History and Archaeology Books

Book SynopsisWe live in a historical end-time that erases the legacy of the nineteenth century in all areas of social and individual life. Our epoch at the turn of two centuries has come to an end and there are many indications that the twentieth century will not be a continuation but the reversal of the nineteenth. ... So I want my memories to be understood as materials for the history of my time, a story of the intellectual struggles at the beginning of this era and the political struggles at its end. "Simon Dubnow 1934Simon Dubnow's book of life comprises three parts, which in three Volumes are published. Volume 1 brings to mind childhood and youth, the apprenticeship years and the beginning of journalistic work such as historical research in Petersburg and Odessa in the years 1860 to 1903. In it Dubnow describes traditional Jewish life in Eastern Europe and the dawn of modernity.

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Book SynopsisWe live in a historical end-time which is erasing the legacy of the nineteenth century in all areas of social and individual life. Our epoch at the turn of two centuries has come to an end and there are many indications that the twentieth century will not be a continuation but the reversal of the nineteenth. ... So I want my memories to be understood as materials for the history of my time, a story of the intellectual struggles at the beginning of this era and the political struggles at its end. "Simon Dubnow 1934Simon Dubnow's book of life comprises three parts, which in three Volumes are published. Volume 2 is dedicated to Dubnow's academic and political work in the years 1903 to 1922 in Vilnius and Petersburg and gives an insight into the history of the political movements between the revolution of 1905 and the civil war.

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Book SynopsisSimon Dubnow (18601941) ist der bedeutendste jüdische Historiker seiner Zeit. Seine Memoiren erscheinen jetzt erstmals vollständig übersetzt und bringen Persönlichkeit und Werk des großen Gelehrten in den deutschen Sprachraum zurück.Im dritten und abschließenden Band der "Erinnerungen" lässt Simon Dubnow seine Zeit im Berlin der Weimarer Republik Revue passieren. Wie viele andere war er vor Unterdrückung und drohender Verfolgung im bolschewistischen Russland geflohen. In seinen "Erinnerungen" zeichnet Dubnow ein lebendiges Bild des russisch-jüdischen Emigrantenmilieus in Berlin und schildert aus jüdischer Perspektive sowohl den Glanz der Goldenen Zwanziger als auch die schwierigen Anfänge sowie den Niedergang der ersten deutschen Demokratie. Als Schlägertrupps der SA die Straßen Berlins eroberten und seine Hoffnung auf ein vereintes, friedliches Europa zerstörten, musste Dubnow fliehen. So enden seine "Erinnerungen" 1933, im Schlüsseljahr der Geschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts.Ergänzt wird der dritte Band durch die Erinnerungen Victor Erlichs, des Enkels Simon Dubnows, der längere Zeit bei seinen Großeltern in Berlin lebte.

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Book SynopsisSimon Dubnow (18601941) is one of the most important historians in Jewish history. His famous world history of the Jewish people has long been available in German translation, but not his memoirs, of which only a greatly abridged version appeared in 1937. This first complete German-language publication of his memoirs brings the personality and work of the great Russian-Jewish historian back to the German-speaking world. Here, in Berlin, Dubnow lived between 1922 and 1933; It was here that he completed his memories. In the first volume, Dubnow describes his persistently pursued educational path from the cheder to the schools of the Enlightenment. Coming from a respected family of timber merchants, he worked as a young journalist in the milieu of the Russian-Jewish Petersburg intelligentsia around the magazine "Voschod". The anti-Jewish policy of Alexander III. destroyed any hope of cultural integration. Dubnow finally went to Odessa, where he developed the foundations of his ideas on Jewish history and, as a "missionary of history," became the initiator and mentor of the Russian-Jewish history movement. The following volumes describe the 20th century from the perspective of a contemporary witness, its historical View from Eastern Europe reflects the intellectual and social upheavals in the centers of world affairs St. Petersburg (19061922) and Berlin (19221933). In 1941 in Riga, Simon Dubnow was the victim of the National Socialist annihilation of European Jewry, which was his life's work would have.

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Book SynopsisText in German. Dimitry Shumsky's study addresses the question of how the cultural-political background of the Jewish milieu in Prague, squarely aligned between its German and Czech roots, became the vital spark for Zionism during the Habsburg Monarchy. Such personalities as the philosopher Hugo Bergmann, the historian Hans Kohn and the publicist Robert Weltsch actively participated in the public debates at the time. They turned their experiences in a supernational monarchic world full of conflict into the basis for realising the project of a federal Jewish-Arab commonwealth in Palestine.

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Book SynopsisA wide range of Yiddish newspapers and magazines appeared in Poland during the Second Republic. There was also a Jewish press in Polish, which was concentrated in the urban centers of Warsaw, Krakow and Lemberg. It was widespread within a secularized, Jewish-bourgeois class and among representatives of the intelligentsia, who were Polonized, but felt obliged to nationally Zionist ideas Polonität , in which the rejection of assimilation was combined with national loyalty, civic equality with cultural difference. In this draft, Jewish traditions in Poland were interwoven with national traditions of Poland and interpreted as a common struggle for freedom and democracy. This open nation concept could be understood as a communicative bridge between Jewish and non-Jewish Poles at a time when Jews were confronted with strong tendencies towards exclusion from Polish society. In this respect, the Jewish-Polish press with its draft of a "Jewish polonity" proves to be a mediator on the border between Polish and Jewish culture.

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Book SynopsisIn his "World History of the Jewish People", which appeared in German for the first time between 1925 and 1929, the Russian-Jewish historian Simon Dubnow presented the narrative of a shared Jewish past. In contrast to previous representations, he no longer tried to justify this religiously, but secularly. The focus was not on a modern nation-state, but on a diasporic way of life, not a limited community, but a transterritorial minority. With Dubnow's diaspora nationalism, Anke Hilbrenner presents a previously little-known alternative to conventional national histories. It reconstructs and interprets both the conceptual side of Dubnow's historiography as well as its concrete historical context.

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Book SynopsisThe topos of the Stetl are often linked to ideas of home, ghetto or even backwardness. In contrast, his portrayal in the Russian-language Jewish literature of the late Soviet period is shaped less by nostalgic reconsideration and more by Soviet-Jewish interculturalization. Olaf Terpitz combines a historical contextualization of the tetl discourse in the Soviet era with a literary approach to interpretation. His analysis uses four prose texts to illustrate the search of the Soviet Jews for a "useful past" (David G. Roskies). It was differentiated from the Soviet postulate of equality and dealt with its own Russian cultural tradition and reflected its self-image in literary terms.

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Book SynopsisThe study examines the life and work of the Polish-Jewish historians Mojżesz Schorr and Majer Balaban, who both were active primarily in Lvov and Warsaw during the Second Polish Republic. Against the backdrop of a then pluralistic environment of multinational and multiethnic empires caught up in change and reeling towards ultimate collapse, they developed a perspective on Jewish history combining the long tradition of Jewry in Poland with Polish general history. Both historians shared the conviction that a Jewish consciousness of history could increasingly supplant religion in a world that was in the process of secularization.For the first time, Maria Gotzen-Dold connects a broad assessment of the works by Schorr and Balaban, and subsequent studies by their pupils following in their footsteps, with findings from extensive archival research conducted in Poland and Ukraine. In doing so, she draws a picture of the expectations and perspectives arising from the decline and eventual fall of the old imperial order and its transition to cultures of history grounded in the nation state at the beginning of the twentieth century.

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Book SynopsisText in German. Do sociable associations for music, sport and gardening contribute to social integration in the 19th and 20th centuries? The study asks itself this question and compares the development of German and British clubs over two centuries. It shows that clubs in both countries had a socially integrative effect, but also served to carry out social exclusions, highlight differences in status and consolidate dependencies. In Great Britain, the popular commercial culture inspired the formation of associations, associations were given material support by economic companies such as press publishers or breweries. In Germany, on the other hand, the state exercised the formative influence by first controlling leisure clubs and then promoting them for "non-profit" purposes.

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Book SynopsisHow did you make a state with this state? In addition to the German politicians of the Bonn Republic, this study shows a large number of actors: from the "high" state guests to the "simple" citizens on the street. After the end of the Second World War, state visits enjoyed an international boom and from the outset the West Germans recognized the acting potential that lay in these events. They were able to organize the trips of the foreign heads of state in such a way that the facets of the Federal Republic were expressed in a differentiated manner or even designed in the first place. This study illuminates the image repertoire of West German self-portrayal from a cultural-historical perspective and shows the range between the planned staging and the incalculable dynamics of the implementation. A look at the exclusive societies of the ballrooms and the spectators at the roadside grants deep insights into the structural change in the relationship between state and society in the age of the mass media. The study shows how the visual mass media developed into a dispositive for the perception of state and politics.

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Book SynopsisNiels Petersson, historian at Sheffield Hallam University, uses the example of the German Reich to examine which mechanisms, actors and problems played a role in the globalization of economic and business law norms and which possibilities existed for the institutionalization of international economic relations. The period under study, from around 1890 to the beginning of the Great Depression, encompasses the rise and fall of a great wave of economic globalization, in the course of which increasingly more closely integrated world markets for numerous goods and capital emerged.

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Book SynopsisUsing England as an example, the book reconstructs the centuries-long process of commercialization that gave birth to modern market society. It is shown under what circumstances, since the late Middle Ages, certain types of markets - for land, capital and labor, but also e.g. B. for rights of use - and how the social relationships mediated through markets were shaped in the course of the early modern period. In this context, the book examines the emergence of regulatory and control bodies of the market, such as the stock exchange, the Bank of England and Lloyds insurance. Communication between the actors and how they deal with the uncertainty and risks of the market are also dealt with. The result of the study shows that the process of commercialization of the economy, society and culture in England did not lead directly to industrial society, as research had previously assumed, but to the service society.

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Book SynopsisThe biography of Commune I founder Dieter Kunzelmann combines the experiences of a youth in the Franconian province with the history of the subversive avant-garde around 1960, the so-called "cultural revolution" of the sixties and the increasing radicalization and militancy of the incipient German terrorism since 1969. In In every phase of this development, Kunzelmann played a central role in the activities of the mostly very small but influential groups that set creative, anarchic and ultimately violent accents in the oppositional upheavals of the old Federal Republic. His further path through the orthodox K-group scene of the seventies to the Berlin AL and the West Berlin House of Representatives complete a biography that was never representative of the protest movement or was typical of the generation, but with numerous symptomatic insights into the history of the Subversion made possible after 1945.

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Book SynopsisThe first part of the volume contains four essays on the development of German economic and corporate historiography in the 20th century and how they were influenced by foreign scientific currents. The second part deals with the changes that the German industrial system went through during the two world wars, while at the same time it came under increasing pressure to adapt from the hegemonic power of America and its economic culture. The third part shifts the analysis more towards the social developments in Europe in the 20th century and asks about the role that the American social sciences and the major American foundations played in this.

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Book SynopsisThe widespread use of digital media today and its possibilities for distribution and reproduction are moving intellectual property rights into the center of public attention and making them a permanent issue - nationally, across Europe and internationally. But how has the global expansion of intellectual property rights developed since the late 19th century? In this study, Isabella Löhr shows how closely the worldwide introduction of copyrights was linked to two other historical processes: The globalization of society, culture and economy since the middle of the 19th century led to the establishment and expansion of international organizations that were first of all on property rights organizational place in international politics.

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Book SynopsisText in German. The "war neurosis" became one of the metaphors of the First World War. A fundamental debate broke out in the Weimar Republic about the compensation for mental disorders. Stephanie Neuner focuses on this conflict-ridden discourse in which political interests, medical interpretation patterns, legal models of thought and personal perceptions collide. She describes the disputes about the recognition of war-related mental disorders as illness and the resulting pension entitlement. The subjective experiences and personal résumés of those affected show how long the mental health impaired the everyday life and personal self-image of the war victims.

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Book SynopsisThis volume contains documents of the GDR Ministry for State Security from the year 1977. The secret accounts for the SED provide an excellent insight into the internal situation of East Germany during that year.

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Book SynopsisThis book informs about culture and the ways of thinking in Europe in the late Middle Ages. The concept of culture follows the intention of Pragmatic Philosophy (from W. James to R. Rorty). Special areas of study are: social dynamics, forms of government, religious teachings, moral intentions, philosophical doctrines, exchange with Jews and the Islamic culture, consecution of the "heretics", development of natural science, literature, poetry, architecture and painting.Altogether the book intends to show the various forms of life and the worlds of ideas of the era; it builds a strong bridge for a better understanding of our cultural memory in modern times.

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Book SynopsisText in German. The book explores the question of when the process of the official introduction of the Reformation and the formation of Protestant denominations began in the imperial city of Speyer and how and via which paths and forms it took place. The study period covers the years 1538 to 1580. On the basis of an intensive evaluation of the available archival and printed sources, the study - correcting previous research - comes to completely new results. With the addition of an edition of the archival sources, the book sets standards in the field of research into the introduction of the Reformation.

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Book SynopsisFeature film has done more than any other medium to shape the image of Martin Luther held by the common public in the 20th century. Luther films have always - apart from the very earliest - been ambitious undertakings, staffed by personnel that includes leading representatives of theology and expert consultants in ecclesiastical history. Nonetheless the Luther film has been largely bypassed by traditional Luther scholarship. The status of the historic figure as a national myth in Germany and a Church founder in America required a cinematic concept that was closely linked with theological issues as well as the self-image of the Lutheran Church. The present study is chiefly concerned with working out the interests brought to bear on each film project by their initiators and the impact each has made on the image of Luther in film in its historical context.In no other medium can the history of the change in the Lutheran mindset during the past century be as clearly read as in film. This mass medium does show how scholarship, whether in respect to psychology or the interpretation of the Reformation as a media reformation, was popularized. Moreover, the film fairly consistently sticks to the positive image of the hero. Whereas the view of Luther in German films increasingly emphasized the nationalist element until 1927, since 1953 the Anglo-American tradition has placed the emphasis on the element of liberation from conventional thinking, and from the authorities of the Middle Ages as well as on new beginnings. That was the image that became the basis for all later filmic representation. Therefore it is legitimate to speak of an Americanization of Luther in film. Some main aspects of Luther's image can be seen in both the European and the American traditions. Moreover, viewer response to the Luther film has shown itself to be an indicator of the degree of secularisation in a society. It also shows whether and if so, how strongly, links to a particular religious affiliation are perceived at a given time.

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Book SynopsisDer 31. Oktober 1517 galt schon bald nach dem Tod Martin Luthers als die Geburtsstunde der Reformation. Aus diesem Wissen entwickelte sich im späten 16. Jahrhundert die Tradition des Reformationsgedächtnisses. Der 200. Jahrestag des Thesenanschlags wurde im gesamten europäischen Luthertum aufwendig gefeiert.Harm Cordes untersucht die geschichtlichen HintergrÃ"nde der Gedächtnisfeier von 1717 im lutherischen Deutschland und beschreibt am Beispiel der lutherischen Universitäten Verlauf und Gestaltung der Feierlichkeiten. Er erörtert theologische und historische Motive, die im Rahmen der akademischen Jubelfeiern besondere Bedeutung gewannen, und zeichnet ein differenziertes Bild vom Selbstverständnis des Luthertums im frÃ"hen 18. Jahrhundert.

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Book SynopsisWalter Hilton (ca. 1343-1395) ist in England seit Jahrhunderten ein vielgelesener geistlicher Autor. Mit der Studie liegt erstmals eine deutschsprachige Monographie vor, die die Lëcken der ëberwiegend aus der Anglistik des angelsächsischen Sprachraums stammenden Hilton-Forschung aus theologischer Perspektive fëllt. Dazu wird nach einem ausfëhrlichen Forschungsëberblick Hiltons Leben und Werk umfassend vorgestellt und in den historischen Kontext eingeordnet. Der Hauptteil der Arbeit bietet eine Untersuchung der Theologie Hiltons. Die Studie wählt einen primär traditionsgeschichtlichen Ansatz, der ergänzt wird um mentalitäts-, kultur- und sozialgeschichtliche Perspektiven. Anhand einer Untersuchung des fër Hilton zentralen Begriffs der "Liebe (Gottesliebe, Nächstenliebe, Selbstliebe)" und der bei ihm damit eng verflochtenen Vorstellung von der Gottebenbildlichkeit/-ähnlichkeit des Menschen wird gezeigt, dass Hilton in der augustinisch-zisterziensischen Traditionslinie (Bernhard von Clairvaux, Wilhelm von St. Thierry, Richard von St. Viktor) steht. Hiltons Eigenart profiliert ein Vergleich mit den anderen Vertretern der mittelalterlichen Mystik in England (Richard Rolle, Verfasser der Wolke des Nichtwissens, Juliana von Norwich, Margery Kempe). Hilton ist bedeutend als Übersetzer und Vermittler. Er gibt komplexe theologische Gedankenfiguren in der Volkssprache an Laien weiter und propagiert die im Mittelalter Geistlichen mit weltlicher Verantwortung vorbehaltene vita mixta als Lebensform fër Nicht-Kleriker. Anders als seinem Zeitgenossen Wyclif geht es Hilton als Kritiker und Reformer weniger um kirchliche Strukturen, sein Augenmerk liegt auf dem einzelnen Gläubigen.

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Book SynopsisAndreas WaschbÃ"sch untersucht anhand pseudonymer Flugschriften Matthias Flacius Illyricus' die Kommunikationschancen, die sich einem protestantischen Gelehrten in der Dilemmasituation von 1548/1549 nach der Eroberung Wittenbergs durch kaiserliche Truppen boten: Wie konnte dem militärisch gestÃ"tzten BemÃ"hen des Kaisers begegnet werden, eine rekatholisierende Reichsreligionsordnung auch im "Mutterland der Reformation" durchzusetzen? Wie war es möglich, fÃ"hrende Vertreter des protestantischen Lagers, die im Verdacht standen, nicht genug zur Abwehr beizutragen, zu mobilisieren und doch nicht gleichzeitig zu diskreditieren? Bei seiner Analyse stöÃt der Autor auf unerwartete Traditionselemente, geteilte Interessen und Sprachstile, die er in das Lehrer-SchÃ"ler-Verhältnis zwischen Melanchthon und Flacius einzeichnet.

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Book SynopsisDeutschland 2017: Ein Land befallen vom Luther-Fieber. 500 Jahre Reformation sind allerdings keinesfalls nur ein Ruhmesblatt in der deutschen Geschichte. Sie haben auch eine blutige Spur in ganz Europa hinterlassen. Was blieb im 21. Jahrhundert von der Reformationsbewegung und deren Idealen übrig? Sollte man die von Luther & Co. auf den Weg gebrachte Kirchenreform, die im Grunde gar keine war, nur mit Lobeshymnen überschütten? Oder im Gegenteil: Sollte man ihr - aus zeitlicher Distanz - auch mit Skepsis begegnen?

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Book SynopsisDer Band beschäftigt sich mit Leben und Werk von Heinrich Graetz (1817-1891), dem bedeutendsten jëdischen Historiker des 19. Jahrhunderts. Die spezielle Blickrichtung des Autors ist geprägt von der Überlegung, dass Identität nichts Selbstverständliches ist, sondern erworben und beständig neu formuliert werden muss und dazu dient, Sinnstiftung zu leisten. So untersucht Marcus Pyka die Bedeutung der jëdischen Identität fër Graetz. Auf der Grundlage zahlreicher Quellen und unter Berëcksichtigung des zeitlichen Kontextes beleuchtet Pyka eine Definition jëdischer Identität in der Moderne, die bis weit ins 20. Jahrhundert hinein äußerst einflussreich geblieben ist.

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Book SynopsisVordenker der Moderne wie Thomas Hobbes, Baruch de Spinoza, James Harrington, Christian Thomasius und viele mehr griffen in ihren politischen Lehren oft auf das Modell des alten jüdischen Gemeinwesens zurück. Entscheidend beeinflusste sie dabei ein Schrifttum (politia-judaica-Literatur), das in der zweiten Hälfte des 16. Jahrhunderts entstand und Moses Gesetze als politisches Vorbild darstellte. Markus M. Totzeck legt die erste vollständige Untersuchung zur Entstehung dieser Literatur vor. Die antiken außerbiblischen Mose-Traditionen bilden den Hintergrund seiner Arbeit. Diese Traditionen waren in der Frühen Neuzeit zum ersten Mal als Druckausgaben erschienen und hatten sich im Renaissance-Humanismus mit Konzeptionen einer uralten Theologie und Weisheit (prisca theologia bzw. prisca sapientia) des Mose verbunden. Totzeck stellt heraus, wie Debatten über die politische Relevanz der mosaischen Gesetze später in der Reformation zur Entstehung der politia-judaica-Literatur beitrugen. Die ersten Werke stammten aus der Feder humanistischer Gelehrter, die in erster Linie ausgebildete Juristen und Historiographen waren, zugleich aber auch einen mehrheitlich calvinistischen Hintergrund hatten. Die Nähe zwischen humanistischer Jurisprudenz und dem Calvinismus prägte die politia-judaica-Literatur in einer ersten Phase bis zu Petrus Cunaeus Werk De republica Hebraeorum libri III (1617). Die Verbreitung dieses Buchklassikers des 17. Jahrhunderts führte den ursprünglichen Rechtsdiskurs in umfangreichere politische Diskussionen.

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Book SynopsisDie in diesem Band versammelten Beiträge nehmen den in Labin (Kroatien) geborenen Matthias Flacius Illyricus unter vier Schwerpunkten in den Blick. Der erste widmet sich Flacius als Wanderer zwischen den Welten, der sich in verschiedenen städtischen und territorialen, politischen und konfessionellen Zusammenhängen zu behaupten hatte. Im Zentrum steht die Frage danach, welchen Einfluss die jeweiligen kulturellen und sozialen Kontexte auf seine geistige und theologische Entwicklung ausübten, welche Exilserfahrung er machte und wie sich dies auf seine Einstellung zu Heimat und Heimatlosigkeit auswirkte. Der zweite Schwerpunkt beleuchtet Flacius als Kämpfer für die Wahrheit. Die Beiträge versuchen sein Ringen um die theologische Wahrheit als Strukturelement seines Denkens herauszuarbeiten. Dies konnte durchaus konfessionell übergreifende Relevanz erhalten, wie sie sich zum Beispiel in Flacius großen historischen und hermeneutischen Werken zeigt. Dabei wird deutlich, dass man Flacius nicht auf den Streittheologen und stets polarisierenden Gelehrten des strengen Luthertums reduzieren kann. Vielmehr rückt in den Vordergrund, wie Flacius Eintreten für die Wahrheit zugleich ein leitendes Element für sein Geschichtsverständnis und die Art seiner Geschichtsschreibung wurde, für das Konzept der Zeugenschaft und für eine spezifische Hermeneutik. Der dritte Schwerpunkt widmet sich Flacius in seinen Netzwerken. Hier werden bisher kaum beachtete Korrespondenzen mit anderen Gelehrten betrachtet. Es geht um die Kontakte des Flacius in die Schweiz und nach Italien, sowie um die Gelehrtenkorrespondenzen nach Polen und Ostpreußen als Beispiele aus einem viel breiteren europäischen Korrespondenznetzwerk. Der vierte Zugang hat die Rezeption und von Flacius ausgehende gruppenbildende Wirkungen zum Gegenstand. Dabei rückt Österreich als Ort von Asyl und Exil in den Blick, an den sich die Flacianer, das heißt die Anhänger und engagierten Verfechter des Erbsündenverständnisses des Flacius, nach zahlreichen Ausweisungen aus dem Reich zurückzogen. Aber auch das Erbe der Flacianer in anderen europäischen Räumen mit Schwerpunkt Slowenien und Kroatien ist zu beachten. Ob es zu der Ausprägung eines Flacianismus im Sinne einer Konfession mit Bekenntnischarakter und konfessionsspezifischen Elementen kam, wird ebenso diskutiert wie die Flacius-Biographik des 19. Jahrhunderts.

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Book SynopsisAus der Synthese von Cartesianismus und reformierter Orthodoxie entstand in der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts eine theologische Bewegung, die vor allem in den Niederlanden die Frage nach der Verhältnisbestimmung von Vernunft und Offenbarung neu stellen ließ. Als deren Apologet machte Christoph Wittich sich einen Namen. Im Zentrum ihrer Kritik stand die von Descartes neu zur Sprache gebrachte These von der Bewegung der Erde um die Sonne. Die ursprünglich von ihren Gegnern sogenannten cartesianischen Theologen um Wittich stellten sich selbst zwei Anforderungen: einerseits biblische Theologie orthodoxen Bekenntnisses zu betreiben, andererseits den neuen wissenschaftlichen Standards, die sich für sie in Wahrheitsbegriff und Naturphilosophie von Descartes bündelten, gerecht zu werden. Wittich entwickelte auf der Grundlage seiner Prolegomena eine Akkommodationstheorie, mit deren Hilfe Themen wie der Heliozentrismus widerspruchsfrei mit biblischen Aussagen vertreten werden konnten.

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Book SynopsisFrom his death in 1761 through the American Civil War, Samuel Davies was a recognized name among American Presbyterians, yet for more than a century he has remained far more obscure in discussions of American religion. During the mid-Eighteenth Century, New Side Presbyterian evangelist and preacher Samuel Davies was a pioneer for religious toleration in Colonial America, yet to date no single work has examined Davies' vision for the interior life. Theology and Spirituality in the Works of Samuel Davies is the first monograph-length analysis of Davies' conception of Christian spirituality. After a decade of pastoral ministry to congregations in Virginia, Davies followed eminent American theologian Jonathan Edwards as the fourth President of the College of New Jersey (Princeton University), a tenure cut short by his early death at age thirty-seven. J.C. Harrod examines various aspects of Davies' own personal piety as well as the place that Scripture, conversion, holiness, and the means of grace played in his formulation of Christian piety.

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Book SynopsisIt was not just the corona crisis that showed that scientific expertise is playing a growing role in political decision-making processes. Already in the debate about the climate crisis, the euro crisis, the economic crises of the noughties, academics have become important and at the same time controversial advisers to politics, key sources of movements such as Fridays for Future or declarators and reminders in times of the rampant coronavirus. For democratic reasons, this is not unproblematic insofar as non-political experts are not legitimized by elections and have an exclusive status that contradicts democratic equality. Reason enough to ask about the relationship between expertise and democracy, about economic cycles, persistence and intrinsic logics of this difficult and perhaps necessary interrelationship between the so different and yet interrelated spheres of expertise, politics and democracy.

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Book SynopsisDie Studie zur Entwicklung und Herstellung schwarzer und farbiger Tuschen und Tinten basiert auf der Auswertung kodikologischer, alchimistischer, technischer und allgemeiner arabischer Quellenschriften. Die Erkenntnisse aus Experimenten mit den dokumentierten Rezepten natÃ"rlicher Rohstoffe unter den Gegebenheiten des mediterranen Klimas und Laborbedingungen sind dargestellt.

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