more about the occupation Job outlook Special features include: Assumptions and methods used in preparing employment projections A comprehensive appendix summarizing the occupations Data for occupations not covered in detail Employment projections Glossary of terms used throughout the book Occupational information network coverage; and a detailed index

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Book SynopsisDescribes the forces that press for change in healthcare and explains why the US health system has evolved to its current state. This book’s issue-oriented chapters cover various aspects of the US health system, including the cost of medical care, health insurance, physician and nursing shortages, prescription drugs, and more.

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Book SynopsisThe capacity to innovate is a fundamental resource for organizations as well as the true wealth of a society. To contribute fully to the prosperity of an organization, region or country, the innovation process - which is not only technology-based - requires the implementation of knowledge dynamics between domains that are often treated in isolation. This dynamic is based on a synergy between humans and intelligent machines. For several years, innovation has been omnipresent and part of strategic matters. The word "innovation" is in the headlines of reports, articles and business media, and is also the subject of events, projects, think tanks, clubs and blogs. Several forums on social networks are devoted to its various facets. It is a global phenomenon. This book introduces the concept of "e-co-innovation" which brings a better understanding of the successful transition from idea to reality and ultimate value. The motivation behind this book is to introduce a global and system overview of the subject, to present the various aspects of innovation from different angles and perspectives to finally bring the reader to an understanding of all ecosystem components, their metamorphoses, cross-influences and possible impacts on the balanced development of people, businesses, regions and countries.Table of ContentsForeword xi Introduction xiii Chapter 1. Global Landscape of Innovation 1 1.1. Innovation in the world 1 1.2. Innovation in Europe 18 1.4. The future of innovation 29 Chapter 2. A Multi-faceted Innovation 31 2.1. The pieces of the kaleidoscope 31 2.2. From invention to innovation 32 2.3. A few definitions of innovation 34 2.4. Innovation spectrum 38 2.5. Innovation paradoxes 56 Chapter 3. From Innovation to E-co-innovation 59 3.1. Awakening consciousness 59 3.2. The traditional innovation process 61 3.3. Why and when innovate? 69 3.4. Role of the customer in the innovation process 70 3.5. Integrating environmental aspects 76 3.6. E-co-innovation or innovating differently 82 3.7. Innovating in a knowledge economy 87 Chapter 4. Knowledge and Skills to E-co-innovate 89 4.1. Information or knowledge? 89 4.2. The knowledge necessary to innovate 90 4.3. Which skills are essential to e-co-innovate? 104 4.4. Measuring the organizational capacity to innovate 110 4.5. Mobilizing imagination, collective intelligence and technology 113 Chapter 5. Knowledge Management – Collective Human-Machine Intelligence 115 5.1. Amplifying intelligence 115 5.2. The role of computers in the e-co-innovation process 116 5.3. Knowledge management 128 5.4. Building knowledge flow 136 Chapter 6. Innovating Technological Innovation 143 6.1. Researchers, R&D and innovation 143 6.2. Technological innovation actors 148 6.3. Contexts and ambitions 149 6.4. Motivations, evaluations and promotion 154 6.5. What is the role of education? 163 6.6. Some initiatives to transform technological innovation in economic values 165 6.7. Financing and return on investment 172 6.8. Proposal: technological innovation in the knowledge economy 179 6.9. The future of research187 Chapter 7. Innovation for Territorial Development 189 7.1. The economic situation of regions and cities 189 7.2. Strategies and actions in favor of regional development 195 7.3. Some initiatives in favor of territorial growth by innovation 204 7.4. Removing obstacles to development 210 7.5. Development in the knowledge economy 214 7.6. Innovating for a prosperous future 219 Inventing the Future 221 Glossary 223 Bibliography 227 Index 245

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Book SynopsisThis work investigates the growing gap between the promises of new global capitalism and the reality of insecurity, inequality, social breakdown, spiritual emptiness and environmental destruction. It looks at what went wrong and offers solutions based on examples from new biology. The author examines ways in which economic values and institutions are shaped by certain beliefs about the nature and meaning of life. Modern societies have been shaped more than is realized, by beliefs embedded in the story told by Newtonian physics of a clockwork universe in which life is an accident and consciousness an illusion. This theory has led to the creation of competitive, individualistic, and materialistic societies grounded in a Hobbsian philosophy that there is no moral purpose to life and therefore good is merely that which brings pleasure and evil that which brings pain. This text outlines specific measures to free the creative powers of individuals and societies through the realization of a radical democracy, the local rooting of capital through stakeholder ownership, and a restructuring of the rules of commerce to create "mindful market" economies that combine market principles with a culture that nurtures social bonding and responsibility.Trade Review“If you secretly wonder why the hyped promise of capitalism doesn’t match the all too common and difficult struggle to make ends meet you will be fascinated by this account of where our economy went wrong and how we can change. Korten makes the economic principles that got us where we are today plain, simple , and accessible.” —Vicki Robin, coauthor of Your Money or Your Life “Korten argues convincingly that Adam Smith would be appalled by much that Wall Street has done in recent decades, and he raises a host of provocative quesions about the emerging global economic order. Not everyone will agree with Korten’s answers, but everyone will be enriched by considering his questions.” —Denis Hayes, Chair and CEO, Earth Day 2000 “The Post Corporate World does for our view of corporatism what Betty Friedan did for our view of women and Rachel Carson did for our view of the environment. . . . Passionately and gracefully written. . . it will twist your mind about the world and how you are living in it.” —Peter Block, author of Stewardship and The Empowered Manager “A refreshing signpost for the future.” —Professor Klaus Schwab, President, World Economic Forum, Geneva “If you want to understand what is really happening in the world, read David Korten. The Post-Corporate World points to what must come next if human beings ard other creatures are to have a livable future.” —John B. Cobb, Jr., Professor Emeritus of Religion, Claremont Graduate School, and coauthor of For the Common Good “An earthshaking book—a product of brilliant thinking from one of history’s most groundreaking intellecutals and activists.” —Lynne Twist, Co-chair, State of the World Forum Table of ContentsPrologue: A story for the Third Millennium. Part 1 - A deadly tale: the siren's song; the naked emperor; the Midas curse. Part 2 - An epic story: life's incredible journey; making choices; learning to live. Part 3 - To free life's creative power: radical democracy; rooted capital; mindful markets. Part 4 - Setting a new course: telling a new story; reclaiming our cultures; creating right livelihoods. Epilogue: Step to maturity.

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Book SynopsisHeenan Blaikie was one of Canada's leading law firms that boasted 1,100 employees and once had two former prime ministers on its staff -- Pierre Trudeau and Jean Chrétien. When it collapsed in February 2014, lawyers across Canada and the business community were stunned. What went wrong? Why did so many lawyers run for the exit? How did it implode? What is it that holds professional partnerships together? This is the story of the rise and fall of a great company by the ultimate insider, Norman Bacal, who served as managing partner until a year before the firm's demise. Breakdown takes readers into the boardroom offices during the heady growth of a legal empire built from the ground up over 40 years. We see how after a change of leadership tensions erupted between the Toronto and Montreal offices, and between the hard-driving lawyers themselves. It is a story about the extraordinary fragility of the legal partnership, but it's also a classic business story, a cautionary tale of the perils of ignoring a firm's culture and vision. Normal0falsefalsefalseEN-USJAX-NONETrade Review"An illuminating insider's account of the collapse of one of Canada's premier law firms. Puts you in the passenger seat of a train wreck." -- Jacquie McNish , Senior Correspondent, The Wall Street Journal"Good storytelling makes for a good book. Norman Bacal's ability to render a business story accessible to all readers, not just lawyers, makes this an entertaining read." -- Robert Lantos, film producer, Chairman, Serendipity Point Films"A fascinating and important business story, whose lessons on the impact of culture and leadership apply to all organizations, regardless of size, sector or geography." -- Calin Rovinescu, President and CEO, Air Canada"Jaw dropping!" -- Drew Hasselback, Editor, Legal Post section of the National Post

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