Geophysics Books

Book SynopsisTrade Review"Syukuro Manabe, Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics""Useful for those wishing to understand global warming’s future impact."---Andrew Robinson, Nature"[Highly] engaging and well written."---S.C. Pryor, Choice"Useful and enlightening . . . . The knowledge derived from the model output is clear, detailed, and relevant to a better understanding of the climate system. The purpose of the book is to lead the reader down the path that Manabe and Broccoli have followed in their careers, showcasing the methods and motivation used in each study, and explaining and contextualising their findings. In each of these goals it succeeds admirably."---Eimear Dunne, Holocene

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"[A] deft primer, brim with surprises when viewed through a physics lens."--Barbara Kiser, Nature "[Fleming] engenders a new appreciation for the waterways around us."--Library Journal "Fleming's decades of experience shine through in this book. Abstract physics concepts feel more relevant when applied to concrete phenomena that readers can visualize."--Laurel Hamers, Science NewsTable of ContentsAcknowledgments ix 1 Introduction 1 2 Why Rivers Are Where They Are 11 3 How Do Rivers Remember? 37 4 Clouds Talking to Fish: The Information Content of Rain 61 5 Searching for Buried Treasure 89 6 The Digital Rainbow 109 7 Landslides, Fractals, and Artificial Life 132 8 The Sky's Not the Limit 149 9 The Hydrologist's Final Exam: Watershed Modeling 168 10 Epilogue 183 Some References and Suggestions for Further Reading 189 Index 199

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Book SynopsisRivers are essential to every aspect of civilization, yet how many understand how they work? Fleming takes readers on a journey along our planet's waterways, providing a scientist's reflections on the profound interrelationships that rivers have with landscapes, ecosystems, and societies.Trade Review“[Fleming] engenders a new appreciation for the waterways around us.”—Library Journal“[A] deft primer.”—Barbara Kiser, Nature“Fleming’s decades of experience shine through in this book. Abstract physics concepts feel more relevant when applied to concrete phenomena that readers can visualize.”—Laurel Hamers, Science News“Where the River Flows offers a paradigm shift in understanding the rivers.”—Current Science“Fleming’s style is colloquial and engages the reader quickly. . . . This small volume is a good buy for anyone with an enquiring mind about rivers or indeed about natural science in general.”—Colin Levings, Ormsby Review“Extremely interesting and informative. Fleming makes difficult scientific concepts accessible to the layperson, and takes a very broad range of topics and shows how they are interconnected in so many ways.”—Karen C. Rice, University of Virginia“Where the River Flows is distinctive and engaging. Fleming is skilled at explaining relatively complex ideas in simple and accessible language.”—Ellen Wohl, Colorado State University

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Book SynopsisPublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Resources Monograph Series, Volume 15. Here is your state-of-the-art guidebook through soil infiltration theory in response to hydrologic problems. By focusing on the theoretical basis of physically based infiltration functions and their application, Infiltration Theory for Hydrologic Applications presents an in-depth review of current issues and concerns. For scientists wishing concise and robust equations that can be applied in models for a variety of objectives.Table of ContentsPreface vii 1. Introduction 1 Brief History 1 Runoff Mechanisms 3 Engineering and Scientific Approaches to Hydrology 4 Objective and Scope of this Work 5 2. Basic Porous Media Hydraulics 7 Capillary Properties of Soil Water 7 Porous Media 9 Darcy's Law 12 Hydraulic Characteristics of Porous Media 13 Steady Flow Soil Water Relations 14 Functional Representation of Hydraulic Characteristics 18 3. Some Essentials of One-Dimensional Porous Media Dynamics 25 Introduction 25 Absorption: Gravity-Free Intake 27 Infiltration: Vertical Flow 31 Mathematical Approximations for Soil Water Flow 34 Approximations for Soil Hydraulic Characteristics 36 4. A Realistic Integrable Nonlinear Model for Transient Unsaturated Flow 41 Introduction 41 Integrable Forms of Richards' Equation' 43 Solution of Nonlinear Diffusion Equation 46 Required Forms for Soil Characteristics 49 Solution of the Integrable Form 55 Discussion and Summary 60 5. Absorption and Infiltration Relations and the Infiltrability-Depth Approximation 63 Introduction 63 Absorption 65 Infiltration 73 Stability of Flux-ConcentrationR elation 85 6. Infiltrability Models: Comparisons and Application 97 Introduction 97 Timing of Pending 98 Time Explicit Approximations 108 Applying the Infiltrability Models to Variable Rainfall Patterns 114 7. Applying Infiltration Models in Layered Soils and Redistribution Cases 119 Introduction 119 Redistribution and Reinfiltration 119 Layered Soils 122 8. Field Measurements of Infiltration Parameters 135 Introduction 135 Drip Infiltrometers 136 Ring Infiltrometers 138 Permeameters 141 9. Infiltration and Runoff on a Hillslope 159 Introduction 159 General Surface Flow and Infiltration Interaction 160 Effect of Surface Relief on Surface Water Losses 162 Infiltration Heterogeneity and Runoff 164 Appendices 185 I. Derivation of the Infiltration Integral from Richards' Equation 185 II. Attenuation of Characteristic Kinematic Shock in Soil Water Flow 187 III. Finite Difference Solution Method for Richards' Equation 190 List of Symbols and Abbreviations 199 References 203 Index 211

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Book SynopsisPublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 201.Table of ContentsPreface Joseph D. Huba, Robert W. Schunk, and George V. Khanzanov vii Introduction Joseph D. Huba, Robert W. Schunk, and George V. Khanzanov 1 Section I: Physical Processes Ionosphere-Thermosphere Physics: Current Status and Problems R. W. Schunk 3 Physical Characteristics and Modeling of Earth's Thermosphere Tim Fuller-Rowell 13 Solar Cycle Changes in the Photochemistry of the Ionosphere and Thermosphere P. G. Richards 29 Energetics and Composition in the Thermosphere A. G. Burns, W. Wang, S. C. Solomon, and L. Qian 39 Section II: Numerical Methods Numerical Methods in Modeling the Ionosphere J. D. Huba and G. Joyce 49 Ionospheric Electrodynamics Modeling A. D. Richmond and A. Maute 57 Section III: IT Models The NCAR TIE-GCM: A Community Model of the Coupled Thermosphere/Ionosphere System Liying Qian, Alan G. Burns, Barbara A. Emery, Benjamin Foster, Gang Lu, Astrid Maute, Arthur D. Richmond, Raymond G. Roble, Stanley C. Solomon, and Wenbin Wang 73 The Global Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model and the Nonhydrostatics Processes Yue Deng and Aaron J. Ridley 85 Traveling Atmospheric Disturbance and Gravity Wave Coupling in the Thermosphere L. C. Gardner and R. W. Schunk 101 Air Force Low-Latitude Ionospheric Model in Support of the C/NOFS Mission Yi-Jiun Su, John M. Retterer, Ronald G. Caton, Russell A. Stoneback, Robert F. Pfaff, Patrick A. Roddy, and Keith M. Groves 107 Long-Term Simulations of the Ionosphere Using SAMI3 S. E. Mcdonald, J. L. Lean, J. D. Huba, G. Joyce, J. T. Emmert, and D. P. Drob 119 Section IV: Validation of IT Models Comparative Studies of Theoretical Models in the Equatorial Ionosphere Tzu-Wei Fang, David Anderson, Tim Fuller-Rowell, Rashid Akmaev, Mihail Codrescu, George Millward, Jan Sojka, Ludger Scherliess, Vince Eccles, John Retterer, Joe Huba, Glenn Joyce, Art Richmond, Astrid Maute, Geoff Crowley, Aaron Ridley, and Geeta Vichare 133 Systematic Evaluation of Ionosphere/Thermosphere (IT) Models: CEDAR Electrodynamics Thermosphere Ionosphere (ETI) Challenge (2009–2010) J. S. Shim, M. Kuznetsova, L. Rastätter, D. Bilitza, M. Butala, M. Codrescu, B. A. Emery, B. Foster, T. J. Fuller-Rowell, J. Huba, A. J. Mannucci, X. Pi, A. Ridley, L. Scherliess, R. W. Schunk, J. J. Sojka, P. Stephens, D. C. Thompson, D. Weimer, L. Zhu, D. Anderson, J. L. Chau, and E. Sutton 145 Section V: IT Coupling: Above and Below Aspect of Coupling Processes in the Ionosphere and Thermosphere R. A. Heelis 161 Use of NOGAPS-ALPHA as a Bottom Boundary for the NCAR/TIEGCM David E. Siskind and Douglas P. Drob 171 WACCM-X Simulation of Tidal and Planetary Wave Variability in the Upper Atmosphere H.-L. Liu 181 Inductive-Dynamic Coupling of the Ionosphere With the Thermosphere and the Magnetosphere P. Song and V. M. Vasyliunas 201 Section VI: Equatorial Ionospheric Processes Ionospheric Irregularities: Frontiers D. L. Hysell, H. C. Aveiro, and J. L. Chau 217 Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations of Equatorial Spread F: Results and Diagnostics in the Peruvian Sector H. C. Aveiro and D. L. Hysell 241 Density and Temperature Structure of Equatorial Spread F Plumes J. Krall and J. D. Huba 251 Low-Latitude Ionosphere and Thermosphere: Decadal Observations From the CHAMP Mission Claudia Stolle and Huixin Liu 259 Section VII: Data Assimilation Upper Atmosphere Data Assimilation With an Ensemble Kalman Filter Tomoko Matsuo 273 Scientific Investigation Using IDA4D and EMPIRE G. S. Bust and S. Datta-Barua 283 Section VIII: Applications Customers and Requirements for Ionosphere Products and Services Rodney Viereck, Joseph Kunches, Mihail Codrescu, and Robert Steenburgh 299 Model-Based Inversion of Auroral Processes Joshua Semeter and Matthew Zettergren 309 AGU Category Index 323 Index 325

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Book SynopsisModeling Atmospheric and Oceanic Flows: Insights from Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Simulations provides a broad overview of recent progress in using laboratory experiments and numerical simulations to model atmospheric and oceanic fluid motions. This volume not only surveys novel research topics in laboratory experimentation, but also highlights recent developments in the corresponding computational simulations. As computing power grows exponentially and better numerical codes are developed, the interplay between numerical simulations and laboratory experiments is gaining paramount importance within the scientific community. The lessons learnt from the laboratorymodel comparisons in this volume will act as a source of inspiration for the next generation of experiments and simulations. Volume highlights include: Topics pertaining to atmospheric science, climate physics, physical oceanography, marine geology and geophysics Overview of the most advaTable of ContentsContributors vii Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction: Simulations of Natural Flows in the Laboratory and on a Computer 1 Paul F Linden Section I: Baroclinic-Driven Flows 1 General Circulation of Planetary Atmospheres: Insights from Rotating Annulus and Related Experiments 9 Peter L Read, Edgar P Pérez, Irene M Moroz, and Roland M B Young 2 Primary Flow Transitions in the Baroclinic Annulus: Prandtl Number Effects 45 Gregory M Lewis, Nicolas Périnet, and Lennaert van Veen 3 Amplitude Vacillation in Baroclinic Flows 61 Wolf-Gerrit Früh Section II: Balanced and Unbalanced Flows 4 Rotation Effects on Wall-Bounded Flows: Some Laboratory Experiments 85 P Henrik Alfredsson and Rebecca J Lingwood 5 Altimetry in a GFD Laboratory and Flows on the Polar β-Plane 101 Yakov D Afanasyev 6 Instabilities of Shallow-Water Flows with Vertical Shear in the Rotating Annulus 119 Jonathan Gula and Vladimir Zeitlin 7 Laboratory Experiments on Flows Over Bottom Topography 139 Luis Zavala Sansón and Gert-Jan van Heijst 8 Direct Numerical Simulations of Laboratory-Scale Stratified Turbulence 159 Michael LWaite Section III: Atmospheric Flows 9 Numerical Simulation (DNS, LES) of Geophysical Laboratory Experiments: Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) Analogue and Simulations Toward Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) Analogue 179 Nils PWedi 10 Internal Waves in Laboratory Experiments 193 Bruce Sutherland, Thierry Dauxois, and Thomas Peacock 11 Frontal Instabilities at Density–Shear Interfaces in Rotating Two-Layer Stratified Fluids 213 Hélène Scolan, Roberto Verzicco, and Jan-Bert Flór Section IV: Oceanic Flows 12 Large-Amplitude Coastal Shelf Waves 231 Andrew L Stewart, Paul J Dellar, and Edward R Johnson 13 Laboratory Experiments With Abrupt Thermohaline Transitions and Oscillations 255 John A Whitehead 14 Oceanic Island Wake Flows in the Laboratory 265 Alexandre Stegner Section V: Advances in Methodology 15 Lagrangian Methods in Experimental Fluid Mechanics 279 Mickael Bourgoin, Jean-François Pinton, and Romain Volk 16 A High-Resolution Method for Direct Numerical Simulation of Instabilities and Transitions in a Baroclinic Cavity 297 Anthony Randriamampianina and Emilia Crespo del Arco 17 Orthogonal Decomposition Methods to Analyze PIV, LDV, and Thermography Data of Thermally Driven Rotating Annulus Laboratory Experiments 315 Uwe Harlander, Thomas von Larcher, Grady BWright, Michael Hoff, Kiril Alexandrov, and Christoph Egbers Index 337

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Book SynopsisGeological Carbon Storage Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity Seals and caprocks are an essential component of subsurface hydrogeological systems, guiding the movement and entrapment of hydrocarbon and other fluids.Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrityoffers a survey of the wealth of recent scientific work on caprock integrity with a focus on the geological controls of permanent and safe carbon dioxide storage, and the commercial deployment of geological carbon storage. Volume highlights include: Low-permeability rock characterization from the pore scale to the core scale Flow and transport properties of low-permeability rocks Fundamentals of fracture generation, self-healing, and permeability Coupled geochemical, transport and geomechanical processes in caprock Analysis of caprock behavior from natural analogues Geochemical and geophysical monitoring techniques of caTrade ReviewGeological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity, edited by Stéphanie Vialle, Jonathan Ajo-Franklin, and J. William Carey, ISBN 978-1-119-11864-0, 2018, American Geophysical Union and Wiley, 364 p., US$199.95 (print), US$159.99 (eBook). This volume is a part of the AGU/Wiley Geophysical Monograph Series. The editors assembled an international team of earth scientists who present a comprehensive approach to the major problem of placing unwanted and/or hazardous fluids beneath a cap rock seal to be impounded. The compact and informative preface depicts the nature of cap rocks and the problems that may occur over time or with a change in the formation of the cap rock. I have excerpted a quote from the preface that describes the scope of the volume in a concise and thorough matter. "Caprocks can be defined as a rock that prevents the flow of a given fluid at certain temperature, pressure, and chemical conditions.... A fundamental understanding of these units and of their evolution over time in the context of subsurface carbon storage is still lacking." This volume describes the scope of current research being conducted on a global scale, with 31 of the 83 authors working outside of the United States. The studies vary but can be generalized as monitoring techniques for cap rock integrity and the consequence of the loss of that integrity. The preface ends by calling out important problems that remain to be answered. These include imaging cap rocks in situ, detecting subsurface leaks before they reach the surface, and remotely examining the state of the cap rock to avert any problems. Chapter 3 describes how newer methods are used to classify shale. These advanced techniques reveal previously unknown microscopic properties that complicate classification. This is an example of the more we know, the more we don't know. A sedimentologic study of the formation of shale (by far the major sedimentary rock and an important rock type) is described in Chapter 4. The authors use diagrammatic examples to illustrate how cap rocks may fail through imperfect seal between the drill and wall rock, capillary action, or a structural defect (fault). Also, the shale pore structures vary in size, and this affects the reservoir. There are descriptions of the pore structure in the Eagle Ford and Marcellus shales and several others. Pore structures are analyzed using state-of-the-art ultra-small-angle X-ray or neutron scattering. They determine that the overall porosity decreases nonlinearly with time. There are examples of cap rock performance under an array of diagnostic laboratory analyses and geologic field examples (e.g., Marcellus Formation). The importance of the sequestration of CO2 and other contaminants highlights the significance of this volume. The previous and following chapters illuminate the life history of the lithologic reservoir seal. I would like to call out Chapter 14 in which the authors illustrate the various mechanisms by which a seal can fail and Chapter 15 in which the authors address the general problems of the effect of CO2 sequestration on the environment. They establish a field test, consisting of a trailer and large tank of fluids with numerous monitoring instruments to replicate the effect of a controlled release of CO2-saturated water into a shallow aquifer. This chapter's extensive list of references will be of interest to petroleum engineers, rock mechanics, and environmentalists. The authors of this volume present a broad view of the underground storage of CO2. Nuclear waste and hydrocarbons are also considered for underground storage. There are laboratory, field, and in situ studies covering nearly all aspects of this problem. I cannot remember a study in which so many different earth science resources were applied to a single problem. The span of subjects varies from traditional geochemical analysis with the standard and latest methods in infrared and X-ray techniques, chemical and petroleum engineering, sedimentary mineralogy, hydrology, and geomechanical studies. This volume is essential to anyone working in this field as it brings several disciplines together to produce a comprehensive study of carbon sequestration. While the volume is well illustrated, there is a lack of color figures. Each chapter should have at least two color figures, or there should be several pages of color figures bound in the center of the volume. Many of the figures would be more meaningful if they had been rendered in color. Also, the acronyms are defined in the individual chapters, but it would be helpful to have a list of acronyms after the extensive index. I recommend this monograph to all earth scientists but especially petroleum engineers, structural geologists, mineralogists, and environmental scientists. Since these chapters cover a broad range of studies, it would be best if the reader has a broad background.—Patrick Taylor, Davidsonville, Maryland Table of ContentsContributors vii Preface xi Part I: Caprock Characterization 1. Microstructural, Geomechanical, and Petrophysical Characterization of Shale Caprocks 3David N. Dewhurst, Claudio Delle Piane, Lionel Esteban, Joel Sarout, Matthew Josh,Marina Pervukhina, and M. Ben Clennell 2. Transport in Tight Rocks 31Marc Fleury and Etienne Brosse 3. Pore‐to‐Core Characterization of Shale Multiphysics 45Thomas Dewers, Jason Heath, Hongkyu Yoon, Mathew Ingraham, Joseph Grigg, Peter Mozley, Enrico Quintana, and Zuleima Karpyn 4. Analysis of the Pore Structures of Shale Using Neutron and X‐Ray Small Angle Scattering 71Lawrence M. Anovitz and David R. Cole Part II: Fracture Generation, Permeability, and Geochemical Reactions in Damaged Shale 5. Fracture Initiation, Propagation, and Permeability Evolution 121Russell L. Detwiler and Joseph P. Morris 6. Effect of Fracture Density on Effective Permeability of Matrix‐Fracture System in Shale Formations 137Li Chen, Jeffrey De’Haven Hyman, Zhou Lei, Ting Min, Qinjun Kang, Esteban Rougier, and Hari Viswanathan 7. Gas‐Water‐Mineral Reactivity in Caprocks: Measurements, Estimates, and Observations 147Julie K. Pearce and Grant K.W. Dawson 8. Fluid‐Rock Interactions in Clay‐Rich Seals: Impact on Transport and Mechanical Properties 167Elin Skurtveit, Rohaldin Miri, and Helge Hellevang 9. Coupled Processes in a Fractured Reactive System: A Dolomite Dissolution Study with Relevance to GCS Caprock Integrity 187Jonathan Ajo‐Franklin, Marco Voltolini, Sergi Molins, and Li Yang 10. Leakage Processes in Damaged Shale: In Situ Measurements of Permeability, CO2 Sorption Behavior, and Acoustic PropertiesJ. William Carey, Ronny Pini, Manika Prasad, Luke P. Frash, and Sanyog Kumar 207 Part III: Monitoring Caprock Failure 11. In‐Zone and Above‐Zone Pressure Monitoring Methods for CO2 Geologic Storage 227Seyyed A. Hosseini, Mahmood Shakiba, Alexander Sun, and Susan Hovorka 12. Monitoring and Modeling Caprock Integrity at the In Salah Carbon Dioxide Storage Site, Algeria 243Donald W. Vasco, Robert C. Bissell, Bahman Bohloli, Thomas M. Daley, Alessandro Ferretti, William Foxall, Bettina P. Goertz‐Allmann, Valeri Korneev, Joseph P. Morris, Volker Oye, Abe Ramirez, Antonio Pio Rinaldi, Alessio Rucci, Jonny Rutqvist, Josh White, and Rui Zhang 13. Evaluation of Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) as Tracers for CO2 Containment and Migration Monitoring 271Matthew Myers and Cameron White Part IV: Environmental Impacts and Remediation Techniques 14. Migration and Leakage of CO2 from Deep Geological Storage Sites 285Andreas Busch and Niko Kampman 15. A Review of Studies Examining the Potential for Groundwater Contamination from CO2 Sequestration 305Charuleka Varadharajan, Ruth M. Tinnacher, Robert C. Trautz, Liange Zheng, Baptiste Dafflon, Yuxin Wu, Matthew T. Reagan, Jens T. Birkholzer, and J. William Carey 16. Review of CO2 Leakage Mitigation and Remediation Technologies 327Cesar A. Castaneda‐Herrera, Geoffrey W. Stevens, and Ralf R. Haese Index 339

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Book SynopsisAn examination of ancient and contemporary submarine landslides and their impact Landslides are common in every subaqueous geodynamic context, from passive and active continental margins to oceanic and continental intraplate settings. They pose significant threats to both offshore and coastal areas due to their frequency, dimensions, and terminal velocity, capacity to travel great distances, and ability to generate potentially destructive tsunamis. Submarine Landslides: Subaqueous Mass Transport Deposits from Outcrops to Seismic Profiles examines the mechanisms, characteristics, and impacts of submarine landslides. Volume highlights include: Use of different methodological approaches, from geophysics to field-based geologyData on submarine landslide deposits at various scalesWorldwide collection of case studies from on- and off-shorePotential risks to human society and infrastructureImpacts on the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphereTable of ContentsList of Contributors ix Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv Part I: Submarine Landslide Deposits in Orogenic Belts 1. Submarine Landslide Deposits in Orogenic Belts: Olistostromes and Sedimentary Melanges 3Kei Ogata, Andrea Festa, Gian Andrea Pini, and Juan Luis Alonso 2. Mass-Transport Deposits in the Foredeep Basin of the Miocene Cervarola Sandstones Formation (Northern Apennines, Italy) 27Alberto Piazza and Roberto Tinterri 3. Late Miocene Olistostrome in the Makran Accretionary Wedge (Baluchistan, SE Iran): A Short Review 45Jean‐Pierre Burg 4. Spatial Distribution of Mass-Transport Deposits Deduced From High‐Resolution Stratigraphy: The Pleistocene Forearc Basin (Boso Peninsula, Central Japan) 57Masayuki Utsunomiya and Yuzuru Yamamoto 5. Mass‐Transport Deposits as Markers of Local Tectonism in Extensional Basins 71Tiago M. Alves and Davide Gamboa 6. Block Generation, Deformation, and Interaction of Mass-Transport Deposits with the Seafloor: An Outcrop‐Based Study of the Carboniferous Paganzo Basin (Cerro Bola, NW Argentina) 91Matheus S. Sobiesiak, Victoria Valdez Buso, Ben Kneller, G. Ian Alsop, and Juan Pablo Milana 7. The Carboniferous MTD Complex at La Pena Canyon, Paganzo Basin (San Juan, Argentina) 105Victoria Valdez Buso, Juan Pablo Milana, Matheus S. Sobiesiak, and Ben Kneller 8. Mass-Transport Complexes of the Marnoso‐arenacea Foredeep Turbidite System (Northern Apennines, Italy): A Reappraisal After Twenty‐Years 117Gian Andrea Pini, Claudio Corrado Lucente, Sonia Venturi, and Kei Ogata 9. Fold and Thrust Systems in Mass‐Transport Deposits Around the Dead Sea Basin 139G.Ian Alsop, Rami Weinberger, Shmuel Marco, and Tsafrir Levi 10. Eocene Mass-Transport Deposits in the Basque Basin (Western Pyrenees, Spain): Insights Into Mass‐Flow Transformation and Bulldozing Processes 155Aitor Payros and Victoriano Pujalte 11. Neogene and Quaternary Mass-Transport Deposits From the Northern Taranaki Basin (North Island, New Zealand): Morphologies, Transportation Processes, and Depositional Controls 171Suzanne Bull, Malcolm Arnot, Greg Browne, Martin Crundwell, Andy Nicol, and Lorna Strachan Part II: Submarine Landslide Deposits in Current Active and Passive Margins 12. Modern Submarine Landslide Complexes: A Short Review 183Katrin Huhn, Marcos Arroyo, Antonio Cattaneo, Mike A. Clare, Eulàlia Gràcia, Carl B. Harbitz, Sebastian Krastel, Achim Kopf, Finn Løvholt, Marzia Rovere, Michael Strasser, Peter J. Talling, and Roger Urgeles 13. An Atlas of Mass‐Transport Deposits in Lakes 201Maddalena Sammartini, Jasper Moernaut, Flavio S. Anselmetti, Michael Hilbe, Katja Lindhorst, Nore Praet, and Michael Strasser 14. Style and Morphometry of Mass-Transport Deposits Across the Espirito Santo Basin (Offshore SE Brazil) 227Davide Gamboa, Tiago M. Alves, and Kamaldeen Olakunle Omosanya 15. Submarine Landslides on the Nankai Trough Accretionary Prism (Offshore Central Japan) 247Gregory F. Moore, Jason K. Lackey, Michael Strasser, and Mikiya Yamashita 16. Seismic Examples of Composite Slope Failures (Offshore North West Shelf, Australia) 261Nicola Scarselli, Ken McClay, and Chris Elders 17. Submarine Landslides Around Volcanic Islands: A Review of What Can Be Learned From the Lesser Antilles Arc 277Anne Le Friant, Elodie Lebas, Morgane Brunet, Sara Lafuerza, Matt Hornbach, Maya Coussens, Sebastian Watt, Michael Cassidy, Peter J. Talling, and IODP 340 Expedition Science Party 18. Submarine Landslides in an Upwelling System: Climatically Controlled Preconditioning of the Cap Blanc Slide Complex (Offshore NW Africa) 299Morelia Urlaub, Sebastian Krastel, and Tilmann Schwenk 19. Submarine Landslides Along the Mixed Siliciclastic-Carbonate Margin of the Great Barrier Reef (Offshore Australia) 313Ángel Puga‐Bernabéu, Jody Michael Webster, Robin Jordan Beaman, Amanda Thran, Javier Lopez‐Cabrera, Gustavo Hinestrosa, and James Daniell 20. Submarine Landslides on the Seafloor: Hints on Subaqueous Mass‐Transport Processes From the Italian Continental Margins (Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Seas, Offshore Italy) 339Fabiano Gamberi, Giacomo Dalla Valle, Federica Foglini, Marzia Rovere, and Fabio Trincardi Index 357

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Book SynopsisThe first book dedicated to describing the hydrology of water flow in lake systems, geared for limnologists and students of hydrology. With fresh water becoming a critical issue around the world, lake mass balancethe hydrology or water movement in lakesis increasingly important to environmental studies and remediation projects. Unfortunately, lake hydrology is often only briefly covered in broader texts on hydrogeology and hydrology or is confined to specialized research papers. Lake Hydrology rigorously describes the hydrology of flow into and out of lake systems. Explaining the physical parameters that influence lake behavior, as well as the mathematics that describes these systems, this in-depth book fills an important niche in the literature of watershed science. This text describes the physical structure and nature of drainage basins and explains the origin and classification of lakes explores the hydrology of lake mass balance and storage as it pertains to lake stage, groundwatTable of ContentsPreface AcknowledgmentsChapter 1. Introduction1.1. Limnology1.2. Dimensions, Units, Measurements, and Mathematical Conventions1.3. Dimensional Analysis1.4. Spatial Coordinates1.5. Mathematics and StatisticsChapter 2. Water and the Hydrologic Cycle2.1. Water and Its Properties2.2. The Hydrologic Cycle2.3. Mass Balance of WaterChapter 3. Drainage Basins, Lentic Systems, Lake Morphometry, and Lake Volume3.1. Drainage Basins3.2. Lentic Systems3.3. Solar Radiation3.4. Lake Morphometry3.5. Lake Volume or StorageCase Study 3.1. City of Winters, Texas, Elm Creek Dam and Reservoir3.6. SummaryChapter 4. Evapotranspiration4.1. Introduction4.2. Evaporation4.3. Transpiration4.3.1. Xylem Transport4.4. Molecular Movement of Water4.5. Estimates of Evapotranspiration4.6. SummaryChapter 5. Rainfall and Surface Flow to Lakes5.1. Introduction5.2. Precipitation5.3. Measuring PrecipitationCase Study 5.1. Hastings, Nebraska, Isohyetal MapCase Study 5.2. Hastings, Nebraska, Thiessen PolygonCase Study 5.3. Stanley River Catchment, Queensland, Australia5.4. Presentation of Rainfall DataChapter 6. Stormwater Flow6.1. Introduction6.2. Variable Source Areas6.3. Storm Runoff and Baseflow6.4. Separation of Baseflow and QuickflowCase Study 6.1. Little Bighorn River Groundwater RechargeCase Study 6.2. Indirect Groundwater Discharge to the Great Lakes Using Hydrograph Separation6.5. Losses 6.6. Urban Runoff and Consumptive UseCase Study 6.3. Impacts of Water Development on Great Salt Lake and the Wasatch Front6.6.3. Implications6.7. SummaryChapter 7: Methods for Estimating Storm Runoff7.1. Introduction7.2. Characterizing Rainfall Events7.3. Runoff Models for Small- to Medium-Sized CatchmentsCase Study 7.1. Stormwater Runoff Assessment Using Rational MethodCase Study 7.2. Stormwater Runoff Assessment Using Soil Conservation Service Method7.4. Hydrographs7.6. SummaryChapter 8. Streamflow to Lakes8.1. Introduction8.2. Velocity Distribution and Uniform Flow within Stream Channels8.3. Calculating Channel Flow8.4. Streamflow Hydrographs and Field Measurements for Determining StreamflowChapter 9. Groundwater Flow9.1. Introduction9.2. Groundwater Systems9.3. Groundwater Hydraulics9.4. Fluids in Motion: Laminar and Turbulent Flow9.5. Molecular Attraction, Fluid Viscosity, Friction, Head Loss, and Laminar Flow9.6. Darcy's Law9.7. Hydraulic Head and Hubbert's Classic Treatise on Fluid Potential9.8. Head Loss9.9. Hydraulic Properties of a Porous Medium9.10. Continuum Concept and Representative Elementary Volume9.11. Hydraulic Gradients, Boundary-Value Problem, and Direction of Flow9.12. Field Mapping Equipotential Lines and Flow Nets9.13. SummaryChapter 10. Lake Seepage10.1. Introduction10.2. General Lake-Groundwater Interactions10.3. Determining Seepage10.4. Seepage and Average Linear Velocity10.5. Construction and Placement of Seepage MetersCase Study 10.1. Methods for Measuring Hydraulic Conductivity at Lake Jackson, Leon County, Florida10.6. Lake Bottom and Hydraulic Conductivity HeterogeneitiesCase Study 10.2. Hypsometric Effects and Lake Bottom Hydraulic Conductivity Modeling of Lake Jackson, Leon County, Florida10.7. Ecological Indicators of Lake Seepage10.8. SummaryChapter 11. An Overview of Lake Hydrology Modeling, Lake Mass Balance, and Hypsometry11.1. Systems11.2. Model Process11.3. Model TypesCase Study 11.1. Lake Mass Balance and HypsometryCase Study 11.2. Numerical Simulation Analyses of Lake-Groundwater InteractionCase Study 11.3: Polynomial Regression Seepage Model of Lake Jackson, Leon County, FloridaCase Study 11.4. Seepage Modeling of Lake Jackson, Leon County, Florida11.4. Development of a Model11.5. Model Selection, Validation, Calibration, and Documentation11.6. SummaryAppendixReferencesIndex

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Book SynopsisHead waves – also called refraction arrivals, lateral waves, or conical waves – have been used extensively in near-earthquake studies, geophysical prospecting, and deep-crustal seismological investigations. In the past, research was confined largely to the kinematic characteristics of the waves, but emphasis is now being given to the dynamic characteristics: amplitudes, spectra, and wave forms. In the last fifteen years, several new mathematical and computational techniques have been developed to study these waves.This is an advanced, technical book presenting a consistent theory of head waves, using methods developed in the famous Leningrad school under G.I. Petrashen and his colleagues. It proceeds from a consideration of the simplest problem of one interface to a study of the situation in which there are many interfaces (some of which may not be plane or parallel to one another) and the material between the interfaces is not necessarily homogenous. The method i

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Book SynopsisThe fourth edition of SEG’s best seller is a valuable, comprehensive reference that is a must for every geophysicist, geologist, explorationist, engineer, energy adviser, economist, editor, and student involved in the field. Hundreds of terms have been added since publication of the third edition in 1991, reflecting rapid evolution of the science, especially in the areas of engineering and production problems, 3D (including multicomponent) acquisition and processing, visualization, S- and converted waves, interpretation, anisotropy, AVO, geostatistics, geohazards, neural networks, tomography, downhole measurements, horizontal drilling, and deepwater work. Definitions of hundreds of other terms have been updated. The dictionary’s title has been modified slightly to reflect growth in application of geophysical methods, with the word Applied replacing the word Exploration. The dictionary includes a guide to pronunciation and a list of reference figures and tables. A CD containing the dictionary in searchable PDF format also is included.

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Book SynopsisBecause most sedimentary rocks encountered in oil and gas exploration are effectively anisotropic, it is imperative to properly estimate seismic anisotropy and incorporate it into data-processing and imaging algorithms. Seismology of Azimuthally Anisotropic Media and Seismic Fracture Characterization (SEG Geophysical References Series No. 17) presents a systematic analysis of seismic signatures for azimuthally anisotropic media and describes anisotropic inversion/processing methods for wide-azimuth reflection data and VSP (vertical seismic profiling) surveys. The main focus is on kinematic parameter-estimation techniques operating with P-waves as well as with the combination of PP and PS (mode-converted) data. The part devoted to prestack amplitudes includes azimuthal AVO (amplitude variation with offset) analysis and a concise treatment of attenuation coefficients, which are highly sensitive to the presence of anisotropy. Discussion of fracture characterization is based on modern effective media theories and illustrates both the potential and limitations of seismic methods. Field-data examples highlight the improvements achieved by accounting for anisotropy in seismic processing, imaging, and fracture detection.

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Book SynopsisIn his classic text, Seismic Prospecting for Oil, C. Hewitt Dix remarks that the correlation of one reflection record with another, that is, the interpretation of seismic data, is a procedure that “can hardly be described in words.” First Steps in Seismic Interpretation (Geophysical Monograph Series No. 16) is a book about fundamental concepts and practices of seismic interpretation that attempts to achieve such a description. Intended for beginning interpreters, this book approaches interpretation via synthesis of concepts and practical applications rather than through formal treatment of basic physics and geology. It is based on the author’s personal experience as a seismic interpreter and is organized along the lines of notes from interpretation classes that he designs and teaches.

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Book SynopsisMicroseismic Imaging of Hydraulic Fracturing: Improved Engineering of Unconventional Shale Reservoirs (SEG Distinguished Instructor Series No. 17) covers the use of microseismic data to enhance engineering design of hydraulic fracturing and well completion. The book, which accompanies the 2014 SEG Distinguished Instructor Short Course, describes the design, acquisition, processing, and interpretation of an effective microseismic project. The text includes a tutorial of the basics of hydraulic fracturing, including the geologic and geomechanical factors that control fracture growth. In addition to practical issues associated with collecting and interpreting microseismic data, potential pitfalls and quality-control steps are discussed. Actual case studies are used to demonstrate engineering benefits and improved production through the use of microseismic monitoring. Providing a practical user guide for survey design, quality control, interpretation, and application of microseismic hydraulic fracture monitoring, this book will be of interest to geoscientists and engineers involved in development of unconventional reservoirs.

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Book SynopsisProviding geophysicists with an in-depth understanding of the theoretical and applied background for the seismic diffraction method, Classical and Modern Diffraction Theory covers the history and foundations of the classical theory and the key elements of the modern diffraction theory. Chapters include an overview and a historical review of classical theory, a summary of the experimental results illustrating this theory, and key principles of the modern theory of diffraction; the early cornerstones of classical diffraction theory, starting from its inception in the 17th century and an extensive introduction to reprinted works of Grimaldi, Huygens, and Young; details of the classical theory of diffractions as developed in the 19th century and reprinted works of Fresnel, Green, Helmholtz, Kirchhoff, and Rayleigh; and the cornerstones of the modern theory including Keller’s geometrical theory of diffraction, boundary-layer theory, and super-resolution. Appendices on the Cornuspiral and Babinet’s principle also are included.

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Book SynopsisExploration and characterization of conventional and unconventional reservoirs using seismic technologies are among the main activities of upstream technology groups and business units of oil and gas operators. However, these activities frequently encounter difficulties in quantitative seismic interpretation due to remaining confusion and new challenges in the fast developing field of seismic petrophysics. Seismic Petrophysics in Quantitative Interpretation shows how seismic interpretation can be made simple and robust by integration of the rock physics principles with seismic and petrophysical attributes bearing on the properties of both conventional (thickness, net/ gross, lithology, porosity, permeability, and saturation) and unconventional (thickness, lithology, organic richness, thermal maturity) reservoirs. Practical solutions to existing interpretation problems in rock physics-based amplitude versus offset (AVO) analysis and inversion are addressed in the book to streamline the workflows in subsurface characterization. Although the book is aimed at oil and gas industry professionals and academics concerned with utilization of seismic data in petroleum exploration and production, it could also prove helpful for geotechnical and completion engineers and drillers seeking to better understand how seismic and sonic data can be more thoroughly utilized.

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Book SynopsisThe scope of engineering seismology includes geotechnical site investigations for buildings and engineering infrastructures, such as dams, levees, bridges, and tunnels, landslide and active- fault investigations, seismic microzonation, and geophysical investigations of historic buildings. These projects require multidisciplinary participation by the geologist, geophysicist, and geotechnical and earthquake engineers. A key objective of this book (SEG Investigations in Geophysics Series No. 17) by Öz Yilmaz is to encourage the specialists from these disciplines to apply the seismic method to solve the many challenging engineering problems they face. The broader scope of engineering seismology also includes exploration of earth resources, including groundwater exploration, coal and mineral exploration, and geothermal exploration. While focusing on the application of the seismic method to geotechnical site investigations, this book includes many case studies in all of the applications of engineering seismology.

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Book SynopsisOver the past decade, microseismic monitoring, a technology used to evaluate the completions of wells drilled to produce hydrocarbons from unconventional reservoirs, has grown increasingly popular among oil and gas companies. Microseismic Monitoring, by Vladimir Grechka and Werner M. Heigl, presents a thorough description of how to process microseismic data and the underlying theory, of what can and cannot be inferred, and to what level of certainty. The layout of the book follows the passage of a seismic wave – from a source triggered by hydraulic stimulation, through hydrocarbon-bearing formations, towards motion sensors. The analysis of various approaches to harvesting the source-related information from microseismic records has singled out the accuracy of the velocity model as the most critical ingredient for the quality of microseismic deliverables and our understanding of the information contained in those. An accurate velocity model, fully accounting for the strong elastic anisotropy of hydraulically fractured shales, is a prerequisite for obtaining precise event hypocenters and interpretable seismic moment tensors. The ray theory complemented by its modern extensions, the paraxial ray tracing and Frechet ray tracing, provides the only practical means available today for building such models. This book was written for geophysicists interested in learning advanced microseismic data-processing techniques.

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Book SynopsisElementary, conceptual, and easy to read, this book describes the methods and techniques used to estimate rock properties from seismic data, based on a sound understanding of the elastic properties of materials and rocks and how the amplitudes of seismic reflections change with those properties. By examining the recorded seismic amplitudes in some detail, we can deduce properties beyond the basic geological structure of the subsurface. We can, using AVO and other amplitude techniques, characterize rocks and the reservoirs inside them with some degree of qualitative, and even quantitative, detail. Mathematics is not ignored, but is kept to a minimum. Intended for geophysicists, seismic acquisition specialists, processors, and interpreters, even those with little previous exposure to "quantitative interpretation", "interpretive processing", or "advanced seismic analysis", this book also would be appropriate for geologists, engineers, and technicians who are familiar with the concepts but need a methodical review as well as managers and businesspeople who would like to obtain an understanding of these concepts.

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Book SynopsisFrom Bohr magneton at the atomic level to van Allen belts in the magnetosphere around the Earth, from an absolute atomic gravimeter to the gravity field curvature, and from Bayesian stochastic inversion to artificial intelligence (AI), this Dictionary contains more than 3,200 entries and presents a terminology-guided summary of the gravity and magnetic theory, measuring instruments, methods of data acquisition, processing, analysis, and interpretation for geophysical studies of the Earth and other planets. Terrestrial applications include engineering (karst and faults), geodesy, geothermal, groundwater, volcano and global tectonic studies, CO2 sequestration and reservoir monitoring, as well as exploration for oil and gas, rare earth elements (REE), iron, gold, and other mineral resources. The terms are extensively cross referenced to other terms in the book. A comprehensive but concise list of referenced also is included.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the frontiers of tsunami science and research and demonstrates the unprecedented progress achieved during this period overviewing different aspect of tsunami science including meteorological tsunamis.The two 1992 events near Nicaragua and Flores Island, Indonesia, marked the beginning of a “modern tsunami science era” producing highly destructive tsunamis and opened a 25-year period of numerous devastating events, including two of the most destructive natural disasters in recent human history: the 26 December 2004 Sumatra and the 11 March 2011 Tohoku tsunamis. The book is of interest to scientists and practitioners as well postgraduate students in geophysics, oceanography and coastal engineering, involved in all aspects of tsunamis, from earthquake source processes to transoceanic wave propagation, from coastal impacts to hazard assessment and combining recent case studies with advances in tsunami science and natural hazards mitigation.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisPython is used in a wide range of geoscientific applications, such as in processing images for remote sensing, in generating and processing digital elevation models, and in analyzing time series. This book introduces methods of data analysis in the geosciences using Python that include basic statistics for univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data sets, time series analysis, and signal processing; the analysis of spatial and directional data; and image analysis. The text includes numerous examples that demonstrate how Python can be used on data sets from the earth sciences. The supplementary electronic material (available online through Springer Link) contains the example data as well as recipes that include all the Python commands featured in the book.Table of ContentsData Analysis in the Earth Sciences.- Introduction to Python.- Univariate Statistics.- Bivariate Statistics.- Time Series Analysis.- Signal Processing.- Spatial Data.- Image Processing.- Multivariate Statistics.- Directional Data.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a significant amount of structural, paleomagnetic and magnetic fabric data in the Central High Atlas (Morocco). The authors thoroughly described and analyzed the present-day structure of this intraplate chain through 22 of cross-sections, potential field data analysis and 3D reconstruction. In addition, the authors propose a palinspastic reconstruction of the structure of the basin at 100 Ma (i.e., post-extension and pre-compression) to finally evaluate its Mesozoic and Cenozoic geodynamic evolution. This books presents (1) a unique three-dimensional model at the chain scale, (2) an analysis of the ca. 100 Ma remagnetization, to perform palinspastic restorations of most representative structures, (3) as well as the interpretation of the magnetic fabrics in order to unravel the tectonic or deformation setting that the rocks underwent in different parts of the basin. This book is of interest to structural geologists in Northern Africa, the Mediterranean and Iberia, as well as to those interested in inverted intraplate basins and paleomagnetists from around the planet. Also, this book is intended to help students to understand better the geological evolution of the Atlas and therefore Morocco and surrounding areas.Table of ContentsChapter 1. The geological setting of the Moroccan High Atlas and its plate tectonics context.Moussaid, B., El-Ouardi, H., Casas-Sainz A.M., Pocoví, A., Román-Berdiel, T., Oliva-Urcia, B., Ruiz-Martínez, V.C.1.1. INTRODUCTION1.2. GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SETTING1.3. THE HIGH ATLAS IN ITS GEOLOGICAL CONTEXT: SURROUNDING GEOLOGICALUNITS1.3.1. The Sahara domain1.3.2. The Anti-Atlas1.3.3. The Meseta domain1.3.4. The Rif Chain1.4. GEOLOGICAL FRAME OF THE MOROCCAN HIGH ATLAS1.4.1. The Atlantic High Atlas1.4.2. The Marrakech High Atlas1.4.3. The Central High Atlas (CHA)1.4.4. The Eastern High Atlas1.5. GEODYNAMIC FRAME OF THE HIGH ATLAS AND EVOLUTION OF THE APWP1.6. IMPLICATIONS OF THE MAIN GEODYNAMIC EVENTS IN NORTH AFRICA IN ATLASICGEOLOGY1.6.1. Permian-Triassic stage1.6.2. First rifting event: Late Triassic to Early Jurassic1.6.3. Second rifting event: Late Liassic to Early Dogger (180Ma)1.6.4. Bajocian-Late Jurassic stage1.6.5. Early Cretaceous1.6.6. Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic inversion1.7. MAGMATIC EVENTS / HYDROTHERMALISM AND MINERALIZATION1.7.1. Triassic: the CAMP event1.7.2. Jurassic – Cretaceous event1.7.3. Cenozoic event1.7.4. Hydrothermalism and mineralization1.8. STRATIGRAPHIC FRAME OF THE CENTRAL HIGH ATLAS1.8.1. Triassic1.8.2. Jurassic1.8.3. Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous1.8.4. Lower Cretaceous1.8.5. Post-Turonian Cretaceous deposits1.8.6. Cenozoic deposits1.9. STRUCTURING OF THE MOROCCAN HIGH ATLAS1.9.1. Extensional structures1.9.2. Post-basinal, pre-inversion tectonic structures1.9.3. Alpine compressional structures1.9.4. Crustal roots for Atlasic structures: the geophysical background1.9.5. Recent evolution of the Atlas belt: topographic featuresREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 2. Structure of the Central High Atlas (Morocco). Constraints from potential field dataand 3D models.Casas-Sainz, A.M., Santolaria, P., Mochales, T., Pocoví, A., Izquierdo, E., El-Ouardi, H., Moussaid, B.,Manar, A., Ruiz-Martínez, V.C., Marcén, M., Torres-López, S., Gil-Imaz, A., Román-Berdiel, T., Oliva-Urcia, B., Calvín, P.2.1. MAIN STRUCTURAL FEATURES2.1.1. Southern Atlas fold-and-thrust belt (Zone 1)1. Toundoute nappe (Amejgag syncline-Tisguine syncline)2. Skoura culmination: basement thrusts associated with the Toundoute nappe (Asaka Kantoulathrust and others3. Boumalne-Dadès structures4. Central thrust system (Aït Ourena-Tamayoust-Jbel Aderbat-Jbel Badoust)5. Tadighoust anticline6. Amellago recumbent fold system7. Jbel Hamdoun thrust and related structures2.1.2. Northern Atlas thrust system (Zone 2)8. West of the Middle Atlas intersection9. East of the Middle Atlas intersection2.1.3. Western sector: the large interference synclines and basement-involved folds (Demnate area,Zone 3)10. Aït-Attab syncline11. Guettioua syncline12. Iouaridène, Tizgui and Tifni synclines (and intervening anticlines)13. Jbel Til syncline14. Jbel Rat syncline15. Amezri syncline2.1.4. Central sector (1): thrusts and diapiric anticlines (La Cathédrale area, Zone 4)16. Ouaouizaght syncline17. Taguelft syncline18. M’Goun anticline (Tameksout-Timoutiguine-Aït Baha-Toumliline)19. Wagoulzat anticline20. Tabant syncline21. Jbel Azourki anticline and Zawyat Ahansal zone22. Jbel Tilicha anticline23. Jbel Tabaghast thrust24. La Cathédrale thrust25. Aït-Mazigh anticline and western prolongation of La Cathédrale thrust26. Talmest-Tazoult anticline27. Tiffouine-Tagertetouch monocline28. Talmest interference structure29. Addendoum anticline30. Tilouguit monocline2.1.5. Central sector (2): thrusts, anticlines and diapirs (Imilchil area, Zone 5)31. Tizi’n’Isly syncline and thrust32. Chekret anticline and Ikassene syncline33. Tasraft anticline34. Anergui diapir35. Tassent anticline36. Lacs syncline37. Ikkou anticline38. Tissila anticline and Ikkou syncline39. Tadaghmamt anticline40. Timedouine diapir41. Moussa diapir42. Isselfène diapir and Taltfraout anticline/diapir43. Msmrir diapir and syncline44. Toumliline anticline and diapir45. Platform (cleavage-domain) area between Timedouine and Toumliline2.1.6. Eastern sector (1): cleavage-related linear structures (Tounfite area, Zone 6)46. Jbel Amalou anticline47. Tounfite syncline48. Jbel Masker anticline49. Tirrhist gabbro and associated structures50. Almou syncline51. Jbel Adderdoum thrust52. Taribante syncline53. Jbel Tazreft thrust54. Ameksou anticline55. Assoul syncline56. Jbel Baddou thrust2.1.7. Eastern sector (2): vergence-switching ridges (Midelt-Rich area, Ziz river, Zone 7)57. Jbel Aouja (and Aït Arouz) anticline58. Sidi Hamza anticline59. Foum Tilich thrust60. Kerrando syncline61. Bou Hamid anticline/thrust62. Gourrama syncline63. Foum Zabel anticline/thrust64. Aghbarou syncline2.2. SERIATED CROSS SECTIONS2.3. INPUT FROM MODELING OF POTENTIAL FIELD DATA2.3.1. Petrophysical properties2.3.1.1 Magnetic susceptibility and density2.3.1.2 Magnetic remanence and Koenigsberger ratio2.3.2 Magnetic maps processing2.3.2.1. Reduction to Pole and Reduction to Equator2.3.2.2. Filtering: Derivatives constraints2.3.2.3. 2.5D modelling of magnetic and gravimetric anomalies2.3.3. Results2.3.3.1. Interpretation of the corrected magnetic field map of IGRF (ICMT), Reduced to Pole(ICMTRTP) and Reduced to Equator (ICMTRTE)2.3.3.2. Interpretation of the Vertical and horizontal Derivatives2.3.3.3. Bouguer anomaly2.3.4. The geophysical anomalies in their relation to geological features and evolution2.3.5. 2.5D modelling. Configuration and interpretation of magnetic and gravimetric models2.3.5.1. Profile 2, Tagoudite2.3.5.2. Profile 8, Anergui E2.3.5.3. Profile 12, Ouaouitzaght2.4. CONTRIBUTIONS OF 3-D RECONSTRUCTIONS TO THE GEOMETRY OF THE CENTRALHIGH ATLAS2.4.1. Methods and workflow2.4.1.1 Defining the model area and resolution2.4.1.2. Modelled stratigraphic pile2.4.1.3. Input data and data compilation in a 3D environment2.4.1.4. Verifying cross-sections in a 3D environment2.4.1.5. Computing the model1. Major bounding thrust2. Faults3. Diapirs4. Diapir-fault systems5. Compiling structural surfaces6. Stratigraphic horizons2.4.2. 3D structural model of the Central High Atlas2.4.2.1. Southern Atlas fold-and-thrust belt (Zone 1)2.4.2.2. Northern Atlas thrust system (Zone 2)2.4.2.3. Western sector: the large interference synclines and basement-involved folds (Demnatearea, Zone 3)2.4.2.4. Central sector (1): thrusts and diapiric anticlines (La Cathédrale area, Zone 4)2.4.2.5. Central sector (2): thrusts, anticlines and diapirs (Imilchil area, Zone 5)2.4.2.6. Eastern sector (1): cleavage-related linear structures (Tounfite area, Zone 6)2.4.2.7. Eastern sector (2): vergence-switching ridges (Midelt-Rich area, Ziz river, Zone 7)2.4.3. Potential and limitations of the 3D modelREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 3. Magnetic properties of the remagnetized carbonates of the Central High Atlas(Morocco).Calvín, P., Bógalo, M.F., Villalaín, J.J., Román-Berdiel, T., Falcón, I., Torres-López, S., Mochales, T.,Herrejón, A.3.1 METHODOLOGY3.2 GENERAL MAGNETIC FRACTION IN THE ATLASIC ROCKS3.2.1. Carbonates3.2.2. Red beds3.3 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MAGNETITE-BEARING REMAGNETIZED CARBONATES3.3.1. SP versus SSD grain size3.3.2. ARM vs IRM experiment3.3.3. Coercivity spectra3.3.4 Discussion and summary3.4 CARRIERS OF THE MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY3.4.1. Magnetic susceptibility of carbonates3.4.2. Magnetic susceptibility of red-bedsREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 4. Paleomagnetism of the Central High Atlas. The widespread CretaceousRemagnetization and structural implications.Villalaín, J.J., Calvín, P., Falcón, I., Torres-López, S., Bógalo, M.F., Moussaid, B., Ruiz-Martínez, V.C.,Sánchez, E.4.1. MATERIALS, SAMPLING STRATEGY AND METHODS4.2. NATURAL REMANENT MAGNETIZATION OF MESOZOIC HIGH ATLAS ROCKS4.3. DIRECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTIC REMANENT MAGNETIZATION4.4. AGE OF THE HIGH ATLAS REMAGNETIZATION4.5. SPREADING OF THE HIGH ATLAS REMAGNETIZATION4.6. RESTORATION OF THE PALEOMAGNETIC DIRECTIONS. PALEO-DIPS AT THEREMAGNETIZATION TIME (100 Ma)4.7. CONCLUSIONSREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 5. Geodynamic evolution during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic in the Central High Atlas ofMorocco from Anisotropy of Magnetic SusceptibilityRomán-Berdiel, T., Oliva-Urcia, B., Casas-Sainz, A., Calvín, P., Moussaid, B., Soto, R., Marcén, M., ElOuardi, H., Pocoví, A., Gil-Imaz, A.5.1. SAMPLING AND METHODOLOGY5.2. MAGNETIC FABRIC (RT-AMS) RESULTS5.2.1. Global RT-AMS results5.2.2. RT-AMS by zones and types5.3. MAGNETIC SUBFABRICS (LT-AMS AND AARM) AND PETROFABRICS5.3.1. Scalar parameters5.3.2. Orientation distribution of grains, the information of the magnetic subfabrics (LT-, RT-AMSand AARM)5.3.3. Comparison with petrofabrics5.4. STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION OF THE MAGNETIC FABRICS / TECTONICIMPLICATIONS OF THE MAGNETIC FABRIC ORIENTATION5.4.1. Strain characterization from magnetic fabrics in the Central High Atlas5.4.2. Timing of acquisition of AMS: Information derived from magnetic subfabrics separation5.5. CONCLUSIONSREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 6. Kinematics of structures and basin evolution in the Central High Atlas. Constraintsfrom AMS and paleomagnetic dataCasas-Sainz, A., Villalaín, J.J., Román-Berdiel, T., Calvín, P., Marcén, M., Izquierdo, E., Santolaria, P.,Pocoví, A., Mochales, T., Oliva-Urcia, B., El-Ouardi, H., Moussaid, B.6.1. PALEODIPS AND FOLD TEST. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS6.2. ORIGIN OF INDIVIDUAL STRUCTURES ACCORDING TO PALEOMAGNETISM ANDMAGNETIC FABRIC DATA.6.3. RESTORED CROSS SECTION6.4. SIGNIFICANCE AND MEANING OF MAJOR STRUCTURES IN THE CENTRAL HIGHATLAS FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF MAGNETIC TECHNICS6.4.1. Deformation of the Paleozoic basement6.4.2. The asymmetry of the chain: compressional features of the southern Atlas fold-and-thrust-belt6.4.3. Compressional features of the northern belt6.4.4. Diapirism, magmatism and thrusting in the Central High Atlas6.4.5. Geophysical constraints to large-scale structural features6.4.6. Internal deformation: the cleavage domain6.4.7. Geometry of the overall extension and inversion of the Atlasic basin6.5. CONCLUSIONS. THE CONTRIBUTION OF MAGNETIC TECHNIQUES TO THEEVOLUTION OF THE CENTRAL HIGH ATLAS6.5.1. Paleomagnetism and AMS applied to the study of the CHA6.5.2. The intermediate stage in basin evolution6.5.3. Basin geometry: transtension vs. salt tectonics?6.5.4. Final considerations: comparison with other basins of the Thetys domain6.5.5. Concluding remarksREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONS

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Book SynopsisData Analysis in the Earth Sciences.- Introduction to Python.- Univariate Statistics.- Bivariate Statistics.- Time Series Analysis.- Signal Processing.- Spatial Data.- Image Processing.- Multivariate Statistics.- Directional Data.

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Book SynopsisThe mass of the earth.- The structure of the earth: rotation, precession, cosmogony.- The forces that shape the earth: Neptunism vs. Plutonism.- The age of the earth.- The forces that shape the earth: shrinking, isostasy, drift.- The structure of the earth: seismology.- The forces that shape the earth: convection and plates.- Our concept of the earth.- Exercises: Further Food for Thought.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers all aspects of inertial navigation systems (INS), including the sensor technology and the estimation of instrument errors, as well as their integration with Global Navigation Satellite Systems, specifically the Global Positioning System (GPS) for geodetic applications. The text is of interest to geodesists, including surveyors, mappers, and photogrammetrists; to engineers in aviation, navigation, guidance, transportation, and robotics; and to scientists involved in aerogeophysics and remote sensing. The most recent developments are covered with this second edition that also features an updated treatment of the classical material. Detailed mathematical derivations of the principles of measurement and data processing of inertial measurement units for both stabilized and strapdown systems. Complete treatment of the error dynamics from a statistical viewpoint, including the Kalman filter. A self-contained description of GPS with emphasis on kinematic applications. Key concepts supported by illustrations and numerical examples.

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Book SynopsisVolcanic eruptions are the clear and dramatic expression of dynamic processes in planet Earth. The author, one of the most profound specialists in the field of volcanology, explains in a concise and easy to understand manner the basics and most recent findings in the field. Based on over 300 color figures and the model of plate tectonics, the book offers insight into the generation of magmas and the occurrence and origin of volcanoes. The analysis and description of volcanic structures is followed by process oriented chapters discussing the role of magmatic gases as well as explosive mechanisms and sedimentation of volcanic material. The final chapters deal with the forecast of eruptions and their influence on climate. Students and scientists of a broad range of fields will use this book as an interesting and attractive source of information. Laypeople will find it a highly accessible and graphically beautiful way to acquire a state-of-the-art foundation in this fascinating field. "Volcanism by Hans-Ulrich Schmincke has photos of the best quality I have ever seen in a text on the subject… In addition, the schematic figures in their wide range of styles are clear, colorful, and simplified to emphasize the most important factors while including all significant features… "I have really enjoyed reading and rereading Schmincke’s book. It fills a great gap in texts available for teaching any basic course in volcanology. No other book I know of has the depth and breadth of Volcanism… I have shared Volcanism with my colleagues to their significant benefit, and I am more convinced of its value for a broad range of Earth and planetary scientists. Undoubtedly, I will use Volcanism for my upcoming courses in volcanology. I will never hesitate to recommend it to others. Many geoscientists from very different subdisciplines will benefit from adding the book to their personal libraries. Schmincke has done us all a great service by undertaking the grueling task of writing the book – and it is much better that he alone wrote it." Stanley N. Williams, ASU Tempe, AZ (Physics Today, April 2005) "Schmincke is a German volcanologist with an international reputation, and he has done us all a great favour because he sensibly channelled his fascination with volcanoes into writing this beautifully illustrated book... [he] tackles the entire geological setting of volcanoes within the earth and the processes that form them... And, with more than 400 colour illustrations, including a huge number of really excellent new diagrams, cutaway models and maps, plus a rich glossary and references, this book is accessible to anyone with an interest in the subject." New Scientist (March 2004) "The science of volcanology has made tremendous progress over the past 40 years, primarily because of technological advances and because each tragic eruption has led researchers to recognize the processes behind such serious hazards. Yet scientists are still learning a great deal because of photographs that either capture those processes in action or show us the critical factors left behind in the rock record.Volcanism by Hans-Ulrich Schmincke has photos of the best quality I have ever seen in a text on the subject. I found myself wishing that I had had the photo of Nicaragua’s Masaya volcano, which was the subject of my dissertation, but it was Schmincke who was able to include it in his book. In addition, the schematic figures in their wide range of styles are clear, colorful, and simplified to emphasize the most important factors while including all significant features. The book’s paper is of such high quality that at times I felt I had turned two pages rather than one. I have really enjoyed reading and rereading Schmincke’s book. It fills a great gap in texts available for teaching any basic course in volcanology. No other book I know of has the depth and breadth of Volcanism. I was disappointed that the text did not arrive on my desk until last August, when it was too late for me to choose it for my course in volcanology. I am also disappointed about another fact—the book’s binding is already becoming tattered because of my intense use of it! Schmincke is a volcanologist who, in 1967, first published papers on sedimentary rocks of volcanic origin, the direction traveled by lava flows millions of years ago, and the structures preserved in explosive ignimbrites, or pumice-flow deposits, that reveal important details of their formation. Since then, his studies in Germany’s Laacher See, the Canary Islands, the Troodos Ophiolite of Cyprus, and many other regions have forged great fundamental advances. Such contributions have been recognized with his receipt of several international awards and clearly give him a strong base for writing the book. However, as a scientist who has focused on the challenges of monitoring the very diverse activities of volcanoes, I think that the text’s overriding emphasis on the rock record has its cost. The group of scientists who are struggling with their goals to reduce or mitigate the hazards of the eruptions of tomorrow need to learn more about the options of technology, instrumentation, and methodology that are currently available. More than 500 million people live near the more than 1500 known active volcanoes and are constantly facing serious threats of eruptions. An extremely energetic earthquake caused the horrific tsunamis of 2004. However, the tsunamis of 1792, 1815, and 1883, which were caused by the eruptions of Japan’s Unzen volcano and Indonesia’s Tambora and Krakatau volcanoes, each took a similar toll. " ( Stanley N. Williams, PHYSICS TODAY, April 2005)Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "Volcanism by Hans-Ulrich Schmincke has photos of the best quality I have ever seen in a text on the subject… In addition, the schematic figures in their wide range of styles are clear, colorful, and simplified to emphasize the most important factors while including all significant features… "I have really enjoyed reading and rereading Schmincke’s book. It fills a great gap in texts available for teaching any basic course in volcanology. No other book I know of has the depth and breadth of Volcanism… I have shared Volcanism with my colleagues to their significant benefit, and I am more convinced of its value for a broad range of Earth and planetary scientists. Undoubtedly, I will use Volcanism for my upcoming courses in volcanology. I will never hesitate to recommend it to others. Many geoscientists from very different subdisciplines will benefit from adding the book to their personal libraries. Schmincke has done us all a great service by undertaking the grueling task of writing the book – and it is much better that he alone wrote it." Stanley N. Williams, ASU Tempe, AZ (Physics Today, April 2005) "This book comes from a lifetime of volcanological field experience all over the world from a leading professor of volcanology … . The book is based on the author’s lecture materials … . figures make this volume exceptionally valuable to students and instructors. The photographs, historic figures, and charts and figures … are done thoughtfully and carefully and will be very widely used. … would be appropriate as a text for an upper-level college class in volcanology. … It could attract newcomers to this highly interdisciplinary field … ." (William I. Rose, Journal of Geology, May, 2005) "This outstanding handbook has the power to incite any geologist or interested layman to become a volcanologist himself … . It is … lavishly illustrated with superb photographs and excellent cartoons of models, schematic cross-sections or contour maps, with easy to consult references, glossary and indexes. ... It is highly recommended to all those interested in earth sciences in general and should be present in every earth science library. … definitely will raise the fascination for the earth as a complex system among many." (Michiel Dusar, Geologica Belgica, Vol. 8 (1-2), 2005) "The book by Hans-Ulrich Schmincke … is alluring for several reasons. Firstly, it deals with topics which … are potentially attractive for all, regardless of ones age and educational level. Secondly, it is perfectly balanced in providing a professional level of science … . Thirdly, it contains a wealth of colourful photos … . the most spectacularly illustrated one I have recently read. … the text is written with passion and with a superb knowledge of the subject … . Students and scientists … will find this excellent book an indispensable source of information … ." (Marek Lewandowski, Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 162, 2005) "Hans-Ulrich Schmincke … has done us all a great favour because he sensibly channelled his fascination with volcanoes into writing this beautifully illustrated book. Volcanism, however, is much more than pretty pictures. … It inspires you to explore … . And, with more than 400 colour illustrations, including a huge number of really excellent new diagrams, cutaway models and maps, plus a rich glossary and references, this book is accessible to anyone with an interest in the subject." (Douglas Palmer, New Scientist, March, 2004) "The book succeeds for the most part on the generalized level of providing a bridge between the technical and popular literature on volcanoes, and as such can be recommended. … The strengths of the Schmincke volume lie in its overall coverage of volcanic topics, readability, and in the large number of almost entirely excellent-quality photographs and diagrams that make it an easy book to dip into." (Colin Wilson, Economic Geology, Vol. 100 (3), 2005)Table of ContentsPlate Tectonics.- Magma.- Rheology, Magmatic Gases, Bubbles and Triggering of Eruptions.- Mid-Ocean Ridges.- Seamounts and Volcanic Islands.- Continental Intraplate Volcanoes.- Subduction Zone Volcanoes.- Volcanic Edifices and Volcanic Deposits.- Strombolian, Hawaiian and Plinian Eruptions and the Mount St. Helens Eruption 1980.- Pyroclastic Flows, Block and Ash Flows, Surges and the Laacher See Eruption.- Fire and Water.- Volcanic Hazards, Volcanic Catastrophes, and Disaster Mitigation.- Volcanoes and Climate.- Man and Volcanoes: The Benefits.- 16 Physical Units and Abbreviations.- 17 Glossary.- 18 References.- 19 Subject Index.- 20 Index of Geographical Names.- 21 Index of Names.

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Book SynopsisIn the past two decades a succession of direct observations by satellites, and of extensive computer simulations, has led to the realization that the polar ionosphere plays a principal role in large-scale magnetospheric processes - a manifestation of the physics linkage involved in solar-terrestrial interactions. Spatial/temporal variations in high-latitude electromagnetic phenomena, such as dynamic aurorae, electric fields and currents, have proved to be extremely complex. Now the challenge is to comprehend the vast amount of complicated measurements made in this magnetosphere-ionosphere sysstem of the Earth. This book addresses the electrical coupling between the hot, but dilute, magnetospheric plasma and the cold, but dense, plasma in the ionosphere. In five major chapters, this book presents: - basic properties of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling; - morphology of electric fields and currents at high latitudes; - global modeling of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling; - modeling of ionospheric electrodynamics; - current issues, such as auroral particle acceleration, substorms, penetration of high-latitude fields into low latitudes.Table of Contents1 Implications of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling.- 1.1 Solar Wind, Magnetosphere, and Ionosphere.- 1.1.1 Entry of Energy into the Magnetosphere.- 1.1.2 Dissipation of Energy in Substorms.- 1.2 Basic Properties of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling.- 1.2.1 Global and Local Coupling Processes.- 1.2.2 Plasma Convection.- 1.2.3 Theoretical Approach.- 2 Morphology of Electric Fields and Currents at High Latitudes.- 2.1 Large-Scale Current Systems.- 2.1.1 Convection Electrojets.- 2.1.2 Substorm Current Wedge.- 2.1.3 Polar Cap and Cusp Currents.- 2.1.4 Eastward Current in the Dawn Sector.- 2.1.5 Current Closure in the Magnetosphere.- 2.1.6 Charge Carriers of Field-Aligned Currents.- 2.2 Electric Field and Currents Associated with Auroral Forms.- 2.2.1 Auroral Arcs.- 2.2.2 Westward Traveling Surges.- 2.2.3 Auroral Omega Bands.- 2.2.4 Pulsating Auroral Patches.- 3 Global Modeling of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling.- 3.1 Basic Concepts.- 3.2 Simulation of Magnetospheric Convection.- 3.2.1 Global Convection Model.- 3.2.2 Plasma Transport Model.- 3.3 Reproduction of Observed Features.- 3.4 Coupling Models with Specific Physical Aspects.- 4 Modeling of Ionospheric Electrodynamics.- 4.1 Ionospheric Parameters Controlled by Field-Aligned Currents.- 4.1.1 Basic Algorithm.- 4.1.2 Quiet Periods.- 4.1.3 Substorm Times.- 4.1.4 Cusp Structure.- 4.2 Magnetogram-Inversion Technique.- 4.2.1 Essence of the Scheme.- 4.2.2 Advantages and Limitations.- 4.2.3 Global Distribution of Ionospheric Parameters.- 4.2.4 Recent Improvements.- 4.3 Formation of Auroral Arcs.- 5 Current Issues in Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling.- 5.1 The Westward Traveling Surge.- 5.1.1 Dynamics.- 5.1.2 Distortion of Convection Pattern.- 5.1.3 Pulsations.- 5.2 Auroral Particle Acceleration and Parallel Electric Fields.- 5.2.1 Observations.- 5.2.2 Theories and Computer Simulations.- 5.3 Penetration of High-Latitude Electric Fields / into Low Latitudes.- 5.3.1 Substorm Effects.- 5.3.2 Source Mechanisms.- 5.3.3 Global Patterns of Ionospheric Fields.- 5.3.4 Shielding of Convection Fields in the Magnetosphere.- 5.4 Relative Importance of Conductivities and Electric Fields..- 5.4.1 Simultaneous Measurements of Ionospheric Parameters.- 5.4.2 Two Electrojet Modes.- 5.4.3 Latitudinal Cross-Sections of the Auroral Electrojets.- 5.4.4 Implications for Substorm Dynamics.- 5.4.5 Future Problems.- References.

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Book SynopsisHydrogeomorphology is a scientific discipline that examines the geographical, geological, and hydrological features of water bodies, as well as the changes that occur in response to variations in flow and natural and human-caused events. The book delves into various facets of water resources, aquifer properties, structural and drainage patterns, including cutting-edge topics such as rainwater harvesting, watershed development, remote sensing, GIS, GPS, DSTM, MCE, and TIR. The book also discusses social, cultural, and administrative aspects of water resource management, along with the problems and solutions related to sustainable development. Readers will appreciate the clear and concise presentation of hydrogeology and geomorphology through images and tables, making the book suitable for both students and professionals in the fields of agricultural and civil engineering, environment, geology, geomorphology, hydrogeology, hydrology, and irrigation.

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Book SynopsisHydrogeomorphology is the science relating to the geographical, geological and hydrological aspects of water bodies and changes to these in response to flow variations and to natural and human caused events. The book covers the aspects of water resources, aquifer properties, structural and drainage patterns, with special reference to latest topics like Rain Water Harvesting, Watershed Development, Remote Sensing, GIS, GPS, DSTM, MCE and TIR. With social, cultural and administrative steps, problems with their solutions and means of sustainable development finding their way in the book, thus making the book a must buy for all concerned. The present book covers detailed studies of hydrogeology and geomorphology. Their simple and accurate presentation by images and tables serves the appetite of not only the students but also of the professionals in the field of agricultural and civil engineering, environment, geology, geomorphology, hydrogeology, hydrology and irrigation.Table of Contents1. Introduction 2. Fundamentals of Hydrogeomorphology 3. Water Resources 4. Aquifer Properties 5. Hydrological Properties of Rocks 6. Structural Hydrogeomorphology 7. Drainage Pattern and Morphometric Characteristics of Hydrogeomorphic Units 8. Hydrogeomorphology of Landforms 9. Applications of Hydrogeomorphic Studies 10. Techniques of Hydrogeomorphology 11. Hydrogeomorphological Mapping 12. Hydrogeomorphology and Social Environment

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Book SynopsisThis open access book presents a new structural model of “multi-arc-basin-terrane system” based on the in-depth research of the Nujiang-Lancangjiang-Jinshajiang region, especially several Paleo-Tethys ophiolitic mélange belts and sets of arc-basin systems, and a new orogenic model of “The Hengduan shan Mountains” based on penetrated research on spatial-temporal framework and orogenic models of different orogenic belts under large-scale strike-slip-shear-nappe structures evolution. The authors paid special attention on the coupling relation between orogeny and metallogenesis. The metallogenesis and dynamic process are probed under the crust–mantle interaction and material-energy exchange-transmission background and the tectonic units evolution. The ore genesis and distribution of deposits have been thoroughly analyzed, and the metallogenic theories of "multi-arc-basin-terrane" and "intracontinental tectonic transformation" in the Nujiang-Lancangjiang-Jinshajiang region have been carried out. This book also illustrates how to explore metallic deposits in the Nujiang-Lancangjiang-Jinshajiang region by using the metallogenic regulations. Meanwhile, this book has high reference value for researchers working in the fields of basic geology, environmental geology, and energy geology.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Tectonic Framework of Sanjiang Tethyan Metallogenic Domain.- Basic Characteristics and Evolution of Sanjiang Tethys Archipelagic Arc-Basin System.- Formation and Evolution of Sanjiang Collision Orogenic Belt.- Mineralization and Metallogenic System in Sanjiang Region.- Regional Metallogenic Models.- Geological Prospecting Method of Sanjiang and Integration of Exploration Technologies.

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Table of Contents1. History of Asteroid Missions 2. Petrology of Hydrated Carbonaceous Chondrites 3. Thermal Histories in Carbonaceous Chondrites 4. The Origin and Evolution of Organic Matter in Carbonaceous Chondrites and Links to Asteroid Parent Bodies 5. Reflectance Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Chondrites 6. Compositional Diversity among Primitive Asteroids 7. The Density, Porosity, and Strength Properties of Near-Earth Primitive Asteroids 8. Geotechnical Properties of Asteroids Affecting Surface Operations, Mining, and ISRU Activities 9. Scale-dependent Strength Properties of Regoliths 10. Linking Water-Rich Asteroids to Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications for Asteroid Space Missions 11. Exploring the Possible Continuum Between Comets and Asteroids 12. Practical Applications of the ARRM Mission Related to ISRU in Support of Human Exploration 13. Other Missions to Asteroids

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Trade Review"Machine Learning for Planetary Science presents planetary scientists with a way to introduce machine learning into the research workflow as increasingly large nonlinear datasets are acquired from planetary exploration missions. The book explores research that leverages machine-learning methods to enhance our scientific understanding of planetary data and serves as a guide for selecting the right methods and tools for solving a variety of everyday problems in planetary science using machine learning. Illustrating ways to employ machine learning in practice with case studies, the book is clearly organized into four parts to provide thorough context and easy navigation. The book covers a range of issues, from data analysis on the ground to data analysis onboard a spacecraft, and from prioritization of novel or interesting observations to enhanced missions planning. This book is therefore a key resource for planetary scientists working in data analysis, missions planning, and scientific observation." --Lunar and Planetary InstitutteTable of ContentsPart I: Introduction to Machine Learning 1. Types of ML methods (supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised; classification, regression) 2. Dealing with small labeled datasets (semi-supervised learning, active learning) 3. Selecting a methodology and evaluation metrics 4. Interpreting and explaining model behavior 5. Hyperparameter optimization and training neural networks Part II: Methods of machine learning 6. The new and unique challenges of planetary missions 7. Data acquisition (PDS nodes, etc.) and Data types, projections, processing, units, etc. Part III: Useful tools for machine learning projects in planetary science 8. The Python Spectral Analysis Tool (PySAT): A Powerful, Flexible, Preprocessing and Machine Learning Library and Interface 9. Getting data from the PDS, pre-processing, and labeling it Part IV: Case studies 10. Enhancing Spatial Resolution of Remotely Sensed Imagery Using Deep Learning and/or Data Restoration 11. Surface mapping via unsupervised learning and clustering of Mercury’s Visible–Near-Infrared reflectance spectra 12. Mapping Saturn using deep learning 13. Artificial Intelligence for Planetary Data Analytics - Computer Vision to Boost Detection and Analysis of Jupiter's White Ovals in Images Acquired by the Jiram Spectrometer

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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