Gastroenterology Books

Book SynopsisThis manual offers state-of-the-art diagnostic and therapeutic modalities drawn from Gastroenterology, Speech Language Pathology, Otolaryngology and Radiology, offering contributions of 28 innovators and master clinicians to benefit both patients and providers.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“This is a comprehensive overview of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for dysphagia. … The book is written for healthcare providers who see patients with disorders of deglutition, which would include those in otolaryngology, gastroenterology, speech-language pathology, and rehabilitation medicine. … This is an important contribution to the field of dysphagia management, with detailed chapters on diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients. The chapters are well organized and easy to follow.” (Inna Athar Husain, Doody’s Review Service, November, 2012)Table of ContentsPart I: General Consideration in Evaluation of Dysphagic Patients 1. Establishing a comprehensive Center for diagnosis and therapy of swallowing disorders - Bronwyn Jones and William Ravich2. Clinical Evaluation of Patients with Dysphagia: Importance of History Taking and Physical Exam - Gary H. McCullough and Rosemary Martino Part II: Commonly Used Tests for Evaluation of Deglutitive Disorders3. Radiographic Evaluation of the Oral/preparatory and Pharyngeal Phases of swallowing including the UES: Comprehensive Modified Barium Swallow Studies - Jeri A. Logemann4. Radiographic Evaluation of the Esophageal Phase of swallowing - Marc Levine5. Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) - Susan Langmore and Joseph T. Murray6. Laryngopharyngeal Sensory Testing - Jonathan Aviv7. Un-sedated Transnasal esophagoscopy: Endoscopic evaluation of esophageal phase of deglutition - Gregory Postma and Kia Saeian8. Manometry of the UES including High Resolution Manometry - Benson Massey9. Manometric Assessment of the Esophagus - Jeff Conklin10. Esophageal pH and impedance monitoring - Eytan Bardan11. Pharyngeal pH and impedance monitoring - Robert T. Kavitt and Michael F. Vaezi Part III: Management of Oral Pharyngeal Dysphagia in Adults12. Oropharyngeal Strengthening and Rehabilitation of Deglutitive Disorders - Jacqueline Hind and JoAnne Robbins13. Shaker Exercise - Caryn Easterling14. Mendelson Maneuver and Masako Maneuver - Cathy L. Lazarus 15. Effortful Swallow - Maggie Lee Huckabee and Phoebe Macrae16. Compensatory Strategies and Techniques - Susan Butler, Cathy Pelletier, Catriona M. Steele Part IV: Management of Oral Pharyngeal Dysphagia in Pediatrics17. Rehabilitative Maneuvers and Exercise - Joan Justine Sheppard18. Compensatory Strategies and Techniques - Claire Miller and Paul Willging19. Special Consideration in the Evaluation of Infants and Children with Deglutitive Disorders - Neelesh Tipnis

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Book SynopsisAre you suffering from Irritable Bowel Syndrome? Do you have episodes of wind, bloating, constipation and diarrhoea? If so, this probably means that your digestive system is not functioning properly and you need to find out why. Based on proven methods applied in her own practice, Hilda Glickman discusses the symptoms of IBS, shows you how to test at home for the possible causes and looks at how you can improve your overall health through simple changes to your diet. Written in a clear, accessible style, this book offers a five-step plan that will enable you to Find out and eliminate what should not be in your digestive tract Add in what should be in the digestive tractFacilitate the reintroduction of beneficial bacteriaHeal and strengthen your digestive tract Learn how you should eat in order to maintain a healthy digestionYour digestive system doesn''t exist on its own. If it is not functioning correc

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Book Synopsis Selected as a Doody's Core Title for 2022 and 2023! Closely mirroring the daily sign-out process, Atlas of Gastrointestinal Pathology: A Pattern Based Approach to Neoplastic Biopsies is a highly illustrated, efficient guide to accurate diagnosis. This practical reference uses a proven, pattern-based approach to clearly explain how to interpret challenging cases by highlighting red flags in the clinical chart and locating hidden clues in the slides. Useful as a daily “scope-side guide,” it features numerous clinical and educational features that help you find pertinent information, reach a correct diagnosis, and assemble a thorough and streamlined pathology report. More than 1,600 high-quality photomicrographs capture the subtle morphologic spectrum of neoplastic processes of the tubular GI tract. Each image is captioned with key diagnostic considerations and includes call-outs showing subtle features and diagnostic clues.

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Book SynopsisDisorders of the gastrointestinal tract make up some of the most common illnesses experienced across the lifespan affecting individuals in infancy, childhood and adulthood. This essential guide to the gastrointestinal system will enable nurses and allied health professionals to apply principles of anatomy and physiology to clinical practice. Taking a practical and evidence-based approach, each chapter explores associated anatomy, function and abnormalities. Chapters use selected pathology and associated pathophysiology, from across the lifespan, to support understanding of how disorders can disrupt the development and function of the gastrointestinal tract. The accessible writing style and full colour illustrations make this an ideal introduction for students and professionals new to gastrointestinal care.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Oral Cavity. Oesophagus. Small Intestine. Pancreas. Liver and Gallbladder. Large Intestine.

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Book Synopsis'All disease begins in the gut.' —HippocratesA humorous, easy-to-digest guide to the gut and next generation hope to combat heart disease, obesity, autism, Alzheimer's, and more.Let’s Talk Sh!t examines the human microbiome—the dynamic world of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that com­prises more than 50 percent of our mortal selves—and its role in health and well-being. This informative catch-all compendium is packed with knowledge about gastrointestinal disorders and their current treatments, offering readers next-generation hope to combat heart disease, obesity, autism, Alzheimer’s, and more. From constipation to cancer, research indicates that our unique microbiomes may be the basis for future advances in health and wellness. Dr. Sabine Hazan and Dr. Thomas Borody, leaders in microbiome research, explore the rea­son therapies may not be working for many and why fecal transplants may be part of the s

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Book Synopsis'A spicy educational treat to be savoured: a delight.' Tim Spector'This is an extraordinary fusion of science, literature, medicine and cookery. I've never read anything quite like it - a book that will transform tour understanding of what you it and how it makes you feel.' Dr Xand and Dr Chris van Tulleken'I so enjoyed this book, it does so much, it will let you cook recipes like a top chef and at the same time give you the scientific foresight of a doctor.' Gregg Wallace'This takes you on a culinary and scientific journey through the gut, exploring digestion and how what we eat influences the way we feel.' Dr Max the Mind DoctorThe book will take you on a joint culinary and scientific journey through the gut. It is an unapologetic celebration of what I believe to be the most amazing organ of the body, that will enhance and enlighten the way you cook and eat. Saliha Mahmood AhmedWritten by a gastroenterologist and award-winning food writer, Foodology offers a unique perspective on the joy of eating. Explaining the process of digestion and how the food we eat influences the way we feel, Saliha draws on the latest science and her own experiences as both a doctor and a cook, to bring the subject to life. From childhood memories of devouring Indian street food to why munching on a jam doughnut brings gastronomic happiness, Saliha also offers 50 new, simple, delicious and mostly vegetarian recipes to help you explore your gut health and find your own gastronomic happiness.Foodology takes you on a journey from the first smell of food and bite of goodness through to the time it takes for food to leave the system, and all the processes in between. Have you ever thought about why certain smells can make your mouth water, how the texture of food can impact your taste and why some foods can make you bloat? Saliha takes you on an extensive journey through the gut to show you the true joy of food and why gastronomic happiness is so important to our lives.'A great book for anyone who wants to cook a very tasty supper that hits the spot and also get to know their bodies, moods and emotions better. Foodology is both fascinating and full of delicious meals to enjoy cooking.' Melissa Hemsley'This is a book in the finest tradition of narrative recipe writing. It's a heavenly mix of whimsy, life and science, grounded in solid technique and blissful flavour.' William Sitwell

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Book Synopsis'I deeply respect and honour the work of Ann Louise Gittleman, whom I consider as a teacher, as well as what she has done to bring intelligence to the world of nutrition.' Dr Mark HymanEat your way to a faster metabolism, easier weight loss and better health - from New York Times bestselling author and health pioneer Ann Louise Gittleman.One reason many diets fail is that they don't correct the shutdown of key fat-burning tissues in the body: brown fat, muscle and the microbiome. Each of these prefers a specific type of food for optimal function and this expert book tells you exactly how to fuel them.Radical Metabolism will shake up your long-held beliefs and assumptions about what is healthy, especially when it comes to diet. However, this isn't just about weight loss - this is about putting the brakes on ageing, gaining the tools necessary to dodge age-related illness and staying energised for life. The book is divided into three sections: The first section lays out the scientific basis for the Radical Metabolism plan so that you can understand the rationale behind the programme. Discover the five radical rules for rescuing your metabolism, the forgotten but powerful role bile plays in the body's slimming systems and the hero ingredients that are key to lasting weight loss. The second section is the eating diet plan. It starts off with the 4-Day Radical Intensive Cleanse, a simple juicing-and-souping detox plan designed to give your liver and gallbladder a rest before the main programme. The 21-Day Radical Reboot will teach you how to reawaken and retrain your metabolism to build a lasting and lean body. The third section expands the menu with a collection of 49 recipes (anglicised for UK readers) and provides a maintenance plan and additional guidance for staying on track for life.An easy-to-follow programme with the nutritional and scientific research to back it up, this book offers simple strategies that produce radical results.REAP THE BENEFITS OF A RADICAL METABOLISM: - Lasting weight loss - Greater energy - Balanced mood - Healthier skin - Protection against health problems, such as type II diabetes and gallbladder issues

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Book Synopsis'A must-have for sufferers, medics, caterers and restaurant staff' - Ian MarberThis authoritative, accessible and supportive book will help you to find out if you or child need to avoid gluten, and how to set about getting a diagnosis. If you do need to avoid gluten - or if you already know you or a family member are coeliac - it will help you to understand labelling, to shop safely (and affordably), to eat out without fear, and to make the best healthy, gluten-free choices for your diet. There is plenty of psychological and emotional support, and insight into managing everyday challenges, from safe travel to personal care and other non-food exposures. The book also gives some insight into the latest research into coeliac disease, and possible future developments for managing the condition, giving continued hope that the newest, groundbreaking therapies may transform the lives of coeliacs ten years hence. Practical, readable and with a Foreword by Coeliac UK, this book is indispensable for anyone seeking the very latest information and advice on how to live the best possible gluten-free life.Trade Review"Coeliac disease represents a confusing journey for so many people, and this book provides an accurate and supportive guide to help clear away the fog along the way." -- Dr Chris Steele"This compact book packs a wealth of information ... I have read dozens of books about celiac disease but learned so much in Gazzola's overview of the discovery of the cause ... one of the go-to books for those with the disease ..." -- Linda Hughes * Celebrate Gluten-Free *"This book will help those anxious about the condition to understand more about it. Chapters on symptoms, diagnosis and testing are followed by practical advice on managing the disease, including the emotional and psychological effects - an area too often overlooked." -- Sarah Stacey * You Magazine *"... a fantastic support for those with a diagnosis... provides much more than 'just the basics' of the condition and will give comfort and reassurance to those bewildered by recent diagnosis... an excellent book." -- Ursula Arens * Network Health Dietitians *"... well-written... factually accurate... easy to read... The contents are well selected and up to date... a useful addition to the bookshelf of anyone with coeliac disease, particularly the newly diagnosed." -- Tanya Thomas, RD * Dietetics Today *"There is a huge amount of information packed into this slim little volume... a must-read bible of a book" -- Ruth Holroyd * What Allergy? *"The most informative book on coeliac disease I have ever read - all coeliacs should have a copy." -- John Burke * GFLiving.com *"I recommend this book to anyone who is newly diagnosed with coeliac to deal with the transition to a gluten-free life as well as those who've been living with coeliac disease for some time and would like a refresher." -- Sian Drew, AKA Gluten-Free Mrs D

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Book SynopsisChildhood allergies are booming, but what if there was a way to prevent allergies in the first place? What if simple lifestyle changes in the critical first 1000 days could change your baby's life?For families across the world, eczema, asthma, hay fever and food allergies are constant anxieties, sometimes with devastating consequences. Leading gastroenterologist Dr Vincent Ho has taken a deep dive into the exploding medical field of gut health and explains that from conception to birth, and from breastfeeding to the introduction of solid foods, small steps go a long way in preventing allergies and fortifying your baby's immune system. Dr Ho cuts through the scientific jargon to provide strategies for allergy management and treatment, and shows you how to strengthen your child's gut health for the long term - all before they begin to walk.The Healthy Baby Gut Guide is packed with sensible advice, surprising scientific discoveries and even a nutritionist-approved nine-week infant meal plan to help parents navigate the introduction of common allergenic foods. Practical, easy-to-follow and utterly eye-opening, this book is essential reading for every parent and parent-to-be.'Essential reading for every parent and parent-to-be.' - Dr Rupy Aujla, Author & Founder, The Doctor's Kitchen'This is a really useful guide. Dr Vincent Ho has put together an easy to read and understand book on how to reduce allergies in children. I highly recommend this book in your list of baby books to read.' - Dr Sonny Chong, Consultant Paediatrician and Gastroenterologist, Queen Mary's Hospital for Children'A terrific evidence-based guide to help parents foster the optimum gut health for their babies. As a mother and scientist, I will turn to this book time and time again. Dr Ho is clearly and expert in his field, navigating a tricky subject with admirable ease and dexterity.' - Dr Saliha Mahmood AhmedTrade ReviewThis is a really useful guide. Dr Vincent Ho has put together an easy to read and understand book on how to reduce allergies in children. I highly recommend this book in your list of baby books to read. * Dr Sonny Chong, Consultant Paediatrician and Gastroenterologist, Queen Mary's Hospital for Children *A terrific evidence-based guide to help parents foster the optimum gut health for their babies. As a mother and scientist, I will turn to this book time and time again. Dr Ho is clearly and expert in his field, navigating a tricky subject with admirable ease and dexterity. * Dr Saliha Mahmood Ahmed *

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Book SynopsisTo all readers of this book on pancreatitis: The idea of centering a book on pancreatitis came to the authors mind after working as a general surgeon at his hospital over a period of twenty-seven years after his return from Britain, where he finished his postgraduate training and received the fellowship from the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. This book covers topics of pancreatitis including pathology, clinical presentation, investigations and treatment; it is recommended for resident surgeons and will help them to attain knowledge on pancreatitis. The author would like to thank the staff of the HBP unit at Queen Elizabeth Hospital at Birmingham, particularly Professor J. Buckle and Mr. D. Mirza, who gave the author the chance to practice his skills when he was a visiting surgeon at their unit.

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Book SynopsisFlavonoids are plant secondary metabolites with a basic polyphenolic skeleton and anticancer properties have greatly attracted the interest of scientists already for several years. This structurally diverse group of phytochemicals can be found abundantly in various edible plant products, such as fruits and vegetables, tea and cocoa, nuts, spices, grains and medicinal herbs. In the past decades, numerous experimental studies have shown antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antiinflammatory, antiangiogenic, antiinvasive and antimetastatic activities of these compounds in different cancerous systems. Because of close contacts and interactions of ingested food components with the epithelial lining of organ sites of the upper gastrointestinal tract, flavonoids can directly affect the development and progression of malignant neoplasms in the oral cavity, esophagus and stomach. This book gives a comprehensive and contemporary survey about the different anticancer actions of various natural and semisynthetic flavonoids in experimental models of oral, pharyngeal, esophageal and gastric cancers, involving the data obtained from studies of both cell lines as well as laboratorial animals. Also, the effects of flavonoids on the therapeutic responses of conventional cancer treatment modalities, i.e., different chemotherapeutic drugs and irradiation, are presented and analyzed. Moreover, the current epidemiological knowledge about the role of dietary intake of flavonoids on the risk of carcinogenesis in the upper digestive tract in populations with different dietary and lifestyle habits is described. By virtue of the high topicality of the subject but also the thoroughness of its discussion, this book could be interesting and attractive to basic scientists working in the field of plant chemicals, molecular cancer research or design and development of novel anticancer drugs; synthetic chemists in different pharmaceutical companies; health workers and nutritional counselors; medical doctors working with cancer patients; people suffering from any type of upper digestive tract tumors and their family members; and anyone who is interested in the natural tools for the fight against malignant neoplasms and whose purpose is to consciously prevent carcinogenesis within the upper gastrointestinal tract.

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Book SynopsisAcute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical abdominal emergencies worldwide, with a lifetime risk of 8.6% for males and 6.7% for females. This compilation discusses how while non-operative treatment of appendicitis has been proposed as an alternative to surgery, appendicectomy remains the mainstay of treatment in most cases and techniques have shifted from open to laparoscopic methods. The current knowledge in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and clinical management of acute appendicitis is also discussed. Next, the authors present an updated review chapter of appendicitis regarding its prevalence and risk factors, particularly how the diagnosis of appendicitis is based on a history of diffuse abdominal pain, which usually starts in the central region of the abdomen and migrates to the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. The residual remnant or "stump" of the appendix after an initial appendectomy may become inflamed causing what is commonly referred to as stump appendicitis. Treatment with antibiotics may be attempted as an alternative to surgery; however, the vast majority of cases require definitive surgical excision of the remnant appendix. The authors propose that keeping this disease in the differential is important in reducing complications associated with delayed diagnosis.

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Book SynopsisCandida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast and it is a common member of the human gut flora. It does not proliferate outside the human body. It is detected in the gastrointestinal tract and mouth in 40-60% of healthy adults. It is usually a commensal organism but can become pathogenic in immunocompromised individuals under a variety of conditions. Yeast infection is caused by a specific strain of yeast known as Candida. Although a small amount of yeast is found in the body, yeast infection occurs when there is an overgrowth of Candida. Most yeast infections is caused by Candida albicans. Fungal that affects different areas of the body like skin, mouth, genitals, throat and blood. The yeast Candida albicans lives inside every one of us. Normally it presents no problems, but today's widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, antacids, contraceptive pills, and steroids, as well as the all-too-common sugar-rich diet, can lead to a proliferation of this parasitic yeast within the body. Often overlooked by doctors, overgrowth of Candida has been linked to a wide variety of physical and mental problems such as: acne; heartburn; muscular pain; anxiety; irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); fibromyalgia; bloating and constipation; chronic fatigue; migraine; cystitis irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); allergies; menstrual problems; irritability Candida that causes the human infection candidiasis results from an overgrowth of the fungus is for example often observed in HIV-infected patients. C. albicans is the most common fungal species isolated from biofilms either formed on (permanent) implanted medical devices or on human tissue. C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata are together responsible for 50 -- 90% of all cases of candidiasis in humans. A mortality rate of 40% has been reported for patients with systemic candidiasis due to C. albicans. Invasive candidiasis contracted in a hospital causes 2,800 to 11,200 deaths yearly in the U.S. C. albicans is commonly used as a model organism for biology. It is also known as sweet fungus and sugar inhibits its growth. It is generally referred to as a dimorphic fungus because it grows both as yeast and filamentous cells. However, it has several different morphological phenotypes. C. albicans was for a long time considered an obligate diploid organism without a haploid stage. This is, however, not the case. Next to a haploid stage C. albicans can also exist in a tetraploid stage. The latter is formed when diploid C. albicans cells mate when they are in the opaque form. Candida thrives well on sugar and needs an acidic environment to survive. Processed and refined foods high in gluten and sugar (including natural sugars) create an ideal home for Candida, so the most logical place to start battling the enemy is by restricting intake of alcohol, sweets, bread, vinegar and foods containing vinegar, peanuts and foods high in sugar - including sweet fruits such as bananas and dates. Include protein rich foods like avocados, chia seeds and wild-caught fish. Garlic and turmeric (also known as curcumin) is a natural anti-fungal that can kill Candida. The best potent and all-natural candida killer is coconut oil. It contains caprylic acid, which has anti-microbial properties that can kill yeasts and candida. Studies have shown that it is more effective in treating candidiasis than the prescription drug fluconazole. There are relatively few drugs that can successfully treat Candidiasis. Treatment commonly includes amphotericin B,echinocandin, or fluconazole for systemic infections. Nystatin for oral and esophageal infection and Clotrimazole for skin and genital yeast infections.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/candida-albicans-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment/

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Book SynopsisOver past several decades, an increasing number of cases of diverticulitis of colon have been reported making it a major health problem particularly in western countries. The distribution of the disease varies geographically with western population having prevalence rates of 5-45% and Asian population having prevalence rates of 13-25%. Although elderly people are more likely to develop diverticulitis, younger patients may also develop diverticular disease. In fact, it has been reported that disease in younger patients is more aggressive with higher rates of complication and recurrence. According to latest statistical reports acute diverticulitis accounts to nearly 200000 hospital admissions putting a burden of 2.7 billion dollars on healthcare system in America. Diverticular disease can cause significant symptoms, impair quality of life and can prove fatal if left untreated and is considered as the fifth most costly gastrointestinal disorder in the Western world. The book entitled, Diverticulitis; Diagnosis and Treatment, presents an up to date review of the medical and surgical management of diverticulitis. The book comprises of various topics discussing the background, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, presentation, treatment both medical and surgical, and recent advances in the management of diverticulitis. The book will be academic interest for surgeons, physicians, gastroenterologists and Coloproctologists. The book can be used as a reference book by teachers, professionals and students. The main benefit of reading this book is that since this disease entity is common all over the world and its incidence is increasing and is a significant contributor of health care costs, all the relevant and latest information regarding this disease has been published in a comprehensive form which will be helpful to the students, academicians, researchers and professionals dealing with medical healthcare.

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Book SynopsisThis book includes studies aimed at determining design interventions in which the composition of microbiota may be modulated to achieve a specific microbial profile beneficial to overall host behavior. In addition, this compilation summarises and critically discusses recent literature on the evaluation of changes in the microbiota associated with liver diseases, aiming to evaluate which alterations could be involved in the initiation and progression of liver disease. The authors emphasize the importance of promoting a balanced microbiome to maintain or improve oral health effectively. In order to fully understand the progression of oral diseases, it is essential to evaluate the microbiome together with genetic, immunological and environmental factors.Table of ContentsPreface; The Effect of Gut Microbiota Alterations in the Gut-Brain Axis and Its Contribution to the Obesogenic State: An Overview; Insights into the Role of Dysbiosis in the Progression of Liver Disease: An Update; Oral Microbial Dysbiosis; Index.

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Book SynopsisGestational diabetes, because of its not only high prevalence but also resulting complications in both mother and fetus makes it one of the most important problem of a pregnant woman. The exact cause of gestational diabetes is unknown. Obviously, there is no one reason for the development of the disease. Placental hormones likely play a role. Insulin resistance is in the center and some factors like adipokines, lipids, inflammation, oxidative stress, heavy metals, gut microbiota, autoimmunity, metabolomics, genetic factors and vitamin D are the determinants for the development of insulin resistance and disease itself. Worldwide distribution of the disease changes according to geography. Ethnic factors also play role. Although some well-known risk factors have role in the development of the disease, 1 in 20 women without any risk factors also develop GDM. There is no universal screening and diagnostic methods. Some countries use universal screening some others prefer selective screening of women with risk factors. In addition, some suggest use of one-step diagnosis, while others two-step. The most challenging issue is use of some biomarkers in early (first trimester) diagnosis of pregnancy to prevent development of GDM. Many modalities are used in treatment. Medical nutrition therapy is still the basis of management. Exercise has some roles, too. Besides pharmacotherapies like insulin and oral antidiabetics, some modern modalities like insulin pump therapy together with continuous glucose monitoring, telemedicine, dietary supplements like myoinositols are also covered in this book. Monitorization is important in diabetes and role of nurses in follow-up is incontrovertible. If not treated well, both fetus and mother are open to complications. From congenital malformations to macrosomia, if inevitable, proper management of these problems has to be considered. Some comorbidities like hypertension, thyroid problems and psychosocial stress complicate the problem further. Fetal monitorization, time and type of delivery and management of glycaemia during peripartum period are the issues to be considered towards to end of pregnancy. The problem does not finish with the birth of baby. Both mother and newborn has to be followed for the development of future problems like postpartum diabetes and obesity. Nutrition and benefits of breastfeeding are important points for the health of the baby. In addition, every efforts has to be spent to prevent recurrence of the disease in subsequent pregnancies. The most important instrument against fighting a disease is information i.e. how much we know about it. Understanding the problem thoroughly strengthens our hands to cope and overcome it more easily. The main target of this book is to handle every aspect of the disease from diagnosis to treatment as evident from the title. It is a candidate for a reference guide in this subject. It includes most recent and update data on gestational diabetes.

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Book SynopsisProbiotics are live microorganisms that, when consumed, can provide health benefits, generally by improving or restoring the gut flora. As probiotics have become increasingly popular in recent years, it is important for consumers and clinicians to understand the details of the potential health effects of these supplements. Chapter 1 focuses on the relationship between different types of milk, the growth of probiotics, and relevant characteristics regarding viability, the quality of the dairy product, and the production of undesirable components. Chapter 2 summarizes studies on the probiotic impact of functional foods on the immune system and analyzes the future of the probiotic functional food market. Chapter 3 describes pathways and mechanisms through which probiotics may improve hypothyroidism and its complications. Chapter 4 presents a literature review of intestinal microbiota and bone health and discusses the effectiveness of probiotics in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. Chapter 5 presents an FTIR analysis of protein/peptide-based biopolymers used for probiotic encapsulation. Lastly, Chapter 6 collates experimental studies on probiotics with ameliorative effects on arsenic toxicity.Table of ContentsPreface; Influence of Milk from Different Species on Probiotics Growth and the Health Effects of Consuming Dairy Probiotic Food; Probiotics in Functional Food: Impact on Immunity and Future Perspectives; Probiotic and Hypothyroidism; Osteoporosis and Probiotics; FTIR Analysis of Protein/Peptide-Based Biopolymer Used for Probiotic Encapsulation; Arsenic Toxicity and Its Remediation by Probiotics: An Upshot; Index.

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Book SynopsisInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which encompasses both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronically relapsing intestinal disorder that is characterized by diarrhea and abdominal pain. The incidence of IBD is increasing worldwide. Although some major advances have been made in recent years, the pathogenesis of the disease still remains obscure. As currently understood, a combination of genetic alterations and immunological disturbances causing an interaction of the enteric microflora with the underlying mucosa and a disrupted barrier function may be crucial for the development of disease. Despite substantial new data that have been obtained over the last several years, it has become increasingly difficult to accommodate these into a unifying disease model. Identification of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines has introduced "biologic therapies," but treatment of IBD is still based mainly on broad-spectrum immunosuppressive drugs such as steroids and azathioprine. In this volume, the most relevant pathogenetic aspects are stressed: genetic alterations, disrupted epithelial barrier function, immunological disturbances, and the role of the enteric microflora. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas. ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Current Limitations of IBD Treatment. Where Do We Go From Here?: S.R. Targan. Part I: Genetics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease –NOD/CARD Proteins: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Consequences?:. 1. Microbial Signaling Through NOD Proteins: D. Philpott. 2. NOD2/CARD Mutations in Crohn’s Disease: J.P. Hugot. 3. Functional Relevance of NOD2 On Cellular Signalling in Crohn's Disease: G. Nunez. 4. Do Genetic Mutations Provide New Insights for Therapy?: J. Cho. Part II: Immunologic Abnormalities in IBD – What Can We Learn From Animal Models?:. 5. Role of TGFβ in Mucosal Inflammation: W. Strober. 6. TNF/TNFR-Pathways in Chronic Inflammation: G. Kollias. 7. Lessons From Enteric Infections: L. Eckmann. 8. New Insights From Studies of Regulatory T Cell Populations: A. O'Garra. 9. the Commensal Microbial Flora: Relevance for Intestinal Inflammation: C.O. Elson. Part III: Immunologic Disturbances in Human IBD – Defining and Manipulating the Key Pathways:. 10. Chemokines and Cell Trafficking Within the Inflamed Mucosa -- Inhibition of Chemokine Receptors or Ligands as a Potential Approach for Treatment?: I.R. Williams. 11. Life and Death – the Role of Apoptosis: T. Kucharzik. 12. Cytokines – Who Are the Key Plays and the Role for Cytokine Treatment: R.S. Blumberg. 13. Novel Signal Transduction Pathways – Relevance for Future Therapies?: M.F. Neurath. 14. NF-Kappa-B Signaling –the Pros and Cons of Altering NF-κB as a Therapeutic Approach: M. Karin. 15. Intracellular Targets: a Role for Inhibition of MAP-Kinases in Therapy?: S.J. Deventer. 16. Leucocyte Adhesion Molecules – Are They Relevant as Target for IBD Treatment?: D.B. Binion. Part IV: Intestinal Epithelial Cells in IBD - An Active Barrier?:. 17. Tight Junction Function and the Modulation of Paracellular Permeability During IBD: a. Nusrat. 18. Epithelial Transport Under Inflammatory Conditions – Can It Be Regulated?: M.C. Berin. 19. Imbalance of Epithelial Electrolyte Homeostasis – Role in the Pathophysiology of IBD: U. Seidler. 20. Neutrophil Transepithelial Migration and Epithelial Barrier Function in IBD – Potential Targets for Inhibiting Neutrophil Trafficking: C.A. Parkos. Part V: GALT – Relevant for Regulation of Inflammation?:. 21. Collaboration of Epithelial Cells With Organized Lymphoid Tissue: M.J. Kraehenbuhl. 22. Role of Lymphotoxins in the Development of PP and MLN – Relevance to Intestinal Inflammation and Treatment: T.W. Spahn. 23. Trafficking and Function of Mucosal Dendritic Cells: A. Iwasaki. 24. Intraepithelial T-Cells – Implication for Intestinal Inflammation: M. Kronenberg. Part VI: Relevance of Microbial Factors – Additive Or Causative for IBD?:. 25. Microbial – Epithelial Cell Crosstalk During Inflammation: The Host Response: M. Kagnoff. 26. Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Orchestrating the Innate Immune Response – Potential Targets for Treatment?: D. Podolsky. 27. Host-Bacterial Interactions in the Gut: Signalling by Commensal Flora: J. Gordon. 28. Immunostimulatory DNA- Potential Therapeutics for Treatment of Enteric Inflammatory Disease?: E. Raz. 29. Probiotics – Their Role in Controlling Intestinal Inflammation?: J.F. Colombel. 30. Inflammatory Bowel Disease – Pandora's Box, Present and Future: J. Schölmerich. Index of Contributors

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Book SynopsisBarrett's esophagus is a disorder in which the lining of the esophagus is damaged by stomach acid. People suffering from this disorder are at an increased risk for esophageal cancer. Barrett’s Esophagus: The 10th OESO World Congress Proceedings explores the lingering controversies around this condition as well as many advances in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. The volume consists of concise commentaries from over 250 experts on all aspects of Barrett's esophagus, from incidence and etiology to treatment. This volume stems from the 10th World Organization for Specialized Studies on Diseases of the Esophagus (OESO). The scientific scope of the OESO conferences is broad and includes advancement in all disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, including physiology and pathophysiology of gastrointestinal motility or mucosal disorders. NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit http://ordering.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/subs.asp?ref=1749-6632&doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1749-6632.

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Book SynopsisProtein transport into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is just one aspect of the general cell biology topic of intracellular protein sorting. This larger picture also includes protein transport into other organelles of the eukaryotic cell (chloroplasts, mitochondria, nucleus, peroxisomes), protein export from bacteria, vesicular transport that delivers to its final destination most of what has been transported into the ER, and protein export from the ER that is associated with protein degradation (termed ERAD). Over the years, protein transport into the ER also has become part of the quest to understand the various roles of molecular chaperones under non-stress conditions and of the ribosomal tunnel exit as the decisive site for molecular triage of nascent polypeptide chains.Table of ContentsPreface 1. Post-Targeting Function s of Signal Peptides 2 . mRNA Translation on the Endoplasmic Reticulum: Kinetic Advantages to Protein Synthesis on the E R .3. Translocon Organization in Cells 4 . Structure of the Sec61 – Complex 5. Sec C o m p lex es in the Yeast ER 6. The Role of BiP and Its Co -Chaperones 7 Membrane Protein Biosynthesis at the Endoplasmic Reticulum 8 . Membrane Insertion of Tail-Anchored Proteins. 9. Human Pathologies of Protein Transport into the Endoplasmic Reticulum

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Book SynopsisThe liver is a large organ that sits in the right upper abdomen, just under the right lung. It is one of the body''s most ''intelligent'' organs in that it performs so many different functions at the same time. The liver makes proteins, eliminates waste material from the body, produces cholesterol, stores and releases glucose energy and metabolises many drugs used in medicine. It also produces bile that flows through bile ducts into the intestine where it helps to digest food. This organ also has the ability to regenerate itself if it is injured or partially removed. Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver that involves the formation of fibrous (scar) tissue associated with the destruction of the normal architecture of the organ. Many types of chronic injury to the liver can result in scar tissue. This scarring distorts the normal structure and re-growth of liver cells. The flow of blood through the liver from the intestine is blocked and the work done by the liver, such as processing drugs or producing proteins, is hindered. Until recently, the most common cause of cirrhosis of the liver in the United States was attributed to alcohol abuse. Because of the rapid increase of hepatitis C virus infection, hepatitis C has now taken over first place (26%), with alcohol abuse falling to second place, but only slightly behind at 21%. This outstanding new book elucidates new and important research results from throughout the world.

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Book SynopsisHepatitis B is a disease of the liver caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a member of the Hepadnavirus family and one of several unrelated viral species which cause viral hepatitis. It was originally known as "serum hepatitis" and has caused current epidemics in parts of Asia and Africa. Hepatitis B is recognised as endemic in China and various other parts of Asia. The proportion of the world''s population currently infected with the virus is 3 to 6%, but up to a third have been exposed. Symptoms of the acute illness caused by the virus include liver inflammation, vomiting, jaundice, and rarely, death. Chronic hepatitis B may cause liver cirrhosis which may then lead to liver cancer. This book presents the latest advances in the field.

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Book SynopsisHepatitis B is a disease of the liver caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a member of the Hepadnavirus family and one of several unrelated viral species which cause viral hepatitis. It was originally known as "serum hepatitis" and has caused current epidemics in parts of Asia and Africa. Hepatitis B is recognised as endemic in China and various other parts of Asia. The proportion of the world''s population currently infected with the virus is 3 to 6%, but up to a third have been exposed. Symptoms of the acute illness caused by the virus include liver inflammation, vomiting, jaundice, and rarely, death. Chronic hepatitis B may cause liver cirrhosis which may then lead to liver cancer.

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Book SynopsisStomach cancer (also called "gastric cancer") is the growth of cancer cells in the lining and wall of the stomach. Stomach cancer represents roughly 2% (25,500) cases of all new cancer cases yearly in the United States, but it is much more common in Japan, Great Britain, South America, and Iceland. It is associated with high salt in the diet, smoking, and low intake of fruits and vegetables. Infection with H. pylori is the main risk factor in about 80% or more of gastric cancers. It is more common in men. A very small percentage of diffuse-type gastric cancers are thought to be genetic. Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC) has only recently been identified and research is ongoing, but genetic testing and treatment options are available for families at risk. Metastasis occurs in 80-90% of individuals with stomach cancer, with a five year survival rate of 75% in those diagnosed in early stages and less than 30% of those diagnosed in late stages. This book presents new and important research from around the world.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents important leading-edge research on stomach cancer. Stomach cancer (also called "gastric cancer") is the growth of cancer cells in the lining and wall of the stomach. Stomach cancer represents roughly 2% (25,500) cases of all new cancer cases yearly in the United States, but it is much more common in Japan, Great Britain, South America, and Iceland. It is associated with high salt in the diet, smoking, and low intake of fruits and vegetables. Infection with H. pylori is the main risk factor in about 80% or more of gastric cancers. It is more common in men. A very small percentage of diffuse-type gastric cancers are thought to be genetic. Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC) has only recently been identified and research is ongoing, but genetic testing and treatment options are available for families at risk. Metastasis occurs in 80-90% of individuals with stomach cancer, with a five year survival rate of 75% in those diagnosed in early stages and less than 30% of those diagnosed in late stages.

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisIn spite of the progress made in vaccine and antiviral therapy development, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection still remains a major health care problem. Over 350 million people are chronically infected worldwide, showing differences in the severity of liver disease, clinical outcome and response to immune and antiviral-therapy. Parameters associated to the host immune system (HBV specific T and/or B-cell repertoires, defective antigen presentation and diminished Th1/Th2 response ratio) and viral factors, such as the HBV genotypes and their evolving variants, have largely contributed to the explanation of such differences. The unique genomic structure and replication cycle of HBV contribute to the occurrence of mutations in any of its genes undergoing selection pressures. The selection of one mutant over the others warrants a biological advantage to the prevalent mutation during the replication cycle of the virus or a selective advantage to the mutant over wild-type virus in host-virus interactions as the authors observed in Argentina where mutated HBsAg were detected, even in the presence of specific anti-HBs antibodies. Reports from USA, as well as from several European and Asian countries have focused on mutations within the HBV genome that may be associated with the hepatitis B vaccine and/or hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) failure, diagnostic escape mutants, antiviral therapy resistance, and differential outcomes in liver disease. In contrast, studies regarding these topics are almost lacking in Latin America. Within this context, it should be emphasised that the already known mutants circulating in other parts of the world could not necessarily be mirroring those strains circulating in this part of the American continent. Emerging data is filling the gap in our knowledge of HBV genotypes in several Latin American countries. While genotypes F and H of HBV are considered to be indigenous in this continent, genotypes A and D might be a mere reflection of a past European migration, and genotypes B and C could represent a consequence of a recent Asian migration. Few years ago, genotype G was detected in Mexico as previously identified in the USA and France. Unexpectedly, some strains ascribed to HBV genotype E (widely considered an African restricted genotype) have been observed in Argentina, even though genotypes F, A and D appear to be the most prevalent in this country. Co-circulation of all the already known genotypes and certain HBV variants in Latin America offers a unique opportunity to study basic viral and clinical features of this infection.

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Book SynopsisThis book is devoted to research on Crohn''s disease (also known as regional enteritis)which is a chronic, episodic, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is generally classified as an auto-immune disease. Crohn''s disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus; as a result, the symptoms of Crohn''s disease vary among afflicted individuals. The disease is characterised by areas of inflammation with areas of normal lining between in a symptom known as skip lesions. The main gastrointestinal symptoms are abdominal pain, diarrhoea (which may be bloody, though this may not be visible to the naked eye), constipation, vomiting, weight loss or weight gain. Crohn''s disease can also cause complications outside of the gastrointestinal tract such as skin rashes, arthritis, and inflammation of the eye. Although the cause of Crohn''s disease is not known, it is believed to be an auto-immune disease that is genetically linked. The highest relative risk occurs in siblings, affecting males and females equally. Smokers are three times more likely to get Crohn''s disease. Unlike the other major types of IBD, there is no known drug based or surgical cure for Crohn''s disease. Treatment options are restricted to controlling symptoms, putting and keeping the disease in remission and preventing relapse.

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Book SynopsisCeliac disease (CD) is defined as a permanent sensitivity to the gluten in wheat and related proteins found in barley and rye. It affects 0.5-1% of the general population world-wide. Currently the only available treatment is lifelong adherence to the gluten-free diet (GFD). This book discusses the lifestyle and financial implications that GFD has on patients as well as the nutritional diets that must be followed in both children and adults. The clinical presentations of CD are categorised into three main groups: Malabsorption, autoimmunity and gut dysmotility. These three main groups are discussed as well as recently published work on celiac disease and the pregnancy outcome of patients with CD. Finally, techniques such as MR-enterography that are used to identify CD are addressed in this book as well.

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Book SynopsisInflammatory bowel disease is a heterogeneous group of chronic, idiopathic, immune-mediated, inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, including Crohn''s disease and ulcerative colitis. In this book, the reader will find a preliminary section on the etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical-pathologic aspects of Crohn''s disease, and - bearing in mind that the best therapeutic choice begins with an accurate diagnosis - an attempt to provide an updated, comprehensive view of the state-of-the-art endoscopic and radiologic procedures used in the diagnosis, staging and management of Crohn''s disease with special emphasis on test appropriateness in the various clinical setting.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines new research on irritable bowel syndrome, also known as spastic colon, which is a functional bowel disorder characterised by chronic abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating and alteration of bowel habits in the absence of any organic cause. As discussed in this book, although there is no known cure, symptoms can often be relieved through bowel movements and through certain treatments including dietary adjustments, medication and psychological interventions. Irritable bowel syndrome may begin after an infection or a stressful life event. However, the exact cause of irritable bowel syndrome is unknown. This book examines the most common theory, which states that it is a disorder of the interaction between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract, although there may also be abnormalities in the gut flora or the immune system as well. Some researchers have also suggested that irritable bowel syndrome is a type of low-grade inflammatory bowel disease.

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Book SynopsisAn ulcer is the result of an imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors. The pathology of ulcer is complex and may involve overproduction of acid or pepsin, inadequate mucosal defence, reflux of bile and pancreatic juice into stomach. Peptic ulcer is a classical example of the biopsychosocial model of disease and like most diseases, it has a multifactorial origin. Furthermore, peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is one of the common disorders affecting the digestive system. The lifetime risk of ulcer is 5-10% in developed countries. This book examines the psychosocial risk factors for developing peptic ulcers. It is shown that PUD occurs more frequently among individuals with anxiety and depressive disorders. The use of a fibrinogen- and thrombin-coated collagen patch for a perforated peptic ulcer is researched as a method to reduce morbidity and mortality rates. Through the application of such a device, previously used in hepatic surgery, a new and simple modification to the standard technique may improve the seal of the traditional repair, has no complications and makes the overall operation faster. In addition to peptic ulcers, the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of gastric and skin ulcers are explored in this book, including the four most common etiologies that account for the large majority of skin ulcers in the elderly, the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers and the results of research done on opical opioid therapy in treating pain from ulcers.

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Book SynopsisThe elderly population is rapidly increasing is size as a result of the ageing of the baby boomers following the Second World War. Since there is a greater morbidity and mortality with advanced age, it is not surprising that this group is becoming a major consumer of health care resources. Most of the organ systems of the body undergo significant changes during the ageing process and the gastrointestinal system is no exception. This book reviews the changes in the entire GI system as a result of ageing and to provide a guide to practitioners who are dealing with the care of the aged.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive look at this common disease written in medical journal style but designed to be read by anyone with an interest in the condition. The book can be used as a reference source or as a general knowledge enhancer. The volume contains hard to find practical advice on testing and treatment of reflux with helpful nuances from an experienced practitioner. The various advanced technologies to diagnose reflux such as wireless pH monitoring, sedationless endoscopy and Capsule endoscopy are reviewed. Also included is a learned discussion about the recent topic of non-acid reflux and how reflux relates to motility disorders of the oesophagus. Alternatives to medications are discussed along with practice experience on their success.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or acid reflux disease is defined as chronic symptoms or mucosal damage produced by the abnormal reflux in the oesophagus. This is commonly due to transient or permanent changes in the barrier between the oesophagus and the stomach. This book focuses on varied topics relating to reflux disease including: the role of mucosal inflammation in reflux disease, pharmacologic treatment of GERD, paediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease, paraesophageal hernias and laparoscopic antireflux procedures, minimally invasive treatments of gastroesophageal reflux disease, obstructive sleep apnea and GERD, and others.

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Book SynopsisAcute appendicitis is caused by inflammation of the vermiform appendix and usually causes pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant, referred rebound tenderness, overlying muscle spasm and cutaneous hyperesthesia. This disease is common and occurs with an annual incidence of 0.25% in the normal population, and there is a lifetime risk for acute appendicitis of 7-9%. This book presents research data from across the globe in the study of appendicitis, its symptoms, diagnosis and treatments. Included herein are topics such as appendicitis during pregnancy; antibiotic therapy alone in the management of acute appendicitis; diagnostic strategies and immunology in acute appendicitis; and utilisation of the Alvarado score to perform CT for acute appendicitis.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the causes, treatment and prevention of liver disease and peritonitis. Topics discussed include abnormal circulating adiponectin levels which are closely associated with the development of chronic liver disease; systemic immuno-inflammatory response to severe peritonitis; the pathogenesis and therapy of peritonitis in cirrhosis; ethnic disparities in liver diseases and alteration of adhesion molecules expression and cellular polarity in liver disease.

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Book SynopsisSwallowing difficulties or dysphagia, can occur with numerous conditions, some of which are permanent, some reversible, and some progressive. The underlying aetiology can be neurological, muscular, or mechanical/obstructive. The authors of this book present topical research in the study of the risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia. Topics discussed include the aetiology and prognosis associated with dysphagia; prevention of radiation-induced dysphagia; dysphagia in the myopathies; swallow screening as an essential component of acute stroke management and the perioperative risk factors for dysphagia.

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Book SynopsisPatients who suffer from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and constipation often find relief from a combination of therapies. This book presents current research in the study of the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options for IBS and constipation. Topics discussed include constipation in Parkinson''s disease; the role of serotonin in irritable bowel syndrome; clinical trials of emerging therapies in chronic idiopathic constipation; the role of primary afferent nocicpetors in visceral pain associated with IBS; the pathophysiology of IBS with diarrhoea; and chronic constipation in the elderly.

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