Geography Books

Book SynopsisDr. Charles Ghilani is a Professor of Engineering in the B.S. Surveying Engineering and A.S. Surveying Technology programs at Penn State. He holds a Ph.D. and M.S. in Civil and Environmental Engineering from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and a B.S. degree in mathematics and education from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. He has been involved in education since 1974; teaching at various levels from elementary through graduate school. Dr. Ghilani has received numerous awards including: a Campus Innovation Award (1991) and Professional Development Award (1994), P.S.L.S. presidential commendation in 1990, Outstanding Club Advisor in 1992, a Distinguished Service Award from the Pennsylvania Society of Land Surveyors in 1995, an American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM) fellowship (1999), and the Earle J. Fennell Award (2001) for outstanding service in surveying and mapping education from ACSM. He is a member of tTable of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Definition of Surveying 1.2 Geomatics 1.3 History of Surveying 1.4 Geodetic and Plane Surveys 1.5 Importance of Surveying 1.6 Specialized Types of Surveys 1.7 Surveying Safety 1.8 Land and Geographic Information Systems 1.9 Federal Surveying and Mapping Agencies 1.10 The Surveying Profession 1.11 Professional Surveying Organizations 1.12 Surveying on the Internet 1.13 Future Challenges in Surveying 2. Units, Significant Figures, and Field Notes 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Units of Measurement 2.3 International System of Units (SI) 2.4 Significant Figures 2.5 Rounding Off Numbers 2.6 Field Notes 2.7 General Requirements of Handwritten Field Notes 2.8 Types of Field Books 2.9 Kinds of Notes 2.10 Arrangements of Notes 2.11 Suggestions for Recording Notes 2.12 Introduction to Survey Controllers 2.13 Transfer of Files from Survey Controllers 2.14 Digital Data File Management 2.15 Advantages and Disadvantages of Survey Controllers 3.Theory of Errors In Observations 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Direct and Indirect Observations 3.3 Errors in Measurements 3.4 Mistakes 3.5 Sources of Errors in Making Observations 3.6 Types of Errors 3.7 Precision and Accuracy 3.8 Eliminating Mistakes and Systematic Errors 3.9 Probability 3.10 Most Probable Value 3.11 Residuals 3.12 Occurrence of Random Errors 3.13 General Laws of Probability 3.14 Measures of Precision 3.15 Interpretation of Standard Deviation 3.16 The 50%, 90%, and 95% Errors 3.17 Error Propagation 3.18 Applications 3.19 Conditional Adjustment of Observations 3.20 Weights of Observations 3.21 Least-Squares Adjustment 4.Leveling—Theory, Methods, and Equipment 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Definitions 4.3 North American Vertical Datum 4.4 Curvature and Refraction 4.5 Methods for Determining Differences in Elevation 4.6 Categories of Levels 4.7 Telescopes 4.8 Level Vials 4.9 Tilting Levels 4.10 Automatic Levels 4.11 Digital Levels 4.12 Tripods 4.13 Hand Level 4.14 Level Rods 4.15 Testing and Adjusting Levels 5. Leveling—Field Procedures and ComputatIons 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Carrying and Setting Up a Level 5.3 Duties of a Rodperson 5.4 Differential Leveling 5.5 Precision 5.6 Adjustments of Simple Level Circuits 5.7 Reciprocal Leveling 5.8 Three-Wire Leveling 5.9 Profile Leveling 5.10 Grid, Cross-Section, or Borrow-Pit Leveling 5.11 Use of the Hand Level 5.12 Sources of Error in Leveling 5.13 Mistakes 5.14 Reducing Errors and Eliminating Mistakes 5.15 Using Software 6. Distance Measurement 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Summary of Methods For Making Linear Measurements 6.3 Pacing 6.4 Odometer Readings 6.5 Optical Rangefinders 6.6 Tacheometry 6.7 Subtense Bar 6.8 Introduction to Taping 6.9 Taping Equipment and Accessories 6.10 Care of Taping Equipment 6.11 Taping on Level Ground 6.12 Horizontal Measurements on Sloping Ground 6.13 Slope Measurements 6.14 Sources of Error in Taping 6.15 Introduction 6.16 Propagation of Electromagnetic Energy 6.17 Principles of Electronic Distance Measurement 6.18 Electro-Optical Instruments 6.19 Total Station Instruments 6.20 EDM Instruments Without Reflectors 6.21 Computing Horizontal Lengths From Slope Distances 6.22 Errors in Electronic Distance Measurement 6.23 Using Software 7. Angles, Azimuths, and BearIngs 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Units of Angle Measurement 7.3 Kinds of Horizontal Angles 7.4 Direction of a Line 7.5 Azimuths 7.6 Bearings 7.7 Comparison of Azimuths and Bearings 7.8 Computing Azimuths 7.9 Computing Bearings 7.10 The Compass and the Earth's Magnetic Field 7.11 Magnetic Declination 7.12 Variations in Magnetic Declination 7.13 Software for Determining Magnetic Declination 7.14 Local Attraction 7.15 Typical Magnetic Declination Problems 7.16 Mistakes 8. Total Station Instruments; Angle Observations 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Characteristics of Total Station Instruments 8.3 Functions Performed by Total Station Instruments 8.4 Parts of a Total Station Instrument 8.5 Handling and Setting up a Total Station Instrument 8.6 Servo-Driven and Remotely Operated Total Station Instruments 8.7 Relationship of Angles and Distances 8.8 Observing Horizontal Angles with Total Station Instruments 8.9 Observing Multiple Horizontal Angles by the Direction Method 8.10 Closing the Horizon 8.11 Observing Deflection Angles 8.12 Observing Azimuths 8.13 Observing Vertical Angles 8.14 Sights and Marks 8.15 Prolonging a Straight Line 8.16 Balancing-in 8.17 Random Traverse 8.18 Total Stations for Determining Elevation Differences 8.19 Adjustment of Total Station Instruments and their Accessories 8.20 Sources of Error in Total Station Work 8.21 Propagation of Random Errors in Angle Observations 8.22 Mistakes 9. Traversing 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Observation of Traverse Angles or Directions 9.3 Observation of Traverse Lengths 9.4 Selection of Traverse Stations 9.5 Referencing Traverse Stations 9.6 Traverse Field Notes 9.7 Angle Misclosure 9.8 Traversing with Total Station Instruments 9.9 Radial Traversing 9.10 Sources of Error in Traversing 9.11 Mistakes in Traversing 10. Traverse Computations 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Balancing Angles 10.3 Computation of Preliminary Azimuths or Bearings 10.4 Departures and Latitudes 10.5 Departure and Latitude Closure Conditions 10.6 Traverse Linear Misclosure and Relative Precision 10.7 Traverse Adjustment 10.8 Rectangular Coordinates 10.9 Alternative Methods for Making Traverse Computations 10.10 Inversing 10.11 Computing Final Adjusted Traverse Lengths and Directions 10.12 Coordinate Computations in Boundary Surveys 10.13 Use of Open Traverses 10.14 State Plane Coordinate Systems 10.15 Traverse Computations using Computers 10.16 Locating Blunders in Traverse Observations 10.17 Mistakes in Traverse Computations 11. CoordInate Geometry In SurveyIng Calculations 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Coordinate Forms of Equations for Lines and Circles 11.3 Perpendicular Distance from a Point to a Line 11.4 Intersection of Two Lines, Both Having Known Directions 11.5 Intersection of a Line with a Circle 11.6 Intersection of Two Circles 11.7 Three-Point Resection 11.8 Two-Dimensional Conformal Coordinate Transformation 11.9 Inaccessible Point Problem 11.10 Three-Dimensional Two-Point Resection 11.11 Software 12. Area 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Methods of Measuring Area 12.3 Area by Division into Simple Figures 12.4 Area by Offsets from Straight Lines 12.5 Area by Coordinates 12.6 Area by Double-Meridian Distance Method 12.7 Area of Parcels with Circular Boundaries 12.8 Partitioning of Lands 12.9 Area by Measurements from Maps 12.10 Software 12.11 Sources of Error in Determining Areas 12.12 Mistakes in Determining Areas 13. Global NavigatIon Satellite Systems—Introduction and Principles of Operation 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Overview of GPS 13.3 The GPS Signal 13.4 Reference Coordinate Systems 13.5 Fundamentals of Satellite Positioning 13.6 Errors in Observations 13.7 Differential Positioning 13.8 Kinematic Methods 13.9 Relative Positioning 13.10 Other Satellite Navigation Systems 13.11 The Future 14. Global Navigation SatellIte Systems—Static Surveys 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Field Procedures in Static GNSS Surveys 14.3 Planning Satellite Surveys 14.4 Performing Static Surveys 14.5 Data Processing and Analysis 14.6 Things to Consider 14.7 A Method for Obtaining Orthometric Height Differences Using GNSS 14.8 Sources of Errors in Satellite Surveys 14.9 Mistakes in Satellite Surveys 15. Global Navigation Satellite Systems—KInematic Surveys 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Planning of Kinematic Surveys 15.3 Initialization Techniques 15.4 Equipment Used in Kinematic Surveys 15.5 Methods Used in Kinematic Surveys 15.6 Performing Post-Processed Kinematic Surveys 15.7 Communication in Real-Time Kinematic Surveys 15.8 Real-Time Networks 15.9 Performing Real-Time Kinematic Surveys 15.10 Machine Guidance and Control 15.11 Errors in Kinematic Surveys 15.12 Mistakes in Kinematic Surveys 16. Adjustments by Least Squares 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Fundamental Condition of Least Squares 16.3 Least-Squares Adjustment by the Observation Equation Method 16.4 Matrix Methods in Least-Squares Adjustment 16.5 Matrix Equations for Precisions of Adjusted Quantities 16.6 Least-Squares Adjustment of Leveling Circuits 16.7 Propagation of Errors 16.8 Least-Squares Adjustment Of GNSS Baseline Vectors 16.9 Least-Squares Adjustment of Conventional Horizontal Plane Surveys 16.10 The Error Ellipse 16.11 Adjustment Procedures 16.12 Other Measures of Precision for Horizontal Stations 16.13 Software 16.14 Conclusions 17. Mapping Surveys 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Basic Methods for Performing Mapping Surveys 17.3 Map Scale 17.4 Control for Mapping Surveys 17.5 Contours 17.6 Characteristics of Contours 17.7 Method of Locating Contours 17.8 Digital Elevation Models and Automated Contouring Systems 17.9 Basic Field Methods for Locating Topographic Details 17.10 Planning a Laser-Scanning Survey 17.11 Three-Dimensional Conformal Coordinate Transformation 17.12 Selection of Field Method 17.13 Working with Survey Controllers and Field-to-Finish Software 17.14 Hydrographic Surveys 17.15 Sources of Error in Mapping Surveys 17.16 Mistakes in Mapping Surveys 18. Mapping 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Availability of Maps and Related Information 18.3 National Mapping Program 18.4 Accuracy Standards for Mapping 18.5 Manual and Computer-Aided Drafting Procedures 18.6 Map Design 18.7 Map Layout 18.8 Basic Map Plotting Procedures 18.9 Contour Interval 18.10 Plotting Contours 18.11 Lettering 18.12 Cartographic Map Elements 18.13 Drafting Materials 18.14 Automated Mapping and Computer-Aided Drafting Systems 18.15 Migrating Maps between Software Packages 18.16 Impacts of Modern Land and Geographic Information Systems on Mapping 18.17 The Importance of Metadata 18.18 Sources of Error in Mapping 18.19 Mistakes in Mapping 19. Control Surveys and GeodetIc ReductIons 19.1 Introduction 19.2 The Ellipsoid and Geoid 19.3 The Conventional Terrestrial Pole 19.4 Geodetic Position and Ellipsoidal Radii of Curvature 19.5 Geoid Undulation and De ection of the Vertical 19.6 U.S. Reference Frames 19.7 Transforming Coordinates Between Reference Frames 19.8 Accuracy Standards and Specifications for Control Surveys 19.9 The National Spatial Reference System 19.10 Hierarchy of the National Horizontal Control Network 19.11 Hierarchy of the National Vertical Control Network 19.12 Control Point Descriptions 19.13 Field Procedures for Conventional Horizontal Control Surveys 19.14 Field Procedures for Vertical-Control Surveys 19.15 Reduction of Field Observations to their Geodetic Values 19.16 Geodetic Position Computations 19.17 The Local Geodetic Coordinate System 19.18 Three-Dimensional Coordinate Computations 19.19 Software 20. State Plane CoordInates and Other Map Projections 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Projections Used in State Plane Coordinate Systems 20.3 Lambert Conformal Conic Projection 20.4 Transverse Mercator Projection 20.5 State Plane Coordinates in NAD 27 and NAD 83 20.6 Computing SPCS 83 Coordinates in the Lambert Conformal 20.7 Conic System 20.8 Computing SPCS 83 Coordinates in the Transverse Mercator System 603 Reduction of Distances and Angles to State Plane Coordinate Grids 20.9 Computing State Plane Coordinates of Traverse Stations 20.10 Surveys Extending from One Zone to Another 20.11 The Universal Transverse Mercator Projection 20.12 Other Map Projections 20.13 Ground Versus Grid Problem 20.14 Map Projection Software 21. Boundary Surveys 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Categories of Land Surveys 21.3 Historical Perspectives 21.4 Property Description by Metes and Bounds 21.5 Property Description by Block-and-Lot System 21.6 Property Description by Coordinates 21.7 Retracement Surveys 21.8 Subdivision Surveys 21.9 Partitioning Land 21.10 Registration of Title 21.11 Adverse Possession and Easements 21.12 Condominium Surveys 21.13 Geographic and Land Information Systems 21.14 Sources of Error in Boundary Surveys 21.15 Mistakes 22. Surveys of the PublIc Lands 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Instructions for Surveys of the Public Lands 22.3 Initial Point 22.4 Principal Meridian 22.5 Baseline 22.6 Standard Parallels (Correction Lines) 22.7 Guide Meridians 22.8 Township Exteriors, Meridional (Range) Lines, and Latitudinal (Township) Lines 22.9 Designation of Townships 22.10 Subdivision of a Quadrangle into Townships 22.11 Subdivision of a Township into Sections 22.12 Subdivision of Sections 22.13 Fractional Sections 22.14 Notes 22.15 Outline of Subdivision Steps 22.16 Marking Corners 22.17 Witness Corners 22.18 Meander Corners 22.19 Lost and Obliterated Corners 22.20 Accuracy of Public Land Surveys 22.21 Descriptions by Township Section, and Smaller Subdivision 22.22 BLM Land Information System 22.23 Sources of Error 22.24 Mistakes 23. ConstructIon Surveys 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Specialized Equipment for Construction Surveys 23.3 Horizontal and Vertical Control 23.4 Staking Out a Pipeline 23.5 Staking Pipeline Grades 23.6 Computing the Bend Angles in Pipelines 23.7 Staking Out a Building 23.8 Staking Out Highways 23.9 Other Construction Surveys 23.10 Construction Surveys Using Total Station Instruments 23.11 Construction Surveys Using GNSS Equipment 23.12 Machine Guidance and Control 23.13 As-built Surveys with Laser Scanning 23.14 Sources of Error in Construction Surveys 23.15 Mistakes 24. HorIzontal Curves 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Degree of Circular Curve 24.3 Definitions and Derivation of Circular Curve Formulas 24.4 Circular Curve Stationing 24.5 General Procedure of Circular Curve Layout by Deflection Angles 24.6 Computing Deflection Angles and Chords 24.7 Notes for Circular Curve Layout by Deflection Angles and Incremental Chords 24.8 Detailed Procedures for Circular Curve Layout by Deflection Angles and Incremental Chords 24.9 Setups on Curve 24.10 Metric Circular Curves by Deflection Angles and Incremental Chords 24.11 Circular Curve Layout by Deflection Angles and Total Chords 24.12 Computation of Coordinates on a Circular Curve 24.13 Circular Curve Layout by Coordinates 24.14 Curve Stakeout Using GNSS Receivers and Robotic Total Stations 24.15 Circular Curve Layout by Offsets 24.16 Special Circular Curve Problems 24.17 Compound and Reverse Curves 24.18 Sight Distance on Horizontal Curves 24.19 Spirals 24.20 Computation of “As-Built” Circular Alignments 24.21 Sources of Error in Laying Out Circular Curves 24.22 Mistakes 25. Vertical Curves 25.1 Introduction 25.2 General Equation of a Vertical Parabolic Curve 25.3 Equation of an Equal Tangent Vertical Parabolic Curve 25.4 High or Low Point on a Vertical Curve 25.5 Vertical Curve Computations Using the Tangent-Offset Equation 25.6 Equal Tangent Property of a Parabola 25.7 Curve Computations by Proportion 25.8 Staking a Vertical Parabolic Curve 25.9 Machine Control in Grading Operations 25.10 Computations for an Unequal Tangent Vertical Curve 25.11 Designing a Curve to Pass Through a Fixed Point 25.12 Sight Distance 25.13 Sources of Error in Laying out Vertical Curves 25.14 Mistakes 26. Volumes 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Methods of Volume Measurement 26.3 The Cross-Section Method 26.4 Types of Cross Sections 26.5 Average-End-Area Formula 26.6 Determining End Areas 26.7 Computing Slope Intercepts 26.8 Prismoidal Formula 26.9 Volume Computations 26.10 Unit-Area, or Borrow-Pit, Method 26.11 Contour-Area Method 26.12 Measuring Volumes of Water Discharge 26.13 Software 26.14 Sources of Error in Determining Volumes 26.15 Mistakes 27. Photogrammetry 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Uses of Photogrammetry 27.3 Aerial Cameras 27.4 Types of Aerial Photographs 27.5 Vertical Aerial Photographs 27.6 Scale of a Vertical Photograph 27.7 Ground Coordinates from a Single Vertical Photograph 27.8 Relief Displacement on a Vertical Photograph 27.9 Flying Height of a Vertical Photograph 27.10 Stereoscopic Parallax 27.11 Stereoscopic Viewing 27.12 Stereoscopic Measurement of Parallax 27.13 Analytical Photogrammetry 27.14 Stereoscopic Plotting Instruments 27.15 Orthophotos 27.16 Ground Control for Photogrammetry 27.17 Flight Planning 27.18 Airborne Laser-Mapping Systems 27.19 Remote Sensing 27.20 Software 27.21 Sources of Error in Photogrammetry 27.22 Mistakes 28. Introduction to GeographIc Information Systems 28.1 Introduction 28.2 Land Information Systems 28.3 GIS Data Sources and Classifications 28.4 Spatial Data 28.5 Nonspatial Data 28.6 Data Format Conversions 28.7 Creating GIS Databases 28.8 Metadata 28.9 GIS Analytical Functions 28.10 GIS Applications 28.11 Data Sources Appendix A: Tape Correction Problems Appendix B: Example Noteforms Appendix C: Astronomical Observations Appendix D: Using the Worksheets from the Companion Website Appendix E: Introduction to Matrices Appendix F: U.S. State Plane Coordinate System Defining ParametersAppendix G: Answers to Selected Problems

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Book SynopsisHighlights the larger meaning of what is happening to the author's subjects with an imagery that testifies to the fundamental dignity of all humanity while simultaneously protesting its violation by war, poverty, and other injustices.Trade Review"While art should speak for itself, Salgado's photography is first and foremost a documentary way of bearing witness to something else. His work is both an anguished cri de coeur and, although he professes not to be religions, something of a votive offering presented in the hopes of getting the attention of a world that sometimes seems to have fallen asleep." - Orville Schell, from the Foreword"Table of ContentsForeword Sahel: Man in Distress / Orville Schell Introduction Twenty Years Ago, and Later / Fred Ritchin Photographs Captions Afterword Salgado / Eduardo Galeano Biographical Note Acknowledgments

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Book SynopsisIn classical Chinese, 'The Great Enterprise' means winning The Mandate of heaven to rule over China, the Central Kingdom. This first of a two-volume work on 'The Great Enterprise' of the Manchus is the first scholarly narrative in any language relating their conquest of China during the seventeenth century.

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Book SynopsisThe New Blackwell Companion to the City provides a guide to the major themes in urban studies. Building on well established debates in the field, this volume provides students and scholars with a contemporary update on urban thinking.Table of ContentsList of Contributors x Preface xiii Gary Bridge and Sophie Watson Acknowledgments xv Part I City Materialities 1 1 Reflections on Materialities 3 Gary Bridge and Sophie Watson 2 Neoliberal Urbanism: Cities and the Rule of Markets 15 Nik Theodore, Jamie Peck, and Neil Brenner 3 The Liquid City of Megalopolis 26 John Rennie Short 4 Ups and Downs in the Global City: London and New York in the Twenty-First Century 38 Susan S. Fainstein, Ian Gordon, and Michael Harloe 5 Ethnography of an Indian City: Ahmedabad 48 Amrita Shah 6 Landscape and Infrastructure in the Late-Modern Metropolis 57 Matthew Gandy 7 Objects and the City 66 Harvey Molotch 8 Ecologies of Dwelling: Maintaining High-Rise Housing in Singapore 79 Jane M. Jacobs and Stephen Cairns 9 The Urbanization of Nature: Great Promises, Impasse, and New Beginnings 96 Maria Kaika and Erik Swyngedouw 10 One Hundred Tons to Armageddon: Cities Combat Carbon 108 Peter Droege 11 The New Military Urbanism 121 Stephen Graham 12 The City’s New “Trinity” in Contemporary Shanghai: A Case Study of the Residential Housing Market 134 Wang Xiaoming, translated by Tyler Rooker 13 Residence Through Revolution and Reform 142 Ray Forrest Part II City Mobilities 155 14 Reflections on Mobilities 157 Gary Bridge and Sophie Watson 15 “Nothing Gained by Overcrowding”: The History and Politics of Urban Population Control 169 Andrew Ross 16 Transnationality and the City 179 Nina Glick Schiller 17 Migrants Making Technology Markets 193 Tyler Rooker 18 Analytic Borderlands: Economy and Culture in the Global City 210 Saskia Sassen 19 Nomadic Cities 221 David Pinder 20 Mobility and Civility: Police and the Formation of the Modern City 235 Francis Dodsworth 21 Disease and Infection in the City 245 Simon Carter 22 Urban Choreographies: Dance and the Politics of Space 255 Daniel J. Walkowitz 23 Cities on Wheels: Cars and Public Space 265 Brian Ladd Part III City Affect 275 24 Reflections on Affect 277 Gary Bridge and Sophie Watson 25 Intensities of Feeling: Cloverfield, the Uncanny, and the Always Near Collapse of the City 288 Steve Pile 26 The Future of New York’s Destruction: Fantasies, Fictions, and Premonitions after 9/11 304 Max Page 27 Public Spaces? Branding, Civility, and the Cinema in Twenty-First-Century China 317 Stephanie Hemelryk Donald 28 The Postmetropolis and Mental Life: Wong Kar-Wai’s Cinematic Hong Kong 327 Christoph Lindner 29 Imagining Naples: The Senses of the City 337 Lesley Caldwell 30 City Life and the Senses 347 John Urry 31 The Politics of Urban Intersection: Materials, Affect, Bodies 357 AbdouMaliq Simone 32 The City, the Psyche, and the Visibility of Religious Spaces 367 Andrew Hill Part IV City Publics and Cultures 377 33 Reflections on Publics and Cultures 379 Gary Bridge and Sophie Watson 34 Reflections on the Public Realm 390 Richard Sennett 35 City-zenship in Contemporary China: Shanghai, Capital of the Twenty-First Century? 398 Michael Keith 36 “Just Diversity” in the City of Difference 407 Kurt Iveson and Ruth Fincher 37 The Emergence of Cosmopolitan Soho 419 Judith R. Walkowitz 38 Modernity and Gaslight: Victorian London in the 1950s and 1960s 431 Frank Mort 39 The Doing Undone: Vagrancies for the Acoustic City 442 Rob Stone 40 Sustainable Cultural Spaces in the Global City: Cultural Clusters in Heritage Sites, Hong Kong and Singapore 452 Lily Kong 41 Spatializing Culture: Embodied Space in the City 463 Setha Low 42 The Street Politics of Jackie Smith 476 John Paul Jones III 43 Walking and Performing “the City”: A Melbourne Chronicle 488 Benjamin Rossiter and Katherine Gibson Part V City Divisions and Differences 499 44 Reflections on Division and Difference 501 Gary Bridge and Sophie Watson 45 The Lost Urban Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu 511 Mike Savage 46 Traveling Theory: Embracing Post-Neoliberalism Through Southern Cities 521 Jenny Robinson and Sue Parnell 47 Race, Class, and Inequality in the South African City 532 Jeremy Seekings 48 Oxford Street, Accra: Spatial Logics, Street Life, and the Transnational Imaginary 547 Ato Quayson 49 Harlem Between Ghetto and Renaissance 561 Sharon Zukin 50 Gentrification of the City 571 Tom Slater 51 The Homosexuality of Cities 586 Julie Abraham 52 Gendering Urban Space 596 Jessica Ellen Sewell 53 Nights in the Global City 606 Sophie Body-Gendrot Part VI City Politics and Planning 617 54 Reflections on Politics and Planning 619 Gary Bridge and Sophie Watson 55 Urban Planning in an Uncertain World 631 Ash Amin 56 The Three Historic Currents of City Planning 643 Peter Marcuse 57 Photourbanism: Planning the City from Above and from Below 656 Anthony Vidler 58 Shaping Good Cities and Citizens 667 Evelyn S. Ruppert 59 Regional Urbanization and the End of the Metropolis Era 679 Edward W. Soja 60 Invisible Architecture: Neighborhood Governance in China’s Cities 690 John Friedmann 61 Retreat from a Totalitarian Society: China’s Urbanism in the Making 701 Fulong Wu 62 Transnational Urban Political Ecology: Health and Infrastructure in the Unbounded City 713 Roger Keil 63 Entrepreneurial Urbanism, Policy Tourism, and the Making Mobile of Policies 726 Kevin Ward 64 Making Up Global Urban Policies 738 Allan Cochrane 65 Urban Governance in Europe: What Is Governed? 747 Patrick Le Galès Index 759

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Book SynopsisExamines how the lives of dispossessed men and women are affected by the rise of narco-trafficking along the US - Mexico border. This book explores the everyday reality of the drug trade by living alongside its low-level workers: those living at the edges of the violence generated by the militarization of "the war on drugs."Trade Review"[Provides] nuanced gendered insights into the traditionally masculine narco universe." -- Marilyn Gates New York Journal of Books "[Muehlmann's] gift for narrative provides a powerful analytical lens." -- Derek Gregory Geographical ImaginationsTable of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction: Life at the Edges of the War on Drugs 1. Narco-Wives, Beauty Queens, and a Mother's Bribes 2. "When I Wear My Alligator Boots" 3. "A Narco without a Corrido Doesn't Exist" 4. The View from Cruz's Throne 5. Moving the Money When the Bank Accounts Get Full 6. "Now They Wear Tennis Shoes" Conclusion: Puro pa'delante Mexico Notes References Index

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Book SynopsisCarl T. Dahlman earned degrees in sociology, music, and urban affairs before receiving his Ph.D. in geography from the University of Kentucky in 2001. He is the Director of the International Studies Program at Miami University, where his teaching focuses on political geography, migration and mobility, and globalization. His current research includes the role of European integration in the geopolitics of Southeastern Europe, and he has published a book on the subject, Bosnia Remade: Ethnic Cleansing and Its Reversal(Oxford University Press, with Gearóid Tuathail). He is a co-author of Pearson's Introduction to Contemporary Geography, with James M. Rubenstein and William H. Renwick. William H. Renwick earned a B.A. from Rhode Island College in 1973 and a Ph.D. in geography from Clark University in 1979. He has taught at the University of California, Los Angeles, and Rutgers University, and is currently Associate Professor of GTable of Contents1. Introduction to Geography Part 1: Environment and Resources 2. Landforms 3. Weather, Climate & Climate Change 4. Biosphere 5. Earth’s Resources and Environmental Protection Part 2: Culture 6. Population and Migration 7. Cultural Geography 8. Languages and Religions 9. Food and Agriculture Part 3: Development of Modern Society 10. Cities and Urbanization 11. A World of States 12. Economy and Development

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Book SynopsisAn updated and revised third edition of this popular and well established text, designed for the AS/A-level specifications.This title covers:1. Fieldwork projectsPart A: Collecting the information2. Sampling3. Geology, landforms and slopes4. Hydrology5. River channels6. Coasts7. Ecology and pollution8. Local climate9. Primary data sources in human geography10. Secondary sources in human geography11. Urban and rural studies12. Using the InternetPart B: Processing the information13. Cartography14. Statistical methods15. Spatial analysisPart C: Presenting the information16. Presentation and layout

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Book SynopsisOffers an introduction to the modeling of infectious diseases in humans and animals. This book moves from modeling with simple differential equations to more complex models, where spatial structure, seasonal 'forcing', or stochasticity influence the dynamics, and where computer simulation needs to be used to generate theory.Trade Review"Matt Keeling and Pejman Rohani...have made important and original contributions to epidemiology...and are well qualified to deliver an authoritative, comprehensive and up-to-date review. [The authors] advocate...the use of mathematical models to help design disease-control programs. They recognize that modeling is a partnership between modelers and empiricists. For that reason, I hope that [readership] will extend beyond existing and new devotees of this challenging and exciting discipline."--Mark Woolhouse, Nature "This book represents a valuable step toward educating readers to have greater appreciation and understanding of the development of mathematical models in infectious diseases."--Carol Y. Lin, Biometrics Book Reviews "[T]he authors have created a well written and essential reference for epidemiologists, mathematicians and other scientists interested in the mathematical modeling of infectious diseases."--Michael Hohle, Biometrical JournalTable of ContentsAcknowledgments xiii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Types of Disease 1 1.2 Characterization of Diseases 3 1.3 Control of Infectious Diseases 5 1.4 What Are Mathematical Models? 7 1.5 What Models Can Do 8 1.6 What Models Cannot Do 10 1.7 What Is a Good Model? 10 1.8 Layout of This Book 11 1.9 What Else Should You Know? 13 Chapter 2: Introduction to Simple Epidemic Models 15 2.1 Formulating the Deterministic SIR Model 16 2.1.1 The SIR Model Without Demography 19 2.1.1.1 The Threshold Phenomenon 19 2.1.1.2 Epidemic Burnout 21 2.1.1.3 Worked Example: Influenza in a Boarding School 26 2.1.2 The SIR Model With Demography 26 2.1.2.1 The Equilibrium State 28 2.1.2.2 Stability Properties 29 2.1.2.3 Oscillatory Dynamics 30 2.1.2.4 Mean Age at Infection 31 2.2 Infection-Induced Mortality and SI Models 34 2.2.1 Mortality Throughout Infection 34 2.2.1.1 Density-Dependent Transmission 35 2.2.1.2 Frequency Dependent Transmission 36 2.2.2 Mortality Late in Infection 37 2.2.3 Fatal Infections 38 2.3 Without Immunity: The SIS Model 39 2.4 Waning Immunity: The SIRS Model 40 2.5 Adding a Latent Period: The SEIR Model 41 2.6 Infections with a Carrier State 44 2.7 Discrete-Time Models 46 2.8 Parameterization 48 2.8.1 Estimating R0 from Reported Cases 50 2.8.2 Estimating R0 from Seroprevalence Data 51 2.8.3 Estimating Parameters in General 52 2.9 Summary 52 Chapter 3: Host Heterogeneities 54 3.1 Risk-Structure: Sexually Transmitted Infections 55 3.1.1 Modeling Risk Structure 57 3.1.1.1 High-Risk and Low-Risk Groups 57 3.1.1.2 Initial Dynamics 59 3.1.1.3 Equilibrium Prevalence 62 3.1.1.4 Targeted Control 63 3.1.1.5 Generalizing the Model 64 3.1.1.6 Parameterization 64 3.1.2 Two Applications of Risk Structure 69 3.1.2.1 Early Dynamics of HIV 71 3.1.2.2 Chlamydia Infections in Koalas 74 3.1.3 Other Types of Risk Structure 76 3.2 Age-Structure: Childhood Infections 77 3.2.1 Basic Methodology 78 3.2.1.1 Initial Dynamics 80 3.2.1.2 Equilibrium Prevalence 80 3.2.1.3 Control by Vaccination 81 3.2.1.3 Parameterization 82 3.2.2 Applications of Age Structure 84 3.2.2.1 Dynamics of Measles 84 3.2.2.2 Spread and Control of BSE 89 3.3 Dependence on Time Since Infection 93 3.3.1 SEIR and Multi-Compartment Models 94 3.3.2 Models with Memory 98 3.3.3 Application: SARS 100 3.4 Future Directions 102 3.5 Summary 103 Chapter 4: Multi-Pathogen/Multi-Host Models 105 4.1 Multiple Pathogens 106 4.1.1 Complete Cross-Immunity 107 4.1.1.1 Evolutionary Implications 109 4.1.2 No Cross-Immunity 112 4.1.2.1 Application: The Interaction of Measles and Whooping Cough 112 4.1.2.2 Application: Multiple Malaria Strains 115 4.1.3 Enhanced Susceptibility 116 4.1.4 Partial Cross-Immunity 118 4.1.4.1 Evolutionary Implications 120 4.1.4.2 Oscillations Driven by Cross-Immunity 122 4.1.5 A General Framework 125 4.2 Multiple Hosts 128 4.2.1 Shared Hosts 130 4.2.1.1 Application: Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease 131 4.2.1.2 Application: Parapoxvirus and the Decline of the Red Squirrel 133 4.2.2 Vectored Transmission 135 4.2.2.1 Mosquito Vectors 136 4.2.2.2 Sessile Vectors 141 4.2.3 Zoonoses 143 4.2.3.1 Directly Transmitted Zoonoses 144 4.2.3.2 Vector-Borne Zoonoses: West Nile Virus 148 4.3 Future Directions 151 4.4 Summary 153 Chapter 5: Temporally Forced Models 155 5.1 Historical Background 155 5.1.1 Seasonality in Other Systems 158 5.2 Modeling Forcing in Childhood Infectious Diseases: Measles 159 5.2.1 Dynamical Consequences of Seasonality: Harmonic and Subharmonic Resonance 160 5.2.2 Mechanisms of Multi-Annual Cycles 163 5.2.3 Bifurcation Diagrams 164 5.2.4 Multiple Attractors and Their Basins 167 5.2.5 Which Forcing Function? 171 5.2.6 Dynamical Trasitions in Seasonally Forced Systems 178 5.3 Seasonality in Other Diseases 181 5.3.1 Other Childhood Infections 181 5.3.2 Seasonality in Wildlife Populations 183 5.3.2.1 Seasonal Births 183 5.3.2.2 Application: Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease 185 5.4 Summary 187 Chapter 6: Stochastic Dynamics 190 6.1 Observational Noise 193 6.2 Process Noise 193 6.2.1 Constant Noise 195 6.2.2 Scaled Noise 197 6.2.3 Random Parameters 198 6.2.4 Summary 199 6.2.4.1 Contrasting Types of Noise 199 6.2.4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages 200 6.3 Event-Driven Approaches 200 6.3.1 Basic Methodology 201 6.3.1.1 The SIS Model 202 6.3.2 The General Approach 203 6.3.2.1 Simulation Time 203 6.3.3 Stochastic Extinctions and The Critical Community Size 205 6.3.3.1 The Importance of Imports 209 6.3.3.2 Measures of Persistence 212 6.3.3.3 Vaccination in a Stochastic Environment 213 6.3.4 Application: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome 214 6.3.5 Individual-Based Models 217 6.4 Parameterization of Stochastic Models 219 6.5 Interaction of Noise with Heterogeneities 219 6.5.1 Temporal Forcing 219 6.5.2 Risk Structure 220 6.5.3 Spatial Structure 221 6.6 Analytical Methods 222 6.6.1 Fokker-Plank Equations 222 6.6.2 Master Equations 223 6.6.3 Moment Equations 227 6.7 Future Directions 230 6.8 Summary 230 Chapter 7: Spatial Models 232 7.1 Concepts 233 7.1.1 Heterogeneity 233 7.1.2 Interaction 235 7.1.3 Isolation 236 7.1.4 Localized Extinction 236 7.1.5 Scale 236 7.2 Metapopulations 237 7.2.1 Types of Interaction 240 7.2.1.1 Plants 240 7.2.1.2 Animals 241 7.2.1.3 Humans 242 7.2.1.4 Commuter Approximations 243 7.2.2 Coupling and Synchrony 245 7.2.3 Extinction and Rescue Effects 246 7.2.4 Levins-Type Metapopulations 250 7.2.5 Application to the Spread of Wildlife Infections 251 7.2.5.1 Phocine Distemper Virus 252 7.2.5.2 Rabies in Raccoons 252 7.3 Lattice-Based Models 255 7.3.1 Coupled Lattice Models 255 7.3.2 Cellular Automata 257 7.3.2.1 The Contact Process 258 7.3.2.2 The Forest-Fire Model 259 7.3.2.3 Application: Power laws in Childhood Epidemic Data 260 7.4 Continuous-Space Continuous-Population Models 262 7.4.1 Reaction-Diffusion Equations 262 7.4.2 Integro-Differential Equations 265 7.5 Individual-Based Models 268 7.5.1 Application: Spatial Spread of Citrus Tristeza Virus 269 7.5.2 Applilcation: Spread of Foot-and-mouth Disease in the United Kingdom 274 7.6 Networks 276 7.6.1 Network Types 277 7.6.1.1 Random Networks 277 7.6.1.2 Lattices 277 7.6.1.3 Small World Networks 279 7.6.1.4 Spatial Networks 279 7.6.1.5 Scale-Free Networks 279 7.6.2 Simulation of Epidemics on Networks 280 7.7 Which Model to Use? 282 7.8 Approximations 283 7.8.1 Pair-Wise Models for Networks 283 7.8.2 Pair-Wise Models for Spatial Processes 286 7.9 Future Directions 287 7.10 Summary 288 Chapter 8: Controlling Infectious Diseases 291 8.1 Vaccination 292 8.1.1 Pediatric Vaccination 292 8.1.2 Wildlife Vaccination 296 8.1.3 Random Mass Vaccination 297 8.1.4 Imperfect Vaccines and Boosting 298 8.1.5 Pulse Vaccination 301 8.1.6 Age-Structured Vaccination 303 8.1.6.1 Application: Rubella Vaccination 304 8.1.7 Targeted Vaccination 306 8.2 Contact Tracing and Isolation 308 8.2.1 Simple Isolation 309 8.2.2 Contact Tracing to Find Infection 312 8.3 Case Study: Smallpox, Contact Tracing, and Isolation 313 8.4 Case Study: Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Spatial Spread, and Local Control 321 8.5 Case Study: Swine Fever Virus, Seasonal Dynamics, and Pulsed Control 327 8.5.1 Equilibrium Properties 329 8.5.2 Dynamical Properties 331 8.6 Future Directions 333 8.7 Summary 334 References 337 Index 361 Parameter Glossary 367

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Book SynopsisIn his seventeen-book Geography, Strabo (ca. 64 BC–ca. AD 25) discusses geographical method, stresses the value of geography, and draws attention to the physical, political, and historical details of separate regions. Geography is a vital source for ancient geography and informative about ancient geographers.

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Book SynopsisWalter Benjamin was perhaps the twentieth century's most elusive intellectual. His writings defy categorization, and his improvised existence has proven irresistible to mythologizers. In a major new biography, Howard Eiland and Michael Jennings present a comprehensive portrait of the man and his times, as well as extensive commentary on his work.Trade Review[An] outstanding and monumental biography of Walter Benjamin… In the thoroughness of their account and the acuity and delicacy of their philosophical analyses, Howard Eiland and Michael Jennings have provided an indispensable sighting of Benjamin’s achievement. -- Anthony Phelan * Times Literary Supplement *[This] is a careful synthesis of all the available sources for Benjamin’s life—letters, diaries, reminiscences of friends—with all of his major writings, to produce the comprehensive account that has been sorely lacking until now… Walter Benjamin: A Critical Life makes clear how intimately Benjamin’s biography was shaped by the history of Europe during his lifetime. -- Adam Kirsch * New York Review of Books *In their superb new biography, Howard Eiland and Michael W. Jennings have given us a portrait of this elusive but paradigmatic thinker that deserves to be ranked among the few truly indispensable intellectual biographies of the modern era. I am tempted to call it a masterpiece. Nearly seven hundred pages in length, this is not only a study of Benjamin’s life, it is also a guide to the bewildering mix of themes and preoccupations that populated this most prolific and unfamiliar of minds… To write the biography of an intellectual is difficult business, since so much of what passes for an event is taking place only in the mind or on the page—but those are the events that really matter. Eiland and Jennings move with deliberation through Benjamin’s major works, expounding and explaining with uncommon lucidity even when the text in question is one of notorious difficulty. The result is not a mere chronicle of a life but also a reliable map into Benjamin’s intellectual labyrinth. -- Peter E. Gordon * New Republic *The most comprehensive biography we are ever likely to have of Benjamin… Both authors have spent close to a lifetime on the subject. The devotion and care evident in their account are clearly based on sympathy and admiration. Their exposition of Benjamin’s thought is exemplary, their sleuthing about his personal life breathtaking. Definitive is an archaic and much abused term that Benjamin would have abhorred; suffice it to say that it is unlikely that anyone will ever be able to tell us more about this German-Jewish thinker or present that knowledge with greater stylistic aplomb. -- Modris Eksteins * Wall Street Journal *[Eiland and Jennings] argue compellingly that as a critic [Benjamin] not only reshaped our understanding of many important writers, but he recognized the potentials and hazards of technological media that revolutionized culture during his lifetime… An impressive work of exegesis… Indispensable. -- Stuart Jeffries * The Guardian *Serious and imposing, it seeks to gather up and bind the threads of Benjamin’s career, unite the unpublished and the half-finished essays and book projects, weaving together a comprehensive biography both of the man and his thought. A great strength of Walter Benjamin: A Critical Life is how it lays out Benjamin’s major works as part of an evolution of thought, providing not only invaluable context to each piece, but tracing each work’s central claims in a lucid and approachable manner. One need not be a PhD to approach this book, and it will intrigue anyone with a passing interest in the intellectual history of the 20th century. With key essays and books given substantive contextualization and explanation, Eiland and Jennings make Benjamin’s work accessible and networked into a larger set of themes and concerns… As omnipresent as [Benjamin’s] tragic fate is throughout the book, Eiland and Jennings also provide a host of surprising (and even delightful) details of Benjamin’s life, which round out the melancholic caricature of him in favor of a complex, conflicted individual. -- Colin Dickey * Los Angeles Review of Books *Impressive… [Eiland and Jennings] portray their subject as a kind of ragpicker in the neglected alleyways of a culture in transition—a specialist in the marginal and mundane, the fragmentary and forgotten… They succeed in offering not only the most comprehensive biography to date, but a tour de force introduction to an incomparably incandescent mind. -- Benjamin Balint * Books & Ideas *Howard Eiland and Michael W. Jennings have rightly sought and successfully produced the thread that gives a biography of Benjamin the kind of weight and significance his influence deserves… Their curiosity in searching out an expanded wealth of details now available about Benjamin, both personal and intellectual, historical and anecdotal, has produced an account that enlivens the already well-known turning points in Benjamin’s development… This biography far surpasses not just any preceding biographical history of Benjamin but in its searching out of what remains consistent in Benjamin it has found the thread that allows a narrative of life and work to unfold in a way that does not subordinate one to the other… This achievement will remain not only a standard and resource-full account of Benjamin but in its comprehensiveness as well as its acute accounts of Benjamin’s thought across the whole range of that thinking, it will continue to provide the foundation for the fuller understanding of his place and contribution to the critical, cultural, political and historical present we have inherited from the twentieth century. -- David Ferris * Critical Inquiry *Walter Benjamin deserves to be more celebrated, and Walter Benjamin: A Critical Life, by Howard Eiland and Michael Jennings, is a step in the right direction. It is an efficient introduction to his work and legacy while also offering a detailed account of Benjamin the man, his strengths and weaknesses and the world he lived in. It is also a deeply poignant story of his struggle to survive in a hostile Europe and his tragic suicide at the age of 48. -- Cyril Kavanaugh * The Guardian *Presented here in what looks like a definitive version, Benjamin’s life emerges as a tragedy of incompleteness. -- John Gray * Literary Review *[Benjamin] produced some of the most memorable and generative critical writing of the last century. There is no end in sight of the need to grapple with that writing and its legacies. This magisterial biography by Eiland and Jennings sets that writing in its place and time with profane illuminations on almost every one of its many pages. Benjamin had scorn for people who produced needlessly ‘fat’ books, but I think this fairly huge one hits the sweet spot of detail. Most biographical treatments to date tend to be half the length or less and content themselves with the highlights and the fairly well known, however well articulated. If one wants more, this ‘critical’ biography is the place to look. -- Ian Balfour * Los Angeles Review of Books *Despite its numerous predecessors, this biography is the first of its kind to succeed in uniting most of the previously published biographical material in one book, including translations of documents which were until now only available in German. With the still-growing interest in Benjamin’s thought, one can expect this book to become the standard English-language biography on Benjamin. In A Critical Life, the contours of Benjamin’s day-to-day life become graspable for the first time. It is fascinating to read about his whereabouts and travels, the people and places that formed the stages for his life and thought… This biography is also an intellectual biography, which puts the reader herself in a position to navigate the labyrinth-like edifice of Benjamin’s thought. For this alone, this biography proves to be a landmark achievement in the history of Benjamin scholarship. -- Sami Khatib * New Inquiry *Through this fair-minded and meticulously detailed biography we can, perhaps for the first time in the extensive literature on Benjamin, see clearly the way that the arc of his life and work, culminating in the overdose of morphine taken in the Hotel de Francia in Port Bou, is an expression of, and also an epic meditation on, the political and aesthetic conditions that provided the context of his coming into maturity as both a thinker and a man. -- Gregory Day * Sydney Morning Herald *[Eiland and Jennings] have produced this massive and gripping account of Benjamin’s life and troubles, testimonial both to their own efforts in bringing his elusive writings into view, and to the circumstances in which Benjamin arrived at such scope, depth and brilliance… This is Benjamin warts and all, but in place of an impressionistic biographical sketch of a life, marked by false starts and a final mischance, what emerges is an astonishing panorama of a life and of theorizing, of research and of publishing, on the crest of that wave of disaster that was the destruction of European Jewry and of German intellectual life. -- Joanna Hodge * Times Higher Education *I’ve been waiting for a book like this since first coming across Benjamin’s mesmerizing essays as a student. Like others who have fallen under his spell, I’ve had to make do with bits and pieces of biographical information over the years, not all of them reliable. Jennings and Eiland have spent almost two decades re-editing and retranslating all of Benjamin’s works and have also managed to create a map through the maze of his restless, exilic life. -- Eric Bulson * Times Literary Supplement *[Benjamin was] one of the most versatile men of letters the 20th century had known… [This is] an epic, 700-page-plus saga of his peripatetic life and his whirlwind of productivity. -- Eric Banks * Bookforum *In this ambitious biography, Benjamin scholars (and editors) Eiland and Jennings chart the protean, prolific—albeit short—life of the German-Jewish critic and philosopher with masterly aplomb. As a literary critic, a dodger of both World Wars, flâneur, and eventual victim of Hitler’s reign, Benjamin (1892–1940) lived with a funny gait, ‘an impenetrable façade’ of courtesy, and severe depression; fearing capture and deportation to Germany, he committed suicide in a Spanish hotel. Born to an affluent Berlin family, Benjamin advocated for the radical youth culture movement and education reform in Germany before he pursued a tenured professor of philosophy post in academia, which he never achieved. With intense wanderlust, Benjamin turned to an itinerant existence as he penned thousands of essays, reviews, and books. Shaping avant-garde realism and arguably inventing pop culture, he wrote that he hoped to be ‘the foremost critic of German literature.’ Leaving Germany for good in 1933, Benjamin spent his last dark decade in exile, where most of his writings contributed to his never completed masterpiece The Arcades Project—‘his cultural history of the emergence of urban commodity capitalism in mid-nineteenth-century France.’ The authors, in impressive and accessible fashion, reveal Benjamin as an eyewitness to Europe’s changing modernity. * Publishers Weekly (starred review) *Here, for the first time, is a thorough, reliable, non-tendentious, and fully developed account of Benjamin’s life and the sources of his work. Walter Benjamin: A Critical Life is by far the best biography of Benjamin that has yet appeared. A remarkable scholarly achievement, it will prove of enduring value and will doubtless become the standard reference work for those who become intrigued by the complicated contours of Benjamin’s life. -- Peter Fenves, Northwestern UniversityWalter Benjamin himself often grappled with the vexed and constantly shifting relations between self and work, life (bios) and writing (graphein). Whatever faint yet abiding hyphen may connect the two, that same line also forever holds them apart. The new biography by Howard Eiland and Michael Jennings, two Benjamin scholars of the first rank, offers a sober, meticulous, and often moving image of Benjamin’s brief life in the shadow of catastrophe. Brilliantly interweaving the conceptual threads of Benjamin’s enigmatic work with his no less enigmatic existence, this impeccably informed and eminently readable account of Benjamin’s life sets a new standard for his biographers and critics in any language. Walter Benjamin: A Critical Life is destined to stand the test of time. -- Gerhard Richter, Brown University

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Book SynopsisThis introductory level text explores various theoretical approaches to human-environment geography, demonstrating how local dynamics and global processes influence how we interact with our environments.Trade Review“This is a great textbook, which introduces students to fundamental concepts in environmental geography and science. . . It is warmly recommended to bachelor students in human ecology and to master degree students in environmental sciences and geography.” (International Journal Environment & Pollution, 1 October 2014) “Contributes a much-needed geographic perspective to the burgeoning, interdiscplinary field of environmental studies...Where many environmental science texts operate from the assumption that nature is a place without humans, this book demonstrates that even forests and soils have a human history...Wellsuited to beginning undergraduates. Chapters contain clear learning objectives, summaries, and end-of-chapter questions. Scientific and social scientific concepts are explained with a minimum of technical terminology. Geography students will find it provides a solid foundation for future studies in human-environment interactions...fills an important niche by adding a distinctly geographical voice to the environmental studies conversation.” (Journal of Geography, September 2014) “As a primer on the sort of ideas that should be considered, this is a useful addition.” (Ecogeog, 1 May 2014) "Summing Up: Recommended. Lower-division undergraduate and graduate readers." (Choice, 1 May 2014)Table of ContentsNotes on the Authors ix Preface and Acknowledgments xi Part I: Fundamentals of Human–Environment Geography 1 1 Introduction: A Geographic Perspective on Human–Environment Interactions 3 2 The Politics of Nature 31 3 The Biophysical Environment 47 Part II: Contemporary Perspectives in Human–Environment Geography 87 4 Cultural and Political Ecology: Local Human–Environment Interactions in a Global Context 89 5 Environmental History 111 6 Hazards Geography and Human Vulnerability 137 7 Environmental Justice: The Uneven Distribution of People, Pollution, and Environmental Opportunity 157 Part III: Thematic Issues in Human–Environment Geography 189 8 Climate, Atmosphere, and Energy 191 9 The Population–Consumption–Technology Nexus 227 10 Agriculture and Food Systems 255 11 Biodiversity, Conservation, and Protected Areas 285 12 Water Resources and Fishing Livelihoods 309 Part IV: Bridging Theory and Practice 341 13 Geographic Research 343 14 Conclusion: Making a Difference 375 Index 389

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Book SynopsisIn this history of Japanese involvement in northeast China, the author argues that Japan's military seizure of Manchuria in September 1931 was founded on three decades of infiltration of the area. This incremental empire-building and its effect on Japan are the focuses of this book.Trade ReviewLurking behind the deceptively specialist title of this monograph lies an important and engaging book...In the described historical events, Japan found itself pulled deeper and deeper into a quagmire that led to a disastrous war. Matsusaka uses a chronological approach to examine the roles of the Foreign Ministry, the Army, and the South Manchuria Railway. The result casts great light on a crucial phase of Japanese imperial history while at the same time enthralling the reader with a tale to compete with a good novel. -- R. B. Lyman Jr. * Choice *

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Book SynopsisWhat does it mean for the future of the planet when one of the world’s most durable authoritarian governance systems pursues “ecological civilization”? Despite its staggering pollution and colossal appetite for resources, China exemplifies a model of state-led environmentalism which concentrates decisive political, economic, and epistemic power under centralized leadership. On the face of it, China seems to embody hope for a radical new approach to environmental governance. In this thought-provoking book, Yifei Li and Judith Shapiro probe the concrete mechanisms of China’s coercive environmentalism to show how ‘going green’ helps the state to further other agendas such as citizen surveillance and geopolitical influence. Through top-down initiatives, regulations, and campaigns to mitigate pollution and environmental degradation, the Chinese authorities also promote control over the behavior of individuals and enterprises, pacification of borderlands, and expansion of Chinese power and influence along the Belt and Road and even into the global commons. Given the limited time that remains to mitigate climate change and protect millions of species from extinction, we need to consider whether a green authoritarianism can show us the way. This book explores both its promises and risks.Trade Review“A clearly written, comprehensive and timely volume, China Goes Green will help students, researchers, and the general public understand how to think about China’s ’authoritarian environmentalism’ — or more accurately, as Li and Shapiro argue — ‘environmental authoritarianism’ under Xi Jinping. A concise guide to a very important issue.”Emily Yeh, University of Colorado Boulder “China Goes Green brilliantly redefines our understanding of modern Chinese governance, dismantling a simplified portrait and illuminating the force, and the flaws, of the centralized approach that some officials call the ‘era of coercion.’ These insights are vital to understanding not only China’s environmental policy but also its handling of public-health emergencies and other issues of urgent global interest.” Evan Osnos, author of Age of Ambition: Chasing Fortune, Truth and Faith in the New China“Even as someone well versed in this material, I learned a great deal from this impressive text. I would absolutely use it with my students.”Matto Mildenberger, University of California, Santa Barbara“Faith in the capacity of western forms of governance to meet the rising challenges of the Anthropocene is waning. Many find in China's brand of authoritarian environmentalism an appealing alternative. But can the appeal of this alternative withstand close scrutiny? Without denying or downplaying China's environmental achievements, Li and Shapiro subject China's environmental record to a systematic assessment. The result is a sobering account of what the authors describe as environmental authoritarianism in contrast to authoritarian environmentalism. An important argument that is particularly timely at this moment.”Oran Young, University of California, Santa Barbara‘Li and Shapiro trenchantly explore environmentalism as an element of China’s deepening and globalizing authoritarianism, while also showing that a measure of citizen involvement, or “supervision by the masses,” is required for such projects to succeed. Through nuanced case studies from urban air quality to reforestation, China Goes Green inspires us to focus on the relationship between sustainability and freedom – an endangered species in our increasingly illiberal world.’Jesse Ribot, American University “China Goes Green: Coercive Environmentalism for a Troubled Planet is a nuanced account of what China has done so far, and what lessons the world can learn from the authoritarian tone of environmentalism in China.”The Earthbound Report“broad and deep, well documented and clear”Asian Review of Books “an important work that recasts the trade-offs of tackling catastrophic climate change.”Journal of Political Ecology “Highly recommended for China scholars, those interested in the impact of China's growing global role, and everyone looking to understand how much coercion is necessary in environmental politics.”Jessica C. Teets, Governance “a deeply perceptive book”Mahesh Rangarajan, The Telegraph India “timely…a deep exploration of the environmental governance system under China’s characteristic authoritarian regime.”International Journal of Asian Studies“[A]n in-depth analysis of the Chinese approach to solving environmental issues.”Europe-Asia Studies"(a) remarkable and long overdue book... its enormous strength is its comprehensive and well-balanced combination of ambitious theorizing and hard empirics." The China Quarterly

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Book SynopsisMaps play an indispensable role in indigenous peoplesâ efforts to secure land rights in the Americas and beyond. Yet indigenous peoples did not invent participatory mapping techniques on their own; they appropriated them from techniques developed for colonial rule and counterinsurgency campaigns, and refined by anthropologists and geographers. Through a series of historical and contemporary examples from Nicaragua, Canada, and Mexico, this book explores the tension between military applications of participatory mapping and its use for political mobilization and advocacy. The authors analyze the emergence of indigenous territories as spaces defined by a collective way of life--and as a particular kind of battleground.Trade Review"A gripping account of how academic research, military intelligence, and indigenous mapping projects became embroiled in the service of geopolitics. Bryan and Wood present an adventure story of geopolitical struggle right in the heart of geographical research institutions in the United States and indigenous communities in the Americas. This book is necessary reading for geographers and all social scientists interested in the ways in which knowledge production and state interests merged in the late 20th century."--John Pickles, PhD, Earl N. Phillips Distinguished Professor of International Studies, Department of Geography, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill "'Map or be mapped,' the saying goes among those associated with the wave of participatory mapping that began in the 1980s. Weaponizing Maps gives this saying radically new meaning, with equal parts analytic depth and political charge. Readers inclined to use maps for causes of social justice will proceed fully informed of the daunting forces they are up against--from the counterinsurgency designs of the world’s most powerful military to ostensibly progressive scholars who deploy the fine tradition of participatory mapping toward dubious ends."--Charles R. Hale, PhD, Director, LLILAS Benson Latin American Studies and Collections, University of Texas at Austin "Bold and confrontational. Bryan and Wood pull no punches in their indictment of the creeping militarization of geography and the once-respected American Geographical Society. The book's legacy will be marked by the extent to which geographers rethink their relationships with indigenous groups. It’s quite possible that we’re seeing the next generation of critical thinking about mapping in this book."--Jeremy Crampton, PhD, Department of Geography, University of Kentucky "Using Oaxaca as a case study of a global trend, the book makes a compelling case that militarized colonial geographies seek to replace Indigenous collective lands with a privatized Western model, under the guise of both national security and Native self-determination. But the book is also a rich example of interdisciplinary inquiry, straddling the normative divides between domestic and foreign colonialism, historical and contemporary surveys, academic and activist analysis, and Indigenous and Left discourse. It is essential for understanding land disputes of the 21st century, anywhere in Native America or the world."--Zoltán Grossman, PhD, Professor of Geography and Native Studies, The Evergreen State College -At times refreshingly polemical and unapologetically critical, Bryan and Wood provide valuable historical sketches that link the ideological and material ramifications of maps on indigenous communities and trace the development of property-based cartographic and geographic logics during wartime. Though the México Indígena project serves as a focal point, the authors deftly weave together the development of the American Geographical Society, the rise of indigenous mapping projects in the 1990s and their subsequent limitations, and the relationship between dominant geographic practices and the academic-military-industrial complex.--Great Plains Research, 10/18/2017ƒƒJoe and Denis trace how maps, over and over and over again, perform vital discursive work, how they transform territory into property, how they create facts, and how those facts seem to, time and time again, serve the particular interest of the state and/or capital at the expense of certain groups of people.--Human Geography, 3/28/2017ƒƒRecommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above.--Choice Reviews, 10/1/2015Table of ContentsList of Figures A Narrative Table of Contents 1. In the Rincón of the Sierra Juárez 2. The Decline and Fall of the Once August American Geographical Society 3. “Red Mike” Edson’s U.S. Marine Patrols Up Nicaragua’s Río Coco in 1928–1929 and the Development of the Small Wars Manual 4. The Birth of Indigenous Mapping In Canada 5. Maps, Guns, and Indigenous Peoples 6. From Territory to Property: Indigenous Mapping after the Cold War 7. Counterinsurgency and the Rise of the “Warrior Scholars” 8. The AGS, the Bowman Expeditions, and the México Indígena Project Coda: Kill the Insurgent, Save the Man—Indigenous Peoples and Human Terrain A Note on Maps Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisExam Board: AQA, OCR, Edexcel, WJEC Eduqas, WJECLevel: A-levelSubject: GeographyFirst teaching: September 2016First exams: Summer 2017 (AS), Summer 2018 (A-level)Don''t let your students miss out on easy marks; help them improve their skills and feel confident about the maths they need for AS/A-level Geography with this essential guide.If your students struggle with student t-test or Spearman rank correlation, this is the book for them. This textbook companion will improve students'' essential maths skills for geography, whichever awarding body specification you''re following. You can use it throughout the course, whenever you feel your students need some extra help.- Develop understanding of both maths and geography using worked examples and questions that are all set within a geography context- Improve confidence with a step-by-step approach to every maths skill- Measure progress with

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Book SynopsisUntil recently, seaweed for most Americans was nothing but a nuisance, clinging to us as we swim in the ocean and stinking up the beach as it rots in the sun. This book takes the reader on a tour of seaweed, describing what seaweeds actually are - algae, not plants - and how people of different cultures have utilized them since prehistoric times.Trade Review"Ole G. Mouritsen's Seaweeds is a wonderfully wide-ranging, beautifully illustrated introduction to these strange, underappreciated, delicious forms of life." -Harold McGee, author of On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen "Seaweeds is by far the most comprehensive, informative, and creative offering on macroalgae I have ever seen. And to this wealth of information, Ole G. Mouritsen has added many personal anecdotes, unusual recipes, and beautiful pictures. Anyone with simple curiosity or extensive knowledge about marine algae will enjoy this extraordinary book." -Shep Erhart, author of Sea Vegetable Celebration"

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Book SynopsisJohn Churchill, the Duke of Marlborough (1644-1722), was one of the greatest military commanders and statesman in the history of England. His descendant, Sir Winston Churchill wrote this work as both an act of homage, and as an historical insight into the man behind the statesman.Trade Review"The greatest historical work written in our century, an inexhaustible mine of political wisdom and understanding, which should be required reading for every student of political science." - Leo Strauss, University of Chicago "Rarely in the history of historical writing have author and subject seemed so made for each other." - Henry Steele Commager

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Book SynopsisThis extraordinary family account begins with the author's two illustrious grandfathers: one, a provincial samurai who became a founding father of the Meiji government; the other, a scion of a wealthy and enterprising peasant family who almost single-handedly developed the silk trade with America.Trade ReviewSamurai and Silk is beautifully written, with a sense of intimacy that only firsthand experience and family traditions could confer. It is also a work of broad historical value, since both grandfathers played a major role in reshaping Japan and laying the foundations of its modern economic power. -- John Gross * New York Times *[Haru Reischauer] is a sensitive and skilled biographer and storyteller. Full of charm and insight… Samurai and Silk is at once an autobiography, a double biography, and a family saga covering three generations. It is a treat to read… Samurai and Silk may be the Japan book of the year, and one does not have to be an old Japan hand to savor its pleasures. -- David S. Williams * Los Angeles Times Book Review *What gives Samurai and Silk special value is that it approaches the story of modern Japan through that of Mrs. Reischauer’s own family. This has made possible the use of family records not only to give point and liveliness to much of what she writes, but also, because of the particular strands of lineage that came together in her parents’ generation, to demonstrate some of the central realities of Japanese modernization. -- W. G. Beasley * Times Literary Supplement *The book offers a superb portrait, containing both the broad strokes and the fine details of a crucial era in Japan’s history. -- Alan Moores * Asiaweek *

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Book SynopsisStephen Jay Gould’s subject is nothing less than geology’s signal contribution to human thought—the discovery of “deep time,” the vastness of earth’s history, a history so ancient that we can comprehend it only as metaphor.Trade ReviewThe blasphemous and dwarfing revelation of ‘deep time’ forms the underlying drama of [this book]… In the monthly essays with which Gould has been amusing and edifying the readers of Natural History magazine for some fifteen years, he now and then shows a surprisingly fond acquaintance with the debunked and forgotten theories that litter the history of science: the present book, an expanded version of lectures given at Hebrew University in Jerusalem, considers three early British geologists—Thomas Brunet (1635–1715), James Hutton (1726–1797) and Charles Lyell (1797–1875)—who he feels have been misrepresented in the contemporary textbook version of geology’s progress… Gould’s lucid animated style, rarely slowed by even a touch of the ponderous, leads us deftly through the labyrinth of faded debates and perceptions… Gould, with a passion that approaches the lyrical, argues for a retrospective tolerance in science and against fashions that would make heroes and villains of men equally committed to the cause of truth and equally immersed in the metaphors and presumptions of their culture and time. -- John Updike * New Yorker *This new work arises from Gould’s delivery of the first series of Harvard–Jerusalem lectures presented at Hebrew University in April 1985. It is a highly individualistic document (Gould admits it to be ‘a quest for personal understanding’) and sometimes discursive (the book opens within the works of Sigmund Freud and closes outside the south front of the Cathedral of our Lady of Chartres), but it is always highly readable… Vastly entertaining and stimulating… Gould’s subject here is geological time; he is concerned with aspects of the discovery of what John McPhee has appropriately termed ‘deep time’… Underlying the entire book, however, lurks yet another and still deeper theme which should commend the work to a readership far wider than historians of ideas and of science. Gould both explicitly and implicitly demonstrates that science is a creation of human minds which are ever feeling the influence of pressures far removed from those natural phenomena that are laid out before the scientist’s gaze. -- Gordon L. Herries Davies * Nature *In [this book], Gould has turned to the history of geology, a field very close to his main concerns as a paleontologist. He offers a revisionist historical account of the discovery of geological time. If anyone suspects that Gould has at last written a book on a rather dry historical question, I should emphasize that he has hit upon a rich subject and has written a highly perceptive and fascinating book. Furthermore, his latest volume offers his readers a valuable insight into his wider intellectual vision, providing them with a literary blueprint for a number of the basic concerns that unite his many essays and books. To understand Gould one should read his new book. -- Frank J. Sulloway * New York Times Book Review *Gould provides a fascinating, informally written excursion into the ways we conceptualize the past. He explores a central dichotomy between time’s arrow (a unilinear Newtonian succession of unique events) and time’s cycle (the recursive patterns that reappear in a world that remains fundamentally unchanged)… With its accessible style and its range of subjects, the book will be read by the same wide audience that has enjoyed Gould’s earlier collections of essays… [The book] carries an enthusiasm, intelligence, and sense of purpose that render it a worthy follower to Gould’s earlier work. Entertaining, sometimes annoying, highly personal, but never dull, this is the shortest of Gould’s books, but also his most adventurous and experimental. -- J. A. Secord * Times Higher Education Supplement *Gould’s unabashed enthusiasm transforms his material. Every page pulses with his own excitement at seizing a subject so personally satisfying to him… This slim book, so plainly the product of one man’s love for his subject, did not ‘have’ to be written—but leaves us grateful that it was. -- Robert Kanigel * Los Angeles Herald-Examiner *Gould, geologist, paleontologist, and zoologist, is one of those relatively rare men of science who has gained a deep insight into the nature of his science and who has also developed a sense of history that is uncommon among scientists… Time’s Arrow, Time’s Cycle ought to be on the required reading list of every geologist and every student of the science. -- Dwight E. Mayo * American Scientist *Geological time, its enormousness and humankind’s place in it, is the great intellectual contribution of geology. In his latest book, Stephen Jay Gould shows us how its discovery embraced both time’s cycle and time’s arrow, and how, because these metaphors went unrecognized, we misinterpret geologic discoveries. Gould’s style will be familiar to his readers—the historical snippets, the dichotomies, the odd and unusual, the common, the startling, and the contrary are all here. -- Jere H. Lipps * New Scientist *In his painstaking yet engaging manner, Gould examines three central documents in the evolution of our notions about geological time. These works have been connected wrongly, Gould finds, in an arrowlike progression of their own, from religious notions of Earth’s creation as God’s fast work to empirically based theories of slow, steady changes… Gould’s chosen task is significant nonetheless—setting the record of that discovery arrow-straight. He’s done that in his unusual book with his usual charm and erudition. -- Don Lessem * Smithsonian *What you read in textbooks and what your teachers told you is really wrong, Gould expounds. All this is a lot of fun, and there is such history and philosophy to intellectually chew on in this book… As we have come to expect from Gould, this book is interesting and clear. -- Eugenie C. Scott * American Journal of Physical Anthropology *Table of Contents*1. The Discovery of Deep Time * Deep Time * Myths of Deep Time * On Dichotomy * Time's Arrow and Time's Cycle * Caveats *2. Thomas Burnet's Battleground of Time * Burner's Frontispiece * The Burnet of Textbooks * Science versus Religion? * Burnet's Methodology * The Physics of History * Time's Arrow, Time's Cycle: Conflict and Resolution * Burnet and Steno as Intellectual Partners in the Light of Time's Arrow and Time's Cycle *3. James Hutton's Theory of the Earth: A Machine without a History * Picturing the Abyss of Time * Hutton's World Machine and the Provision of Deep Time * The Hutton of Legend * Hutton Disproves His Legend * The Sources of Necessary Cyclicity * Hutton's Paradox: Or, Why the Discoverer of Deep Time Denied History * Borges's Dilemma and Hutton's Motto * Playfair: A Boswell with a Difference * A Word in Conclusion and Prospect *4. Charles Lyell, Historian of Time's Cycle * The Case of Professor Ichthyosaurus * Charles Lyell, Self-Made in Cardboard * Lyell's Rhetorical Triumph: The Miscasting of Catastrophism * Lyell's Defense of Time's Cycle * Lyell, Historian of Time's Cycle * The Partial Unraveling of Lyell's World View * Epilogue *5. Boundaries * Hampton's Throne and Burnet's Frontispiece * The Deeper Themes of Arrows and Cycles * Bibliography * Index

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Book SynopsisBetween 1350 and 1750 the world reached a tipping point of global connectedness. In this volume of the acclaimed series A History of the World, noted international scholars examine five critical geographical areas where exploration and empire building led to expanding interaction—early signals on every continent of a shrinking globe.Trade ReviewA solid introduction to the period from a global perspective. -- M. E. Wiesner * Choice *

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Book SynopsisModern Japan offers us a view of a highly developed society with its own internal logic. Eiko Ikegami makes this logic accessible to us through a sweeping investigation into the roots of Japanese organizational structures.Trade ReviewEiko Ikegami examines the nature and historical development of the samurai ethos, specifically concepts of honour, in the belief that the ideas which evolved among samurai in that context in pre-modern Japan do much to explain the paradox that a society almost universally regarded as conformist has undergone changes in the past 100 years that have been radical, even revolutionary, and owed much of their character to individual initiative. It is a very large subject… Professor Ikegami has produced a book of major importance for the understanding of Japan. * Times Literary Supplement *This book has already been widely praised by prominent American political scientists and historians for answering how the Japanese achieved modernity without traveling the route taken by Western countries. At once a remarkable historical study of the samurai warrior class from its ancient origins to its transformation under the Tokugawa regime and a comparative study that makes Japan available for analysis alongside other great instances of state formation… Beautifully written. It will undoubtedly become standard reading in universities around the world. * Foreign Affairs *[Ikegami’s] analysis…constitute[s] a very important contribution combining historical, sociological, and anthropological approaches to the analysis of Japanese society and history… Full of very important insights. -- S. N. Eisenstadt * American Journal of Sociology *Eiko Ikegami’s study of the samurai during Japan’s feudal period is a book of considerable intellectual sophistication. The analysis is rigorous and elegant, and in the course of time will no doubt be regarded as the definitive statement on this subject… This is a superb book. -- T. L. Richardson * Asian Affairs *Ikegami’s mastery of the sources, not only for the Tokugawa Period but going all the way back to the beginning of Japanese history, is most impressive… One can learn a great deal about premodern Japanese society from this book. -- Robert N. Bellah * Contemporary Sociology *Ikegami offers persuasive, well-documented answers in this remarkable book. Two interwoven and recurring themes are central to her thesis. The first is the samurai ethos of what she labels ‘honorific individualism’ marked by an obsession with personal dignity, self-esteem, and reputation… The second is the unresolvable and dramatic conflict between autonomy and heteronomy—between the violence-based honor of the samurai elite and the need to control them under a collective political order. Ikegami explores the historical sites and paths of these themes, painstakingly tracing their origins, development, transformation, and recurrence. The final product is a historical sociology of Japan on a grand scale… The book deserves the attention of anyone interested in historical and comparative sociology or ethnography, cultural psychology, and enduring issues of individual freedom versus social order… Non-academic readers will find an educational and entertaining story in this elegantly written book. -- Takie Sugiyama Lebra * Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies *Ikegami’s multidimensional approach fuses historical and political processes with an examination of four aspects of samurai life: the system of vassalage; the emergence of the ie, or house, as a social unit among the landed military elite; the military role of the samurai and the nature of warfare; and the relationship of the samurai class to other social classes… In addition to explaining the cultural origins of contemporary forms of social organization in Japan, The Taming of the Samurai makes a major contribution to the cross-cultural study of individuality and identity. -- Janet Goff * Japan Quarterly *An important contribution to Japanese sociology and history. -- Carl Steenstrup * Journal of Japanese Studies *The story of how the forty-seven loyal retainers took revenge for their lord’s death in 1703 is the most retold tale in Japanese literature and history, but Ikegami brings to it a fresh perspective based on her historical analysis of what honor meant in samurai society… Packed with ideas, this book is certain to be debated long and hard in Japanese history circles. it is to be hoped that it will have a similar impact on scholars trying to understand the ingredients of state formation in societies around the world. -- Anne Walthall * Journal of Social History *This book is a must for those who wish to know why Japan succeeded in its industrialization effort and how the otherwise paradoxical sense of collectivism versus individualism exists in Japan. General readers; upper-division undergraduates and above. -- M. Y. Rynn * Choice *Ikegami analyzes the Japanese state so sure-handedly that old prejudices fall away and the Japanese path of change, in all its distinctness, becomes available for comparison with other great experiences of state formation. Japanese traits that once seemed peculiarities of an inscrutable culture become, in her deft treatment, understandable consequences of a vast political transformation. -- Charles Tilly, Center for Studies of Social Change, The New School for Social ResearchTable of ContentsI. A Sociological Approach Introduction 1. Honor, State Formation, and Social Theories II. Origins in Violence 2. The Coming of the Samurai: Violence and Culture in the Ancient World 3. Vassalage and Honor 4. The Rite of Honorable Death: Warfare and the Samurai Sensibility III. Disintegration and Reorganization 5. Social Reorganization in the Late Medieval Period 6. A Society Organized for War IV. The Paradoxical Nature of Tokugawa

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Book SynopsisHow did the conflict between Vietnamese nationalists and French colonial rulers erupt into a major Cold War struggle between communism and Western liberalism? In this work, leading scholars examine various dimensions of the struggle between France and Vietnamese revolutionaries that began in 1945 and reached its climax at Dien Bien Phu.Trade ReviewOffers a well-written, important step toward a refocus on the international context of an important Cold War conflict. -- Douglas Porch * Journal of Military History *Few Americans realize that the U.S. war in Vietnam was preceded by an equally destructive war waged by French troops attempting to reestablish French colonial domination over the country after Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnamese independence in Hanoi in 1945. Even fewer Americans are aware of the extent of U.S. involvement in the French war, and are equally ignorant of the astonishing extent to which Americans began their war in Vietnam from the same mistaken assumptions as the French, repeating many of the same errors of judgment as the French. This new collection will do much to dispel that ignorance. -- C. L. Yates * Choice *A fresh collection of stimulating and impressive essays on the First Vietnam War. Lawrence and Logevall have brought together the leading scholars of the period in what will be essential reading for anyone interested in colonialism and the early Cold War. -- Robert K. Brigham, Vassar CollegeThe most important contribution in decades to the international history of the First Vietnam War. These essays by leading specialists show how the Indochina War connected key participants and historical forces in the making of the post-1945 international system. This book belongs in the library of anyone interested in the Cold War, decolonization, Asian history, Vietnamese studies, and international history. -- Christopher Goscha, Université du Québec à MontréalA splendid collection of essays based on sources from across the world and covering a wide range of topics. An indispensable addition to the literature on the First Vietnam War. -- George C. Herring, University of KentuckyThe First Vietnam War beautifully illustrates the complex interplay between the emerging Cold War, the disintegrating colonial order, and the vibrant social, political, and cultural forces inside Indochina. The volume confirms the promise of the new international history—multi-archival, multi-national, and multi-causal. -- Melvyn P. Leffler, University of VirginiaIn this important book an impressive international group of historians sheds fresh light on the First Indochina War. The years 1945 to 1954 are not just a crucial, formative period for the Vietnamese–American relationship, but also a significant chapter in the international history of the twentieth century. This work will prove most welcome to scholars and general readers alike. -- Robert J. McMahon, The Ohio State UniversityTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Abbreviations 1. Introduction Mark Atwood Lawrence and Fredrik Logevall Part I. The First Vietnam War in History 2. Making Sense of the French War: The Postcolonial Moment and the First Vietnam War, 1945-1954 Mark Philip Bradley 3. Vietnamese Historians and the First Indochina War Lien-Hang T. Nguyen Part II. From One War to Another 4. Franklin Roosevelt, Trusteeship, and Indochina: A Reassessment Stein Tonnesson 5. Creating Defense Capacity in Vietnam, 1945-1947 David G. Marr 6. Forging the "Great Combination": Britain and the Indochina Problem, 1945-1950 Mark Atwood Lawrence 7. French Imperial Reconstruction and the Development of the Indochina War, 1945-1950 Martin Thomas Part III. Colonialism and Cold War 8. Ho Chi Minh and the Strategy of People's War William J. Duiker 9. The Declining Value of Indochina: France and the Economics of Empire, 1950-1955 Laurent Cesari 10. France, the United States, and Indochina Marilyn B. Young Part IV. The End of the French War and the Coming of the Americans 11. Assessing Dien Bien Phu John Prados 12. China and the Indochina Settlement at the Geneva Conference of 1954 Chen Jian 13. After Geneva: The French Presence in Vietnam, 1954-1963 Kathryn C. Statler 14. Chronicle of a War Foretold: The United States and Vietnam, 1945-1954 Andrew J. Rotter Notes Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisThe collapse of the Ming dynasty and the Manchu conquest of China were traumatic experiences for Chinese intellectuals. The 12 chapters in this volume and the introductory essays on early Qing poetry, prose, and drama understand the writings of this era wholly or in part as attempts to recover from or transcend the trauma of the transition years.

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Book SynopsisDragonflies and Damselflies of the West is the first fully illustrated field guide to all 348 species of dragonflies and damselflies in western North America. Dragonflies and damselflies are large, stunningly beautiful insects, as readily observable as birds and butterflies. This unique guide makes identifying them easy--its compact size and user-friendly design make it the only guide you need in the field. Every species is generously illustrated with full-color photographs and a distribution map, and structural features are illustrated where they aid in-hand identification. Detailed species accounts include information on size, distribution, flight season, similar species, habitat, and natural history. Dennis Paulson''s introduction provides an essential primer on the biology, natural history, and conservation of these important and fascinating insects, along with helpful tips on how to observe and photograph them. Dragonflies and Damselflies of the West is the field guide naturalists, conservationists, and dragonfly enthusiasts have been waiting for. Covers all 348 western species in detail Features a wealth of color photographs Provides a color distribution map for every species Includes helpful identification tips Serves as an essential introduction to dragonflies and their natural history Trade ReviewHonorable Mention for the 2009 National Outdoor Book Award in Nature Guidebooks "Who knew that there were 348 species of dragonflies and damselflies in the Western United States? That fact alone should make nature lovers who enjoy traveling to wild places want to check out Dennis Paulson's new book, Dragonflies and Damselflies of the West, published by Princeton University Press... This guide includes information on flight seasons, habitat and natural history in the description of each insect as well as helpful tips on how to observe and photograph them."--Salt Lake Tribune "Bird watching has been a common hobby for centuries, and butterfly watching has become popular in the last few decades. Odonate watching is the newest pastime. Here, Paulson offers a comprehensive guide to Odonata of western North America... This well-written, informative guide is a 'must have' for any person, amateur or scholar, interested in these insects."--Choice "[T]hese volumes are obviously authoritative, comprehensive and clearly designed with the needs of the naturalist in mind. The photographs are excellent and ... the text makes up for the unavoidable shortcomings of a photo-guide by including full descriptions of each species. Altogether, these two volumes constitute a complete, highly informative and beautifully illustrated guide to the Odonata of North America."--Guy Padfield, UKbutterfliesTable of ContentsPreface 7 Introduction 9 Natural History of Odonates 11 Odonate Anatomy 22 Odonate Colors 26 Odonate Names 27 Finding Odonates 28 Identifying Odonates 29 Odonate Photography 31 Odonate Collecting and Collections 32 Odonate Threats and Conservation 35 Odonate Research 36 Odonates in the West 37 Explanation of Species Accounts 37 Damselflies (Zygoptera) 41 Broad- winged Damsel Family (Calopterygidae) 41 Spreadwing Family (Lestidae) 50 Pond Damsel Family (Coenagrionidae) 73 Shadowdamsel Family (Platystictidae) 184 Threadtail Family (Protoneuridae) 186 Dragonflies (Anisoptera) 191 Petaltail Family (Petaluridae) 191 Darner Family (Aeshnidae) 194 Clubtail Family (Gomphidae) 237 Spiketail Family (Cordulegastridae) 308 Cruiser Family (Macromiidae) 314 Emerald Family (Corduliidae) 323 Skimmer Family (Libellulidae) 372 Species Added to the Western Fauna 519 Appendix: Dragonfly Publications and Resources 521 Glossary 523 Index 527

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Book SynopsisWho invented God? When, why, and where? Thomas Römer seeks to answer these enigmatic questions about the deity of the great monotheisms—Yhwh, God, or Allah—by tracing Israelite beliefs and their context from the Bronze Age to the end of the Old Testament period in the third century BCE, in a masterpiece of detective work and exposition.Trade ReviewRömer, a distinguished scholar rather than an ideologue, seeks to determine exactly what is historical and exactly what is not in the depiction of God. This is a brilliant book. -- Robert A. Segal * Times Higher Education *Römer presents a scholarly and provocative account of how a minor tribal deity likely grew to become—or revealed himself to be—Lord of Creation. -- David O’Reilly * Philadelphia Inquirer *Römer is interested in the emergence of a deity whose nature is now so familiar that its startling originality no longer startles. -- Brian Bethune * Maclean’s *It reads very well, is well translated and has a bit of the excitement of discovery for engaged readers. -- John C. Endres and Jean-François Racine * America *Römer deftly weaves together evidence from the Bible with extra-biblical archeological finds that mention Israel and Yhwh to outline the development of monotheism… Not until Jerusalem’s destruction in 587 BCE did Yhwh become the universal, monotheistic god untied to place or particular monarch, the god who was later adopted by Christians and Muslims. Römer writes with clarity and accuracy and tells a compelling story. This book is a masterful work, tying together an enormous amount of information in a concise format. * Publishers Weekly (starred review) *There is nothing quite like this book in English. The Invention of God traces the history of the God of Israel from the late Bronze Age to the Hellenistic period, charting the rise of Yhwh as the sole God. The period covered is vast, the thesis is provocative and stimulating, and the scholarship is cutting-edge. -- Timothy Lim, University of EdinburghRömer is a sure-footed guide to what is often a difficult discussion. A learned and elegant book. -- Nathan MacDonald, University of CambridgeRömer is the first to have brought all the relevant material together in such an accessible form, setting out both literary and archaeological evidence clearly and readably. -- John Barton * Church Times *[An] excellent book…A masterly work of historical detection that looks at the evolution of Jewish faith from the Bronze Age to the Hellenic period. This is a superb work of scholarship. -- Paul Richardson * The Church of England Newspaper *

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Book SynopsisWhat adventure novelist could have invented the life of Giuseppe Garibaldi? This title tells the story of Garibaldi's public and private life, separating its myth-like reality from the outright myths that have surrounded Garibaldi since his own day.Trade Review"Hailed as 'the Hero of Two Worlds' for his exploits in South America and in Europe, Garibaldi must have become the most famous person on the planet. Alfonso Scirocco has written an old-fashioned biography with a strong narrative, vivid battle scenes, and confident characterization. Scirocco's portrait of Garibaldi, 'an idealist without ideologies,' is attractive and fair...detailed and useful."--David Gilmour, New York Review of Books "Alfonso Scirocco's Garibaldi is distinctly old-fashioned in approach. But as a traditional biography it is very good, and has the traditional virtues. It is well written and extremely well translated by Allan Cameron, it is up to date on the huge Garibaldi literature, it has plenty of illuminating detail, and it pays a proper regard to his early life and South American experiences."--Martin Clark, Times Literary Supplement "Alfonso Scirocco's Garibaldi: Citizen of the World...[is a] standard biography...Scirocco reminds us that the man behind the myth generally lived up to his billing in a manner that was matched by few of his counterparts--then or now."--Dianne N. Labrosse, Montreal Gazette "A fine biography for all drawn to Garibaldi's heroic role in Italy's Risorgimento."--Gilbert Taylor, Booklist "Garibaldi: Citizen of the World, by Italian historian Alfonso Scirocco, is the traditional bio that tells you who Garibaldi was, what he did, and why he is revered...Scirocco narrates Garibaldi's life with appropriate respect, if not reverence...After finishing Scirocco's account of Garibaldi's life, the great insurgent emerges as traditionally understood: enormously admirable, patriotic, nonmaterialistic, generous, a charismatic leader who typicallly refused honors."--Carlin Romano, Philadelphia Inquirer "[An] enthralling biography...[Garibaldi's] story remains remarkable and inspiring."--Allan Massie, Spectator "Since his death in 1882, Giuseppe Garibaldi has been portrayed as a heroic military leader, a man who shaped his own image, and, of course, [w]as the guiding spirit behind the unification of Italy. Scirocco has added to the work of previous scholars with this biography, in which he shows that Garibaldi remained true throughout his life to the ideals of Saint-Simon. Faithfulness to a utopian philosophy did not, however, mean political consistency... Scirocco is scholarly and lucid in explaining [Garibaldi's] inconsistencies, and he is equally impressive in showing how Garibaldi navigated his way between his allies (who were at the same time his rivals), especially Camillo Benso (conte di Cavour) and Giuseppe Mazzini. A magisterial work of history."--S. Bailey, Knox College, for CHOICE "Scirocco's book ... is notable for its emphasis on parts of [Garibaldi's] biography that are not generally accented and because it provides the facts of an uncommon life in one convenient source more than do existing, older biographies in English."--Spencer M. Di Scala, Journal of Military History "Anyone unfamiliar with Garibaldi will find Scirocco's book a useful place to start."--Mark I. Choate, HistorianTable of ContentsIntroduction ix Chapter 1: Sailing the Mediterranean 1 Chapter 2: From Conspiracy to Exile 17 Chapter 3: The Rio Interlude 27 Chapter 4: Privateer 39 Chapter 5: In Rio Grande 54 Chapter 6: Loves, Friendships, and Amusements 74 Chapter 7: The Costa Brava Expedition 82 Chapter 8: Montevideo 95 Chapter 9: San Antonio de Salto 108 Chapter 10: His Fame Spreads 125 Chapter 11: Italy in 1848: The General Call to Arms 138 Chapter 12: The Rome Events of 1849 151 Chapter 13: The Bold Defi ance of 1849 168 Chapter 14: The Gray Years 182 Chapter 15: In the King's Ser vice 203 Chapter 16: Po liti cal Frustrations and Disappointments in Love 221 Chapter 17: The Epic Campaign of the Thousand 236 Chapter 18: The Dictator of Sicily 263 Chapter 19: Master of a Kingdom 287 Chapter 20: From the Solitude of Caprera to the Drama of Aspromonte 309 Chapter 21: Triumph in London 331 Chapter 22: Bezzecca, Mentana, and Dijon 343 Chapter 23: Pacifi sm, Socialism, and Democracy 364 Chapter 24: The Final Years: Family, Literary Activities, and Financial Concerns 388 Chapter 25: Epilogue 400 Chronology of Events 411 Bibliography 417 Index 431

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Book SynopsisThe Life of Saint Neilos of Rossano is a snapshot of a distinctive moment before the schism between the churches of Rome and Constantinople. Neilos lived in both hermitages and monasteries, torn between solitude and community. This edition provides the first English translation with a newly revised Greek text.

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Book SynopsisBy tracing Korean-educated agents’ efforts to articulate the vernacular nomenclature of medicine over time, Soyoung Suh examines the limitations and possibilities of creating a mode of “Koreanness” in medicine—and the Korean manifestation of cultural and national identities.

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Book SynopsisThe Library has one of the largest and most impressive cartographic collections in the world, including manuscript maps and atlases, administrative records and plans, largescale surveys and digital maps. From this rich resource, 100 fascinating examples have been selected as the basis for this puzzle book.

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Book SynopsisHelp students to develop geographical skills, in line with the syllabus''s emphasis on this area of study.This book is designed to help students practice and apply what they have learned, and develop independent learning skills by answering a range of questions and activities that are clearly linked to the content of the Student''s Book.- Students will deepen their knowledge of the subject by practically applying their learning across a range of questions and activities- Levelled questions give the option to set work at the right level for each student, allowing them to build confidence in their ability- Independent research is encouraged by leaving out answers and explanations, and including clear links and page references to the Student''s Book- Teachers can save time creating materials, as these books can be used in the classroom and for setting tasks as homeworkThis title has not been through the Cambridge International endorsement proc

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsList of Figures xv List of Plates xvii List of Maps xx List of Tables xxii Acknowledgments xxiii List of Abbreviations xxvi A Guide to Reading the Second Edition of Human Geography: An Essential Introduction xxix 1 Introducing Human Geography 1 Chapter Learning Objectives 1 Introduction 2 What Is Human Geography? 3 One Planet, Many Cultures, Unconscionable Inequality 9 The Origins of Our Unequal World: The Rise,Reign, and Faltering of the West 9 Four Theories Explaining the Rise, Reign,and Faltering of the West 15 Conclusion 20 Checklist of Key Ideas 21 Chapter Essay Questions 21 References and Guidance for Further Reading 22 Website Support Material 23 2 Human Geography: A Brief History 24 Chapter Learning Objectives 24 Introduction 25 Telling the Story of the History of Human Geography 26 Human Geography in the Premodern Era 34 Human Geography in the Modern Era 35 Early Modern Period 35 Modern Period 38 Late Modern Period 43 Human Geography in the Postmodern Era 47 Postmodern Human Geography: On Relativisers and Responsibility 47 Postfoundational and Anti‐Relativist Human Geographies 48 Human Geographies in Real Time: Geocomputation and Spatial Data Science 51 Conclusion 53 Checklist of Key Ideas 54 Chapter Essay Questions 55 References and Guidance for Further Reading 55 Website Support Material 57 3 Big History: Watersheds in Human History 58 Chapter Learning Objectives 58 Introduction 59 Introducing Big History: From the Big Bang to the Sixth Mass Extinction! 59 First Watershed: The Origins of the Human Species 60 Second Watershed: First Migrations and the Peopling of the Planet 64 Third Watershed: The Development of Human Culture and Invention of Settled Agriculture 71 Fourth Watershed: The Rise and Fall of Civilizations 78 Fifth Watershed: The Rise of Western Civilization from the Tenth Century bce? 82 Conclusion 85 Checklist of Key Ideas 86 Chapter Essay Questions 87 References and Guidance for Further Reading 87 Website Support Material 89 4 The Commanding Heights: A Brief History of the European World Capitalist Economy from 1450 90 Chapter Learning Objectives 90 Introduction 91 Key Concepts: Global Commodity Chains, Value Chains, and Production Networks 91 The Rise of the European World Economy, 1450–1945: Wallerstein’s World‐Systems Analysis 93 The Fate of the European World Economy After the Age of Empire 97 Stabilizing Capitalism: Parisian Regulation Theory 98 The Thirty Glory Years of Capitalism in the Core: The Fordist‐Keynesian Compromise (1945–1975) 99 An Early Response: The New International Division of Labor (NIDL) 101 Boom and Carnage in the Core: The Neoliberal Juggernaut (1979–Present) 106 2050: Toward a Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4)? 112 Conclusion 118 Checklist of Key Ideas 119 Chapter Essay Questions 120 References and Guidance for Further Reading 120 Website Support Material 122 5 Power: The Governmental Machine of the West 123 Chapter Learning Objectives 123 Introduction 124 Power: The Governmental Machine of the West 124 The Rise (and Fall?) of the “European” Nation‐State 128 Beyond Medieval Polities: The Rise of the “European” Nation‐State from 1648 and 1848 128 Is the Sovereign Nation‐State Obsolete? Back to Medieval Polities? 132 Europe’s Nation‐States and Empires: Europe’s Scramble for the World 136 The Age of European Empires 136 Case Study: Europe’s Scramble for Africa 141 American Empire: The Eagle, the Bear, the Theocrat, and the Dragon 147 Conclusion 154 Checklist of Key Ideas 154 Chapter Essay Questions 155 References and Guidance for Further Reading 155 Website Support Material 158 6 Worlds of Meaning: Power, Landscape, and Place 159 Chapter Learning Objectives 159 Introduction 160 Enlightenment(s): The West’s Culture(s) 161 Cultural Geography and the Study of Western Culture 163 Sauerian Cultural Geography: Culture as a Superorganism 163 New Directions in Cultural Geography from the 1980s 165 Social Formations and Symbolic Landscapes 166 The West in the Cultural Landscape: On the Imperialism of the Straight Line 168 Haussmann’s Paris: The Capital City of Modernity 168 L’Enfant and McMillan’s Washington, DC, and National Mall 169 Worlds of Meaning: Landscapes of Power and Living Landscapes 172 The Ville and the Cite: Building and Dwelling in Western Spaces 172 Case Study 1: The Metropolis and the Mind: Early Conjectures 175 Case Study 2: Beyond the Pale – Clean Lines and Crooked Colonies 177 Case Study 3: Slums and Projects: The African‐American Search for a Sense of Place 183 Conclusion 186 Checklist of Key Ideas 186 Chapter Essay Questions 187 References and Guidance for Further Reading 187 Website Support Material 190 7 (Under)Development: Challenging Inequalities Globally 191 Chapter Learning Objectives 191 Introduction 192 Market Fundamentalism and the Promise of Convergence 194 Tracking and Mapping Development and Human Welfare from 1800 195 Geographies of Human Development and Poverty from 1800 197 Geographies of Income and Wealth Inequality from 1800 204 A Brief Annotated History of Development Theory and Practice 209 The Western Tradition of Development Theory and Practice 209 Challenging Inequalities Globally in the Twenty‐First Century 216 Development Alternatives and Alternatives to Development 220 Conclusion 222 Checklist of Key Ideas 223 Chapter Essay Questions 224 References and Guidance for Further Reading 224 Website Support Material 228 8 10 000 000 000: The Modern Rise in World Population from 1750 229 Chapter Learning Objectives 229 Introduction 230 Introduction to the Demographic Transition Model 231 Histories and Geographies of Demographic Transitions 234 The Demographic Transition Model and Mortality Decline 240 Explaining Mortality Decline 240 Policies for Improved Global Health 244 The Demographic Transition Model and Fertility Decline 247 Explaining Fertility Decline 247 Policies for Lowering and Increasing Fertility Levels 249 Demographic Transition: The Case of China from 1949 250 Conclusion 258 Checklist of Key Ideas 259 Chapter Essay Questions 259 References and Guidance for Further Reading 260 Website Support Material 262 9 A Planet in Distress: Humanity’s War on the Earth 263 Chapter Learning Objectives 263 Introduction 264 Perspectives on Humanity’s War on the Earth 264 The Pessimists: Rediscovering Malthus in the Age of the Anthropocene 264 The Optimists: Cornucopians and the Age of Green Technology and Clean Growth 269 The Political Ecologists: Marx in the Age of the Capitalocene 271 A Planet in Distress: The Global Climate and Ecology Crisis 273 Global Warming: Decarbonizing Our Overheating Planet 274 Biodiversity: Avoiding a Sixth Mass Extinction 278 Air Quality: Detoxing the Air We Breathe 282 Growing Waste: From “Cradle to Cradle” 282 Water Insecurity: Water, the New Gold? 284 Case Study: Tackling the Global Climate and Ecological Crisis in the Liverpool City Region 285 A New Model of Political Economy for a Cleaner and Greener Planet Earth? 289 Conclusion 291 Checklist of Key Ideas 291 Chapter Essay Questions 292 References and Guidance for Further Reading 292 Website Support Material 295 10 Homo urbanus: Urbanization and Urban Form from 1800 296 Chapter Learning Objectives 296 Introduction 297 The Modern Rise of the City from 1800 298 Europe, Capitalism, Industrialization, Urbanization, and the Industrial City 298 The Form of the Industrial City: The Chicago School of Urban Sociology and Beyond 302 The Creative Destruction of the Industrial City: Insights from Glasgow 306 Mapping the Urban Age 312 Urban Form After the Age of the Industrial City: The Shape of Things to Come? 315 Megalopolis: From Cities to Networks and Urban Galaxies? 316 Los Angeles: The 100‐Mile City and Our Postmetropolis Future? 316 Slums in the Global South: Urbanization Without Industrialization? 318 China’s Instant Megacities: State‐Orchestrated Urbanization? 321 Planetary Urbanization: Urban Studies After the Age of the City? 323 Conclusion 325 Checklist of Key Ideas 325 Chapter Essay Questions 326 References and Guidance for Further Reading 326 Website Support Material 329 11 The Walling of the West: Migration, Hospitality, and Settling 330 Chapter Learning Objectives 330 Introduction 331 The Great Human Diasporas 332 Diaspora (Διασποράς) 332 Case Study: The Atlantic Slave Trade and African Diaspora in the Americas 333 Global Migration Stocks and Flows: Definitions, Patterns, and Trends 341 Rethinking Integration: On the Politics of Hospitality 347 Host Country Integration: Policies and Outcomes 347 Thinking Integration: Assimilation, Multiculturalism, Diaspora Space, and Securitization 350 Rethinking Integration: Migrant Settling and Settling Services 354 Case Study: The Syrian Refugee and IDP Crisis 355 Conclusion 361 Checklist of Key Ideas 361 Chapter Essay Questions 362 References and Guidance for Further Reading 362 Website Support Material 365 12 At Risk: Hazards, Society, and Resilience 366 Chapter Learning Objectives 366 Introduction 367 Global Risks: Hazards by Likelihood and Impact 367 Understanding Risk: What Causes Hazards to Become Disasters and Disasters to Become Catastrophes? 370 Gilbert White: Pioneering Human Geographical Interest in Natural Hazards 370 When Hazards Become Disasters: Risk = Hazard × Vulnerability (R = H × V) 372 Mapping the World at Risk 375 Disaster Risk Reduction: What Stops Hazards from Becoming Disasters and Disasters from Becoming Catastrophes? 382 The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 382 Resilience Politics: Robustness, Recovery, Reform, or Redesign? 388 Conclusion 394 Checklist of Key Ideas 395 Chapter Essay Questions 396 References and Guidance for Further Reading 396 Website Support Material 398 13 Remaking the West, Remaking Human Geography 399 Chapter Learning Objectives 399 Introduction 400 Summary: Making the West, Making Human Geography 401 Remaking the West 405 Remaking Human Geography 409 Remaking the West, Remaking Human Geography 413 Conclusion 422 Checklist of Key Ideas 422 Chapter Essay Questions 423 References and Guidance for Further Reading 423 Website Support Material 426 Coda on Covid-19 428 Coda Learning Objectives 428 Covid‐19: The West’s Barium Meal? 429 Covid‐19’s Unexpected Geographies 432 Explaining Covid‐19’s Geographies: Risk = Hazard × Vulnerability 433 Exposure to Covid‐19: Uneven Geographies of Viral Load 434 Vulnerability to Covid‐19: Susceptibility, Adaptation, and Coping 436 Vulnerability Wrought by Socio‐structural Disadvantages and Heightened Susceptibility 437 Vulnerability Wrought by Weak Institutional Capacity for Advanced Adaptation and Preparation 439 Vulnerability Wrought by Poor Coping and the Speed, Quality, and Efficacy of Government Responses 441 Commentary: Disentangling Covid-19’s Complex Causality 442 Covid-19: A Portal to Another World? 447 Checklist of Key Ideas 450 Chapter Essay Questions 450 References and Guidance for Further Reading 450 Website Support Material 451 Glossary 452 Index 463

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Book SynopsisBeautifully designed maps, flags and country profile data make this atlas an ideal source of information about our ever changing world.If you're interested in finding out more about the geography of the world we live in, then this world atlas book is perfect for you. Compact World Atlas provides an excellent source of accurate and informative  geographical information in an attractive, affordable, user-friendly package.Journey all over the world as you explore:- New fully revised 8th Edition incorporating hundreds of updates to maps and statistics.- Over 60 regional maps, 196 country fact files, flags and statistics.- 25 larger scale inset maps of cities and smaller countries- Fully cross-referenced index/gazetteer.Arranged in three main sections, the Compact World Atlas proves ideal for family reference, encompassing  crosswords and quizzes, whilst presenting an intriguing and absorbing journey around th

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Book SynopsisCONCRETE CITY Armelle Choplin's Concrete City weaves a novel and engaging analysis of urbanization by tracing the journeys of cement and people making urban life in West Africa. From post-independence high modernist ambitions to building the opportunities to make a living, the emerging transnational corridor along the West African coast provides a starting point for insights which will expand and inform understanding of both established and newly emerging urbanization processes in many different contexts. Jennifer Robinson, Professor of Geography, University College of London, UK In this very innovative and superbly illustrated book, Armelle Choplin makes cement vibrant with affect, politics, economic interests and cultural meanings. She takes us to a fascinating journey along the West African urban corridor following the social life of concrete and showing how this material shapes contemporary urbanization and everyday life. Ola Söderström, Professor of Geography, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland Concrete City: Material Flows and Urbanization in West Africa delivers a theoretically informed, ethnographic exploration of the African urban world through the life of concrete. Emblematic of frenetic urban and capitalistic development, this material is pervasive, shaping contemporary urban landscapes and societies and their links to the global world. It stands and circulates at the heart of major financial investments, political forces and environmental debates. At the same time, it epitomises values of modernity and success, redefining social practices, forms of dwelling and living, and popular imaginaries. The book invites the reader to follow bags of cement from production plant to construction site, along the 1000-kilometre urban corridor that links Abidjan to Accra, Lomé, Cotonou and Lagos, combining the perspectives of cement tycoons, entrepreneurs and political stakeholders, but also of ordinary men and women who plan, build and dream of the Concrete City. With this innovative exploration of urban life through concrete, Armelle Choplin delivers a fascinating journey into and reflection on the sustainability of our urban futures.Table of ContentsList of Figures xi Series Editors’ Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv Introduction: Concrete and the City 1 A Gray Matter 1 Age of Concrete 4 Africa Rising and Cement’s New Frontier 6 The Lagos-Abidjan Corridor: A Megacity Region under Construction 8 Cement As A Theoretical Binder 12 (Afri)Capitalism and Neoliberalism 13 Material Matters 15 Building, Dwelling, and Inhabiting a Postcolonial World 18 Tracking Urban Materiality: A Methodological Approach 21 Following Bags of Cement and the City under Construction 21 Thinking Cities Through West Africa 24 Notes 30 1 Concrete Politics 31 Africanizing Cement 33 From Colonial Import to Gray Gold “Made in Africa” 33 Patriotic Consumption and National Identity 37 Dangote, a Cement Magnate 39 Cement Business 42 Conquering Africa 42 “The Price of Cement Is like the Stock Market” 45 On the Road: Trucks and Logistics 47 The Rhetoric of Development 51 Emerging Through Concrete 53 Promoting Cement and Boosting the Economy 53 From Developmental States to Entrepreneurial Presidents 55 Builder Businessmen and Other Africapitalists 58 Conclusion 61 Notes 63 2 Making the City Concrete 65 The Multifaceted Concrete City 67 Premium City–Megaprojects and the Business of the City 67 Affordable City–Social Housing Programs 72 Low Cost City–Autoconstruction in the Outskirts 76 A Booming Building Sector 83 Real Estate Agent: From Broker to Preacher 83 Property Developers and the Diaspora 86 Architects and Building Permits 88 Wholesalers and Retailers: Lebanese, Indian, and Chinese Connections 90 Materials: From Foundations to Finishing 93 A Matter of Sand 95 Reinforcing Steel and Corrugated Iron 98 Tiling from Floor-to-Ceiling 100 Digital Banking or How to Buy your Cement Online 102 Conclusion 104 Notes 106 3 The Social Life of Concrete 109 Caution – Work in Progress! 111 Concrete – Child’s Play? 111 Concrete Block: The Ingot of the Poor 115 The Plot and the Block 117 I Build (with Concrete) Therefore I Am 117 The Incremental City: “Building Bit by Bit” 120 Right to Concrete for a Right to the City 125 Afropolitan Modernity, Imaginaries, and Experience 128 Desire and Success 128 Women at Work! Virility, Gender, and Emancipation 130 Concrete Palace, or Walter Benjamin in Lagos 134 Six-Bedroom-Villas 136 Concrete Fetishes and Voodoo 139 Conclusion 142 Notes 143 Contents ix 4 Uninhabitable Concrete 145 (De)Construction and Destruction 148 Collapse, Rubble, and Ruins 148 Sustainability and Greenwashing 151 Sand: Rarer than you Think 154 Green Expectations: Alternatives to Concrete? 156 Heritage and Vernacular Architecture 157 Back to Earth, Back to the Local 159 “Tropicalizing” Construction 163 Toward Innovation in the Concrete Industry 167 Putting African Architecture on the Map 169 Conclusion 172 Notes 173 Conclusion: Concrete Utopia 177 The West African Corridor: An Urban Laboratory 178 Utopia/Dystopia and Afro/Africanfuturism 182 Toward A Post-concrete World 185 References 189 Index 209

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Book SynopsisThe first major book to deal with the dual crises of democracy and climate change as one interrelated threat to the human future and to identify a path forward.Democracy in a Hotter Time calls for reforming democratic institutions as a prerequisite for avoiding climate chaos and adapting governance to how Earth works as a physical system. To survive in the “long emergency” ahead, we must reform and strengthen democratic institutions, making them assets rather than liabilities. Edited by David W. Orr, this vital collection of essays proposes a new political order that will not only help humanity survive but also enable us to thrive in the transition to a post–fossil fuel world.Orr gathers leading scholars, public intellectuals, and political leaders to address the many problems confronting our current political systems. Few other books have taken a systems view of the effects of a rapidly destabilizing climate on our laws and governance or

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