Forensic medicine Books

Book SynopsisDesigned to serve as a complete reference guide for psychiatrists, social workers, those working in law enforcement, and students of forensic medicine and psychology Understanding Necrophilia: A Global Multidisciplinary Approach features the writing of experts from around the world who share professional, cultural, social, and legal insights on the subject.This interdisciplinary text provides a balanced and applied approach to studying necrophilia, and examines the phenomenon from the perspectives of abnormal and social psychology, cultural sociology, criminology, criminal justice, forensic anthropology, medical pathology, and legal systems. Specific topics include historical, legal, definitional, and ethical issues surrounding necrophilia, its etiology, paraphilic co-morbidities, and various typologies and links to homicide.Comprehensive and ground-breaking, Understanding Necrophilia is a well-researched, fearless academic examination of a topic that is both challenging and disturbing, and the author contributions are informative yet sensitive. Understanding Necrophilia can serve as a stand-alone text and is also an excellent supplement to standard textbooks on forensic psychology, criminology, and sexual deviance.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comparative account of the legal and scientific issues relating to proof of causation in alleged cases of drug-induced injury, principally in Europe and North America. It seeks to assess whether, by using probabilistic approaches, the courts may more accurately determine the cause of adverse reactions contentiously associated with drugs. In four case studies (DES, Bondoctin, vaccine damage and "Gulf War Syndrome"), the deficiencies of orthodox approaches to causation are revealed. A sustained argument is presented in favour of according greater weight to epidemological statistics, as refined by the application of the Bayes' Theorem. A valuable feature is the discussion of the role of expert witnesses, including an examination of how the author's proposals could be accommodated within the reformed civil process envisaged by the Woolf Report. The book also examines the economic implications of these proposals. It is a timely contribution to the resolution of the legal problems in this complex area of tort law.Trade ReviewThis book should be essential reading for all people interested in causation: for academics and students because of the questions it sees as important (and which one might like to argue with), and for practitioners because of its detailed practical and comparative coverage of the cases and legislation in the area. Prue Vines Adelaide Law Review September 2002 Richard Goldberg's book provides an excellent exposition of this fascinating and important subject... wonderfully researched and superbly referenced... a must for anyone with any interest in pharmaceutical litigation. The Review Editor Medical Litigation September 2002Table of ContentsCausation and medicinal products - a legal and probability analysis; diethylstilbestrol and causation; scientific evidence, causation and the law, lessons of Bendectin (debendox) litigation; vaccine damage and causation - a comparative perspective; causation, medicinal products and the "Gulf War Syndrome"; causation and medicinal products - an economic analysis; the development risk defence and medicinal products; possible economic consequences of probabilistic approaches to causation; conclusion.

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Book SynopsisDer psychische Befund ist Bestandteil jeder psychiatrischen Krankengeschichte und jedes Gutachtens. Während für Ärzte/Gutachter die Frage, wie ein solcher Befund zu erstellen bzw. darzustellen ist, von vorrangigem Interesse sein dürfte, geht es für Patienten wie für jeden, der beruflich oder privat etwas damit zu tun hat, um das Verständnis und um eine angemessene Einschätzung desselben. In diesem Buch werden zunächst die Grundlagen diskutiert, dann die 4 Dimensionen des psychischen Befundes systematisch erörtert: a) Wahn und Halluzination (Verrücktheit); b) Gedächtnisstörung, Ratlosigkeit, Demenz (Verworrenheit); c) Schwachsinn und Psychopathie; d) Normalität. Es liegt damit eine in sich abgeschlossene Darstellung der Psychopathologie vor.Table of Contents1. Von der einfach deskriptiven zur phänomenologisch-deskriptiven — analytischen — Psychopathologie.- Erste Fragebogenerfahrungen, allgemeine Definition, Problemgeschichte: Psychophysische Reihen bei Griesinger, Kraeplin und Freud.- Phänomenologische Versuche zur Überbrückung eines „Abgrunds inmitten der Psychiatrie“: Psychiatrie und Philosophie (Brentano/Husserl), Jaspers und Schneider.- Kritik des „empirischen Dualismus“.- 2. Von der phänomenologisch-deskriptiven zur phänomenologischen — synthetischen — Psychopathologie.- Intentionalität und aktives Subjekt.- Die Rolle des „Antriebs“ in der Psychiatrie (Klages) und seine „konative“ Auslegung: die Möglichkeit der Synthese (McDougall).- Situation als integrative „Ganzheit“ (Janet) und das Subjekt im Konstruktivismus: Entwicklung durch Homöostase (Piaget).- Organisation und Desorganisation von Leib und Seele: Psychiatrie als Pathologie der Freiheit (Ey).- Die Philosophie der symbolischen Formen (Cassirer), Schema und Bild bei Kant.- Objektiver Geist und Sprache.- Die Herstellung von Bedeutungszusammenhängen.- 3. Das System logischer Organisationsformen und seine Deformation.- a) Elementarfunktionen (Denken, Fühlen, Wahrnehmen u. a.) in der Psychiatrie.- Das deskriptive System (Kind, Witter).- Das Sinnkriterium (Schneider).- Das Aphasiemodell, Hirnlegalisation und Gestaltkreis (v. Weizsäcker): die Diskussion von 1948.- Ptolemäisches und kopernikanisches Denken (Conrad), Aphasie, Sprachtheorie und Psychopathologie (Cassirer, Jackson, Head, Goldstein).- b) Die Antinomie des Gestaltkreises: Trennen und Zusammenfügen.- Protopathie, Trema, Apophänie (Formalanalyse).- Die Evolution des „corps psychique“ (Jackson/Ey): Organisationsform und Organ.- Die Form der Entwicklungsstörungen.- Akute und chronische Deformierung der Organiation: Modellpsychose (Burchard), hochgespannter Affekt.- Formaler Vergleich mit Schwachsinn und „mythischer“ Daseinsweise (Cassirer).- c) Die organodynamische Theorie von Ey, positiver und negativer Aspekt des Erscheinungsbildes.- Psychiatrie und Neurologie.- Abbaustufen: Syndromfolgen, Traumnegativität und -positivität.- Der Einwand von de Clérambault.- Der Schichtgedanke und die mehrdimensionale Betrachtung: Punkt, Kreis und Kugel.- Der Gedanke der Organisationsform als Ausweg aus dem Leib-Seele-Dilemma.- Formale Erläuterung der Grundfunktionen: Antrieb, Fühlen und Denken.- 4. Der psychische Befund beim Verrückten: Wahn und Halluzination.- Wahnhafter Prozeß oder Entwicklung.- Qualitäts- und Dinghalluzination.- Paranoider Abbau: Dermatozoenwahn.- Paranoider Zerfall: „folie à deux“.- Psychogenes Stimmenhören: Pseudohalluzinationen.- Alkoholhalluzinose.- 5. Der psychische Befund des Verworrenen: Gedächtnisstörung, Ratlosigkeit, Demenz.- Gedächtnis und Zeitbegriff, Zeitanschauung.- Minutengedächtnis (Conrad).- Korsakow-Syndrom (Burchard).- Konfabulation, Verkennen des Spiegelbildes, Desorientierung.- Schematismus der Erinnerung und Persönlichkeit.- 6. Der psychische Befund bei Schwachsinn und Psychopathie.- Epigenese und Phänokopie (Piaget).- „Instinkt“, Intelligenz und Lernen.- Kindliche Egozentrizität und „moral insanity“, Zusammenhang von Emotion und Kognition.- Die qualitative Einteilung in charakterliche Abartigkeiten und das Erheblichkeitsproblem.- Körperbautypen und Charakter (Kloos).- Autismus und „Asozialität“.- 7. Der psychische Befund beim Normalen.- Alternative: „krank — gesund“ oder Übergang.- Das Problem der statistischen Erfassung ganzheitlicher Gegebenheiten (Schmitt), Kritik der „Symptomkatalogisierung“.- Der Situationsbegriff und die synthetische Erfassung des psychischen Befundes.- Ein Normalbefund.- Der Unterschied zwischen „Fähigkeit“ und ihrem (freien) Gebrauch.- Anmerkungen und Literatur.- Namenverzeichnis.

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsI. Gegenstand und Methoden.- 1. Ausgangspunkt und Anliegen.- 2. Anlage der Untersuchung.- 2.1. Methodische Implikationen einer (retrospektiven) Vergleichsuntersuchung.- 2.1.1. Allgemeine Probleme.- 2.1.2. Zum Problem des Dunkelfeldes.- 2.2. Auswahl der Untersuchungsgruppen.- 2.3. Zur Repräsentativitat.- 3. Vorgehen bei den Erhebungen.- 3.1. Durchführung der Untersuchungen und Erhebungen.- 3.1.1. Kontaktaufnahme mit den Probanden.- 3.1.2. Erhebungen und Untersuchungen am Probanden.- 3.1.3. Erhebungen im sozialen Umfeld.- 3.1.4. Aktenerhebungen und schriftliche Auskünfte.- 3.2. Zum Problem der Vollständigkeit und Richtigkeit der Erhebungen.- 4. Auswertung der Erhebungen.- 4.1. Vorbemerkung.- 4.2. Stufen und Richtungen der Einzelauswertungen.- 4.2.1. Aufbereitung der Erhebungen.- 4.2.2. Statistische Auswertung.- 4.3. Auswertung im Hinblick auf eine komplexe Gesamtschau.- 4.4. Zusammenfassung.- II. Ergebnisse aus den Einzelbereichen.- 1. Vorbemerkung.- 1.1. Zur Aufteilung in Einzelbereiche.- 1.2. Zum Vergleich mit anderen Untersuchungen.- 1.3. Allgemeine Angaben zur Darstellung.- 2. Die verschiedenen Lebensbereiche.- 2.1. Zur Herkunftsfamilie.- 2.1.1. Vorbemerkung.- 2.1.2. Außenverhältnisse der Herkunftsfamilie.- 2.1.2.1. Sozioökonomischer Status.- 2.1.2.2. Sonstige äußere Verhältnisse.- 2.1.2.3. Vertikale Mobilität der Herkunftsfamilie und Intergenerationenmobilität.- 2.1.3. Innenverhältnisse der Herkunftsfamilie.- 2.1.3.1. Strukturelle Aspekte.- 2.1.3.2. Funktionale Aspekte.- 2.1.3.3. Kritische Stellungnahme.- 2.1.3.4. Exkurs: Schicht als Faktor.- 2.1.4. Zusammenfassung.- 2.2. Aufenthaltsbereich.- 2.2.1. Vorbemerkung.- 2.2.2. Aufenthalts- und Unterbringungsorte.- 2.2.2.1. Überblick.- 2.2.2.2. Eltemhaus.- 2.2.2.3. Heimaufenthalt.- 2.2.2.4. Haftaufenthalt.- 2.2.2.5. Wehrdienst.- 2.2.2.6. Alter beim Verlassen des Eltemhauses.- 2.2.2.7. Eigener Wohnbereich.- 2.2.3. Wechsel des Aufenthaltsortes.- 2.2.4. Zusammenfassung.- 2.3. Leistungsbereich.- 2.3.1. Vorbemerkung.- 2.3.2. Schule.- 2.3.2.1. Schulabschluß.- 2.3.2.2. Schulische Auffälligkeiten.- 2.3.2.3. Sozioscolares Syndrom.- 2.3.2.4. Maßnahmen der Schule.- 2.3.2.5. Früh- und Spätdelinquente.- 2.3.3. Berufliche Ausbildung.- 2.3.3.1. Beginn und Abschluß einer Ausbildung.- 2.3.3.2. Probanden ohne jegliche Berufsausbildung.- 2.3.3.3. Äußerer Verlauf der Ausbildung.- 2.3.3.4. Ausbildungsverhalten.- 2.3.4. Berufstätigkeit.- 2.3.4.1. Berufsposition (zum Untersuchungszeitpunkt).- 2.3.4.2. Berufliche Mobilität.- 2.3.4.3. Arbeitsstellenwechsel.- 2.3.4.4. Regelmäßigkeit der Berufstätigkeit.- 2.3.4.5. Arbeitsverhalten.- 2.3.4.6. Syndrom mangelnder beruflicher Angepaßtheit.- 2.3.4.7. Berufstätigkeit und Freiheitsentziehung bzw. besondere Lebenssituationen.- 2.3.4.8. Besondere Auffälligkeiten.- 2.3.4.9. Früh- und Spätdelinquente.- 2.3.5. Zusammenfassung.- 2.4. Freizeitbereich.- 2.4.1. Vorbemerkung.- 2.4.2. Verfügbarkeit der Freizeit.- 2.4.2.1. Einengung und Ausweitung nach Altersstufen.- 2.4.2.2. Richtung der Freizeitausweitung.- 2.4.3. Struktur und Verlauf der Freizeit.- 2.4.3.1. Freizeittätigkeiten mit feststehenden Abläufen.- 2.4.3.2. Freizeittätigkeiten mit begrenzten Abläufen.- 2.4.3.3. Freizeittätigkeiten mit offenen Abläufen.- 2.4.3.4. Struktur und Verlauf in verschiedenen Altersstufen.- 2.4.4. Freizeitaufenthalt.- 2.4.4.1. Freizeitaufenthalt nach Altersstufen.- 2.4.4.2. Freizeitaufenthalt nach Wohngemeinschaft.- 2.4.4.3. Freizeitaufenthalt bei Fehlen eines frei verfügbaren Raumes.- 2.4.5. Freizeitverhalten und Schichtzugehörigkeit.- 2.4.6. Freizeitverhalten der Früh- und Spätdelinquenten.- 2.4.7. Freizeit-Syndrom.- 2.4.8. Zusammenfassung.- 2.5. Kontaktbereich.- 2.5.1. Vorbemerkung.- 2.5.2. Kontakte zur Herkunftsfamilie.- 2.5.3. Kontakte zu Freunden und Bekannten.- 2.5.4. Kontaktformen nach Altersstufen und Wohngemeinschaft.- 2.5.5. Sexuelle Kontakte.- 2.5.6. Eigene (Prokreations-)Familie.- 2.5.6.1. Verhalten vor der Eheschließung.- 2.5.6.2. Verhalten während der Ehe.- 2.5.6.3. Ehe und Straffälligkeit.- 2.5.7. Kontakt-Syndrom.- 2.5.8. Zusammenfassung.- 3. Zur Person des Täters.- 3.1. Vorbemerkung.- 3.1.1. Zum somatischen Bereich.- 3.1.2. Zum psychischen Bereich.- 3.2. Anamnestische Angaben und Feststellungen zu körperlichen Auffälligkeiten.- 3.3. Laboruntersuchungen.- 3.3.1. Zytogenetische Untersuchungen.- 3.3.2. Elektroenzephalographie und Echoenzephalographie.- 3.4. Psychiatrische und psychologische Untersuchungen.- 3.4.1. Eindrücke aus den Untersuchungssituationen.- 3.4.2. Psychiatrische Exploration.- 3.4.2.1. Psychosen.- 3.4.2.2. Endoreaktive Drangzustände.- 3.4.2.3. Sonstige psychische Auffälligkeiten.- 3.4.3. Testpsychologische Befunde.- 3.4.3.1. Vorbemerkung.- 3.4.3.2. Durchführung und Ergebnisse der testpsychologischen Untersuchungen.- 3.4.3.3. Kritische Bewertung der Befunde.- 3.4.4. Mit einer spezifischen Lebensweise verbundene Haltungen.- 3.5. Zusammenfassung.- 4. Delinquenzbereich.- 4.1. Vorbemerkung.- 4.2. Vor- und Umfe1d registrierter Kriminaläit.- 4.2.1. Sozia1e Auffälligkeiten und „de1iktische“ Hand1ungen im Kindesalter.- 4.2.2. Registrierte und nicht registrierte Delinquenz im strafmündigen Alter.- 4.3. Die gesamte registrierte Delinquenz der H-Probanden und ihre Sanktionierung.- 4.3.1. Sanktionen und Haftaufentha1te.- 4.3.2. Häufigkeit und Schwere der Straftaten.- 4.3.3. Typische De1ikte.- 4.3.4. De1inquenz-Spektrum der einzelnen Probanden.- 4.3.5. Entwicklung der Tatendichte und Tatschwere.- 4.3.6. Entwicklung der De1iktsart.- 4.4. Gesamtdelinquenz und soziale Auffäilligkeiten der H-Probanden.- 4.5. Zum krimino1ogischen Tatbi1d der H-Probanden.- 4.5.1. Inha1t und Umfang des krimino1ogischen Tatbi1des.- 4.5.2. Zeit unmittelbar vor der Tat.- 4.5.3. Tatgeschehen.- 4.5.4. Zeit nach der Tat.- 4.6. Lebenssituation und Geschehensab1äufe bei der Tatbegehung der H-Probanden.- 4.7. Die registrierte De1inquenz der V-Probanden.- 4.7.1. De1ikte und Sanktionen.- 4.7.2. Sozia1e Auffiilligkeiten der vorbestraften V-Probanden.- 4.8. Zusammenfassung.- 5. Die Einzelbefunde im Überblick.- III. Übergreifende Gesamtbetrachtung.- 1. Methodologische Vorklärungen.- 1.1. Grenzen der statistischen Auswertung.- 1.2. Grenzen der Einzelfalluntersuchungen.- 1.3. Zur idealtypischen Begriffsbi1dung.- 2. Vergleich des idealtypischen Verhaltens von H- und V-Probanden.- 2.1. Vorbemerkung.- 2.2. Synopse idea1typischer Verhaltensweisen.- 2.2.1. Verha1ten des Probanden im Zusammenhang mit der (e1terlichen) Erziehung im Kindesalter.- 2.2.2. Aufenthaltsbereich.- 2.2.3. Leistungsbereich.- 2.2.3.1. Schu1e.- 2.2.3.2. Berufliche Ausbi1dung.- 2.2.3.3. Berufstätigkeit.- 2.2.4. Freizeitbereich.- 2.2.4.1. Verfügbarkeit der Freizeit.- 2.2.4.2. Struktur und Verlauf der Freizeittätigkeiten.- 2.2.4.3. Freizeitaufentha1t.- 2.2.5. Kontaktbereich.- 2.2.5.1. Schicksa1haft vorgegebene Kontakte.- 2.2.5.2. Selbstgewählte Kontakte zu Freunden und Bekannten.- 2.2.5.3. Sexuelle Kontakte.- 2.2.5.4. Eigene (Prokreations-)Familie.- 3. Vergleiche im Querschnitt.- 3.1. Vorbemerkung.- 3.2. Tageslaufanalysen.- 3.3. Kriminore1evante Konstellationen und „sonstige Kriterien“.- 3.3.1. Entstehung der Konstellationen.- 3.3.2. Überprüfung der Konstellationen.- 3.3.3. Zum Bedeutungsgeha1t der einze1nen Faktoren und „sonstigen Kriterien“.- 3.3.3.1. Die Faktoren der kriminova1enten Konstellation.- 3.3.3.2. Die Faktoren der kriminoresistenten Konstellation.- 3.3.3.3. „Sonstige Kriterien“.- 3.3.4. Zusammenfassung.- 4. Vergleiche im Längsschnitt.- 4.1. Vorbemerkung.- 4.2. Die Übersichtsbogen.- 4.3. „Zwillings“paare von H- und V-Probanden.- 4.3.1. Grundsätzliche Bedeutung.- 4.3.2. Darstellung einze1ner „Zwillings“paare.- 4.3.2.1. Gleiche Schicksalsgruppen und damit verbundene Schwierigkeiten.- 4.3.2.2. Belastende Verhältnisse im elterlichen Bereich.- 4.3.2.3. Benachtei1igungen körperlicher Art.- 4.3.2.4. Besondere Be1astungen im Leistungsbereich.- 4.3.2.5. Gefahrdungen durch die Art des Freizeit- und Kontaktverhaltens.- 4.3.3. Zusammenfassung.- 4.4. Die Stellung der Tat im Lebenslängsschnitt.- 4.4.1. Grundsätzliche Bedeutung.- 4.4.2. Die (kontinuierliche) Hinentwicklung zur Kriminalität — Beginn in der frühen J ugend.- 4.4.3. Die (kontinuierliche) Hinentwicklung zur Kriminalität — Beginn im Heranwachsenden- bzw. Erwachsenenalter.- 4.4.4. Der kriminelle Übersprung.- 4.4.5. Kriminalität im Rahmen der Persönlichkeitsreifung.- 4.4.6. Kriminalität bei sonstiger sozialer Unauffälligkeit.- 4.4.7. Zusammenfassung.- 5. Relevanzbezüge und Wertorientierung.- 6. Zusammenfassung: Zur Einheit, Der Täter in seinen sozialen Bezügen.- IV. Ausblick.- 1. Zur wissenschaftlichen Bedeutung der Tübinger Jungtäter- Vergleichsuntersuchung.- 2. Zur praktischen Bedeutung der Tübinger Jungtäter-Vergleichsuntersuchung.- Literatur.

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Book SynopsisInterdisziplinär – DAS Werk zur Wundballistik Grundlagen Das notwendige Grundwissen über Physik, Munition und Waffen, Ballistik Verhalten von Geschossen im Menschen und im Tier (Physik der Schussverletzung) Experimentelle Simulation von Schussverletzungen und die dazu geeigneten Materialien Anwendungen Rechtsmedizin und Kriminalistik Die Schussverletzung als kriminalistische Spur (Rekonstruktion des Tatablaufs, Schussdistanz) Nicht-letale Geschosse und ihre Gefährlichkeit Gefährdung durch Geschosse Notfall- und Kriegschirurgie Bewertung von Verletzungen durch Kleinwaffengeschosse und Splitter Gasstrahlen (bei Schreckschuss- und Gaswaffen) Internationale Konventionen Physikalische Maßzahlen für das Verletzungspotenzial (die Wirksamkeit) von Geschossen und Splittern Nachschlagewerk Tabellenwerk (ballistische Daten zahlreicher – auch älterer – Patronenarten, Materialeigenschaften, sowie viele sonst schwer zugängliche Daten) Dreisprachiges Glossar fachspezifischer Ausdrücke (deutsch, englisch, französisch) NEU Wundballistik der Polizeigeschosse Hinweise auf neuere Forschungsergebnisse Farbige Abbildungen Durch die Zunahme der terroristischen und kriminellen Aktivitäten weltweit sind nicht nur Armeeangehörige betroffen. Auch Chirurgen, Rechtsmediziner, Polizisten und Kriminalisten müssen die Besonderheiten der Schussverletzungen kennen und beurteilen können.Table of ContentsEinführung.- Grundlagen.- Allgemeine Wundballistik.- Wundballistik der Geschosse und Splitter.- Wundballistik in der Rechtsmedizin.- Wundballistik und Chirurgie.- Wundballistik und Internationale Konventionen.- Anhang Tabellen.- Anhang Fachwörterbuch.- Literaturverzeichnis.- Abbildungsnachweise.- Stichwortverzeichnis.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1. E-WASTE: A FORENSIC VIEWPOINT.- Chapter 2. Canine Forensics as an Aid to Police Investigation.- Chapter 3. Food Forensics: Fundamentals and Technical Advancements.- Chapter 4. Next-Generation Sequencing in Forensic Science.- Chapter 5. Contact Lens Analysis in Forensic Investigations: Applications and Advancements.- Chapter 6. FORENSIC STYLISTICS: AN OVERVIEW.- Chapter 7. Digital Autopsy (Virtopsy): An Introduction.- Chapter 8. Applications of Machine Learning in Forensic Science.- Chapter 9. Chemometrics in Forensic Science: An Overview.- Chapter 10. Internet of Things and Digital Forensics: A Double-Edged Sword of Balancing the Interests of Justice & Privacy.- Chapter 11. Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Forensic Science: An Overview.- Chapter 12. Recent Advancements in Crime Scene Documentation.

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsDiagnostic Pathology: Forensic Autopsy 1e Mary Ann Sens, MD, PhD and Rhome Hughes, MD, MS Introduction to Forensic Autopsy Hospital vs. Forensic Autopsy Overview History of Forensic Autopsy Death Investigation: Systems and Persons PreAutopsy Considerations Report of Deaths Scene Investigations Medical Record Review Examination Types External Examination Photography Radiology Identification Clothing and Personal Effects Medical Intervention Postmortem Changes External Examination of the Body Evidence of Injury Internal Examination Overview of External Examination Cardiovascular System Respiratory System Hepatobiliary System Gastrointestinal System Genitourinary System Endocrine System Hematopoietic System Neck Head and Central Nervous System Injuries Blunt Force Injuries Overview Findings in Traumatic Brain Injury Patterned Injuries Transportation-Related Deaths Penetrating Injuries Overview Gunshot Wounds Sharp Force Wounds Drug-Related Deaths Thermal Injuries Thermal Injuries Asphyxial Deaths Carbon Monoxide Deaths Electrocution Environmental Exposure Drowning Animal Predation Pediatric Deaths Sudden Unexplained Deaths in Infants Accidental Deaths Nonaccidental Injuries in Infants and Children Infancticide Sudden Natural Deaths Cardiovascular Disease The Negative Autopsy Sudden Unexpected Death in Childhood Sudden and Unexpected Death in Adults Seizure-Related Deaths Pregnancy-Associated Deaths Deaths Associated with Medical Procedures Chronic Ethanol Abuse Miscellaneous Sudden Natural Deaths Special Topics In-Custody Deaths Excited Delirium Syndrome Starvation and Neglect Sexual Assault Acute Psychiatric and Stress-Related Deaths Seratonin Syndrome and Other Drug-Induced Disorders Ancillary Procedures Special Dissections Forensic Anthropology Toxicology Testing Microbiology Testing Chemistry Histology Interpretive Toxicology Alcohol Metabolism and Testing Cocaine Methamphetamine and Amphetamine Heroin and Morphine Prescription Opiates/Opiods Benzodiazepines Antidepressants Ethylene Glycol Non-Ethanol Volatiles Inhalants Heavy Metals Miscellaneous The Autopsy Report and The Death Certificate Manner of Death Cause of Death Manner of Death; NAME Guidelines The Autopsy Report The Death Certificate

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Book SynopsisClarke's Analysis of Drugs and Poisons is the definitive source of analytical data for drugs and poisons.Trade Review"This continues to be an invaluable reference for pharmaceutical scientists, clinical and forensic toxicologists and environmental chemists...Both the number of substances discussed in the monograph section and the depth of information presented are quite impressive." Randall C. Baselt, Ph.D., Journal of Forensic Science, 2011. -- Randall C. Baselt * Journal of Forensic Science *"Pathologists, clinicians, lawyers and students will find the new Clarke engaging, systematic in its approach and daunting in the massive amount of information provided. It is not until you become accustomed with the layout and logical style of the book that one appreciates the thought that has gone into producing this excellent and essential reference. No toxicologist should be without one!" Dimitri Gerostamoulos, TIAFT Bulletin 41(2), 2011. -- Dimitri Gerostamoulos * TIAFT Bulletin *"The work provides a compilation and easy access to analytical data for numerous compounds that can give an overview without the need of an extensive database search. This is especially true for data of older compounds that cannot be easily found elsewhere...the reader is provided with substantial information making the work an incomparable reference book in drug analysis." Gerhard K.E. Scriba, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Jena, Chromatographia, 10 July 2011. -- Gerhard K.E. Scriba * Chromatographia *Table of ContentsVolume one, part one: methodology and analytical techniques - Contains 44 chapters by leading international scientists covering the practice areas and analytical procedures used in toxicology. Volume two, parts two and three: analytical and toxicological data. Contains 2111 drug and poison monographs detailing physical properties, analytical methods, pharmacokinetic data and toxicity data. Part four: Indexes to analytical data. This part contains indexes of analytical data, including all data for colour tests, chromatography, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, infrared spectrometry and mass spectrometry.

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Book SynopsisAn electric thriller full of secrets, lies and hidden identities - you never truly know where you stand or who you stand with in this gripping thriller from Brooke Magnanti.Trade ReviewHugely impressive . . . Brooke writes the kind of women we want to see in crime fiction -- Russel McLeanBrooke uses her professional know-how to detail shockingly gruesome scenes at the morgue in a mystery that begins with a decomposing body in a bag in a Hebridean loch but spins a web of real-life strands of political chicanery, greed and lies galore. * Peterborough Evening Telegraph on THE TURNING TIDE *A helter-skelter of a book * Guardian *Magnanti's writing is lively and entertaining. When her victims are laid out on that slab, her unspeakably detailed descriptions are good enough to put the wind up Patricia Cornwell. * The Times *

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Book SynopsisBuilding on the success, and maintaining the format, of the best-selling Human and Nonhuman Bone Identification: A Color Atlas (ISBN: 978-1-4200-6286-1), Comparative Bone Identification: Human Subadult to Nonhuman presents new images of human bones representing many states of maturation from neonate to 20 years old. It also extends the scope of the former work by focusing on the smaller bones of fetuses and young humans and comparing them to bones of birds, reptiles, marine mammals, fish, and a frog that may be confused with those of a subadult human.The book begins with a section on general osteology and explains the major anatomical differences between humans and other animals. The second section compares human and nonhuman bones, categorized by type of bone, and includes most of the major bones in humans and nonhumans. The third section presents skeletons within species. Containing nearly 3,500 color photographs, the book provides examples of siTable of ContentsINTRODUCTION. MAJOR ELEMENTS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES. Cranium. Mandible. Pectoral Girdle. Sternum. Ribs. Vertebrae. Ossa Coxae. Humerus. Radius. Ulna. Hand. Femur. Tibia. Fibula. Foot. SKELETONS ARRANGED BY SPECIES. Human Subadult. Birds. Reptiles. Marine Mammals. Fish.

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Book SynopsisThis is a tale of two tragedies.At the heart of the first is Dr. Steven Hayne, a doctor the State of Mississippi employed as its de facto medical examiner for two decades. Beginning in the late 1980s, he performed anywhere from 1,200 to 1,800 autopsies per year, five times more than is recommended, all at night, in the basement of a local morgue and flower shop. Autopsy reports claimed organs had been observed and weighed when, in reality, they had been surgically removed from the body years before. But Hayne was the only game in town. He also often brought in local dentist and self-styled "bite mark specialist" Dr. Michael West, who would discover marks on victim's bodies, at times invisible to the naked eye, and then match those marks to law enforcement's lead suspect.This leads to the second tragic tale: that of Kennedy Brewer and Levon Brooks, two black men each convicted in separate cases of the brutal rape and murder of young girls. Dr. Hayne's autopsy and Dr. West's bite mark matching formed the bases for the convictions. Combined the two men served over 30 years in Mississippi's notorious penitentiary - Parchman Farm - before being exonerated in 2008. Brooks' and Brewer's wrongful convictions lie at the intersection of both the most pressing problem facing this country's criminal justice system - structural injustice built on the historic foundation of race and class as well as with the much more contemporary but equally egregious problem of invalid forensic science. The old problem is inextricably bound up with and exacerbates the new. In Dr. Death and the Country Dentist, Radley Balko and Tucker Carrington write a true story of Southern gothic horror--of two innocent men wrongly convicted of vicious crimes and the legally condoned failures that allowed it to happen. Balko and Carrington will shine a light on the institutional and professional failures that allowed this tragic, astonishing story to happen, identify where it may have happened elsewhere, and show how to prevent it from happening again

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Book SynopsisDer Band aus der Reihe „Module Innere Medizin“ ermöglicht Lernenden den Blick aufs Ganze. Systematisch stellen die Autoren das gesamte Organsystem Lunge und Atemwege dar: von der Anatomie über die Physiologie bis zur Diagnostik und Therapie von Erkrankungen. Wegen seiner Praxisnähe eignet sich der Band nicht nur für Studierende, sondern auch für Ärzte in der pneumologischen Aus- und Weiterbildung.Trade Review“... Das Buch lohnt sich vor allem für den klinischen Abschnitt. Der Text ist gut verständlich geschrieben udn wird ergänzt durch zahlreiche anatomische Zeichnungen, Röntgen- und CT-Bilder und ähnlichen. Die Gliederung ist klar und fasst die wichtigsten Erkrankungen gut zusammen.” (in: AirMediPlus, Heft 4, 2015)“... Es ist kurz und praktisch zusammengefasst und man kann sich in kurzer Zeit einen guten Überblick verschaffen. ... Diagnostische Methoden werden sehr gut beschrieben und auch mit vielen Bildern verständlich gemacht. Die in Farbe hervorgehobenen Kästchen mit wichtigen Informationen sind sehr hilfreich und nicht zu häufig. Alles in allem wird man mit diesem Kurzlehrbuch gut für den Klinikalltag vorbereitet und kann damit auch die dazugehörigen Prüfungen bewältigen ...” (in: Fachschaft Medizin LMU München, fachschaft-medizin.de, Dezember 2015)“ ... ist das Buch wirklich sehr übersichtlich gegliedert und angenehm zu lesen ... Als Basic-Lehrbuch ist dieses Werk wirklich toll um sich kurz und bündig in das gesamte Spektrum der Pneumologie einzulesen und gut vorbereitet in die Famulatur oder ins KPJ zu starten ...” (Bösch, Dennis, in: Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, skalpell.at, 11. März 2015)"... sehr übersichtlich gegliedert und angenehm zu lesen. ... Als Basic-Lehrbuch ist dieses Werk wirklich toll um sich kurz und bündig in das gesamte Spektrum der Pneumologie einzulesen ..." (Katharina Greber, in: Der Medicus, Heft 1, 2015)“… gibt es viele anatomische Zeichnungen, die z.B. bei der Auskultation die Punkte zeigen, auf denen das Stethoskop aufgelegt werden sollte, um optimal abhören zu können. Also gibt es viele Röntgen- und CT-Bilder, welche schließlich zur Basisdiagnostik von Lungenerkrankungen gehören (neben der Anamnese und körperlichen Untersuchung) ...“ (in: Fachschaft Medizin Münster, fsmed-muenster.de, 2. Januar 2015)“... Das Buch ist laut Vorwort speziell für Medizinstudenten und junge Assistenten in Weiterbildung verfasst, jedoch auch Kollegen in Weiterbildung zu verschiedenen Facharzt- oder Spezialtiteln und erfahrene Fachärzte dürfen sich jederzeit eines Repetitoriums erfreuen, denn auch das kann das Buch bieten. ... Mit zahlreichen Tabellen, Graphiken und Abbildungen aus der Klinik wird man durch das Buch geführt. ... Der Lehrtext lässt sich flüssig lesen und ist verständlich nachzuvollziehen ...“ (Veronika Gebhardt, in: webcritics.de, 15. Januar 2015)“... übersichtlich gegliedert, mit Grafiken, Tabellen und Infoboxen ansprechend gestaltet und schön illustriert. ... Das Buch vermittelt zunächst alle grundlegenden Informationen zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Lunge, um diese wieder in Erinnerung zu rufen. ... Ätiologie und Pathophysiologie erklärt werden und zu denen jeweils die Diagnostik – gut illustriert - und die Therapie vorgestellt werden. ... als tolles Lehrbuch, das dieses Thema vor allem gut verständlich und sehr übersichtlich vermittelt ...“ (in: Veasyte, Wintersemester/2014-2015, S. 60 f.) “... Der Text ist gut verständlich geschrieben und wird ergänzt durch zahlreiche anatomische Zeichnungen,Schemata, Röntgen- und CT-Bilder und ähnlichen. Die Gliederung ist klar und fasst die wichtigesten Erkrankungen gut zusammen. Wichtige Inhalte sind nochmal in farbigen Abschnitten zusammengefasst oder in Tabellen wiedergegeben ...“ (in: FiMM Fachschaftsinitiative Medizin Mannheim FiMM-online.de, September 2014)“... Das Buch lohnt sich vor allem für den klinischen Abschnitt ... Der Text ist gut verständlich geschreiben[sic] und wird ergänzt durch zahlreiche anatomische Zeichnungen, Röntgen- und CT-Bilder und ähnlichen. Die Gliederung ist klar und fasst die wichtigesten Erkrankungen gut zusammen. ...wer schonmal unterwegs lernt (in Zug oder Stadtpark) und nicht immer das dicke Standardwerk Innere Medizin mit sich schleppen möchte, für den ist dieses Buch eine gute Alternative.“ (JohannaBS, in: Amazon.de, 15. September 2014)Table of Contents1. Anatomie und Physiologie der Lunge und Atemwege.- 2. Pneumologische Diagnostik.- 3. Epidemiologie pneumologischer Ekrankungen - Prävalenz, Risikofaktoren und Prävention.- 4. Obstruktive Atemwegs- und Lungenerkrankungen.- 5. Infektiöse Atemwegs- und Lungenerkrankungen.- 6. Diffuse Lungenparenchymerkrankungen.- 7. Lungengefäßerkrankungen.- 8.Lungen- und Bronchialtumoren.- 9. Pleuraerkrankungen.- 10. Atmungsstörungen und Atemregulationsstörungen.- 11. Tabakentwöhnung.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Snowden's study...is a remarkable piece of historical work. Original, crystal-clear, analytical and passionate, Snowden...takes us to areas historians have rarely visited before. ... This magnificent study, beautifully written and impeccably documented, deserves an audience beyond specialists in history, or in Italy." - John Foot, The GuardianThe Guardian Book of the Week - Saturday 8th April 2006"In The Conquest of Malaria, Snowden traces the early advances, the setbacks of world wars and Fascist dictatorship, and the final victory against malaria after World War II. . . . Comprehensive and enlightening, The Conquest of Malaria also offers important lessons of today's global malaria emergency."—Italian Tribune“Frank Snowden has drawn on neglected Italian sources to produce a detailed account of the protracted struggle to bring malaria under control in Italy. The Conquest of Malaria is an important contribution to the malaria literature. … [An] excellent book…” - Brian Greenwood, Nature"Frank Snowdon's excellent book provides an insightful and illuminating account of how one nation—Italy—undertook the first national campaign to eradicate this debilitating disease. More importantly, The Conquest of Malaria serves as a timely warning to those who advocate simple technological quick fixes to what was (and still is) a complex environmental, social, economic, and political problem."—Andrea Rusnock, IsisWinner of the 2006 Helen and Howard R. Marraro Prize given by the American Historical AssociationWinner of the 2008 Welch Medal, given by the American Association for the History of Medicine.Winner of the 2007 Malaria Award for Book of the Year given by Malaria Foundation International"With this book, Snowden achieves two difficult goals. He demonstrates how important malaria was to the political and social history of Italy to the mid-twentieth century, an aspect of the country’s course underappreciated by its historians. Perhaps more importantly, he has crafted a marvelously detailed case study in the control of malaria, that shows how closely intertwined are the environmental, medical, social and political features of a landscape that nurtures the disease. Whether describing the temporary Fascist victory over malaria in the Pontine Marshes or the deliberate creation of malarial epidemics by retreating Nazis, Snowden’s lively account convinces the reader that as malaria goes, so goes Italy. This is a first rate, valuable book that belongs on the shelf of historian and malariologist alike."—Dr. Margaret Humphreys, Professor of History, Duke University"Frank Snowden's research on Italy's battle against malaria combines a mastery of the scientific literature with a profound understanding of the laws of motion of Italian society and politics."—John Dickie, author of Cosa Nostra: A History of the Italian Mafia“Frank Snowden’s study of the scourge and final eradication of malaria in Italy is a masterpiece. Rigorous, passionate, and highly original, it deserves a wide audience amongst historians and students.”—John Foot, reader in Modern Italian History, Department of Italian, University College London"A highly original and authoritative reconstruction of Italy's historic and sometimes tragic battle with malaria; in its historical sweep, this book brilliantly conceptualizes disease within a political landscape that includes socialists, liberals, feminists, and fascists. A model for research on the history of medicine."—Mary Gibson, City University of New York

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Fahmy’s archive-centered iconoclasm of traditional binaries and ideas of ahistorical essences targets the grand narratives about modernity in the Middle East—Islamism, Orientalism and nationalism—at the same time as bringing a focus on gritty neglected aspects of modernization in academia." * Bustan: The Middle East Book Review *"Ambitious in its scope and elegant in its organization, Khaled Fahmy’s In Quest of Justice is a significant intervention in the fields of legal and medical history in modern Egypt and the Middle East. By interweaving law and forensic medicine, Fahmy takes on several prominent debates in Middle East studies." * Arab Studies Journal *"In Quest of Justice makes a significant contribution to this scholarly momentum by offering a historical reconstruction and analysis of the connection between medicine and law in nineteenth-century Egypt." * Bulletin of the History of Medicine *"Provides a fascinating account of the rise of a state apparatus in Egypt during the nineteenth century. . . . The book represents a level of reflection and an unrivaled knowledge of the archive that can only spring from a distinguished career and years of research. This veritable chef d’oeuvre will serve as a key text for many students and scholars of Egyptian and Middle Eastern history." * American Historical Review *"In Quest of Justice makes a significant contribution to . . . scholarly momentum by offering a historical reconstruction and analysis of the connection between medicine and law in nineteenth-century Egypt." * Bulletin of the History of Medicine *"The book is written in an elegant style that reads as smoothly as good fiction. . . . Fahmy’s interest in legal medicine in nineteenth-century Egypt has led him to make a groundbreaking contribution to Islamic legal studies as well as produce a novel history of the emergence of the modern Egyptian state . . . Above all, In Quest of Justice is a book written with passion and animated by a deep, moving love for Egypt and for its people." * Journal of the American Oriental Society *Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction 1 • Medicine, Enlightenment, and Islam 2 • Siyasa, the Forgotten Code 3 • An Olfactory Tale of One City: Cairo in Khedival Times 4 • Law in the Market: H. isba and Forensic Chemistry 5 • Justice without Pain Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Fahmy’s archive-centered iconoclasm of traditional binaries and ideas of ahistorical essences targets the grand narratives about modernity in the Middle East—Islamism, Orientalism and nationalism—at the same time as bringing a focus on gritty neglected aspects of modernization in academia." * Bustan: The Middle East Book Review *"Ambitious in its scope and elegant in its organization, Khaled Fahmy’s In Quest of Justice is a significant intervention in the fields of legal and medical history in modern Egypt and the Middle East. By interweaving law and forensic medicine, Fahmy takes on several prominent debates in Middle East studies." * Arab Studies Journal *"In Quest of Justice makes a significant contribution to this scholarly momentum by offering a historical reconstruction and analysis of the connection between medicine and law in nineteenth-century Egypt." * Bulletin of the History of Medicine *"Provides a fascinating account of the rise of a state apparatus in Egypt during the nineteenth century. . . . The book represents a level of reflection and an unrivaled knowledge of the archive that can only spring from a distinguished career and years of research. This veritable chef d’oeuvre will serve as a key text for many students and scholars of Egyptian and Middle Eastern history." * American Historical Review *"In Quest of Justice makes a significant contribution to . . . scholarly momentum by offering a historical reconstruction and analysis of the connection between medicine and law in nineteenth-century Egypt." * Bulletin of the History of Medicine *"The book is written in an elegant style that reads as smoothly as good fiction. . . . Fahmy’s interest in legal medicine in nineteenth-century Egypt has led him to make a groundbreaking contribution to Islamic legal studies as well as produce a novel history of the emergence of the modern Egyptian state . . . Above all, In Quest of Justice is a book written with passion and animated by a deep, moving love for Egypt and for its people." * Journal of the American Oriental Society *Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction 1 • Medicine, Enlightenment, and Islam 2 • Siyasa, the Forgotten Code 3 • An Olfactory Tale of One City: Cairo in Khedival Times 4 • Law in the Market: H. isba and Forensic Chemistry 5 • Justice without Pain Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisAfter the second edition was published (in 1994), a number of changes have taken place, including changes in the law, advances in treatment, and changes in the management of prisons and special hospitals. The book remains essential reading for doctors taking the Membership examination of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, but also will be of interest to general psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, social workers, lawyers, probation officers and criminologists. The subject is set out clearly, logically and expertly and arranged for quick reference.Trade ReviewThis latest edition can safely be recommended to all pre-membership trainees and to any members of a forensic multi-disciplinary team. Consultants in all psychiatric specialities will also find it a useful quick guide. British Journal of Psychiatry All in all, a very useful book for a practicing forensic psychiatrist and can be heartily recommended. International Journal of Forensic MedicineTable of ContentsForensic psychiatric services;. Legal aspects: The courts and their sentences;. Legal aspects: Appeals and protection;. Criminological facts and theories;. Offences against property and forensic psychiatry; Offences against the person and forensic psychiatry;. Mental illness and forensic psychiatry: The functional psychoses and neuroses;. Mental illness and forensic psychiatry: Organic brain syndromes;. Psychopathic disorder and forensic psychiatry;. Mental retardation and forensic psychiatry;. Sexual disorders and forensic psychiatry;. Women and juvenile offenders;. Dangerousness;. Writing a report;. Ethics and forensic psychiatry;. Management of patients within secure psychiatric institutions;. Civil courts and forensic psychiatry

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Book SynopsisForensic Mental Health Nursing illustrates contemporary forensic mental health nursing practice within and beyond secure clinical environments. This multi-authored book demonstrates the evolution of the nurse''s role from its in-patient, secure-services origins to the diverse sub-specialism of mental health nursing that exists today. Specific practice-based issues, such as the care and management of sex offenders and personality disordered individuals, are addressed, together with an exploration of topics including the skills and knowledge base of forensic mental health nursing, the development of the forensic nurse''s role and the challenges of community services provision. Individual chapters are devoted to issues such as psychosocial interventions, the assessment and management of risk, diversion from the Criminal Justice System, ethnicity and the ethical aspects of practice. This book will be of interest to forensic mental health nurses, those who may be contemplatTrade Review"Chaloner & Coffey have assembled an impressive collection of contributors for what is likely to become a standard text...for a sound exploration of theory this is an excellent starting point" Nursing Times "... one of the most informative texts in this field . it is whole-heartedly recommended to all those practitioners, researchers and academics with an interest in forensic mental health nursing" Mental Health Practice “The book contains excellent material …It addresses – with confidence and conviction – forensic mental health nursing theory and practice in a deliberately and convincingly practical manner. It is timely, relevant and superbly written.” “It is essential reading for anyone interested in contemporary mental health care, research and development.” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Mental Health Nursing “Overall this is a bright and illuminating collection of papers that all strive to approach their topics in new and original ways” Mental Health Care & Learning DisabilitiesTable of ContentsChapter 1. Characteristics, Skills, Knowledge and Inquiry. Chapter 2. Working with Adolescent Patients. Chapter 3.Working with Sex Offenders. Chapter 4. Working with the Offender Patient with Psychosis. Chapter 5. Working with Learning Disabled Offenders. Chapter 6. Working with the Personality Disordered Offender. Chapter 7. The Experience of Black Mentally Disordered Offenders. Chapter 8. Risk Assessment and Management. Chapter 9. Developing Community Services. Chapter 10. Diversion from the Criminal Justice System. Chapter 11. Relatives and Informal Caregivers. Chapter 12. Psychosocial Interventions. Chapter 13. Addressing Issues of Sexuality. Chapter 14. Ethics and Morality. Chapter 15. History and Development

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Book SynopsisIn this study of pre-trial clinical assessment, Robert Menzies examines a key element in our system of criminal justice and finds is wanting. His book calls into question the entire process by which the state determines that defendants are – or are not – mentally fit to stand trial. The Metropolitan Toronto Forensic Service (METFORS) is a multi-disciplinary assessment agency which opened in 1978. During its first year of operation METFORS practitioners evaluated 592 defendants. Meznies has reconstructed medical and correctional records to trace the institutional careers of those men and women from their initial arrest, through their assessment of METFORS and the decision of the court, and finally through the two years following the initial assessment.What emerges is an illuminating analysis of the character and outcome of forensic psychiatric decision-making; the relationship between clinicians and other criminal justice officials such as police, prosecutors,

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Book SynopsisThrough the innovative perspective of environment and culture, Urmi Engineer Willoughby examines yellow fever in New Orleans. Linking local epidemics to the city's place in the Atlantic world, Willoughby analyses how incidences of and responses to the disease grew out of an environment shaped by sugar, slavery, and urban development.

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Book SynopsisForensic Chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications presents a new approach to the study of applications of chemistry to forensic science. It is edited by one of the leading forensic scientists with each chapter written by international experts specializing in their respective fields, and presents the applications of chemistry, especially analytical chemistry, to various topics that make up the forensic scientists toolkit. This comprehensive, textbook includes in-depth coverage of the major topics in forensic chemistry including: illicit drugs, fibers, fire and explosive residues, soils, glass and paints, the chemistry of fingerprint recovery on porous surfaces, the chemistry of firearms analysis, as well as two chapters on the key tools of forensic science, microscopy and chemometrics. Each topic is explored at an advanced college level, with an emphasis, throughout the text, on the use of chemical tools in evidence analysis. Forensic Chemistry: Fundamentals aTable of ContentsAbout the editor, xii Contributors, xiii Series preface, xv Preface, xvi 1 Drugs of abuse, 1Niamh Nic Daéid 1.1 Introduction, 1 1.2 Law and legislation, 2 1.3 Sampling, 4 1.3.1 Random sampling and representative sampling, 6 1.3.2 Arbitrary sampling, 7 1.3.3 Statistical sampling methods, 8 1.4 Specific drug types, 9 1.4.1 Cannabis, 9 1.4.2 Heroin, 14 1.4.3 Cocaine, 22 1.4.4 Amphetamine]type stimulants, 27 1.4.5 New psychoactive substances, 33 1.5 Conclusions, 36 Acknowledgements, 36 References, 36 2 Textiles, 40Max Houck 2.1 Introduction, 40 2.2 A science of reconstruction, 40 2.2.1 Classification, 41 2.2.2 Comparison, 42 2.2.3 Transfer and persistence, 43 2.3 Textiles, 43 2.3.1 Information, 44 2.3.2 Morphology, 45 2.4 Natural fibers, 48 2.4.1 Animal fibers, 48 2.4.2 Plant fibers, 51 2.5 Manufactured fibers, 52 2.6 Yarns and fabrics, 55 2.6.1 Fabric construction, 56 2.6.2 Finishes, 59 2.7 Fiber types, 59 2.7.1 Acetate, 59 2.7.2 Acrylic, 59 2.7.3 Aramids, 60 2.7.4 Modacrylic, 60 2.7.5 Nylon, 61 2.7.6 Olefins (polypropylene and polyethylene), 61 2.7.7 Polyester, 62 2.7.8 Rayon, 62 2.7.9 Spandex, 65 2.7.10 Triacetate, 66 2.7.11 Bicomponent fibers, 66 2.8 Chemistry, 67 2.8.1 General analysis, 67 2.8.2 Instrumental analysis, 68 2.8.3 Color, 69 2.8.4 Raman spectroscopy, 70 2.8.5 Interpretation, 71 2.9 The future, 72 References, 72 3 Paint and coatings examination, 75Paul Kirkbride 3.1 Introduction, 75 3.2 Paint chemistry, 76 3.2.1 Binders, 76 3.2.2 Dyes and pigments, 86 3.2.3 Additives, 89 3.3 Automotive paint application, 91 3.4 Forensic examination of paint, 92 3.4.1 General considerations, 92 3.4.2 Microscopy, 95 3.4.3 Vibrational spectrometry, 96 3.4.4 SEM]EDX and XRF, 106 3.4.5 Pyrolytic techniques, 111 3.4.6 Color analysis, 116 3.5 Paint evidence evaluation and expert opinion, 120 References, 128 Contents vii 4 Forensic fire debris analysis, 135Reta Newman 4.1 Introduction, 135 4.2 Process overview, 135 4.3 Sample collection, 136 4.4 Ignitable liquid classification, 137 4.5 Petroleum]based ignitable liquids, 144 4.6 Non]petroleum]based ignitable liquids, 160 4.7 Sample preparation, 161 4.8 Sample analysis and data interpretation, 166 4.9 Summary, 172 References, 173 5 Explosives, 175John Goodpaster 5.1 The nature of an explosion, 175 5.1.1 Types of explosions, 175 5.1.2 Explosive effects, 176 5.2 Physical and chemical properties of explosives, 180 5.2.1 Low explosives, 181 5.2.2 High explosives, 186 5.3 Protocols for the forensic examination of explosives and explosive devices, 192 5.3.1 Recognition of evidence, 192 5.3.2 Portable technology and on]scene analysis, 193 5.3.3 In the laboratory, 194 5.4 Chemical analysis of explosives, 200 5.4.1 Consensus standards (TWGFEX), 201 5.4.2 Chemical tests, 203 5.4.3 X]ray techniques, 204 5.4.4 Spectroscopy, 207 5.4.5 Separations, 212 5.4.6 Gas chromatography, 213 5.4.7 Mass spectrometry, 215 5.4.8 Provenance and attribution determinations, 219 5.5 Ongoing research, 221 Acknowledgements, 222 References, 222 Further reading, 226 6 Analysis of glass evidence, 228Jose Almirall and Tatiana Trejos 6.1 Introduction to glass examinations and comparisons, 228 6.2 Glass, the material, 231 6.2.1 Physical and chemical properties, 231 6.2.2 Manufacturing, 233 6.2.3 Fractures and their significance, 236 6.2.4 Forensic considerations: Transfer and persistence of glass, 238 6.3 A brief history of glass examinations, 241 6.4 Glass examinations and comparison, standard laboratory practices, 242 6.4.1 Physical measurements, 243 6.4.2 Optical measurements, 244 6.4.3 Chemical measurements: elemental analysis, 247 6.5 Interpretation of glass evidence examinations and comparisons, 256 6.5.1 Defining the match criteria, 256 6.5.2 Descriptive statistics, 256 6.5.3 Match criteria for refractive index measurements, 257 6.5.4 Informing power of analytical methods, forming the opinion, 260 6.5.5 Report writing and testimony, 262 6.6 Case examples, 263 6.6.1 Case 1: Hit]and]run case, 263 6.6.2 Case 2: Multiple transfer of glass in breaking]and]entry case, 264 6.7 Conclusions, 265 References, 266 7 The forensic comparison of soil and geologic microtraces, 273Richard E. Bisbing 7.1 Soil and geologic microtraces as trace evidence, 273 7.2 Comparison process, 274 7.3 Developing expertise, 278 7.4 Genesis of soil, 279 7.5 Genesis of geologic microtraces, 284 7.6 Collecting questioned samples of unknown origin, 287 7.7 Collecting soil samples of known origin, 288 7.8 Initial comparisons, 290 7.9 Color comparison, 290 7.10 Texture comparison, 293 7.11 Mineral comparison, 297 7.12 Modal analysis, 301 7.13 Automated instrumental modal analysis, 308 7.14 Ecological constituents, 310 7.15 Anthropogenic constituents, 312 7.16 Reporting comparison results, 312 7.17 Future directions and research, 314 Acknowledgments, 314 References, 315 Further reading, 316 8 Chemical analysis for the scientific examination of questioned documents, 318Gerald M. LaPorte 8.1 Static approach, 320 8.2 Dynamic approach, 324 8.3 Ink composition, 324 8.4 Examinations, 328 8.4.1 Physical examinations, 329 8.4.2 Optical examinations, 332 8.4.3 Chemical examinations, 333 8.4.4 Paper examinations, 339 8.5 Questioned documents, crime scenes and evidential considerations, 342 8.5.1 How was the questioned document produced?, 342 8.5.2 What evidence can be used to associate a questioned document with the crime scene and/or victim?, 343 8.5.3 Are there other forensic examinations that can be performed?, 345 8.5.4 Demonstrating that a suspect altered a document, 346 8.6 Interpreting results and rendering conclusions, 347 References, 350 9 Chemical methods for the detection of latent fingermarks, 354Amanda A. Frick, Patrick Fritz, and Simon W. Lewis 9.1 Introduction, 354 9.2 Sources of latent fingermark residue, 355 9.2.1 Aqueous components, 356 9.2.2 Lipid components, 357 9.2.3 Sources of compositional variation, 359 9.3 Chemical processing of latent fingermarks, 361 9.3.1 Amino acid sensitive reagents, 361 9.3.2 Reagents based on colloidal metals, 370 9.3.3 Lipid]sensitive reagents, 377 9.3.4 Other techniques, 383 9.4 Experimental considerations for latent fingermark chemistry research, 384 9.5 Conclusions and future directions, 387 Acknowledgements, 388 References, 388 Further reading, 398 10 Chemical methods in firearms analysis, 400Walter F. Rowe 10.1 Introduction, 400 10.2 Basic firearms examination, 400 10.2.1 Cleaning bullets and cartridges, 402 10.2.2 Analysis of bullet lead, 404 10.2.3 Serial number restoration, 406 10.3 Shooting incident reconstruction, 408 10.3.1 Muzzle]to]target determinations, 411 10.3.2 Firearm primers, 416 10.3.3 Collection of gunshot residue, 425 10.4 Conclusion, 433 References, 433 11 Forensic microscopy, 439Christopher S. Palenik 11.1 The microscope as a tool, 439 11.2 Motivation, 440 11.2.1 Intimidation, 442 11.2.2 Limitations, 442 11.3 Scale, 442 11.3.1 Scale and magnification, 443 11.3.2 Noting scale, 443 11.3.3 Analytical volume and limits of detection, 443 11.4 Finding, 445 11.4.1 Spatial resolution, 445 11.4.2 Recovery resolution, 447 11.4.3 Stereomicroscope, 447 11.5 Preparing, 448 11.5.1 Preservation and documentation, 448 11.5.2 Isolation, 450 11.5.3 Mounting, 451 11.6 Looking, 455 11.6.1 Light microscopy, 456 11.6.2 Scanning electron microscopy, 457 11.7 Analyzing, 458 11.7.1 Polarized light microscopy, 458 11.7.2 Energy dispersive X]ray spectroscopy, 462 11.7.3 FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, 464 11.7.4 Other methods, 465 11.8 Thinking, 465 11.9 Thanking, 467 References, 467 12 Chemometrics, 469Ruth Smith 12.1 Introduction, 469 12.2 Chromatograms and spectra as multivariate data, 470 12.3 Data preprocessing, 470 12.3.1 Baseline correction, 471 12.3.2 Smoothing, 473 12.3.3 Retention]time alignment, 473 12.3.4 Normalization and scaling, 475 12.4 Unsupervised pattern recognition, 477 12.4.1 Hierarchical cluster analysis, 478 12.4.2 Principal components analysis, 480 12.5 Supervised pattern recognition procedures, 485 12.5.1 k]Nearest neighbors, 486 12.5.2 Discriminant analysis, 487 12.5.3 Soft independent modeling of class analogy, 492 12.5.4 Model validation, 493 12.6 Applications of chemometric procedures in forensic science, 494 12.6.1 Fire debris and explosives, 495 12.6.2 Controlled substances and counterfeit medicines, 496 12.6.3 Trace evidence, 497 12.6.4 Impression evidence, 499 12.7 Conclusions, 499 Acknowledgements, 500 References, 500 Index, 504

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Book SynopsisFORENSIC SCIENCE Forensic Science: Current Issues, Future Directions presents a comprehensive, international discussion of key issues within the forensic sciences. Written by accomplished and respected specialists in distinct areas of the forensic sciences, this volume examines central issues within each discipline, provides perspective on current debate and explores current and proposed research initiatives. The forensic sciences represent dynamic and evolving fields, presenting new challenges to a rapidly expanding cohort of international practitioners. This book acquaints readers with the complex issues involved and how they are being addressed. The academic treatment by experts in the fields ensures comprehensive and thorough understanding of these issues and paves the way for future research and progress. Draws on the knowledge and expertise of the prestigious American Academy of Forensic Sciences Written by key experts in the diverse disciplines of fTrade Review“I would recommend this text to anyone wishing to learn more about the many and varied disciplines that make up the forensic sciences and, particularly, the role of AAFS in shaping developments in recent years.” (Journal of Forensic Sciences, 1 July 2013) “There is no other book on the market that provides the perspective that these authors do on new and evolving fields in the discipline. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All library collections.” (Choice, 1 August 2013) Table of ContentsList of contributors vii Acknowledgements xix 1 Introduction 1 Douglas H. Ubelaker 2 General forensics – no one else starts until we finish 6 Julie Howe, Janet Barber Duval, Claire Shepard and Robert Gaffney 3 Criminalistics: the bedrock of forensic science 29 Susan Ballou, Max Houck, Jay A. Siegel, Cecelia A. Crouse, John J. Lentini and Skip Palenik 4 Forensic pathology – the roles of molecular diagnostics and radiology at autopsy 102 James R. Gill, Yingying Tang, Gregory G. Davis, H. Theodore Harcke and Edward L. Mazuchowski 5 The places we will go: paths forward in forensic anthropology 131 Dawnie Wolfe Steadman 6 Forensic toxicology: scope, challenges, future directions and needs 160 Barry K. Logan and Jeri D. Ropero-Miller 7 Odontology – dentistry’s contribution to truth and justice 179 Iain A. Pretty, Robert Barsley, C. Michael Bowers, Mary Bush, Peter Bush, John Clement, Robert Dorion, Adam Freeman, Jim Lewis, David Senn and Frank Wright 8 Forensic psychiatry and forensic psychology 211 Stephen B. Billick and Daniel A. Martell 9 Forensic document examination 224 William M. Riordan, Judith A. Gustafson, Mary P. Fitzgerald and Jane A. Lewis 10 Digital evolution: history, challenges and future directions for the digital and multimedia sciences section 252 David W. Baker, Samuel I. Brothers, Zeno J. Geradts, Douglas S. Lacey, Kara L. Nance, Daniel J. Ryan, John E. Sammons and Peter Stephenson 11 Global thinking and methodologies in evidence-based forensic engineering science 292 Laura L. Liptai, Adam Aleksander, Scott Grainger, Sarah Hainsworth, Ryan Loomba and Jan Unarski 12 Jurisprudence 310 ARW Forrest and RT Kennedy 13 Global forensic science and the search for the dead and missing from armed conflict: the perspective of the International Committee of the Red Cross 337 Morris Tidball-Binz 14 Forensic systems and forensic research: an international perspective 366 DN Vieira 15 Summary and conclusions 374 Douglas H. Ubelaker Index 399

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Book SynopsisA Companion to Paleopathology offers a broad overview of the field that has evolved over the last few decades into an exploration of disease processes in the human skeleton.Trade Review“The book charts developing maturity reflecting the excellent work of the early pioneers but emphasising the bigger questions which research today facilitates such as how and why diseases develop, determining their frequency in the past and identifying how humans respond under different conditions and circumstances. Such questions have relevance for understanding diseases and their trajectories in contemporary populations.” (Chromatographia, 1 August 2013) Table of ContentsList of Illustrations xi List of Tables xvii Notes on Contributors xix Acknowledgements xxviii 1 Introduction: The Scope of Paleopathology 1 Anne L. Grauer Part I Approaches, Perspectives and Issues 15 2 Ethics and Issues in the Use of Human Skeletal Remains in Paleopathology 17 Patricia M. Lambert 3 Evolutionary Thought in Paleopathology and the Rise of the Biocultural Approach 34 Molly K. Zuckerman, Bethany L. Turner, and George J. Armelagos 4 The Bioarchaeological Approach to Paleopathology 58 Michele R. Buzon 5 The Molecular Biological Approach in Paleopathology 76 James H. Gosman 6 The Ecological Approach: Understanding Past Diet and the Relationship Between Diet and Disease 97 M. Anne Katzenberg 7 An Epidemiological Approach to Paleopathology 114 Jesper L. Boldsen and George R. Milner 8 The Promise, the Problems, and the Future of DNA Analysis in Paleopathology Studies 133 Mark Spigelman, Dong Hoon Shin, and Gila Kahila Bar Gal 9 The Analysis and Interpretation of Mummifi ed Remains 152 Michael R. Zimmerman 10 The Study of Parasites Through Time: Archaeoparasitology and Paleoparasitology 170 Katharina Dittmar, Adauto Araújo, and Karl J. Reinhard 11 More Than Just Mad Cows: Exploring Human–Animal Relationships Through Animal Paleopathology 191 Beth Upex and Keith Dobney 12 How Does The History of Paleopathology Predict its Future? 214 Mary Lucas Powell and Della Collins Cook Part II Methods and Techniques of Inquiry 225 13 A Knowledge of Bone at the Cellular (Histological) Level is Essential to Paleopathology 227 Bruce D. Ragsdale and Larisa M. Lehmer 14 Differential Diagnosis and Issues in Disease Classifi cation 250 Donald J. Ortner 15 Estimating Age and Sex from the Skeleton, a Paleopathological Perspective 268 George R. Milner and Jesper L. Boldsen 16 The Relationship Between Paleopathology and the Clinical Sciences 285 Simon Mays 17 Integrating Historical Sources with Paleopathology 310 Piers D. Mitchell 18 Fundamentals of Paleoimaging Techniques: Bridging the Gap Between Physicists and Paleopathologists 324 Johann Wanek, Christina Papageorgopoulou, and Frank Rühli 19 Data and Data Analysis Issues in Paleopathology 339 Ann L.W. Stodder Part III Diseases of the Past: Current Understandings and Controversies 357 20 Trauma 359 Margaret A. Judd and Rebecca Redfern 21 Developmental Disorders in the Skeleton 380 Ethne Barnes 22 Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases 401 Tomasz Kozłowski and Henryk W. Witas 23 Tumors: Problems of Differential Diagnosis in Paleopathology 420 Don Brothwell 24 Re-Emerging Infections: Developments in Bioarchaeological Contributions to Understanding Tuberculosis Today 434 Charlotte Roberts 25 Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) 458 Niels Lynnerup and Jesper Boldsen 26 Treponematosis: Past, Present, and Future 472 Della Collins Cook and Mary Lucas Powell 27 Nonspecifi c Infection in Paleopathology: Interpreting Periosteal Reactions 492 Darlene A. Weston 28 Joint Disease 513 Tony Waldron 29 Bioarchaeology's Holy Grail: The Reconstruction of Activity 531 Robert Jurmain, Francisca Alves Cardoso, Charlotte Henderson, and Sébastien Villotte 30 Oral Health in Past Populations: Context, Concepts and Controversies 553 John R. Lukacs Index 582

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