Ethology and animal behaviour Books

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"The breadth of research is impressive, as is the direct language used to express the complicated sciencebehind sound itself. . . . Sounds may not leave a fossil record, but Mathevon's research will."---Tina Panik, Library Journal, starred review"Mathevon delivers fascinating insights into animal communication. . . . This will change how readers hear the animals around them." * Publishers Weekly *"There's no one better than Mathevon to tell us about how diverse animals talk with one another and here's what he had to say about his new landmark, fact-based book, which is a lot of fun to read. His enthusiasm is contagious!"---Marc Bekoff, Psychology Today"The language flows easily and important scientific concepts, often complex in nature, are seamlessly woven into an entertaining story."---David Gascoigne, Travels with Birds"A significant contribution to the art of aural animal science."---Eric Brown, News Shopper: Wild Things"This is an excellent book full of fascinating facts, full of detail, but always very readable."---Patricia MacDuff, British Naturalists Association Bulletin"Excellent."---Marc Weidenbaum, The Wire

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Finalist for the PROSE Award in History of Science, Medicine, and Technology, Association of American Publishers""Clearly written and beautifully detailed, this book will be of interest to psychologists, neuroscientists, and anthropologists at all levels of expertise interested in issues of self-recognition or misidentification between the self and other."---Saira Khan, Quarterly Review of Biology

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Book SynopsisAs a model organism, the chick has provided valuable insights into broad issues of development in higher animals. The complex interactions between genetic, hormonal and environmental factors which occur in the developing chick provide a potent argument against unitary causal explanations for differences in behaviour. Study of the behaviour of the chick is also relevant to poultry science and the welfare of domesticated birds. This book reviews research on the development of brain and behaviour in the chick and juxtaposes this with similar work on other avian and, to a lesser extent, mammalian species. It begins by outlining the developmental stages of the chick embryo, including the effects of environmental stimulation. Behaviour and the neurochemistry of development and memory formation in the posthatching period are then discussed. The transitions that occur during the first two to three weeks of posthatching life are described, particularly in terms of changing hemispheric dominanceTable of Contents1: Development of brain and behaviour before hatching 2: Development of the central nervous system and activity patterns 3: Hatching 4: Development of the sensory systems 5: Environmental influences on development of the embryo 6: Tactile and vestibular stimulation 7: Auditory stimulation 8: Visual stimulation 9: Other factors that may influence development of the embryo 10: Intersensory stimulation during development 11: Early learning after hatching 12: Filial imprinting 13: Sexual imprinting 14: Fear behaviour 15: Alarm calling 16: Learning to feed 17: Social hierarchies in young chicks 18: Sleep 19: Cycles of Behaviour 20: Brain development after hatching 21: Asymmetrical development of the forebrain hemispheres 22: Cellular and molecular correlates of memory formation 23: Development of the commissures and decussations 24: Maturation of synapses 25: Behavioural transitions in early posthatching life 26: Transitions in general behaviour 27: Transitions in fear behaviour 28: Transitions in behaviours related to feeding 29: Transitions in eye and ear use 30: Summary of the rapid transition phases of development 31: Transitions into adult behaviour 32: Comparison with development in other species 33: Comparison to other avian species 34: Comparison to mammalian species 35: Can a brain be domesticated? 36: Cognitive abilities of birds 37: Issues of animal welfare

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Book SynopsisIn recent years there has been an increasing interest in the topic of farm animal behaviour. This is partly an academic interest on the part of behavioural and animal scientists, but also stems from the more applied aspects of the subject as it relates to animal welfare. It is also now better appreciated that behaviour and welfare of animals have a significant impact on health and production. This book provides a thorough review of our knowledge of cattle behaviour and how this can contribute to improve the care, management and well-being of cattle. Examples are drawn from around the world, and while there is some emphasis on dairy cattle, mention is made of beef, dual-purpose or draught cattle where appropriate. All of the key topics such as social, reproductive and feeding behaviour are covered with thorough reviews of the research literature. The book represents a valuable work for advanced students and research workers in animal, dairy and veterinary sciences, as well as zoologistsTable of Contents1: Origin, evolutionary history and domestication of cattle 2: Maintenance behaviour 3: Social behaviour 4: Reproductive behaviour 5: Feeding behaviour 6: Maternal and calf behaviour and management 7: Behavioural responses to management systems 8: Human-cattle interactions 9: Training of cattle 10: Behavioural problems and solutions

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Book SynopsisThe subjects of stress and animal welfare are currently attracting immense interest. This book brings together a range of perspectives from biomedical research (including human health and animal models of human stress) on stress and welfare, and assesses new approaches to conceptualising and alleviating stress.Table of Contents1: Biological Response to Stress: Implications for Animal Welfare, G P Moberg, University of California, USA 2: Some Issues in the Interpretation of Behavioural Responses to Stress, J Rushen, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Canada 3: Neoroendocrine Responses to Stress, R L Matteri, J A Carroll and C J Dyer, University of Missouri, USA 4: The Metabolic Consequences of Stress: Targets for Stress and Priority of Nutrient Use, T H Elsasser et al., USDA, Agricultural Research Service, USA 5: Immune System Response to Stress, F Blecha, Kansas State University, USA 6: Hands-on and Hands-off Measurement of Stress, C J Cook et al., Horticultural and Food Research Institute of New Zealand, New Zealand 7: Accumulation and Long-Term Effects of Stress in Fish, C B Schreck, Oregon State University, USA 8: Chronic Intermittent Stress: A Model for the Study of Long Term Stressors, J Ladewig, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark 9: Quantifying Some Responses to Pain as a Stressor, D J Mellor, Massey University, New Zealand, C J Cook and K J Stafford, Horticultural and Food Research Institute of New Zealand, New Zealand 10: Multiple Factors Controlling Behaviour: Implications for Stress and Welfare, F Toates, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK 11: Chronic Social Stress: Studies in Nonhuman Primates, S P Mendoza, J P Capitanio and W A Mason, University of California, USA 12: Consequences of Stress During Development, D C Lay Jr., Iowa State University, USA 13: Early Developmental Influences of Experience on Behaviour, Temperament, and Stress, W A Mason, University of California, USA 14: Genetic Selection to Reduce Stress in Animals, T G Pottinger, NERC Institute of Freshwater Ecology, Windermere Laboratory, Cumbria, UK 15: Human-Animal Interactions and Animal Stress, P H Hemsworth and J L Barnett, Agriculture Victoria, Australia 16: Alleviating Stress in Zoo Animals with Environmental Enrichment, K Carlstead, National Zoological Park, Washington, USA and D Shepherdson, Oregon Zoo, USA 17: Understanding the Role of Stress in Animal Welfare: Practical Considerations, T L Wolfle, formerly of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, USA

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Book SynopsisAn understanding of social behaviour is increasingly necessary in farm animal husbandry as more animals are housed in groups rather than in individual stalls or pens. There may be economic or welfare reasons for such housing. This book is the first to specifically address this important subject. The chapters fall into three broad subject areas: concepts in social behaviour; species specific chapters; current issues. Authors include leading experts from Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand.- Animal welfare/behaviour issues are becoming increasingly important- Combines theoretical and practical details about the social behaviour of our most common farm species- Written by leading experts from around the worldTable of Contents1: Introduction Part I: Concepts in social behaviour 2: Living in groups: An evolutionary perspective, M Mendl and S Held, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol 3: Group life, C Lindberg, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol 4: Parent behaviour, P Jensen, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 5: The evolution and domestication of social behaviour, W R Stricklin, Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland Part II: The social behaviour of domestic species 6: The social behaviour of cattle, M F Bouissou, INRA, Nouzilly, France, et al 7: The social behaviour of pigs, H W Gonyou, Prairie Swine Centre, Saskatchewan, Canada 8: Social behaviour of domestic birds, J Mench, Department of Animal Science, University of California and L Keeling 9: The social behaviour of sheep, A Fisher and L Matthews, AgResearch, Ruakura Agricultural Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand 10: The social behaviour of horses, N Waran, Institute of Ecology & Resource Management, University of Edinburgh 11: Social behaviour of fish, E Brännäs, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea Part III: Contemporary topics in social behaviour 12: Breaking social bonds, R Newberry Washington State University and J Swanson, Kansas State University, USA 13: Individual differences and personality, H Erhard, Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Aberdeen and W Schouten, Wageningen University, The Netherlands 14: People as social actors in the world of farm animals, J Rushen, Agricultural & Agri-Food Canada, Lennoxville, Canada, et al 15: Social cognition of farm animals, S Millman, Humane Society of the US, Washington DC and I Duncan, Department of Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Canada

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Book SynopsisWelfare research has established a range of scientific indicators of stress, welfare and suffering in animals that can be applied to all aspects of improving their welfare through good housing and management, and the topic continues to grow in importance among both professionals and the public.The practical focus of this authoritative, comprehensive encyclopedia aims to promote the understanding and improvement of animals' behaviour without compromising welfare. Under the editorial direction of Professor Daniel Mills, the UK's first specialist in veterinary behavioural medicine, over 180 international experts have contributed a wealth of fully cross-referenced entries from concise definitions to detailed short essays on biological, practical, clinical and ethical aspects of behaviour and welfare in domestic, exotic, companion and zoo animals.Table of Contents1: Abandoned Animals 2: Breeding 3: Central Nervous System 4: Confinement 5: Dominance 6: Environment 7: Feeding 8: Grazing Behaviour 9: Hierarchy 10: Immune Systems 11: Laying Hen Housing 12: Maternal Behaviour 13: Nursing 14: Operant Tests 15: Parental Behaviour 16: Rearing Environment 17: Sexual Behaviour 18: Slaughter 19: Transport 20: Ultrasound 21: Vision 22: Wildlife Management 23: Zoo

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Book SynopsisKnown for both its narrative style and scientific rigor, Principles of Behavior is the premier introduction to behavior analysis. Through an exploration of experimental, applied, and theoretical concepts, the author summarizes the key conversations in the field, bringing the content to life using humorous and engaging language. The textâs tried-and-true pedagogy makes the content as clear as possible without oversimplifying the concepts. Key features of this book include: Study objectives, key terms, and review questions that encourage students to check their understanding before moving on. Real-world examples and case studies illustrating key concepts and principles. New enrichment sections, demonstrating the way in which the principles of behavior can help us make sense of our everyday lives. This is an essential resource for both introductory and intermediate courses in behavior analysis. It is carefully tailored to the length of a standard academic semester and how behavior analysis courses are taught, with each section corresponding to a weekâs worth of coursework. The text can also function as the first step in a studentâs journey into becoming a professional behavior analyst at the BA, MA, or PhD/EdD level. Each chapter of the text is integrated with the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) task list, serving as an excellent primer to many of the BACB tasks.

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Book SynopsisIn the second edition of this fascinating book an international team of experts have been brought together to explore all major areas of fish learning, including: Foraging skills Predator recognition Social organisation and learning Welfare and pain Three new chapters covering fish personality, lateralisation, and fish cognition and fish welfare, have been added to this fully revised and expanded second edition. Fish Cognition and Behavior, Second Edition contains essential information for all fish biologists and animal behaviorists and contains much new information of commercial importance for fisheries managers and aquaculture personnel. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where biological sciences, fisheries and aquaculture are studied and taught will find it an important addition to their shelves.Trade Review“With the inclusion of new aspects and the update of the content of the first edition this book is a must for all researchers in the field of fish behaviour and interaction.” (Bulletin of Fish Biology, 1 October 2011) “Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals.” (Choice, 1 March 2012)Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgements xv Series Foreword xvi List of Contributors xix 1 Fish Cognition and Behaviour 1 Brown, Laland and Krause 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Contents of this book 3 References 9 2 Learning of Foraging Skills by Fish 10 Warburton and Hughes 2.1 Introduction 10 2.2 Some factors affecting the learning process 12 2.2.1 Reinforcement 12 2.2.2 Drive 12 2.2.3 Stimulus attractiveness 12 2.2.4 Exploration and sampling 14 2.2.5 Attention and simple association 14 2.2.6 Cognition 15 2.2.7 Memory systems and skill transfer 18 2.3 Patch use and probability matching 19 2.4 Performance 21 2.5 Tracking environmental variation 23 2.6 Competition 26 2.7 Learning and fish feeding: some applications 27 2.8 Conclusions 27 Acknowledgements 28 References 29 3 Learned Defences and Counterdefences in Predator–Prey Interactions 36 Kelley and Magurran 3.1 Introduction 36 3.2 The predator–prey sequence 38 3.2.1 Encounter 39 3.2.1.1 Avoiding dangerous habitats 39 3.2.1.2 Changing activity patterns 40 3.2.2 Detection 41 3.2.2.1 Crypsis 42 3.2.2.2 Sensory perception 42 3.2.3 Recognition 43 3.2.3.1 Associative learning 43 3.2.3.2 Learning specificity 44 3.2.3.3 Search images 45 3.2.3.4 Aposematism and mimicry 46 3.2.4 Approach 47 3.2.4.1 Pursuit deterrence 47 3.2.4.2 Gaining information about the predator 47 3.2.4.3 Social learning 47 3.2.4.4 Habituation 49 3.2.5 Evasion 49 3.2.5.1 Reactive distance and escape speed and trajectory 50 3.2.5.2 Survival benefits/capture success 50 3.3 Summary and discussion 51 Acknowledgements 52 References 53 4 Learning about Danger: Chemical Alarm Cues and Threat-Sensitive Assessment of Predation Risk by Fishes 59 Brown, Ferrari and Chivers 4.1 Introduction 59 4.2 Chemosensory cues as sources of information 60 4.2.1 Learning, innate responses and neophobia 60 4.2.2 Learned predator recognition through conditioning with alarm cues 62 4.3 Variable predation risk and flexible learning 62 4.3.1 Assessing risk in time 64 4.3.2 Sensory complementation and threat-sensitive learning 65 4.4 Generalisation of risk 66 4.4.1 Generalising of predator cues 66 4.4.2 Generalisation of non-predator cues 67 4.5 Predator recognition continuum hypothesis 68 4.5.1 Ecological selection for innate versus learned recognition of predators 69 4.5.2 Ecological selection for generalised learning 69 4.6 Retention: the forgotten component of learning 70 4.7 Conservation, management and learning 72 4.7.1 Conditioning predator recognition skills 72 4.7.2 Anthropogenic constraints 73 4.7.3 Field-based studies 73 4.8 Conclusions 74 Acknowledgements 74 References 74 5 Learning and Mate Choice 81 Witte and Nöbel 5.1 Introduction 81 5.2 Sexual imprinting 82 5.2.1 Does sexual imprinting promote sympatric speciation in fishes? 82 5.3 Learning after reaching maturity 83 5.4 Eavesdropping 84 5.4.1 Eavesdropping and mate choice 84 5.4.2 Benefits of eavesdropping 84 5.4.3 The audience effect 85 5.5 Mate-choice copying 87 5.5.1 Mate-choice copying – first experimental evidence and consequence 88 5.5.2 Mate-choice copying – evidence from the wild 89 5.5.3 Mate-choice copying when living in sympatry or allopatry 91 5.5.4 Mate-choice copying – the role of the early environment 92 5.5.5 Quality of the model fish 93 5.6 Social mate preferences overriding genetic preferences 94 5.6.1 Indications from guppies 94 5.6.2 Indications from sailfin mollies 95 5.7 Cultural evolution through mate-choice copying 96 5.8 Does mate-choice copying support the evolution of a novel male trait? 96 5.8.1 Theoretical approaches 97 5.8.2 Experimental approaches 98 5.9 Is mate-choice copying an adaptive mate-choice strategy? 99 5.9.1 Benefits of mate-choice copying 99 5.9.2 Costs of mate-choice copying 100 5.10 Outlook 101 5.11 Conclusions 102 References 102 6 Aggressive Behaviour in Fish: Integrating Information about Contest Costs 108 Hsu, Earley and Wolf 6.1 Introduction 108 6.2 Information about resource value 110 6.3 Information about contest costs 110 6.3.1 Assessing fighting ability 111 6.3.2 Information from past contests 113 6.3.2.1 Winner and loser effects 113 6.3.2.2 Individual recognition 117 6.3.2.3 Social eavesdropping 117 6.3.3 Integrating different types of cost-related information 118 6.4 Physiological mechanisms 119 6.5 Conclusions and future directions 126 Acknowledgements 128 References 128 7 Personality Traits and Behaviour 135 Budaev and Brown 7.1 Introduction 135 7.2 Observation and description of personality 137 7.2.1 Current terminology 137 7.2.1.1 Shyness–boldness 138 7.2.1.2 Coping styles 140 7.2.1.3 Behavioural syndromes 140 7.2.2 Objectivity 140 7.2.3 Labelling personality traits; construct validity 142 7.2.4 Objective and subjective measurements of personality 142 7.2.5 Modern terminology and statistical approaches 145 7.3 Proximate causation 146 7.4 Ontogeny and experience 149 7.5 Is personality adaptive? 150 7.5.1 Frequency- and density-dependent selection 150 7.5.2 State-dependent models 151 7.6 Evolution 153 7.7 Wider implications 155 7.7.1 Fish production and reproduction 155 7.7.2 Personality and population dynamics 155 7.8 Conclusions 156 Acknowledgements 157 References 157 8 The Role of Learning in Fish Orientation 166 Odling-Smee, Simpson and Braithwaite 8.1 Introduction 166 8.2 Why keep track of location? 166 8.3 The use of learning and memory in orientation 167 8.4 Learning about landmarks 168 8.5 Compass orientation 171 8.6 Water movements 172 8.7 Inertial guidance and internal ‘clocks’ 173 8.8 Social cues 174 8.9 How flexible is orientation behaviour? 174 8.9.1 When to learn? 174 8.9.2 What to learn? 175 8.9.3 Spatial learning capacity 176 8.10 Salmon homing – a case study 177 8.11 Conclusion 179 Acknowledgements 179 References 180 9 Social Recognition of Conspecifics 186 Griffiths and Ward 9.1 Introduction 186 9.2 Recognition of familiars 186 9.2.1 Laboratory studies of familiarity 187 9.2.2 Mechanisms of familiarity recognition 187 9.2.3 Functions of associating with familiar fish 191 9.2.4 Familiarity in free-ranging fishes 194 9.2.5 Determinants of familiarity 195 9.3 Familiarity or kin recognition? 196 9.3.1 Kin recognition theory 196 9.3.2 Evidence for kin recognition from laboratory studies 200 9.3.3 Advantages of kin discrimination 201 9.3.4 Kin association in the wild 201 9.3.5 Explaining the discrepancies between laboratory and field 203 9.3.6 Kin avoidance 205 9.4 Conclusion 206 References 207 10 Social Organisation and Information Transfer in Schooling Fish 217 Ioannou, Couzin, James, Croft and Krause 10.1 Introduction 217 10.2 Collective motion 218 10.3 Emergent collective motion in the absence of external stimuli 219 10.4 Response to internal state and external stimuli: Information processing within schools 220 10.4.1 Collective response to predators 220 10.4.2 Mechanisms and feedback in information transfer 222 10.4.3 Information transfer during group foraging and migration 225 10.5 Informational status, leadership and collective decision-making in fish schools 225 10.6 The structure of fish schools and populations 227 10.7 Social networks and individual identities 229 10.8 Community structure in social networks 232 10.9 Conclusions and future directions 233 Acknowledgements 234 References 234 11 Social Learning in Fishes 240 Brown and Laland 11.1 Introduction 240 11.2 Antipredator behaviour 241 11.3 Migration and orientation 244 11.4 Foraging 247 11.5 Mate choice 248 11.6 Aggression 249 11.7 Trade-offs in reliance on social and asocial sources of information 250 11.8 Concluding remarks 252 Acknowledgements 252 References 252 12 Cooperation and Cognition in Fishes 258 Alfieri and Dugatkin 12.1 Introduction 258 12.2 Why study cooperation in fishes? 259 12.3 Cooperation and its categories 261 12.3.1 Category 1 – kin selection 261 12.3.1.1 Cognition and kin selection 261 12.3.1.2 Example of kin selected cooperation: Cooperative breeding 262 12.3.1.3 Example of kin selected cooperation: Conditional territory defence 262 12.3.2 Category 2 – reciprocity 263 12.3.2.1 Cognition and reciprocity 264 12.3.2.2 Example of reciprocity: Egg trading 265 12.3.2.3 Example of reciprocity: Predator inspection 266 12.3.2.4 Example of reciprocity: Interspecific cleaning behaviour 267 12.3.3 Category 3 – by-product mutualism 268 12.3.3.1 Cognition and by-product mutualism 268 12.3.3.2 Example of by-product mutualism: Cooperative foraging 269 12.3.4 Category 4 – trait group selection 270 12.3.4.1 Cognition and trait group selection 270 12.3.4.2 Example of trait group selected cooperation: Predator inspection 270 12.4 Conclusion 271 Acknowledgements 272 References 272 13 Machiavellian Intelligence in Fishes 277 Bshary 13.1 Introduction 277 13.2 Evidence for functional aspects of Machiavellian intelligence 279 13.2.1 Information gathering about relationships between other group members 279 13.2.2 Predator inspection 280 13.2.3 Group-living cichlids 281 13.2.4 Machiavellian intelligence in cleaning mutualisms 283 13.2.4.1 Categorisation and individual recognition of clients 283 13.2.4.2 Building up relationships between cleaners and resident clients 284 13.2.4.3 Use of tactile stimulation by cleaners to manipulate client decisions and reconcile after conflicts 284 13.2.4.4 Audience effects in response to image scoring and tactical deception 285 13.2.4.5 Punishment by males during pair inspections 285 13.3 Evidence for cognitive mechanisms in fishes 286 13.3.1 What cognitive abilities might cleaners need to deal with their clients? 286 13.3.2 Other cognitive mechanisms 287 13.4 Discussion 288 13.4.1 Future avenues I: How Machiavellian is fish behaviour? 289 13.4.2 Future avenues II: Relating Machiavellian-type behaviour to brain size evolution 290 13.4.3 Extending the Machiavellian intelligence hypothesis to general social intelligence 291 Acknowledgements 291 References 291 14 Lateralization of Cognitive Functions in Fish 298 Bisazza and Brown 14.1 Introduction 298 14.2 Lateralized functions in fish 300 14.2.1 Antipredator behavior 300 14.2.1.1 Predator inspection 301 14.2.1.2 Predator evasion 302 14.2.1.3 Fast escape response 303 14.2.2 Mating behavior 304 14.2.3 Aggression 304 14.2.4 Shoaling and social recognition 304 14.2.5 Foraging behavior 306 14.2.6 Exploration and response to novelty 306 14.2.7 Homing and spatial abilities 307 14.2.8 Communication 307 14.3 Individual differences in lateralization 308 14.3.1 Hereditary basis of lateralization 308 14.3.2 Sex differences in lateralization 309 14.3.3 Environmental factors influencing development of lateralization 310 14.3.4 Lateralization and personality 311 14.4 Ecological consequences of lateralization of cognitive functions 312 14.4.1 Selective advantages of cerebral lateralization 312 14.4.2 Costs of cerebral lateralization 314 14.4.3 Maintenance of intraspecific variability in the degree of lateralization 316 14.4.4 Evolutionary significance of population biases in laterality 316 14.5 Summary and future research 317 Acknowledgements 318 References 319 15 Brain and Cognition in Teleost Fish 325 Broglio, Gómez, Durán, Salas and Rodríguez 15.1 Introduction 325 15.2 Classical conditioning 327 15.2.1 Delay motor classical conditioning and teleost fish cerebellum 328 15.2.2 Role of the teleost cerebellum and telencephalic pallium in trace motor classical conditioning 330 15.3 Emotional learning 331 15.3.1 Role of the medial pallium in avoidance conditioning and taste aversion learning 332 15.3.2 Teleost cerebellum and fear conditioning 334 15.4 Spatial cognition 336 15.4.1 Allocentric spatial memory representations in teleost fishes 337 15.4.2 Role of the teleost telencephalon in egocentric and allocentric spatial navigation 340 15.4.3 Map-like memories and hippocampal pallium in teleost fishes 345 15.4.4 Neural mechanisms for egocentric spatial orientation 347 15.5 Concluding remarks 349 Acknowledgements 350 References 350 16 Fish Behaviour, Learning, Aquaculture and Fisheries 359 Fernö, Huse, Jakobsen, Kristiansen and Nilsson 16.1 Fish learning skills in the human world 359 16.2 Fisheries 362 16.2.1 Spatial dynamics 362 16.2.1.1 Learning skills and movement 362 16.2.1.2 Social learning of migration pattern 363 16.2.1.3 Implications of learning for fisheries management 366 16.2.2 Fish capture 367 16.2.2.1 Natural variations in spatial distribution and behaviour 369 16.2.2.2 Avoidance and attraction before fishing 369 16.2.2.3 Before physical contact with the gear 369 16.2.2.4 After physical contact with the gear 371 16.2.2.5 Behaviour after escaping the gear and long-term consequences 372 16.2.3 Abundance estimation 374 16.3 Aquaculture 375 16.3.1 Ontogeny 375 16.3.2 Habituation, conditioning and anticipation 376 16.3.3 Pavlovian learning – delay and trace conditioning 378 16.3.4 Potential use of reward conditioning in aquaculture 379 16.3.5 Operant learning 382 16.3.6 Individual decisions and collective behaviour 383 16.4 Stock enhancement and sea-ranching 384 16.5 Escapees from aquaculture 388 16.6 Capture-based aquaculture 389 16.7 Conclusions and perspectives 389 Acknowledgements 391 References 391 17 Cognition and Welfare 405 Sneddon 17.1 Introduction 405 17.1.1 Fish welfare 406 17.1.2 Preference and avoidance testing 407 17.1.3 Behavioural flexibility and intraspecific variation 408 17.2 What is welfare? 408 17.2.1 Sentience and consciousness 409 17.2.2 Cognition and welfare 410 17.3 What fishes want 410 17.3.1 Preference tests 411 17.3.1.1 Physical habitat 411 17.3.1.2 Breeding 413 17.3.1.3 Diet 413 17.3.1.4 Social interactions 414 17.4 What fishes do not want 416 17.5 Pain and fear in fish 417 17.6 Personality in fish 420 17.7 Wider implications for the use of fish 420 17.7.1 Aquaculture 421 17.7.2 Fisheries 425 17.7.3 Recreational fishing 425 17.7.4 Research 426 17.7.5 Companion fish 427 17.8 Conclusion 427 Acknowledgements 429 References 429 Species List 435 Index 443

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Book SynopsisWhat wouldn’t animal-loving humans do to create the perfect modern habitat for their cherished animals? Not surprisingly, pet owners are forever seeking ways to provide the best environment to make life for their pets as enjoyable and engaging as possible. Designing the perfect architecture and interiors for pets and animals of all shapes, sizes, species, and breeds is all about creating a seamless coexistence. Showcased here are heaps of fun and unique projects created by an inventive global design community. The charming, imaginative, and inspired interiors and architectural systems presented in this book offer a beautiful combination of aesthetics and creature comfort, be they for cats, dogs, birds, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, chickens, turtles, horses, and many others. This carefully curated selection includes not only ingenious yet elegant built-in cat ladders, scratchers, and walkways, and private dog nooks — even a noise-cancelling kennel for the most pampered of pooches — but also amazing modular mazes for the busiest cat, rabbit, guinea pig, or hamster, as well as beautiful, sculptural birdhouses and charming log-cabin-style chicken coops. It also features funky cat cafés and special shelter ideas to keep both human and animal creatures calm. This delightful book presents a lovable assortment of safe and sustainable pet-friendly projects, ideal for design- and animal-conscious folk who want to turn their interiors or workspaces into the most comfortable living/playpen environments for their beloved fur-babies (and other pets) to roam and rest.Table of Contents6 A Heartfelt Connection 10 CIRCLE OF LOVE 360 Villa 16 ON THE CATWALK Anti-earthquake Cat House 22 MI CASA, SU CASA NeconoMa 26 A WALK OF FUN Casa de Gatos 32 BOX-IN AND CHILL OUT pidan cat bed 36 GET CLIMBING Geometric Climber-6 Gratings (cat tree) 40 CHERRY ON THE CAKE Cupcake pet bed 44 SWINGING GOOD TIME Hammock pet bed 48 EARTH TO POOCH, OVER Heads or Tails 52 WHAT A SQUARE Cubic pet goods 56 FIT FOR ROYALTY Cat’s Moving Castle 60 HOME-IN-ONE D&C House 64 NOOK FOR POOCH Withrow Laneway House 70 PUSS IN BOOKS House for Booklovers and Cats 76 A CUT ABOVE Niku Rug (Architecture for Dogs) 80 ALL ACCESS PASS Sacha Apartment 84 AWAKEN THE WILD Juggernaut 88 CHAMBER OF SECRET FUN Neko Modern Cat Tree 92 CORRUGATED PARADISE Room Collection 98 FULL HOUSE Pets Playground 104 HAVING A BALL The Cube, The Ball 110 HOW ABOUT A LIFT? The Bed 114 KITTY FROM THE BLOCK Kitty Kasas Collection 118 SKIP TO MY LU(LU), MY DARLING Lulu bed 122 UNDERCOVER COMFORT Kikko table 126 SNORING IN STYLE Loue bed 130 THE HIGH LIFE Three Poles Cat Tower 134 COUCH PETATO Odense couch bed 136 YOURS AND MINE Oslo 138 IN DA HOUSE Small House Collection 142 BEAM ME UP KITTY MYZOO Spaceship cat bed 148 CATNAP CANOPY Canopy Bed 152 CAT-RIUM OF BEAMS Cat House 156 FUREVER FUR-FREE Bye Bye Fur 160 SNAIL CAVE Little Snail 164 LEVEL-UP AND LET LOOSE Cat Time Cat Tree 168 KITTY WALK-UP The Cat Flat 174 OH, BUSY ME(OW) MYZOO Busycat ottoman and shelf 180 OUT ON THE TABLE CATable 2.0 184 SHELVE IT Luna, Twinkle Star, and Moku 188 IT’S FETCHING BRILLIANT Fetch House (Architecture for Dogs) 192 OFF WITH HIS CAGE PAWD (Happy pet nesting space) 196 PEEKABOO, I SEE YOU Holey Moley 200 REFLECTIONS OF LOVE Yololand 204 IN THE CENTER OF IT ALL Sheridan Residence 208 UNDER THE BRIDGE sHome 212 HAVEN OF HARMONY Cats at Prince Charles 218 ELECTRIC WITHOUT WIRES Norrom Aquarium 222 Project Credits

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Book SynopsisCat Body Language looks at all the postures cats are likely to adopt in and around the home, both with other cats and with their owners. Using the psychology of cat behaviour, it explains how a cat is likely to react in stressful situations, such as during a visit to the vet, when it is ill, and before or after a fight. All the most common behavioural traits of cats are examined in detail, from raking the dirt in the backyard and kneading their paws while being stroked to chattering their teeth at flying birds and meowing when a can of food is opened. Also included is a whole section devoted to the cat’s most expressive body part – the tail. Cat Body Language is an easy-to-use reference guide that enables cat owners to read the signals their pets are giving through their body language. Cats are often regarded as being part of the family, and this book will help readers understand more about their quiet companions.

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Book SynopsisAnimal behavior studies are essential for various reasons, primarily in conservation, livestock and wildlife management, animal welfare, sustainable utilization of animal and human resources, and ultimately, enhancing our understanding of human behavior. Early on, these studies were mostly observational, until Lorenz, tin Bergen, and Frischs groundbreaking work catapulted the field into the Nobel laureates realm. This led to extensive research in several areas of animal behavior, including information acquisition (neuroethology) and transfer (communication), ecological aspects (habitat-related, foraging strategies, migration, predator-prey interactions, population ecology, etc.), socio-biology (parent-filial interaction, cooperation, and conflict, grouping and dispersion, social organization, etc.), reproductive strategies, evolutionary aspects (kin selection, altruism, life history strategies, etc.), physiology (behavioral endocrinology, rhythms, neurobiology), and applied behavior (conservation, animal welfare, livestock production, wildlife management, man-animal conflict, etc.).

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Book SynopsisStudies on animal behavior are vital for several reasons most importantly in connection with conservation, livestock and wildlife management, animal welfare, sustainable use of animal and human resources, and ultimately for better understanding of human behavior. In its formative stages, behavioral studies were mostly observational till the classic work of Lorenz, tin Bergen and Frisch catapulted them into Nobel laureates. This had a cascading effect on research on animal behavior resulting in intense studies in several areas of behavior mainly information acquisition neuroethology and transfer communication,ecological aspects habital related, foraging strategies, migration, predator-prey interactions, population ecology etc., socio-biology parent-filial interaction, co-operation & conflict, grouping & dispersion, social organization etc. reproductive strategies, evolutionary aspects kin selection, altruism, life history strategies etc., physiology behavioral endocrinology, rhythms, neurobiology and applied behavior conservation, animal welfare, livestock production, wild life management, man-animal conflict etc.Table of Contents1. Biological Clocks in Bats, Mice and Humans by Chandrashekaran, M.K 2. Education Scenario in India : Need for New Concepts and Region Oriented Focus by Debjani Roy 3. Behavioral Studies on Birds and Conservation by Lalitha Vijayan 4. The Functional Organization of an Insect Society by Raghavendra Gadagkar 5. Status, Distribution, Food and Feeding of Malabar Spiny Dormouse Platacanthomys lasiurus Blyth in the Western Ghats of Kerala by E.A. Jayson & K.M. Jayahari 6. The Science and art of Monitoring Wild Tigers by Ullas Karanth, K 7. Social Cognition in Primates: From Mental Representation to Distributed Cognition by Anindya Sinha 8. Signallers and Receivers: Sensory Ecology of Acoustic Communication in Crickets by Rohini Balakrishnan 9. Recent Trends in Ethology by Juliet Vanitharani 10. Parsimony in Insects by Geetha Bali 11. Localisation of Prey by Young and Adult Indian False Vampire Bats by Raghuram, H & G. Marimuthu 12. Molecular Approaches in Behavioural Ecology by Saikat Chakraborty 13. Habitat Use and Response of Brown-hawk Owl, Ninox scutulata to the Broadcast of Conspecific Calls by Babu, S.A. & E.A. Jayson 14. Effect of Environmental Factors and Typhoon's Flooding on the Population Dynamics of Benthic Fishes in Hapen Creek of Northern Taiwan byHema Krishnakumar, Hsiung Liang, Chi-Chang Liu & Yao-Sung Lin 15. Leaf-Selection and Tent Construction by the Indian Short-nosed Fruit Bat Cynopterus sphinx Chiroptera: Pteropodidae in the Palm, Borassus flabellifer by Rajasekar, R. & K. Sripathi 16. Bat Pollination Syndromes in few Species of Plants by Thiruchenthil Nathan, P., Irulan & G. Marimuthu 17. Movement of Coconut Eriophyid Mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer on Nut Surface: A Behavioural Study by Mallik, B., J. Jayappa & H. Guruprasad 18. Account of an Architect Queen by Maulishree Agrahari & Raghavendra Gadagkar 19. Behavioural Difference and Diversity of Males and Females of two Primitively Eusocial Wasps by Ruchira Sen & R. Gadagkar 20. Activity Patterns of Grey Jungle fowl, Gallus sonneratii at Gudalur Range in Theni Forest Division, Western Ghats, Tamilnadu, South India by Ramesh, N & M.C. Sathyanarayana 21. Analysis of Route Learning Ability of Climbing Perch, Anabas testusineus by Avinash, T.P., V.V. Binoy. & K. John Thomas 22. Predator Avoidance Behaviour of Naive Juveniles of Puntius Sarana: A Freshwater Fish by J. Shiron, V.V. Binoy & K.J.Thomas 23. Influence of Hunger on Food Stocking Behaviour of Climbing Perch, Anabas testudineus by Binoy, V.V. & K. John Thomas 24. Diel Activity and Diversity of Butterflies Visiting Nectar Host Plants in Dryland-scrub Ecosystem by Jayappa, J., M.muralikrishna, Revanna Revannavar, Mahadevappa, K. Devaraj, K. Chandrashekara & A.R.V. Kumar 25. Physiology of Behaviour of White Leghorn Chick Gallus domesticus Exposed to Pesticides by Sowmini Balakrishnan 26. Finding an Appropriate Index to Construct Dominance Hierarchies in the Primitively Eusocial Wasps, Ropalidia marginata and Ropalidia cyathiformis by Alok Bang, Sujata Deshpande, A. Sumana & Raghavendra Gadagkar 27. Scent Marking by Free-Ranging Dogs Canis familiaris by S.K. Pal 28. How do Workers of the Primitively Eusocial Wasp, Ropalidia marginata Detect the Presence of their Queens? by Anindita Bhadra, Priya L. Iyer, A. Sumana, Sujata A. Deshpande, Saubhik Ghosh & Raghavendra Gadagkar 29. Transition of an Aggressive Potential Queen to a Docile Queen in the Primitively Eusocial Wasp, Ropalidia marginata by Aniruddha Mitra & Raghavendra Gadagkar 30. An Observational Study on the Behaviour of Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes in Captivity at National Zoolgical Park Delhi Zoo by Samina H. Farooqi, Satish Kumar & H.S.A. Yahya 31. Stress-induced Behavioural Changes in a Novelty Test in the Domestic Chick by Reshma Shetty & Monika Sadananda 32. A Study on the Reproductive Physiology of a Captive Pair of Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes in National Zoological Park New Delhi, by Samina H.Farooqi., H.S.A. Yahya & Iqbal Perwez 33. Expression of Red/Green Color Sensitive Opsin in Chiroptera: A Prime Report by Kanagaraj, C. & K. Emmanuvel Rajan 34. Feeding behaviour of Cardamom Shoot and Fruit Borer Conogethes punctiferalis Guanee Larvae in Laboratory by Thyagaraj, N.E., P.K. Singh & A.K. Chakravarthy 35. Species Diversity of Rodents Collected from Bamboo Flowering Areas of Mizoram and their Feeding Behaviour by Azad Thakur N.S., A.N. Shylesha & D. Kumar 36. Developmental Behaviour of Rice Hispa, Dicladispa armigera Oliver Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae in Coastal Karnataka by Vijay Kumar, L., S. U. Patil. & A. K. Chakravarthy 37. Response of Pure Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Breeds to Feeding Methods and Feeding Sequences of Mulberry Varieties by Chinnaswamy, K.P., Changalarayappa, S. Fatima, K. Rashmi & N. Jagadish 38. Feeding Potential of Amblyseius herbicoloides Mcmurtry & Moraes Acari: Phytoseiidae on Selected Tetranychid Pest Mites by Sheeja, U.M. & N. Ramani 39. Foraging and Feeding Behavior of Indian Crested Porcupine Hystrix indica Kerr in Wild and Cultivated Areas of Western Ghats of Karnataka by Chakravarthy, A.K., A.C. Girish & N.R. Prasanna Kumar 40. Feeding Behaviour of Selected Insect Predators on Sugarcane Woolly Aphid, Ceratovacuna lonigera Zehnter Homoptera: Aphididae in South Karnataka, by Muniswamy Gowda, K. N., A. K. Chakravarthy & L. Vijay Kumar 41. Magnitude of Food Preference and Consumption by Soft-furred Field Rat, Millardia meltada Gray under Laboratory Conditions by Sakthivel, P. & P. Neelanarayanan 42. Oriental Responses of Shoot and Fruit Borer, Larvae, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee Pyralidae: Lepidoptera towards selected Plants in Laboratory by Chakravarthy, A.K., B.S. Basavaraju & E.Ganagappa 43. Foraging Behaviour of Honey Bee and its Role in Fruit Set in Cucumber by Bhat, N. S., H. S. Satish & H.M. Yashwant 44. An Inexpensive Technique for Mass Rearing of Pod Borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner by Shobha, A., M. Kumari & G.Bali 45. Diverse Feeding Trends in a Primitive Oribatid Mite, Archegozetes longisetosus Aoki Acari: Oribatei by Shiji, M.T. & N. Ramani 46. Prevention of Bird Damage to Maize Cobs by Shivashankar, T. 47. Biodiversity byA Biologist's Perspective by Krupanidhi, S. 48. Validation of Integrated Pest Management Modules for the Management of Shootfly in Rabi Sorghum by Balikai, R.A. 49. Mechanical Control of Red-headed Hairy Caterpillar, Amsacta albistriga in Groundnut by Ganiger, P.C. & V.T. Sannaveerappanavar 50. Bio-efficacy of Ready-mix Formulations of Insecticides Against Pigeon Pea Pod Borer Complex by Ganiger, P.C., D.W. Wadnerkar & M.Thippaiah 51. Seed Treatment as an Eco-Friendly Management Tactic for Suppression of Insect Pests in Sorghum by Balikai, R.A. 52. Eco-friendly Management of Rodent Pests Using Tanjore-bow Trap in Irrigated Rice Fields, Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu by Sakthivel, P., A. Bharathiraja & P. Neelanarayanan 53. Efficacy of Herbal Products Against Pigeon Pea Pod Borers by Nandihalli, B.S. 54. Management of Thrip Complex in Grape by Sunitha, N.D, S.B. Jagginavar, D.R. Patil & A.P. Biradar 55. Testing of Bt Products for the Management of Greater Wax Moth, Galleria mellonella L. by Vishwas, A.B. & Gavigowda 56. Bat Species Survey-An Effective Tool for Bat Conservation in Agasthiyamalai Biosphere Reserve by J Vanitharani & M U. S. 57. Relationship between Frequency of Bee Visits and Seed Set in Niger by Bhat, N. S., C.J. Nagaraja, S. Suma & A.B. Vishwas 58. Insect Biodiversity in Grape Ecosystem by Sunitha, N.D, S.B. Jagginavar, D.R. Patil & A.P. Biradar 59. Spermatophore Deposition and Sperm Transfer in an Oribatid Mite Scheloribates praeincisus interruptus Berlese Acari: Oribatei by Julie, E & N. Ramani 60. Behavioural Development of two forms of Sorghum Shoot bug, Peregrinus maidis Ashmead on Sorghum by V Kumar S.U. Patil & A.K. Chakravarthy 61. Reproductive Behaviour of Tetranychus neocaledonicus andre Acari: Tetranychidae infesting Moringa oleifera Lam by Sangeetha G. Kaimal & N. Ramani 62. Biology, Adult Emergence and Mating Behaviour of Melon Fly, Bactrocera Cucurbitae coquillett Diptera: Tephritidae by Shivayya, V., C.T. Ashok Kumar, A.K. Chakravarthy & A.H. Jayappa 63. Mating and Ovipositional Behavior of the Indian Uji Fly, Exorista bombycis Louis, a Parasitoid of the Mulberry Silkworm Bombyx mori. L by Fatima, S., C.Siddapaji, K.P.Chinnaswamy & K. Rashmi 64. Influence of Mating on the Temporal Oviposition Patterns of Helicoverpa armigera and Bombyx mori by Shobha, A. D. Manjula Kumari & Geetha Bali 65. Female Remating in Drosophila: Relationship between Frequency of Remating and Duration of Copulation by Chaya Kumari & S.R. Ramesh 66. Cold Blooded Love Behaviour in Insects and Freck Occurrence in Human Beings by M, K., M. Kanimozhi & Panjaly Ramaraj 67. Behavioural and Molecular Genetic Evidence of Mating Strategy in the Polygynous Mating Bat Cynopterus sphinx by Karuppudurai, T., N. Gopukumar & K. Sripathi 68. The Effect of Dark/Light Cycle on Mating Propensity and Productivity in Drosophila by Jyothi, H.K. & B.P. Harini 69. An Experimental Set Up to Study Mating in Captivity in the Primitively Eusocial Wasp, Ropalidia marginata by Swati Samudre, Rutuja Chitra Tarak, Ruchira Sen & Raghavendra Gadagkar 70. Dominant Deriving a Boost by Suppressing the Subordinate: A Study on a Primitively Eusocial Wasp, Ropalidia marginata by Vidhi Pareek & Raghavendra Gadagkar 71. Seasonal Variation in the Size of Nasal Gland in Two Sympatric Species of Hipposiderid Bats by Swami Doss, D.P.K. Sripathi & N. Gopukumar

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Book SynopsisTo wolf expert, Shaun Ellis, wolves aren’t just his work, they’re also his family. An extraordinary man, Shaun has been fascinated by wolves all his life, even living as part of a wild pack for two years with no human contact. What he gained was a unique and fascinating insight into their world, and that of our very own domestic dogs.Trade Review‘… riveting and awe-inspiring …’Booklist

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Trade ReviewIn Minding Animals...Marc Bekoff observes and describes animals as individuals at play, dreaming and grooming, in a book with both brains and a heart. * The Daily Telegraph *To find out about the rich emotional life of nonhuman species, read Minding Animals. * Natural History *Bekoff does a wonderful job showing the reader how learning and understanding and 'minding' animals and their behavior lead to recognition of their feelings as well. Using both his vast knowledge of animals and the observations made by other naturalists, Bekoff illustrates the minds, hearts, spirits and souls of the animal kingdom. * Biology Digest *Interweaving anecdotal stories, discussions of scientific research, and explorations into the philosophy and theology of our relationship with nature and other animals, Bekoff builds a case for the necessity of understanding animals and granting them mutual respect as 'other persons.' The conversational writing style makes for a highly accessible book. * Booklist *With this abundant narrative of Marc Bekoff a new age of intimacy between humans and animals has begun. The companionship, the play, the healing, the guidance, the protection provided by the animals, all these will be needed in the future as never before. Everyone should read Minding Animals, an amazingly thorough, delightful, and most important book. * Thomas Berry, author of The Dream of the Earth and The Great Work *For those of us who have immersed ourselves in the well being of life forms other than human, the fact that they communicate and have feelings is as natural and understandable as breathing. Through this lens we see clearly how their well being is intricately interconnected with our own. In Minding Animals Marc Bekoff has done a wonderful job of showing us how learning to understand and 'mind' animals and their behavior leads us to recognize their feelings as well. Through their layers, we find even more richness and joy of life as we glimpse into ever deeper parts of ourselves. This book is fun, inspiring, thought-provoking and educational! What a great mix! * Julia Butterfly Hill, author of The Legacy of Luna: The Story of a Tree, a Woman, and the Struggle to Save the Redwoods *Just as the best doctors attain detailed and compassionate knowledge of the uniqueness of each patient, so too do the best behavioral biologists * with Marc Bekoff prominently among themlearn to recognize each animal as a distinct individual with its own internal life and experiences. By minding animals, we obtain our best scientific understanding of their evolution and behavior.Stephen Jay Gould, author of The Structure of Evolutionary Theory *Except for relatively minor specializations that relate to whether we walk, run, fly or swim, all we vertebrate animals are physically stunningly similar. Most would also agree that the brain is an organ, as are stomachs, kidneys, and hearts, designed with functions and capacities useful for survival in often complex and indirect ways. There is no evidence, however, that what the brain does differs fundamentally across various species of vertebrates. Differences are in degree with respect to specific functions. In this readable, wide-ranging, and very stimulating book, Marc Bekoff takes this larger holistic view as a basis for a passionate exploration of how we should treat, and what we owe, our fellow-vertebrate creatures, who likely have many emotional and sensory survival mechanisms similar to our own. * Bernd Heinrich, University of Vermont, author of Mind of the Raven *Bekoff is an ethologist: a scientist who studies animal behavior. In this new look at the consciousness of animals, he shares his experiences along with the nitty-gritty details of how animal behaviorists make their living. But Bekoff goes beyond a mere description of the science of ethology. He also tackles bigger issues, such as the questions of animal cognition, intelligence, and their emotional lives. Bekoff has a talent for making his points by leading readers through the evidence for and against an issue and guiding them to a conclusion. Interweaving anecdotal stories, discussions of scientific research, and explorations into the philosophy and theology of our relationship with nature and other animals, Bekoff builds a case for the necessity of understanding animals and granting them mutual respect as 'other persons.' The conversational writing style makes for a highly accessible book. * SciTech Book News *

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Book SynopsisThis book sumarizes current scientific knowledge of the Australian Zebra Finch, a bird popular with scientists and hobbyists throughout the world. It builds up a complete picture of the biology of the species, integrating findings from the laboratory with those from the wild, with emphasis on behaviour and ecology.Trade ReviewThe text is large and readable. Each chapter is thoughtfully written and meticulously researched ... an essential reference for both the researcher and enthusiast alike. This book is sure to have popular appeal. As one who studies Zebra Finches, I will not be attempting any future research without first consulting this vital laboratory and field companion. * Jim Reynolds, IBIS, 1997 *This volume presents a comprehensive review of the behaviour and ecology of the zebra finch. * Biological Abstracts, vol.49, issue 8, August 1997 *Table of Contents1. Systematics and phylogeny ; 2. Distribution and habitat ; 3. Morphology, domestication, and moult ; 4. Feeding ecology ; 5. Drinking, water relations, and temperature regulation ; 6. Coloniality and breeding ecology ; 7. Breeding periodicity ; 8. Populations ; 9. Social and reproductive behaviour ; 10. Vocalizations ; 11. Song ; 12. Sexual selection and mate choice ; 13. Life history and adaptations ; Appendices ; References ; Index

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Book SynopsisSynthesises and analyses the masses of data on the behavioural ecology of harriers. This work offers a comparison of breeding systems among harriers in the northern and southern hemispheres, and includes a phylogeny of the harriers, based on DNA findings. It is illustrated with line drawings of these impressive birds.Trade Review... the book is remarkably compact, written in an engaging and easily accessible style, and features many beautiful line drawings by the authors twin brother, John ... We recommend that everyone with even a passing interest in how and why birds do what they do, as well as all those who take study of behaviour, ecology and evolution more seriously, should add this volume to their bookshelves....a book that is full of ideas and insight. * IBIS *Table of ContentsPreface ; 1. Introduction: Changing perspectives - from natural history to behavioural ecology ; 2. Evolution and peculiarities of the harriers ; 3. Aerial displays: Mate choice and reverse dimorphism ; 4. Of mice and harriers: Who wins the arms race? ; 5. Mating patterns: Polygyny and deception ; 6. Copulation patterns and sperm depletion ; 7. Sex ratio and egg size manipulation ; 8. Food and reproduction in the tropics ; 9. Clutch size and latitude ; 10. Synthesis ; References ; Index

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Book SynopsisThroughout their lives animals must complete many tasks, including finding food, avoiding predators, attracting mates, and navigating through a complex and dynamic environment. Consequently, they have evolved a staggering array of sensory organs that are fundamental to survival and reproduction and shape much of their evolution and behaviour. Sensory ecology deals with how animals acquire, process, and use information in their lives, and the sensory systems involved. It investigates the type of information that is gathered by animals, how it is used in a range of behaviours, and the evolution of such traits. It deals with both mechanistic questions (e.g. how sensory receptors capture information from the environment, and how the physical attributes of the environment affect information transmission) and functional questions (e.g. the adaptive significance of the information used by the animal to make a decision). Recent research has dealt more explicitly with how sensory systems are involved with and even drive evolutionary change, including the formation of new species.Sensory Ecology, Behaviour, and Evolution provides a broad introduction to sensory ecology across a wide range of taxonomic groups, covering all the various sensory modalities (e.g. sound, visual, chemical, magnetic, and electric) relating to diverse areas spanning anti-predator strategies, foraging, mate choice, navigation and more, with the aim being to illustrate key principles and differences. This accessible textbook is suitable for senior undergraduates, graduate students, and professional academics taking courses or conducting research in sensory ecology/biology, neuroethology, behavioural and evolutionary ecology, communication, and signalling. It will also be of relevance and use to psychologists interested in sensory information and behaviour.Trade ReviewThis book is an ambitious and successful attempt to integrate mechanistic and functional aspects of communication by the authors ... essential reading. * Tim Caro, The Quarterly Review of Biology *Table of ContentsPART 1: INTRODUCTION; PART 2: SENSORY PROCESSING; PART 3: COMMUNICATION; PART 4: DIVERSIFICATION AND DIVERGENCE; PART 5: CONCLUSIONS

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Book SynopsisApplying models of economic theory to evolutionary ecology has become a growing area of research in which games and markets play an important role. This volume takes a multi-disciplinary approach to compare economic behaviour in humans and other animals. It is aimed at evolutionary biologists, anthropologists, psychologists and economists.Trade Review'This book provides an excellent insight into the economics of biological markets in behavour.' Mark Fellowes, Biologist'… an excellent book, and one that may mark an important change in the way we describe, and more importantly think about, natural systems involving partner choice.' Tom Sherratt, Animal Behaviour'… an excellent insight into the economics of biological markets in behaviour and while mainly of interest to evolutionary ecologists and anthropologists, it deserves to be dipped into by a wider audience.' Mark Fellowes, Biologist'This book deserves to be widely read, especially by those interested in cooperative behaviour, and so should increase awareness and stimulate more applications of the market approach.' International Society for Behavioural Ecology Newsletter'The structure of the information presentation in the book is excellent. In addition, the authors and editors have been very successful in producing a writing style that combines the detail for specialists and the ease-of-reading necessary for the lay population. The information is not only scientifically thought-provoking but it can serve as a basis for advanced level discussion groups or seminars in behavioral science. In this sense one can only congratulate the authors and editors of the volume on their job well performed.' EthologyTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Games and markets: economic behaviour in humans and other animals Peter Hammerstein; Part I. Economic Behavior in Social Networks: 2. Social dilemmas and human behaviour Elinor Ostrom; 3. Cooperation and collective action in animal behaviour Charles Nunn and Rebecca J. Lewis; 4. Conflict, reconciliation and negotiation in non-human primates: the value of long-term relationships Jan A. R. A. M Van Hooff; Part II. Biological Markets: 5. Biological markets: partner choice as the driving force behind the evolution of mutualisms Ronald Noë; 6. The utility of grooming in baboon troops Louise Barrett and Peter S. Henzi; 7. The cleaner fish market Redouan Bshary; 8. Modeling interspecific mutualisms as biological markets Jason D. Hoeksema and Mark W. Schwartz; Part III. Mating Markets: 9. Human mate choice strategies Boguslaw Pawlowski and Robin I. M. Dunbar; 10. How does mate choice contribute to exaggeration and diversity in sexual characters? Andrew Pomiankowski and Yoh Iwasa; 11. Information about sperm competition and the economics of sperm allocation Geoffrey A. Parker and Mike A. Ball; 12. The economics of male mating strategies Robin I. M. Dunbar.

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Book SynopsisChimpanzees and bonobos, otherwise known as pygmy chimpanzees, exhibit an amazing diversity of social behaviours. This fascinating book reviews the most recent field studies in this area and is aimed at researchers and students working in the fields of primatology, anthropology and zoology.Trade Review'This is an excellent book on the state of the art and I recommend it to you. It contains new data, evaluates old theories, proposes new ideas, indicates the limits of our knowledge and demonstrates that data always trump theory, no matter how seductive the logic.' Ethology'Certainly the calibre of the editorship and contributing authors augers well for the quality of the resulting volume which is divided into five parts: Behavioural flexibility; Social relations; Female strategies, Hunting and food sharing; Genetic diversity.' Primate Eye'Most primatologists will find something of interest and value in this edited volume, and at the unusually low price at which it is offered, I can recommend it highly.' Folia PrimatologicaTable of ContentsPreface G. Hohmann, C. Boesche and L. F. Marchant; Main introduction C. Boesche; Part I. Behavioural Flexibility: Introduction T. Matsuzawa; 1. Multivariate and phylogenetic approaches to understanding chimpanzee and bonobo behavioural diversity D. M. Doran, W. L. Jungers, Y. Sugiyama, J. G. Fleagle and C. P. Heesy; 2. Chimpanzees in the dry habitats of Mont Assirik, Senegal and Semliki Wildlife Reserve, Uganda K. D. Hunt and W. C. McGrew; 3. Behavioural adaptations to water scarcity in Tongo chimpanzees A. Lanjouw; 4. Bonobos of the Lukuru Wildlife Research Project J. Myers-Thompson; 5. Grooming-hand-clasp in Mahale M Group chimpanzees: implications for culture in social behaviours M. Nakamura; Part II. Social Relations: Introduction V. Reynolds; 6. Factors influencing fission-fusion grouping in chimpanzees in the Tai National Park, Cote d'Ivoire D. P. Anderson, E. V. Nordheim and C. Boesch; 7. Ecological and social correlates of chimpanzee party size and composition J. C. Mitani, D. P. Watts and J. S. Lwanga; 8. Agonistic relations among Kanyawara chimpanzees M. N. Muller; 9. Relationships of male chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest, Uganda N. E. Newton-Fisher; 10. Dynamics in social organisation of bonobos (Pan paniscus) G. Hohmann and B. Fruth; Part III. Female Strategies: The Females That Did Evolve: Introduction M. F. Small; 11. Why female bonobos have a lower copulation rate during estrus than chimpanzees T. Furuichi and C. Hashimoto; 12. Social relationships between cycling females and adult males in Mahale chimpanzees A. Matsumoto-Oda; 13. Seasonal aspects of reproduction and sexual behaviour in two chimpanzee populations: a comparison of Gombe (Tanzania) and Budongo (Uganda) J. Wallis; 14. Costs and benefits of grouping for female chimpanzees at Gombe J. M. Williams, H.-Y. Liu and A. E. Pusey; 15. The cost of sexual attraction: is there a trade-off in female Pan between sex appeal and received coercion? R. Wrangham; Part IV. Hunting and Food Sharing: Introduction L. F. Marchant; 16. Variations in chimpanzee–red colobus interactions C. Boesch, S. Uehara and H. Ihobe; 17. How bonobos handle hunts and harvests: why share food? B. Fruth and G. Hohmann; 18. Hunting and meat sharing by chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda D. P. Watts and J. C. Mitani; Part V. Genetic Diversity: 19. The evolutionary genetics and molecular ecology of chimpanzees and bonobos B. J. Bradley and L. Vigilant; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisPredator sensitive foraging is about balancing the need to eat against the need to avoid being eaten. Eat or be Eaten explores all the available information from fieldwork and the laboratory to broaden our understanding of this complex but fascinating field.Trade Review"Succinct...each [paper] is short and to the point, with a clear empirical focus and a commendably uniform format. This book [provides] a very useful compendium of knowledge." EcoscienceTable of ContentsPreface; 1. An introduction to predator sensitive foraging Lynne E. Miller; Part I. Biological Variables: 2. Dangers in the dark: are some nocturnal primates afraid of the dark? Simon K. Bearder, K. A. I. Nekaris and Courtney A. Buzzell; 3. Predation sensitive foraging in captive tamarins Mark J. Prescott and Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith; 4. Seeing red: consequence of individual differences in color vision in callitrichid primates Nancy G. Caine; 5. Predator sensitive foraging in Thomas langurs Elisabeth H. M. Sterck; Part II. Social Variables: 6. The role of group size in predator sensitive foraging decisions for wedge-capped capuchin monkeys (Cebus olivaceous) Lynne E. Miller; 7. Group size effects on predation sensitive foraging in wild ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) Michelle L. Sauther; 8. Species differences in feeding in Milne Edward's sifakas (Propithecus diadema edwardsi), rufus lemurs (Eulemur fulvus rufus) and red-bellied lemurs (Eulemur rubriventer) in southeastern Madagascar: implications for predator avoidance Deborah J. Overdorff, Suzanne G. Strait and Ryan G. Seltzer; 9. Evidence of predator sensitive foraging and traveling in single- and mixed-species tamarin troops Paul A. Garber and Julio Cesar Bicca-Marques; 10. Predator (in)sensitive foraging in sympatric female vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops) and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas): a test of ecological models of group dispersion Lynne A. Isbell and Karen L. Enstam; 11. Predation risk and anti-predator adaptions in white-faced sakis (Pithecia pithecia) Terrence M. Gleason and Marilyn A. Norconk; Part III. Environmental Variables: 12. Foraging female baboons exhibit similar patterns of antipredator vigilance across two populations Russell A. Hill and Guy Cowishaw; 13. Foraging and safety in adult female blue monkeys in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya Marina Cords; 14. Predicting predation risk for foraging arboreal monkeys Adrian Treves; 15. Predator sensitive foraging in ateline primates Anthony Di Fiore; 16. Anti-predatory behaviour in gibbons (Hylobates lar, Yai/Thailand) Nicola L. Uhde and Volker Sommer.

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Book SynopsisKin recognition, the ability to identify and respond differentially to one's genetic relatives, is one of the fastest growing and most exciting areas of ethology. This is a thought-provoking and critical analysis of our current knowledge of the phenomenon with particular emphasis on the underlying processes involved, and their significance for the evolution of social behaviour.Trade Review"...useful, well edited and carefully balanced." Nature"This book updates an exciting and fast-moving field. It should appeal to a broad range of biologists and psychologists. The volume's strengths are its conceptual orientation and multiple investigative approaches." David W. Pfennig & Paul W. Sherman, Science"...a series of outstanding articles that examine how animals are able to recognize their kin....important for those professionals and graduate students interested in animal behavior." Choice"...extremely worthwhile. It is a must for kin recognition researchers, and it should also appeal to students of human and nonhuman behavior." George J. Gamboa, BioScience"...will be of great value to both investigators of kin recognition, and to the author or authors who produce the first complete synthesis of this field." Andrew Cockburn, Quarterly Review of Biology"...Hepper's volume contains many cautionary admonitions that primatologists would do well to heed." Donald Stone Sade, Iinternational Journal of PrimatologyTable of ContentsContributors; Preface; 1. Introduction P. G. Hepper; 2. The correlation between kinship and behaviour in non-human primates I. S. Bernstein; 3. Cooperation and reciprocity in birds and mammals J. D. Ligon; 4. Kinship and fellowship in ants and social wasps P. Jaisson; 5. Successes and failures of parent-offspring recognition in animals M. D. Beecher; 6. Kinship, kin discrimination and mate choice criteria C. J. Barnard and P. G. M. Aldous; 7. Genetic components of kin recognition in mammals E. A. Boyse; 8. Kin recognition in amphibians B. Waldman; 9. Kin recognition cues of vertebrates Z. T. Halpin; 10. Recognizing kin: ontogeny and classification P. G. Hepper; 11. Parental states as mechanisms for kinship recognition and deception about relatedness R. W. Elwood; 12. Fetal learning: implications for the development of kin recognition S. R. Robinson and W. P. Smotherman; 13. Information processing and storage during filial imprinting M. H. Johnson; 14. The honey bee as a model kin recognition system W. M. Getz; 15. Mutual mother-infant recognition in humans R. H. Porter; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisHow and why do birds build? The book shows how birds make nests, bowers for male display and tools. Written for those interested in animal behaviour, and behavioural ecology, it will also be absorbing for architects and engineers interested in structures in the natural world.Trade Review'A stimulating read for scientists and birdwatchers alike.' Charles Deeming, BBC Wildlife'Mike Hansell's well-written book … provides an excellent overview … bird nests are beautiful and serve their purpose well. the same can also be said of this book.' Tore Slagsvold, Nature'… a scholarly written review on a marvellous subject. It is beautifully illustrated and makes fascinating reading. I recommend it to all students, researchers and amateur ornithologists interested in avian ecology and behaviour.' Tamás Székely, Trends in Ecology and Evolution'… a valuable book that will be of particular interest to ornithologists and would serve as a useful supplement in ornithology courses.' Charles R. Brown, Animal Behaviour' … an interesting read and should have a broad appeal to all ornithologists.' Ibis'Hansell's book contains loads of information that will be both helpful to the scientist and interesting to the enthusiast. … is thorough, engaging, and fun to read. Hansell's book will be enjoyed by students of ornithology, animal behavior, ecology, and evolutionary biology. It will become a valuable part of the collections of university libraries, professional ornithologists, and those generally enthusiastic about all things avian.' Rebecca Jo Safran, Cornell UniversityTable of Contents1. Animal builders and the importance of bird nests; 2. The clutch-nest relationship; 3. Standardising the nest description; 4. Construction; 5. The structure; 6. The cost of nest building; 7. The selection of a nest site; 8. Bowers, building quality and mate assessment; 9. The evolution of nest building; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisAnimal Traditions offers an alternative to both the 'selfish gene' and 'meme' views of the world for all evolutionary biologists. By showing how cultural traditions, imparting information from one generation to the next, are vital to birds and mammals, it offers a unified evolutionary and developmental perspective of animal behaviour.Trade Review'This is a timely and thorough account of a neglected field, and will provide fascination and interest to any biologist whose horizons extend beyond the merely molecular.' Dennis Cotton, Biologist'… this well-written book is certain to fuel an interesting debate in evolutionary science.' ChoiceTable of ContentsPreface; 1. New rules for old games; 2. What is pulling the strings of behaviour?; 3. Learning and the behavioural inheritance system; 4. Parental care - the highroad to family traditions; 5. Achieving harmony between mates - the learning route; 6. Parents and offspring - too much conflict?; 7. Alloparental care - an additional channel of information transfer; 8. The origins and persistence of group legacies; 9. Darwin meets Lamarck - the co-evolution of genes and learning; 10. The free phenotype; References; Species index; Subject index.

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Book SynopsisCooperative breeding is when individuals other than the parents care for the offspring. This poses a challenge to a conventional Darwinian explanation of social behaviour. This book is completely dedicated to this phenomenon in mammals, and the chapters are written by the leading researchers in the field.Trade Review"This volume is the first on cooperative breeding in mammals, and it will consequently serve as a landmark in the field." Jerram L. Brown, The Quarterly Review of Biology"...an important reference for behavioral ecologists, ethologists, physiologists, and mamalogists. It should be read by ornithologists who wish to avoid 'taxonomic tunnel vision'" Jerram L. Brown, The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsList of contributors; Preface; 1. The study of mammalian cooperative breeding Nancy G. Solomon and Jeffrey A. French; 2. The bioenergetics of parental behaviour and the evolution of alloparental care in marmosets and tamarins Suzette D. Tardif; 3. Proximate regulation of singular breeding in Callitrichid primates Jeffrey A. French; 4. Cooperative breeding, reproductive suppression and body size in canids Patricia D. Moehlman and Heribert Hofer; 5. Hormonal and experiential factors in the expression of social and parental behaviour in canids Cheryl S. Asa; 6. Variation in reproductive suppression among dwarf mongooses: interplay between mechanisms and evolution Scott R. Creel and Peter M. Waser; 7. Dynamic optimization and cooperative breeding: an evaluation of future fitness effects Jeffrey R. Lucas, Scott R. Creel and Peter M. Waser; 8. Examination of alternative hypotheses for cooperative breeding in rodents Nancy G. Solomon and Lowell L. Getz; 9. The psychobiological basis of cooperative breeding in rodents C. Sue Carter and R. Lucille Roberts; 10. Cooperative breeding in naked mole-rats: implications for vertebrate and invertebrate sociality Eileen A. Lacey and Paul W. Sherman; 11. The physiology of a reproductive dictatorship: regulation of male and female reproduction by a single breeding female in colonies of naked mole-rats Christopher G. Faulkes and David H. Abbott; 12. Factors influencing the occurrence of communal care in plural breeding mammals Susan E. Lewis and Anne E. Pusey; 13. A bird's-eye view of mammalian cooperative breeding Ronald L. Mumme; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book examines both the texture of food and the adaptations of various animals (including fish, mammals, primates and man) to the type of food they commonly eat. The mechanical properties of various foods are considered in conjunction with the mechanics of eating them and more subjective behavioural parameters such as acceptability and palatability.Trade Review"Most food scientists who are interested in food texture will find several chapters of interest. Animal scientists or archaeologists concerned with food selection or eating habits of animals will also find some chapters of interest. Dentists may find the chapters on tooth wear and diet selection of interest. All chapters have clear and useful conclusions." Les K. Ferrier, Journal of Food Quality"...highly recommended for all researchers interested in the perception and measurement of food texture, and for those who like to take a broad interest in their discipline." Malcolm Bourne, Journal of Texture StudiesTable of ContentsList of contributors; Introduction J. F. V. Vincent and P. J. Lillford; 1. Mechanical and fracture properties of cellular and fibrous materials G. Jeronimidis; 2. Texture of plants and fruits J. F. V. Vincent; 3. Measuring meat texture and understanding its structural basis P. P. Purslow; 4. Food processing by mastication in cyprinid fish F. A. Sibbing; 5. Quantitative aspects of the relationship between dentitions and diets P. W. Lucas and R. T. Corlett; 6. The control of movements and forces during chewing E. Otten; 7. The basic mechanics of mastication: man's adaptive success M. R. Heath; 8. Integrating texture and physiology - techniques D. Kilcast and A. Eves; 9. Brittle textures in processed foods A. C. Smith; 10. The control and generation of texture in soft manufactured foods G. Rodger; 11. Texture and acceptability of human foods P. J. Lillford; Index.

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Book SynopsisLanguage is just one particularly highly developed form of primate communication. Recent years have seen increased attention to other forms: studies of animals in the wild, efforts to teach sign language to apes. This volume reflects perspectives from a variety of disciplines on the nature and function of primate signalling systems.Table of ContentsPart I. The Setting of the Problem: 1 Devious intentions of monkeys and apes? Duane Quiatt; 2. What the vocalizations of monkeys mean to humans and what they mean to monkeys themselves Robert M. Seyfarth; 3. Category formation in vervet monkeys Dorothy L. Cheney; Part II. Theoretical Preliminaries: 4. The strange creature Justin Leiber; 5. Vocabularies and theories Rom Harre; 6. Ethology and language Edwin Ardener; 7. Must monkeys mean? Roy Harris; 8. The inevitability and utility of anthopomorphism in description of primate behaviour Pamela J. Asquith; Part III. Steps towards a solution: 9. 'Language' in apes H. S. Terrace; 10. Social changes in a group of rhesus monkeys Vernon Reynolds; 11. Categorization of social signals as derived from quantitative analyses of communication processes M. Maurus and D. Ploog; 12. Experience tells Eric Jones and Michael Chance.

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Book SynopsisThis detailed 1983 study of the African buffalo is distinguished by the extraordinary first-hand data obtained by the author in ten years of study. During this time, Dr Mloszewski virtually lived with the herds, moving among the animals and becoming accepted by them as a companion in their wanderings. The result is a book written from a highly unusual viewpoint and containing unique data. The book discusses the ancestry, zoological classification, and biogeographical setting of the African buffalo and describes the interactions of buffaloes with other species. The individual and collective behavior of the buffalo in the wild, as directly observed by the author, is the central subject, covering herd movements, feeding activities, hierarchies and individuals and agnostic, reproductive and other behaviors.Table of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Evolutionary background; 3. Methods of study; 4, The herd; 5. Herd movements; 6. Feeding activities and alimentary processes; 7. Hierarchy, status and individual specialization; 8. Agnostic behaviors; 9. Reproductive, mother-calf, and nonadult behaviors; 10. Other behaviors; 11. Vocalization; 12. Behavioral background; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisHomosexual Behaviour in Animals will appeal to anyone interested in this area of sexology. Primarily aimed at graduate students and researchers in evolutionary biology, biological anthropology, zoology, evolutionary psychology and animal behaviour, it contains contributions covering a variety of mammals, primates and birds.Trade ReviewReview of the hardback: 'For anyone interested in animal behaviour, this book is a valuable reference which brings together a collection of current research into homosexual behaviour in animals in one volume.' BiologistReview of the hardback: 'Sommer and Vasey have sharply steered the Darwinian study of homosexual behaviour out of its infancy and towards all the defining features of a mature science … the book deserves to be widely read by researchers interested in ultimate functions of human and animal behaviour alike.' Journal of Evolutionary Psychology'… I highly recommend this book to scholars, but also to anyone wishing to broaden their understanding of this perfectly natural and fascinating facet of animal behaviour, including our own species.' Dr F. Blake Morton , Primate Eye'… the book … gives readers a useful foundation for understanding key findings and research trajectories that are applicable to any species. … I highly recommend this book to scholars, but also to anyone wishing to broaden their understanding of this perfectly natural and fascinating facet of animal behaviour, including our own species.' F. Blake Morton, The Primate EyeTable of ContentsPart I. Introduction: 1. Homosexuality in animals. Topics, hypotheses, and research trajectories Volker Sommer and Paul L. Vasey; Part II. Non-primates: 2. Making the best of a bad situation. Homosociality in male greylag geese Kurt Kotrschal, Josef Hemetsberger and Brigitte Weiss; 3. Pink flamingos. Atypical partnerships and sexual activity in colonially breeding birds Catherine E. King; 4. Establishing trust. Sociosexual behaviour and the development of male-male bonds among Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins Janet Mann; 5. Going with the herd. Same-sex interaction and competition in American bison Hilde Vervaecke and Catherine Roden; 6. Exciting ungulates. Male-male mounting in fallow, white-tailed and red deer Ludek Bartos and Jana Holeckova; 7. Frustrated felines. Sexual mounting between males in feral cats Akihiro Yamane; Part III. Primates: 8. The pursuit of pleasure. An evolutionary history of homosexual behaviour in Japanese macaques Paul L. Vasey; 9. Getting to know you. Female-female consortships in free-ranging rhesus monkeys Ellen Kapsalis and Rodney L. Johnson; 10. A wild mixture of motivations. Same-sex mounting in Indian langur monkeys Volker Sommer, Peter Schauer and Diana Kyriazis; 11. Playful encounters. The development of homosexual behavior in male mountain gorillas Juichi Yamagiwa; 12. Social grease for females? Same-sex genital contacts in wild bonobos Barbara Fruth and Gottfried Hohmann; 13. The evolution of male homosexuality and its implications for human psychological and cultural variations Dennis Werner; Part IV. Outlooks: Science and Beyond: 14. Where do we go from here? Research on the evolution of homosexual behaviour in animals Paul L. Vasey; 15. Against nature?! An epilogue about animal sex and the moral dimension Volker Sommer; Acknowledgements.

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Book SynopsisThe mammalian neurohypophyseal peptide hormones oxytocin and vasopressin act to mediate human social behavior - they affect trust and social relationships and have an influence on avoidance responses. Describing the evolutionary roots of the effects that these neuropeptides have on behavior, this book examines remarkable parallel findings in both humans and non-human animals. The chapters are structured around three key issues: the molecular and neurohormonal mechanisms of peptides; phylogenetic considerations of their role in vertebrates; and their related effects on human behavior, social cognition and clinical applications involving psychiatric disorders such as autism. A final chapter summarizes current research perspectives and reflects on the outlook for future developments. Providing a comparative overview and featuring contributions from leading researchers, this is a valuable resource for graduate students, researchers and clinicians in this rapidly developing field.Trade Review'The clearly written and well-referenced chapters deal with molecular mechanisms, phylogenetic considerations and clinical applications, as well as effects on human behaviour, and the final chapter suggests potential lines of future research. A well-organised and presented book on a splendidly interesting subject.' Malcolm Dando, The Biologist'It will, however, be quite useful for anybody working in this area, including graduate students. The Medline search … suggests that many researchers are currently moving into this area. These researchers will find this compilation of chapters on social aspects of AVP/OT peptides a great introduction to this field. I, for one, will use this book as a valuable resource.' Geert J. De Vries, American Journal of Human BiologyTable of ContentsList of contributors; Preface Elena Choleris, Martin Kavaliers and Donald W. Pfaff; Part I. Oxytocin and Vasopressin Systems – Anatomy, Function, and Development: 1. Oxytocin, vasopressin and their interplay with gonadal steroids Monica B. Dhakar, Erica L. Stevenson and Heather K. Caldwell; 2. Oxytocin and vasopressin release and their receptor-mediated intracellular pathways that determine their behavioral effects Inga D. Neumann and Erwin H. van den Burg; 3. Regulation of oxytocin and vasopressin secretion: involvement of the calcium amplification pathway through cyclic ADP-ribose and CD38 Haruhiro Higashida, Olga Lopatina and Amina Sarawat; 4. The organizational effects of oxytocin and vasopressin: behavioral implications Bruce S. Cushing; Part II. Behavioral Studies - Comparative Approach: 5. Social regulatory functions of vasotocin and isotocin in fish Richmond R. Thompson and James C. Walton; 6. Vasotocin modulation of social behaviors in amphibians Sunny K. Boyd; 7. Nonapeptide mechanisms of avian social behavior and phenotypic diversity James L. Goodson; 8. Oxytocin, vasopressin, and the evolution of mating systems in mammals Sara M. Freeman and Larry J. Young; 9. Oxytocin regulation of maternal behavior: from rodents to humans Cort A. Pedersen; 10. Oxytocin regulation of social and maternal behavior in sheep Keith M. Kendrick; 11. The roles of vasopressin and oxytocin in aggression Jerome H. Pagani, Scott R. Wersinger and W. Scott Young, III; 12. The role of vasopressin in flank marking and aggression Craig F. Ferris, Richard H. Melloni, Jr and H. Elliott Albers; 13. The involvement of oxytocin and vasopressin in social recognition and social learning: interplay with the sex hormones Riccardo Dore, Anna Phan, Amy E. Clipperton-Allen, Martin Kavaliers and Elena Choleris; 14. Oxytocin, vasopressin, sociality and pathogen avoidance Martin Kavaliers and Elena Choleris; 15. Oxytocin and addiction: recent preclinical advances and future clinical potential Ian McGregor and Michael T. Bowen; 16. Oxytocin and vasopressin in non-human primates Benjamin J. Ragen and Karen L. Bales; Part III. Human Studies: 17. The involvement of oxytocin and vasopressin in fear and anxiety: animal and human studies Yoav Litvin and Donald W. Pfaff; 18. Oxytocin instantiates empathy and produces prosocial behaviors Jorge A. Barraza and Paul J. Zak; 19. Oxytocin and vasopressin in human sociality and social psychopathologies Richard P. Ebstein, Idan Shalev, Salomon Israel, Florina Uzefovsky, Reut Avinun, Ariel Knafo, Nurit Yirmiya and David Mankuta; 20. Oxytocin and autism Joshua J. Green, Bonnie Taylor and Eric Hollander; Conclusion: oxytocin, vasopressin and related peptides in the regulation of behavior. Where next? Elena Choleris, Martin Kavaliers and Donald W. Pfaff; Index.

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Book SynopsisHomosexuality is an evolutionary paradox in search for a resolution, not a medical condition in search for a cure. Homosexual behavior is common among social animals, and mainly expressed within the context of a bisexual sexual orientation. Exclusive homosexuality is less common, but not unique to humans. Poiani and Dixson invite the reader to embark on a journey through the evolutionary, biological, psychological and sociological aspects of homosexuality, seeking an understanding of both the proximate and evolutionary causes of homosexual behavior and orientation in humans, other mammals and birds. The authors also provide a synthesis of what we know about homosexuality into a biosocial model that links recent advances in reproductive skew theory and various selection mechanisms to produce a comprehensive framework that will be useful for anyone teaching or planning future research in this field.Trade Review' … a truly monumental compendium of everything you might have wanted to know about same-sex biology, its proximate as well as ultimate causation … a goldmine … with a treasure-trove of many hundreds of references … Aldo Poiani, in this admirable volume, has drawn together the best, most coherent summary to date of the currently available evidence.' Evolutionary Psychology… [a] remarkable new book … a well-presented and easily navigated text. … it precisely reflects the strongest conclusion that the current literature can make: animal homosexuality can only be understood as a diverse collection of multicausal phenomena. Importantly, it is this firm commitment to an integrative and pluralistic perspective that marks out Poiani's contribution to the literature.' Animal BehaviourTable of Contents1. Animal homosexuality in evolutionary perspective; 2. The comparative study of homosexual behaviour; 3. Genetics of homosexuality; 4. Ontogenetic patterns; 5. The endocrine and nervous systems: a network of causality for homosexual behaviour; 6. Immunology and homosexuality; 7. Sexual segregation effects; 8. The social, life-histories and ecological theatres of animal homosexual behaviour; 9. Homosexual behaviour in primates; 10. A biosocial model for the evolution and maintenance of homosexual behaviour in mammals and birds.

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Book SynopsisIn the last decade, research on the previously dormant field of camouflage has advanced rapidly, with numerous studies challenging traditional concepts, investigating previously untested theories and incorporating a greater appreciation of the visual and cognitive systems of the observer. Using studies of both real animals and artificial systems, this book synthesises the current state of play in camouflage research and understanding. It introduces the different types of camouflage and how they work, including background matching, disruptive coloration and obliterative shading. It also demonstrates the methodologies used to study them and discusses how camouflage relates to other subjects, particularly with regard to what it can tell us about visual perception. The mixture of primary research and reviews shows students and researchers where the field currently stands and where exciting and important problems remain to be solved, illustrating how the study of camouflage is likely to progress in the future--Trade Review'… the broad overview on the functions and mechanisms of camouflage in various communication systems makes reading this book very enjoyable.' H. Martin Schaefer, Basic and Applied EcologyTable of Contents1. Animal camouflage: an introduction Martin Stevens and Sami Merilaita; 2. Crypsis through background matching Sami Merilaita and Martin Stevens; 3. The concealment of body parts through coincident disruptive coloration Innes C. Cuthill and Aron Székely; 4. The history, theory and evidence for a cryptic function of countershading Hannah M. Rowland; 5. Camouflage breaking mathematical operator and countershading Ariel Tankus and Yehezkel Yeshurun; 6. Revisiting Abbott H. Thayer: non-scientific reflections about camouflage in art, war and zoology Roy R. Behrens; 7. Camouflage behaviour and body orientation on backgrounds containing directional patterns Richard J. Webster, Alison Callahan, Jean-Guy J. Godin and Thomas N. Sherratt; 8. Camouflage and visual perception Tom Troscianko, Christopher P. Benton, P. George Lovell, David J. Tolhurst and Zygmunt Pizlo; 9. Rapid adaptive camouflage in cephalopods R. T. Hanlon, C. C. Chiao, L. M. Mäthger, K. C. Buresch, A. Barbosa, J. J. Allen, L. Siemann and C. Chubb; 10. What can camouflage tell us about non-human visual perception? A case study of multiple cue use in the cuttlefish Sarah Zylinski and Daniel Osorio; 11. Camouflage in marine fish Justin Marshall and Sönke Johnsen; 12. Camouflage in decorator crabs: integrating ecological, behavioural and evolutionary approaches Kristin Hultgren and John J. Stachowicz; 13. Camouflage in colour changing animals: trade-offs and constraints Devi Stuart-Fox and Adnan Moussalli; 14. The multiple disguises of spiders Marc Théry, Teresita C. Insausti, Jérémy Defrize and Jérôme Casas; 15. Effects of animal camouflage on the evolution of live backgrounds Kevin R. Abbott and Reuven Dukas; 16. The functions of black and white colouration in mammals: review and synthesis Tim Caro; 17. Evidence for camouflage involving senses other than vision Graeme D. Ruxton; Index.

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Book SynopsisBrings together modern thinking on the various functions of mate choice and its role in evolution. The ways in which finely tuned preferences for a particular member of the opposite sex develop are described, as is the importance of compatibility between mates in long-lived species.Trade Review"...there is no volume that provides a better collection of ideas on mate choice. If you are interested in mate choice, you must read this book." Science"...succeeds admirably in providing a comprehensive review of our current knowledge of mate choice...it also offers many novel and unique hypotheses and methods for testing them as well as more traditional views; it should serve the active researcher usefully. In short, I enjoyed it and recommend it..." William M. Shields, Auk"...an exciting addition to the field and will be a point of departure for a great deal of future research." EvolutionTable of ContentsList of contributors; Preface Patrick Bateson; Part I. Introduction: 1. The study of mate choice T. R. Halliday; 2. Monogamy: an ambiguous concept Wolfgang Wickler and Uta Seibt; Part II. Characteristics of Sexual Selection: 3. Sexual selection by female choice Peter O'Donald; 4. Sexual selection: the interface of theory and empiricism Stevan J. Arnold; 5. Leks and mate choice Jack W. Bradbury and Robert M. Gibson; Part III. Sex Differences in Chosiness: 6. Mate quality and mating decisions G. A. Parker; 7. Mate choice in role-reversed species Marion Petrie; 8. Male-mate competition and mate choice in anuran amphibians Anthony Arak; 9. Mate choice in the European Rabbit Diana J. Bell; Part IV. Non-Random Mating: 10. Non-random mating and offspring fitness Linda Partridge; 11. Optimal outbreeding Patrick Bateson; 12. Assortative mating, mate choice and reproductive fitness in Snow Geese F. Cooke and J. C. Davies; 13. Mate choice in the Mallard Diane M. Williams; 14. Early experience and sexual preferences in rodents Bruno D'udine and Enrico Alleva; Part V. Compatibility of Mates: 15. Re-mating in birds Ian Rowley; 16. Mate choice in the Kittiwake Gull J. C. Coulson and C. S. Thomas; 17. Mate choice in humans as an interpersonal process Steve Duck and Dorothy Miell; Part VI. Hormonal Mechanisms: 18. Hormonal mechanisms of mate choice in birds J. B. Hutchison and R. E. Hutchison; 19. Endocrine determinants and constraints on sexual behaviour in monkeys Eric B. Keverne; Part VII. Decision Rules: 20. Life history tactics and alternative strategies of reproduction R. I. M. Dunbar; 21. Tactics of mate choice James F. Wittenberger; Index.

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Book SynopsisFirst published in 1981, this book is an introduction to studies of the behaviour of a wide variety of animals including man, farm animals and pest species. The approach is ethological, although there is extensive reference to physiology, brain mechanisms and relevant psychological research.Table of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Sensory function: behavioural and physiological evidence; 3. The control of movement; 4. The allocation of resources; 5. Body regulation, maintenance and hazard avoidance behaviour; 6. Feeding; 7. Anti-predator behaviour; 8. Functions of social behaviour and dispersal; 9. Reproductive behaviour, including parent-offspring interactions; 10. The organisation of social groups; References; Indexes.

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Book SynopsisA unified approach to the study of domestic animals is an important step in achieving a proper understanding of the nature of domestication. The author emphasises the importance of domestic animals to the development of human civilization and demonstrate how human control of domestication may result in the planned production of distinct kinds of domestic animals.Trade Review"...will stimulate controversy and research and all those interested in evolution or economically important animals will enjoy reading the book." NatureTable of ContentsPreface to the German edition; Preface to the English edition; 1. Why are domestic animals kept?; 2. Diversity of appearance; 3. The origins of domestic animals; 4. Changes in behaviour; 5. Stress; 6. Acquisition and processing of information; 7. Transmitter substances for information processing; 8. Coat colour and behaviour; 9. Coat colour selection; 10. Limits of endurance; 11. Taming and return to the wild; 12. New domestications; 13. Domestication and evolution; 14. Overall synopsis; Selected reading; List of photographs taken by the author in public zoos and animals parks; Index.

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Book SynopsisKin recognition, the ability to identify and respond differentially to one's genetic relatives, is one of the fastest growing and most exciting areas of ethology. This is a thought-provoking and critical analysis of our current knowledge of the phenomenon with particular emphasis on the underlying processes involved, and their significance for the evolution of social behaviour.Trade Review"...useful, well edited and carefully balanced." Nature"This book updates an exciting and fast-moving field. It should appeal to a broad range of biologists and psychologists. The volume's strengths are its conceptual orientation and multiple investigative approaches." David W. Pfennig & Paul W. Sherman, Science"...a series of outstanding articles that examine how animals are able to recognize their kin....important for those professionals and graduate students interested in animal behavior." Choice"...extremely worthwhile. It is a must for kin recognition researchers, and it should also appeal to students of human and nonhuman behavior." George J. Gamboa, BioScience"...will be of great value to both investigators of kin recognition, and to the author or authors who produce the first complete synthesis of this field." Andrew Cockburn, Quarterly Review of Biology"...Hepper's volume contains many cautionary admonitions that primatologists would do well to heed." Donald Stone Sade, Iinternational Journal of PrimatologyTable of ContentsContributors; Preface; 1. Introduction P. G. Hepper; 2. The correlation between kinship and behaviour in non-human primates I. S. Bernstein; 3. Cooperation and reciprocity in birds and mammals J. D. Ligon; 4. Kinship and fellowship in ants and social wasps P. Jaisson; 5. Successes and failures of parent-offspring recognition in animals M. D. Beecher; 6. Kinship, kin discrimination and mate choice criteria C. J. Barnard and P. G. M. Aldous; 7. Genetic components of kin recognition in mammals E. A. Boyse; 8. Kin recognition in amphibians B. Waldman; 9. Kin recognition cues of vertebrates Z. T. Halpin; 10. Recognizing kin: ontogeny and classification P. G. Hepper; 11. Parental states as mechanisms for kinship recognition and deception about relatedness R. W. Elwood; 12. Fetal learning: implications for the development of kin recognition S. R. Robinson and W. P. Smotherman; 13. Information processing and storage during filial imprinting M. H. Johnson; 14. The honey bee as a model kin recognition system W. M. Getz; 15. Mutual mother-infant recognition in humans R. H. Porter; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisCooperative breeding is an unusual kind of social behaviour, found in a few hundred species worldwide, in which individuals other than the parents help raise young. Understanding the apparently altruistic behaviour of helpers has provided numerous challenges to evolutionary biologists. This book includes detailed first-hand summaries of many of the major empirical studies of cooperatively breeding birds. It provides comparative information on the demography, social behaviour and behavioural ecology of these unusual species and explores the diversity of ideas and the controversies which have developed in this field. The studies are all long-term and consequently the book summarises some of the most extensive studies of the behaviour of marked individuals ever undertaken. Graduate students and research workers in ornithology, sociobiology, behavioural ecology and evolutionary biology will find much of value in this book.Trade Review"I strongly recommend this book to any biologist interested in behavioral ecology, sociality, or ornithology. It provides an excellent review of many of the primary cooperative breeding studies of the last two decades, points the way to future research, and touches on some of the more general problems in behavioral ecology. It would make a good addition to personal as well as to professional libraries." The Auk"...this is much more than a collection. In addition to a thorough index, there is a helpful 9-page introduction and a 20-page summary to synthesize the diverse studies and give a much needed overview of this interesting area of study. Abundant illustrative materials....Highly recommended." Choice"...an excellent summary of what is currently known about cooperative breeding, and offers more information to the reader than a review of the topic with only selected examples given to support specific points. Indeed, with all of the information included, it is a good reference source for general and population breeding of birds, quite aside from any questions concerning cooperative breeding. I highly recommend this book to anyone interested in behavioral ecology, population biology, or even just the intricacies of the lives of birds." Kevin McGowan, Journal of Field Ornithology"...this book is a celebration of some of the finest field studies ever undertaken, and a splendid introduction to an important strand of behavioral ecology." Andrew Cockburn, Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsFrontispiece; Contributors; Introduction P. B. Stacey and W. D. Koenig; 1. Splendid Fairy-wrens: demonstrating the importance of longevity I. C. R. Rowley and E. Russell; 2. Green Woodhoopoes: life history traits and sociality J. D. Ligon and S. H. Ligon; 3. Red-cockaded Woodpeckers: a 'primitive' cooperative breeder J. R. Walters; 4. Arabian Babblers: the quest for social status in a cooperative breeder A. Zahavi; 5. Hoatzins: cooperative breeding in a folivorous neotropical bird S. D. Strahl and A. Schmitz; 6. Campylorhynchus wrens: the ecology of delayed dispersal and cooperation in the Venezuelan savanna K. N. Rabenold; 7. Pinyon Jays: making the best of a bad situation by helping J. M. Marzluff and R. P. Balda; 8. Florida Scrub Jays: a synopsis after 18 years of study G. E. Woolfenden and J. W. Fitzpatrick; 9. Mexican Jays: uncooperative breeding J. L. Brown and E. R. Brown; 10. Galápagos mockingbirds: territorial cooperative breeding in a climatically variable environment R. L. Curry and P. R. Grant; 11. Groove-billed Anis: joint-nesting in a tropical cuckoo R. R. Koford, B. S. Bowen and S. L. Vehrencamp; 12. Galápagos and Harris' Hawks: divergent causes of sociality in two raptors J. Faaborg and J. C. Bednarz; 13. Pukeko: different approaches and some different answers J. L. Craig and I. G. Jamieson; 14. Acorn Woodpeckers: group-living and food storage under contrasting ecological conditions W. D. Koenig and P. B. Stacey; 15. Dunnocks: cooperation and conflict among males and females in a variable mating system N. B. Davies; 16. White-fronted Bee-eaters: helping in a colonially nesting species S. T. Emlen; 17. Pied Kingfishers: ecological causes and reproductive consequences of cooperative breeding H.-U. Reyer; 18. Noisy Miners: variations on the theme of communality D. D. Dow and M. J. Whitmore; Summary J. N. M. Smith; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses the nature of cooperation, altruism and prosocial behaviour, and the factors that make their occurrence more likely.Trade Review'The subject is treated in considerable breadth and depth, ideas are developed as lines of argument throughout the book, and there is much to interest the reader, whether they may be a student, an interested general reader, a social scientist or even a policy maker.' Alain Schmitt, Human Ethology NewsletterTable of ContentsList of contributors; Foreword Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal; Introduction R. A. Hinde and J. Groebel; Part I. Cooperation In Animals and Man: Editorial; 1. Help, cooperation and trust in animals A. H. Harcourt; 2. Culture and cooperation R. Boyd and P. J. Richerson; Part II. The Development of Prosocial Propensities: Editorial; 3. The development and socialization of prosocial behaviour P. A. Miller, J. Bernzweig, N. Eisenberg and R. A. Fabies; 4. Cross-cultural differences in assertiveness/competition vs. group loyalty/cooperation H. C. Triandis; 5. The development of prosocial behaviour in large-scale collective societies: China and Japan H. W. Stevenson; 6. The learning of prosocial behaviour in small-scale egalitarian societies: an anthropological view E. Goody; Part III. Situational and Personality Determinants of Prosocial Behaviour: Editorial; 7. Situational and personality determinants of the quantity and quality of helping J. Fultz and R. B. Cialdini; 8. Perceiving the causes of altruism W. C. Swap; 9. Altruism J. Heal; 10. Complications and complexity in the pursuit of justice S. D. Clayton and M. J. Lerner; Part IV. Trust, Commitment and Cooperation: Editorial; 11. The dynamics of interpersonal trust: resolving uncertainty in the face of risk S. D. Boon and J. G. Holmes; 12. Commitment old and new: social pressure and individual choice in making relationships last M. Lund; 13. Cooperation in a microcosm: lessons from laboratory games D. A. Good; 14. Determinants of instrumental intra-group cooperation J. M. Rabbie; Part V. Cooperation Between Groups: Editorial; 15. Changing assumptions about conflict and negotiation J. Z. Rubin; 16. Cooperation between groups H. Feger; 17. The role of UNESCO in the development of international cooperation F. Mayor; 18. US-Soviet cooperation against terrorism: common ground I. Beliaev and J. Marks; 19. US policy towards the Soviet Union from Carter to Bush E.-O. Czempiel; Name index; Subject index.

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Book SynopsisBoth men and women devote time and effort to removing natural body odour and replacing it with sexual attractant odours derived from plants and animals - we seem to need to smell of something other than people! Yet of all the apes, we are the most richly endowed with scent producing glands. This book examines the sense of smell in humans, comparing it with the known functions of the same sense in other animals. Odorous cues play a role in sexual physiology and behaviour in animals and there are claims that odour can play the same role in humans. The place of odours and scents in aesthetics and in psychoanalysis serves to illustrate the link between the emotional centres and the brain. The book presents arguments to explain the way in which our ancestral past has given rise to our modern day olfactory enigmas. The material is presented with as much explanation of the technical detail as possible to make the book accessible to a wide readership.Table of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; Part I. The Human Nose - A Zoological Conundrum?: Part II. Chemoreception and the Origin of Sexual Reproduction: 1. Chemical communication and the hypophysis; 2. Neural connections between nose and brain; Part III. The Scented Ape: 3. The sebaceous glands; 4. The apocrine glands; 5. Axillary odours; 6. Saliva and urine; 7. Circumanal organ; 8. Hair Meibomian, ceruminous and vestibulum masi glands; 9. Human body odours; Part IV. The Naso-Genital Relationship: 10. Vaginal secretions; 11. The ovarian cycle; 12. The human menstrual cycle; 13. Olfaction in sexual development; Part V. Scent and the Psyche: 14. Evidence from philosophy, psychoanalysis, aesthetics and folklore; 15. Evidence from experimental studies; Part VI. Perfume: 16. Ancient perfumes and their uses; 17. Modern perfumes and their uses; 18. Why do humans wear perfumes?; Part VII. Incense: 19. Ancient uses of incense; 20. Ingredients of incense; 21. The odours of incense; 22. Support from animal studies; Part VIII. The Noselessness of Man: 23. Ecology of parental investment; 24. Bipedalism, hunting and human evolution Gregariousness, oestrus advertisement and the pair bond; 25. Human concealed ovulation and olfactory desensitisation; 26. Epigamic selection and male external genitalia; 27. Axillary scent organs as secondary sexual characters; 28. Conclusion; Part IX. The Human Nose and the Monkey's Tail; Glossary of technical terms; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses the nature of cooperation, altruism and prosocial behaviour, and the factors that make their occurrence more likely.Trade Review'The subject is treated in considerable breadth and depth, ideas are developed as lines of argument throughout the book, and there is much to interest the reader, whether they may be a student, an interested general reader, a social scientist or even a policy maker.' Alain Schmitt, Human Ethology NewsletterTable of ContentsList of contributors; Foreword Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal; Introduction R. A. Hinde and J. Groebel; Part I. Cooperation In Animals and Man: Editorial; 1. Help, cooperation and trust in animals A. H. Harcourt; 2. Culture and cooperation R. Boyd and P. J. Richerson; Part II. The Development of Prosocial Propensities: Editorial; 3. The development and socialization of prosocial behaviour P. A. Miller, J. Bernzweig, N. Eisenberg and R. A. Fabies; 4. Cross-cultural differences in assertiveness/competition vs. group loyalty/cooperation H. C. Triandis; 5. The development of prosocial behaviour in large-scale collective societies: China and Japan H. W. Stevenson; 6. The learning of prosocial behaviour in small-scale egalitarian societies: an anthropological view E. Goody; Part III. Situational and Personality Determinants of Prosocial Behaviour: Editorial; 7. Situational and personality determinants of the quantity and quality of helping J. Fultz and R. B. Cialdini; 8. Perceiving the causes of altruism W. C. Swap; 9. Altruism J. Heal; 10. Complications and complexity in the pursuit of justice S. D. Clayton and M. J. Lerner; Part IV. Trust, Commitment and Cooperation: Editorial; 11. The dynamics of interpersonal trust: resolving uncertainty in the face of risk S. D. Boon and J. G. Holmes; 12. Commitment old and new: social pressure and individual choice in making relationships last M. Lund; 13. Cooperation in a microcosm: lessons from laboratory games D. A. Good; 14. Determinants of instrumental intra-group cooperation J. M. Rabbie; Part V. Cooperation Between Groups: Editorial; 15. Changing assumptions about conflict and negotiation J. Z. Rubin; 16. Cooperation between groups H. Feger; 17. The role of UNESCO in the development of international cooperation F. Mayor; 18. US-Soviet cooperation against terrorism: common ground I. Beliaev and J. Marks; 19. US policy towards the Soviet Union from Carter to Bush E.-O. Czempiel; Name index; Subject index.

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Book SynopsisUsing data from (non-feeding) field studies the author shows that chimpanzees live peacefully in non-hierarchical groups on home ranges open to all. This highly and necessarily positive mutual dependence system is characteristic of both undisturbed chimpanzees and humans who live by the 'immediate-return' foraging system.Trade Review"...does set out an interesting hypothesis and remind[s] us of some puzzling observations." American Journal of Physical Anthropology"Although many may take exception to the conclusions of the author, the book should be useful to a broad range of readers interested in human and nonhuman primate social organization and its evolution." ChoiceTable of ContentsForeword A. Montagu; Acknowledgements; Part I. Methods and Prefatory Explanations; Part II. The Human Foragers; Part III. The Changing Social Order; Part IV. The Behaviour of Wild and Provisioned Groups: A Theoretical Analysis; Part V. The Mutual Dependence System; Part VI. The Egalitarian Chimpanzees; Part VII. Probabilities, Possibilities and Half-Heard Whispers; Notes; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisEssays exploring the relations between ethology and other disciplines, notably the neurosciences and child psychology and psychiatry.Trade Review"As a festschrift it is unusual, partly because the person being honored actually contributes to the volume himself and partly because the book is so forward looking and contains up-to-date and useful reviews on a variety of subjects...a well-edited and well-chosen collection of essays. Many are extremely useful and topical reviews in their own right." Nature"...a must for any serious student of behavior, not only because of the consistent quality of the essays, but also for Hinde's reaction to them." Choice"...useful for individuals interested in the historical paths leading to the modern study of behavior or to readers who need a succinct review of the current hot topics in the development and integration of behavior." Randy J. Nelson and A. Courtney DeVries, Journal of Nervous and Mental DiseaseTable of ContentsContributors; Preface; Part I. Introduction: 1. Levels and processes Patrick Bateson; Part II. The Development of Behaviour: 2. Are there principles of behavioural development? Patrick Bateson; 3. Differences in behavioural development in closely related species: bird song Peter Marler; Commentary 1 Robert A. Hinde; Part III. Neural and Endocrine Aspects of Behaviour: 4. Analytical ethology and synthetic neuroscience John C. Fentress; 5. Cerebral function and behaviour investigated through a study of filial imprinting Gabriel Horn; 6. How does the environment influence the behavioural action of hormones? J. B. Hutchison; 7. Testosterone, attention and memory R. J. Andrew; 8. A psychobiological approach to maternal behaviour among the primates Jay S. Rosenblatt; Commentary 2 Robert A. Hinde; Part IV. Social Organisation: 9. The evolution of sex differences and the consequences of polygyny in mammals T. H. Clutton-Brock; 10. What can we say about social structure? Thelma E. Rowell; 11. On declaring commitment to a partner M. J. A. Simpson; Commentary 3 Robert A. Hinde; Part V. Human Behaviour: 12. Ethological light on psychoanalytical problems John Bowlby; 13. Temperament and attachment: an eclectic approach Joan Stevenson-Hinde; 14. A fresh look at 'maternal deprivation' Michael Rutter; 15. Relationships and behaviour: the significance of Robert Hinde's work for developmental psychology Judy Dunn; 16. The individual and the environment in human behavioural development Marian Radke-Yarrow; Commentary 4 Robert A. Hinde; Part VI. Aggression and War: 17. An evolutionary perspective on human aggression David A. Hamburg; Commentary 5 Robert A. Hinde; Part VII. Memoirs: 18. Some personal remarks Niko Tinbergen; 19. Robert Hinde in Africa Jane Goodall; Commentary 6 Robert A. Hinde; Appendices; Index.

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Book SynopsisIn this 1992 book, John Kennedy's point is that explicit anthropomorphism was well-nigh killed by fierce criticism from the radical Behaviourists, but that we have to recognize that today there is a new anthropomorphism which is much harder to avoid because it is unintended and largely unconscious.Trade Review'Anyone interested in animal welfare should read this book.' P. J. B. Slater, Animal Welfare'This is an important book that will encourage a more scientific study of animal behaviour.' Robert Barrass, Journal of Biological EducationTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Anthropomorphism and teleology, explicit anthropomorphism, behaviourist taboo, uniqueness of Man, consciousness, unconsciousness, compulsive anthropomorphism; 3. Instinct, nest-building, search images, language, imitation, functions as causes, imbalance; 4. Migration, purpose and goal, efference copy, motivation; 5. Intentionality, cognition, self-awareness, suffering; 6. Hierarchy, displacement, inhibition, trail-following; 7. Illusions, indulgence, neoanthropomorphism, prescription; Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisSome of the most exciting recent advances in animal behaviour have occurred at the interface between that subject and the study of evolution. This book, written by experts in this area, illustrates how the profound changes in our understanding of evolution have influenced behavioural research.Trade Review'The editors and contributors … have lucidly and interestingly represented current work and ideas in this core area of biology and psychology. This text presents clearly a rich sampling of both the details of animal behavior and analyses of its evolutionary processes and patterns … a lucid presentation such as this can illuminate the entire field.' R. Goldthwaite, Systems Research and Behavioral ScienceTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Behaviour genetics and evolution A. A. Hoffmann; 3. Behaviour and speciation R. K. Butlin and M. G. Ritchie; 4. The phylogeny of behaviour J. L. Gittleman and D. M. Decker; 5. Strategies of behaviour I. F. Harvey; 6. Sex and evolution T. R. Halliday; 7. Kinship and altruism P. J. B. Slater; 8. The evolution of intelligence R. W. Byrne; 9. Social structure and evolution P. C. Lee; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisIn this 1992 book, John Kennedy's point is that explicit anthropomorphism was well-nigh killed by fierce criticism from the radical Behaviourists, but that we have to recognize that today there is a new anthropomorphism which is much harder to avoid because it is unintended and largely unconscious.Trade Review'Anyone interested in animal welfare should read this book.' P. J. B. Slater, Animal Welfare'This is an important book that will encourage a more scientific study of animal behaviour.' Robert Barrass, Journal of Biological EducationTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Anthropomorphism and teleology, explicit anthropomorphism, behaviourist taboo, uniqueness of Man, consciousness, unconsciousness, compulsive anthropomorphism; 3. Instinct, nest-building, search images, language, imitation, functions as causes, imbalance; 4. Migration, purpose and goal, efference copy, motivation; 5. Intentionality, cognition, self-awareness, suffering; 6. Hierarchy, displacement, inhibition, trail-following; 7. Illusions, indulgence, neoanthropomorphism, prescription; Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisThe chimpanzee, of all other living species, is our closest relation, with whom we last shared a common ancestor about 5 million years ago. These African apes make and use a rich and varied kit of tools, and of the primates they are the only consistent and habitual tool-users and tool-makers. Chimpanzees meet the criteria of culture as originally defined for human beings by socio-cultural anthropologists. They show sex differences in using tools to obtain and to process a variety of plant and animal foods. The technological gap between chimpanzees and human societies that live by foraging (hunter-gatherers) is surprisingly narrow, at least for food-getting. Different communities of wild chimpanzees have different tool-kits, and not all of this regional and local variation can be explained by the demands of the physical and biotic environments in which they live. Some differences are likely to be customs based on socially derived and symbolically encoded traditions. Chimpanzees serve asTrade Review' … masterfully integrates primatology and (paleo)anthropology …' Elisabetta Visalberghi, ScienceTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Patterns of culture?; 2. Studying chimpanzees; 3. Chimpanzees as apes; 4. Cultured chimpanzees?; 5. Chimpanzee sexes; 6. Chimpanzees and foragers; 7. Chimpanzees compared; 8. Chimpanzee ethnology; 9. Chimpanzees as models; 10. What chimpanzees are, are not, and might be; References; Appendix; Index.

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