Genetics (non-medical) Books

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Book SynopsisInstant Notes in Molecular Biology, Fourth Edition is the perfect text for undergraduates looking for a concise introduction to the subject, or a study guide to use before examinations. Each topic begins with a summary of essential factsâ'an ideal revision checklistâ'followed by a description of the subject that focuses on core information, with clear, simple diagrams that are easy for students to understand and recall in essays and exams.Table of ContentsA. Information Processing and MacromoleculesB. Properties of Nucleic AcidsC. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Chromosome StructureD. DNA ReplicationE. DNA Damage, Repair and RecombinationF. Transcription in ProkaryotesG. Regulation of Transcription in ProkaryotesH. Transcription in EukaryotesI. Regulation of Transcription in EukaryotesJ. RNA Processing and RNPsK. The Genetic Code and tRNAL. Protein SynthesisM. Bacteriophages and Eukaryotic VirusesN. Cell Cycle and CancerO. Gene ManipulationP. Cloning VectorsQ. Gene Libraries and ScreeningR. Analysis and uses of Cloned DNAS. Functional Genomics and the new Technologies

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction to Breeding Disease-Resistance Plants2. Resistance: The Phenotype3. Resistance: The Genotype4. Resistance: The Pathogen5. Resistance: The Environment Interaction6. Resistance: Evaluating the Interaction Phenotype7. Resistance: Sources8. Resistance: Classical Breeding Methods9. Resistance: Multiple Disease Resistance10. Resistance: Biotechnology and Molecular Aspects11. Resistance: Gene Deployment–Durable Resistance

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsContributors 1. Genomic editing: From human health to the “perfect child” Daniela Iancu 1. Introduction 1.1 Beginnings 1.2 Definitions and context 1.3 Recombinant DNA technology: The basis for DNA modification 1.4 Genome editing 1.5 Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) 1.6 CRISPR/Cas9 technology 1.7 Base editing technology 1.8 Principles of using genome editing in research and clinical practice 2. Ethical issues in clinical genome editing 2.1 Nonmaleficence and risk/benefit assessment 2.2 Beneficence in gene editing therapies 2.3 Respect for autonomy 2.4 Confidentiality 2.5 Applying the principle of justice in clinical genome editing 2.6 Eugenics, enhancement, and “designer babies” 3. Conclusions References 2. Ethics of mitochondrial gene replacement therapy Rebecca Dimond 1. Introduction 2. What is mitochondrial disease and mitochondrial donation? 3. The UK timeline 4. The international position 5. Are the techniques safe? 6. Ethical issues 7. “Three parent babies” and identity 8. Genetic modification and the “slippery slope” 9. Risks for egg donors 10. Ethical differences between PNT and MST 11. Mitochondrial disease as complex: Diagnosis, predicting risk, and genetic counseling 12. Alternative reproductive options 13. Polar body transfer and gene editing 14. Conclusion References 3. Reproductive technologies used by same-gender couples Valentina Nastasel, Diana Badiu, and Vlad I. Tica 1. Introduction 2. Procreative autonomy 3. Gamete and embryo donation 4. Surrogacy agreement 5. Trans parenthood 6. Conscience clause 7. Conclusions References Further Reading 4. Ethical issues raised by multiparents Maria Aluas 1. Introduction 1.1 Key terms of the debate: Filiation, kinship, and parenthood 2. Multiparents of children born through ARTs 2.1 Maternity 2.2 Paternity 3. Where do all these parents come from? 3.1 Sperm donation 3.2 Egg donation 3.3 Embryo donation 3.4 Surrogacy 4. Ethical issues 4.1 The right to know one’s origins 4.2 Donors’ anonymity 4.3 The consent of participants 5. Secondary ethical issues 5.1 Medical tourism 5.2 Slippery slope 6. Final considerations References 5. Revisiting the nondirective principle of genetic counseling in prenatal screening Oana-Maria Isaila 1. Introduction 2. Genetic counseling: An overview 3. The nondirective principle in genetic counseling 3.1 “Nondirectivity” or “sharing decision-making”? 3.2 The nondirective principle of genetic counseling in preimplantation screening 3.3 The nondirective principle of genetic counseling in prenatal screening 4. Does the nondirective principle compromise genetic counseling in prenatal screening? 5. Does genetic counseling in prenatal screening compromise the nondirective principle? 6. The concept of nondirectivity vs the role of genetic counseling 7. Activating the conscience clause in genetic counseling in prenatal screening? 8. Genetic counseling in prenatal screening in ethnic and cultural minorities 9. Medical tourism for abortion after genetic counseling 10. Issues of genetic counseling in prenatal screening 10.1 The absence of genetic counseling 10.2 The inappropriate genetic counseling 11. Final considerations References 6. Sex selection, gender selection, and sexism Iva Rincic, Amir Muzur, and Stephen O. Sodeke 1. Introduction 2. The roots and reasons for sex selection 3. From politics on reproduction to biopolicy 4. Missing girls: Why and how many? 5. Legal and ethical questions 6. Conclusion References 7. The impact of Big Data on beginning-of-life issues Dario Sacchini and Antonio G. Spagnolo 1. Introduction: First, what is really “Big Data”? 2. Big Data and healthcare: An expanding universe 3. Big Data and Beginning-of-life issues: A field in its infancy 4. Conclusion: Work in progress References 8. The moral status of the embryo and its uses: Bioethics and social perceptions Rafael Pardo 1. Introduction 2. The empirical perspective in bioethics and public perceptions of science studies 3. The notion of moral status 4. Contrasting narratives on the moral status of the embryo 5. The status of the embryo frame and the beginning of individual human life 6. Views on the status of the embryo, religious beliefs, scientific literacy, and gender 7. Moral status and attitudes to embryo research 8. Conclusions References 9. Fetal reduction Ana S. Carvalho, Margarida Silvestre, Susana Magalhaes, and Joana Araujo 1. Bioethical issues of fetal reduction: Why words matter 1.1 Medical use: Selective fetal reduction 1.2 Medical use: Nonselective fetal reduction 1.3 Nonmedical uses: Selective fetal reduction 1.4 Nonmedical use: Nonselective fetal reduction 2. The moral status of embryo and fetus 3. Fetal reduction: “A soft cover for hard choices” 4. Parental autonomy and parental responsibility 5. Conclusion References 10. Stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative disorders: An ethical analysis Sorin Hostiuc, Ionut Negoi, Mugurel Constantin Rusu, and Mihaela Hostiuc 1. Introduction 2. An overview on stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative disorders 2.1 Parkinson’s disease 2.2 Stem cell treatments for other neurological disorders 2.3 Use of placebo controls in sham surgery 3. Risk-to-benefit analysis for stem cell therapies in neurodegenerative disorders 3.1 What are the potential benefits of stem cell therapy in neurodegenerative disorders? 4. Induced pluripotent stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative disorders 5. Moral status of IPSCs 6. Conclusions References 11. Predictive genetic testing in multifactorial disorders Sorin Hostiuc 1. Introduction 2. Respect for autonomy 2.1 Delivering relevant information 2.2 Understanding relevant information 2.3 Capacity to act voluntarily 2.4 The concept of relational autonomy in predictive genetic testing 3. Nondirectiveness in predictive testing for multifactorial disorders 4. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing 5. When to recommend predictive genetic testing? 6. Nonmaleficence and risk assessment 7. Confidentiality and family sharing of the genetic results 8. Predictive genetic testing in children 9. Genetic exceptionalism and multifactorial disorders 10. Conclusions References 12. Whole-genome sequencing as a method of prenatal genetic diagnosis Fermin J. Gonzalez-Melado 1. Introduction 2. From the standard of prenatal diagnosis to whole-genome sequencing 3. Whole-genome sequencing as a prenatal diagnostic tool 3.1 What is whole-genome sequencing? 3.2 Whole-genome sequencing applications in prenatal diagnosis 3.3 Limitations of whole-genome sequencing 4. Ethical problems surrounding whole-genome sequencing 4.1 Large amounts of information 4.2 Anxiety and confusion in parents 4.3 Parents’ reproductive choices, expectations, and genetic determinism 4.4 Right of the parents to information vs right of the child to “Not to Know” 5. The importance of pre-WGS test and post-WGS diagnostic counseling 5.1 Counseling in WGS 5.2 Pre-WGS test counseling 5.3 Post-WGS diagnostic counseling 5.4 Ethical reflection on WGS test in prenatal diagnosis 6. Conclusion References 13. Noninvasive prenatal genetic diagnosis Sorin Hostiuc 1. Introduction 2. High- versus low-risk populations 3. Reproductive autonomy 4. Counseling for NIPT 5. Should parents be allowed to get tested “for information only” 5.1 A teleological approach to NIPT 6. NIPT and discrimination 7. Eugenics, procreative beneficence, and NIPT 8. Conclusions References 14. Prenatal testing in low-risk populations: After routinization for aneuploidy Jazmine L. Gabriel and Lauren Diskin 1. Introduction 2. Background on offering the test to low-risk women 3. Diagnostic test versus screening test 4. Reduced penetrance and variable expressivity 5. Negative test and healthy baby assumptions 6. Incidental findings: Maternal conditions 7. Ethics of testing just for information 8. Practical issues: Who will counsel patients? 9. OB/Gyn counseling 10. Information access outside of the United States 11. Problematic solutions 12. Linear model of information transmission 13. Justice issues: Access to testing 14. Conclusion References 15. Using genetics for enhancement (liberal eugenics) Sonja Pavlovic, Milena Ugrin, Vladimir Gasic, and Vojin Rakic 1. Introduction 1.1 Definition of enhancement 1.2 Types of enhancement 1.3 (How) should we distinguish enhancement from therapy? 2. Genetic enhancement 2.1 Genomics and epigenomics as base for genetic enhancement 2.2 High-throughput methodology for genome wide genetic, epigenetic, and gene expression profiling 2.3 Personalized medicine as a model for implementation of genetic enhancement 2.4 From predictive genomics to preventive medicine and genetic enhancement 2.5 Ethical issues in personalized medicine 2.6 Gene therapy, molecular-targeted therapy, and cellular therapy 2.7 Ethical aspects of gene therapy, molecular-targeted therapy, and cellular therapy 2.8 Gene enhancement, molecular-targeted enhancement, cellular enhancement 3. Liberal eugenics 4. Regulation, health coverage, and public opinion 5. Conclusion Acknowledgments References 16. Should incidental findings arising from prenatal testing be reported indiscriminately to patients? Valentina Kaneva and Ina Dimitrova 1. Introduction 2. Incidental findings in the prenatal setting 2.1 Challenges of definition 2.2 Current practice, new developments, and specific features of the prenatal setting 3. Reporting incidental findings in the prenatal setting 3.1 Arguments pro disclosure 3.2 Arguments against disclosure 4. Handling incidental findings: Informed consent procedures and pretest counseling in genetic testing 5. Conclusion References 17. Third-party sharing of genetic information Beatrice Gabriela Ioan and Bianca Hanganu 1. Introduction 2. Disclosure of genetic data to relatives 2.1 Disclosure of genetic information by the patients to their biological relatives 2.2 Communication by parents of genetic information about their children 2.3 Refusal of the individuals to disclose genetic data to their biological relatives 2.4 Disclosure of information by the healthcare provider without the patient’s consent 3. Disclosure of genetic information to employers 4. Disclosure of genetic data to health insurance companies 5. Third-party sharing of genetic data in the context of biomedical research 5.1 Sharing data resulting from genetic testing with research entities 5.2 Disclosure of genetic data resulting from research to the participants’ relatives 6. Disclosure of data resulting from DTC genetic tests 7. Disclosure of data resulting from genetic interpretation services 8. Third-party sharing for forensic purposes References 18. Cerebral and noncerebral organoids Andrea Lavazza and Alice Andrea Chinaia 1. Stem cells applications: Organoids and brain organoids 1.1 Biological foundations 1.2 Brain organoids: What they are and what they recapitulate of the human brain 1.3 Applications and limitations 2. Ethical issues 2.1 Cell origins, biobanking, and usage of brain organoids 2.2 Nonhuman animals and grafted organoids 2.3 Consciousness and moral status 3. Final remarks 3.1 Brain organoids and society 3.2 Conclusions References 19. Cognitive enhancement: Bioethical aspects Laura Palazzani 1. Introduction 2. Libertarian and utilitarian theories 3. Personalist and egalitarian theories 4. Hidden risks of enhancement 5. Possible future regulation about enhancement 6. Conclusion References 20. Risks and benefits of direct-to-consumer genetic testing in the reproductive context Mariko Nakano-Okuno, Crystal Lederhos Smith, and Thomas May 1. Introduction 2. A brief history of DTC genetic testing 3. Current status of DTC genetic testing relevant to reproductive decisions 3.1 Physician involvement 3.2 DTC genomic platforms 3.3 Types of results provided 3.4 Concerns currently raised 4. Limits and risks 4.1 Limitation in detectable genes and variants 4.2 Variants of unknown significance 4.3 Accuracy (false positives and false negatives) 4.4 Varying interpretation 4.5 Risks of raw data interpretation 4.6 Privacy risks 5. Benefits 6. Ethical issues 6.1 Principlism approach to DTC genetic testing 6.2 Ethical challenges in DTC-based reproductive choices 7. Conclusion References 21. Genetic immunization: Enhancement or public health measure? Tess Johnson 1. Introduction 1.1 Definitions and background 1.2 Introducing a case study 2. Public health and ethics 2.1 Definition and goals 3. Moral concepts from public health ethics 3.1 Collective easy rescue 3.2 Public goods 3.3 Collective welfare 3.4 Distributive justice 4. Ethical analysis of genetic immunization 4.1 Stakeholders, harms and benefits 4.2 Distribution of stakeholder harms and benefits 4.3 Policy alternatives 5. Conclusions References Index Contributors 1. Genomic editing: From human health to the “perfect child” Daniela Iancu 1. Introduction 1.1 Beginnings 1.2 Definitions and context 1.3 Recombinant DNA technology: The basis for DNA modification 1.4 Genome editing 1.5 Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) 1.6 CRISPR/Cas9 technology 1.7 Base editing technology 1.8 Principles of using genome editing in research and clinical practice 2. Ethical issues in clinical genome editing 2.1 Nonmaleficence and risk/benefit assessment 2.2 Beneficence in gene editing therapies 2.3 Respect for autonomy 2.4 Confidentiality 2.5 Applying the principle of justice in clinical genome editing 2.6 Eugenics, enhancement, and “designer babies” 3. Conclusions References 2. Ethics of mitochondrial gene replacement therapy Rebecca Dimond 1. Introduction 2. What is mitochondrial disease and mitochondrial donation? 3. The UK timeline 4. The international position 5. Are the techniques safe? 6. Ethical issues 7. “Three parent babies” and identity 8. Genetic modification and the “slippery slope” 9. Risks for egg donors 10. Ethical differences between PNT and MST 11. Mitochondrial disease as complex: Diagnosis, predicting risk, and genetic counseling 12. Alternative reproductive options 13. Polar body transfer and gene editing 14. Conclusion References 3. Reproductive technologies used by same-gender couples Valentina Nastasel, Diana Badiu, and Vlad I. Tica 1. Introduction 2. Procreative autonomy 3. Gamete and embryo donation 4. Surrogacy agreement 5. Trans parenthood 6. Conscience clause 7. Conclusions References Further Reading 4. Ethical issues raised by multiparents Maria Aluas 1. Introduction 1.1 Key terms of the debate: Filiation, kinship, and parenthood 2. Multiparents of children born through ARTs 2.1 Maternity 2.2 Paternity 3. Where do all these parents come from? 3.1 Sperm donation 3.2 Egg donation 3.3 Embryo donation 3.4 Surrogacy 4. Ethical issues 4.1 The right to know one’s origins 4.2 Donors’ anonymity 4.3 The consent of participants 5. Secondary ethical issues 5.1 Medical tourism 5.2 Slippery slope 6. Final considerations References 5. Revisiting the nondirective principle of genetic counseling in prenatal screening Oana-Maria Isaila 1. Introduction 2. Genetic counseling: An overview 3. The nondirective principle in genetic counseling 3.1 “Nondirectivity” or “sharing decision-making”? 3.2 The nondirective principle of genetic counseling in preimplantation screening 3.3 The nondirective principle of genetic counseling in prenatal screening 4. Does the nondirective principle compromise genetic counseling in prenatal screening? 5. Does genetic counseling in prenatal screening compromise the nondirective principle? 6. The concept of nondirectivity vs the role of genetic counseling 7. Activating the conscience clause in genetic counseling in prenatal screening? 8. Genetic counseling in prenatal screening in ethnic and cultural minorities 9. Medical tourism for abortion after genetic counseling 10. Issues of genetic counseling in prenatal screening 10.1 The absence of genetic counseling 10.2 The inappropriate genetic counseling 11. Final considerations References 6. Sex selection, gender selection, and sexism Iva Rincic, Amir Muzur, and Stephen O. Sodeke 1. Introduction 2. The roots and reasons for sex selection 3. From politics on reproduction to biopolicy 4. Missing girls: Why and how many? 5. Legal and ethical questions 6. Conclusion References 7. The impact of Big Data on beginning-of-life issues Dario Sacchini and Antonio G. Spagnolo 1. Introduction: First, what is really “Big Data”? 2. Big Data and healthcare: An expanding universe 3. Big Data and Beginning-of-life issues: A field in its infancy 4. Conclusion: Work in progress References 8. The moral status of the embryo and its uses: Bioethics and social perceptions Rafael Pardo 1. Introduction 2. The empirical perspective in bioethics and public perceptions of science studies 3. The notion of moral status 4. Contrasting narratives on the moral status of the embryo 5. The status of the embryo frame and the beginning of individual human life 6. Views on the status of the embryo, religious beliefs, scientific literacy, and gender 7. Moral status and attitudes to embryo research 8. Conclusions References 9. Fetal reduction Ana S. Carvalho, Margarida Silvestre, Susana Magalhaes, and Joana Araujo 1. Bioethical issues of fetal reduction: Why words matter 1.1 Medical use: Selective fetal reduction 1.2 Medical use: Nonselective fetal reduction 1.3 Nonmedical uses: Selective fetal reduction 1.4 Nonmedical use: Nonselective fetal reduction 2. The moral status of embryo and fetus 3. Fetal reduction: “A soft cover for hard choices” 4. Parental autonomy and parental responsibility 5. Conclusion References 10. Stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative disorders: An ethical analysis Sorin Hostiuc, Ionut Negoi, Mugurel Constantin Rusu, and Mihaela Hostiuc 1. Introduction 2. An overview on stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative disorders 2.1 Parkinson’s disease 2.2 Stem cell treatments for other neurological disorders 2.3 Use of placebo controls in sham surgery 3. Risk-to-benefit analysis for stem cell therapies in neurodegenerative disorders 3.1 What are the potential benefits of stem cell therapy in neurodegenerative disorders? 4. Induced pluripotent stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative disorders 5. Moral status of IPSCs 6. Conclusions References 11. Predictive genetic testing in multifactorial disorders Sorin Hostiuc 1. Introduction 2. Respect for autonomy 2.1 Delivering relevant information 2.2 Understanding relevant information 2.3 Capacity to act voluntarily 2.4 The concept of relational autonomy in predictive genetic testing 3. Nondirectiveness in predictive testing for multifactorial disorders 4. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing 5. When to recommend predictive genetic testing? 6. Nonmaleficence and risk assessment 7. Confidentiality and family sharing of the genetic results 8. Predictive genetic testing in children 9. Genetic exceptionalism and multifactorial disorders 10. Conclusions References 12. Whole-genome sequencing as a method of prenatal genetic diagnosis Fermin J. Gonzalez-Melado 1. Introduction 2. From the standard of prenatal diagnosis to whole-genome sequencing 3. Whole-genome sequencing as a prenatal diagnostic tool 3.1 What is whole-genome sequencing? 3.2 Whole-genome sequencing applications in prenatal diagnosis 3.3 Limitations of whole-genome sequencing 4. Ethical problems surrounding whole-genome sequencing 4.1 Large amounts of information 4.2 Anxiety and confusion in parents 4.3 Parents’ reproductive choices, expectations, and genetic determinism 4.4 Right of the parents to information vs right of the child to “Not to Know” 5. The importance of pre-WGS test and post-WGS diagnostic counseling 5.1 Counseling in WGS 5.2 Pre-WGS test counseling 5.3 Post-WGS diagnostic counseling 5.4 Ethical reflection on WGS test in prenatal diagnosis 6. Conclusion References 13. Noninvasive prenatal genetic diagnosis Sorin Hostiuc 1. Introduction 2. High- versus low-risk populations 3. Reproductive autonomy 4. Counseling for NIPT 5. Should parents be allowed to get tested “for information only” 5.1 A teleological approach to NIPT 6. NIPT and discrimination 7. Eugenics, procreative beneficence, and NIPT 8. Conclusions References 14. Prenatal testing in low-risk populations: After routinization for aneuploidy Jazmine L. Gabriel and Lauren Diskin 1. Introduction 2. Background on offering the test to low-risk women 3. Diagnostic test versus screening test 4. Reduced penetrance and variable expressivity 5. Negative test and healthy baby assumptions 6. Incidental findings: Maternal conditions 7. Ethics of testing just for information 8. Practical issues: Who will counsel patients? 9. OB/Gyn counseling 10. Information access outside of the United States 11. Problematic solutions 12. Linear model of information transmission 13. Justice issues: Access to testing 14. Conclusion References 15. Using genetics for enhancement (liberal eugenics) Sonja Pavlovic, Milena Ugrin, Vladimir Gasic, and Vojin Rakic 1. Introduction 1.1 Definition of enhancement 1.2 Types of enhancement 1.3 (How) should we distinguish enhancement from therapy? 2. Genetic enhancement 2.1 Genomics and epigenomics as base for genetic enhancement 2.2 High-throughput methodology for genome wide genetic, epigenetic, and gene expression profiling 2.3 Personalized medicine as a model for implementation of genetic enhancement 2.4 From predictive genomics to preventive medicine and genetic enhancement 2.5 Ethical issues in personalized medicine 2.6 Gene therapy, molecular-targeted therapy, and cellular therapy 2.7 Ethical aspects of gene therapy, molecular-targeted therapy, and cellular therapy 2.8 Gene enhancement, molecular-targeted enhancement, cellular enhancement 3. Liberal eugenics 4. Regulation, health coverage, and public opinion 5. Conclusion Acknowledgments References 16. Should incidental findings arising from prenatal testing be reported indiscriminately to patients? Valentina Kaneva and Ina Dimitrova 1. Introduction 2. Incidental findings in the prenatal setting 2.1 Challenges of definition 2.2 Current practice, new developments, and specific features of the prenatal setting 3. Reporting incidental findings in the prenatal setting 3.1 Arguments pro disclosure 3.2 Arguments against disclosure 4. Handling incidental findings: Informed consent procedures and pretest counseling in genetic testing 5. Conclusion References 17. Third-party sharing of genetic information Beatrice Gabriela Ioan and Bianca Hanganu 1. Introduction 2. Disclosure of genetic data to relatives 2.1 Disclosure of genetic information by the patients to their biological relatives 2.2 Communication by parents of genetic information about their children 2.3 Refusal of the individuals to disclose genetic data to their biological relatives 2.4 Disclosure of information by the healthcare provider without the patient’s consent 3. Disclosure of genetic information to employers 4. Disclosure of genetic data to health insurance companies 5. Third-party sharing of genetic data in the context of biomedical research 5.1 Sharing data resulting from genetic testing with research entities 5.2 Disclosure of genetic data resulting from research to the participants’ relatives 6. Disclosure of data resulting from DTC genetic tests 7. Disclosure of data resulting from genetic interpretation services 8. Third-party sharing for forensic purposes References 18. Cerebral and noncerebral organoids Andrea Lavazza and Alice Andrea Chinaia 1. Stem cells applications: Organoids and brain organoids 1.1 Biological foundations 1.2 Brain organoids: What they are and what they recapitulate of the human brain 1.3 Applications and limitations 2. Ethical issues 2.1 Cell origins, biobanking, and usage of brain organoids 2.2 Nonhuman animals and grafted organoids 2.3 Consciousness and moral status 3. Final remarks 3.1 Brain organoids and society 3.2 Conclusions References 19. Cognitive enhancement: Bioethical aspects Laura Palazzani 1. Introduction 2. Libertarian and utilitarian theories 3. Personalist and egalitarian theories 4. Hidden risks of enhancement 5. Possible future regulation about enhancement 6. Conclusion References 20. Risks and benefits of direct-to-consumer genetic testing in the reproductive context Mariko Nakano-Okuno, Crystal Lederhos Smith, and Thomas May 1. Introduction 2. A brief history of DTC genetic testing 3. Current status of DTC genetic testing relevant to reproductive decisions 3.1 Physician involvement 3.2 DTC genomic platforms 3.3 Types of results provided 3.4 Concerns currently raised 4. Limits and risks 4.1 Limitation in detectable genes and variants 4.2 Variants of unknown significance 4.3 Accuracy (false positives and false negatives) 4.4 Varying interpretation 4.5 Risks of raw data interpretation 4.6 Privacy risks 5. Benefits 6. Ethical issues 6.1 Principlism approach to DTC genetic testing 6.2 Ethical challenges in DTC-based reproductive choices 7. Conclusion References 21. Genetic immunization: Enhancement or public health measure? Tess Johnson 1. Introduction 1.1 Definitions and background 1.2 Introducing a case study 2. Public health and ethics 2.1 Definition and goals 3. Moral concepts from public health ethics 3.1 Collective easy rescue 3.2 Public goods 3.3 Collective welfare 3.4 Distributive justice 4. Ethical analysis of genetic immunization 4.1 Stakeholders, harms and benefits 4.2 Distribution of stakeholder harms and benefits 4.3 Policy alternatives 5. Conclusions References Index

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Book SynopsisGenomics and Proteomics Engineering in Medicine and Biology highlights current applications of biomedical informatics, as well as advancements in genomics-proteomics areas. Structures and algorithms are used to analyze genomic data and develop computational solutions for pathological understanding.Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. 1. Qualitative Knowledge Models in Functional Genomics and Proteomics (Mor Peleg, Irene S. Gabashvili, and Russ B. Altman). 1.1. Introduction. 1.2. Methods and Tools. 1.3. Modeling Approach and Results. 1.4. Discussion. 1.5. Conclusion. References. 2. Interpreting Microarray Data and Related Applications Using Nonlinear System Identification (Michael Korenberg). 2.1. Introduction. 2.2. Background. 2.3. Parallel Cascade Identification. 2.4. Constructing Class Predictors. 2.5. Prediction Based on Gene Expression Profiling. 2.6. Comparing Different Predictors Over the Same Data Set. 2.7. Concluding Remarks. References. 3. Gene Regulation Bioinformatics of Microarray Data (Gert Thijs, Frank De Smet, Yves Moreau, Kathleen Marchal, and Bart De Moor). 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Introduction to Transcriptional Regulation. 3.3. Measuring Gene Expression Profiles. 3.4. Preprocessing of Data. 3.5. Clustering of Gene Expression Profiles. 3.6. Cluster Validation. 3.7. Searching for Common Binding Sites of Coregulated Genes. 3.8. Inclusive: Online Integrated Analysis of Microarray Data. 3.9. Further Integrative Steps. 3.10. Conclusion. References. 4. Robust Methods for Microarray Analysis (George S. Davidson, Shawn Martin, Kevin W. Boyack, Brian N. Wylie, Juanita Martinez, Anthony Aragon, Margaret Werner-Washburne, Mo´nica Mosquera-Caro, and Cheryl Willman). 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. Microarray Experiments and Analysis Methods. 4.3. Unsupervised Methods. 4.4. Supervised Methods. 4.5. Conclusion. References. 5. In Silico Radiation Oncology: A Platform for Understanding Cancer Behavior and Optimizing Radiation Therapy Treatment (G. Stamatakos, D. Dionysiou, and N. Uzunoglu). 5.1. Philosophiae Tumoralis Principia Algorithmica: Algorithmic Principles of Simulating Cancer on Computer. 5.2. Brief Literature Review. 5.3. Paradigm of Four-Dimensional Simulation of Tumor Growth and Response to Radiation Therapy In Vivo. 5.4. Discussion. 5.5. Future Trends. References. 6. Genomewide Motif Identification Using a Dictionary Model (Chiara Sabatti and Kenneth Lange). 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Unified Model. 6.3. Algorithms for Likelihood Evaluation. 6.4. Parameter Estimation via Minorization–Maximization Algorithm. 6.5. Examples. 6.6. Discussion and Conclusion. References. 7. Error Control Codes and the Genome (Elebeoba E. May). 7.1. Error Control and Communication: A Review. 7.3. Reverse Engineering the Genetic Error Control System. 7.4. Applications of Biological Coding Theory. References. 8. Complex Life Science Multidatabase Queries (Zina Ben Miled, Nianhua Li, Yue He, Malika Mahoui, and Omran Bukhres). 8.1. Introduction. 8.2. Architecture. 8.3. Query Execution Plans. 8.4. Related Work. 8.5. Future Trends. References. 9. Computational Analysis of Proteins (Dimitrios I. Fotiadis, Yorgos Goletsis, Christos Lampros, and Costas Papaloukas). 9.1. Introduction: Definitions. 9.2. Databases. 9.3. Sequence Motifs and Domains. 9.4. Sequence Alignment. 9.5. Modeling. 9.6. Classification and Prediction. 9.7. Natural Language Processing. 9.8. Future Trends. References. 10. Computational Analysis of Interactions Between Tumor and Tumor Suppressor Proteins (E. Pirogova, M. Akay, and I. Cosic). 10.1. Introduction. 10.2. Methodology: Resonant Recognition Model. 10.3. Results and Discussions. 10.4. Conclusion. References. Index. About the Editor.

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Book SynopsisA revelatory account of how power, politics, and greed have placed the unfulfilled promise of personalized medicine at the center of American medicineThe United States is embarking on a medical revolution. Supporters of personalized, or precision, medicine—the tailoring of health care to our genomes—have promised to usher in a new era of miracle cures. Advocates of this gene-guided health-care practice foresee a future where skyrocketing costs can be curbed by customization and unjust disparities are vanquished by biomedical breakthroughs. Progress, however, has come slowly, and with a price too high for the average citizen.In Tyranny of the Gene, James Tabery exposes the origin story of personalized medicine—essentially a marketing idea dreamed up by pharmaceutical executives—and traces its path from the Human Genome Project to the present, revealing how politicians, influential federal scientists, biotech companies, and drug giant

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Book SynopsisChilds thus provides a conceptual framework within which to teach and practice a humane medicine.Trade ReviewThe author gives us new ways of looking at old medical disorders and offers plenty of food for thought to stimulate changes in current thinking. -- Virginia E. Kimonis Teaching and Learning in Medicine Barton Childs's book is erudite and informative. -- Rodney Harris Human Genetics This book is highly recommended for a wide variety of audiences in addition to physicians and medical students: ethicists, anthropologists, social workers, nurses, and other members of the health profession. Hospital administrators, insurance personnel, and lawyers could also benefit, particularly in this day of managed care. Members of curriculum committees of medical schools and public health schools could also benefit. Fortunately, some of Childs's concepts are being applied to medical teaching already, but I know of no better synthesis in one book. -- James E. Bowman Perspectives in Biology and MedicineTable of ContentsContents:1. IntroductionI. MEDICAL THINKING 2. Inborn Errors and Chemical Individuality 3. The Transition from Oslerian to Garrodian Medicine 4. Individuality and Causes 5. Definitions of DiseaseII. A LOGIC OF DISEASE 6. Biology and Medicine: Contrasts and Convergences 7. A SynthesisIII. SPECIES IDENTITY 8. Lessons from PhylogenyIV. ADAPTIVE FLEXIBILITY: HOMEOSTASIS AND DEVELOPMENT 9. Physiological Homeostasis: The Homeostasis of the Moment 10. Genetic Homeostasis: The Past 11. Developmental Homeostasis: The Lifetime 12. Sociocultural Homeostasis 13. Homeostatic InteractionsV. DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION: GENETIC VARIATION 14. What is a Gene? 15. The Paths of Gene Action 16. Whatever Is, Is Variable 17. The Semantics of Genetics 18. Classification of DiseaseVI. REPRODUCTION, FREQUENCY, AND CONTINUITY 19. The Diploid State 20. Gene Frequency 21. Heterogeneity 22. Unity and Continuity of Disease 23. Heritability 24. InfectionsVII. AN ANALYSIS OF DISEASE IN THREE TIME FRAMES 25. The Moment: Type I Diabetes 26. The Lifetime 27. Biological and Social History, and a Vision of Disease in Three Time FramesVIII. THE LOGIC AND MODERN MEDICINE 28. The Human Genome Project 29. The Medical-Genetic Synthesis and Society 30. A Basis for Medical Education

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Book SynopsisIlluminates the importance of the early history of cloning for the biosciences and their institutional, disciplinary, and intellectual contexts.

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Book SynopsisOptogenetics represents a breakthrough technology capable of dynamically modulating molecular and cellular activity in live cells with high precision. This transformative technology made it possible to reversibly interrogate protein actions, cellular events, and animal behaviors with a simple flash of light. Manipulating the temporal and spatial profile of light enabled precise control of membrane potentials. This feature has inspired non-opsin-based optogenetics, which not only inherits the precise spatiotemporal resolution but also expands the targets into a diverse pool of biomolecules such as membrane receptors, ion channels, kinases, GTPases, and transcription factors. This book is unique because it emphasizes the design and applications of opsin-free optogenetic tools. Key Features Describes new developments in non-opsin-based optogenetic tools Introduces cutting-edge methods for precise modulation of cell signaling Trade Review “This book differs markedly from these other, more general volumes by virtue of its concentration on next generation, non-opsin photo-switches. The result is a focused, highly informative, yet compact and easy-to-read volume that offers a model for how these works should be constructed.” Doody Review Peter J. Kennelly, PhD (Virginia Tech) Table of ContentsTable of Content Chapter 1 Optogenetic dissection of a two-component calcium influx pathway Xiaoxuan Liu, Yingshan Wang, Yubin Zhou, and Guolin Ma* Chapter 2 High-throughput engineering of a light-activatable Ca2+ channel Lian He*, Liuqing Wang, and Youjun Wang* Chapter 3 Optogenetic activation of TrkB signaling Peiyuan Huang, Zhihao Zhao, Lei Lei, and Liting Duan* Chapter 4 Spatiotemporal modulation of neural repair Huaxun Fan, Qin Wang, Kai Zhang*, and Yuanquan Song* Chapter 5 Optogenetic control of neural stem cell differentiation Yixun Su, Taida Huang, Kai Zhang, and Chenju Yi* Chapter 6 An optogenetic toolbox for remote control of programmed cell death Ningxia Zhang and Ji Jing* Chapter 7 Control of protein levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by optogenetic modules that act on protein synthesis and stability Sophia Hasenjäger, Jonathan Trauth, and Christof Taxis* Chapter 8 Optogenetics as a tool to study neurodegeneration and signal transduction Prabhat Tiwari* and Nicholas S. Tolwinski* Chapter 9 Opsin-free optogenetics: brain and beyond Jongryul Hong, Yeonji Jeong, and Won Do Heo* Chapter 10 Constructing a far-red light-induced split-Cre recombinase system for controllable genome engineering Meiyan Wang, Jiali Wu, and Haifeng Ye* Chapter 11 Tools and Technologies for Wireless and Non-invasive Optogenetics Guangfu Wu, Vagif Abdulla, Yiyuan Yang, Michael Schneider, and Yi Zhang*

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Book SynopsisThis third edition expands on the previous editions by providing updated protocols and current methods that cover recent breakthroughs in Drosophila research. Chapters guide readers through FlyBase, versatile gene expression systems, analysis of microRNA function, single-cell transcriptome data and metabolism, recent applications of CRISPR for precise genome editing, transcriptional activation and cell lineage tracing, protein inhibition and tagging, optogenetic and optochemical control of tissue mechanics, AFM measurements, sample preparation for electron microscopy, live imaging of different tissues and organs, and quantitative image analysis. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include an introduction to their topic, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, as well as tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfallsAuthoritative and cutting-edge,Drosophila: MTable of Contents 1. Using FlyBase, a database of Drosophila genes and genetics Victoria K. Jenkins, Aoife Larkin, Jim Thurmond and The FlyBase Consortium 2. The Q-System: A versatile repressible binary expression system Orsolya Fölsz, Chun-Chieh Lin, Darya Task, Olena Riabinina and Christopher J. Potter 3. Resources and methods for the analysis of microRNA function in Drosophila Sromana Mukherjee and Nicholas Sokol 4. Analysis of single-cell transcriptome data in Drosophila Schayan Yousefian, Maria Jelena Musillo and Josephine Bageritz 5. Prime editing for precise genome engineering in Drosophila Justin A. Bosch and Norbert Perrimon 6. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated precise and efficient genome editing in Drosophila Kevin G. Nyberg and Richard W. Carthew 7. Tissue-specific CRISPR-Cas9 screening in Drosophila Fillip Port and Michael Boutros 8. CRISPR-based transcriptional activation in Drosophila Yuting Han, Xinyi Lu, Yutong Li, Yuhao Qiu, Xizhi Dong, Xiaochen Li, Xu Si, Qingfei Liu, Jian-Quan Ni 9. Tracing and manipulating Drosophila cell lineages based on CRISPR: CaSSA and CLADES Jorge Garcia-Marques and Tzumin Lee 10. Studying protein function using nanobodies and other protein binders in Drosophila Katarzyna Lepeta, Milena Bauer, Gustavo Aguilar, Alessandra Vigano, Shinya Matsuda and Markus Affolter 11. Anchor Away: A system for fast inhibition of proteins in Drosophila Pablo Sanchez Bosch 12. Tagging Drosophila proteins with genetically-encoded fluorophores Jerome Avellaneda and Frank Schnorrer 13. Optogenetic methods to control tissue mechanics in Drosophila Daniel Krueger and Stefano De Renzis 14. Optochemical control of cell contractility in Drosophila embryos Deqing Kong and Jörg Großhans 15. Stiffness measurement of Drosophila egg chambers by atomic force microscopy Uwe Töpfer, Karla Yanín Guerra Santillán and Elisabeth Fischer-Friedrich 16. Cultivation and live imaging of Drosophila imaginal discs Natalie A. Dye 17. Sample preparation and imaging of the pupal Drosophila abdominal epidermis Daiki Umetsu 18. FlyClear: A tissue clearing technique for high-resolution microscopy of Drosophila Marko Pende, Saiedeh Saghafi, Klaus Becker, Thomas Hummel and Hans-Ulrich Dodt 19. Preparation of Drosophila tissues and organs for transmission electron microscopy Olympia-Ekaterini Psathaki and Achim Paululat 20. Segmentation and quantitative analysis of epithelial tissues Benoit Aigouy and Benjamin Prud’homme 21. Genetically-encoded sensors to study metabolism in Drosophila Ellen McMullen, Helen Hertenstein, Stephan Müller and Stefanie Schirmeier

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Book SynopsisThis book shows how natural science can be applied to human beings, yet simultaneously how humans remain free of strict determination by biology. Ideal for students and researchers, and anyone who has ever wondered how to reconcile human freedom and self-determination with the biological facts of evolution and genetics.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in genetics and related biotechnologies are having a profound effect on sport, raising important ethical questions about the limits and possibilities of the human body. Drawing on real case studies and grounded in rigorous scientific evidence, this book offers an ethical critique of current practices and explores the intersection of genetics, ethics and sport. Written by two of the world's leading authorities on the ethics of biotechnology in sport, the book addresses the philosophical implications of the latest scientific developments and technological data. Distinguishing fact from popular myth and science fiction, it covers key topics such as the genetic basis of sport performance and the role of genetic testing in talent identification and development. Its ten chapters discuss current debates surrounding issues such as the shifting relationship between genetics, sports medicine and sports science, gene enhancement, gene transfer technology, doping and disability Trade Review"Key reading and a central reference point for anyone who intends to enter the realm of sport bioethics … I believe that with Bioethics, Genetics and Sport we have one of those books that we will refer to as classics or capital works in the philosophy of sport."- Matija Mato Škerbić, University of Zagreb, idrottsforum.orgTable of ContentsPreface Part I: Genethics, Sports Medicine and Sports Science1. The Nature of Genetics and Its Place in Medicine and Sport 2. What Role for Genetic Testing in Sport? 3. Genetic Testing for Talent Identification and Development 4. Biobanking in Sport: Governance and Ethics 5. Gene Transfer, Gene Enhancement and Gene Doping: Distinguishing Science from Science Fiction Part II: Enhancement, Therapy, and the Ethical Construction of Categories in Sport 6. Enhancement, Doping and the Spirit of Sport 7. A Case Study In ‘Gene Enhancement’: Gene Transfer to Raise the Tolerance to Pain: A Legitimate Mode of Enhancement, or Illegitimate Doping? 8. On the Eligibility of Female Athletes with Hyperandrogenism to Compete: Athleticism, Medicalisation and Testosterone 9. Congenital and Acquired Disabilities: What Counts as Unfair Advantage in the Paralympics? 10. The Re-Inscription of the Concept of Biological Race Through Sport in Society Epilogue

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Book SynopsisLearn the data skills necessary for turning large sequencing datasets into reproducible and robust biological findings. With this practical guide, you'll learn how to use freely available open source tools to extract meaning from large complex biological data sets.

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Book SynopsisHow scientific advances in genetic modification will fundamentally change the natural worldThe process of manipulating the genetic material of one animal to include the DNA of another creates a new transgenic organism. Several animals, notably goats, mice, sheep, and cattle are now genetically modified in this way. In Our Transgenic Future, Lisa Jean Moore wonders what such scientific advances portend. Will the natural world become so modified that it ceases to exist? After turning species into hybrids, can we ever get back to the original, or are they forever lost? Does genetic manipulation make better lives possible, and if so, for whom?Moore centers the story on goats that have been engineered by the US military and civilian scientists using the DNA of spiders. The goat's milk contains a spider-silk protein fiber; it can be spun into ultra-strong fabric that can be used to manufacture lightweight military body armor. Researchers also hope the transgenically produced spider silk willTrade Review"Lisa Jean Moore contributes a very needed conversation regarding the ways technology is built, maintained, and destroyed, and the tensions that evolve in its creation between funding entities, scientific knowledge production, and the general public. Moore walks a narrow line between a fear of dystopian consequences and a realization of the sheer possibilities associated with their human-driven existence. Her voice is nicely interwoven with interspecies relationships, the commodification of nonhuman-nonanimal animals (at least in the natural sense), scientific facts, economic drivers, and the oft-unrealized presence of transgenic technologies in our daily lives." * Andrea Laurent-Simpson, author of Just Like Family: How Companion Animals Joined the Household *"A fascinating and fun read. Lisa Jean Moore deftly analyzes a biologically and ethically complex topic, using reflexive analyses to guide the reader along, and contributing to emergent knowledge about genetically modified animals. Moore’s reflexivity invites the reader to witness her thinking about difficult issues, and thus the book also provides a path for us as readers to think alongside her. She doesn’t tell readers what to think on the topic, or even how to think about it, but by modeling her thinking through the topic, we are able to fully grasp the issue at hand and come to our own (messy) conclusions." * Elizabeth Cherry, author of For the Birds: Protecting Wildlife through the Naturalist Gaze *"For a reader interested in the details and daily routine of this kind of scientific interaction with large animals, there is much in this book to enjoy. One may also learn something about spiders, which are undoubtedly fascinating creatures." -- John Dupré * Los Angeles Review of Books *"Moore's narration is delicate, respectful, and wonder-filled... genuinely fun and eminently accessible. Lisa Jean Moore’s Our Transgenic Future is an entertaining, thoughtful inquiry into genetic engineering in general and all of the many ethical questions that it raises." -- Rebecca Coffey * Forbes *

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Book SynopsisEPUB and EPDF available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. We tend to hold people responsible for their choices, but not for what they can’t control: their nature, genes or biological makeup. This thought-provoking collection redefines the boundaries of moral responsibility. It shows how epigenetics reveals connections between our genetic make-up and our environment. The essays challenge established notions of human nature and the nature/nurture divide and suggest a shift in focus from individual to collective responsibility. Uncovering the links between our genetic makeup, environment and experiences, this is an important contribution to ongoing debates on ethics, genetics and responsibility.Table of Contents1. Epigenetics, Bioethics and a Developmental Outlook on Life 2. Epigenetics and Forward-Looking Collective Responsibility 3. Luck, Epigenetics and the Worth of Collectives 4. Pictures at an Exhibition: Epigenetics, Harm and the Non-Identity Problem 5. Epigenetics, Parenthood and Responsibility for Children 6. AI and Epigenetic Responsibility 7. Responsibility and the Microbiome

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Book SynopsisGrapevine is a highly valuable crop worldwide, both from cultural as well as commercial point of view. One major advantage this crop has is that it is well adapted to scarce water conditions. Grapes are also a valuable source of health-promoting compounds such as polyphenols. The main object of grapevine breeding is to develop varieties of high quality, that are resistant to pathogens and at the same time well adapted to a changing environment. Since the beginning of the XXI century, there has been a concerted effort by the international scientific community to develop genomic tools and resources for grapevine culminating in its complete genome sequence. These efforts and their usefulness for grapevine breeding or viticulture improvement are reviewed and discussed in this book by globally reputed scientists in the field.Table of ContentsGrapevines and Viticulture. Natural Variation in Vitis. Origins and Consequences of Somatic Variation in Grapevine. Linkage Disequilibrium and Prospects for Association Mapping in Vitis. Molecular Linkage Maps: Strategies, Resources and Achievements. Basics of Grapevine Genetic Analysis. Molecular Breeding. Positional Cloning of Disease Resistance Genes in Grapevine.

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Book SynopsisThe Language of Genetics: An Introduction is the seventh title published in the Templeton Science and Religion Series, in which scientists from a wide range of fields distill their experience and knowledge into brief tours of their respective specialties. In this volume, Dr. Denis R. Alexander offers readers a basic toolkit of information, explanations, and ideas that can help us grasp something of the fascination and the challenge of the language of genetics.Alexander surveys the big picture, covering such topics as the birth of the field; DNA: what it is, how it works, and how it was discovered; our genetic history; the role of genes in diseases, epigenetics, and genetic engineering. The book assumes the reader has little scientific background, least of all in genetics, and approaches these issues in a very accessible way, free of specialized or overly technical jargon. In the last chapter, Dr. Alexander explores some of the big questions raised by genetics: what are its implications for notions of human value and uniqueness? Is evolution consistent with religious belief? If we believe in a God of love, then how come the evolutionary process, utterly dependent upon the language of genetics, is so wasteful and involves so much pain and suffering? How far should we go in manipulating the human genome? Does genetics subvert the idea that life has some ultimate meaning and purpose?Genetics is a rapidly advancing field; it seems new discoveries make headlines every other week. The Language of Genetics is intended to give the general reader the knowledge he or she needs to assess and understand the next big story in genetics.

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Book SynopsisBillions of spots of tiny genetic code comprise the human genome. It was DNA sequencing technology that had revolutionized genomic research by decoding the valuable genetic information by giving the picture of an exact order of occurrence of nucleotides in a DNA. The inception of first-generation sequencing method, also called Sanger sequencing took place in 1975. The first major breakthrough of first-generation sequencing comes, when the 13 year log Human Genome Project (HGP) was completed in 2003 at a cost $3 million. With ever increasing demands of researchers and clinicians, complex genomic research require a depth of information which is however beyond the capacity of traditional DNA sequencing technologies. These research questions gaps are very well addressed by Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has filled that gap of cheaper as well as faster sequencing technology.It is just a decade old technology, but it has popularize the next-generation sequencing to high-throughput sequencing hat allow millions to trillions of observations to be made in parallel during a single instrument run. Since the introduction of these technologies, the number of applications and methods that influence the power of genome-scale sequencing has increased exponentially. Although in genome research NGS has mostly superseded conventional Sanger sequencing, it has not yet translated into routine clinical practice.The following chapter will highlight the concepts, technologies, and methods of next-generation sequencing to illustrate the breadth and depth of the applications and research areas that are driving progress in genomics.

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Book SynopsisTechnology for modifying the genotypes and phenotypes of insects and other arthropods has steadily progressed with the development of more precise and powerful methods, most prominently transgenic modification. For many insect pests, there is now almost unlimited ability to modify phenotypes to benefit human health and agriculture. Precise DNA modifications and gene drive have the power to make wild-type populations less harmful in ways that could never have been performed with previous transgenic approaches. This transition from primarily laboratory science to greater application for field use has also necessitated greater development of modeling, ethical considerations and regulatory oversight. The 2nd Edition of Transgenic Insects contains chapters contributed by experts in the field that cover technologies and applications that are now possible. This edition includes increased attention to associated challenges of risk assessment, regulation, and public engagement. Featuring: Up-to-date analysis of molecular techniques, such as gene editing. Consideration of public attitudes and regulatory aspects associated with transgenic insects. Many examples of the wide range of applications of transgenic insects. This book will be very valuable to students and researchers in entomology, molecular biology, genetics, public health and agriculture, and will also appeal to practitioners who are implementing the technology, and to regulators, stakeholders and ethicists.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Transposon-based Technologies for Insects Chapter 2: Inducible and Repressible Systems for Transgene Expression Chapter 3: Sex-, Tissue- and Stage-Specific Transgene Expression Chapter 4: RNA Interference to Modify Phenotypes in Agriculturally Important Pest and Beneficial Insects: Useful Examples and Future Challenges Chapter 5: Site-specific Recombination for Gene Locus-directed Transgene Integration and Modification Chapter 6: Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo - ReMOT Control: A Comprehensive Review and Detailed Protocol for Implementation Chapter 7: Site-directed DNA Sequence Modification Using CRISPR-Cas9 Chapter 8: An Introduction to the Molecular Genetics of Gene Drives and Thoughts on Their Gradual Transition to Field Use Chapter 9: Drosophila melanogaster As a Model for Gene Drive Systems Chapter 10: Sex Ratio Manipulation Using Gene Drive for Mosquito Population Control Chapter 11: Population Modification Using Gene Drive for Reduction of Malaria Transmission Chapter 12: Modelling threshold-dependent gene drives Chapter 13: Tsetse Paratransgenesis: a Novel Strategy for Reducing the Spread of African Trypanosomiases Chapter 14: Paratransgenic Control of Chagas Disease Chapter 15: Asaia Paratrangenesis in Mosquitoes Chapter 16: Paratransgenesis in Mosquitoes and Other Insects: Microbial Ecology and Bacterial Genetic Considerations Chapter 17: Transgenic approaches for sterile insect control of dipteran livestock pests and lepidopteran crop pests Chapter 18: Honey bee genome editing Chapter 19: Progress Towards Germline Transformation of Ticks Chapter 20: Silkworm Transgenesis and its Applications Chapter 21: Tephritid Fruit Fly Transgenesis and Applications Chapter 22: Antiviral Effectors for Mosquito Transgenesis Chapter 23: Self-Limiting Insects for Pest Management Chapter 24: Public Acceptability and Stakeholder Engagement for Genetic Control Technologies Chapter 25: Regulation of Transgenic Insects Chapter 26: Economics of Transgenic Insects for Field Release Chapter 27: The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the Regulation of Transboundary Movement of Living Modified Organisms Chapter 28: Risk Analysis of Transgenic Insects

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThis textbook introduces marine biotechnology by collecting the key knowledge on genetics, fish breeding, genetic diversity, seaweed production and microalgae biotechnology, and explores marine biomaterials and how they can benefit human health. Covering the latest applications of marine biotechnology in natural product development, genomics, transgenic technology, cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceutical development, it particularly focuses on future biological resources, developing functional materials from marine life, production of marine bioenergy and marine microbial resources and biotechnology. The author explains the structure of the book in an introductory note, and each chapter offers a detailed overview and conclusion to help readers better grasp the acquired knowledge. Lastly, the final part provides a comprehensive glossary with brief explanations of the key concepts in marine biotechnology. Written by a leading expert in the field with more than 30 years of teaching experience, this book broadens students’ understanding of the basics and recent developments in marine biotechnology.Table of ContentsWhat is Marine Biotechnology?.- Introduction to Molecular Biology.- Fish Genetics.- Fish Breeding and Biotechnology.- Genetic Diversity and DNA Markers in Fish.- Seaweed Biotechnology.- Microalgae, a Biological Resource for the Future.- Developing Functional Materials with Marine Organisms.- Marine Bioenergy Production.- Marine Natural Substances.- Marine Microorganism Resources and Biotechnology.- Index.

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Book SynopsisThis fully revised third edition includes up-to-date topics and developments in the field, which has made tremendous strides since the publication of the second edition in 2004. Many novel techniques based on Next Generation Sequencing have sped up the analysis of fungi and major advances have been made in genome editing, leading to a deeper understanding of the genetics underlying cellular processes as well as their applicability. At the same time, the relevance of fungi is unbroken, both due to the serious threats to human health and welfare posed by fungal pests and pathogens, and to the many benefits that fungal biotechnology can offer for diverse emerging markets and processes that form the basis of the modern bioeconomy. With regard to these advances, the first section of this volume, Genetics, illustrates the basic genetic processes underlying inheritance, cell biology, metabolism and “lifestyles” of fungi. The second section, Biotechnology, addresses the applied side of fungal genetics, ranging from new tools for synthetic biology to the biotechnological potential of fungi from diverse environments. Gathering chapters written by reputed scientists, the book represents an invaluable reference guide for fungal biologists, geneticists and biotechnologists alike.Trade Review“In such a rapidly moving area of mycology, it is not surprising that there is much new to report 16 years on. While badged as a third edition, it is more a collection of in-depth review articles, many on topics which have largely emerged in the years since the second. … a particularly valuable synopsis of the current state of fungal genomics. … and an especially exciting overview of the potential of anaerobic gut fungi.” (IMA Fungus, December 31, 2021)Table of ContentsMolecular Genetics 1 Chromatin Structure and Function in Neurospora crassa A.J. Courtney, A.R. Ferraro, A.D. Klocko, Z. LEWIS (U. of Georgia, USA) zlewis@uga.edu 2 Origin, function and transmission of accessory chromosomes M. HABIG and E. HOLTGREWE STUKENBROCK (MPI für Evolutionsbiologie, D) estukenbrock@bot.uni-kiel.de 3 Genetics of the unfolded protein response in fungi R. Harting and K. HEIMEL (Uni Göttingen, D) kheimel@gwdg.de 4 From genetics to molecular oscillations: the circadian clock in Neurospora crassa M.S. JANKOWSKI, Z.A. CHASE and J.M. HURLEY (Rensselaer Polytech, USA) hurlej2@rpi.edu 5 small RNAs in fungi F.E. Nicolás, L. Murcia, E. Navarro, J.T. Cánovas-Márquez, V. Garre (Univ. de Murcia, Spain) vgarre@um.es 6 NLR function in fungi as revealed by the study of self/non-self recognition systems A. DASKALOV, W. DYRKA and S. SAUPE (CNRS, Bordeaux, F) sven.saupe@ibgc.cnrs.fr 7 Genetics and genomics decipher partner biology in arbuscular mycorrhizas L. Lanfranco, G. Carotenuto, A. Genre, P. Bonfante (Torino, Italy) paola.bonfante@unito.it 8 Coordination of fungal secondary metabolism and development J. GERKE, A.M. KÖHLER, C. MEISTER, K.G. THIEME, H. AMOEDO, G.H. BRAUS (Göttingen, D) gbraus@gwdg.de 9 Fungal Genomics R. OHM (Utrecht, NL) r.a.ohm@uu.nl Biotechnology 10 Filamentous fungi as hosts for heterologous production of proteins and secondary metabolites in the post-genomic era J.K. Rendsvig, M.E. Futyma, Z.D. Jarczynska, U. H. MORTENSEN (DTU, Denmark) um@bio.dtu.dk 11 New Avenues towards drug discovery in fungi M. Flak, M.K.C. Krespach, A.J. Pschibul, V. Schroeckh, A.A. Brakhage (Jena, D) axel.brakhage@uni-jena.de 12 Exploiting fungal photobiology as a source of novel bio-blocks for optogenetic systems V. Rojas, F. Salinas, L. Guzman-Zamora, A. Romero, V. Delgado and L.F. LARRONDO (PUC, Chile) llarrondo@bio.puc.cl 13 Yeast cell factories B. Schmelzer, M. Altvater, B. Gasser, M. Sauer, D. MATTANOVICH (BOKU, Vienna, AUT) diethard.mattanovich@boku.ac.at 14 Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of fatty acids and their derivatives L. Baumann, F. Wernig, S. Henritzi, M. OREB (Frankfurt) M.Oreb@bio.uni-frankfurt.de 15 Fungi Involved in the Biodeterioration and Bioconversion of Lignocellulose Substrates B. GOODELL (UMass) bgoodell@umass.edu 16 Biotechnology of marine fungi: New workhorses and new uses - using marine fungal diversity as a source for biotechnology A. Kramer, A. LABES (HS Flensburg, D) antje.labes@hs-flensburg.de 17 The biotechnological potential of anaerobic gut fungi V. Dollhofer, D. Young, S. Seppälä, C. Hooker, N. Youssef, S.M. Podmirseg, M. Nagler, M. Reilly, Y. Li, K. Fliegerová, Y. Cheng, G. W. Griffith, M. Elshahed, K.V. Solomon, M.A. O’Malley, M.K. Theodorou (LFL Bayern) Veronika.Dollhofer@lfl.bayern.de

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Book SynopsisThis open access book describes recent innovations in food systems based on root, tuber and banana crops in developing countries. These innovations respond to many of the challenges facing these vital crops, linked to their vegetative seed and bulky and perishable produce. The innovations create value, food, jobs and new sources of income while improving the wellbeing and quality of life of their users. Women are often key players in the production, processing and marketing of roots, tubers and bananas, so successful innovation needs to consider gender. These crops and their value chains have long been neglected by research and development, hence this book contributes to filling in the gap. The book features many outcomes of the CGIAR Research Program in Roots, Tubers and Banana (RTB), which operated from 2012-21, encompassing many tropical countries, academic and industry partners, multiple crops, and major initiatives. It describes the successful innovation model developed by RTB that brings together diverse partners and organizations, to create value for the end users and to generate positive economic and social outcomes. RTB has accelerated the scaling of innovations to reach many end users cost effectively. Though most of the book’s examples and insights are from Africa, they can be applied worldwide. The book will be useful for decision makers designing policies to scale up agricultural solutions, for researchers and extension specialists seeking practical ideas, and for scholars of innovation.Table of Contents​Section A: Overview, Institutional Change and ScalingChapter 1 - OverviewGraham Thiele, Michael Friedmann, Vivian Polar and Hugo CamposChapter 2 - Innovation models to deliver value at scale: the RTB Program Helen Hambly, Michael Friedmann, Claudio Proietti, Vivian Polar, Sarah Fernandes, Graham ThieleChapter 3 - Scaling Readiness: learnings from applying a novel approach to support scaling of food system innovationsMarc Schut, Cees Leeuwis, Murat Sartas, Luis Alejandro Taborda Andrade, Jacob van Etten, Anna Muller, Thierry Tran, Arnaud Chapuis and Graham ThieleSection B: Processing, Marketing and DistributionChapter 4 - Cost-effective cassava processing: Case study of small-scale flash dryer reengineeringThierry Tran, Adebayo Abass, Luis Alejandro Taborda Andrade, Arnaud Chapuis, Marcelo Precoppe, Laurent Adinsi, Alexandre Bouniol, Makuachukwu Ojide, Suraju Adeyemi Adegbite, Simon Singi Lukombo, Murat Sartas, Béla Teeken, Apollin Fotso Kuate, Robert Ndjouenkeu, Martín Moreno, John Belalcázar, Luis Augusto Becerra López-Lavalle, Dominique DufourChapter 5 - Orange-Fleshed Sweetpotato Puree, a Breakthrough Product for the Bakery Sector in Africa Mukani Moyo, Van-Den Truong, Josip Simunovic, Jean Pankuku, George Ooko Abong, Francis Kweku Amagloh, Richard Fuchs, Antonio Magnaghi, Srinivasulu Rajendran, Fredrick Grant and Tawanda MuzhingiChapter 6 - Turning waste to wealth: Harnessing the potential of cassava peels for nutritious animal feedIheanacho Okike, Seerp Wigboldus, Anandan Samireddipalle, Diego Naziri, Akin O. K. Adesehinwa, Victor Attah Adejoh, Tunde Amole, Sunil Bordoloi, Peter KulakowChapter 7 - Transferring cassava processing technology from Brazil to AfricaAlfredo Augusto Cunha Alves, Luciana Alves de Oliveira, and Joselito da Silva MottaChapter 8 - Improving Safety of Cassava ProductsLinley Chiwona-Karltun, Leon Brimer, Jose JacksonSection C: Enhancing productivityChapter 9 - Innovative digital technologies to monitor and control pest and disease threats in root, tuber, and banana (RTB) cropping systems: Progress and prospects Jan Kreuze, Julius Adewopo, Michael Selvaraj, Leroy Mwanzia, Lava Kumar, Wilmer J. Cuellar, James P. Legg, David Hughes, Guy Blomme Chapter 10 - Scaling banana bacterial wilt management through single diseased stem removal in the Great Lakes RegionEnoch Kikulwe, Marsy Asindu, Walter Ocimati, William Tinzaara, Francois Iradukunda, Susan Ajambo, Guy BlommeChapter 11 - Toolbox for Working with Root, Tuber and Banana Seed SystemsJorge L. Andrade-Piedra, Karen A. Garrett, Erik Delaquis, Conny J.M. Almekinders, Margaret A. McEwan, Fleur B.M. Kilwinger, Sarah Mayanja, Lucy Mulugo, Israel Navarrete, Aman Bonaventure Omondi, Srinivasulu Rajendran, P. Lava KumarChapter 12. Securing sweetpotato planting material for farmers in dryland Africa: Gender-responsive communication approaches to scale Triple SMargaret A. McEwan, T.A. van Mourik, M.C. Hundayehu, F. Asfaw, S. Namanda, I. Suleman, Sarah Mayanja, S. Imoro, P.M. Etwire Chapter 13 - Revolutionizing early generation seed potato in East AfricaElmar Schulte-Geldermann, Rogers Kakuhenzire, Kalpana Sharma, Monica ParkerChapter 14: Transforming Yam Seed Systems in West AfricaNorbert Maroya, Morufat Balogun, Beatrice Aighewi, Djana B. Mignouna, P. Lava Kumar, and Robert Asiedu Chapter 15 - Commercially sustainable cassava seed systems in AfricaJames P. Legg, E Diebiru-Ojo, D. Eagle., M. Friedmann, E. Kanju, R. Kapinga, P.L. Kumar, S. Lateef, S. Magige, K. Mtunda, G. Thiele, J. Yabeja and H. NitturkarChapter 16 - Building demand-led and gender-responsive breeding programsVivian Polar, Béla Teeken, Janet Mwende, Pricilla Marimo, Hale A Tufan, Jacqueline A Ashby, Steve Cole, Sarah Mayanja, Julius J Okello, Peter Kulakow, Graham ThieleSection D: Improving livelihoodsChapter 17 - Scaling Readiness of Biofortified Root, Tuber, and Banana Crops for Africa Jan Low, Anna-Marie Ball, Paul Ilona, Beatrice Ekesa, Simon Heck, Wolfgang Pfeiffer

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Book SynopsisThis open access book offers a comprehensive overview of the history of genomics across three different species and four decades, from the 1980s to the recent past. It takes an inclusive approach in order to capture not only the international initiatives to map and sequence the genomes of various organisms, but also the work of smaller-scale institutions engaged in the mapping and sequencing of yeast, human and pig DNA. In doing so, the authors expand the historiographical lens of genomics from a focus on large-scale projects to other forms of organisation. They show how practices such as genome mapping, sequence assembly and annotation are as essential as DNA sequencing in the history of genomics, and argue that existing depictions of genomics are too closely associated with the Human Genome Project. Exploring the use of genomic tools by biochemists, cell biologists, and medical and agriculturally-oriented geneticists, this book portrays the history of genomics as inseparably entangled with the day-to-day practices and objectives of these communities. The authors also uncover often forgotten actors such as the European Commission, a crucial funder and forger of collaborative networks undertaking genomic projects. In examining historical trajectories across species, communities and projects, the book provides new insights on genomics, its dramatic expansion during the late twentieth-century and its developments in the twenty-first century. Offering the first extensive critical examination of the nature and historicity of reference genomes, this book demonstrates how their affordances and limitations are shaped by the involvement or absence of particular communities in their production. Table of ContentsChapter 1. IntroductionPart I. The Diversity of GenomicsChapter 2. Distributed and Concentrated Strategies in the Sequencing of the Yeast GenomeChapter 3. The Human Genome Project(s)Part II. Communities and Reference GenomesChapter 4. The Funnelling Effect of the Sanger InstituteChapter 5. The Pig Community and Their Reference GenomePart III. Contextualising and Enhancing Reference GenomesChapter 6. Making Reference Genomes Useful: AnnotationChapter 7. Improving and Going Beyond Reference GenomesChapter 8. Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThis textbook provides students with knowledge of neurogenetics, neurogenesis, neuronal specification and function, neuronal networks, learning and memory formation, brain evolution, and neurodegenerative diseases.Students are introduced to topics of classical developmental genetics as well as modern molecular and neurogenetic methods. Using a wealth of examples from current research, the textbook takes a strong applied approach. Using animal models such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans as well as mammalian systems, the interrelationships between genes, neurons, nervous systems, and behaviour under normal and pathological conditions are illustrated. The textbook aims encourage students to address biological questions in neurogenetics and to think about the design of their own experiments. It targets primarily master and graduate students in neurobiology, but is also a valuable teaching tool for instructors in these fields.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction to neurogenetics.- Chapter 2. Neurogenetic analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans.- Chapter 3. Regionalisation of the early nervous system.- Chapter 4. Early neurogenesis and gliogenesis in Drosophila.- Chapter 5. Neural stem cells and brain tumour models in Drosophila.- Chapter 6. Eye development in Drosophila: from photoreceptor specification to terminal differentiation.- Chapter 7. Neurogenetics of memory, learning and forgetting.- Chapter 8. Evolution and origins of nervous systems.- Chapter 9. Neural stem and progenitor cells in the mammalian brain.- Chapter 10. Models of neurodegenerative diseases.

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Book SynopsisWhat are life and death? Is it possible to understand their essence and give clear definitions? Countless books and articles have been devoted to trying to answer these intriguing questions. However, there are still no definite and generally accepted answers. The intrigue remains. And meanwhile, human attempts to vanquish death and achieve immortality continue apace.This book is an attempt to answer the eternal questions about life and death by analyzing, synthesizing, and rethinking the known facts that characterize life. The material here should be of particular interest, as it contains many hypotheses, philosophical generalizations, and well informed speculations. What is most important for life - matter, energy, or information? How are individual lives and the phenomenon of life in general related? What serves what – does the genome serve the cell or does the cell serve the genome? What is the value of life and death? Can we become immortal? The inquisitive reader will find original answers to these and other exciting questions in the pages of this stimulating book.Table of ContentsThe phenomenon of life. Planet system of life.- Individual Life. Living bodies - holders of life.- The Emergence of Individual Life and the Life Phenomena.- Development.- Reproduction of living bodies and genomes.- Ways and Mechanisms of Survival.- Aging and Loss of Individuals.- The processes and mechanisms of living bodies. The nature of vitality.- Information and Management. Mechanisms of the Invisible World of the Genome.- Living Bodies - Phenotypic Framing of Genomes.- Duality of Life.- Immortality. Power of the Genome.- Conclusion. The Unified System of Life.

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Book SynopsisThis open access book covers a century of research on wheat genetics and evolution, starting with the discovery in 1918 of the accurate number of chromosomes in wheat. We re-evaluate classical studies that are pillars of the current knowledge considering recent genomic data in the wheat group comprising 31 species from the genera Amblyopyrum, Aegilops, Triticum, and other more distant relatives. For these species, we describe morphology, ecogeographical distribution, phylogeny as well as cytogenetic and genomic features. For crops, we also address evolution under human selection, namely pre-domestication cultivation and domestication. We re-examine the genetic and archeological evidence of where, when, and how domestication occurred. We discuss unique aspects of genome evolution and maintenance under polyploidization, in natural and synthetic allopolyploids of the wheat group. Finally, we propose some thoughts on the future prospects of wheat improvement. As such, it can be of great interest to wheat researchers and breeders as well as to plant scientists and students interested in plant genetics, evolution, domestication, and polyploidy.Table of Contents

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisThis publication contains the proceedings of a seminar held in Brussels on November 8-9, 1988. The title of the seminar was "Reducing the costs of disease by improving resistance through genetics". The seminar was held as an activity of the Community Programme for the Coordination of Agricultural Research, 1984-1988. Costs of disease depend on losses caused by morbidity, mortality and production decreases and on the costs of preventive measures including vaccination and medication. Production losses often contribute a major portion to the total costs. To reduce costs of disease preventive measures like vaccination, preventive medication and hygienic procedures are applied. Genetic resistance is an attractive preventive measure because of its consistent nature in the next generations, because it precludes veterinary services and because there are no side-effects. Constraints are the long term investment, relatively slow progress per generation (in combination with production traits) and the considerable lack of knowledge about inheritance of resistance mechanisms in farm animals.Trade Review`It is recommended for libraries and research workers in the field.' New Zealand Veterinary Journal, September 1990 Table of ContentsTable of Contensts.- Session 1: General aspects Chairperson: A.J. van der Zijpp.- Introduction:.- Biological significance of the MHC.- Session 2: MHC serology and immunology Chairperson: M. Simonsen.- The characterisation and function of the bovine MHC:.- Current status of SLA class I and II serology:.- ELA (Equine Lymphocyte Alloantigens) serology and genetics:.- The chicken MHC and its importance:.- Some evidence for the presence of an MHC analogue in fish:.- Session 3: MHC polymorphism by protein chemistry and DNA techniques Chairperson: R.L. Spooner.- BoLa polymorphism, biochemical analysis at the product level:.- Comparison of BoLa class I and class II typing methods and their application to MHC function studies:.- The molecular genetics of the SLA complex:.- Molecular anatomy of the chicken Major Histocompatibility B complex:.- Session 4: MHC and disease associations Chairpersons: M. Vaiman and S. Lazary.- Possible influence of the Caprine Leucocyte Antigen (CLA) system on development of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE) in family and population studies:.- Statistical aspects of cattle MHC (BOLA) and disease associations exemplified by an investigation of subclinical mastitis:.- Possible effects of the pig SLA complex on physiological performances:.- ELA disease associations:.- Session 5: Immune response markers and disease resistance Chairperson: E. Andresen.- An immune competence profile in swine:.- The genetics of parasite resisrance in sheep:.- The Biozzi model applied to the chicken:.- Genetic resistance to bovine mastitis:.- Session 6: General discussion Chairpersons: W. Sybesma and A.J. van der Zijpp.- General Discussions and Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisFixing Your Damaged and Incorrect Genes is a book about a well-established biological process called DNA REPAIR. The book describes the multiple and varied biochemical strategies by which damaged or incorrect nucleotides are removed from DNA or are corrected. The book includes multiple figures of notable past and present scientists in the field. The book is uniquely focused on an audience of non-biologists and is written in simple language with minimal use of technical terms. It contains an extensive glossary that provides explanations of key words that readers are encouraged to refer to as they read. Fixing Your Damaged and Incorrect Genes is unique, there being no previously published books for non-biologists on the topic of DNA repair.

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Book SynopsisBreakthroughs in high-throughput genome sequencing and high-performance computing technologies have empowered scientists to decode many genomes including our own. Now they have a bigger ambition: to fully understand the vast diversity of microbial communities within us and around us, and to exploit their potential for the improvement of our health and environment. In this new field called metagenomics, microbial genomes are sequenced directly from the habitats without lab cultivation. Computational metagenomics, however, faces both a data challenge that deals with tens of tera-bases of sequences and an algorithmic one that deals with the complexity of thousands of species and their interactions.This interdisciplinary book is essential reading for those who are interested in beginning their own journey in computational metagenomics. It is a prism to look through various intricate computational metagenomics problems and unravel their three distinctive aspects: metagenomics, data engineering, and algorithms. Graduate students and advanced undergraduates from genomics science or computer science fields will find that the concepts explained in this book can serve as stepping stones for more advanced topics, while metagenomics practitioners and researchers from similar disciplines may use it to broaden their knowledge or identify new research targets.

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Book SynopsisThis book describes the use of stem cells and cancer stem cell generation in the inflammatory microenvironment (cancer-inducing niche) using induced pluripotent stem cells. It provides step-by-step techniques and manuals for studying stem cell and cancer stem cell generation with different applications in cancer research. The development of induced pluripotent stem cells has provided a new approach to studying cancer initiation by producing cancer stem cells without introducing mutations or foreign genes. The book features the research of the authors’ group, which was the first to generate cancer stem cells from stem cells in the presence of inflammatory conditions. The 20 chapters of this book cover topics such as generating pluripotent stem cells, converting normal stem cells to cancer stem cells, enriching, isolating and evaluating cancer stem cells. Methods for evaluating the characteristics of cancer stem cells and possible therapies against them are also discussed. The book provides easy-to-follow protocols that help researchers in the study of cancer stem cells. Illustrations help readers understand how the method of cancer stem cell generation can be applied as an essential method for assessing the carcinogenic potential of various non-mutagenic compounds. It will be a useful resource for graduate students, researchers, technicians, and physicians working in academic, hospital, and pharmaceutical settings. Table of Contents1. On the origin of cancer.- 2. Culture of Cells: Basic Principles .- 3. Stem cell culture from embryos.- 4. Reprogramming of normal cells.- 5. Maintenance of human Pluripotent Stem Cells.- 6. Identification of cancer stem cells by different molecular markers .- 7. Enrichment of Cancer Stem Cell from malignant tumor.- 8. Isolation of single clonal cell from primary cultured cells and establishment of a cancer stem cell line .- 9. Artificial Generation of Cancer Stem Cells from Normal Stem Cells.- 10. Quick method to assess non-mutagenic carcinogens with iPS cells.- 11. Self-renewal potential of caner stem cells.- 12. Differentiation potential of cancer stem cells in vitro.- 13. Tumor Angiogenesis by cancer stem cells in vivo.- 14. Invasion and Metastatic potential of cancer stem cells in vitro.- 15. Metastatic potential of cancer stem cells In Vivo- 16. Anchorage-independent cell growth assay for Cancer Stem Cells: Tumorigenic assay in vitro .- 17. Tumorigenic potential of cancer stem cells in vivo.- 18. Development of immunoliposomes using monoclonal antibodies targeting cancer stem cells .- 19. In-vitro evaluation of anti-cancer stem cell drugs .- 20. In vitro Tumoroid Model Using Cancer Stem Cells.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents up-to-date information on the origins of the Ashkenazic Jewish people from central and eastern Europe based on genetic research on modern and pre-modern populations. It focuses on the 129 maternal haplogroups that the author confirmed that Ashkenazim have acquired from distinct female ancestors who were indigenous to diverse lands that include Israel, Italy, Poland, Germany, North Africa, and China, revealing both their Israelite inheritance and the lasting legacy of conversions to Judaism. Genetic connections between Ashkenazic Jews and other Jewish populations, including Turkish Jews, Moroccan Jews, Tunisian Jews, Iranian Jews, and Cochin Jews, are indicated wherever they are known.Table of ContentsSummaryAcknowledgments1. An Introduction to Ashkenazic History and Genetics2. Encyclopedia of Ashkenazic Maternal Lineages3. Non-Ashkenazic Haplogroups in Populations Related to Ashkenazim4. ConclusionNotesBibliographyIndexAbout the Author

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Book SynopsisThough forensic genetic technologies are upheld as important tools of justice the development of these technologies has been accomplished through the ongoing genetic servitude of Indigenous Peoples. Forensic Colonialism explores how these controversial methods serve only privileged populations, and keep others exploited and criminalized.Trade Review“There is so little scholarly analysis of biotechnology, colonization, and policing theory – particularly regarding the Uyghurs, one of the most urgent sites of contemporary settler colonization – and it is vital that this research be shared with scientists and the public. Mark Munsterhjelm expertly takes on this difficult task with his encyclopedic knowledge of the history of DNA collection in this unique, engaging, and important book.” Darren Byler, Simon Fraser University and author of In the Camps: China's High-Tech Penal Colony

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