Funding of education and student finance Books

Book SynopsisMuch has been written about how public schools in the United States are funded. However, missing in the current literature landscape is a nuanced discussion of funding as it relates to public charter schools. This text, authored by researchers and professionals working in the charter school world, provides readers with a comprehensive overview of issues related to the funding and operation of charter schools.The book opens with an introduction to charter schools and how they are funded. The financial management and oversight of charter schools and issues related to funding equity, including how charter schools impact district school finances, are addressed. Special considerations for charter schools related to serving special education students and transportation issues are also addressed. After reading this book, readers will have a thorough understanding of how charter schools are funded and managed financially.

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Book SynopsisThis inspiring account of bipartisan political success delivers an expert breakdown of how and why Kansas—a politically conservative state—was able to craft a stable, balanced, and equitable system of funding for its public schools. Beyond a chronicle of one state’s achievements, School Finance and Education Equity provides invaluable policy guidance and lays out a blueprint that other states can use to strengthen their own public education systems. Readers are given an insider’s tour of the Kansas story by Bruce D. Baker, an academic researcher and expert witness in school finance litigation who has more than two decades of involvement with the state. Baker combines historical background, legal analysis, and political and economic contextual data—along with a gleaming wit—to present a thorough, enlightening narrative of Kansas’s K–12 funding journey. As Baker points out, other states can find much to learn here. He shows that, when it comes to school finance, Kansas serves as an exemplar in aligning resources to meet the promises of its constitution. State leaders rejected the pervasive notion that “money doesn’t matter” in education, and they gathered the data to prove that it does. Baker emphasizes that this kind of slow and steady success hinges on the ability of stakeholders to remain involved over time. Continuity is vitally important. Baker’s account highlights how persistence can overcome opposition, continuity can aid reform, and incremental gains can lead to big change. In an era of national ideological polarization and political and economic volatility, the lessons from Kansas are especially illuminating.

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Book SynopsisIn the updated edition of Smarter Budgets, Smarter Schools, Nathan Levenson proposes fresh strategies for more efficient, equitable resource allocation within school districts.Budgets, according to Levenson, can be a surprisingly powerful lever for improved student achievement outcomes and equity. Readers of this revised edition will find practical advice for funding equity initiatives and social-emotional services, among other student needs. Levenson also discusses how to accommodate common, necessary school expenses and district improvement measures such as capital purchases, personnel costs, and campus renovations within tight funding models. The key is creativity: Levenson invites readers to shift their mindsets and embrace innovative ideas for using limited resources strategically.An indispensable guide, Smarter Budgets, Smarter Schools delivers proven, successful practices for school leaders—superintendents, central office leaders, building principals, and school board members—who hope to make smarter, better informed financial decisions and stretch declining district budgets. It outlines budget management tactics for working around financial constraints brought on by shrinking tax revenues, rising health care and pension costs, and increased special education needs. The book also addresses how to manage declining or increasing enrollment numbers.Throughout this useful and timely work, Levenson provides real-world examples, critical worksheets, and actionable suggestions to help decision-makers apply these concepts and realize a greater academic return on their investments.

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Book SynopsisCollege cost per student has been on the rise at a pace that matches ? or exceeds ? healthcare costs. Unlike healthcare, though, teaching quality has declined, and rapidly rising costs and declining quality are not trends easily forgiven by society. The College Cost Disease addresses these problems, providing a behavioral framework for the chronic cost/quality consequences with which higher education is fraught. Providing many compelling insights into the issues plaguing higher education, Robert Martin expounds upon H.R. Bowen?s revenue theory of cost by detailing experience good theory, the principal/agent problem, and non-profit status. Reputation competition dominates higher education. Students and their parents, and public opinion in general, associate higher tuition with higher quality and greater accolades; price is used as a proxy for quality only when consumers are uncertain about quality prior to purchase. Higher education services are the most complex types of ?experience goods?; a service whose quality can only be determined after a purchase has been made. Applying formal economic theory to higher education, Robert Martin examines how and why attempts to control costs are controversial and the damaging effects these controversies have on institutions? reputations. Arguing that the college access problem cannot be solved until colleges and universities find a way to control their costs, this book brings to the fore the leading ideas that will bring about much-needed budgetary reform in higher education.Governing boards, administrators and faculty members should find much to think on and learn from here; parents, students, alumni and taxpayers will find the research and conclusions alarming, though eye-opening.Trade Review‘The College Cost Disease is indeed a useful reading, not only for the students of economics of education, but also for others interested in quality and also that the costs of higher education would immensely benefit from.’ -- Jandhyala B.G. Tilak, Journal of Educational Planning and AdministrationTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Cost, Quality, and Anomalies in Higher Education 2. Statistical Measures: Teaching Productivity, Cost, Financial Burden, and Quality 3. Reputations and the Chivas Regal Effect 4. The Principal/Agent Problem in Higher Education 5. Commercialization: The Devil Made Me Do It! 6. The Gresham Effect, Lemons, and Teaching 7. Inside the Black Box Glossary Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisInteractions between firms and universities are key building blocks of innovation systems. With a focus on developing countries, this book presents novel comparative research spanning three continents. The result is a more universal and dynamic view of the shaping and reshaping of interactions between firms and universities within different countries in various stages of development.Through expert contributions, a combination of empirical investigations and theoretical discussion is presented, existing studies on innovation systems are quantified and further avenues of research suggested. Readers will establish a more universal understanding of the vibrant relationship between firms and universities, and how this affects innovation for the future.Scholars of innovation, evolutionary economics, science and technology studies, and development studies will find the original research to be of great value. This book will also appeal to public research organizations and policy makers.Contributors: J.O. Adeoti, E. Albuquerque, V. Arza, I. Bortagaray, G. Britto, C. De Fuentes, G. Dutrénit, J.-H. Eun, A.C. Fernandes, G. Kruss, K. Lee, D. Nabudere, D. O'Brien, M. Pinho, L. Ribeiro, D. Schiller, W. Suzigan, C. Vazquez, Y.Wang, G. WuTrade ReviewWhat is similar and what is different about the relationships between how universities and public laboratories interact with firms in developing, as contrasted with advanced, industrial economies? How do these differences reflect and support the differences witnessed in on-going innovations? This book is the first large-scale report on these matters, and their implications for policy in developing countries. --- From the foreword by Richard R. Nelson, Columbia University, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface Richard R. Nelson Introduction Glenda Kruss, Keun Lee, Wilson Suzigan and Eduardo Albuquerque PART I: INTERACTIONS ACROSS REGIONS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT 1. Bracing for Change: Making Universities and Firms Partners for Innovation in Sub-Saharan Africa Glenda Kruss, John O. Adeoti, and Dani Nabudere 2. Are University–Industry Links Meaningful for Catch-Up? A Comparative Analysis of Five Asian Countries Daniel Schiller and Keun Lee 3. Features of Interactions between Public Research Organizations and Industry in Latin America: The Perspective of Researchers and Firms Gabriela Dutrénit and Valeria Arza 4. China’s University–Industry Links in Transition Jong-Hak Eun, Yi Wang and Guisheng Wu PART II: DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS: MATCHES AND MISMATCHES OVER TIME 5. Relevance of University–Industry Links for Firms from Developing Countries: Exploring Different Surveys Marcelo Pinho and Ana Cristina Fernandes 6. Channels and Benefits of Interactions between Public Research Organizations and Industry: Comparing Country Cases in Africa, Asia, and Latin America Valeria Arza, Claudia De Fuentes, Gabriela Dutrénit and Claudia Vazquez 7. Matrices of University–Firm Interactions in Latin America Eduardo Albuquerque, Wilson Suzigan, Valeria Arza and Gabriela Dutrénit PART III: TOWARD A FRAMEWORK OF GLOBAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN UNIVERSITIES AND FIRMS 8. Global Interactions between Firms and Universities: A Tentative Typology and an Empirical Investigation Leonardo Ribeiro, Gustavo Britto, Glenda Kruss, and Eduardo Albuquerque Postscript Researching University–Industry Links: Where Do We Go from Here? David O’Brien and Isabel Bortagaray References Index

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Book SynopsisGiven the recent re-evaluation of research funding policy as an issue central to national governments and the EU, it is imperative that underlying rationales and channels for investment in research and development are examined. A pioneering analysis of the complexity, allocation and management of public funding of research, this Handbook explores the strategies whereby research can be successfully targeted and supported to resolve problems of broad public concern.Used effectively, the Handbook finds, research has the potential to support economic growth, create jobs, enhance social welfare, protect the environment and expand the frontiers of human knowledge. Taking a multi-level approach, chapters strategize ways to address various funding objectives through analysis of policy design, policy instruments, research organizations and researchers, while remedying disparities resulting from the distribution of research funds. The Handbook’s expansive scope, which covers variation in goals and instrument management over time and across countries, facilitates an approach that not only scrutinizes existing paradigms of public research funding but also looks to the future.With authoritative analysis and theoretical frameworks by leading scholars, the Handbook employs an interdisciplinary approach that combines sociology of sciences, political sciences and economics. It will prove a useful resource for scholars and researchers in science policy studies, alongside policy analysts in ministries and research funding organizations seeking to better understand their working environment.Trade Review‘Public funding of research is crucial for independent, creative knowledge production in universities and research organisations, certainly in view of the great societal challenges of our time. This Handbook offers analyses by leading international scholars, showing how modes of funding have changed in the 21st century, with both pitfalls and promising avenues. A must-read for academics and policymakers engaged in transformative knowledge politics.’ -- Stefan Kuhlmann, University of Twente, the Netherlands‘This Handbook is timely as our science systems are under increasing pressure to deliver impact with tighter resources and increased performance pressure for individuals and organisations. It provides creative perspectives and concepts to better understand how different funding systems and policies and their changes interact with research organisations, research practices and researcher careers. In providing thorough reflection on these interactions it presents a step-change in science policy research and is highly meaningful for scholars, funders, policy makers and politicians.’ -- Jakob Edler, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research, Germany and University of Manchester, UK‘A unique Handbook addressing the radical changes public research and universities have witnessed during the last 20 years. It is unique by its national, organizational and individual analyses of transformations, and by its ability to question established categories (e.g. top down vs bottom-up, or basic vs applied). -- Philippe Larédo, University of Manchester, UK'Many should be grateful for the publication of this important Handbook. Scholars from different disciplines provide significant insights into a system that has both expanded considerably as well as changed towards project financing. It offers highly recommended reading for politicians at the top of the system down to individual researchers.' -- Lars Engwall, Uppsala University, SwedenTable of ContentsContents: 1 Introduction to the Handbook of Public Funding of Research: understanding vertical and horizontal complexities 1 Benedetto Lepori, Ben Jongbloed and Diana Hicks PART I PUBLIC POLICIES AND RESEARCH FUNDING 2 What is public about public research? The case of COVID-19 R&D 21 Barry Bozeman 3 Motivations guiding public research funding in science, technology and innovation (STI) policy: a synthesis 38 Aixa Y. Alemán-Díaz 4 Politics of public research funding: the case of the European Union 55 Inga Ulnicane PART II POLICY MIXES IN PUBLIC RESEARCH FUNDING: LAYERING AND COMPLEXITY 5 Ideas and instruments in public research funding 73 Giliberto Capano 6 Performance-based research funding and its impacts on research organizations 90 Gunnar Sivertsen 7 R&D programs as instruments for governmental R&D funding policy 107 Emanuela Reale, Magnus Gulbrandsen and Thomas Scherngell 8 Size matters! On the implications of increasing the size of research grants 123 Carter Bloch, Alexander Kladakis and Mads P. Sørensen 9 Potentials and limitations of program-based research funding for the transformation of research systems 139 Susanne Bührer, Sarah Seus and Rainer Walz 10 Targeting research to address societal needs: what can we learn from 30 years of targeting neglected diseases? 156 Josie Coburn, Ohid Yaqub and Joanna Chataway 11 The construction of competition in public research funding systems 172 Stefan Arora-Jonsson, Nils Brunsson and Peter Edlund PART III INTERACTION OF FUNDING SYSTEMS WITH ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES AND HIERARCHIES 12 Incentives, rationales, and expected impact: linking performance-based research funding to internal funding distributions of universities 186 Jussi Kivistö and Charles Mathies 13 Research funding in the context of high institutional stratification: policy scenarios for Europe based on insights from the United States 203 Arlette Jappe and Thomas Heinze 14 Public research organisations and public research funding 221 Laura Cruz-Castro and Luis Sanz-Menéndez PART IV RESEARCHERS’ INTERACTION WITH THE FUNDING ENVIRONMENT 15 Reframing study of research(er) funding towards configurations and trails 242 Duncan A. Thomas and Irene Ramos-Vielba 16 Researchers’ responses to their funding situation 261 Grit Laudel 17 Gender and underrepresented minorities differences in research funding 279 Laura Cruz-Castro, Donna K. Ginther and Luis Sanz-Menéndez 18 Research funding and scientific careers 301 Julia Melkers, Richard Woolley and Quintin Kreth 19 Research funding and academics’ scholarly performance 322 Hugo Horta and Huan Li PART V SYSTEM PERSPECTIVES AND COUNTRY VARIATIONS 20 Context matters: conceptualizing research funding policies through the lens of the varieties of academic capitalism approach 340 Olivier Bégin-Caouette, Silvia Mirlene Nakano Koga and Émanuelle Maltais 21 System-level insights into public funding of research from emerging economies 361 Juan D. Rogers 22 Public research funding in Asian latecomer countries: developmental legacy and dilemmas 378 So Young Kim Index 395

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Book SynopsisFinancial incentives play an important role in the behaviour of public institutions of higher education. Incentive-Based Budgeting Systems in Public Universities examines alternative uses of these financial incentives, and reviews the consequences of their implementation.The contributors to the book explore diverse areas including: faculty behaviour in an incentive-based environment effects on teaching, evaluation of decentralized approaches to budgeting efficiency implications at the state level the ramifications of revenue flux on institutional behaviour. Case studies from the University of Toronto, the University of Michigan and Indiana University are also presented, and the volume concludes with recommendations regarding possible implementation strategies. The first to analyse the implementation of various permutations of incentive based budgeting in public institutions of higher education, this book will be of enormous interest to policy makers, trustees, administrators and faculty members of these institutions. It will also appeal to those involved in higher education programmes offering courses in the economics and finance of colleges and universities.Trade Review'The collection of papers in Incentive-Based Budgeting Systems in Public Universities is sure to warm the hearts of university presidents, budget directors, department chairs, faculty, and others who have long suspected that budgeting and education, research and service must somehow be related. It will also serve as a reference for those who have their doubts. . . The benefit of a volume such as Incentive-Based Budgeting Systems in Public Universities is that it provides the reader with the background and basis for thinking about alternatives to the status quo as applied to higher education finance. When the issues are as complex as budgeting in higher education, and when much of the potential audience is likely to be dubious that change might be effective, the discussion must be comprehensive enough to encourage further investigation while keeping an open mind. Incentive-Based Budgeting Systems in Public Universities meets these criteria.' -- Stephen Chaikind, Journal of Education Finance'This book provides an excellent set of stories on the trials, tribulations and successes of this inevitable university adjustment.' -- Stephen P. Heyneman, International Journal of Educational Development'Incentive-based budgeting in higher education comes in many guises: and this edited collection, Incentive-Based Budgeting Systems in Public Universities, does a good job in reviewing the theory, describing case studies, and offering analysis of this multifaceted practice. The book is well written, sufficiently rigorous, and insightful of how such budgeting systems work in higher education; it describes a sensible alternative to the more common practices of formula funding, activity-based costing, and incremental budgeting. . . Incentive-Based Budgeting Systems in Public Universities serves as an up-to-date, interesting, and useful treatment of funding systems within US universities. The case studies in particular are useful evidence that, even for complex enterprises such as colleges, incentives can be made to count.' -- Clive R. Belfield, The Economic Journal'As public universities are facing severe financial pressures due to rising costs and declining revenues, innovations in budgeting formats provide the best hope of coping with the problem. The advantages and limitations of public universities adopting the incentive-based budgeting approach that has been used in private universities are expertly and articulately examined in this book. It is a 'must read' for all university administrators, members of governing boards, legislators, and policy analysts who are seriously searching for innovative ways to increase universities' efficiency in their use of increasingly scarce resources.' -- Charles G. Leathers, University of Alabama, USTable of ContentsContents: 1. Why Incentive-Based Budgeting Systems in the Public Sector and Why Now? Part I: Overview 2. The Case, if Any, for Responsibility Center Budgeting 3. The Efficiency of Responsibility Center Management within State Universities 4. Revenue Flux and University Behavior Part II: Case Studies 5. Responsibility Center Budgeting and Management at Indiana University 6. Responsibility Center Budgeting at the University of Toronto 7. Activity-Based Budgeting at the University of Michigan Part III: Effects and Lessons 8. Budget Incentive Structures and the Improvement of College Teaching 9. Reward Structures and Faculty Behavior Under Responsibility Center Management 10. Using Performance Indicators to Evaluate Decentralized Budgeting Systems and Institutional Performance 11. Incentive-Based Budgeting: An Evolving Approach Index

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Book SynopsisCollege cost per student has been on the rise at a pace that matches ? or exceeds ? healthcare costs. Unlike healthcare, though, teaching quality has declined, and rapidly rising costs and declining quality are not trends easily forgiven by society. The College Cost Disease addresses these problems, providing a behavioral framework for the chronic cost/quality consequences with which higher education is fraught. Providing many compelling insights into the issues plaguing higher education, Robert Martin expounds upon H.R. Bowen?s revenue theory of cost by detailing experience good theory, the principal/agent problem, and non-profit status. Reputation competition dominates higher education. Students and their parents, and public opinion in general, associate higher tuition with higher quality and greater accolades; price is used as a proxy for quality only when consumers are uncertain about quality prior to purchase. Higher education services are the most complex types of ?experience goods?; a service whose quality can only be determined after a purchase has been made. Applying formal economic theory to higher education, Robert Martin examines how and why attempts to control costs are controversial and the damaging effects these controversies have on institutions? reputations. Arguing that the college access problem cannot be solved until colleges and universities find a way to control their costs, this book brings to the fore the leading ideas that will bring about much-needed budgetary reform in higher education.Governing boards, administrators and faculty members should find much to think on and learn from here; parents, students, alumni and taxpayers will find the research and conclusions alarming, though eye-opening.Trade Review‘The College Cost Disease is indeed a useful reading, not only for the students of economics of education, but also for others interested in quality and also that the costs of higher education would immensely benefit from.’ -- Jandhyala B.G. Tilak, Journal of Educational Planning and AdministrationTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Cost, Quality, and Anomalies in Higher Education 2. Statistical Measures: Teaching Productivity, Cost, Financial Burden, and Quality 3. Reputations and the Chivas Regal Effect 4. The Principal/Agent Problem in Higher Education 5. Commercialization: The Devil Made Me Do It! 6. The Gresham Effect, Lemons, and Teaching 7. Inside the Black Box Glossary Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe debate regarding the increased funding of higher education has focused on specific issues - such as whether higher education should be financed through general taxation and the implications of collecting fees later in life through the use of a tax surcharge - while largely ignoring the important economic interdependencies which affect them.In The Economics of Higher Education, John Creedy explores the economic foundations of the debate and focuses attention on the process of government decision-making including the precise way that these decisions are affected by the possible external effects of higher education. This book addresses the key issues in the debate using a fully specified model which allows for dispersion of abilities, the individual’s decision to invest in higher education and the government’s choice of higher education grant, along with the government’s budget constraint. This model is also used to consider the effects of alternative tax and grant systems on the distribution of lifetime income within a cohort of individuals, and is extended to allow for the general equilibrium effects of other social transfers to the low paid, along with means testing of grants.The non-technical introduction discusses the author’s approach, the framework of analysis and the conclusions which he has reached. As a rigorous analytical contribution to a major public policy debate, this book will be welcomed by policymakers and educationalists, as well as by teachers and researchers in the field of public economics.Trade Review’John Creedy provides a highly rigorous technical analysis. . .’Table of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. A General Framework of Analysis 3. Extensions to the Model 4. Majority Voting Over Progressive Taxation 5. Higher Education and Progressive Taxation 6. Further Extensions of the Model 7. Higher Education and Inequality 8. The Use of a Tax Surcharge 9. Conclusion References Index

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Book Synopsis#FeesMustFall, the student revolt that began in October 2015, was an uprising against lack of access to, and financial exclusion from, higher education in South Africa. More broadly, it radically questioned the socio-political dispensation resulting from the 1994 social pact between big business, the ruling elite and the liberation movement.The 2015 revolt links to national and international youth struggles of the recent past and is informed by Black Consciousness politics and social movements of the international Left. Yet, its objectives are more complex than those of earlier struggles. The student movement has challenged the hierarchical, top-down leadership system of university management and it’s ‘double speak’ of professing to act in workers’ and students’ interests yet enforce a regressive system for control and governance. University managements, while one one level amenable to change, have also co-opted students into their ranks to create co-responsibility for the highly bureaucratised university fi nancial aid that stand in the way of their social revolution.This book maps the contours of student discontent a year after the start of the #FeesMustFall revolt. Student voices dissect coloniality, improper compromises by the founders of democratic South Africa, feminism, worker rights and meaningful education. In-depth assessments by prominent scholars refl ect on the complexities of student activism, its impact on national and university governance, and offer provocative analyses of the power of the revolt.Trade Review"This book, one of the first on the topic, gives a good sense of the excitement of the 2015 movements, their portentous language and heady ideas, and will be welcomed by those sympathetic to the students. More sober academic or technical discussions provide background to the history of student protest in Africa and the dilemmas of university funding." -William Beinart, professor of Race Relations, African Studies Centre, St Antony's College, University of OxfordTable of ContentsAcknowledgements; Introduction; Power redefined - 'what happened to governance?'; Two weeks in October - changing governance in South Africa Susan Booysen; Primary voices - 'the roots of the revolution'; The roots of the revolution Gillian Godsell, Rekgotsofetse Chikane; The game's the same: #MustFall; moves to Euro-America Sizwe Mpofu-Walsh; #OutsourcingMustFall through the eyes of workers Omhle Ntshingila, with workers; Documenting the revolution Gillian Godsell, Refiloe Lepere, Swankie Mofoko, Ayabonga Nase; The revolt - 'rising against the liberators', South Africa in Africa; Standing on the shoulders of giants? Successive generations of youth sacrifice in South Africa David Everatt; Learning from student protest in Sub-Saharan Africa Lynn Hewlett, Gugu Mukadah, Horacio Zandamela, Koffi Kouakou; Unfinished revolutions: The North African uprisings and notes on South Africa William Gumede; Power and class redefined - 'sit down and listen to us'; To win free education, fossilised neoliberalism must fall Patrick Bond; Bringing class back in: Against outsourcing during #FeesMustFall at Wits Vishwas Satgar; Between a rock and a hard place: University management and the #FeesMustFall campaign Patrick Fitzgerald, Oliver Seale Financing universities: Promoting equity or reinforcing inequality Pundy Pillay; Justice, identity, force and rights - 'we came for the refund'; Excavating the vernacular - 'ugly feminists', generational blues and matriarchal leadership Darlene Miller; The South African student/worker protests in light of just war theory Thad Metz; Conclusion; Conclusion: Aluta continua! Editorial collective / Susan Booysen.

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Book SynopsisThe past decade has seen a steady flow of important and innovative papers documenting the short- and long-term effects of finance reforms and the heterogeneity of the effects of reforms, exemplified by papers like Jackson, Johnson, & Persico (2016), Lafortune, Rothstein, & Schanzenbach (2018), Hyman (2017), and Candelaria and Shores (2019). Those papers have reinvigorated research on the effects of finance reforms, while raising important questions about how to best design a finance system and generate necessary revenues.The papers mentioned above, along with other papers too numerous to mention, have taken advantage of better data and better methods to address long-standing questions and generate provocative new answers. Since the landscape has changed quickly, policy makers and prospective researchers require a summary of the current state of the research on the effects of school finance reforms. Answers are also needed to such questions as: How do financing systems need to be modified to accommodate greater use of online education? How should school finance systems be designed to provide equal access (or, at a minimum, adequate access) to students with special needs? Why is there significant heterogeneity in the results of different finance reforms? What have been the effects of recent state efforts to reduce the role of the property tax in financing K-12 education? How should finance systems be designed to more effectively close persistent achievement gaps? How, if at all, should states integrate the financing of preschool education with the financing of elementary and secondary education? To help prepare the next generation of researchers and policy makers in the realm of school finance, this volume includes papers that summarize the current state of research on the questions above, as well as other pressing questions in education finance and policy.The book aims to bridge a space between comprehensive textbooks and journal articles in the field of education finance and policy. There are two main target audiences. The book is meant to serve professionals like school district administrators and education policy practitioners that desire a contemporary update to their previous study of education finance and policy issues. These audiences often have limited access to peer reviewed journals and knowledge of pertinent government and related policy reports in the field. The book is also meant to serve students and faculty from programs in public administration, public policy, community development and applied economics, education administration, educational leadership and policy studies that are studying content related to education policy, the economics of education, state and local public finance, and taxation. Some upper-level undergraduate students may also benefit from this resource.

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Book SynopsisThe past decade has seen a steady flow of important and innovative papers documenting the short- and long-term effects of finance reforms and the heterogeneity of the effects of reforms, exemplified by papers like Jackson, Johnson, & Persico (2016), Lafortune, Rothstein, & Schanzenbach (2018), Hyman (2017), and Candelaria and Shores (2019). Those papers have reinvigorated research on the effects of finance reforms, while raising important questions about how to best design a finance system and generate necessary revenues.The papers mentioned above, along with other papers too numerous to mention, have taken advantage of better data and better methods to address long-standing questions and generate provocative new answers. Since the landscape has changed quickly, policy makers and prospective researchers require a summary of the current state of the research on the effects of school finance reforms. Answers are also needed to such questions as: How do financing systems need to be modified to accommodate greater use of online education? How should school finance systems be designed to provide equal access (or, at a minimum, adequate access) to students with special needs? Why is there significant heterogeneity in the results of different finance reforms? What have been the effects of recent state efforts to reduce the role of the property tax in financing K-12 education? How should finance systems be designed to more effectively close persistent achievement gaps? How, if at all, should states integrate the financing of preschool education with the financing of elementary and secondary education? To help prepare the next generation of researchers and policy makers in the realm of school finance, this volume includes papers that summarize the current state of research on the questions above, as well as other pressing questions in education finance and policy.The book aims to bridge a space between comprehensive textbooks and journal articles in the field of education finance and policy. There are two main target audiences. The book is meant to serve professionals like school district administrators and education policy practitioners that desire a contemporary update to their previous study of education finance and policy issues. These audiences often have limited access to peer reviewed journals and knowledge of pertinent government and related policy reports in the field. The book is also meant to serve students and faculty from programs in public administration, public policy, community development and applied economics, education administration, educational leadership and policy studies that are studying content related to education policy, the economics of education, state and local public finance, and taxation. Some upper-level undergraduate students may also benefit from this resource.

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Book SynopsisThe National Education Finance Academy has once again convened university faculty members, state-level administrators, officials from state level chapters of the Association of School Business Officials, and others to provide a single-volume reference of school funding mechanisms for each of the states, the District of Columbia, Indian Country, and the US territories.This volume supplements the annual "state-of-the-state" profiles produced by the National Education Finance Academy so that educators, policymakers, and researchers can have access to accurate and concise information on how K12 education functions are supported across multiple jurisdictions. In addition, each profile addresses state level efforts to provide education funding to support schools during the COVID- 19 pandemic.The second edition expands upon groundbreaking work in the first edition, which for the first time reported comprehensively on the multiple jurisdictions and mechanisms impacting funding for Native American students, by also reporting on policies and funding mechanisms for public schools in US Territories.

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Book SynopsisThe National Education Finance Academy has once again convened university faculty members, state-level administrators, officials from state level chapters of the Association of School Business Officials, and others to provide a single-volume reference of school funding mechanisms for each of the states, the District of Columbia, Indian Country, and the US territories.This volume supplements the annual "state-of-the-state" profiles produced by the National Education Finance Academy so that educators, policymakers, and researchers can have access to accurate and concise information on how K12 education functions are supported across multiple jurisdictions. In addition, each profile addresses state level efforts to provide education funding to support schools during the COVID- 19 pandemic.The second edition expands upon groundbreaking work in the first edition, which for the first time reported comprehensively on the multiple jurisdictions and mechanisms impacting funding for Native American students, by also reporting on policies and funding mechanisms for public schools in US Territories.

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Book SynopsisVouch for This! Defunding Private Interests, Defending Public Schools (A Call to Action) is an effort by doctoral students in Educational Leadership and their professor to understand and challenge the voucher and charter school movements in Ohio and beyond. Using a curriculum studies approach focusing on autobiographical analysis and a policy advocacy framework, students in a course on the topic shared a common reading list, storied their connections to the current movements in the field, and developed treatments of key aspects of current policy and practice in the areas of voucher and other privatizing efforts in education today as they are embodied in charter schools, homeschooling, and private school settings.Using the tools of currere and policy advocacy as a scholarly community, the authors tackle the multi-faceted challenges and dangers posed by the neoliberal, privatizing movements taking rapid shape across our public school system, as private schools, charters, and homeschooling continue to receive significantly more and more public taxpayer funds to operate and build. The authors share what they learned about the continued demise of public education at the hands of politicians and privateers in Ohio and beyond, and what they think citizens can do to resist. Together in teams, the authors engage topics related to education and public schooling as key aspects of democratic life; the actions taken by capital interests that seize on tragedy and perceived community weakness to privatize education and villainize public schools; the greed that creates fervor and interest in "choice"; and suggest ways to take action to stem the tide.The book's foreword is written by well-known education activist William L. Phillis, Executive Director of The Coalition for Equity and Adequacy of School Funding (Ohio E&A), whose coalition of public school districts in Ohio is challenging the constitutionality of the voucher movements with their public case, "Vouchers Hurt Ohio.

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Book SynopsisVouch for This! Defunding Private Interests, Defending Public Schools (A Call to Action) is an effort by doctoral students in Educational Leadership and their professor to understand and challenge the voucher and charter school movements in Ohio and beyond. Using a curriculum studies approach focusing on autobiographical analysis and a policy advocacy framework, students in a course on the topic shared a common reading list, storied their connections to the current movements in the field, and developed treatments of key aspects of current policy and practice in the areas of voucher and other privatizing efforts in education today as they are embodied in charter schools, homeschooling, and private school settings.Using the tools of currere and policy advocacy as a scholarly community, the authors tackle the multi-faceted challenges and dangers posed by the neoliberal, privatizing movements taking rapid shape across our public school system, as private schools, charters, and homeschooling continue to receive significantly more and more public taxpayer funds to operate and build. The authors share what they learned about the continued demise of public education at the hands of politicians and privateers in Ohio and beyond, and what they think citizens can do to resist. Together in teams, the authors engage topics related to education and public schooling as key aspects of democratic life; the actions taken by capital interests that seize on tragedy and perceived community weakness to privatize education and villainize public schools; the greed that creates fervor and interest in "choice"; and suggest ways to take action to stem the tide.The book's foreword is written by well-known education activist William L. Phillis, Executive Director of The Coalition for Equity and Adequacy of School Funding (Ohio E&A), whose coalition of public school districts in Ohio is challenging the constitutionality of the voucher movements with their public case, "Vouchers Hurt Ohio.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisIt will be of interest to anyone concerned about the future of American higher education.Trade ReviewBelongs on any academic bookshelf that seeks to balance the wave of criticism now so prevalent in the field. University Business A confident overview of the current condition of today's universities. Researchers, policymakers, and graduate students will appreciate the opportunity to react to some of the best minds in the field of higher education as they examine the state of the American university and predict its future direction. -- Brandyn Payne Peabody Journal of Education The value of this thoughtful collection of essays is more in its enduring than its timely concerns. The legacy of American higher education, we are reminded, is one of resilience, promise, and, to be sure, excellence despite the many challenges it faces in the near and longer terms. -- Matthew Miller Planning for Higher Education 2003 The contributions are informative and gather together scholars and evidence from many areas. -- Leonard L. Baird Teachers College Record 2003 Comprehensive and informative to both academic and non-academic readers. -- Elise Langan Higher Education Policy 2006Table of ContentsContents: Introduction Part One - The University in SocietyChapter 1: The American Academic Model in Comparative Perspective - Philip G. Altbach Chapter Two: Higher Education as a Mature Industry - Arthur Levine Chapter Three: The "Crisis" Crisis in Higher Education: Is that a Wolf or a Pussycat at the Academy's Door? - Robert Birnbaum and Frank Shushok Jr. Chapter Four: Built to Serve: The Enduring Legacy of Public Higher Education - Patricia J. Gumport Chapter 5: The Mass Higher Education to Universal Access: The American Advantage - Martin Trow Chapter 6: Higher Education and Those "Out of Control Costs" - D. Bruce Johnstone Part Two - Within the Academy Chapter 7: The Liberal Arts and the Role of Elite Higher Education - Nannerl O. Keohane Chapter 8: The Technological Revolution: Reflections on the Proper Role of Technology in Higher Education - Jack M. Wilson Chapter 9: Academic Change and Presidential Leadership - Richard M. Freeland Chapter 10: Graduate Education and Research - Jules B. Lapidus Chapter 11: College Students Today: Why We Can't Leave Serendipity To Chance - George D. Kuh Chapter 12: Governance: The Remarkable Ambiguity - George Keller Chapter 13: Understanding the American Academic Profession - Martin J. Finkelstein List of Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisThe book includes detailed information on developing budgets, before and after versions of proposals, and descriptions of common pitfalls that everyone can avoid.Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. Prepare the Ground2. Plan Ahead3. Zoom In, Zoom Out: Putting Your Work in Context4. Notes toward the Text5. Un-Curb Your Enthusiasm6. The Budget: Core Strength7. Get It Down: The First Draft8. Get It Right: The Second Draft9. Get It Smooth: The Final Draft10. Get It Done: Review, Refresh, Release11. Close the Circle12. Build Your CredentialsAppendix A: Sample Research ProposalAppendix B: Sample Project SummaryAppendix C: Effective Letters of SupportAnnotated BibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisFinancing Higher Education Worldwide combines sophisticated economic explanations with sensitive political and cultural analyses of the financial pressures facing higher education throughout the world.Trade ReviewThis book is a must read for policy-makers, researchers, educationalists, journalists and students of financing higher education worldwide for the theoretical insight and empirical data. -- Asha Gupta Journal of Educational Planning and Administration 2010 This is a book full of detail and informed comment that should be read by all who want to understand and be informed about many of the major issues surrounding the financing of higher education in the 21st century. -- Johns Mace HIGHER EDUCATION REVIEW 2011 This book is a must read for the policy-makers, researchers, educationists, journalists and students of financing higher education worldwide for the theoretical insight and empirical data. Journal of Educational Planning and Administration 2010 A great overview of the financing challenges facing each country's higher education system. -- John J. Cheslock Journal of Higher Education 2011 Usefully describes various policies and different countries' approaches to dees, loans, and other financial aid. -- Claire Callender Comparative Education Review 2011Table of ContentsPrefaceIntroduction1. Diverging Trajectories of Higher Education's Costs and Public Revenues Worldwide2. Financial Austerity and Solutions on the Cost Side3. The Perspective and Policy of Cost-Sharing4. Parental Contributions, Means-Testing, andFinancial Assistance5. The Spread of Tuition Fees6. Student Loan Schemes in Purpose, Form, and Consequence7. Student Loan Schemes in Practice8. Cost-Sharing, Financial Assistance, and Student Behavior9. Cost-Sharing in Practice Worldwide10. Cost-Sharing and the Future of International Higher Educational FinanceAppendix: Selected Country Examples of Cost-SharingSelected BibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisUltimately, the authors recommend that states create new ways of helping colleges with many at-risk students, define performance indicators and measures better tailored to institutional missions, and improve the capacity of colleges to engage in organizational learning.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements 1. Introduction Widespread Adoption of Performance Funding The Different Forms of Performance Funding Conceptualizing How Performance Funding Works Chapter Contents and Preview of Findings 2. Research Perspectives, Questions, and Methods Existing Scholarship on the Impacts of Performance Funding and Its Limitations Policy Instruments Organizational Changes Student Outcomes Obstacles to Effective Functioning Unintended Impacts Overall Limitations Enlisting Insights from Other Bodies of Literature Performance Management in Public Agencies Policy Design: Policy Instruments and their Strengths and Weaknesses Data-Driven Decision Making and Organizational Learning in Higher Education Policy Implementation Principal-Agent Theory Conceptual Framework Research Questions Research Methods 3. Policy Instruments and their Immediate Impacts Financial Incentives Little Initial Impact on Institutional Finances Explaining the Low Initial Impact on Institutional Finances Perceived Impact of Financial Incentives on Institutional Behavior Communication of State Program Goals and Methods State Communication College Communication Variations in Awareness of State Goals and Methods Perceived Impact of Awareness of State Goals and Methods on College Efforts Communication of Institutional Performance on the State Metrics State Communication of Institutional Performance College Communication of Institutional Performance Variations in Awareness of Institutional Performance Perceived Impact of Awareness of Institutional Performance Building Up Institutional Capacity to Respond to Performance Funding What State Officials Were Doing Institutional Officials' Assessment of the State Effort to Build Capacity Disaggregating Our Main Patterns Differences by State Differences by Type of Institution: Community Colleges and Universities Differences by Estimated Organizational Capacity of Institutions Summary and Conclusions 4. Organizational Learning in Response to Performance Funding Deliberative Processes Used to Respond to Performance Funding General Administrative Deliberative Processes Special Purpose Deliberative Structures Informal Deliberative Structures Variations in Deliberative Processes Variations by State Variation by Type of Institution Variations by Expected Institutional Capacity Aids and Hindrances to Deliberation Organizational Commitment and Leadership Communication and Collaboration Time and the Opportunity to Deliberate on New Policies and Practices Timely and Relevant Data Variations in Aids and Hindrances Differences by State Differences by Type of Institution Differences by Institutional Capacity Summary and Conclusions 5. Changes to Institutional Policies, Programs, and Practices Perceptions about the Impact of Performance Funding Ratings of the Impact of Performance Funding on Institutional Changes Reasons Given for Not Rating the Impact of Performance Funding "High" The Joint Influence of Several Different Factors Changes in Academic Policies, Practices, and Programs Developmental Education Changes STEM-Field Academic Changes General Curricular Changes Changes to Instructional Techniques: Technology/Online Education Student Services Changes Advising and Counseling Tutoring and Supplemental Instruction Orientation and First-Year Programs Tuition and Financial Aid Policies Registration and Graduation Procedures Restructuring Student Services Departments and Staffing Other Student Services Changes Isomorphism and the Institutionalization of Campus Changes Disaggregating Our Main Patterns Differences by State Differences by Institutional Type Differences by Institutional Capacity Summary and Conclusions Chapter 6: Student Outcomes Descriptive Data Indiana Ohio Tennessee Multivariate Study Findings Studies Specific to Our Three States Studies of Performance Funding outside Our Three States U. S. Performance Funding Outcomes Outside of Higher Education Summary and Conclusions Chapter 7: Obstacles to Effective Response Student-Body Composition Inadequate Preparation for College Non-Degree Seekers Lower Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Its Financial Burdens Inappropriate Performance Funding Measures Insufficient Institutional Capacity Insufficient State Funding of Higher Education Institutional Resistance to Performance Funding Insufficient Knowledge of Performance Funding Variations Within Our Main Findings Differences by State Differences by Institutional Type Differences by Institutional Capacity Summary and Conclusions Chapter 8: Unintended Impacts of Performance Funding Restrictions of Student Admission General Restrictions Raising Admission Requirements Selective Student Recruitment Directing Institutional Aid to Better Prepared Students Weakening of Academic Standards Lowering Academic Demands in Class (Grade Inflation) Reducing Degree Requirements Compliance Costs Cost of Improving Institutional Research Capacity Increased Workload Reduced Institutional Cooperation Lower Faculty and Staff Morale Less Faculty Voice in Academic Governance Narrowing of Institutional Mission Variations Within Our Main Findings Differences by State Differences by Institutional Type Differences by Institutional Capacity Summary and Conclusions Chapter 9: Summary and Conclusions Key Findings Policy Instruments Organizational Learning Institutional Changes Student Outcomes Obstacles to Responding to Performance Funding Unintended Impacts Differences within These Main Patterns Implications for Policy Reducing Unintended Negative Impacts Reducing Obstacles to Effectively Responding to Performance Funding The Importance of Extensive Institutional Consultation and Periodic Review Implications for Research Concluding Thoughts Appendixes Appendix A: The Nature and History of Performance Funding in Indiana, Ohio, and Tennessee Appendix B: Interview Protocol for State Officials Appendix C: Interview Protocol for Community College Administrators and Faculty Appendix D: Interview Protocol for University Administrators and Faculty Notes References Index

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Book SynopsisCrushed is a timely and insightful work that sheds light on the state of American universities and their graduates. It takes readers on a fascinating and reflective journey into the current student debt crisis and how it has become a major burden to American society. Beyond just describing how we got into this huge mess, Crushed also offers actionable public-policy steps to help fix this ever-growing problem.This reader-friendly guide explores the U.S. university system in depth, the incentive structures driving university decisions, and what has led to both rapid tuition inflation and skyrocketing student debt. It also explores why the U.S. university system is no longer reducing the racial wealth gap and how it is now contributing to intergenerational poverty. Crushed explains what every parent or prospective student should know before, during, or after enrolling in college, including what choices they should make to graduate on time, with a valuable degree, and with little (or no) debt. Additionally, it concludes with a detailed policy discussion and provides simple, yet powerful, ways to mitigate and eventually eliminate runaway tuition inflation and the overwhelming stock of student debt. Key Features: --Reviews the growth and development of the American university system, including its objectives, successes, and failures--Explains university endowments, why these pools of capital are so large, and how they can be used more efficiently to ensure students graduate on time with valuable degrees--Details the growth of college tuition, explains how tuition and other sources of income are used, and describes the perverse incentives that have led to unchecked tuition inflation--Provides an in-depth analysis on the value of a college degree and describes how that value has changed over time--Explains how the student loan industry grew to its current size and provides an explanation for how and why consumer protections were reduced--Describes how the current tertiary educational system harms minority students and contributes to the interracial wealth gap--Details legislative solutions to reducing debt, aligning incentives, restoring bankruptcy protections, and reducing the cost of a college education without reducing its valueTrade Review“This exceptional title will likely appeal to readers interested in education, social science, and the elimination of student-loan debt.”—Library JournalTable of Contents Chapter 1: A Brief History of the Growth of the American University System Chapter 2: Why Is College so Damn Expensive? Chapter 3: The Value of a Degree: Why Go to College? Chapter 4: The University Endowment: What Is It and Why Should We Care? Chapter 5: The Student Loan Industry: How Debt Grew and Consumer Protections Shrank Chapter 6: How Student Loans Have Impaired a Generation Chapter 7: Disparate Outcomes: How Postsecondary Institutions Harm Minority Communities Chapter 8: Policy Solutions: How We Fix This Mess Chapter 9: What Every Parent, Student, and Prospective Student Should Know CITATIONS INDEX

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