Geophysics Books

Book SynopsisGeophysics operations in archaeology have become well known through exposure on television. However, the technique is presented as the action of specialists and something of a mystery, where people walk about with strange contraptions, and results appear from a computer. This is not the case, however. Some scientific knowledge is needed in order to understand how the machines work and what they detect but otherwise it is only necessary to know how to handle the instruments, how to survey a field and how to interpret the computer results. This book provides all the relevant information. It explains geophysics operations in archaeology, describes the science that gives the soil properties to measure and the means by which the instruments make their measurements. Dr John Oswin is in charge of the geophysics operation of the Bath and Camerton Archaeological Society and his work has recently been the subject of a television programme. He has taught many students how to use geophysical equipment.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: “In his new work, Oswin (head, geophysics operations, Bath and Camerton Archaeological Society, UK) provides an excellent introduction to geophysics as applied to archaeological survey. … The appendixes are also quite useful as ‘user manuals’ for four common instruments and three popular data processing software programs. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All levels.” (L. D. Frame, Choice, Vol. 47 (5), January, 2010)Table of Contents1 Introduction, 1.1 Geophysics in Archaeology, 1.2 Geophysics and geology,1.3 What the pictures tell, 1.4 What this book aims to do, 2 The basic science, 2.1 Electricity, 2.2 Magnetism, 2.3 Electromagnetic waves, 3 The instruments, 3.1 Resistance meters, 3.2 Magnetometers, 3.3 Electromagnetic devices, 3.4 Ground radar, 3.5 Electronic distance measurement and GPS, 4 Understanding the results, 4.1 Download software,4.2 Pattern recognition, 4.3 Interpretation, 5 Setting up a survey, 5.1 Finding a site, 5.2 Logistics, 5.3 Laying out a grid, 5.4 Making the measurements, 5.5 Showing the results, 6 Examples, 6.1 Looking at landscapes, 6.2 Roman villas, 6.3 Sorting out periods, Glossary, Bibliographical note, Appendix A. Some real equipment controls, Appendix B. A kit list for a survey

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Book SynopsisThe study of heat transfer mechanisms in hydrothermal systems is important for understanding the basic physics behind orebody formation and mineralization in the upper crust (Bickle and Mckenzie 1987; Bjorlykke et al. 1988; Brady 1988; England and Thompson 1989; Hoisch 1991; Connolly 1997). Generally, heat energy may be transferred within the crust in the following forms: conduction, advection (including forced convection) where the heat is carried by a moving mass of rock during def- mation or by a moving uid, convection (i. e. , free convection, natural convection, buoyancy driven convection, temperature gradient driven convection) and a com- nation of these processes. Since advective ow is usually generated by a pore- uid pressure gradient, heat transfer due to advective ow is largely dependent on the pore- uid pressure gradient distribution in hydrothermal systems. A typical ex- ple of this advective ow is the upward through ow caused by lithostatic pore- uid pressure gradients within the lower crust. Extensive studies (Connolly and Ko 1995; Etheridge et al. 1983; England et al. 1987; Fyfe et al. 1978; Walther and Orville 1982; Peacock 1989; Yardley and Bottrell 1992; Hanson 1992; Yardley and Lloyd 1995; Norton and Knapp 1970) have shown that lithostatic pore- uid pressure can be built up by metamorphic uids arising from devolatilization and dehydration - actions, if the permeability is low enough to control uid ow in the lower crust.Table of ContentsDistribution of Pore-Fluid Pressure Gradient in the Crust with Temperature Neglected.- Pore-Fluid Pressure Gradients in the Crust with Heat Conduction and Advection.- Convective Heat Transfer in a Homogeneous Crust.- Convective Heat Transfer in a Heterogeneous Crust.- Pore-Fluid Focusing within Two-Dimensional Faults and Cracks of Crustal Scales with No Temperature Effects: Solutions Expressed in a Local Coordinate System.- Pore-Fluid Focusing within Two-Dimensional Faults and Cracks of Crustal Scales with No Temperature Effects: Solutions Expressed in a Global Coordinate System.- Pore-Fluid Flow Focused Transient Heat Transfer within and around Two-Dimensional Faults and Cracks of Crustal Scales.- Convective Heat Transfer within Three-Dimensional Vertical Faults Heated from Below.- Convective Heat Transfer within Three-Dimensional Inclined Faults Heated from Below.- Double-Diffusion Driven Convective Heat Transfer within Three-Dimensional Vertical Faults Heated from Below.- Convection Induced Ore Body Formation and Mineralization within the Upper Crust of the Earth.

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Book SynopsisSonar performance modelling (SPM) is concerned with the prediction of quantitative measures of sonar performance, such as probability of detection. It is a multi-disciplinary subject, requiring knowledge and expertise in the disparate fields of underwater acoustics, acoustical oceanography, sonar signal processing and statistical detection theory. No books have been published on this subject, however, since the 3rd edition of Urick’s classic work 25 years ago and so Dr Ainslie’s book will fill a much-needed gap in the market. Currently, up-to-date information can only be found, in different forms and often with conflicting information, in various journals, conference and textbook publications. Dr Michael Ainslie is eminently qualified to write this unique book. He has worked on sonar performance modeling problems since 1983. He has written many peer reviewed research articles and conference papers related to sonar performance modeling, making contributions in the fields of sound propagation and detection theory.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“This book attempts to provide a combination of information and understanding of the physics and detection theory to enable the reader to address sonar performance issues. … this book is most useful for those who need to build models of aspects of sonar performance. It will also be useful for those who need to specify, test, or evaluate models. … a source of material for someone preparing a course on underwater acoustics or sonar performance modelling. … a good reference book for an acoustics library.” (Adrian Brown, International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration, Vol. 17 (1), 2012)Table of ContentsIntroduction Essential Background The Sonar Equations Sonar Oceanography Underwater Acoustics (I): theory Sonar Signal Processing Statistical Detection Theory Underwater Acoustics (II): sources and scatterers of sound Underwater Acoustics (III): propagation effects Sonar Characteristics The Sonar Equations Revisited The Future of Sonar Performance Modelling Appendix 1: Special functions and mathematical operations Appendix 2: Units and nomenclature Appendix 3: Fish and their swim bladders.

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Book SynopsisGeophysics operations in archaeology have become well known through exposure on television. However, the technique is presented as the action of specialists and something of a mystery, where people walk about with strange contraptions, and results appear from a computer. This is not the case, however. Some scientific knowledge is needed in order to understand how the machines work and what they detect but otherwise it is only necessary to know how to handle the instruments, how to survey a field and how to interpret the computer results. This book provides all the relevant information. It explains geophysics operations in archaeology, describes the science that gives the soil properties to measure and the means by which the instruments make their measurements. Dr John Oswin is in charge of the geophysics operation of the Bath and Camerton Archaeological Society and his work has recently been the subject of a television programme. He has taught many students how to use geophysical equipment.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: “In his new work, Oswin (head, geophysics operations, Bath and Camerton Archaeological Society, UK) provides an excellent introduction to geophysics as applied to archaeological survey. … The appendixes are also quite useful as ‘user manuals’ for four common instruments and three popular data processing software programs. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All levels.” (L. D. Frame, Choice, Vol. 47 (5), January, 2010)Table of Contents1 Introduction, 1.1 Geophysics in Archaeology, 1.2 Geophysics and geology,1.3 What the pictures tell, 1.4 What this book aims to do, 2 The basic science, 2.1 Electricity, 2.2 Magnetism, 2.3 Electromagnetic waves, 3 The instruments, 3.1 Resistance meters, 3.2 Magnetometers, 3.3 Electromagnetic devices, 3.4 Ground radar, 3.5 Electronic distance measurement and GPS, 4 Understanding the results, 4.1 Download software,4.2 Pattern recognition, 4.3 Interpretation, 5 Setting up a survey, 5.1 Finding a site, 5.2 Logistics, 5.3 Laying out a grid, 5.4 Making the measurements, 5.5 Showing the results, 6 Examples, 6.1 Looking at landscapes, 6.2 Roman villas, 6.3 Sorting out periods, Glossary, Bibliographical note, Appendix A. Some real equipment controls, Appendix B. A kit list for a survey

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Book SynopsisRecent progress in numerical methods and computer science allows us today to simulate the propagation of seismic waves through realistically heterogeneous Earth models with unprecedented accuracy. Full waveform tomography is a tomographic technique that takes advantage of numerical solutions of the elastic wave equation. The accuracy of the numerical solutions and the exploitation of complete waveform information result in tomographic images that are both more realistic and better resolved. This book develops and describes state of the art methodologies covering all aspects of full waveform tomography including methods for the numerical solution of the elastic wave equation, the adjoint method, the design of objective functionals and optimisation schemes. It provides a variety of case studies on all scales from local to global based on a large number of examples involving real data. It is a comprehensive reference on full waveform tomography for advanced students, researchers and professionals.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Numerical Solution of the Elastic Wave Equation.- Computing Sensitivity Kernels.- Seismological Data Functionals and their Associated Adjoint Sources.- Iterative Optimisation.- Full Waveform Tomography for Upper-mantle Structure in Australasian Region.- A Comparative Study of Local-scale full Waveform Tomographies.- Source Staking and Data Reduction in Global full Waveform Tomography.

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Book SynopsisIn the Spring of 2000 the idea of a consortium of Mediterranean countries support- ing the Italian bid to host the 32nd International Geological Congress took off during ageological fieldtrip on the slopes ofMountVesuviushosted byProf. Bruno D'Argenio (University of Naples) with the sponsorship of SMED(the UNESCO-CNR Office for Scientific and Technological Cooperation with Mediterranean Countries). On that st occasion, the head of the Italian delegation to the coming 31 IGCProf. Gian Battista Vaichampionedthe notionthat - had the bid been accepted - such cooperationshould have not only translated into the participation of the Mediterranean countries in the organization of the future congress, but also should have been a springboard for launching a scientific project focused on the Mediterranean region and whose re- sults had to be presented at the congress. st During the 31 IGCin Riode Janeiro,after the designation of Florence bythe lUGS nd Council as the venue for the 32 IGC,the Mediterranean Consortium was set up. In its full configuration, the Consortium was an association of thirty-one Mediterra- nean and nearbycountries. Alongwith Italy,they are:Albania,Algeria,Austria, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya,Macedonia, Malta,Morocco,Palestine, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain, Switzerland, Syria,Tunisia, and Turkey. Each member country nominated a National Representative who served as a liai- son between his/her national geological community and the IGCOrganizing Commit- tee.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "It provides the current state-of-the-art on the geodynamic architecture and history of the Mediterranean region … . The TRANSMED Atlas is a very interesting work for those who are working in the Mediterranean and are in need of a concise overview of the current ideas on the geodynamic evolution of this particular region. … A great asset of this atlas is the extensive, up-to-date reference list. The atlas is very well illustrated. The CD-ROM is, moreover, very user friendly." (Manuel Sintubin, Geologica Belgica, Vol. 8 (3), 2005) Table of ContentsOne — Printed Volume.- 1 The Mediterranean Area and the Surrounding Regions: Active Processes, Remnants of Former Tethyan Oceans and Related Thrustbelts.- Abstract.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Mediterranean Fold-and-thrust Belts.- 1.3 Mediterranean Marine Basins.- 1.4 Geological-geophysical Baseline.- 1.4.1 Heat Flow.- 1.4.2 Crustal and Lithospheric Structure.- 1.4.3 Gravity.- 1.4.4 Magnetic Field.- 1.4.5 Seismicity.- 1.4.6 Geodetic Data.- 1.4.7 Stress Field.- 1.5 Global Dynamics and Active Processes Exemplified in the Mediterranean.- 1.5.1 Subduction of the Eastern Mediterranean Lithosphere beneath the Calabrian and Aegean.- 1.5.2 Rifting and Passive Margin Development in Back-arc Regions and Other MediterranRelated to Tectonic Wedges, Tilted Blocks and Sedimentary Loadingean Domains.- 1.5.3 Mud and Salt Diapirism (Eastern Mediterranean Ridge, Alboran Sea, Nile Delta).- 1.5.4 Sea-level Changes, Salinity Crisis, Flooding (Messinian Mediterranean versus Pleistocene Black Sea).- 1.6 Record of Ancient Dynamics of the Tethyan Oceans, Ophiolitic Sutures, Mantle Tomography versus Paleogeography of the Mediterranean Realm.- 1.6.1 Collisional vs. Intracontinental Thrust Belts and Oceanic Sutures.- 1.6.2 Plate Dynamics and Palinspastic Restorations: Demise of the Concept of a Single Tethys.- 1.6.3 Cenozoic Magmatism in the Mediterranean Region.- 1.7 Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- 2 A Tomographic View on Western Mediterranean Geodynamics.- Abstract.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The Global Tomography Model BS2000.- 2.3 Interpretation of Model BS2000 for the Western Mediterranean Mantle.- 2.3.1 Alps, Apennines, and the Western Mediterranean.- 2.3.2 The Betic-Rif and Alboran Region.- 2.4 Analysis: the Geodynamic Evolution of the Western Mediterranean.- 2.4.1 Tomographic Evidence for Slab Roll-back.- 2.4.2 Northern Apennines and Alpine-Tethys Subduction.- 2.4.3 Slab Detachment beneath the Central-southern Apennines.- 2.4.4 Calabria Subduction.- 2.4.5 The North African Margin.- 2.4.6 Betic-Rif and Alboran Region: I. Subduction and Roll-back of Predominantly Oceanic Lithosphere.- 2.4.7 Betic-Rif and Alboran Region: II. Development of Arc Geometry and Subduction Roll-back.- 2.4.8 Synthesis of Tomographic Constraints on the Geodynamic Evolution of the Western Mediterranean Region.- 2.5 Summary.- Acknowledgements.- Appendix 1 (CD-ROM).- Appendix 2 (CD-ROM).- 3 The TRANSMED Transects in Space and Time: Constraints on the Paleotectonic Evolution of the Mediterranean Domain.- Abstract.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 The Western Tethys Main Plate Tectonic Constraints.- 3.2.1 The East Mediterranean-Neotethys Connection.- 3.2.2 The Apulia-Adria Problem.- 3.3 The Geodynamic Evolution of Greater Apulia and Surrounding Regions.- 3.3.1 Paleotethys Evolution (Figs. 3.2–3.6).- 3.3.2 Cimmerian Events and Triassic Marginal Oceans (Figs. 3.6–3.9).- 3.3.3 The Jurassic Oceans: Alpine Tethys, Central Atlantic and Vardar (Figs. 3.8–3.11).- 3.3.4 The Cretaceous Oceans: North Atlantic and the Pyrenean Domain (Figs. 3.10–3.14).- 3.4 The TRANSMED Transects in Space and Time.- 3.4.1 Transects I-II-III West.- 3.4.2 Transects IV-V-VI.- 3.4.3 Transects III East, VII and VIII.- 3.5 Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- Appendix 3 (CD-ROM).- References: Preface, Chapters 1, 2 and 3.- References: CD-ROM.- Transect I: Iberian Meseta — Guadalquivir Basin — Betic Cordillera — Alboran Sea — Rif — Moroccan Meseta — High Atlas — Sahara Domain.- Transect II: Aquitaine Basin — Pyrenees — Ebro Basin — Catalan Coastal Ranges — Valencia Trough — Balearic Promontory — Algerian Basin — Kabylies — Atlas — Saharan Domain.- Transect III: Massif Central — Provence — Gulf of Lion — Provençal Basin — Sardinia — Tyrrhenian Basin — Southern Apennines — Apulia — Adriatic Sea — Albanian Dinarides — Balkans — Moesian Platform.- Transects IV, V and VI: The Alps and Their Forelands.- Transect VII: East European Craton — Scythian Platform — Dobrogea — Balkanides — Rhodope Massif — Hellenides — East Mediterranean — Cyrenaica.- Transect VIII: Eastern European Craton — Crimea — Black Sea — Anatolia C2014; Cyprus — Levant Sea — Sinai — Red Sea.

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Book SynopsisThe existence of neutron stars was not only a brilliant theoretical prediction, but also one of the most unexpected and astonishing discoveries of all heavenly bodies. Twenty-five years after the remarkable event of their discovery, neutron stars, which are the densest, the most strongly magnetized, and the most rapid­ ly rotating bodies in the Galaxy, remain objects of intense interest. This book is a revised and enlarged version of the original Russian edition. The last five years were marked by the discovery of a supernova in the closest galaxy and dozens of X-ray sources and millisecond pulsars, which apparently confirm the validity of the basic ideas underlying these discoveries. The author has concentrated on the astrophysical manifestations of neutron stars, which are believed mainly to be associated with the nature of their interaction with their surroundings. Naturally, this approach does not leave much room for a detailed description of the internal structure of these stars. Fortunately, there exists an excellent monograph by S. L. Shapiro and S. A. Teukolsky (Black Holes, White Dwarfs, and Neutron Stars, Wiley, New York 1985) which deals mainly with the purely physical problems. Moreover, the publication of such a book in the West partly makes amends for the lack of information about the work being done by Soviet scientists in this field.Table of Contents1. Theoretical and Observational Principles of the Astrophysics of Neutron Stars.- 1.1 Prediction.- 1.2 Accretion.- 1.3 Rotation and Magnetic Field.- 1.4 Radiopulsars.- 1.5 New Ideas.- 1.6 X-Ray Pulsars.- 1.7 X-Ray Bursters.- 1.8 Bursts and Other Sources of Gamma Rays.- 1.9 General View.- 2. Structure of Neutron Stars.- 2.1 Equilibrium of Stars.- 2.2 Exact Equilibrium Equations for Cold Stars.- 2.3 Physical Conditions Inside Neutron Stars.- 2.4 Parameters of Neutron Stars.- 2.5 Mass of Neutron Stars.- 2.6 Rotational Effects.- 3. Fluid Dynamics of Accretion.- 3.1 Spherically Symmetric Accretion.- 3.2 The Role of Radiation and Ejection.- 3.3 Spherical Accretion to a Neutron Star Without a Magnetic Field.- 3.4 Capture of Matter by a Moving Star.- 3.5 Fluid Dynamics of Cylindrical Accretion.- 3.6 Disk Accretion.- 3.7 Luminosity and Spectrum of Accretion Disks.- 3.8 Supercritical Disk Accretion.- 3.9 Accretion in Binary Systems.- 3.9.1 Overflow Through the Inner Lagrangian Point.- 3.9.2 Accretion from Stellar Wind.- 3.10 Two-Stream Accretion.- 3.11 Accretion of Magnetic Fields.- 4. Classification of Neutron Stars.- 4.1 Magnetic Dipole.- 4.2 Stopping Radius.- 4.3 Stopping Radius in the Supercritical Case.- 4.4 The Effect of a Magnetic Field.- 4.5 Gravimagnetic Parameter.- 4.6 Corotation Radius.- 4.7 Nomenclature.- 4.8 Critical Periods. The p-y and p-L Diagrams.- 5. Boundaries. Magnetospheres of Slowly Rotating Neutron Stars.- 5.1 Physical Conditions in the Alfvén Zone.- 5.2 Formulation of the Problem.- 5.3 Simple Configurations.- 5.4 Magnetosphere in Spherically Symmetric Accretion.- 5.5 Pascal’s Pressure Law.- 5.5.1 Two-Dimensional Solutions.- 5.5.2 Three-Dimensional Solutions.- 5.6 A Dipole Confined by an Ideally Conducting Disk.- 5.6.1 Two-Dimensional Model.- 5.6.2 Three-Dimensional Problem.- 5.6.3 Dipole Rotation.- 5.7 Magnetosphere in a Plane-parallel Plasma Flow.- 5.7.1 Two-Dimensional Solution.- 5.7.2 Three-Dimensional Solution.- 5.8 Two-Stream Accretion.- 6. Accreting Neutron Stars.- 6.1 Boundary Stability.- 6.1.1 Spherically Symmetric Accretion.- 6.1.2 Disk Accretion onto a Magnetized Neutron Star.- 6.1.3 Torsion of an Accretion Disk by Magnetic Forces.- 6.1.4 Magnetosphere Boundary Stability for Two-Stream Accretion.- 6.2 The Polar Column.- 6.3 Spin-up, Spin-down and Induced Precession of Accreting Stars.- 6.3.1 Spin-up Torque.- 6.3.2 Spin-down Torque.- 6.3.3 Analytical Model of Torques Applied to a Magnetized Accreting Star.- 6.3.4 Equilibrium Period.- 6.4 Observed Properties of X-Ray Pulsars.- 6.5 Energy Parameters of Pulsars and Transport of Matter in Binary Systems.- 6.6 Spectrum and Magnetic Fields.- 6.7 Periods of X-Ray Pulsars and Their Variation.- 6.7.1 Equilibrium of X-Ray Pulsars.- 6.7.2 Magnetic Fields of X-Ray Pulsars.- 6.7.3 Reasons Behind the Average Spin-up of X-Ray Pulsars.- 6.7.4 Rapid Fluctuation of Periods and Internal Structure of Neutron Stars.- 6.8 Variability of X-Ray Sources. Transients.- 6.9 Generation of Relativistic Particles.- 6.10 X-Ray Bursters.- 6.10.1 Localization and Spatial Distribution.- 6.10.2 Periodic Variations of X-Ray Flux. X-Ray Eclipses.- 6.10.3 Luminosity and Spectra of Bursters.- 6.11 Nuclear Burning at the Surface of Neutron Stars. Spherically Symmetric Model.- 6.12 Accretion to X-Ray Bursters.- 6.12.1 Accretion for ? Stars.- 7. The “Propeller” Regime.- 7.1 Quasistatic Shells.- 7.1.1 Supersonic Propeller.- 7.1.2 Subsonic Propeller.- 7.1.3 Very Rapid Propeller.- 7.1.4 Nongravitating Propeller.- 7.2 Spinning-down in the Boundary Layer.- 7.3 Two-Stream Flow Formation due to the Propeller Effect.- 7.3.1 Stationary Flow from Disks.- 7.3.2 Time-Dependent Solution.- 7.4 Dead Disks and Accumulator Disks.- 7.5 Nonstationary Disk Accretion. Model of Transient X-Ray Sources.- 7.6 Relativistic Propeller.- 7.7 Objects That Can Become Propellers.- 7.7.1 Binary Systems.- 7.7.2 Single Neutron Stars.- 8. Ejecting Stars.- 8.1 Observed Characteristics of Radiopulsars.- 8.1.1 Periods and Their Variation.- 8.1.2 Pulse Structure.- 8.1.3 Spectrum and Luminosity.- 8.1.4 Distribution of Pulsars in Space.- 8.1.5 Spatial Velocity of Radiopulsars.- 8.1.6 Pulsars and Binary Systems.- 8.2 Radiopulsars as Ejecting Neutron Stars.- 8.3 Pulsar Electrodynamics and Generation of Relativistic Particles.- 8.3.1 Vacuum Approximation.- 8.3.2 Magnetosphere in the Presence of Plasma.- 8.4 Mechanisms of Radiation.- 8.5 Caverns Around Neutron Stars.- 8.5.1 Caverns in Binary Systems.- 8.5.2 Caverns Around a Single Neutron Star.- 8.5.3 Effect of Relativistic Wind on Accretion Flow Parameters.- 8.6 Change in Radiopulsar Period.- 8.6.1 Spin-down of Pulsars and Their Magnetic Fields.- 8.6.2 Spin-up Episodes and Internal Structure of Neutron Stars.- 8.7 Evolution of Radiopulsars.- 8.7.1 Origin and Age of Pulsars.- 8.7.2 Evolution of the Radiopulsar Period.- 8.8 Spatial Velocities of Radiopulsars.- 8.9 Ejecting Stars in Binary Systems.- 8.9.1 Radiopulsars Forming Pairs with Degenerate Stars.- 8.9.2 “Reflection” Effect.- 8.9.3 Observational Evidence of the Existence of Ejecting Stars in Binary Systems.- 9. Supercritical Regimes.- 9.1 Superaccretor.- 9.1.1 Accretion Pattern.- 9.1.2 Neutrino Pulsar.- 9.1.3 Spin-up and Spin-down.- 9.2 Superejectors and Superpropellers.- 9.3 Is SS 433 a Superaccretor?.- 9.4 Other Candidates.- 10. Stars with an Anomalously Low Value of Gravimagnetic Parameter.- 10.1 Georotators.- 10.2 Binary Magnetic Systems (Magnetors).- 11. Evolution of Stars.- 11.1 Normal Stars.- 11.1.1 Single Stars.- 11.1.2 Binary Stars.- 11.2 Evolution of Neutron Stars.- 11.2.1 Evolution Equation.- 11.2.2 Statistical Description of the Ensemble of Neutron Stars.- 11.3 Neutron Star Tracks.- 11.4 Numerical Simulation of the Joint Evolution of Normal and Neutron Stars.- 11.4.1 Computational Method.- 11.4.2 Evolutionary Tracks.- 11.4.3 Simulation of X-Ray Pulsars (Stage IIA) and the Choice of Optimal Parameters.- 11.4.4 Abundance of Different Types of Systems in the Galaxy.- 11.4.5 Physical Characteristics of Neutron Stars at Various Stages of Evolution.- 11.4.6 Two Types of Radiopulsars.- 11.5 Possible Candidates.- 11.5.1 “Runaway” Stars.- 11.5.2 The SS 433 Object.- 11.5.3 “Single” Wolf-Rayet Stars.- 11.5.4 Collapse Anisotropy.- 11.5.5 Other Numerical Models.- Magnetohydrodynamic Instabilities.- Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) Instability.- Commutation Instability.- References.

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Book SynopsisA thorough introduction to the computation of celestial mechanics, covering everything from astronomical and computational theory to the construction of rapid and accurate applications programs. The book supplies the necessary knowledge and software solutions for determining and predicting positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, minor planets and comets, solar eclipses, stellar occultations by the Moon, phases of the Moon and much more. This completely revised edition takes advantage of C++, and individual applications may be efficiently realized through the use of a powerful module library. The accompanying CD-ROM contains the complete, fully documented and commented source codes as well as executable programs for Windows 98/2000/XP and LINUX.Table of Contents1 Introduction.- 2 Coordinate Systems.- 3 Calculation of Rising and Setting Times.- 4 Cometary Orbits.- 5 Special Perturbations.- 6 Planetary Orbits.- 7 Physical Ephemerides of the Planets.- 8 The Orbit of the Moon.- 9 Solar Eclipses.- 10 Stellar Occultations.- 11 Orbit Determination.- 12 Astrometry.- A.1 The Accompanying CD-ROM.- A.1.1 Contents.- A.1.2 System Requirements.- A.1.3 Executing the Programs.- A.2 Compiling and Linking the Programs.- A.2.1 General Advice on Computer-Specific Modifications.- A.2.2 Microsoft Visual C++ for Windows 98/2000/XP.- A.2.3 GNU C++ for Linux.- A.3 List of the Library Functions.- Symbols.

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Book SynopsisIntroduction: Charting the Course for Energy Transformation.- Crafting Value in a Carbon-Conscious World.- Unveiling the Secrets of Seismic Waves.- Petro-Physical Marvels and Rock Physics Wonders.- Quantum Leap in Seismic Interpretation (QI) Technologies.- Seismic Alchemy for Reservoir Characterization.- Reservoir Revolution through 3D/4D Seismic.- Bridging the Gap: Seismic to Simulation (S2S) and Front End Loading (FEL).- Innovations Shaping Seismic to Reservoir Excellence.

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Book SynopsisBasic Characteristics of Oil, Natural Gas, and Oilfield Water.- Formation of Oil and Natural Gas.- Reservoirs and Cap Rocks.- Hydrocarbon Migration.

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Book SynopsisMathematics is a universal language. Differential equations, mathematical modeling, numerical methods and computation form the underlying infrastructure of engineering and the sciences. In this context mathematical modeling is a very powerful tool for studying engineering problems, natural systems and human society. This interdisciplinary book contains a comprehensive overview, including practical examples, of the progress achieved to date in the modeling of coupled phenomena, computational mathematics and mechanics, heat transfer, fluid-structure interactions, biomechanics, and the flow of mass and energy in porous media. Numerical subjects such as grid generation, optimization, finite elements, finite differences, spectral methods, boundary elements, finite volumes and meshless methods are also discussed in detail using real examples.The book provides a thorough presentation of the existing numerical techniques with specific applications to concrete, practical topics. The mTable of ContentsPREFACE - General Introduction to Coupled Phenomena. Karsten PruessPART 1. COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS, MODELING AND NUMERICAL METHODS PART 2. COUPLED PROBLEMS IN FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTIONS AND IN HEAT TRANSFER PART 3. COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS OF FLUIDS AND SOLIDS, MULTIPHYSICS, BIOMECHANICS PART 4. FLOW OF MASS AND ENERGY IN POROUS MEDIA PART 5. BOUNDARY ELEMENTS, SPECTRAL AND MESHLESS METHODS. NUMERICAL OPTIMIZATION.

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Book SynopsisIn hard rock terrain, shallow water wells generally have a poor to moderate yield. Sinking wells deeply to tap yielding fracture zones often backfires, because the borehole may miss the saturated fracture zones at depths. A wrong approach to groundwater exploration in hard rock has therefore often led to unnecessary recurring expenditures and waste of time, something that could have been avoided by a systematic and proper geophysical approach. The combination of various geophysical techniques with environmental conditions is essential to constrain the interpretation and reduce uncertainties in this respect. This book presents the approach to groundwater exploration in hard rocks, various geophysical techniques and combinations to be used, interpretation of data with case studies and drilling results and the preparation of different utility maps. Trade ReviewGeophysics is about physics of the earth, its physical property variations and their response to induced perturbation giving a comprehensive insight into sub-surface hydrogeological conditions. I have rarely come across such a masterly treatment of the subject, so comprehensive, and penned in such a lucid language and student friendly style as in the book under review. The author P.C. Chandra, an eminent hydro-geophysicist, formerly Regional Director of Central Ground Water Board, has spent a major part of his career in the hard rock terrains of peninsular states and eastern India, namely the basement complex and Deccan traps. He has distilled his knowledge and experience gained in his more than three decades of field surveys in the pages of this book and enriched it with his priceless case studies. There are very few professionals in the country like Chandra who after superannuation from government service return to the academia prompted by sheer love of science and an urge to transmit the acquired knowledge to the young scientists, and ignite their inquisitive minds. Almost all aspects of hard rock hydro-geophysics from the perspectives of this subcontinent have been succinctly dealt with in the book. The author has also not forgotten to add a brief section on future scope of research in this field. Neat illustrations, valuable data tables, reference lists with each chapter for future study and error free quality printing mark the book as a ‘must read’ Manual for all, – graduate and post-graduate students, research scholars, teachers, and practicing groundwater geologists and geophysicists alike. I have no doubt that it will be a treasured keep in the Reference Libraries of Universities and Institutes teaching and practicing hydrogeology and geophysics. Truly the book is a masterpiece, a stellar contribution of P.C. Chandra to geoscience education. It is a tribute to his four decade long dedicated pursuit of geophysics.Subhajyoti Das, Geological Society of India vol. 88 (August 2016)"This work is one of several recently published textbooks on the important topic of geophysics for groundwater studies. As the title states, this particular text focuses almost exclusively on hard rock aquifers, which include the weathered zone, and mostly excludes soft rock terrains typified by carbonates and sulfates. Surface geophysical methods emphasized in this textbook include individual chapters that address the magnetic, resistivity, self-potential, mise-a-la-masse, and electromagnetic techniques. Borehole geophysical methods are relegated to one chapter that covers typical methods, such as spontaneous potential, gamma, caliper, and neutron techniques. An important aspect of the textbook is the discussion on planning geophysical investigations; the reviewer believes this should have further emphasized the importance of geological studies prior to initiating a geophysical investigation (to better target the geophysical investigation and the integration of a geophysical survey) because application of a single technique is rarely adequate. The limited use of mathematics, the basic discussion of geophysical methods, and the very brief case history discussions make for a reasonably good introductory text on the importance of geophysical investigations for groundwater investigations in hard rock terrains.Summing Up: Recommended. Lower-division undergraduates through faculty; professionals"M. S. Field, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in 'Choice', January 2017 issueGeophysics is about physics of the earth, its physical property variations and their response to induced perturbation giving a comprehensive insight into sub-surface hydrogeological conditions. I have rarely come across such a masterly treatment of the subject, so comprehensive, and penned in such a lucid language and student friendly style as in the book under review. The author P.C. Chandra, an eminent hydro-geophysicist, formerly Regional Director of Central Ground Water Board, has spent a major part of his career in the hard rock terrains of peninsular states and eastern India, namely the basement complex and Deccan traps. He has distilled his knowledge and experience gained in his more than three decades of field surveys in the pages of this book and enriched it with his priceless case studies. There are very few professionals in the country like Chandra who after superannuation from government service return to the academia prompted by sheer love of science and an urge to transmit the acquired knowledge to the young scientists, and ignite their inquisitive minds. Almost all aspects of hard rock hydro-geophysics from the perspectives of this subcontinent have been succinctly dealt with in the book. The author has also not forgotten to add a brief section on future scope of research in this field. Neat illustrations, valuable data tables, reference lists with each chapter for future study and error free quality printing mark the book as a ‘must read’ Manual for all, – graduate and post-graduate students, research scholars, teachers, and practicing groundwater geologists and geophysicists alike. I have no doubt that it will be a treasured keep in the Reference Libraries of Universities and Institutes teaching and practicing hydrogeology and geophysics. Truly the book is a masterpiece, a stellar contribution of P.C. Chandra to geoscience education. It is a tribute to his four decade long dedicated pursuit of geophysics. Subhajyoti Das, Geological Society of India vol. 88 (August 2016) "This work is one of several recently published textbooks on the important topic of geophysics for groundwater studies. As the title states, this particular text focuses almost exclusively on hard rock aquifers, which include the weathered zone, and mostly excludes soft rock terrains typified by carbonates and sulfates. Surface geophysical methods emphasized in this textbook include individual chapters that address the magnetic, resistivity, self-potential, mise-a-la-masse, and electromagnetic techniques. Borehole geophysical methods are relegated to one chapter that covers typical methods, such as spontaneous potential, gamma, caliper, and neutron techniques. An important aspect of the textbook is the discussion on planning geophysical investigations; the reviewer believes this should have further emphasized the importance of geological studies prior to initiating a geophysical investigation (to better target the geophysical investigation and the integration of a geophysical survey) because application of a single technique is rarely adequate. The limited use of mathematics, the basic discussion of geophysical methods, and the very brief case history discussions make for a reasonably good introductory text on the importance of geophysical investigations for groundwater investigations in hard rock terrains.Summing Up: Recommended. Lower-division undergraduates through faculty; professionals"M. S. Field, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in 'Choice', January 2017 issueTable of Contents1 Groundwater issues in hard rock & geophysics; 2 Introduction to the hydrogeology of hard rock; 3 Introduction to geophysical investigations in hard rock; 4 Planning of geophysical surveys; 5 The magnetic method; 6 The electrical resistivity method; 7 The self potential method; 8 The mise-a-la-masse method; 9 The frequency domain electromagnetic method; 10 The very low frequency electromagnetic method; 11 The time domain electromagnetic method; 12 The borehole geophysical logging methods; 13 Integrated geophysical survey; 14 Geophysical methods in management of aquifer recharge & groundwater contamination study

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Book SynopsisGravity and magnetic methods can be directly related to physical properties of rocks, i.e. the density and the susceptibility, and are very useful to field geologists and geophysicists in the mapping and identification of various rock types. They are also used for the detection of minerals with large contrast in density and susceptibility compared to country rock. This reference volume consists of two parts: The first part describes the basic principles and methodology of the gravity and the magnetic methods of geophysical exploration with global examples. It deals with geological studies and gravity & magnetic methods; geodynamic studies (plate tectonics, crustal structures, plume tectonics); resource exploration (geological mapping, hydrocarbon, mineral and groundwater exploration); environmental studies (seismotectonics, engineering sites, climate changes, mining geophysics, volcanoes and volcanic activity, landslides, impact craters) and different modes of surveying. The Table of ContentsPart I: Methodology with Global Examples (Continental, Marine and Airborne – Satellite Surveys): 1. Introduction 2. Gravity Method 3. Magnetic Methods 4. Common Data Processing Methods and Parameter Estimation - Digital Signal ProcessingPart II Integrated Exploration of Indian Plate and Resources (Geodynamics, Seismotectonics, Hydrocarbons, Minerals, Groundwater, Environment and Engineering Sites): 5. Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics: Reconstructions, Gondwanaland Break-Up, Plumes and Drifting of Indian Plate 6. Collision of Indian and Eurasian Plates and Seismotectonics: Himalayan and Tibetan Terrains 7. Geodynamics of the Indian Continent and Seismotectonics: Isostasy, Archean – Proterozoic Cratons, Collision Zones, Rift Basins, Plumes and Lithosphere, and it’s Flexure 8. Seismotectonics and Geodynamics: Bhuj, New Madrid and Sumatra Earthquakes and Tsunami with Co-Seismic Changes 9. Resource Exploration and Geodynamics: Hydrocarbons, Groundwater, and Minerals 10. Some Typical Environmental and Engineering Studies: Near Surface Geophysics

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Book SynopsisContinental Drift: Colliding Continents, Converging Cultures is as much an account of the impressions Western culture made on Constantin Roman as a young researcher from behind the Iron Curtain as a personal history of the developing new science of plate tectonics. The book elucidates the author''s struggles against a web of bureaucracy to secure his rights in the free world while exploring historical events. A refined observer of the contrast of cultures between East and West, Roman''s personal story relates his encounters with eminent scientists, artists, and embassy officials.Constantin Roman defied communist restrictions by coming to England in 1968 on a NATO travel grant. After being encouraged by Keith Runcorn at the University of Newcastle to stay in Britain for a higher degree, he received a Ph.D. scholarship at the University of Cambridge. This is where he studied under Sir Edward Bullard when plate tectonics was in its infancy, when the concepts of continental drift aTrade Review"…a lively and interesting read."-Cambridge University PressTable of ContentsDedications. Epigraph. Author Biography. Foreword. Acknowledgments. Preface. The DNA Signature. Nato Secret. Paris Student Riots. Pet on One Pound a Day. The Rat Race. Lotus-Eater. Suggested Reading. Index.

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Book Synopsis1: The Main Tsunamigenic Zones in the Mediterranean Sea.- 2: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. ANCIENT TSUNAMIS.- 3: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 1st16th CENTURIES.- 4: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 17th18th CENTURIES.- 5: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 19th CENTURY.- 6: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 20th CENTURY.- 7: Study of Tsunamis in Greece and Italy at the Turn of the Millenium.- Appendix 1: Main parameters of tsunamis in the Mediterranean Sea.- Appendix 2: List of tsunamigenic events in the Mediterranean Sea.- Appendix 3: Equivalents of the International System Units to units of other countries and to extra-system units.- References.- Index of Geographic Names.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Structure of the Catalogue. 1. The Main Tsunamigenic Zones in the Mediterranean Sea. 2. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. Ancient Tsunamis. 3. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 1st - 16th Centuries. 4. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 17th - 18th Centuries. 5. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 19th Century. 6. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 20th Century. 7. Study of Tsunamis in Greece and Italy at the Turn of the Millennium. Appendices. References. Index of Geographic Names.

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Book SynopsisThis is the third volume of the five-volume book series âœEngineering Tools for Environmental Risk Managementâ. The book series deals with the following topics:â Environmental deterioration and pollution, management of environmental problemsâ Environmental toxicology â a tool for managing chemical substances and contaminated environmentâ Assessment and monitoring tools, risk assessmentâ Risk reduction measures and technologiesâ Case studies for demonstration of the application of engineering toolsThe authors aim to describe interactions and options in risk management by providing a broad scientific overview of the environment, its human uses and the associated local, regional and global environmental problems; interpreting the holistic approach used in solving environmental protection issues; striking a balance between natureâs needs and engineering capabilities; understanding interactions between regulation, management and engineering; obtaining informTable of ContentsIntegrated and efficient characteriaation of contaminated sitesMonitoring and early warning in environmental managementIn situ and real-time measurements in water monitoringIn situ and real-time measurements for effective soil and contaminated site managementDynamic site characterization for brownfield risk managementEnvironmental geochemistry modeling: Methods and applicationsPotential of cyclodextrins in risk assessment and monitoring of organic contaminants

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Book Synopsis1 Finding Your Way Around the Sky.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Constellations.- 1.3 Star Hopping.- 1.4 Positions in the Sky.- 1.5 Star Charts and Other Helpful Items.- 2 Your Telescope and How to get the Best Out of It.- 2.1 Telescope Designs.- 2.2 Eyepieces.- 2.3 Collimation.- 2.4 Mountings.- 2.5 Optics.- 2.6 Cleaning and Aluminising.- 2.7 Dewing-up.- 2.8 Observing Techniques.- 2.9 Twinkling.- 2.10 Finder Charts.- 2.11 Keeping a Log Book.- 2.12 Discoveries.- 3 The Sun.- 3.1 Warning.- 3.2 Observing the Sun.- 3.3 Solar Observing Programmes.- 3.4 More Advanced Work.- 4 The Moon.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Naked-eye Work and Binoculars.- 4.3 The Moon through the Telescope.- 4.4 An Optimum Telescope for Lunar Work.- 4.5 More Advanced Investigations.- 5 The Planets and Minor Solar System Objects.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.- 5.3 Uranus, Neptune, Pluto and the Asteroids.- 6 Comets.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Cometary Orbits.- 6.3 The Structure of Comets.- 6.4 Origins.- 6.5 Famous Comets.- 6.6 Nomenclature of Comets.- 6.7 Observing Comets.- 7 Stars.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Brightness.- 7.3 Variable Stars.- 7.4 Visual Double and Binary Stars.- 7.5 Star Clusters.- 8 Nebulae.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Gas and Dust Clouds.- 8.3 Dark Nebulae.- 8.4 Reflection Nebulae.- 8.5 Emission Nebulae.- 8.6 Supernova Remnants.- 8.7 Planetary Nebulae.- 9 Galaxies.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Spiral Galaxies.- 9.3 Elliptical Galaxies.- 9.4 Irregular Galaxies.- 9.5 Quasars, Seyfert Galaxies and Other Active Galaxies.- 10 Unaided Observations.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 The Moon.- 10.3 The Sun.- 10.4 Meteors.- 10.5 The Milky Way, the Zodiacal Light and Aurorae.- 10.6 Comets and Planets.- 10.7 Spacecraft.- 10.8 UFOs.- 11 Advanced Work.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Nebular and Light-pollution Filters.- 11.3 Colour Filters.- 11.4 Photography with Your Telescope.- 11.5 CCDs.- 11.6 Photometry.- 11.7 Occultations.- 11.8 Computers in Astronomy.- 11.9 Spectroscopy.- Appendix 1: Astronomical Societies.- Appendix 2: Bibliography.- Appendix 3: Messier and Caldwell Catalogues.- Appendix 4: A Selection of Choice Astronomical Objects for Viewing.- Appendix 5: The Greek Alphabet.- Appendix 6: Constellations.- Appendix 7: Useful World-Wide-Web and Internet Addresses.- Appendix 8: Terminology.Table of Contents1 Finding Your Way Around the Sky.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Constellations.- 1.2.1 Getting Started.- 1.2.2 Moving Onwards.- 1.3 Star Hopping.- 1.4 Positions in the Sky.- 1.5 Star Charts and Other Helpful Items.- 2 Your Telescope and How to get the Best Out of It.- 2.1 Telescope Designs.- 2.1.1 The Refractor.- 2.1.2 The Newtonian Reflector.- 2.1.3 The Cassegrain Reflector.- 2.1.4 The Schmidt-Cassegrain Telescope.- 2.2 Eyepieces.- 2.2.1 Magnification.- 2.2.2 Other Properties of Eyepieces.- 2.2.3 Choosing an Eyepiece.- 2.3 Collimation.- 2.4 Mountings.- 2.4.1 The Equatorial Mounting.- 2.4.2 The Alt-Azimuth Mounting.- 2.5 Optics.- 2.5.1 Light Grasp.- 2.5.2 Resolution.- 2.6 Cleaning and Aluminising.- 2.7 Dewing-up.- 2.8 Observing Techniques.- 2.8.1 Dark Adaption.- 2.8.2 Averted Vision.- 2.8.3 Seeing.- 2.8.4 Finding.- 2.8.5 Guiding.- 2.8.6 Apodisation.- 2.9 Twinkling.- 2.10 Finder Charts.- 2.11 Keeping a Log Book.- 2.12 Discoveries.- 3 The Sun.- 3.1 Warning.- 3.2 Observing the Sun.- 3.2.1 Stopping-down.- 3.2.2 Eyepiece Projection.- 3.2.3 Full-aperture Filters.- 3.2.4 Solar Diagonals.- 3.2.5 Finding the Sun.- 3.3 Solar Observing Programmes.- 3.4 More Advanced Work.- 3.4.1 The Prominence Spectroscope.- 3.4.2 The H-? Filter.- 3.4.3 The Spectrohelioscope.- 3.4.4 The Coronagraph.- 3.4.5 Solar Spectroscopy.- 4 The Moon.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Naked-eye Work and Binoculars.- 4.3 The Moon through the Telescope.- 4.4 An Optimum Telescope for Lunar Work.- 4.5 More Advanced Investigations.- 5 The Planets and Minor Solar System Objects.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.- 5.2.1 Mercury.- 5.2.2 Venus.- 5.2.3 Mars.- 5.2.4 Jupiter.- 5.2.5 Saturn.- 5.3 Uranus, Neptune, Pluto and the Asteroids.- 6 Comets.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Cometary Orbits.- 6.2.1 Long-period Comets.- 6.2.2 Short-period Comets.- 6.2.3 Orbital Inclinations.- 6.3 The Structure of Comets.- 6.3.1 Composition.- 6.3.2 Coma and Tail.- 6.3.3 The View from Earth.- 6.4 Origins.- 6.5 Famous Comets.- 6.5.1 Halley’s Comet.- 6.5.2 Kohoutek’s Comet.- 6.5.3 Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9.- 6.6 Nomenclature of Comets.- 6.7 Observing Comets.- 6.7.1 Observing Information.- 6.7.2 What You Can Observe.- 6.7.3 Discovering Comets.- 7 Stars.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Brightness.- 7.2.1 Magnitudes.- 7.2.2 Estimating Visual Magnitudes.- 7.3 Variable Stars.- 7.3.1 Observing Variable Stars.- 7.3.2 Types of Variable Star.- 7.4 Visual Double and Binary Stars.- 7.5 Star Clusters.- 7.5.1 Galactic Clusters.- 7.5.2 Globular Clusters.- 8 Nebulae.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Gas and Dust Clouds.- 8.3 Dark Nebulae.- 8.3.1 Introduction.- 8.3.2 Nebulae.- 8.4 Reflection Nebulae.- 8.4.1 Introduction.- 8.4.2 Nebulae.- 8.5 Emission Nebulae.- 8.5.1 Introduction.- 8.5.2 The Spectra of Emission Nebulae and Planetary Nebulae.- 8.5.3 Nebulae.- 8.6 Supernova Remnants.- 8.6.1 Introduction.- 8.6.2 Nebulae.- 8.7 Planetary Nebulae.- 8.7.1 Introduction.- 8.7.2 Nebulae.- 9 Galaxies.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Spiral Galaxies.- 9.2.1 Observing Spiral Galaxies.- 9.3 Elliptical Galaxies.- 9.4 Irregular Galaxies.- 9.5 Quasars, Seyfert Galaxies and Other Active Galaxies.- 10 Unaided Observations.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 The Moon.- 10.3 The Sun.- 10.4 Meteors.- 10.5 The Milky Way, the Zodiacal Light and Aurorae.- 10.6 Comets and Planets.- 10.7 Spacecraft.- 10.8 UFOs.- 11 Advanced Work.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Nebular and Light-pollution Filters.- 11.2.1 Introduction.- 11.2.2 Nebular Filters.- 11.2.3 Light-pollution Filters.- 11.2.4 Comet Filters.- 11.2.5 Practical Considerations.- 11.3 Colour Filters.- 11.3.1 Introduction.- 11.3.2 Types and Fittings.- 11.3.3 Planetary Observations.- 11.3.4 Imaging.- 11.3.5 Tri-colour Imaging.- 11.4 Photography with Your Telescope.- 11.4.1 Introduction.- 11.4.2 Piggyback Photography.- 11.4.3 Cameras for Telescopes.- 11.4.4 Focal Plane Photography through the Telescope.- 11.4.5 Using Telecompressors.- 11.4.6 Use of a Tele-extender for Eyepiece Projection.- 11.4.7 Guiding.- 11.4.8 Choice of Film and Processing.- 11.4.9 Projects.- 11.5 CCDs.- 11.5.1 Introduction.- 11.5.2 Camcorders.- 11.5.3 Purpose-designed CCD Cameras.- 11.5.4 CCD Chips.- 11.5.5 Sensitivity to Light.- 11.5.6 Astrometric Measurements.- 11.6 Photometry.- 11.6.1 Introduction.- 11.6.2 Photographic Photometry.- 11.6.3 Photometers.- 11.6.4 Filter Sets.- 11.6.5 CCD Photometry.- 11.6.6 Observing Projects.- 11.7 Occultations.- 11.7.1 Introduction.- 11.7.2 Lunar Occultations.- 11.7.3 Asteroid Occultations.- 11.7.4 Satellite Eclipses and Mutual Events.- 11.8 Computers in Astronomy.- 11.8.1 Introduction.- 11.8.2 Choice of Computer.- 11.8.3 “Planetarium” Programs.- 11.8.4 Databases.- 11.8.5 Ephemerides.- 11.8.6 Images and Image Processing.- 11.8.7 Data Processing.- 11.8.8 The Internet.- 11.9 Spectroscopy.- 11.9.1 Introduction.- 11.9.2 Objective Prisms.- 11.9.3 The Direct Vision Spectrograph.- 11.9.4 Slit Spectrographs.- 11.9.5 Observing Projects in Spectroscopy.- Appendix 1: Astronomical Societies.- Appendix 2: Bibliography.- Appendix 3: Messier and Caldwell Catalogues.- Appendix 4: A Selection of Choice Astronomical Objects for Viewing.- Appendix 5: The Greek Alphabet.- Appendix 6: Constellations.- Appendix 7: Useful World-Wide-Web and Internet Addresses.- Appendix 8: Terminology.

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Book SynopsisTerrestrial Ecosystem Research Infrastructures: Challenges and Opportunities reveals how environmental research infrastructures (RIs) provide new valuable insights on ecological processes that cannot be realized by more traditional short-term funding cycles and are integral to understand our changing world. This book bonds the latest state-of-the-science knowledge on environmental RIs, the challenges in creating them, their place in addressing scientific frontiers, and the new perspectives they bear. Each chapter is thoughtfully invested with fresh viewpoints from the environmental RI vantage as the authors explore and explain many topics such as the rationale and challenges in global change, field and modeling platforms, new tools, challenges in data management, distilling information into knowledge, and new developments in large-scale RIs. This work serves an advantageous guide for academics and practitioners alike who aim to deepen their knowledge in the field ofTrade Review"A long overdue and fine analysis of the importance of ecosystems and ecosystem research in this time of global change. This should be required reading for any one concerned about achieving truly sustainable development."— Thomas E. Lovejoy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States"…is a timely and comprehensive account of the emergence of large-scale ecological research infrastructure, worldwide. A fortunate convergence between the need to address emerging ecological problems with the technology to understand pattern and process at ecosystem scale has led to dramatic progress in this field. The ability to combine automated sensors, remote sensing, computational power and data management techniques has provided ecologists with a whole new toolbox. It brings with it new challenges of organization and design in order to provide an infrastructure which is fit-for-use, multi-institutional, adaptive and durable. This volume covers the learning achieved so far in implementing research platforms of this kind." — Robert J Scholes, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"… a very timely book. Large-scale infrastructures are essential to advance our understanding of the Earth System at a variety of scales. The establishment of these is often difficult as it conflicts with traditional short term funding cycles. This book comes at a time when several such large-scale ecological infrastructures are indeed being established worldwide based on a plethora of new scientific ideas and. It deals however not only with the science questions driving the need for infrastructures, but importantly also with crucial issues such as data quality and accessibility and the introduction and development of new technologies. The editors have done a great job in producing this much-needed overview that will enable a new generation of scientists and other users to appreciate the need, value and benefits of large scale infrastructures."— Han Dolman, Free University Amsterdam, Netherlands"This volume describes how to approach contemporary global environmental challenges with large and integrated experimental and monitoring infrastructure, including the scientific and engineering platforms necessary to acquire, evaluate, maintain, interpret, and synthesize vast amounts of data in order to produce useful knowledge. Building and connecting research infrastructure across the globe is a frontier science and this book, edited by Abbad Chabbi and Hank Loescher provides valuable lessons learned to date from a number of aspects of networked activities worldwide."— Jill Baron, U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins, Colorado, USATable of ContentsPreface: Goals and Structure of This Book. Editors. Contributors. Section I Ecosystem Research Infrastructures: The Need to Address Global Change and Associated Challenges. Section II A New Generation of Controlled Environment, Field, and Modeling Platforms. Section III New Tools to meet New Challenges: Emerging Technologies for Exploring Unknown Ecosystem Processes. Section IV Data Management and Access. Section V Infrastructure Integration and Perspectives. Index.

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Book SynopsisThese three works cover the entire field of formation evaluation, from basic concepts and theories, through standard methods used by the petroleum industry, on to new and exciting applications in environmental science and engineering, hydrogeology, and other fields. Designed to be used individually or as a set, these volumes represent the first comprehensive assessment of all exploration methodologies. No other books offer the breadth of information and range of applications available in this set.Trade Review"…fundamental knowledge and general rules of well logging are gathered and clearly presented and the reviewed book can play important role in the education of log analysts."-Jadwiga Jarzyna, Environmental ProtectionTable of ContentsCONTENTS: Resistivity Methods. Focused Resistivity Methods. Induction Methods. Resistivity Log Interpretation. Spontaneous Potentials. Natural Gamma Radiation. Gamma Ray Spectroscopy. Neutron Porosity Logging. Neutron Activation Methods. Formation Evaluation - Standard Methods. Index.

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Book SynopsisHandbook of Ecotoxicology, Second Edition focuses on toxic substances and how they affect ecosystems worldwide. It presents methods for quantifying and measuring ecotoxicological effects in the field and in the lab, as well as methods for estimating, predicting, and modeling in ecotoxicology studies. Completely revised and updated with 18 new chapters, this second edition includes contributions from over 75 international experts. Also, a Technical Review Board reviewed all manuscripts for accuracy and currency. This authoritative work is the definitive reference for students, researchers, consultants, and other professionals in the environmental sciences, toxicology, chemistry, biology, and ecology - in academia, industry, and government.Trade Review"… This book is destined to be the reference of ecotoxicology, offers a valuable overview of the subject, and constitutes a valuable guide to students, researchers, consultants and other professionals in environmental sciences, toxicology, chemistry, biology, and ecology." - International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2004Table of ContentsQuantifying and Measuring Ecotoxicological Effects. Contaminant Sources and Effects. Case Histories and Ecosystem Surveys. Methods for Making Estimates and Predictability in Ecotoxicology. Special Issues in Ecotoxicology.

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Book SynopsisAlthough the origin of Earth's and other celestial bodies' magnetic fields remains unknown, we do know that the motion of electrically conducting fluids generates and maintains these fields, forming the basis of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and, to a larger extent, dynamo theory. Answering the need for a comprehensive, interdisciplinary introduction to this area, Mathematical Aspects of Natural Dynamos provides a foundation in dynamo theory before moving on to modeling aspects of natural dynamos.Bringing together eminent international contributors, the book first introduces governing equations, outlines the kinematic dynamo theory, covers nonlinear effects, including amplitude saturation and polarity reversals, and discusses fluid dynamics. After establishing this base, the book describes the Earth's magnetic field and the current understanding of its characteristics. Subsequent chapters examine other planets in our solar system and the magnetic field of stars, including the sun. The book also addresses dynamo action on the large scale of galaxies, presents modeling experiments of natural dynamos, and speculates about future research directions.After reading this well-illustrated, thorough, and unified exploration, you will be well prepared to embark on your own journey through this fascinating area of research.Trade Review"Dormy and Soward are the editors of the book, they have done a magnificent job in taking what was evidently a series of paper written by scientists from around the world and combining them into a single book that has a consistent tone throughout out." – In Books-on-Line, August 2007". . . the quality of the text is high, and the content is far from reiterating previous works . . . highly recommended; particularly those new to the field, but also as a reference and refresher for those already immersed in the topic." – Graeme Sarson, University of Newcastle, in GAFD, September 2008Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction to Self-Excited Dynamo Action. Nonlinearities and Saturation. Dynamics of Rotating Fluids. The Geodynamo. Planetary Dynamos. Stellar Dynamos. Galactic Dynamos. Survey of Experimental Results. Prospects. Appendices. References. Indices.

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Book SynopsisThis new anthology is a comprehensive introduction to the field of risk theory. The introduction provides the ideal starting point for students and professionals new to risk studies and offers a concise refresher for researchers and practitioners. Coverage includes the origins of the 'concept of risk' and its often misunderstood cousin 'uncertainty,' before moving on to address risk perception, risk communication, the idea of trust and post trust as well as risk in policy and regulation with a close look at the Precautionary Principle. Following the introduction, the volume includes a selection of the most significant and influential works on risk in their entirety. These selections, organized thematically to cover the breadth and depth of the field, provide greater detail and elaborate on the key themes and major developments in risk studies. Together they comprise the essential literature necessary for a full understanding of risk theory and practice on any issue and in any context.Trade Review�The collection of papers selected for this volume provides an excellent and representative overview of risk research in philosophical, psychological and social perspectives. This reader combines, in a unique way, breadth, substance and relevance.� ORTWIN RENN, Professor and Chair of Environmental Sociology, Stuttgart State University, Germany �L�fstedt and Boholm show the complexity of risk decisions and the richness of risk research, with a collection ranging from seminal articles to current research. It will reward students, scholars, officials, and citizens trying to follow the action in risk controversies.� BARUCH FISCHHOFF, Howard Heinz University Professor, Carnegie Mellon University, and former President of the Society for Risk Analysis 'The Earthscan Reader on Risk is an excellent introduction for students, professionals, and even lay readers.' 'Especially recommended as a refresher text for researchers or practitioners in the field of risk management, as well as for college and university library collections' The Midwest Book Review, 2009.Table of ContentsPart I: The Concept of Risk * The Policy Implications of Differing Concepts of Risk * A Philosophical Perspective on Risk * Uncertain Times * The Notion of 'Risk' and the Development of Modernity * Part II: Risk Perception * Gender, Race, and Perceived Risk* How Safe is Safe Enough? A Psychometric Study of Attitudes towards Technological Risks and Benefits * Risk as Feelings * Part III: Communication about Risk * Accounting for the Social Context of Risk Communication * Risk Communication and Management in the 21st Century * Part IV: Trust and Post-Trust * Exploring the Dimensionality of Trust in Risk Regulation * Salient Value Similarity, Social Trust, and Risk/Benefit Perception * Part V: Policy and Regulation * Risk-based Decision Analysis in Support of Precautionary Policies * Risk Regulation Under Pressure: Problem Solving or Blame Shifting? * The Precautionary Principle and its Policy Implications * Uncertainty and Environmental Learning:* Index

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Book SynopsisOne of the major problems facing practitioners and scientists working with water management is how to integrate knowledge and experiences from scientific, policy and stakeholder perspectives. In this book this science-policy-stakeholder interface (SPSI) is examined both analytically and through the description of practical experiences from river basins in Europe, India and South-East Asia. These include the Tungabhadra (India), Sesan (Vietnam/Cambodia), Tagus (Spain/Portugal) and Glomma (Norway), which particularly highlight issues associated with pollution, severely altered river flows and transboundary conflicts. Following two chapters which lay the framework for the book the authors describe how SPSI was managed in the case study basins and how stakeholder participation and scenarios were used to integrate different perspectives, and to facilitate the communication of different forms of knowledge. Four important aspects of water management and SPSI are then discussed; these are water pollution, land and water interaction, environmental flow and transboundary water regimes. Short descriptions of the case study rivers are provided together with analyses of how SPSI was managed in water management in these basins and policy recommendations for the basins. The book concludes by providing a series of recommendations for improving the science-policy-stakeholder interface in water management. It represents a major step forward in our understanding of how to implement integrated water resources management. Trade Review'There is a fast growing field of interest around the coupling between scientific results and policy uptake. This highly updated book reflects upon these issues in the context water management. An important feature of the book is the discussion of science-policy interfacing needs with practical examples from four river large basins. The book will be a valuable reference for others engaging in research for sustainable development as well as policy-makers and stakeholders involved in IWRM implementation and development.' Philippe Quevauviller, DG Research, European Commission, and Dept. of Hydrology and Hydrological Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) 'Integrating different forms of experts' and local knowledge is increasingly needed to cope with the challenge of managing complex socio-ecological systems. This book, by a highly interdisciplinary, multinational team, describes and reflects upon sustainability challenges in the context of integrated water resource management (IWRM). The authors' analysis of these challenges, however, translates beyond the water context into useful insights for a much broader community of sustainability-oriented researchers and practitioners.' Carlo Sessa, Institute of Studies for the Integration of Systems. RomeTable of ContentsList of Contributors Acronyms Preface 1. Introduction: The Science-Policy-Stakeholder Interface (SPSI) 2. Putting the 'Integration' In Science-Policy-Stakeholders Interface 3. SPSI and Stakeholder Participation 4. The Science-Policy-Stakeholder Interface in Sustainable Water Management: Creating Interactive, Participatory Scenarios Together with Stakeholders 5. The Science-Policy-Stakeholders Interface in Water Pollution Assessment 6. The Science-Policy-Stakeholder-Interface (SPSI) in Land and Water Use Interactions 7. SPSI and Environmental Flow 8. The SPSI and Transboundary Water Regimes 9. SPSI in Water Management- Lessons Learnt and the Challenges Ahead Index

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Book SynopsisAround the world, asbestos-related diseases are on the increase. Meanwhile, in many newly-industrializing and developing countries, asbestos use continues unabated. This book, based on anthropological fieldwork in the UK, India and South Africa, explores people's understandings of their illness, risk, compensation and regulation, contrasting these personal and community narratives with formal medical and legal understandings. Linda Waldman shows how the domination of medical and legal framings of risk and disease over those of workers, sufferers and activists can narrow the responses chosen by government. This provides important lessons for researchers, policy makers and regulators, demonstrating that opening up to alternative understandings can create more effective policy responses to move towards sustainability and social justice. Published in association with the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC). Trade Review'Combining Anthropology with Science and Technology Studies, and providing case studies from India, South Africa and the UK, The Politics of Asbestos is passionately written, theoretically engaged and empirically rich. It deserves to be widely read.' Peter Newell, Professor of International Development, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom 'Writing in a clear and simple style, Linda Waldman sets out a fascinating narrative spanning three continents.' Usha Ramanathan, Independent law researcher, Delhi, India 'This engrossing book interweaves the global politics of science with the intimacies of identity and provides an innovative methodological model for exploring comparative case studies at a large scale.' Fiona Ross, Associate Professor of Social Anthropology, University of Cape Town, South Africa 'Through the different case studies, Linda Waldman draws out the intersecting, and at times, conflicting ways in which asbestos destroys, disempowers, galvanises, mobilises and even empowers people in pursuit of social justice, compensation and benefits.' Dinah Rajak, Lecturer in Anthropology, University of Sussex, United KingdomTable of Contents1. Introduction: The Problem of Asbestos 2. 'I've Got the Dust As Well': Asbestos Litigation, Pleural Plaques and Masculinity in the UK 3. Evaluating Science and Risk: Living with and Dying from Asbestos in South Africa 4. 'Show me the Evidence': Science and Risk in Indian Asbestos Issues 5. 'Through no Fault of Our Own': Asbestos Diseases in South Africa and the UK 6. Re-framing Risk: Comparative Framings of Asbestos and Disease 7. Conclusion: Diseased Identities and Social Justice

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Book SynopsisAs governments around the globe begin to wake up to the far reaching effects of changes in climate, the search for available options and instruments for addressing the issue becomes increasingly vital. This authoritative, step-by-step guide to the assessment of the impacts from, and potential adaptations to, changes of climate is based on the approach developed by the authors and other scientists for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This approach has been widely adopted as 'best practice' by experienced researchers but has not, until now, been available in an accessible form. This illuminating account of the methods used by the IPCC scientists will be essential for all those involved in the study of climate impacts and adaptations, or designing and implementing policies for dealing with them. Written in non-technical language, this state-of-the-art guide is ideal for all people interested in the far-reaching implications of climate change and the greenhouse effect. The book contains numerous illustrations, including several worked examples, clearly presented in boxes and diagrams.Table of ContentsIntroduction * Understanding and Predicting Climate Change * Climate Impact Assessment: Developing the Method * The First Step: Defining the Problem * The Second Step: Selecting the Method * The Third Step: Testing the Method * The Fourth Step: Developing the Scenarios The Fifth step: Assessing the Impacts * The Sixth and Seventh Steps: Evaluating Adaptive Responses * Conclusions: Organizing the Research and Communicating Results * Appendix 1:Summary and Main Features of Integrated Assessment Models * Appendix 2: Some International Data Sources of Interest in Climate-Impact Assessment Studies * References and Notes * Index

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Book SynopsisEnvironmental hazards do not respect international boundaries. In this volume, distinguished international researchers make a significant contribution to the understanding and management of transboundary environmental risks. The transboundary risk topics addressed highlight the key political, economic, social and cultural issues of our times, such as how transboundary risks are constructed, how they are communicated within and between countries, how the authorities can build trust in political management processes, and what forms of democratic risk management institutions are appropriate. Useful practical lessons on the management of transboundary risk at the national and international levels are drawn from the case studies. The volume provides valuable evidence and analysis for those working on international environmental issues and all aspects of risk management.Trade Review'Valuable material for those working on international environmental issues and risk management.' Environment Business Magazine '[An] excellent introduction to basic principles.' Aslib Book Guide 'The book provides valuable insights into analysis and management of transboundary risks... It provides a solid introduction to the sociological complexities of transboundary risk management and highlights a problem much in need of attention. I recommend this book as a solid introduction to international environmental issues.' Risk Analysis 'Many important themes repeatedly surface in this volume... These themes are dealt with clearly and in reasonable depth. Through the case studies the book also offers consideration of a sample of transboundary issues.' Environmental Politics 'This volume offers many interesting insights and points out the challenges in managing transboundary risks. It is a welcome addition to the existing literature that will be relevant to anyone interested in risk management issues.' Journal of Risk ResearchTable of ContentsPreface * Foreword * Introduction * Swedish Aid and the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant * Genetically Modified Crops: What Transboundary Harmonization in Europe? * Transboundary Air Pollution: Lessons for Useful Analysis * Cultures of Uncertainty - Transboundary Risks and BSE in Europe A Transboundary Environmental Controversy on the Danube: The Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Dam System * Transboundary Risk Management in the South: A Nepelese Perspective on Himalayan Water Projects * Border Crossings * Public Participation Across Borders * International Negotiation and the Management of Transboundary Risks * Transboundary Environmental Risk Management in the New Millennium: Lessons for Theory and Practice * Address by Birgitta Dahl, Speaker of the Swedish Parliament * Index

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Book SynopsisAstronomie mit dem PC vermittelt dem Leser eine fundierte Einführung in die Welt der himmelsmechanischen Berechnungen, die für die astronomische Beobachtungspraxis von besonderer Bedeutung sind.Von den theoretischen Grundlagen der Astronomie und Numerik bis zur Erstellung schneller und präziser Anwendungsprogramme vermittelt das Buch die notwendigen Kenntnisse und Softwarelösungen für die Bestimmung und Vorhersage von:- Positionen der Sonne, des Mondes und der Planeten- Auf- und Untergangszeiten- physischen Ephemeriden der Sonne und der großen Planeten- Kometen- und Kleinplanetenpositionen (mit Störungen)- Mondphasen- Zentrallinie und lokalen Umständen von Sonnenfinsternissen - Sternbedeckungen durch den Mond- Bahnelementen aus drei Beobachtungen (auch mehrere Lösungen)- Koordinaten aus Himmelsaufnahmen. Die Verwendung der weitverbreiteten objektorientierten Programmiersprache CC++ ermöglicht die effiziente Realisierung eigener Anwendungen auf der Basis einer leistungsfähigen Modul-Bibliothek. Die Begleit-CD enthält neben den vollständigen, ausgiebig dokumentierten und kommentierten Quelltexten auch die ausführbaren Programme - damit können Leser ohne Programmierkenntnisse alle im Buch beschriebenen Programme ebenfalls nutzen. Zusätzlich befinden sich zwei Sternkataloge (Position und Proper Motion Katalog und Zodialkatalog) sowie die Lowell-Datenbank aktueller Kleinplaneten-Bahnelemente auf der CD, die den Nutzwert der entsprechenden Programme weiter erhöhen. Die vorliegende 4. Auflage stellt, neben einigen Überarbeitungen der Texte und Bilder, die ausführbaren Programme für die Betriebssysteme Windows 98/2000/XP und LINUX sowie die akualisierten Kataloge und Datenbanken zur Verfügung.Table of ContentsEinführung.- Koordinatensysteme.- Auf- und Untergangsrechnung.- Kometenbahnen.- Störungsrechnung.- Planetenbahnen.- Physische Planetenephemeriden.- Die Mondbahn.- Sonnenfinsternisse.- Sternbedeckungen.- Bahnbestimmung.- Astrometrie.

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Book SynopsisDas Handbuch vermittelt die Grundlagen wie das thermische Regime der Erde, die oberflächennahe Geologie, geologisch-geophysikalische Grundlagen, zugrunde liegende mathematische Methoden, Risikomanagement und Bohrtechniken. In den angewandten Kapiteln geht es konkret um Geothermieprojekte aus der Sicht eines Bauherren, u.a. um Heizlastberechnung und die hydraulische Abgleichung, daneben um das Projektmanagement, zu berücksichtigende Umweltaspekte, Finanzierung und Fördermöglichkeiten und die Dimensionierung von Anlagen. Auch Verfahrenstechnische Grundlagen, die Maschinentechnik, die Qualitätssicherung und Fragen der Kommunikation und Akzeptanz wie auch der Arbeitssicherheit und des Gesundheitsschutzes werden behandelt. Auch wenn der Schwerpunkt des Handbuches auf Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz liegt, so wird auch auf die Oberflächennahe Geothermiebranche weltweit eingegangen und Herausforderungen wie auch Chancen und Perspektiven aufgezeigt.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisDieses Buch stellt das Grundwissen der Mineralogie knapp und verständlich dar. Als Studierende der Mineralogie, Geowissenschaften, Werkstoff-/ Materialwissenschaften und benachbarter Fachrichtungen, werden Ihnen die essentiellen physikalisch-chemischen Grundlagen in diesem Lehrbuch übersichtlich vorgestellt. Als Absolventen dient Ihnen diese kurze Zusammenstellung hervorragend zum Nachschlagen der wichtigsten Fakten.Es werden vier große Kernbereiche behandelt:Die Kristallographie, von den Grundlagen der Symmetrie bis hin zum Realkristall, vom Feinbau der Kristalle über die Bravais Gitter, röntgenographische Grundlagen bis zum Realbau der Kristalle.Die Kristallchemie, mit den grundlegenden Prinzipien, chemischen Variationen und ausgewählten Begrifflichkeiten.Die Mineralphysik, mit einem Überblick der physikalischen Eigenschaften von Kristallen. Und die Phasenlehre mit geometrischer Betrachtung und Interpretation von unären, binären und ternären Systemen allgemeiner Art.Table of ContentsKristallographie.- Kristallchemie.- Mineralphysik/Materialphysik.- Phasenlehre - heterogene Gleichgewichte.

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Book SynopsisWas treibt den Klimawandel voran? Welche Auswirkungen hat er auf die Ökosysteme der Erde, unsere Umwelt und uns? Was kann ich tun? Dieses Buch erklärt verständlich und übersichtlich die Zusammenhänge, Einflussfaktoren und Auswirkungen zur größten Herausforderung der Menschheit: dem Klimawandel.Das Autorenteam stellt in klarer Sprache über 100 Aspekte auf jeweils einer Doppelseite dar. Mit eindrucksvollen Sketchnotes illustriert und veranschaulicht Professorin und Sketchnoterin Katharina Theis-Bröhl die manchmal einfachen, manchmal komplizierten Sachverhalte immer verständlich. Denn: Sketchnotes sind nicht nur schön anzusehen – sie sind auch eine effektive Merkhilfe, ein Strukturmittel und eine Hilfe, das Wesentliche herauszukristallisieren. Verständliche Begleittexte von Cecilia Scorza-Lesch und Harald Lesch runden das jeweilige Thema informativ ab.Mit diesem Buch können Sie die Ursachen des Klimawandels verstehen, die physikalischen Zusammenhänge entdecken und sowohl lokale als auch globale Auswirkungen erkennen. Sie erfahren, welche Rolle unsere Lage im Sonnensystem spielt, welche Rückkopplungsprozesse es bei der Erderwärmung gibt und was es bedeutet, wenn die Ozeane versauern. Und letztendlich wird die Frage gestellt: Wie viel Zeit haben wir noch, zu handeln? Aus dem Inhalt: Wie besonders ist die Erde? Den Treibhauseffekt verstehen Das Klimasystem der Erde Der Klimawandel Auswirkungen des Klimawandels Was kann ich tun? Zukunftsblick Trade Review“Obwohl man meinen könnte, dass zum Thema Klimawandel schon genug gesagt und publiziert worden ist, darf dieses Buch meiner Meinung nach in keiner Bücherei fehlen. Es vermittelt umfassend und fundiert wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse, die dabei helfen, den Klimawandel zu verstehen. ... Ich denke, dass sich das Buch an alle Altersklassen richtet und auch vorgelesen werden kann ...” (Sophia Dietzel, in: Buchprofile medienprofile, Jg. 67, Heft 2, 2022)Table of ContentsWie besonders ist die Erde?.- Den Treibhauseffekt verstehen.- Das Klimasystem der Erde.- Der Klimawandel.- Auswirkungen des Klimawandels.- Was kann ich tun?.- Zukunftsblick.

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Book SynopsisFollow Nobel laureate and legendary teacher Enrico Fermi's lost course on geophysics. Nobel Prizewinning physicist Enrico Fermi (190154) is known for his work on experimental particle and nuclear physics, quantum theory, and statistical mechanics, and for his particular ability to condense complicated problems into approximations for understanding and testing theory in a variety of scientific disciplines. Six of his graduate students went on to win their own Nobel Prizes. Unearthing Fermi's Geophysics opens a window onto two underrepresented facets of this extraordinary thinker: Fermi's teaching and his contribution to the field of geophysics. Drawing on Fermi's handwritten calculations and notes, many of which are reproduced here in photographic facsimile, physicists Gino Segrè and John Stack have reconstructed a coursebook of Fermi's insights into the physics of a range of geological and atmospheric phenomena. From gravity on Earth to thermodynamics in the atmosphere, the physicTrade Review"An informative and lucid book... a welcome contribution to the literature on Fermi and 20th-century geophysics." * Physics Today *“Unearthing Fermi’s Geophysics is a rather unusual book. It is a text on geophysics that Enrico Fermi might have written, based on notes from a course he did give at Columbia University in the late 1930s. It is idiosyncratic in its coverage of topics, but does an excellent job of illustrating how Fermi went about exploring a field for which he had no background other than being a (remarkably able) physicist. Segrè and Stack have done a fine job of filling in the details needed to make sense of Fermi’s lecture notes. This invaluable book is not only clearly a labor of love, but also a boon to students of the history of science and of Fermi.” -- Robert Rosner, Departments of Astronomy & Astrophysics and Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, and Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago“An assured and informative biography of the pioneering nuclear scientist.” * New York Times Book Review, Editors’ Choice, on "The Pope of Physics" *“Superb. . . . A definitive study of Fermi’s life and work.” * Wall Street Journal, on "The Pope of Physics" *“Impressive. . . . Both intelligent and extremely engaging.” * Washington Post, on "The Pope of Physics" *“Humane, scientifically astute, and beautifully written.” * Physics Today, on "The Pope of Physics" *"Nobel Prize laureate Enrico Fermi (1901–1954) was famous among physicists for the simplicity with which he explained complex questions and made valid numerical estimates about many phenomena. Fermi worked primarily in nuclear and particle physics and built the world's first nuclear reactor. This book is based on notes he made for a course in geophysics that he taught to senior-level physics students between 1939 and 1941 at Columbia University, soon after he arrived in the US from Italy... The text expands on and explains Fermi's notes with annotations by Segrè and Stack, providing supplementary equations and numerical calculations... Highly recommended." * Choice *

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Book SynopsisThis handy pocket-sized field guide provides practical information and assistance to anyone engaged in small-scale surveys on the ground. Fully revised and updated throughout, the Fourth Edition includes comprehensive updates on the use of GPS and new sections on surface wave seismics, borehole geophysics and towed array systems.Trade Review“Overall, Field Geophysics—one of several published by Wiley-Blackwell in their Geological Field Guide Series—is a good practical introductory reference book for a geophysical technician beginning their career or a quick refresher for someone using an instrument they haven’t picked up for many years.” (Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, 2 May 2013) Table of ContentsPreface to the First Edition ix Preface to the Second Edition x Preface to the Third Edition xii Preface to the Fourth Edition xiv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 What Geophysics Measures 1 1.2 Fields 1 1.3 Geophysical Survey Design 9 1.4 Geophysical Fieldwork 14 1.5 Geophysical Data 19 1.6 Bases and Base Networks 29 1.7 Real-Time Profiling 32 2 Gravity Method 39 2.1 Physical Basis of the Gravity Method 39 2.2 Gravity Meters 41 2.3 Gravity Reductions 49 2.4 Gravity Surveys 52 2.5 Field Interpretation 61 3 Magnetic Method 65 3.1 Magnetic Properties 65 3.2 The Magnetic Field of the Earth 67 3.3 Magnetic Instruments 72 3.4 Magnetic Surveys 75 3.5 Simple Magnetic Interpretation 81 4 Radiometric Surveys 85 4.1 Natural Radiation 85 4.2 Radiation Detectors 90 4.3 Radiometric Surveys 92 5 Electric Current Methods: General Considerations 97 5.1 Resistivity and Conductivity 97 5.2 Varying Currents 102 6 Resistivity Methods 109 6.1 DC Survey Fundamentals 109 6.2 DC Practicalities 117 6.3 Resistivity Profiling 122 6.4 Resistivity Depth-Sounding 125 6.5 Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) 128 6.6 Capacitive Coupling 133 7 SP and IP 137 7.1 SP Surveys 137 7.2 Polarisation Fundamentals 140 7.3 Time-Domain IP Surveys 143 7.4 Frequency-Domain Surveys 144 7.5 IP Data 146 8 Electromagnetic Methods 149 8.1 Two-Coil CW Systems 149 8.2 CWEM Conductivity Mapping 158 8.3 Fixed-Source Methods 161 8.4 Transient Electromagnetics 165 9 Remote-Source Electromagnetics 171 9.1 Natural Electromagnetic Radiation 171 9.2 Controlled-Source Audio-Magnetotellurics (CSAMT) 180 10 Ground Penetrating Radar 185 10.1 Radar Fundamentals 185 10.2 GPR Surveys 199 10.3 Data Processing 205 11 Siesmic Methods: General Considerations 211 11.1 Seismic Waves 211 11.2 Seismic Sources 216 11.3 Detection of Seismic Waves 222 11.4 Recording Seismic Signals 226 12 Seismic Reflection 229 12.1 Reflection Theory 229 12.2 Reflection Surveys 233 13 Seismic Refraction 241 13.1 Refraction Surveys 241 13.2 Interpretation 247 13.3 Limitations of the Refraction Method 257 14 Seismic Surface Wave Methods 261 14.1 Surface Wave Surveys 261 14.2 Data Processing 266 14.3 Limitations of the Method 270 15 Maps, Mapping and GPS 273 15.1 Maps and Mapping 273 15.2 Satellite Navigation 276 Appendix: Terrain Corrections for Hammer Zones B to m 281 Index 283

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Book SynopsisProvides a description of the thermodynamic model, data treatment procedures and the thermodynamic constants for hydrous ferric oxide. Includes detailed coverage of the model and the parameter extraction procedure.Table of ContentsThe Generalized Two-Layer Model. Experimental Data. Data Compilation and Treatment Methods. Properties of Hydrous Ferric Oxide, Cation Sorption on HydrousFerric Oxide. Anion Sorption on Hydrous Ferric Oxide. Use of the Model and Data Base. The Coulombic Effect. Coherence and Extrapolation of Results. References. Appendices. Author Index. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisMetamorphic Crystallization investigates the upper regions of the crystalline Earth, where countless solid-state chemical changes have taken place during the long history of the planet. The exploration proceeds in five stages.Table of ContentsThe Geological Background. Mineral Thermodynamics. Phase Equilibrium. Chemical Kinetics. Granular Microstructures and Crystallization Mechanisms. Appendices. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis information--packed volume on marine geophysics has two objectives: to provide a clear comprehensive review of techniques, and to examine what geophysical observations can tell us about the structure and tectonics of the oceans.Table of ContentsPreview. Locating Offshore Observations. Seabed Imaging by Sonar and Lidar. Seismic Exploration at Sea: A Theoretical Background. Seismic Data Acquisition at Sea. The Marine Gravity Field. The Earth's Magnetic Field at Sea. Heat Flow. Investigations of the Sea Floor using Electrical Methods. Seabed Exploration using Radiometric Methods. Geophysical Observations in Offshore Boreholes. Deep-Sea Geophysics and the Changing Geometry of the Oceans. Studies of the Oceanic Lithosphere: The Sedimentary Cover. Studies of the Oceanic Lithosphere: The Crustal Basement and Upper Mantle. Investigations of Divergent and Transform Continental Margins. Studies of Subduction Zones. Index.

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