Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering Books

Book SynopsisThe Suitability of developed constructed wetlands as a sustainable technology for the treatment of municipal wastewater.- A Deliberation on a Resilient Public Healthcare System during a Crisis Situation in the State of Haryana.- Assessment of Solar Dryer Performance via No-Load Performance Index and Thermal Efficiency in Various Operating Modes.- AUDIT REPORT ON SOLAR SPACE HEATING (WATER BASED COMBI- SYSTEM).- Design and Development of an Automatic Multipurpose Precision Workshop for Small-Scale Operations.- Energy audit of parabolic solar cooker.- Fire Safety Measures in Nuclear Facilities: Lessons from Past Disasters.

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Book SynopsisMechanization and Automation for a sustainable plantation operation.- Palm Oil Sustainability Certification.- Sustainable biorefinery concept of oil palm for renewable sources.- Characterisation of lignin derived from varied oil palm biomass.- Value added material from oil palm waste: Properties and Characterizarion.- Oil Palm Biomass as Substrate for Mushroom Cultivation.- My Composite from Oil Palm Biomass.- Optimization of Enzyme Dosage for Rapid Composting Process Using Response Surface Methodology.- Recycling Oil Palm Waste for Organic Fertilizer Production Using Rapid Composting Process.- Heavy Metal and Nutrient Adsorption Capacity of Oil Palm Biomass.- Dye adsorption using EFB based SMC from Volvariella volvacea cultivation.- Heavy Metal and Nutrient Adsorption Capacity of Oil Palm Biomass.- Heavy metals and dye adsorption capacity of prepared activated carbon from Oil Palm.

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Table of ContentsIntroduction xix About the Author xxxiii Chapter 1: Mole Balances 1 1.1 The Rate of Reaction, –r_A 4 1.2 The General Mole Balance Equation (GMBE) 8 1.3 Batch Reactors (BRs) 10 1.4 Continuous-Flow Reactors 12 1.5 Industrial Reactors 24 1.6 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 1 (AWFOS - S1 Safety) 25 Chapter 2: Conversion and Reactor Sizing 35 2.1 Definition of Conversion 36 2.2 Batch Reactor Design Equations 36 2.3 Design Equations for Flow Reactors 39 2.4 Sizing Continuous-Flow Reactors 42 2.5 Reactors in Series 51 2.6 Some Further Definitions 62 2.7 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 2 (AWFOS - S2 The NFPA Diamond) 66 Chapter 3: Rate Laws 75 3.1 Basic Definitions 76 3.2 The Rate Law 78 3.3 The Reaction-Rate Constant 89 3.4 Molecular Simulations 100 3.5 Present Status of Our Approach to Reactor Sizing and Design 103 3.6 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 3 (AWFOS - S3 The GHS Diamond) 104 Chapter 4: Stoichiometry 117 4.1 Batch Reactors (BRs) 119 4.2 Flow Systems 125 4.3 Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium Conversion 138 4.4 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 4 (AWFOS - S4 The Swiss Cheese Model) 143 Chapter 5: Isothermal Reactor Design: Conversion 155 5.1 Design Structure for Isothermal Reactors 156 5.2 Batch Reactors (BRs) 160 5.3 Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs) 168 5.4 Tubular Reactors 178 5.5 Pressure Drop in Reactors 185 5.6 Synthesizing the Design of a Chemical Plant 208 5.7 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 5 (AWFOS - S5 A Safety Analysis of the Incident Algorithm) 210 Chapter 6: Isothermal Reactor Design: Moles and Molar Flow Rates 229 6.1 The Moles and Molar Flow Rate Balance Algorithms 230 6.2 Mole Balances on CSTRs, PFRs, PBRs, and Batch Reactors 230 6.3 Application of the PFR Molar Flow Rate Algorithm to a Microreactor 234 6.4 Membrane Reactors 239 6.5 Unsteady-State Operation of Stirred Reactors 248 6.6 Semibatch Reactors 249 6.7 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 6 (AWFOS - S6 The BowTie Diagram) 256 Chapter 7: Collection and Analysis of Rate Data 269 7.1 The Algorithm for Data Analysis 270 7.2 Determining the Reaction Order for Each of Two Reactants Using the Method of Excess 272 7.3 Integral Method 273 7.4 Differential Method of Analysis 277 7.5 Nonlinear Regression 284 7.6 Reaction-Rate Data from Differential Reactors 290 7.7 Experimental Planning 297 7.8 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 7 (AWFOS - S7 Laboratory Safety) 297 Chapter 8: Multiple Reactions 309 8.1 Definitions 310 8.2 Algorithm for Multiple Reactions 313 8.3 Parallel Reactions 316 8.4 Reactions in Series 325 8.5 Complex Reactions 335 8.6 Membrane Reactors to Improve Selectivity in Multiple Reactions 343 8.7 Sorting It All Out 348 8.8 The Fun Part 348 8.9 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 8 (AWFOS - S8 The Fire Triangle) 349 Chapter 9: Reaction Mechanisms, Pathways, Bioreactions, and Bioreactors 367 9.1 Active Intermediates and Nonelementary Rate Laws 368 9.2 Enzymatic Reaction Fundamentals 377 9.3 Inhibition of Enzyme Reactions 391 9.4 Bioreactors and Biosynthesis 399 9.5 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 9 (AWFOS - S9 Process Safety Triangle) 422 Chapter 10: Catalysis and Catalytic Reactors 441 10.1 Catalysts 441 10.2 Steps in a Catalytic Reaction 447 10.3 Synthesizing a Rate Law, Mechanism, and Rate-Limiting Step 463 10.4 Heterogeneous Data Analysis for Reactor Design 479 10.5 Reaction Engineering in Microelectronic Fabrication 490 10.6 Model Discrimination 493 10.7 Catalyst Deactivation 496 10.8 Reactors That Can Be Used to Help Offset Catalyst Decay 507 10.9 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 10 (AWFOS - S10 Exxon Mobil Torrance Refinery Explosion Involving a Straight-Through Transport Reactor [STTR]) 519 Chapter 11: Nonisothermal Reactor Design: The Steady-State Energy Balance and Adiabatic PFR Applications 541 11.1 Rationale 542 11.2 The Energy Balance 543 11.3 The User-Friendly Energy Balance Equations 551 11.4 Adiabatic Operation 557 11.5 Adiabatic Equilibrium Conversion 566 11.6 Reactor Staging with Interstage Cooling or Heating 571 11.7 Optimum Feed Temperature 575 11.8 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 11 (AWFOS - S11 Acronyms) 579 Chapter 12: Steady-State Nonisothermal Reactor Design: Flow Reactors with Heat Exchange 591 12.1 Steady-State Tubular Reactor with Heat Exchange 592 12.2 Balance on the Heat-Transfer Fluid 595 12.3 Examples of the Algorithm for PFR/PBR Design with Heat Effects 598 12.4 CSTR with Heat Effects 619 12.5 Multiple Steady States (MSS) 630 12.6 Nonisothermal Multiple Chemical Reactions 637 12.7 Radial and Axial Temperature Variations in a Tubular Reactor 652 12.8 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 12 (AWFOS - S12 Safety Statistics) 652 Chapter 13: Unsteady-State Nonisothermal Reactor Design 681 13.1 The Unsteady-State Energy Balance 682 13.2 Energy Balance on Batch Reactors (BRs) 684 13.3 Batch and Semibatch Reactors with a Heat Exchanger 700 13.4 Nonisothermal Multiple Reactions 711 13.5 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 13 (AWFOS - S13 Safety Analysis of the T2 Laboratories Incident) 723 Chapter 14: Mass Transfer Limitations in Reacting Systems 739 14.1 Diffusion Fundamentals 740 14.2 Binary Diffusion 744 14.3 Modeling Diffusion with Chemical Reaction 748 14.4 The Mass Transfer Coefficient 750 14.5 Mass Transfer to a Single Particle 752 14.6 The Shrinking Core Model 758 14.7 Mass Transfer-Limited Reactions in Packed Beds 763 14.8 Robert the Worrier 766 14.9 What If . . . ? (Parameter Sensitivity) 770 14.10 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 14 (AWFOS - S14 Sugar Dust Explosion) 778 Chapter 15: Diffusion and Reaction 791 15.1 Diffusion and Reactions in Homogeneous Systems 792 15.2 Diffusion and Reactions in Spherical Catalyst Pellets 793 15.3 The Internal Effectiveness Factor 802 15.4 Falsified Kinetics 809 15.5 Overall Effectiveness Factor 811 15.6 Estimation of Diffusion- and Reaction-Limited Regimes 816 15.7 Mass Transfer and Reaction in a Packed Bed 817 15.8 Determination of Limiting Situations from Reaction-Rate Data 823 15.9 Multiphase Reactors in the Professional Reference Shelf 824 15.10 Fluidized Bed Reactors 826 15.11 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) 826 15.12 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 15 (AWFOS - S15 Critical Thinking Questions Applied to Safety) 826 Chapter 16: Residence Time Distributions of Chemical Reactors 843 16.1 General Considerations 844 16.2 Measurement of the RTD 846 16.3 Characteristics of the RTD 853 16.4 RTD in Ideal Reactors 860 16.5 PFR/CSTR Series RTD 866 16.6 Diagnostics and Troubleshooting 869 16.7 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 16 (AWFOS - S16 Critical Thinking Actions) 876 Chapter 17: Predicting Conversion Directly from the Residence Time Distribution 887 17.1 Modeling Nonideal Reactors Using the RTD 888 17.2 Zero Adjustable Parameter Models 890 17.3 Using Software Packages Such as Polymath to Find Maximum Mixedness Conversion 907 17.4 Tanks-in-Series One Parameter Model, n 910 17.5 RTD and Multiple Reactions 912 17.6 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 17 (AWFOS - S17 Brief Case History on an Air Preheater) 917 Chapter 18: Models for Nonideal Reactors 929 18.1 Some Guidelines for Developing Models 930 18.2 Flow and Axial Dispersion of Inert Tracers in Isothermal Reactors 933 18.3 Flow, Reaction, and Axial Dispersion 937 18.4 Flow, Reaction, and Axial Dispersion in Isothermal Laminar-Flow Reactors and Finding Meno 941 18.5 Tanks-in-Series Model versus Dispersion Model 951 18.6 Numerical Solutions to Flows with Dispersion and Reaction 952 18.7 Nonisothermal Flow with Radial and Axial Variations in a Tubular Reactor 956 18.8 Two-Parameter Models -- Modeling Real Reactors with Combinations of Ideal Reactors 964 18.9 And Now . . . A Word from Our Sponsor -- Safety 18 (AWFOS - S18 An Algorithm for Management of Change (MoC)) 974 Appendix A: Numerical Techniques 991 A.1 Useful Integrals in Chemical Reactor Design 991 A.2 Equal-Area Graphical Differentiation 992 A.3 Solutions to Differential Equations 994 A.4 Numerical Evaluation of Integrals 995 A.5 Semi-Log Graphs 997 A.6 Software Packages 997 Appendix B: Ideal Gas Constant and Conversion Factors 999 Appendix C: Thermodynamic Relationships Involving the Equilibrium Constant 1003 Appendix D: Software Packages 1009 D.1 Polymath 1009 D.2 Wolfram 1010 D.3 Python 1011 D.4 MATLAB 1011 D.5 Excel 1011 D.6 COMSOL (http://www.umich.edu/~elements/6e/12chap/comsol.html) 1012 D.7 Aspen 1013 D.8 Visual Encyclopedia of Equipment -- Reactors Section 1013 D.9 Reactor Lab 1013 Appendix E: Rate-Law Data 1015 Appendix F: Nomenclature 1017 Appendix G: Open-Ended Problems 1021 G.1 Chem-E-Car 1021 G.2 Effective Lubricant Design 1021 G.3 Peach Bottom Nuclear Reactor 1021 G.4 Underground Wet Oxidation 1022 G.5 Hydrodesulfurization Reactor Design 1022 G.6 Continuous Bioprocessing 1022 G.7 Methanol Synthesis 1022 G.8 Cajun Seafood Gumbo 1022 G.9 Alcohol Metabolism 1023 G.10 Methanol Poisoning 1024 G.11 Safety 1024 Appendix H: Use of Computational Chemistry Software Packages 1025 H.1 Computational Chemical Reaction Engineering 1025 Appendix I: How to Use the CRE Web Resources 1027 I.1 CRE Web Resources Components 1027 Index 1029

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Book SynopsisJ. Richard Elliott is Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Akron in Ohio. He has taught courses ranging from freshman tools to senior process design as well as thermodynamics at every level. He has worked with the NIST lab in Boulder and ChemStations in Houston. He holds a Ph.D. from Pennsylvania State University.   Carl T. Lira is Associate Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at Michigan State University. He teaches thermodynamics at all levels, chemical kinetics, and material and energy balances. He has been recognized with the Amoco Excellence in Teaching Award and multiple presentations of the MSU Withrow Teaching Excellence Award. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Illinois.Table of Contents Unit I: First and Second Laws Chapter 1: Basic Concepts Chapter 2: The Energy Balance Chapter 3: Energy Balances for Composite Systems Chapter 4: Entropy 1 Chapter 5: Thermodynamics Of Processes Unit II: Generalized Analysis of Fluid Properties Chapter 6: Classical Thermodynamics – Generalizations For Any Fluid Chapter 7: Engineering Equations of State for PVT Properties Chapter 8: Departure Functions Chapter 9: Phase Equilibrium in a Pure Fluid Unit III: Fluid Phase Equilibria in Mixtures Chapter 10: Introduction to Multicomponent Systems Chapter 11: An Introduction To Activity Models Chapter 12: van der Waals Activity Models Chapter 13: Local Composition Activity Models Chapter 14: Liquid-Liquid and Solid-Liquid Phase Equilibria Chapter 15: Phase Equilibria in Mixtures by an Equation of State Chapter 16: Advanced Phase Diagrams Unit IV: Reaction Equilibria Chapter 17: Reaction Equilibria Chapter 18: Electrolyte Solutions Chapter 19: Molecular Association and Solvation Appendix A: Summary of Computer Programs Appendix B: Mathematics Appendix C: Strategies for Solving VLE Problems Appendix D: Models for Process Simulators Appendix E: Themodynamic Properties Index

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Book SynopsisExamines both mined and synthetic diamonds and diamond films. The text offers coverage on the use of diamond as an engineering material, integrating original research on the science, technology and applications of diamond. It discusses the use of chemical vapour deposition grown diamonds in electronics, cutting tools, wear resistant coatings, thermal management, optics and acoustics, as well as in new products.Trade Review". . .This very in-depth book could be used by those involved with the production, characterization or application of synthetic diamond. "---IEEE Electrical Insulation MagazineTable of Contents"Properties Band Structure, Alan T. Collins Diamond Morphology, Robert E. Clausing Mechanical Properties of Diamond, Diamond Films, Diamond-Like Carbon, and Like-Diamond Materials, Peter J. Gielisse Surface Properties of Diamond, Mark P. D'Evelyn Thermal Properties Heat Capacity, Conductivity, and the Thermal Coefficient of Expansion, V. I. Nepsha Thermal Measurement Techniques, John E. Graebner Optical Properties, Alexander M. Zaitsev Electrical and Electronic Properties, Alexander G. Gontar Characterization Characterization Methods, Karen McNamara Rutledge and Karen K. Gleason Mined Diamond Natural Diamond, Henry O. A. Meyer and Michael Seal Theory Theory of Diamond Chemical Vapor Deposition, David G. Goodwin and James E. Butler Modeling and Diagnostics of Plasma Reactors Introduction, A. Gicquel Basic Processes in Plasmas Under Conditions Typical for Diamond Deposition, A. Gicquel Basic Processes: Plasma/Surface Interactions, A. Gicquel The Boltzmann Equation, Matt Gordon Flow Modeling for a Plasma Assisted Diamond Deposition Reactor, K. Hassouni, C. D. Scott, and S. Farhat Electromagnetic Field Modeling of Diamond CVD Reactors, Timothy A. Grotjohn Modeling of the Diffusional Transport of an H2 Plasma Obtained Under Diamond Deposition Discharge Conditions, K. Hassouni, C. D. Scott, and S. Farhat Spatially Resolved Spectroscopic Analysis of the Plasma, A. Gicquel, M. Chenevier, and M. Lefebvre Methods of Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth Hot-Filament CVD Methods, Alberto Argoitia, Christopher S. Kovach, and John C. Angus Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition of Diamonds, Peter K. Bachmann Diamond CVD Using Radio-Frequency Plasmas, Steven L. Girshick Synthesis of Diamond, Mark A. Cappelli Low Temperature CVD, Akimitsu Hatta and Akio Hiraki Structural Modification of Diamond Nucleation and Epitaxy, S. P. Bozeman, B. R. Stoner, and J. T. Glass Ion Implantation of Diamond and Diamond Films, R. Kalish and S. Prawer Processing, Victor G. Ralchenko and Sergei M. Pime

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Book SynopsisKnowledge of the basic mechanisms of human disease is essential for any student or professional engaged in drug research and development. Functional gene analysis (genomics), protein analysis (proteomics), and other molecular biological techniques have made it possible to understand these cellular processes, opening up exciting opportunities for novel therapeutic possibilities.Molecular Pathomechanisms and New Trends in Drug Research presents an in-depth review of the molecular mechanisms involved in a number of common diseases including cancer, AIDS, inflammation, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders, with particular emphasis on signal transduction and potential therapeutic strategies. It will be a useful reference text for students and researchers in chemistry, biochemistry, medicine and the pharmaceutical sciences.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Pathomechanisms and Molecular Target Finding. Common Pathway and General Mechanism. Drug Discovery. Molecular Pathomechanism of Cancer. Infectious Diseases. Diseases of the Central and the Peripheral Nervous System. Cardiovascular Diseases. Endocrinal and Gastrointestinal Disorders. Drug Applications.

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Book SynopsisThis volume explains the theory and experimental investigations in the preparation of heterophase polymer network materials through cure reaction-induced microphase separation (CRIMPS). It describes the synthesis of a new family of block- and graft-copolymers with controlled solubility in epoxies and characterizes CRIMPS processes using novel applications of known methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance and photochemistry. The text develops a new method for characterizing the molecular mass distribution (MMD) of linear and network polymers using thermomechanical analysis data, as well as new methods for determining internal stresses and flaw formation during thermoset curing. The CRIMPS theory will be helpful for researchers and engineers designing and improving toughened plastics and other smart heterophase network materials for different applications. The new method for MMD characterization of polymers in bulk will be very useful to quickly analyzTable of ContentsSynthesis of Well-Defined Bifunctional Oligobutadines as Initiated by Dilithium Alkanes Soluble in Hydrocarbons. Theory of Microphase Separation in Curing Systems. Kinetics and Mechanism of Cure Reactions and Reaction-Induced Microphase Separation. Structure Properties Relationship. New Approaches to Polymer Networks Characterization.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisSuitable for chemical, plant and process engineers and provides reference on methods, process fundamentals and supporting design data, this title includes: expanded chapters on Heat Transfer; new chapters on the design of shell and tube heat exchangers, double pipe heat exchangers, air coolers; and more.Trade Review"...updated with new methods and contain a wealth of useful data…an excellent job of bringing this book up to date and ensuring that it continues to treat the subject from the perspective of industrial practice...a worthwhile addition to the library of any engineer engaged in process design or plant operations." --Chemical Engineering "The new version retains the original material...but augments this content...presents excellent discussions of design problems...improves on the original product in quantity as well as quality of information...relevant to today’s engineering needs and requirements." --CEP Magazine "...a true application-driven book. It provides clarity and easy access to essential process plant data and design information...covers a complete range of basic day to day chemical operation main elements."--tce "Ludwig's Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants, Volume 3, Fourth Edition is a true application-driven book. It provides clarity and easy access to essential process plant data and design information. It actually covers a complete range of basis day to day chemical operation main elements. The biggest part of the book focuses on heat transfer and energy process integration. Practical elements of refrigeration, compressions and mechanical drivers are also presented. Furthermore, it contains an important and interesting chapter on both industrial and laboratory hazards. There is also a short metallurgy and corrosion chapter. The methods and fundamentals of plant design are complemented with supplemental mechanical and related data, charts and heuristics. This fourth edition is significantly expanded and updated, with new topics that ensure readers can analyze problems and find practical design methods and solution to accomplish their process design tasks. The very large overview means that this reference manual can be well-used by both academics and those in industry. This manual is a guide for the engineer in applying chemical processes. This book does not develop or derive theoretical equations; instead, it provides direct application of sound theory to applied equations useful in the immediate design effort. Most of the recommended equations have been used in actual plant equipment design and can be handled by the inexperienced and the experienced engineer. The book can also be used as a classroom text for chemical plant design courses in universities." tce "This book represents a considerable amount of present-day engineering data and design information that should not only be of extraordinary value to the process chemical engineer looking for excellent information on Unit Operations equipment but also serves as a detailed source of help for process design and equipment specifications." --Art Montemayor, Spring, TexasTable of Contents15. Heat Transfer 16. Process Integration and Heat Exchanger Networks 17. Refrigeration Systems 18. Compression Equipment (Including Fans) 19. Reciprocating Compression, Surge Drums 20. Mechanical Drivers 21. Industrial and Laboratory Reactors - Chemical Reaction Hazards and Process Integration of Reactors 22. Metallurgy - Corrosion

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