Ethnic groups and multicultural studies Books

Book SynopsisExamines Black-authored historical novels and films for children that depict creative means by which ordinary African Americans survived slavery and racism in early America. The book argues that this important, understudied historical writing calls on young readers to be active, critical thinkers about the past and its legacies within the present.Trade ReviewTending to the Past is a groundbreaking study of the construction of history in texts by Black authors for young people. The quality and depth of analysis offered by Karen Michele Chandler is unparalleled." - Katharine Capshaw, coeditor of Who Writes for Black Children? African American Children's Literature before 1900

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Book SynopsisExamines Black-authored historical novels and films for children that depict creative means by which ordinary African Americans survived slavery and racism in early America. The book argues that this important, understudied historical writing calls on young readers to be active, critical thinkers about the past and its legacies within the present.Trade ReviewTending to the Past is a groundbreaking study of the construction of history in texts by Black authors for young people. The quality and depth of analysis offered by Karen Michele Chandler is unparalleled." - Katharine Capshaw, coeditor of Who Writes for Black Children? African American Children's Literature before 1900

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Book SynopsisOut of Oakland offers a wonderful case study in the possibilities and limitations of transnational organizing. ? Diplomatic HistoryIn Out of Oakland, Sean L. Malloy explores the evolving internationalism of the Black Panther Party (BPP); the continuing exile of former members, including Assata Shakur, in Cuba is testament to the lasting nature of the international bonds that were forged during the party''s heyday. Founded in Oakland, California, in October 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale, the BPP began with no more than a dozen members. Focused on local issues, most notably police brutality, the Panthers patrolled their West Oakland neighborhood armed with shotguns and law books. Within a few years, the BPP had expanded its operations into a global confrontation with what Minister of Information Eldridge Cleaver dubbed the international pig power structure.Malloy traces the shifting intersections between the black freTrade ReviewOut of Oakland offers a wonderful case study in the possibilities and limitations of transnational organizing. * Diplomatic History *Malloy's focus on the international dimension of the Black Panther Party is a welcomed contribution to this area of study.... Malloy also sheds considerable light on the range of differences in ideological perspective and on-the-ground tactics between Eldridge Cleaver and BPP cofounder Huey P. Newton.... Out of Oakland will be especially useful to classes and graduate seminars centered on Cold War internationalisms, black internationalism, and histories of African American and Afro-diasporic political organizing in the post–civil rights era.... [It] demonstrates that far from being uninformed counterculture renegades, the BPP and its army of revolutionary-minded members, theorists, and comrades were a central component of a political upsurge bent on dismantling U.S. imperial democracy. -- Christopher M. Tinson * American Historical Review *Table of ContentsIntroduction: "Theory with No Practice Ain't Shit"1. "Every Brother on a Rooftop Can Quote Fanon": Black Internationalism, 1955–19662. "Army 45 Will Stop All Jive": Origins and Early Operations of the BPP, 1966–19673. "We’re Relating Right Now to the Third World": Creating an Anticolonial Vernacular, 1967–19684. "I Prefer Panthers to Pigs": Transnational and International Connections, 1968–19695. "Juche, Baby, All the Way": Cuba, Algeria, and the Asian Strategy, 1969–19706. "Gangster Cigarettes" and "Revolutionary Intercommunalism": Diverging Directions in Oakland and Algiers, 1970–19717. "Cosmopolitan Guerrillas": The International Section and the RPCN, 1971–19738. The Panthers in Winter, 1971–1981Epilogue: "Our Demand Is Simple: Stop Killing Us": From Oakland to Ferguson

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Book SynopsisFrustrated with the flood of news articles and opinion pieces that were skeptical of minority students'' imagined campus microaggressions, Micere Keels, a professor of comparative human development, set out to provide a detailed account of how racial-ethnic identity structures Black and Latinx students'' college transition experiences.Tracking a cohort of more than five hundred Black and Latinx students since they enrolled at five historically white colleges and universities in the fall of 2013 Campus Counterspaces finds that these students were not asking to be protected from new ideas. Instead, they relished exposure to new ideas, wanted to be intellectually challenged, and wanted to grow. However, Keels argues, they were asking for access to counterspacessafe spaces that enable radical growth. They wanted counterspaces where they could go beyond basic conversations about whether racism and discrimination still exist. They wanted time in counterspaces with likemindedTrade ReviewThrough her exploration of counterspaces specifically in the context of Black and Latinx student experiences, Keels offers realistic steps that practitioners can implement both within historically White institutions and across them. Within Keels' framework, there is incredible potential for discussions on how colleges might re-examine current diversity policies and practices in the face of current social unrest across American institutions. * Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management *Table of ContentsIntroduction: It Doesn't Have to Be Race-Ethnicity to Be about Race-Ethnicity 1. Outlining the Problem 2. The Impossibility of a Color-Blind Identity: Shifting Social Identities from the Margin to the Center of Our Understanding of How Historically Marginalized Students Experience Campus Life 3. An Ambivalent Embrace: How Financially Distressed Students Make Sense of the Cost of College —With Resney Gugwor 4. Strategic Disengagement: Preserving One's Academic Identity by Disengaging from Campus Life —With Ja'Dell Davis 5. Power in the Midst of Powerlessness: Scholar-Activist Identity amid Racially and Ethnically Motivated Violence—With Elan Hope 6. Importance of a Critical Mass: Experiencing One's Differences as Valued Diversity Rather Than a Marginalized Threat—With Carly Offidani-Bertrand 7. Finding One's People and One's Self on Campus: The Role of Extracurricular Organizations —With Gabriel Velez 8. Split between School, Home, Work, and More: Commuting as a Status and a Way of Being —With Hilary Tackie and Elan Hope 9. Out of Thin Air: When One's Academic Identity Is Not Simply an Extension of One's Family Identity —With Emily Lyons 10. A Guiding Hand: Advising That Connects with Students' Culturally Situated Motivational Orientations toward College—With Tasneem Mandviwala 11. (Dis)integration: Facilitating Integration by Carefully Attending to Difference

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Book SynopsisFrustrated with the flood of news articles and opinion pieces that were skeptical of minority students'' imagined campus microaggressions, Micere Keels, a professor of comparative human development, set out to provide a detailed account of how racial-ethnic identity structures Black and Latinx students'' college transition experiences.Tracking a cohort of more than five hundred Black and Latinx students since they enrolled at five historically white colleges and universities in the fall of 2013 Campus Counterspaces finds that these students were not asking to be protected from new ideas. Instead, they relished exposure to new ideas, wanted to be intellectually challenged, and wanted to grow. However, Keels argues, they were asking for access to counterspacessafe spaces that enable radical growth. They wanted counterspaces where they could go beyond basic conversations about whether racism and discrimination still exist. They wanted time in counterspaces with likemindedTrade ReviewThrough her exploration of counterspaces specifically in the context of Black and Latinx student experiences, Keels offers realistic steps that practitioners can implement both within historically White institutions and across them. Within Keels' framework, there is incredible potential for discussions on how colleges might re-examine current diversity policies and practices in the face of current social unrest across American institutions. * Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management *Table of ContentsIntroduction: It Doesn't Have to Be Race-Ethnicity to Be about Race-Ethnicity 1. Outlining the Problem 2. The Impossibility of a Color-Blind Identity: Shifting Social Identities from the Margin to the Center of Our Understanding of How Historically Marginalized Students Experience Campus Life 3. An Ambivalent Embrace: How Financially Distressed Students Make Sense of the Cost of College —With Resney Gugwor 4. Strategic Disengagement: Preserving One's Academic Identity by Disengaging from Campus Life —With Ja'Dell Davis 5. Power in the Midst of Powerlessness: Scholar-Activist Identity amid Racially and Ethnically Motivated Violence—With Elan Hope 6. Importance of a Critical Mass: Experiencing One's Differences as Valued Diversity Rather Than a Marginalized Threat—With Carly Offidani-Bertrand 7. Finding One's People and One's Self on Campus: The Role of Extracurricular Organizations —With Gabriel Velez 8. Split between School, Home, Work, and More: Commuting as a Status and a Way of Being —With Hilary Tackie and Elan Hope 9. Out of Thin Air: When One's Academic Identity Is Not Simply an Extension of One's Family Identity —With Emily Lyons 10. A Guiding Hand: Advising That Connects with Students' Culturally Situated Motivational Orientations toward College—With Tasneem Mandviwala 11. (Dis)integration: Facilitating Integration by Carefully Attending to Difference

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Book SynopsisCreating the Suburban School Advantage explains how American suburban school districts gained a competitive edge over their urban counterparts. John L. Rury provides a national overview of the process, focusing on the period between 1950 and 1980, and presents a detailed study of metropolitan Kansas City, a region representative of trends elsewhere.While big-city districts once were widely seen as superior and attracted families seeking the best educational opportunities for their children, suburban school systems grew rapidly in the postWorld War II era as middle-class and more affluent families moved to those communities. As Rury relates, at the same time, economically dislocated African Americans migrated from the South to center-city neighborhoods, testing the capacity of urban institutions. As demographic trends drove this urban-suburban divide, a suburban ethos of localism contributed to the socioeconomic exclusion that became a hallmark of outlying school systemTrade ReviewCreating the Suburban School Advantage: Race, Localism, and Inequality in an American Metropolis provides the reader with a detailed, interesting, thoughtful, and disturbing picture of an American city and surrounding suburbs to help us understand who, what, where, why, and how metropolitan inequality developed after World War II. * Journal of Urban Affairs *Creating the Suburban School Advantage makes an important contribution to the history of education. With few exceptions, accounts of postwar schooling in the United States have focused almost exclusively on the 'rise and fall' of large urban systems. As Rury demonstrates in meticulous detail [about Kansas City], the flip side of urban decline was suburban growth, and now a synthetic account connects these mutually constitutive processes. * History of Education Quarterly *Creating the Suburban School Advantage is an impressive contribution to the growing literature about how Americans with power and influence used the processes of suburbanization to develop remarkably inequitable school systems in the long postwar era. Rury's interdisciplinary approach is another of the book's strengths. In the introduction alone, he builds an argument with ideas from law, sociology, human ecology, urban planning, and demography, among other fields. Yet none of this disciplinary hopping detracts from the book's historical analysis, nor from its prose or narrative clarity. * Journal of Interdisciplinary History *In this engaging text, Rury explores societal conflict, boundary construction and maintenance, uneven power relations, the influence of public attitudes, and various other social conditions relevant to suburban expansion. Creating the Suburban School Advantage is an accessible and instructive monograph that will be a great addition to courses on the political, historical, or sociological dimensions of education. * American Historical Review *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Educating the Fragment Metropolis 1. Suburban and Urban Schools: Two Sides of a National Metropolitan Coin 2. Uniting and Dividing a Heartland Metropolis: Growth and Inequity in Postwar Kansas City 3. Fall from Grace: The Transformation of an Urban School System 4. Racialized Advantage: The Missouri Suburban School Districts 5. Conflict in Suburbia: Localism, Race, and Education in Johnson County, Kansas Epilogue: An Enduring Legacy of Inequality

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Book SynopsisOver the last sixty years, administrators on college campuses nationwide have responded to black campus activists by making racial inclusion and inequality compatible. This bold argument is at the center of Matthew Johnson''s powerful and controversial book. Focusing on the University of Michigan, often a key talking point in national debates about racial justice thanks to the contentious Gratz v. Bollinger 2003 Supreme Court case, Johnson argues that UM leaders incorporated black student dissent selectively into the institution''s policies, practices, and values. This strategy was used to prevent activism from disrupting the institutional priorities that campus leaders deemed more important than racial justice. Despite knowing that racial disparities would likely continue, Johnson demonstrates that these administrators improbably saw themselves as champions of racial equity. What Johnson contends in Undermining Racial Justice is not that good inteTrade ReviewIf I were asked to identify a single book published in 2020 that profoundly changed the way I look at higher education, it would be Matthew Johnson's Undermining Racial Justice. * Inside Higher Ed *In his groundbreaking book, Undermining Racial Justice, Matthew Johnson does an excellent job examining how, over the last sixty years, 'campus leaders embraced racial inclusion only so far as it could coexist with [their] long-standing values and priorities.' As Johnson writes, we must understand the policies and the people who created them if we are to ever understand that 'inequality is a choice' and that we can 'demand choices that lead to equality.' We must remain vigilant, and Undermining Racial Justice will help us fight back. * History of Education Quarterly *Matthew Johnson's Undermining Racial Justice: How One University Embraced Inclusion and Inequality provides a critical account of how the University of Michigan, long heralded as an exemplar of campus diversity policy, made racial inclusion compatible with inequality, largely through co-optation of the demands of student activists over decades. Though Johnson examines the implementation of race-access policy at the Michigan over a fifty-year period, his insights are fruitful for a contemporary landscape rife with threats to affirmative action, critique of diversity rhetoric, and proposed reform. Johnson's text greatly contributes to scholarship on affirmative action in higher education, the bureaucracy of diversity, and more broadly policy making and social movement demobilization. * The Journal of African American History *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Preserving Inequality 1. Bones and Sinews 2. The Origins of Affirmative Action 3. The Rise of the Black Campus Movement 4. Controlling Inclusion 5. Affirmative Action for Whom? 6. Sustaining Racial Retrenchment 7. The Michigan Mandate 8. Gratz v. Bollinger Epilogue: The University as Victim

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Book SynopsisIn the personal and frank Confessions of a Free Speech Lawyer, Rodney A. Smolla offers an insider''s view on the violent confrontations in Charlottesville during the summer of hate. Blending memoir, courtroom drama, and a consideration of the unhealed wound of racism in our society, he shines a light on the conflict between the value of free speech and the protection of civil rights.Smolla has spent his career in the thick of these tempestuous and fraught issues, from acting as lead counsel in a famous Supreme Court decision challenging Virginia''s law against burning crosses, to serving as co-counsel in a libel suit brought by a fraternity against Rolling Stone magazine for publishing an article alleging that one of the fraternity''s initiation rituals included gang rape. Smolla has also been active as a university leader, serving as dean of three law schools and president of one and railing against hate speech and sexual assault on US campuses.Well befoTrade ReviewIt's hard to imagine a mayor or police chief who—in planning for the arrival of controversial figures—wouldn't profit from Smolla's account of the cascade of missteps in Charlottesville. * Kirkus Reviews *Smolla's book is a remarkable examination of the intersection of history, law, speech, violence, and hate. It may be the definitive work on what can be wrought by hate speech and, in the face of that, why free speech remains important. * Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly *Table of Contents1. A Call from the Task Force 2. The Charleston Massacre 3. Becoming Richard Spencer 4. Reverend Edwards 5. The Charlottesville Monuments 6. Blut und Boden 7. Mr. Jefferson's University 8. Kessler v. Bellamy 9. The Monuments Debate 10. Competing Conceptions of Free Speech 11. May Days 12. Cue the Klan—Stage Right 13. The Rise of the Marketplace 14. Cue the Counterprotesters—Stage Left 15. A Rolling Stone Gathers No Facts 16. The Marketplace Doubles Down 17. The Day of the Clan 18. When Speech Advances Civil Rights 19. Duke and the Desciples 20. The Russian Connection 21. A Call to Conscience 22. Preparations 23. The Day to the Cross 24. The Idea of the University 25. Heckler's Veto 26. Channels of Communication 27. Rednecks and Saint Paul 28. The Lawn and the Rotunda 29. Bloodshed 30. Aftermath

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewRios has written a compelling, theoretically sophisticated analysis of predatory policing and the Ferguson protest movement that erupted in the wake of the 2014 police shooting of 18-year-old Michael Brown... Rios concludes with a brilliant assessment of the queer and trans women who led the Ferguson movement and their relationship with the Black Lives Matter movement. * Choice *This text is well suited for introductory and graduate-level work in cultural and urban anthropology and would well serve scholars and thinkers with grounding in studies of the carceral state, critical race studies, and human geograpy. * American Anthropologist *Overall, in Black Lives and Spatial Matters, Rios has crafted a significant contribution to urban and suburban studies, geography, and broader literatures on Blackness, race, and space. [O]ne of Rios's most meaningful scholarly contributions is to show how intimate knowledge of urban planning and policy are key to unpacking everyday oppression as well as the roots of radical resistance. * Urban Geography *Black Lives and Spatial Matters performs with grace and exacting rigor the skills of audience that planners and civic leaders must develop more fully if we are to participate directly in urgent social challenges of our day. Black Lives and Spatial Matters thus lands on our doorsteps at an opportune moment. It offers a troubling review of epistemic violence and a hopeful performance of freedom and audience skills and introduces us to the Black Lives Matters leaders of North St. Louis County. * Journal of American Planning Association *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Dancing with Death 1. Race and Space 2. Confluence and Contestation 3. Racial States and Local Governance 4. Discursive Regimes and Everyday Practices 5. Politics and Policing in Pagedale Interlude: A Day in August 6. Queering Protest 7. Ontologies of Resistance Coda: Archipelagoes of Life

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Book SynopsisBlack Lives and Spatial Matters is a call to reconsider the epistemic violence that is committed when scholars, policymakers, and the general public continue to frame Black precarity as just another racial, cultural, or ethnic conflict that can be solved solely through legal, political, or economic means. Jodi Rios argues that the historical and material production of blackness-as-risk is foundational to the historical and material construction of our society and certainly foundational to the construction and experience of metropolitan space. She also considers how an ethics of lived blacknessliving fully and visibly in the face of forces intended to dehumanize and erasecan create a powerful counter point to blackness-as-risk.Using a transdisciplinary methodology, Black Lives and Spatial Matters studies cultural, institutional, and spatial politics of race in North St. Louis County, Missouri, as a set of practices that are intimately connected to each other and Trade ReviewRios has written a compelling, theoretically sophisticated analysis of predatory policing and the Ferguson protest movement that erupted in the wake of the 2014 police shooting of 18-year-old Michael Brown... Rios concludes with a brilliant assessment of the queer and trans women who led the Ferguson movement and their relationship with the Black Lives Matter movement. * Choice *This text is well suited for introductory and graduate-level work in cultural and urban anthropology and would well serve scholars and thinkers with grounding in studies of the carceral state, critical race studies, and human geograpy. * American Anthropologist *Overall, in Black Lives and Spatial Matters, Rios has crafted a significant contribution to urban and suburban studies, geography, and broader literatures on Blackness, race, and space. [O]ne of Rios's most meaningful scholarly contributions is to show how intimate knowledge of urban planning and policy are key to unpacking everyday oppression as well as the roots of radical resistance. * Urban Geography *Black Lives and Spatial Matters performs with grace and exacting rigor the skills of audience that planners and civic leaders must develop more fully if we are to participate directly in urgent social challenges of our day. Black Lives and Spatial Matters thus lands on our doorsteps at an opportune moment. It offers a troubling review of epistemic violence and a hopeful performance of freedom and audience skills and introduces us to the Black Lives Matters leaders of North St. Louis County. * Journal of American Planning Association *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Dancing with Death 1. Race and Space 2. Confluence and Contestation 3. Racial States and Local Governance 4. Discursive Regimes and Everyday Practices 5. Politics and Policing in Pagedale Interlude: A Day in August 6. Queering Protest 7. Ontologies of Resistance Coda: Archipelagoes of Life

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Book SynopsisMore than fifty years after the civil rights movement, there are still glaring racial inequities all across the United States. In Rich Thanks to Racism, Jim Freeman, one of the country''s leading civil rights lawyers, explains why as he reveals the hidden strategy behind systemic racism. He details how the driving force behind the public policies that continue to devastate communities of color across the United States is a small group of ultra-wealthy individuals who profit mightily from racial inequality.In this groundbreaking examination of strategic racism, Freeman carefully dissects the cruel and deeply harmful policies within the education, criminal justice, and immigration systems to discover their origins and why they persist. He uncovers billions of dollars in aligned investments by Bill Gates, Charles Koch, Mark Zuckerberg, and a handful of other billionaires that are dismantling public school systems across the United States. He exposes how the greed of promiTrade ReviewThe book's strengths lie in centering the voices of those most harmed by strategic racism, the well-researched financial trail of spending to support the political agenda of a core group of the ultra-wealthy, and the examples of community-generated solutions to end systemic racism. Freeman does a great job supporting his claim that a small group of ultra-wealthy people are using strategic racism to undermine democracy and amass a disproportionate amount of wealth for themselves. * ILR Review *Table of ContentsIntrouction: Strategic Racism 1. The Racism Profiteers 2. The Squandered Brilliance of Our Disposable Youth 3. Tough-on-Crime for You, Serve-and-Protect for Me 4. From Jim Crow to Juan Crow 5. Defeating Goliath Conclusion: A Declaration of Interdependence

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Book SynopsisIn 1945, Sukarno declared that the new Indonesian republic would be grounded on monotheism, while also insisting that the new nation would protect diverse religious practice. The essays in Religious Pluralism in Indonesia explore how the state, civil society groups, and individual Indonesians have experienced the attempted integration of minority and majority religious practices and faiths across the archipelagic state over the more than half century since Pancasila. The chapters in Religious Pluralism in Indonesia offer analyses of contemporary phenomena and events; the changing legal and social status of certain minority groups; inter-faith relations; and the role of Islam in Indonesia''s foreign policy. Amidst infringements of human rights, officially recognized minoritiesProtestants, Catholics, Hindus, Buddhists and Confucianshave had occasional success advocating for their rights through the Pancasila framework. Others, from Ahmadi and Shi''i groups Trade ReviewAs this lively, informative multi-author volume shows, Islamists from the beginning argued that Indonesia should be an Islamic state, and they pressed this demand with renewed force after the country's transition to democracy in 1998. * Foreign Affairs *Readers interested in Indonesia from a more comparative perspective might have benefitted from more comparisons from farther afield, but they will gain very useful overviews especially from the first two chapters by Chiara Formichi and Robert Hefner, who skillfully disentangle the complicated landscape of religious and political actors. * The University of British Columbia *Finally, Duncan provides an mportant account of the very real tensions that continue to exist between Christians and Muslims in Maluku and North Maluku. * Sojourn *Table of Contents1. The Limits of Pancasilaasa Framework for Pluralism, by Chiara Formichi 2. Islamism and the Struggle for Inclusive Citizenship in Democratic Indonesia, by Robert Hefner 3. The Rise of Islamist Majoritarianism in Indonesia, by Sidney Jones 4. Making the Majority in the Name of Islam: Democratization, Moderate-Radical Coalition, and Religious Intolerance in Indonesia, by Kikue Hamayotsu 5. Deity Statue Disputed: The Politicization of Religion, Intolerance, and Local Resistance in Tuban, East Java, by Evi Sutrisno 6. The Tragedy of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, by Mona Lohanda 7. Regulating Religion and Recognizing Animist "Beliefs" in Indonesian Law and Life, by Lorraine Aragon 8. From Imposed Order to Conflicting Superdiversity: The Tamil Hindu and Their Neighborsin Medan, by Silvia Vignato 9. Saints, Scholars, and Diplomats: Religious Statecraft and the Problem of "Moderate Islam" in Indonesia, by James Hoesterey 10. Agama Hindu under Pressure from Muslim and Christian Proselytizing, by Michele Picard 11. Dispelling Myths of Religious Pluralism: A Critical Look at Maluku and North Maluku, by Christopher R. Duncan

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Book SynopsisDrawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with activists, Fractured Militancy tells the story of postapartheid South Africa from the perspective of Johannesburg''s impoverished urban Black neighborhoods. Nearly three decades after South Africa''s transition from apartheid to democracy, widespread protests and xenophobic attacks suggest that not all is well in the once-celebrated rainbow nation. Marcel Paret traces rising protests back to the process of democratization and racial inclusion. This process dangled the possibility of change but preserved racial inequality and economic insecurity, prompting residents to use militant protests to express their deep sense of betrayal and to demand recognition and community development. Underscoring remarkable parallels to movements such as Black Lives Matter in the United States, this account attests to an ongoing struggle for Black liberation in the wake of formal racial inclusion.RTrade ReviewOverall, those interested in social movements, political economy, or methodologically rigorous qualitative work, will find Fractured Militancy an engaging and fruitful read. * Sociology of Race and Ethnicity *Table of ContentsIntroduction Part 1: MOBILIZATION 1. National Liberation 2. Betrayal Part 2: FRAGMENTATION 3. Community 4. Nationalism 5. Class Politics Conclusion

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction: The Question of Questions 1. The African School 2. Nowhere Else to Go 3. Willing Combatants 4. Six Rugged Years, All Uphill 5. From Charlotte to Milliken 6. Considering the Metropolis 7. The Urban-Suburban Program 8. The Age of Accountability Conclusion: Three Steps toward Change

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Book SynopsisCreating the Suburban School Advantage explains how American suburban school districts gained a competitive edge over their urban counterparts. John L. Rury provides a national overview of the process, focusing on the period between 1950 and 1980, and presents a detailed study of metropolitan Kansas City, a region representative of trends elsewhere.While big-city districts once were widely seen as superior and attracted families seeking the best educational opportunities for their children, suburban school systems grew rapidly in the postWorld War II era as middle-class and more affluent families moved to those communities. As Rury relates, at the same time, economically dislocated African Americans migrated from the South to center-city neighborhoods, testing the capacity of urban institutions. As demographic trends drove this urban-suburban divide, a suburban ethos of localism contributed to the socioeconomic exclusion that became a hallmark of outlying school systemTrade ReviewCreating the Suburban School Advantage: Race, Localism, and Inequality in an American Metropolis provides the reader with a detailed, interesting, thoughtful, and disturbing picture of an American city and surrounding suburbs to help us understand who, what, where, why, and how metropolitan inequality developed after World War II. * Journal of Urban Affairs *Creating the Suburban School Advantage makes an important contribution to the history of education. With few exceptions, accounts of postwar schooling in the United States have focused almost exclusively on the 'rise and fall' of large urban systems. As Rury demonstrates in meticulous detail [about Kansas City], the flip side of urban decline was suburban growth, and now a synthetic account connects these mutually constitutive processes. * History of Education Quarterly *Creating the Suburban School Advantage is an impressive contribution to the growing literature about how Americans with power and influence used the processes of suburbanization to develop remarkably inequitable school systems in the long postwar era. Rury's interdisciplinary approach is another of the book's strengths. In the introduction alone, he builds an argument with ideas from law, sociology, human ecology, urban planning, and demography, among other fields. Yet none of this disciplinary hopping detracts from the book's historical analysis, nor from its prose or narrative clarity. * Journal of Interdisciplinary History *In this engaging text, Rury explores societal conflict, boundary construction and maintenance, uneven power relations, the influence of public attitudes, and various other social conditions relevant to suburban expansion. Creating the Suburban School Advantage is an accessible and instructive monograph that will be a great addition to courses on the political, historical, or sociological dimensions of education. * American Historical Review *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Educating the Fragment Metropolis 1. Suburban and Urban Schools: Two Sides of a National Metropolitan Coin 2. Uniting and Dividing a Heartland Metropolis: Growth and Inequity in Postwar Kansas City 3. Fall from Grace: The Transformation of an Urban School System 4. Racialized Advantage: The Missouri Suburban School Districts 5. Conflict in Suburbia: Localism, Race, and Education in Johnson County, Kansas Epilogue: An Enduring Legacy of Inequality

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewIn The Future We Need: Organizing for a Better Democracy in the 21st Century, Erica Smiley and Sarita Gupta deliver a transformative vision for the future of workers, along with innovative strategies to build an economy that works for everyone. This is essential reading for everyone turning toward state and local work after bouncing off the neoliberal ceiling of the Biden Administration and a divided Congress, and now reeling from the hard right majority Supreme Court and their spate of backward rulings. * Social Policy *This book shows how to begin to think of conditions in society not simply as issues, but as systemically connected parts of a whole.... pick up Smiley and Gupta's book to spark new ideas and perspectives on what is possible—and needed—now for the working class. * People's World *[The Future We Need] functions as an accessible device for individuals working within unjust labor complexes, and in examining the failings of the past, looks forward. * WABE *The Future We Need reveals for scholars and lay people alike the many ways that we are part of a lineage of working people who dreamed of and fought for a democracy that has real meaning in our daily lives. The authors provide a blueprint for a future in which ordinary people practice democracy every day in all aspects of their lives, a vision that surpasses simply voting but encourages collective governance. I assert that The Future We Need will be the go-to text for labor educators, organizers, and scholars alike. * ILR Review *Erica Smiley and Sarita Gupta's new book The Future We Need makes a significant and original contribution. What is exciting [about the book] is not so much its familiar litany of organized labor's difficulties as the creativity of the solutions it proposes. Smiley and Gupta's analysis and prescription point the way forward. * Dissent Magazine *[Smiley and Gupta] challenge the real powers in the economy on issues that affect not only the workplace but also family and community life. * New Labor Forum *

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Book SynopsisIn Violent America, Ariane Chebel d''Appollonia counterintuitively analyzes why and how various ethnoracial groups proactively and instrumentally use different forms of violence to achieve their goals. Combining a historical analysis spanning the centuries with an examination of contemporary problems, she considers how and why ethnoracial groups can be both perpetrators and victims of violence, why some minority groups react differently to violence in comparable situations, and what the consequences are today for politics in both America and Europe.Violent America thus explores the effects of physical and discursive violence on the ways in which ethnoracial groups define themselves. Chebel d''Appollonia argues that the use of ethnoracial violence has been and remains an effective identity strategy by which all ethnoracial groups are able to integrate themselves into the mainstream of American society. She provides an alternative way of underTrade ReviewAriane Chebel d'Appollonia (public affairs and administration, Rutgers Univ., Newark), who has published extensively in English and French, explores why ethnoracial violence remains an enduring feature of US society despite fundamental transformations in the country's institutions and the composition of its population. * choice *

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Book SynopsisIn Violent America, Ariane Chebel d''Appollonia counterintuitively analyzes why and how various ethnoracial groups proactively and instrumentally use different forms of violence to achieve their goals. Combining a historical analysis spanning the centuries with an examination of contemporary problems, she considers how and why ethnoracial groups can be both perpetrators and victims of violence, why some minority groups react differently to violence in comparable situations, and what the consequences are today for politics in both America and Europe.Violent America thus explores the effects of physical and discursive violence on the ways in which ethnoracial groups define themselves. Chebel d''Appollonia argues that the use of ethnoracial violence has been and remains an effective identity strategy by which all ethnoracial groups are able to integrate themselves into the mainstream of American society. She provides an alternative way of underTrade ReviewAriane Chebel d'Appollonia (public affairs and administration, Rutgers Univ., Newark), who has published extensively in English and French, explores why ethnoracial violence remains an enduring feature of US society despite fundamental transformations in the country's institutions and the composition of its population. * choice *

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewIf I were asked to identify a single book published in 2020 that profoundly changed the way I look at higher education, it would be Matthew Johnson's Undermining Racial Justice. * Inside Higher Ed *In his groundbreaking book, Undermining Racial Justice, Matthew Johnson does an excellent job examining how, over the last sixty years, 'campus leaders embraced racial inclusion only so far as it could coexist with [their] long-standing values and priorities.' As Johnson writes, we must understand the policies and the people who created them if we are to ever understand that 'inequality is a choice' and that we can 'demand choices that lead to equality.' We must remain vigilant, and Undermining Racial Justice will help us fight back. * History of Education Quarterly *Matthew Johnson's Undermining Racial Justice: How One University Embraced Inclusion and Inequality provides a critical account of how the University of Michigan, long heralded as an exemplar of campus diversity policy, made racial inclusion compatible with inequality, largely through co-optation of the demands of student activists over decades. Though Johnson examines the implementation of race-access policy at the Michigan over a fifty-year period, his insights are fruitful for a contemporary landscape rife with threats to affirmative action, critique of diversity rhetoric, and proposed reform. Johnson's text greatly contributes to scholarship on affirmative action in higher education, the bureaucracy of diversity, and more broadly policy making and social movement demobilization. * The Journal of African American History *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Preserving Inequality 1. Bones and Sinews 2. The Origins of Affirmative Action 3. The Rise of the Black Campus Movement 4. Controlling Inclusion 5. Affirmative Action for Whom? 6. Sustaining Racial Retrenchment 7. The Michigan Mandate 8. Gratz v. Bollinger Epilogue: The University as Victim

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Book SynopsisFaith Made Flesh brings together the experience, insight, and stories of those actively addressing societal and educational disadvantages of Black children in Sacramento, California. Editors Lawrence Torry Winn, Vajra M. Watson, Maisha T. Winn, and Kindra F. Montgomery-Block seek to offer viable solutions to racial injustice by centering the voices of organizers, policymakers, educators, scholars, and young people alike. Focused on the Black Child Legacy Campaign (BCLC), a ten-year community-driven initiative to respond to disproportionate health outcomes, the contributors analyze the impact of the BCLC''s successes, providing an empirically rich narrative of its transformative alliances and radical actions. Through timely and urgent case studies and personal reflections, Faith Made Flesh advances the need to address societal challenges through creative engagement with diverse institutional and individual stakeholders. The findings offer an innovatTable of ContentsOpening. A Citywide Recentering of Black Life 1. The Roadmap: We Make the Path by Walking Part 1: LEGACY 2. Transformative Justice Framework: Building Black Legacies 3. History Matters: Realities of Redlining in Sacramento Part 2: LEARNING 4. Black Education Matters: A Legacy of Educating Black Children beyond the Walls of Public Schools 5. Poetry as Pedagogy: A Black Educator's Reflection 6. Black in School:: Youth Reflection 7. Doing the Real Work: Community Reflection 8. Honoring the Legacy: Advocacy through Art Part 3: LEADERSHIP 9. Patterns of Possibility: Lessons Learned 10. Community-Based Leadership: License to Operateat the Intersection of Love and Humility 11. The Past Meets the Present: Inside the Build.Black.Coalition Part 4: LIFE 12. Methodology Matters: The Power of Portraiture 13. People Power: Councilmember Phil Serna 14. A Unique Opportunity, a Unique Responsibility: President Chet Hewitt 15. Mothering for Transformation: Kindra Montgomery-Block 16. The President of Helping and Giving: Crystal Harding 17. Revolutionary Relations: Jackie Rose Part 5: LESSONS 18. There's Still More to Do: Community Reflection 19. Wellness Works: Community Reflection 20. The Fire This Time: Youth Reflection 21. Transformative Justice Community: Insights and Implications 22. A Reopening: Futures Forward

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Book SynopsisFaith Made Flesh brings together the experience, insight, and stories of those actively addressing societal and educational disadvantages of Black children in Sacramento, California. Editors Lawrence Torry Winn, Vajra M. Watson, Maisha T. Winn, and Kindra F. Montgomery-Block seek to offer viable solutions to racial injustice by centering the voices of organizers, policymakers, educators, scholars, and young people alike. Focused on the Black Child Legacy Campaign (BCLC), a ten-year community-driven initiative to respond to disproportionate health outcomes, the contributors analyze the impact of the BCLC''s successes, providing an empirically rich narrative of its transformative alliances and radical actions. Through timely and urgent case studies and personal reflections, Faith Made Flesh advances the need to address societal challenges through creative engagement with diverse institutional and individual stakeholders. The findings offer an innovatTable of ContentsOpening. A Citywide Recentering of Black Life 1. The Roadmap: We Make the Path by Walking Part 1: LEGACY 2. Transformative Justice Framework: Building Black Legacies 3. History Matters: Realities of Redlining in Sacramento Part 2: LEARNING 4. Black Education Matters: A Legacy of Educating Black Children beyond the Walls of Public Schools 5. Poetry as Pedagogy: A Black Educator's Reflection 6. Black in School:: Youth Reflection 7. Doing the Real Work: Community Reflection 8. Honoring the Legacy: Advocacy through Art Part 3: LEADERSHIP 9. Patterns of Possibility: Lessons Learned 10. Community-Based Leadership: License to Operateat the Intersection of Love and Humility 11. The Past Meets the Present: Inside the Build.Black.Coalition Part 4: LIFE 12. Methodology Matters: The Power of Portraiture 13. People Power: Councilmember Phil Serna 14. A Unique Opportunity, a Unique Responsibility: President Chet Hewitt 15. Mothering for Transformation: Kindra Montgomery-Block 16. The President of Helping and Giving: Crystal Harding 17. Revolutionary Relations: Jackie Rose Part 5: LESSONS 18. There's Still More to Do: Community Reflection 19. Wellness Works: Community Reflection 20. The Fire This Time: Youth Reflection 21. Transformative Justice Community: Insights and Implications 22. A Reopening: Futures Forward

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Book SynopsisIn Dividing the Public, Matthew Gardner Kelly takes aim at the racial and economic disparities that characterize public education funding in the United States. With California as his focus, Kelly illustrates that the use of local taxes to fund public education was never an inadvertent or de facto product of past practices, but an intentional decision adopted in place of well-known alternatives during the Progressive Era, against past precedent and principle in several states.From efforts to convert expropriated Indigenous and Mexican land into common school funding in the 1850s, to reforms that directed state aid to expanding white suburbs during the years surrounding World War II, Dividing the Public traces, in intricate detail, how a host of policies connected to school funding have divided California by race and class over time. In bringing into view the neglected and poorly understood history of policymaking connected to school finance,

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Book SynopsisIn Dividing the Public, Matthew Gardner Kelly takes aim at the racial and economic disparities that characterize public education funding in the United States. With California as his focus, Kelly illustrates that the use of local taxes to fund public education was never an inadvertent or de facto product of past practices, but an intentional decision adopted in place of well-known alternatives during the Progressive Era, against past precedent and principle in several states.From efforts to convert expropriated Indigenous and Mexican land into common school funding in the 1850s, to reforms that directed state aid to expanding white suburbs during the years surrounding World War II, Dividing the Public traces, in intricate detail, how a host of policies connected to school funding have divided California by race and class over time. In bringing into view the neglected and poorly understood history of policymaking connected to school finance,

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Book SynopsisDrawing on a decade of research into the community that proposed the so-called "Ground Zero Mosque," this book refutes the idea that current demands for Muslim moderation have primarily arisen in response to the events of 9/11, or to the violence often depicted in the media as unique to Muslims. Instead, it looks at a century of pressures on religious minorities to conform to dominant American frameworks for race, gender, and political economy. These include the encouraging of community groups to provide social services to the dispossessed in compensation for the government's lack of welfare provisions in an aggressively capitalist environment. Calls for Muslim moderation in particular are also colored by racist and orientalist stereotypes about the inherent pacifism of Sufis with respect to other groups. The first investigation of the assumptions behind moderate Islam in our country, Making Moderate Islam is also the first to look closely at the history, lives, and ambitions of the those involved in Manhattan's contested project for an Islamic community center.Trade Review"Making Moderate Islam is an important contribution to the urgent questions around Muslims and citizenship. The central characters and debates here are striking, and even dramatic—including a post-9/11 climate, election-year grandstanding, right-wing punditry, think-tank support, and imperial logics of containment—and Corbett does a splendid job of identifying and invoking many of the players, tropes, and consequences of the story of the 'Ground Zero Mosque.'" -- Sohail Daulatzai * author of Black Star, Crescent Moon *"Scholarship on Islam in America has generally overlooked the practices of middle-class Muslims and social elites, who, in the wake of the 2010 'Ground Zero Mosque' controversy, suddenly found themselves under attack despite having played by the rules. By uncovering the historical context of this national anti-Muslim campaign, Corbett demonstrates, in lively prose, how conceptualizations of 'moderate Islam' are the product of an interplay between race, class, and religion in America." -- Kambiz GhaneaBassiri * author of A History of Islam in America *"[T]his is not merely a well-done micro-history with impressive, long-term ethnographic sources. It is, at its core, a book tackling broader and theoretical notions of 'moderate' Islam, American belonging, and the limited acceptance of marginalized bodies within the American body politic...Because Corbett grounds her analysis in the local but focuses throughout on larger issues like race, gender, ethnicity, and religion in America, Making Moderate Islam is a valuable—and eminently teachable—monograph for scholars and students of Islam, America, and religious studies writ large." -- Ilyse R Morgenstein Fuerst * Journal of the American Academy of Religion *"Corbett's conclusion, that limits to inclusion require communities to work with others to achieve their goals rather than separately or some will advance while others remain behind, extrapolates from the case study central to this book to the wider issue of social inclusion and advancement. This book is highly recommended as a thoroughly researched and riveting discussion of how American Muslims negotiate identity, belonging, and acceptance in the United States." -- Clinton Bennett * Religious Studies Review *"Making Moderate Islam is a highly readable, engaging, and important contribution to the ongoing scholarship of Islam in America. Corbett is to be commended in using the "Ground Zero Mosque" controversy as an example of the limits to calls for religious toleration and moderation. The book is also a fascinating introduction to modern American Sufi practice in its various forms."––Salma Ahmad, Reading ReligionTable of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction: Debating Moderate Islam chapter abstractIn December 2009, Feisal Abdul Rauf announced plans to open a thirteen-story Islamic community center in Manhattan. A prominent imam, Sufi shaykh, and the internationally recognized leader of the Cordoba Initiative (founded in 2004 to "heal" the divide between "Islam and the West"), Rauf designed Cordoba House to educate Americans about the truths Islam shares with other faiths and to exemplify the "moderate Islam" he had spent nearly a decade promoting—most notably in his 2004 book. This chapter briefly introduces Rauf's organizations and his primary message of moderation, outlining the political, economic, racial, and gendered components of his philosophy that will be further explored in the rest of the book. Additionally, it discusses how Rauf's narrative of immigrant assimilation both replicates and obscures the racialized tactics previous religious minorities and immigrants used to claim belonging in the U.S. 1Islamic Traditions and Conservative Liberalisms chapter abstractThis chapter parses the central components of Rauf's narrative of moderate Islam in order to reveal the political, economic, and philosophical similarities between Rauf's thought and that of some of his detractors—in particular, Newt Gingrich. These similarities, derived from Rauf's father's work with Gingrich's mentor (American Enterprise Institute neoliberal pundit, Michael Novak) during an era in which white ethnic religious minorities tried to prove their commitments to capitalism, illuminate the racialized tropes of assimilation and inevitable upward mobility many marginalized religious groups have echoed and adapted while explaining their own traditions in ways that demonstrate compatibility with American free-market capitalism and Protestant-derived secularism. 2Service, Anti-socialism, and Contests to Represent American Muslims chapter abstractChapter Two reveals how Feisal Abdul Rauf's father, a high-profile immigrant imam from whom Rauf derived much of his material, worked with Catholic and Jewish neoliberals in the 1970s while competing with other Muslim leaders—particularly, black Americans—to serve as a spokesperson for Muslims in the U.S. The chapter covers the political and economic developments that have given rise to tensions between many black American Muslims and American Muslims of Arab and South Asian ancestry. These tensions, which involve contests since the 1960s over political representation, religious authority, and economic resources, have inspired both black American and immigrant Muslims to emphasize their embrace of free-market capitalism and their participation in community service as they jockey for influence with American elites. 3Sufism and the Moderate Islam of the New Millennium chapter abstractLocating Rauf's Sufi order within the history of Sufism in the U.S., this chapter tracks Rauf's change from a real estate agent and part-time imam into the leader of the ASMA Society, an organization devoted to promoting Sufism in America. It examines the thinkers and leaders who most influenced Rauf, charts Rauf's journey in co-founding the ASMA Society with Daisy Khan (his wife) and Faiz Khan (no relation), then illuminates how and why Rauf and Khan, like Rauf's Jerrahi shaykh decades earlier, shifted from describing their organization as Sufi in orientation to one devoted to cultural appreciation. This is a strategy (entirely sincere) that Rauf's shaykh had followed when Sufi orders where banned in Turkey, and one Rauf and Khan pursued after 9/11, once Americans began to broadly fear "political Islam." 4From Sufism Without Politics to Politics without Sufism chapter abstractThis chapter maps the creation and evolution of Rauf's and Khan's organizations, the ASMA Society and Cordoba Initiative, discussing Rauf's and Khan's shift from describing their work as Sufi, American, and cultural in orientation to interreligious, international, and policy-oriented. In the process, it shows how Rauf's and Khan's goals and self-presentations changed as they attempted to accomplish their objectives while simultaneously meeting different non-Muslim elites' shifting demands for particular kinds of moderate spokespersons. Initially promoting cultural programs and the aesthetic beauty of Islam as a means of building bridges with other Americans, Rauf and Khan increasingly emphasized political goals as they established relationships with national and international leaders and government officials. In the meantime, they also de-emphasized Sufism, which could pose problems for Rauf's status as a Muslim legal authority in some of the countries where he spoke on behalf of the U.S. State Department. 5The Micro-politics of Moderation chapter abstractChapter Five describes some of the racial and ethnic assumptions underlying Rauf's cultural, sociological, and historical writings and explores how Muslims at Rauf's mosque responded to his teachings. It shows how Rauf positioned Sufism as the bridge between a multitude of differences, including those separating immigrant Muslims from black American Muslims, rich Muslims from poor, Sunni from Shi'a, and (in his words) Islam from the West. It focuses, though, on how Rauf's dervishes struggled with aspects of his definition of moderation—particularly Rauf's insistence that Muslims overcome their own limited cultural traditions so as to align their practice of Islam with American democracy and capitalism. Examining some of the issues New York Sufis faced in trying to live this moderate Islam after 2001, I focus on the ways they adopted and altered such arguments so as to deal with the racial, economic, and political disparities they confronted. 6"The Prophet's Feminism": Women's Labor and Women's Leadership chapter abstractChapter Six examines how Muslims dealt with the gaps between Rauf's and Khan's idea of America and the gendered realities of their daily lives. Promoting women's rights was a central component of Rauf's and Khan's work during the decade after 9/11, and they made the same assertions about women's equality as they did about religious and racial equality, presenting it as a fait accompli. For many women who attended Masjid al-Farah, though, gender equality was more elusive—not because they were Muslim, but because social gains for women in the U.S. failed to meet the hopes and promises of liberal feminists. Chapter Six also looks at how attitudes at the mosque toward women's rights activists and toward female religious leaders who were part of the community varied not just in relation to religious doctrine, but in relation to how much these women engaged in various kinds of community service. 7Islam in the Age of Obama: "What's More American than Service?" chapter abstractAs Rauf and Khan spent increasing amounts of time away over the years in order to pursue their ASMA and Cordoba projects, Rauf enjoined his dervishes to take up greater responsibilities of service to their Sufi order and community. As I discuss in this chapter—which includes a larger examination of the politics, hopes, and fears animating the emphasis on community service among American Muslims since the Islamic center controversy—some of Rauf's dervishes interpreted his instructions to serve and to model moderation in ways other than he intended, leading to disagreements over the nature of the Islamic center project, a split within Rauf's group, and to the ultimate demise of Cordoba House as Rauf envisioned it. Charting the controversy over the "Ground Zero Mosque," this chapter concludes with the state of Rauf's organizations five years later. Conclusion: Community Service and the Limits of Inclusion chapter abstractExamining larger Muslim American efforts to prove their patriotism through community service since 2009, the final segment of the book reminds readers of the racism built into dominant U.S. understandings of Muslim moderation and immigrant assimilation. Not only does this account reveal the painful choices that many spokespersons for Muslim Americans face and the gaps between high-minded ideals and the lived experiences of Muslims in the U.S., it also reemphasizes that marginalized groups in America have often gained provisional acceptance (though not always equality) at the expense of others. In so doing, the conclusion to Making Moderate Islam both exposes the power dynamics Muslim Americans are caught in at the beginning of the twenty-first century, as well as calls into question the larger limits of liberal inclusion for religious and racial minorities in the United States and the longer histories of provisional tolerance that have masqueraded as "acceptance."

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Book SynopsisBorn into a tenant farming family in North Carolina in 1946, Mary Louise, Mary Ann, Mary Alice, and Mary Catherine were medical miracles. Annie Mae Fultz, a Black-Cherokee woman who lost her ability to hear and speak in childhood, became the mother of America's first surviving set of identical quadruplets. They were instant celebrities. Their White doctor named them after his own family members. He sold the rights to use the sisters for marketing purposes to the highest-bidding formula company. The girls lived in poverty, while Pet Milk's profits from a previously untapped market of Black families skyrocketed. Over half a century later, baby formula is a seventy-billion-dollar industry and Black mothers have the lowest breastfeeding rates in the country. Since slavery, legal, political, and societal factors have routinely denied Black women the ability to choose how to feed their babies. In Skimmed, Andrea Freeman tells the riveting story of the Fultz quadruplets while uncovering how feeding America's youngest citizens is awash in social, legal, and cultural inequalities. This book highlights the making of a modern public health crisis, the four extraordinary girls whose stories encapsulate a nationwide injustice, and how we can fight for a healthier future.Trade Review"Skimmed provides a powerful portrait of how racism fuels the disparity between who breastfeeds in the U.S. Freeman shows that race continues to matter, even when it comes down to our children's first food, despite many Americans' belief that we are beyond race."—Khiara M. Bridges, University of California, Berkeley"Recovering the remarkable story of the Fultz quadruplets, Andrea Freeman brilliantly reveals how racism, economic inequality, and an unholy alliance between corporations and federal programs create the racial disparity in breastfeeding. Skimmed connects longstanding stereotypes to structural impediments that deny Black mothers the ability to decide for themselves how to feed their babies. This urgent book reveals the deadly consequences of a health crisis that implicates race, gender, economic, food, and reproductive justice."—Dorothy Roberts, author of Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty"This book blew me away. In prose that is equally rigorous and lush, Andrea Freeman walks us into the making of an engineered health crisis through the lives of four Black girls. Skimmed patiently explores the nexus between Blackness and Indigeneity, engineered terror and liberatory possibilities. It is the rare book that my heart will never forget, and my head will always wonder how on earth Freeman pulled this off."—Kiese Laymon, author of Heavy: An American Memoir"Skimmed weaves together the story of the Fultz family with history and legal scholarship to explain how medical coercion and white supremacy have shaped Black communities' access to first food. Offering solutions from food justice organizers, Andrea Freeman shows us a path to supporting families who want to breastfeed."—Dani McClain, author of We Live for the We: The Political Power of Black Motherhood"'Wow!' is my understated expression while reading, pausing and writing notes [on Skimmed]. It is a defining read alongside Bryan Stevenson's Just Mercy....Anyone who will listen to me, I am telling about Skimmed."—Wenonah Valentine, MBA, Founder in Residence and Executive Director, iDREAM for Racial Health Equity, a project of Community PartnersTable of ContentsIntroduction: A Formula for Discrimination 1. The Famous Fultz Quads 2. Black Breastfeeding in America 4. The Bad Black Mother 5. When Formula Rules 6. Legalizing Breast Milk 7. The Fultz Quads after Pet Milk Conclusion: "First Food" Freedom

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Book SynopsisAs immigrants settle in new places, they are faced with endless uncertainties that prevent them from feeling that they belong. From language barriers, to differing social norms, to legal boundaries separating them from established residents, they are constantly navigating shifting and contradictory expectations both to assimilate to their new culture and to honor their native one. In A Place to Call Home, Ernesto Castañeda offers a uniquely comparative portrait of immigrant expectations and experiences. Drawing on fourteen years of ethnographic observation and hundreds of interviews with documented and undocumented immigrants and their children, Castañeda sets out to determine how different locations can aid or disrupt the process of immigrant integration. Focusing on New York City, Paris, and Barcelona—immigration hubs in their respective countries—he compares the experiences of both Latino and North African migrants, and finds that subjective understandings, local contexts, national and regional history, and religious institutions are all factors that profoundly impact the personal journey to belonging.Trade Review"Based on extensive fieldwork in three immigrant-receiving cities, this book provides a rich first-hand look at how immigrants adapt and react to different contexts of reception and how these contexts affect long-term outcomes for their foreign-origin populations. A valuable and original contribution to the study of immigration and ethnicity." -- Alejandro Portes * Princeton University *"This brilliant transnational ethnography illuminates how immigrants constantly negotiate their host communities and their native ones. An astounding fourteen years of painstaking fieldwork provide a one-of-a-kind look at the lives of undocumented and documented immigrants within international, national, and community contexts. This social science masterpiece provides a definitive analysis on what must be done to improve the integration process for vulnerable immigrant populations." -- Victor M. Rios * University of California, Santa Barbara *"A Place to Call Home deepens our knowledge of how place matters in shaping immigrant integration. This book is an important contribution to the study of immigration and cities and leads to more interesting questions...The insights uncovered by this work have important implications for designing better policy for welcoming immigrants into cities."––Jackelyn Hwang, American Journal of Sociology"[Castañeda] develops a rich dialogue between prior research, survey respondents, and ethnographic insights for each city. A Place to Call Home will make an appealing addition to undergraduate or graduate courses in sociology, politics, immigration, citizenship, religion, and ethnic studies."–– Stephen P. Ruszczyk, Sociological Forum

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Book SynopsisAs immigrants settle in new places, they are faced with endless uncertainties that prevent them from feeling that they belong. From language barriers, to differing social norms, to legal boundaries separating them from established residents, they are constantly navigating shifting and contradictory expectations both to assimilate to their new culture and to honor their native one. In A Place to Call Home, Ernesto Castañeda offers a uniquely comparative portrait of immigrant expectations and experiences. Drawing on fourteen years of ethnographic observation and hundreds of interviews with documented and undocumented immigrants and their children, Castañeda sets out to determine how different locations can aid or disrupt the process of immigrant integration. Focusing on New York City, Paris, and Barcelona—immigration hubs in their respective countries—he compares the experiences of both Latino and North African migrants, and finds that subjective understandings, local contexts, national and regional history, and religious institutions are all factors that profoundly impact the personal journey to belonging.Trade Review"Based on extensive fieldwork in three immigrant-receiving cities, this book provides a rich first-hand look at how immigrants adapt and react to different contexts of reception and how these contexts affect long-term outcomes for their foreign-origin populations. A valuable and original contribution to the study of immigration and ethnicity." -- Alejandro Portes * Princeton University *"This brilliant transnational ethnography illuminates how immigrants constantly negotiate their host communities and their native ones. An astounding fourteen years of painstaking fieldwork provide a one-of-a-kind look at the lives of undocumented and documented immigrants within international, national, and community contexts. This social science masterpiece provides a definitive analysis on what must be done to improve the integration process for vulnerable immigrant populations." -- Victor M. Rios * University of California, Santa Barbara *"A Place to Call Home deepens our knowledge of how place matters in shaping immigrant integration. This book is an important contribution to the study of immigration and cities and leads to more interesting questions...The insights uncovered by this work have important implications for designing better policy for welcoming immigrants into cities."––Jackelyn Hwang, American Journal of Sociology"[Castañeda] develops a rich dialogue between prior research, survey respondents, and ethnographic insights for each city. A Place to Call Home will make an appealing addition to undergraduate or graduate courses in sociology, politics, immigration, citizenship, religion, and ethnic studies."–– Stephen P. Ruszczyk, Sociological Forum

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Book SynopsisIndigenous people in Colombia constitute a mere three percent of the national population. Colombian indigenous communities' success in gaining collective control of almost thirty percent of the national territory is nothing short of extraordinary. In Managing Multiculturalism, Jean E. Jackson examines the evolution of the Colombian indigenous movement over the course of her forty-plus years of research and fieldwork, offering unusually developed and nuanced insight into how indigenous communities and activists changed over time, as well as how she the ethnographer and scholar evolved in turn. The story of how indigenous organizing began, found its voice, established alliances, and won battles against the government and the Catholic Church has important implications for the indigenous cause internationally and for understanding all manner of rights organizing. Integrating case studies with commentaries on the movement's development, Jackson explores the politicization and deployment of multiculturalism, indigenous identity, and neoliberalism, as well as changing conceptions of cultural value and authenticity—including issues such as patrimony, heritage, and ethnic tourism. Both ethnography and recent history of the Latin American indigenous movement, this works traces the ideas motivating indigenous movements in regional and global relief, and with unprecedented breadth and depth. Trade Review"Engaging, informed, and provocative, this book is a must-read from one of the leading lights of indigenous studies. Jean Jackson brings five decades of work with indigenous people to bear on contemporary debates. Managing Multiculturalism offers a major intervention into legal pluralism, reindigenization, and multiculturalist discourses."—Andrew Canessa, University of Essex"A deep and impressive work of historical ethnography. With tact and critical rigor, Jean Jackson interrogates her own changing attitudes over a half-century of research in Colombia. The result is an acute analysis of new performances of 'indigeneity' that renew and reinvent old traditions in contexts of neoliberal multiculturalism. Jackson offers provocative stories and resonant images that force us to grapple with the paradoxes and contradictions of entangled cultural transformation. Never content with simple answers, she sustains an engaged, self-critical realism, open to surprise and contingency."—James Clifford, author of Returns: Becoming Indigenous in the Twenty-First Century"Managing Multiculturalism is a powerful braided narrative. Jean Jackson traces, how, over time, indigenous people in Colombia have struggled to define themselves, constructing notions of cultural belonging that are increasingly tied to ever more complex political structures and legal foundations. Jackson also uses the recent history of indigenous identity formation as a frame for questioning the development of her own ideas about cultural authenticity, pointing out the limitations that ethnographers and other social analysts—both Colombian and from the global North—have faced over the years in trying to square the circle, by unsuccessfully forcing a multifarious process to conform to anthropological notions of culture. Taking readers by the hand and leading them, step by step, through the analytical quandaries she faced and the mistakes she confesses to have made, Jackson uses her personal experience to expose the fault-lines of indigenous studies."—Joanne Rappaport, Georgetown University"[Jackson] provides a nuanced, personal account of how the goals of indigenous communities and local community activists have changed over time.Managing Multiculturalism is an impressive work of historical ethnography and amply demonstrates the fruitfulness of long-term ethnographic research."––S. D. Glazier, Choice"Jackson's highly readable monograph makes an important contribution to the literature about ethnicity, identity formation, and interstate and ethnic-minority relations....[It] offers a much-needed look into the political organization of indigenous groups in the tropical forest."—Brett Troyan, Journal of Interdisciplinary History"[A] provocative meditation on the struggle for Indigenous recognition in Colombia....Jackson, one of the leading anthropologists of Latin America, brings five decades of experience to bear in telling this story. [Her] commitment to Colombia and its Indigenous movement(s) is clear."—María Elena García, Native American and Indigenous Studies Journal"While multiculturalism is often considered a rather innocuous if circular concept that 'does' what it 'is,' Jackson deftly illustrates multiple ways that it is edgily ideological and often cynically governmental, focused as much or more on containment and control as on acceptance and plurality....Managing Multiculturalism more than succeeds in illuminating the value of reflective and engaged anthropological work over the long span of a career that provides intellectual, analytical, and testimonial dimensions to cultural survival and indigenous human rights in the Americas."—Kathleen S. Fine-Dare, American Ethnologist"[Offers] valuable insight on indigenous politics in Colombia. Jackson expertly deploys the concept of indigeneity to tie together a broader reflection on the evolution of her 'object of study, methodology, and theoretical approach' and reviews in great detail over four decades of rights development and indigenous cultural politics."—Marcela Velasco, Revista de Estudios Colombianos"Jackson's historical analysis provides useful elements for tracing the entanglements of indigenous strategies and complex, often contradictory, political and legal contexts....[The] rich examples and informed, thought-provoking discussion of how the meanings and performances of indigeneity have changed over time make Managing Multiculturalism a must-read for anyone interested in indigenous studies and in broader questions about cultural difference."—Giovanna Micarelli, Wasafiri"Jean Jackson's Managing Multiculturalism... is an insightful and compelling appraisal of the organization and mobilization by indigenous people in Colombia since the 1970s as a distinctive indigenous movement. For Jackson, this process has been both cause and effect of a broader one: a notable shift among Colombians from anxiety about, to celebration of indigenous belonging."—Sebastián De La Rosa Carriazo, H-LatAmTable of ContentsIntroduction: 1. Indigenous Colombia 2. Tukanoan Culture and the Issue of "Culture" 3. The State's Presence in the Vaupés Increases 4. The Indigenous Movement and Rights 5. Reindigenization and Its Discontents Conclusion: Indigeneity's Ironies and Contradictions

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Book SynopsisExposing ethical dilemmas of neuroscientific research on violence, this book warns against a dystopian future in which behavior is narrowly defined in relation to our biological makeup. Biological explanations for violence have existed for centuries, as has criticism of this kind of deterministic science, haunted by a long history of horrific abuse. Yet, this program has endured because of, and not despite, its notorious legacy. Today's scientists are well beyond the nature versus nurture debate. Instead, they contend that scientific progress has led to a nature and nurture, biological and social, stance that allows it to avoid the pitfalls of the past. In Conviction Oliver Rollins cautions against this optimism, arguing that the way these categories are imagined belies a dangerous continuity between past and present. The late 1980s ushered in a wave of techno-scientific advancements in the genetic and brain sciences. Rollins focuses on an often-ignored strand of research, the neuroscience of violence, which he argues became a key player in the larger conversation about the biological origins of criminal, violent behavior. Using powerful technologies, neuroscientists have rationalized an idea of the violent brain—or a brain that bears the marks of predisposition toward "dangerousness." Drawing on extensive analysis of neurobiological research, interviews with neuroscientists, and participant observation, Rollins finds that this construct of the brain is ill-equipped to deal with the complexities and contradictions of the social world, much less the ethical implications of informing treatment based on such simplified definitions. Rollins warns of the potentially devastating effects of a science that promises to "predict" criminals before the crime is committed, in a world that already understands violence largely through a politic of inequality.Trade Review"With the emergence of fMRI technology in the 1990s, neuroscientists have attempted to explain violent behavior by locating specific brainwave activity. However, because of the fluidity of the boundaries that define "violence," it has been a bumpy road. With Conviction, Oliver Rollins has made a significant contribution to explaining why the path has been so fraught—providing a 'sociology of knowledge' construction that illuminates how the scaffolding of key concepts have come into play, and as often, into conflict."—Troy Duster, Chancellor's Professor Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley"Oliver Rollins brilliantly probes claims by contemporary neuroscientists that brain science can investigate racist behavior divorced from bio-criminology's past promotion of biological determinism and racist stereotypes. He incisively exposes the social assumptions embedded in the new neuroscientific model of violence—the "violent brain"—and shows how researchers' attempts to ignore race actually help to perpetuate racist myths about potential criminals. Conviction makes an essential contribution to our understanding of the promises and pitfalls of biosocial science."—Dorothy Roberts, author of Fatal Invention"Conviction is a vital book that pushes social scientific critiques of neuroscience onto more sophisticated terrain. The biologization of crime and violence is a seductive and dangerous idea that scientists cannot seem to resist, even with all its ethical baggage. Concerned social scientists must meet it with arguments that are not recycled from the last battle but engage with the contemporary manifestations of this bad idea."—Owen Whooley, New Genetics and Society"Conviction is a fascinating book that addresses core issues in medical sociology, science studies, the sociology of race, biopolitics, and the sociology of knowledge.... [W]hat we get here is a nuanced, deeply researched portrait of a scientific program that is rife with political problems and uncertainty, wherein scientists' failed efforts to deal with 'the social' demand that we pursue bolder sociological engagements with science."—Paige L. Sweet, American Journal of Sociology"Rollins's final product is a sensible and respectful critique of modern neuroscience and its ambition to succeed in proposing a neutral and complete understanding of violence, where the brain is both the question and the solution and broader social contingencies are overlooked altogether. The book spares readers the redundant free will rhetoric attacking the flaws of biological determinism—which is very welcome. Instead, it confronts readers with a paramount limitation of the neuroscience of violence that is far more concrete, timely, and truly worth of consideration in interdisciplinary discussions on neuroscience, law, and society."—Federica Coppola, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Books"Conviction arrives at a timely moment in which controversial questions surrounding neurological maturity, culpability, and future dangerousness present immediate concerns in the criminal justice system.... Rollins' blending of sociological and medical knowledge makes for a thorough and persuasive argument about the persistence of colorblind racial logics at the intersection of neuroscience and criminology."—Ernest K. Chavez, Law & Society ReviewTable of Contents1. Biology, Violence, and the Continued Debate 2. Finding the "Fit" 3. "Picturing" Risky Brains 4. Beyond Determinism? 5. The Taboo of Race 6. Fixing Violent Brains 7. The Limits of Scientific Conviction

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Book SynopsisBorders of Belonging investigates a pressing but previously unexplored aspect of immigration in America—the impact of immigration policies and practices not only on undocumented migrants, but also on their family members, some of whom possess a form of legal status. Heide Castañeda reveals the trauma, distress, and inequalities that occur daily, alongside the stratification of particular family members' access to resources like education, employment, and health care. She also paints a vivid picture of the resilience, resistance, creative responses, and solidarity between parents and children, siblings, and other kin. Castañeda's innovative ethnography combines fieldwork with individuals and family groups to paint a full picture of the experiences of mixed-status families as they navigate the emotional, social, political, and medical difficulties that inevitably arise when at least one family member lacks legal status. Exposing the extreme conditions in the heavily-regulated U.S./Mexico borderlands, this book presents a portentous vision of how the further encroachment of immigration enforcement would affect millions of mixed-status families throughout the country.Trade Review"In this superior work of scholarship, Heide Castañeda allows readers to experience the sorrow, pain, and trauma current immigration laws and practices have inflicted not just on undocumented migrants, but also on their family members with some form of legal status. Engaging and brilliantly observed, Borders of Belonging makes an incredibly timely and policy-relevant argument about the interlocking fates within mixed-status families. This book is poised for instant success within and beyond the classroom." -- Roberto G. Gonzales * author of Lives in Limbo: Undocumented and Coming of Age in America *"This book's investigations into sibling relationships, the Rio Grande region, and the impacts of illegalization on U.S. citizen family members is important and original. Through the use of compassionate personal narratives, Castañeda humanizes the anguish and resilience of the book's protagonists. An essential and engrossing read." -- Susan Bibler Coutin * University of California, Irvine *"Borders of Belonging is a brilliant, powerful, unprecedented book. It is an absolute must read for everyone. This book is critical not only for all who are interested in immigration in the United States and around the world, but also for anyone who cares about families, children, and parents. Castañeda skillfully portrays real families in the Rio Grande Valley who are navigating the unintended, harmful consequences of immigration and social policies, displaying their deep compassion and care for one another. As they experience powerful discrimination and racism, these families display resilience and solidarity across lines of difference, actively resisting inequality in their midst. The families and individuals—immigrants and citizens—whom the reader comes to know in these pages offer us all models for a more healthy and equal society and teach us important lessons for our communities, schools, health care systems, and public policies." -- Seth M. Holmes * author of Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies: Migrant Farmworkers in the United States *"This work powerfully and effectively addresses the situation of undocumented migrants to the United States caught up in the larger political crisis of immigration policies and enforcement. This inspired and moving work of ethnography is cast at the level of everyday life and the complexities of undocumented status, though the author fully grasps the formal levels of policy making and enforcement that led to such difficult challenges for families in the Rio Grande borderlands...Recommended."––G. E. Marcus, CHOICE"One of Castañeda's contributions lies in legitimizing the family as a uniform social unit with potential for action and adaptation in the face of adverse conditions. By positing the family as a mediator of culture, Castañeda redefines the boundaries of social life and the ways they can be understood to gauge the impacts of policies that, though aimed at individuals, inevitably affect those around them."––Javier Porras Madera, NACLA Report on the Americas"Borders of Belonging illuminates a poorly understood aspect of life in a way that is compelling, clear, theoretically and methodologically grounded, timely and compassionate....essential reading for anyone who wishes to understand the complex and layered human experience of immigration in the United States today." -- Faidra Papavasiliou * General Anthropology *"Drawing on meticulous ethnographic interviews with various members of families in the Rio Grande Valley, Castañeda tells a fascinating story, nuanced and attentive to the specifics of the geographic region of 'the Valley'....Future research should build off this excellent work and document similarities and differences across varying geographic and local contexts throughout the United States and, perhaps, around the world." -- Joanna Dreby * Social Forces *"Borders of Belonging is an essential read for anyone seeking to understand the lived experience of US immigration laws and their enforcement....[An] insightful examination into both the visible and invisible effects of US immigration policy." -- Jane Lilly López * Journal of American Ethnic History *"Borders of Belongingis a policy-relevant and accessible piece of work that provides extremely significant insight in the spill-over effects of tightened border control and draconian migration policies. Through vivid descriptions of the harmful consequences of these policies, the book attests to the ways in which family members become the 'collateral damages' of these politics of migration. I appreciate Heide Castañeda's commitment to bringing to life the daily reality of mixed-status families as they navigate borders, belonging and family-life." -- Elsemieke van Osch * Border Criminologies *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction: Illegality and the Immigrant Family chapter abstractThis chapter lays out the three main arguments of the book: (1) that the construction of "illegality" for some members in a family influences opportunities and resources for all, including legal residents and U.S. citizens; (2) that people are not simply passive victims of this circumstance, but are resilient and creative, and mobilize to challenge its effects; and (3) that the incorporation experiences of mixed-status families are significantly framed by place, in this case the U.S.–Mexico border region. The chapter defines "mixed-status" families as those comprised of at least one undocumented member and at least one other person with any authorized legal status or transitional status. It also describes the study methods and outlines the chapters of the book. 1Belonging in the Borderlands chapter abstractThis chapter examines how local context uniquely shapes pathways of incorporation and the everyday experiences of mixed-status families. Local configurations of laws, practices, and attitudes reflect how specific geographic settings provide unique mobilities, resources, opportunities, and disadvantages. Place matters. The chapter examines the geographic, cultural, and political landscape of the Rio Grande Valley of South Texas, which in some ways may be viewed as a pocket of inclusion because of its ethnic makeup, the dominance of the Spanish language, and its strong binational frame of reference. However, the historical marginalization and illegalization of Mexican migration through U.S. immigration laws provide an important backdrop for understanding the experience of illegality for families. This is strengthened by relentless and constant surveillance associated with the militarized border, including checkpoints that supplement and intensify interior enforcement. 2United Yet Divided: Mixed-Status Family Dynamics chapter abstractThis chapter examines the dynamics of mixed-status families, including shared norms, interpersonal tensions, and systems of mutual support. As legal status stratifies the household, creating divisions and even resentment, the central pattern is nonetheless family unity. Family relationships necessarily challenge simplistic distinctions between citizens and immigrants, and underscore the impossibility of assigning rigid juridical categories to entangled social lives. Juxtaposing the perspectives of various members within the same family illustrates how those experiences played out in complex ways. Mutual support is critical, and certain family members take on specific roles. Finally, the progress of the entire family and the social mobility of subsequent generations are viewed as linked to children's educational success. 3"Little Lies": Disclosure and Relationships Beyond the Family chapter abstractThis chapter turns outward to explore relationships between mixed-status families and others in their communities. Disclosure—that is, to whom, when, and why people talk about their own or their family's status—is a major concern, with both undocumented persons and U.S. citizens describing "little lies," acts of concealment, and feeling as if they must live a double life. Even close friendships and intimate romantic relationships are affected, as those in mixed-status families face difficulties adhering to normative expectations of dating and courtship. Disclosure is weighed against the possible repercussions, including stigmatization, discrimination, ridicule, and fear of denunciation by friends, lovers, neighbors, co-workers, and even other family members. Finally, the chapter explores empowered disclosure, or strategic "coming out" as undocumented, and its role in creating new identities and political subjectivities. 4Estamos Encerrados: Im/mobilities in the Borderlands chapter abstractThis chapter focuses on spatial restrictions to mobility, including the various checkpoints, the fear of driving that exposes people to apprehension, and the racialization of illegality and its effects on inspection practices. Legal status within the family becomes embodied as stratified forms of mobility. Many people are relegated to life within this small strip along the border, and describe feeling "trapped in a cage." The geographies of policing mobility in the border region are distinct by virtue of the constraints of the international border, the 100-mile buffer zone, and specific enforcement practices. Due to shifting legal terrains and requirements, a range of legal driving opportunities often coexist within a single family. For everyday driving practice and during inspection at one of the many checkpoints, racialization is a recurring theme. The chapter shows how fear, anxiety, and pressure are all part of the affective nature of the dynamic borderlands. 5Additional Borders: Education, Work, and Social Mobility chapter abstractThis chapter examines the social mobility of children who grow up in mixed-status families, including the barriers and secondary borders they encounter as they try to go to college, obtain jobs, and become independent. Early experiences in schools are generally inclusive and positive, but this shifts in high school and with the pressures of applying for and attending college. Youth living in the borderlands may be unable or unwilling to attend college in the nation's interior, past the Border Patrol checkpoints, including U.S. citizens who restrict themselves from moving away from undocumented family members, thus affecting their own social mobility. Financial barriers, discrimination, and feelings of alienation coexist alongside educational success in college. Rarely explored elsewhere has been young adults' desire to enlist in the U.S. military or Border Patrol; both are common career paths in this region with few alternative well-paying jobs. 6Unequal Access: Health and Well-Being chapter abstractSimply being part of a mixed-status family can result in poorer health and unequal access to care, creating hierarchies between individual family members. Health policies have multiple direct and indirect impacts specifically on these families, including their hesitancy to enroll citizen children in programs due to fear of deportation or to avoid jeopardizing chances of future regularization. As formal systems fail to meet the needs of a large segment of the population, alternative and informal channels of care proliferate, including illicit medications, unlicensed providers, and home treatments. Heavy border enforcement impacts mixed-status families when specialty care is required outside the region, as well as exacerbating stress and anxiety. Some families avoid enrolling eligible members in programs as notions of "deservingness" are internalized. This has a chilling effect that extends to U.S. citizens, meaning that they are discouraged from the exercise of their rights, a form of "multigenerational punishment." 7Family Separation: Deportation, Removal, and Return chapter abstractThis chapter examines family separation through deportation, illustrating how the detention and deportation of relatives shapes children's sense of security and well-being, and increases economic uncertainty in the household. The chapter follows several families whose members have experienced deportation, as well as the elaborate "emergency planning" measures they develop in case of family separation. This shifts household power dynamics, empowering citizen children in a complex micropolitical economy of deportability. Finally, the chapter explores how deported family members are brought back, reliant upon on ties in Mexico, connections to smugglers, and their ability to pay. Geographic context changes the landscape of deportability, making security much more precarious in the borderlands than in other parts of the United States. 8Fixing Papers: Status Adjustment in Mixed-Status Families chapter abstractMixed-status families have an intimate relationship with the law, most evident when individuals undergo regularization, or "fix their papers." Law impacts family bonds in distinct ways, often shifting or reversing power relations between parents and children. It also empowers children, who finally feel they have agency and control over their family's destiny. The chapter also provides rich stories of DACA recipients in their transition from undocumented to "DACAmented," a status that was experienced as precarious and that solidified prior and produced new forms of inequality. For some, there are simply "dead ends" in the regularization process. Finally, for those who are successful in obtaining legal relief or status, another peril looms: jealousy, stratification, and hierarchies created within families and communities because others are left behind. The flip side is survivor's guilt; once people regularize their status, they avoid seeming boastful or fostering bitterness or resentment. Conclusion chapter abstractThe book concludes with a reflection on the lessons learned from the 100 families in this book, arguing that political efforts toward reform or social integration must take into account mixed-status family configurations, since they are now a primary and enduring feature of the contemporary immigration experience in the United States. The book complicates the idea of living "in the shadows" as it is used in scholarly and popular discourse, instead portraying mixed-status families as resilient, socially engaged, and living as active members of their communities. Yet the daily lives of some 16.7 million people in mixed-status families are marked by uncertainty and exclusion. The chapter summarizes both the scholarly and policy implications of the themes presented in the book. Through a deeper understanding of their experiences, we can work toward policies that lift communities up rather than exacerbate inequalities.

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Book SynopsisIndigenous people in Colombia constitute a mere three percent of the national population. Colombian indigenous communities' success in gaining collective control of almost thirty percent of the national territory is nothing short of extraordinary. In Managing Multiculturalism, Jean E. Jackson examines the evolution of the Colombian indigenous movement over the course of her forty-plus years of research and fieldwork, offering unusually developed and nuanced insight into how indigenous communities and activists changed over time, as well as how she the ethnographer and scholar evolved in turn. The story of how indigenous organizing began, found its voice, established alliances, and won battles against the government and the Catholic Church has important implications for the indigenous cause internationally and for understanding all manner of rights organizing. Integrating case studies with commentaries on the movement's development, Jackson explores the politicization and deployment of multiculturalism, indigenous identity, and neoliberalism, as well as changing conceptions of cultural value and authenticity—including issues such as patrimony, heritage, and ethnic tourism. Both ethnography and recent history of the Latin American indigenous movement, this works traces the ideas motivating indigenous movements in regional and global relief, and with unprecedented breadth and depth. Trade Review"Engaging, informed, and provocative, this book is a must-read from one of the leading lights of indigenous studies. Jean Jackson brings five decades of work with indigenous people to bear on contemporary debates. Managing Multiculturalism offers a major intervention into legal pluralism, reindigenization, and multiculturalist discourses."—Andrew Canessa, University of Essex"A deep and impressive work of historical ethnography. With tact and critical rigor, Jean Jackson interrogates her own changing attitudes over a half-century of research in Colombia. The result is an acute analysis of new performances of 'indigeneity' that renew and reinvent old traditions in contexts of neoliberal multiculturalism. Jackson offers provocative stories and resonant images that force us to grapple with the paradoxes and contradictions of entangled cultural transformation. Never content with simple answers, she sustains an engaged, self-critical realism, open to surprise and contingency."—James Clifford, author of Returns: Becoming Indigenous in the Twenty-First Century"Managing Multiculturalism is a powerful braided narrative. Jean Jackson traces, how, over time, indigenous people in Colombia have struggled to define themselves, constructing notions of cultural belonging that are increasingly tied to ever more complex political structures and legal foundations. Jackson also uses the recent history of indigenous identity formation as a frame for questioning the development of her own ideas about cultural authenticity, pointing out the limitations that ethnographers and other social analysts—both Colombian and from the global North—have faced over the years in trying to square the circle, by unsuccessfully forcing a multifarious process to conform to anthropological notions of culture. Taking readers by the hand and leading them, step by step, through the analytical quandaries she faced and the mistakes she confesses to have made, Jackson uses her personal experience to expose the fault-lines of indigenous studies."—Joanne Rappaport, Georgetown University"[Jackson] provides a nuanced, personal account of how the goals of indigenous communities and local community activists have changed over time.Managing Multiculturalism is an impressive work of historical ethnography and amply demonstrates the fruitfulness of long-term ethnographic research."––S. D. Glazier, Choice"Jackson's highly readable monograph makes an important contribution to the literature about ethnicity, identity formation, and interstate and ethnic-minority relations....[It] offers a much-needed look into the political organization of indigenous groups in the tropical forest."—Brett Troyan, Journal of Interdisciplinary History"[A] provocative meditation on the struggle for Indigenous recognition in Colombia....Jackson, one of the leading anthropologists of Latin America, brings five decades of experience to bear in telling this story. [Her] commitment to Colombia and its Indigenous movement(s) is clear."—María Elena García, Native American and Indigenous Studies Journal"While multiculturalism is often considered a rather innocuous if circular concept that 'does' what it 'is,' Jackson deftly illustrates multiple ways that it is edgily ideological and often cynically governmental, focused as much or more on containment and control as on acceptance and plurality....Managing Multiculturalism more than succeeds in illuminating the value of reflective and engaged anthropological work over the long span of a career that provides intellectual, analytical, and testimonial dimensions to cultural survival and indigenous human rights in the Americas."—Kathleen S. Fine-Dare, American Ethnologist"[Offers] valuable insight on indigenous politics in Colombia. Jackson expertly deploys the concept of indigeneity to tie together a broader reflection on the evolution of her 'object of study, methodology, and theoretical approach' and reviews in great detail over four decades of rights development and indigenous cultural politics."—Marcela Velasco, Revista de Estudios Colombianos"Jackson's historical analysis provides useful elements for tracing the entanglements of indigenous strategies and complex, often contradictory, political and legal contexts....[The] rich examples and informed, thought-provoking discussion of how the meanings and performances of indigeneity have changed over time make Managing Multiculturalism a must-read for anyone interested in indigenous studies and in broader questions about cultural difference."—Giovanna Micarelli, Wasafiri"Jean Jackson's Managing Multiculturalism... is an insightful and compelling appraisal of the organization and mobilization by indigenous people in Colombia since the 1970s as a distinctive indigenous movement. For Jackson, this process has been both cause and effect of a broader one: a notable shift among Colombians from anxiety about, to celebration of indigenous belonging."—Sebastián De La Rosa Carriazo, H-LatAmTable of ContentsIntroduction: 1. Indigenous Colombia 2. Tukanoan Culture and the Issue of "Culture" 3. The State's Presence in the Vaupés Increases 4. The Indigenous Movement and Rights 5. Reindigenization and Its Discontents Conclusion: Indigeneity's Ironies and Contradictions

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Book SynopsisBorders of Belonging investigates a pressing but previously unexplored aspect of immigration in America—the impact of immigration policies and practices not only on undocumented migrants, but also on their family members, some of whom possess a form of legal status. Heide Castañeda reveals the trauma, distress, and inequalities that occur daily, alongside the stratification of particular family members' access to resources like education, employment, and health care. She also paints a vivid picture of the resilience, resistance, creative responses, and solidarity between parents and children, siblings, and other kin. Castañeda's innovative ethnography combines fieldwork with individuals and family groups to paint a full picture of the experiences of mixed-status families as they navigate the emotional, social, political, and medical difficulties that inevitably arise when at least one family member lacks legal status. Exposing the extreme conditions in the heavily-regulated U.S./Mexico borderlands, this book presents a portentous vision of how the further encroachment of immigration enforcement would affect millions of mixed-status families throughout the country.Trade Review"In this superior work of scholarship, Heide Castañeda allows readers to experience the sorrow, pain, and trauma current immigration laws and practices have inflicted not just on undocumented migrants, but also on their family members with some form of legal status. Engaging and brilliantly observed, Borders of Belonging makes an incredibly timely and policy-relevant argument about the interlocking fates within mixed-status families. This book is poised for instant success within and beyond the classroom." -- Roberto G. Gonzales * author of Lives in Limbo: Undocumented and Coming of Age in America *"This book's investigations into sibling relationships, the Rio Grande region, and the impacts of illegalization on U.S. citizen family members is important and original. Through the use of compassionate personal narratives, Castañeda humanizes the anguish and resilience of the book's protagonists. An essential and engrossing read." -- Susan Bibler Coutin * University of California, Irvine *"Borders of Belonging is a brilliant, powerful, unprecedented book. It is an absolute must read for everyone. This book is critical not only for all who are interested in immigration in the United States and around the world, but also for anyone who cares about families, children, and parents. Castañeda skillfully portrays real families in the Rio Grande Valley who are navigating the unintended, harmful consequences of immigration and social policies, displaying their deep compassion and care for one another. As they experience powerful discrimination and racism, these families display resilience and solidarity across lines of difference, actively resisting inequality in their midst. The families and individuals—immigrants and citizens—whom the reader comes to know in these pages offer us all models for a more healthy and equal society and teach us important lessons for our communities, schools, health care systems, and public policies." -- Seth M. Holmes * author of Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies: Migrant Farmworkers in the United States *"This work powerfully and effectively addresses the situation of undocumented migrants to the United States caught up in the larger political crisis of immigration policies and enforcement. This inspired and moving work of ethnography is cast at the level of everyday life and the complexities of undocumented status, though the author fully grasps the formal levels of policy making and enforcement that led to such difficult challenges for families in the Rio Grande borderlands...Recommended."––G. E. Marcus, CHOICE"One of Castañeda's contributions lies in legitimizing the family as a uniform social unit with potential for action and adaptation in the face of adverse conditions. By positing the family as a mediator of culture, Castañeda redefines the boundaries of social life and the ways they can be understood to gauge the impacts of policies that, though aimed at individuals, inevitably affect those around them."––Javier Porras Madera, NACLA Report on the Americas"Borders of Belonging illuminates a poorly understood aspect of life in a way that is compelling, clear, theoretically and methodologically grounded, timely and compassionate....essential reading for anyone who wishes to understand the complex and layered human experience of immigration in the United States today." -- Faidra Papavasiliou * General Anthropology *"Drawing on meticulous ethnographic interviews with various members of families in the Rio Grande Valley, Castañeda tells a fascinating story, nuanced and attentive to the specifics of the geographic region of 'the Valley'....Future research should build off this excellent work and document similarities and differences across varying geographic and local contexts throughout the United States and, perhaps, around the world." -- Joanna Dreby * Social Forces *"Borders of Belonging is an essential read for anyone seeking to understand the lived experience of US immigration laws and their enforcement....[An] insightful examination into both the visible and invisible effects of US immigration policy." -- Jane Lilly López * Journal of American Ethnic History *"Borders of Belongingis a policy-relevant and accessible piece of work that provides extremely significant insight in the spill-over effects of tightened border control and draconian migration policies. Through vivid descriptions of the harmful consequences of these policies, the book attests to the ways in which family members become the 'collateral damages' of these politics of migration. I appreciate Heide Castañeda's commitment to bringing to life the daily reality of mixed-status families as they navigate borders, belonging and family-life." -- Elsemieke van Osch * Border Criminologies *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction: Illegality and the Immigrant Family chapter abstractThis chapter lays out the three main arguments of the book: (1) that the construction of "illegality" for some members in a family influences opportunities and resources for all, including legal residents and U.S. citizens; (2) that people are not simply passive victims of this circumstance, but are resilient and creative, and mobilize to challenge its effects; and (3) that the incorporation experiences of mixed-status families are significantly framed by place, in this case the U.S.–Mexico border region. The chapter defines "mixed-status" families as those comprised of at least one undocumented member and at least one other person with any authorized legal status or transitional status. It also describes the study methods and outlines the chapters of the book. 1Belonging in the Borderlands chapter abstractThis chapter examines how local context uniquely shapes pathways of incorporation and the everyday experiences of mixed-status families. Local configurations of laws, practices, and attitudes reflect how specific geographic settings provide unique mobilities, resources, opportunities, and disadvantages. Place matters. The chapter examines the geographic, cultural, and political landscape of the Rio Grande Valley of South Texas, which in some ways may be viewed as a pocket of inclusion because of its ethnic makeup, the dominance of the Spanish language, and its strong binational frame of reference. However, the historical marginalization and illegalization of Mexican migration through U.S. immigration laws provide an important backdrop for understanding the experience of illegality for families. This is strengthened by relentless and constant surveillance associated with the militarized border, including checkpoints that supplement and intensify interior enforcement. 2United Yet Divided: Mixed-Status Family Dynamics chapter abstractThis chapter examines the dynamics of mixed-status families, including shared norms, interpersonal tensions, and systems of mutual support. As legal status stratifies the household, creating divisions and even resentment, the central pattern is nonetheless family unity. Family relationships necessarily challenge simplistic distinctions between citizens and immigrants, and underscore the impossibility of assigning rigid juridical categories to entangled social lives. Juxtaposing the perspectives of various members within the same family illustrates how those experiences played out in complex ways. Mutual support is critical, and certain family members take on specific roles. Finally, the progress of the entire family and the social mobility of subsequent generations are viewed as linked to children's educational success. 3"Little Lies": Disclosure and Relationships Beyond the Family chapter abstractThis chapter turns outward to explore relationships between mixed-status families and others in their communities. Disclosure—that is, to whom, when, and why people talk about their own or their family's status—is a major concern, with both undocumented persons and U.S. citizens describing "little lies," acts of concealment, and feeling as if they must live a double life. Even close friendships and intimate romantic relationships are affected, as those in mixed-status families face difficulties adhering to normative expectations of dating and courtship. Disclosure is weighed against the possible repercussions, including stigmatization, discrimination, ridicule, and fear of denunciation by friends, lovers, neighbors, co-workers, and even other family members. Finally, the chapter explores empowered disclosure, or strategic "coming out" as undocumented, and its role in creating new identities and political subjectivities. 4Estamos Encerrados: Im/mobilities in the Borderlands chapter abstractThis chapter focuses on spatial restrictions to mobility, including the various checkpoints, the fear of driving that exposes people to apprehension, and the racialization of illegality and its effects on inspection practices. Legal status within the family becomes embodied as stratified forms of mobility. Many people are relegated to life within this small strip along the border, and describe feeling "trapped in a cage." The geographies of policing mobility in the border region are distinct by virtue of the constraints of the international border, the 100-mile buffer zone, and specific enforcement practices. Due to shifting legal terrains and requirements, a range of legal driving opportunities often coexist within a single family. For everyday driving practice and during inspection at one of the many checkpoints, racialization is a recurring theme. The chapter shows how fear, anxiety, and pressure are all part of the affective nature of the dynamic borderlands. 5Additional Borders: Education, Work, and Social Mobility chapter abstractThis chapter examines the social mobility of children who grow up in mixed-status families, including the barriers and secondary borders they encounter as they try to go to college, obtain jobs, and become independent. Early experiences in schools are generally inclusive and positive, but this shifts in high school and with the pressures of applying for and attending college. Youth living in the borderlands may be unable or unwilling to attend college in the nation's interior, past the Border Patrol checkpoints, including U.S. citizens who restrict themselves from moving away from undocumented family members, thus affecting their own social mobility. Financial barriers, discrimination, and feelings of alienation coexist alongside educational success in college. Rarely explored elsewhere has been young adults' desire to enlist in the U.S. military or Border Patrol; both are common career paths in this region with few alternative well-paying jobs. 6Unequal Access: Health and Well-Being chapter abstractSimply being part of a mixed-status family can result in poorer health and unequal access to care, creating hierarchies between individual family members. Health policies have multiple direct and indirect impacts specifically on these families, including their hesitancy to enroll citizen children in programs due to fear of deportation or to avoid jeopardizing chances of future regularization. As formal systems fail to meet the needs of a large segment of the population, alternative and informal channels of care proliferate, including illicit medications, unlicensed providers, and home treatments. Heavy border enforcement impacts mixed-status families when specialty care is required outside the region, as well as exacerbating stress and anxiety. Some families avoid enrolling eligible members in programs as notions of "deservingness" are internalized. This has a chilling effect that extends to U.S. citizens, meaning that they are discouraged from the exercise of their rights, a form of "multigenerational punishment." 7Family Separation: Deportation, Removal, and Return chapter abstractThis chapter examines family separation through deportation, illustrating how the detention and deportation of relatives shapes children's sense of security and well-being, and increases economic uncertainty in the household. The chapter follows several families whose members have experienced deportation, as well as the elaborate "emergency planning" measures they develop in case of family separation. This shifts household power dynamics, empowering citizen children in a complex micropolitical economy of deportability. Finally, the chapter explores how deported family members are brought back, reliant upon on ties in Mexico, connections to smugglers, and their ability to pay. Geographic context changes the landscape of deportability, making security much more precarious in the borderlands than in other parts of the United States. 8Fixing Papers: Status Adjustment in Mixed-Status Families chapter abstractMixed-status families have an intimate relationship with the law, most evident when individuals undergo regularization, or "fix their papers." Law impacts family bonds in distinct ways, often shifting or reversing power relations between parents and children. It also empowers children, who finally feel they have agency and control over their family's destiny. The chapter also provides rich stories of DACA recipients in their transition from undocumented to "DACAmented," a status that was experienced as precarious and that solidified prior and produced new forms of inequality. For some, there are simply "dead ends" in the regularization process. Finally, for those who are successful in obtaining legal relief or status, another peril looms: jealousy, stratification, and hierarchies created within families and communities because others are left behind. The flip side is survivor's guilt; once people regularize their status, they avoid seeming boastful or fostering bitterness or resentment. Conclusion chapter abstractThe book concludes with a reflection on the lessons learned from the 100 families in this book, arguing that political efforts toward reform or social integration must take into account mixed-status family configurations, since they are now a primary and enduring feature of the contemporary immigration experience in the United States. The book complicates the idea of living "in the shadows" as it is used in scholarly and popular discourse, instead portraying mixed-status families as resilient, socially engaged, and living as active members of their communities. Yet the daily lives of some 16.7 million people in mixed-status families are marked by uncertainty and exclusion. The chapter summarizes both the scholarly and policy implications of the themes presented in the book. Through a deeper understanding of their experiences, we can work toward policies that lift communities up rather than exacerbate inequalities.

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Book SynopsisSTEM disciplines are believed to be founded on the idea of meritocracy; recognition earned by the value of the data, which is objective. Such disciplinary cultures resist concerns about implicit or structural biases, and yet, year after year, scientists observe persistent gender and racial inequalities in their labs, departments, and programs. In Equity in Science, Julie Posselt makes the case that understanding how field-specific cultures develop is a crucial step for bringing about real change. She does this by examining existing equity, diversity, and inclusion efforts across astronomy, physics, chemistry, geology, and psychology. These ethnographic case studies reveal the subtle ways that exclusion and power operate in scientific organizations and, sometimes, within change efforts themselves. Posselt argues that accelerating the movement for inclusion in science requires more effective collaboration across boundaries that typically separate people and scholars—across the social and natural sciences, across the faculty-student-administrator roles, and across race, gender, and other social identities. Ultimately this book is a call for academia to place equal value on expertise, and on those who do the work of cultural translation. Posselt closes with targeted recommendations for individuals, departments, and disciplinary societies for creating systemic, sustainable change. Trade Review"Using a conceptual framework built on the idea of small wins coupled with relational and systems thinking, this book builds a powerful case that a single-minded focus on admissions is not enough to move the needle on diversity and inclusion in STEM fields. Through a series of powerful case studies, the author demonstrates that real cultural change in graduate education is possible when there is intentionality to recruitment and admissions practices, the development of curricula and inclusive pedagogues, and attention to mentoring and the language we use." -- Suzanne T. Ortega, President * Council of Graduate Schools *"Equity in Science is an invaluable resource for anyone interested in making graduate education more diverse, inclusive, and fair. Dr. Posselt charts a path for departments and disciplines interested in moving beyond superficial commitments to diversity by highlighting the deep cultural changes needed to transform exclusionary disciplinary histories. Of course, cultural change is never easy, but she convincingly shows how successful attempts at creating truly inclusive learning environments can harness the strengths of disciplinary cultures to create lasting structural change." -- Victor E. Ray, Professor of Sociology * The University of Iowa *"An informative blend of theory and case study, Posselt's book focuses on how to change the culture in graduate STEM education. She offers valuable food for thought as well as a pressing challenge for the community. A must-read for faculty and administrators alike." -- Meg Urry, Professor of Physics * Yale University *"Equity in Science does a good job of highlighting some of the barriers and challenges to equity in graduate programmes, and provides examples of what some do right and wrong." -- Sibrina N. Collins * Nature *"Given the considerable emphasis universities have placed on implementing diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) policies, Julie Posselt's brilliant book could not have been published at a more propitious time. This is a theoretically rich analysis of what equity means in graduate science education." -- Barbara Schneider * Social Forces *Table of ContentsContents and Abstracts1Equity Work as Science chapter abstractThis chapter introduces the social problems and perspectives for understanding them that the rest of the book will employ. It defines culture and cultural change within the academy, with a focus on the tension between entrenched beliefs in meritocracy and objectivity and evidence that compromises to those values preserve the underrepresentation of some groups. It outlines quantitative evidence for the importance of graduate education and explanations for inequities within graduate education. It concludes with a call to use systems thinking in pursuing institutional change toward equity and inclusion. 2Managing Complexity in Institutional Change chapter abstractThis chapter lays out three theoretical perspectives relevant to managing the inherent complexity of institutional change for equity in graduate education. It begins with Karl Weick's small-wins approach, which calls for a reframing of daunting social problems, bringing them to a scale at which cognitive arousal and frustration do not undermine efforts to solve them. Recognizing this perspective does not enable the coordination required to prioritize or link the many small wins that cultural change requires. The author then draws directly from complexity theory, particularly Karen Barad's philosophical implications of quantum dynamics to consider their relevance for change efforts; this begs a reconceptualization of core ideas for social science, such as reality, agency, continuity, and change. Finally, I link the relational of change emerging from quantum dynamics with the relational sociology theory of symbolic and social boundaries, and explore implications for educational inequality. 3Eroded Boundaries and Everyday Interactions in Geoscience Fieldwork chapter abstractIn this first chapter of findings, I present ethnographic evidence from a graduate-level, interdisciplinary geoscience field course that shows how geoscience's disciplinary culture may be used either for or against inclusion. Erosion of typical boundaries and the collective experience of science outdoors can attract students to this type of work and to the discipline. However, field culture has been and continues to align with traditional visions of masculinity by privileging norms like toughness, and then uses the expectation of toughness to justify alcohol consumption that reduces inhibitions, following which women are frequently targeted. Women play a supporting role in this culture while men dominate leadership and the "sonic space." Power and voice—in leadership and everyday communication—are disproportionately in the hands of men. Patterns of routine communication diminish women's voices and basic concerns in ways that institutionalize silence about other compromises to their inclusion. 4Impression Management and Organizational Learning in Psychology and Chemistry chapter abstractThis chapter compares chemistry and psychology PhD programs' efforts to increase diversity among students by changing the image of the program and their admissions and recruitment practices. Chemistry successfully learned its way into a virtuous cycle, through which change itself became normative. The psychology program failed and instead created a vicious cycle in which failure to improve departmental climate meant that students of color who did enroll struggled to offer a positive report to prospective students. Differences between the two programs' trajectories that account for their different outcomes include the time they dedicated to creating change, momentum on the type of diversity they sought, faculty engagement versus ambivalence, and most fundamentally, leaders' embedding learning and change toward equity into the fabric of department life. The chapter presents insights into the organization and trajectories of graduate programs as well as the change strategies departments deploy to change who enrolls. 5Inclusive Design and Disciplinary Boundary Work in Applied Physics chapter abstractThis chapter presents a case study of a PhD program in applied physics that over decades has tried to distinguish itself from typical physics programs by rethinking policies, practices, and relations to be more inclusive. Indeed, willingness and effort to alter traditional intellectual, organizational, social, and professional boundaries was at the core of their success facilitating access and inclusion in a field known for inequality. The program institutionalized a flexible, interdisciplinary intellectual paradigm; it reformed admissions and recruitment to align with its vision of the ideal student; it empowered administrative staff to serve as cultural translators across racial and faculty-student boundaries; and it worked to create close relationships that would set the program apart from the more hierarchical, impersonal dynamics in other physics programs. The chapter closes with principles from Universal Design that may be applied to PhD programs looking for ways to become more inclusive. 6Advocacy and Management in Astronomy and Physics chapter abstractThis chapter examines resources and barriers to equity work inherent in the cultures of physics and astronomy, two fields that, though adjacent, have distinctive qualities that manifest in how they are seeking equity and inclusion. The comparison, focused on field-level activities undertaken by disciplinary societies to reduce inequalities and improve inclusion in graduate education, highlights the potential and limits of change that comes about from the top down and the bottom up. The managerial culture of diversity and equity work by the American Physical Society comes with resources and constraints very different from those of the advocacy culture in the American Astronomical Society. Disciplinary societies have untapped potential for encouraging discipline-wide change toward more equitable graduate training, and the reasons for this potential are suggested by considering varieties of institutional isomorphism. 7Retooling Science for Equity Through Cultural Translation chapter abstractThis chapter pulls together lessons learned from the case studies, to highlight the need for a relational, multiple-level approach to institutional change. Two key mechanisms, cultural retooling and cultural translation, are relevant both for groups seeking change within academic departments and for cross-sector collaborative change efforts. These cultural processes distinguish reform from institutional change, and require different skills and knowledge from what we typically provide scholars in their training and professional development. Two examples of cultural retooling—for holistic review in evaluation and holistic support in interactions—bring together new mind-sets for serving students with new practices for enabling access and success. I close with concrete recommendations for teams that are working on equity issues, including ways to manage resistance to change, as well as theory implications about entanglements and boundaries across disciplinary and other cultural differences.

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Book SynopsisSouth Central Los Angeles is often characterized as an African American community beset by poverty and economic neglect. But this depiction obscures the significant Latina/o population that has called South Central home since the 1970s. More significantly, it conceals the efforts African American and Latina/o residents have made together in shaping their community. As residents have faced increasing challenges from diminished government social services, economic disinvestment, immigration enforcement, and police surveillance, they have come together in their struggle for belonging and justice. South Central Is Home investigates the development of relational community formation and highlights how communities of color like South Central experience racism and discrimination—and how in the best of situations, they are energized to improve their conditions together. Tracking the demographic shifts in South Central from 1945 to the present, Abigail Rosas shows how financial institutions, War on Poverty programs like Headstart for school children, and community health centers emerged as crucial sites where neighbors engaged one another over what was best for their community. Through this work, Rosas illuminates the promise of community building, offering findings indispensable to our understandings of race, community, and place in U.S. society.Trade Review"South Central Is Home offers an illuminating history of one of America's most iconic communities in transition—from the War on Poverty to the War on Drugs. In prose as vivid as her subjects, Abigail Rosas beautifully captures the struggles, tensions, and aspirations of people typically portrayed as perpetrators or victims of unremitting violence—reminding readers that South Central Los Angeles is, indeed, home." -- Robin D. G. Kelley * author of Thelonious Monk: The Life and Times of an American Original *"Finding seeds of hope for a better racial future in the stories she uncovers, Abigail Rosas offers profound insights into how ordinary folks did extraordinary things, the remarkable possibilities and limits of multi-racialism, and sweeping transformations in urban life since World War II. South Central Is Home is a compelling, timely, and imaginative book." -- Luis Alvarez * University of California, San Diego *"Interdisciplinary in scope and accessible to scholars of race, power, and urbanization, as well as practitioners working with communities at the intersection of these processes, this volume probes how distinct black and brown communities emerged, grew, and shaped each other in LA since the 1960s. Rosas...effectively engages with archival material and several detailed oral histories....Highly recommended." -- J. deGuzman * CHOICE *"Books like Rosas's help to fill an enormous void in both the urban and historical literatures where historical communities of color are often described too simplistically....South Central Is Home is a very well written urban history that should be a starting point and guide for all future work on the history of South Central and should be mandatory reading for undergraduate and graduate students in both introductory and higher-level social science courses." -- Robert Vargas * American Journal of Sociology *"For young scholars, [South Central Is Home] provides a model for writing about communities that formed us, communities that we unapologetically love. ....[By] disentangling the rich history of South Central, Rosas shows us the future of cities across the United States." -- Claudia Sandoval * Boom California *"South Central Is Home covers many of the issues found in interracial urban communities across America, and offers us a better understanding of the notions of race, community and place." -- Juan Manuel Niño * Journal of Urban Affairs *"This is a thoughtful, insightful, and at times, personal history of South Central as a particular space and place. South Central is Home provides important contributions to our understanding of the City of Los Angeles, the community of South Central, and the often complicated and complex relationships between Latino/as and African Americans in that community." -- Robert Bauman * Pacific Historical Review *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction: Uncovering Black and Latina/o Relations chapter abstractThe Introduction explains the historical configuration of South Central Los Angeles's demographic change from a predominantly African American community to a multiracial African American and Latina/o immigrant community. It posits that daily acts of community racialization and activism defined resident belonging and investment in this racially diverse community. The chapter examines how it is important to enrich existing scholarship by reconceptualizing South Central as a racialized space and community forged and sustained by African Americans and Latina/os' sharing South Central as their home. As neighbors, entrepreneurs, homeowners, political advocates and representatives, teachers, parents, and students, South Central residents refused to be overwhelmed by U.S. national discourses and policies on crime, poverty, education, immigration, and public health and to live isolated from each other or to abandon or forfeit thriving together and as members of this community. 1Placemaking in Our Community: Race Enterprise and the War on Poverty chapter abstractThis chapter introduces African American migration from the U.S. South to Los Angeles as foundational to South Central being understood nationally as an overwhelmingly African American community in the post–World War II period. An in-depth consideration of the emergence and influence of African American entrepreneurship in South Central's business sector reveals the power behind African American migrants spearheading the establishment of Broadway Federal Bank, a minority-owned bank in South Central. By the 1960s, however, the economic realities of South Central and Watts were increasingly defined as working class, working poor, and poor. The introduction of War on Poverty funding and programs would play a role in the relationships fostered between African American and Mexican American activists and advocates. 2"Let's Get Them Off to a Headstart!" Community Investment in Head Start chapter abstractThis chapter centers on African American and Latina/o South Central residents' struggles to establish, lead, teach, and benefit from Head Start programs throughout South Central. This consideration of the War on Poverty pre-school education program's vision, design, and implementation elucidates how this program brought African American and Latina/o South Central residents together to forge an approach to "school readiness" that lived up to their expectations for the future of their children, families, and community. 3"The Wave of the Future": The Emergence of Community Health Clinics chapter abstractThis chapter historicizes late mid-twentieth-century South Central African American and Latina/o residents' community investment in the building of a hospital and community and health centers "where the poorest and most humble can be treated with respect and feel they belong." It argues that in the wake of the 1965 uprisings, South Central residents, U.S. political officials, and physicians waged an interracial campaign for this community to have access to a hospital and community health clinics that would meet the diversity of South Central residents' health care needs. The chapter showcases African American and Latina/o residents' unwavering resolve to act together and in support of community wellness as a formative step to asserting their community's humanity, investment, and power. 4Becoming "Bonafide" Residents: Developing Relational Community Formation chapter abstractThis chapter advances our understanding of the impact of U.S. immigration policy on the resolve of Latina/o immigrant South Central residents to invest themselves in forging a sense of community and home alongside and with their African American neighbors. The chapter elucidates the shared racialization of Latina/o immigrant and African American South Central residents' experience. The emotive range of feelings framing this demographic change speaks to this community's relational interracial formation, humanity, and livelihood. 5Teaching Together: Interracial Community Organizing chapter abstractThis chapter considers the enduring reach of Head Start centers in South Central throughout the 1980s. In the midst of neighborhood demographic change, Head Start classrooms implemented a multiracial and multicultural approach to early childhood education and community activism that resonated with South Central African American and Latina residents. By focusing on the goals of the educational curriculum framing Head Start, as well as this program's teachers' receptiveness to training African American and Latina immigrant parents and residents to participate in the teaching of the program's curriculum, the chapter provides an analysis of the lasting legacies of Head Start's benefits. The collaborative efforts of these women points to the importance of locating and learning from the power of investing in the educational attainment of South Central as a community of dedicated and promising children and women. 6Celebrating Diversity: Selective Inclusion in a Multiracial City chapter abstractThis chapter reveals narratives of selectively acknowledging the ways demographic change and immigrant diversity influence community relations, opportunities, and life in South Central Los Angeles. The interracial tension between African American, Korean immigrant, and Latina/o immigrant South Central entrepreneurs and residents was the result of heavy policing and profiling in the community, escalation of the drug epidemic, anxiety over immigrant enforcement, and the national and local government economic disinvestment. The chapter examines these lived 1980s realities to argue that the indignities of underemployment, police brutality, immigrant enforcement, a drug epidemic, diminished educational opportunities, and poverty culminated in the 1992 uprising. It concludes with the community's commitment to not becoming undone by such instability, to magnify their resilience. 7Banking in South Central: The Limitations of Race Enterprises chapter abstractThis chapter returns to Broadway Federal Bank in the wake of the 1992 uprisings to investigate this race enterprise's longevity and commitment to the community. The race-based politics that framed this establishment's management had to embrace the realization that to thrive and genuinely serve the South Central community it had to cater to an African American and increasingly Latina/o immigrant clientele. The economic and social realities framing South Central's community life leading up to and after the 1992 Los Angeles Uprisings has compelled some of South Central's most invested community entrepreneurs and residents to face demographic and social change with an outlook that cannot underestimate the multiracial configuration and needs of this community. Epilogue chapter abstractThis final chapter alerts readers to the urgency of learning from South Central's history of relational community formation and solidarity. By identifying and discussing contemporary local South Central branding efforts, informal economies, and electoral campaigns shaping this community's current neighborhood interactions and investments, the chapter elaborates on the importance of building on the investments, relationships, and ties that have sustained community building, placemaking, and friendships in South Central. The onset of gentrification and the rise in underemployment, homelessness, border enforcement, white supremacy movements, and police brutality are highlighted as realities that render an inclusive approach toward race and community as important to maintaining a sense of home.

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Book SynopsisDivine Variations offers a new account of the development of scientific ideas about race. Focusing on the production of scientific knowledge over the last three centuries, Terence Keel uncovers the persistent links between pre-modern Christian thought and contemporary scientific perceptions of human difference. He argues that, instead of a rupture between religion and modern biology on the question of human origins, modern scientific theories of race are, in fact, an extension of Christian intellectual history. Keel's study draws on ancient and early modern theological texts and biblical commentaries, works in Christian natural philosophy, seminal studies in ethnology and early social science, debates within twentieth-century public health research, and recent genetic analysis of population differences and ancient human DNA. From these sources, Keel demonstrates that Christian ideas about creation, ancestry, and universalism helped form the basis of modern scientific accounts of human diversity—despite the ostensible shift in modern biology towards scientific naturalism, objectivity, and value neutrality. By showing the connections between Christian thought and scientific racial thinking, this book calls into question the notion that science and religion are mutually exclusive intellectual domains and proposes that the advance of modern science did not follow a linear process of secularization. Trade Review"Divine Variations brilliantly traces the roots of modern racial science to Christian intellectual history and ideology. Despite the efforts of genomic researchers to portray current biological concepts of race as purely scientific, Keel shows that these scientists are secular creationists retelling religious folklore about the origins of human life. This book is a crucial contribution to the history of racial science." -- Dorothy Roberts * author of Fatal Invention: How Science, Politics, and Big Business Re-create Race in the Twenty-first Century *"At a moment when some evolutionary theorists have become quasi-theologians, offering universal stories of existence that are as imperialistic as their eighteenth- and nineteenth- century versions, and when popular DNA speculations about racial heritage and legacy have brought us back to the door of eugenics, Keel's book reminds us of the theological trajectories from which these concepts arise. This is not an anti-science text, but one that shows us the interrelationship of theology and science and tacit assumptions behind the scientific will to universalize. We will never be able to defeat racial reasoning so long as it is concealed and nurtured in certain kinds of scientific reasoning. Keel's book greatly aids us in separating the two." -- Willie James Jennings * author of The Christian Imagination: Theology and the Origins of Race *"The brilliance of Terence Keel's book is to show that when it comes to race, there was no war between science and religion. Instead, this engaging and penetrating study shows how Christian ideas helped create scientific approaches to and explanations of race. Divine Variations is a must-read for all scholars of race, religion, and science." -- Edward J. Blum * co-author of The Color of Christ: The Son of God and the Saga of Race in America *"In this brilliantly argued and fascinating account of the development of scientific racial theory, Keel convincingly demonstrates that the modern biological sciences still bear the deep imprint of their religious origins. Divine Variations offers us insightful new ways of thinking about the historical relations between science and religion." -- Peter Harrison * author of The Territories of Science and Religion *"Terence Keel's book brings needed nuance to the cultural and scientific history of the study of human diversity. He explores the connections between the theology and science of what eventually became human microevolution, and follows the various threads down to the present day. This is an important body of scholarship, with which anyone interested in the scientific origins of human racial theory must engage." -- Jonathan Marks * author of What it Means to be 98% Chimpanzee: Apes, People and Their Genes *"Terence Keel's Divine Variations points us to the materials, the old patterns and the stitches that built our modern notion of race.... Keel's work offers us a warning that there is no panacea, no easy ideology or system that is free from the colonial theologies or so called "enlightened" philosophies. But in the face of this, and in the midst of a world where we are confronted by ever more differences and unknowns, perhaps our hope is best oriented towards theologies and scientific modes of thought that do not try to avoid the mystery, that do not wash out or totalize exceptions. Perhaps we no longer need "theories of everything" but rather theologies and science that help us to see variation, difference, and change as possibilities rather than as dangers. Keel's work is a vital step toward this endeavor." -- Brian Bantum * Reading Religion *"This volume is a critical contribution to study of the concept of race and a formidable challenge to many commonplace assumptions. Equally important, it compels the reader to reevaluate the extent to which science and religion are clearly distinct realms of thought, and offers new ways of thinking about their relationship....Summing up: Essential." -- S.C. Peterson * CHOICE *"Our longing to know where we came from and what lies ahead is fierce. But what if neither science nor religion can offer those comforts?...What I find most gripping about Keel's argument is that he does not denigrate either discipline so much as he goads us to acknowledge their shared problematic epistemological impulse." -- Michelle Wolff * The Journal of Religion *"[Divine Variations] offers an original and ambitious interpretation of science and religion, one that largely avoids framing these interactions in terms of conflict or compatibility, to address a very timely subject: race." -- Ernie Hamm * Zygon *"It is widely appreciated that current struggles over race and racism are crucially shaped by the history of racism....Terence Keel masterfully demonstrates how this is true not only with respect to the legacy of historical racism on ongoing racialized inequality; it is also manifest in how modern scientific approaches to race have been informed by religious conceptions." -- Bruce Baum * American Historical Review *"[Keel] overturns assumptions of an inherent conflict between religion and science by showing that modern Western science borrows ideas and questions from Christianity." -- Sabrina Danielsen * Sociology of Religion *"[It] is de rigueur to speak of the modern concept of 'race' as solely a product of enlightenment-era scientific thought....It is here that Terence Keel enters the fray and forcefully disrupts the narrative....While the cult of racial essentialism continues to attract new acolytes, Keel's apocrypha certainly threatens its newfound articles of faith." -- Matthew W. Hughey * Ethnic and Racial Studies *"Divine Variations shows that Christianity represents a dominant paradigm for many ways of knowing, and thus its presence in racial science is not unusual but actually expected." -- Ayah Nuriddin * Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences *"Keel's framework opens up a new way of looking at the problem of race, and a way to account for the role of both Western science and Christian supremacy in the global work of enslavement, the creation of plantation economies, and the violence of settler colonialism....Divine Variations is a pioneering effort in the historical study of race and racism, as well as science and religion." -- Myrna Perez Sheldon * Religious Studies Review *"Keel provides strong historical evidence for the view that science and religion are to be seen as two cultural efforts that need to be related in much more diverse and complicated ways than is usually accepted....Divine Variations is a book that must be considered by historians, philosophers and scientists alike." -- Juan Manuel Rodriguez-Caso * Philosophy, Theology and the Sciences *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction chapter abstractThe Introduction lays out the theoretical stakes of the work as a whole. It opens with a critical evaluation of the work of acclaimed geneticist Spencer Wells, whose 2002 publication The Journey of Man has helped frame the now-standard interpretation of human evolution and migration from a single set of ancestors out of Africa. Wells's account of human evolution reveals the epistemic authority that modern genetics has obtained on the question of race and human beginnings. It is argued that contemporary biologists inherited this authority, however, from their Christian intellectual ancestors, who provided modern scientists with a cache of interpretive tools and assumptions that proved useful for narrating the development of human life and constructing theories of racial difference believed to supersede all previous accounts of human origins. After laying out the theoretical ground to be covered, this introductory chapter provides an overview of the chapters that follow. 1Impure Thoughts: Johann Blumenbach and the Birth of Racial Science chapter abstractChapter 1 examines the thought of the eighteenth-century ethnologist Johann F. Blumenbach, whose 1775 work On the Natural Variety of Mankind is often represented as precipitating the secular turn in the modern study of race. The chapter offers an alternative account of the intellectual ancestry alive in Blumenbach's racial theories by recovering the Christian sources of his thinking. Political and philosophical anti-Judaism prevalent in late eighteenth-century Germany, the transformation of the Protestant Reformer Martin Luther into a pioneer of German national identity, and the anti-Jewish writings of Johann David Michaelis in the emergent field of biblical geography at Göttingen University were all crucial political, religious, and intellectual influences during the time Blumenbach developed his racial theories. Drawing on the notion that the epistemological origins of racial science are fundamentally mongrel, this chapter argues that Blumenbach's racial theories were not an expression of pure, untainted, secular rationality. 2Superseding Christian Truth: The Quiet Revolution of Nineteenth-Century American Science of Race chapter abstractChapter 2 analyzes scientific criticism leveled against the theory of common human descent beginning in the 1830s. It focuses on the thought of Josiah C. Nott, a southern physician, early epidemiologist, and major figure of the so-called American School of Ethnology. Nott claimed that humanity's common origin, or monogenesis, was an unscientific belief and a mere carryover from when natural historians were indebted to Christian ideas about nature and human life. Thus, he attempted to establish an account of the history of human racial groups that moved beyond the constraints of the narrative recorded by Moses in the Bible. Despite these secular aspirations Nott ultimately failed to offer an account of race that stood independent of Christian thought. The case of American polygenism illustrates the degree to which modern racial science is indebted to a religious intellectual history it has attempted to deny and supersede. 3The Ghost of Christian Creationism: Racial Dispositions and Progressive Era Public Health Research chapter abstractChapter 3 explores how polygenist carryovers emerged in early twentieth-century medical and public health studies on the links between race and disease. This persistence further embedded ideas about race derived from Christian intellectual history into the methods and reasoning of modern scientists and public health researchers. In the early twentieth century, the concept of biological determinism—the idea that the fixed biological makeup of a racial group determines its members' health, behavior, and intelligence—reoccupies the epistemic space once filled explicitly by a theological view of nature. This chapter also introduces the work of the African American physician, ethicist, and social hygienist Charles V. Roman, who departed from the racial logic of his time. Roman stressed instead that the idea of common human ancestry should push public health researchers to think more critically about the social and environmental factors shaping health outcomes and black susceptibility to disease. 4Noah's Mongrel Children: Ancient DNA and the Persistence of Christian Forms in Modern Biology chapter abstractChapter 4 examines how concepts about racial ancestry and the ontological uniqueness of human life from Christian intellectual history have historically informed scientific research on the Neanderthal. These Christian forms are at play in the sequencing of the Neanderthal genome and the unanticipated discovery that mating occurred between this hominid group and modern humans around forty thousand years ago. Geneticists claim that evidence of this encounter is found almost exclusively in the genomes of Europeans and Asians. This chapter also shows how scientists in both the nineteenth and twenty-first centuries deployed notions of distinct continental groups and fixed racial traits to draw conclusions about human-Neanderthal relatedness. In both centuries, concepts and reasoning strategies implicitly divinize nature while also framing human ancestry into three original groups that represent the reoccupation of the story of Noah's three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth, into contemporary algorithmic representations of human genetic ancestry. 5Beyond the Religious Pursuit of Race chapter abstractChapter 5 provides a summary of the major claims of the book. It also explains how the conflict thesis for representing the relationship between science and religion fails to capture how Christian intellectual history has been key to the formation of the race concept in modern science. Citing recent data from a 2015 Pew Research Survey, this chapter argues that the conflict thesis remains a fixture in the minds of Americans, which has consequences for shifting public perceptions about the assumed secularity of the scientific study of race. It closes with a call for recognizing that the scientific study of race is involved in providing a solution to the existential dilemma of defining what it means to be human. This solution is neither value-free nor detached from the cultural and religious inheritance that has fastened itself to the work of Euro-American scientists who study race.

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Book SynopsisNancy Leong reveals how powerful people and institutions use diversity to their own advantage and how the rest of us can respond—and do better. Why do people accused of racism defend themselves by pointing to their black friends? Why do men accused of sexism inevitably talk about how they love their wife and daughters? Why do colleges and corporations alike photoshop people of color into their websites and promotional materials? And why do companies selling everything from cereal to sneakers go out of their way to include a token woman or person of color in their advertisements? In this groundbreaking book, Nancy Leong coins the term "identity capitalist" to label the powerful insiders who eke out social and economic value from people of color, women, LGBTQ people, the poor, and other outgroups. Leong deftly uncovers the rules that govern a system in which all Americans must survive: the identity marketplace. She contends that the national preoccupation with diversity has, counterintuitively, allowed identity capitalists to infiltrate the legal system, educational institutions, the workplace, and the media. Using examples from law to literature, from politics to pop culture, Leong takes readers on a journey through the hidden agendas and surprising incentives of various ingroup actors. She also uncovers a dire dilemma for outgroup members: do they play along and let their identity be used by others, or do they protest and risk the wrath of the powerful? Arming readers with the tools to recognize and mitigate the harms of exploitation, Identity Capitalists reveals what happens when we prioritize diversity over equality.Trade Review"Stunning in its originality and breadth. Leong writes magnificently, using powerful examples to illustrate each point, reminding us of the need for care and authenticity."—Erwin Chemerinsky, author of Constitutional Law"This book zeroes in on something we've all experienced but no one before has named, offering a new perspective on tokenism and institutional virtue signaling and uncovering the more unsettling side of racial diversity."—Richard Ford, author of Universal Rights Down to Earth"Puts on display just how much we trade on identity. Whether through misguided judicial decisions, tasteless diversity schemes, or disturbing encounters, Leong shows us that the price we pay is too high."—César Cuauhtémoc García Hernández, author of Migrating to Prison"Nancy Leong moves past assumptions that the embrace of identity is always a positive good, and into a clear-eyed assessment of the ways that disingenuously instrumental use of identity displaces substantive reform and alienates Americans from each other. This is an invaluable read."—Osamudia R. James, Professor of Law & Dean's Distinguished Scholar and Associate Dean for Diversity, Equity, and Community, University of Miami"A searching look at the way powerful insiders, and some outsiders, exploit identity for their own benefit. Leong pushes each of us to consider how we are all part of the system of identity capitalism."—Angela Onwuachi-Willig, author of According to Our Hearts"Entertaining, accessible, and thought-provoking, this book expertly weaves the personal with the political, and individual relationships with institutional hierarchies. Instead of just exposing the prevalence and problem of identity capitalism, it helps the reader think about practical solutions."—Nicole Buonocore Porter, co-author of Feminist Judgments"The term 'identity capitalism' should take its place alongside 'white fragility' and 'unconscious bias' as part of the indispensable vernacular of civil and human rights. To engage with this unanswerable critique is to see that we are all identity capitalists now."—Kenji Yoshino, author of Speak NowTable of ContentsIntroduction: Getting Used 1. Fake Diversity 2. All-American Exploitation 3. Anxiety and Absolution 4. Identity Entrepreneurs 5. Unequal Protection 6. The Law of Identity Capitalism 7. Boycott Conclusion: We, Identity Capitalists

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Book SynopsisMemoirs of Jewish life in the east European shtetl often recall the hekdesh (town poorhouse) and its residents: beggars, madmen and madwomen, disabled people, and poor orphans. Stepchildren of the Shtetl tells the story of these marginalized figures from the dawn of modernity to the eve of the Holocaust. Combining archival research with analysis of literary, cultural, and religious texts, Natan M. Meir recovers the lived experience of Jewish society's outcasts and reveals the central role that they came to play in the drama of modernization. Those on the margins were often made to bear the burden of the nation as a whole, whether as scapegoats in moments of crisis or as symbols of degeneration, ripe for transformation by reformers, philanthropists, and nationalists. Shining a light into the darkest corners of Jewish society in eastern Europe—from the often squalid poorhouse of the shtetl to the slums and insane asylums of Warsaw and Odessa, from the conscription of poor orphans during the reign of Nicholas I to the cholera wedding, a magical ritual in which an epidemic was halted by marrying outcasts to each other in the town cemetery—Stepchildren of the Shtetl reconsiders the place of the lowliest members of an already stigmatized minority. Trade Review"In this pioneering book, Natan M. Meir illuminates the lives of those on the margins of an already marginalized people—the Jews of Eastern Europe. Drawing on a remarkable range of sources, he revolutionizes our understanding of the shtetl by shedding light on the beggars, orphans, and others who dwelled in its shadows."—Nathaniel Deutsch, author of Inventing America's 'Worst' Family: Eugenics, Islam, and the Fall and Rise of the Tribe of Ishmael"In Stepchildren of the Shtetl, Natan M. Meir connects everyday social experience to questions of political culture writ large, describing how the 'marginal' in Jewish society often came to serve as a figure for East European Jewry as a whole. An original and desperately needed book."—Hillel J. Kieval, author of Languages of Community: The Jewish Experience in the Czech Lands"This outstanding book offers us a glimpse at the underbelly of a Jewish community rarely studied from this vantage point. Meir tackles an elusive topic with analytic skill, keen sensitivity, and clear, accessible prose."—Steven J. Zipperstein, author of Pogrom: Kishinev and the Tilt of History"A book on the treatment of marginals in literature, history, and folklore smacks of brilliance....Meir has spotlighted a central aspect of Jewish life. His method of blending past images with present-day ideological concerns undoubtedly enlivens scholarship and offers a productive example for the profession."—Brian Horowitz, H-Judaic"Meir's study of the poor, disabled, and mad in Jewish Eastern Europe is a landmark achievement, a book that establishes a neglected field.Healso makes a signal contribution to the field of disability history that will be of interest far beyond Jewish studies. Each chapter reveals historical gems. Highly recommended."—D. Biale, CHOICE"Natan Meir's Stepchildren of the Shtetl is a remarkable work. Drawing from Hebrew, Yiddish, Russian, Ukrainian, and Polish sources, equally anchored in the deep recesses of the Jewish past and the latest innovations in disability and gender studies, Meir has given us as much of a glimpse into the margins of east European Jewry as possible. And he links what he finds to the larger story of the Jews at this juncture: the tortuous and ambivalent entry of a historically Othered people into a modernizing region of Europe that often continued to see its Jews as marginal."—Jarrod Tanny, Association for Jewish Studies Review"[Stepchildren of the Shtetl] provides a number of important insights regarding the lives of marginal Jews. Vitally, it includes Jewish and non-Jewish attitudes to liminal members of the Jewish community, and the concept of Jews as a racial and biological 'other' in and of themselves. Moreover, Meir engages with a range of important topics concerning Disability-Jewish history of the era, including but not limited to institutionalization, philanthropy, communal care and charity, media representation, religious, folk and supernatural beliefs, and socioeconomic and political uplift of marginalized people."—Samuel Brady, Jewish Historical StudiesTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Jewish Marginal People in Premodern Europe 2. Blind Beggars and Orphan Recruits: The Russian State, the Kahal, and Marginal Jews in the Early Nineteenth Century 3. A Pile of Dust and Rubble": Poorhouses, Real and Imaginary 4. The Cholera Wedding 5. A "Republic of Beggars"? Charity, Jewish Backwardness, and the Specter of the Jewish Idler 6. Madness and the Mad: From Family Burden to National Affliction 7. "We Singing Jews, We Jews Possessed": The Jewish Outcast as National Icon Epilogue Conclusion: Jewish Intersectionality at the European Fin-de-Siècle

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Book SynopsisSTEM disciplines are believed to be founded on the idea of meritocracy; recognition earned by the value of the data, which is objective. Such disciplinary cultures resist concerns about implicit or structural biases, and yet, year after year, scientists observe persistent gender and racial inequalities in their labs, departments, and programs. In Equity in Science, Julie Posselt makes the case that understanding how field-specific cultures develop is a crucial step for bringing about real change. She does this by examining existing equity, diversity, and inclusion efforts across astronomy, physics, chemistry, geology, and psychology. These ethnographic case studies reveal the subtle ways that exclusion and power operate in scientific organizations and, sometimes, within change efforts themselves. Posselt argues that accelerating the movement for inclusion in science requires more effective collaboration across boundaries that typically separate people and scholars—across the social and natural sciences, across the faculty-student-administrator roles, and across race, gender, and other social identities. Ultimately this book is a call for academia to place equal value on expertise, and on those who do the work of cultural translation. Posselt closes with targeted recommendations for individuals, departments, and disciplinary societies for creating systemic, sustainable change. Trade Review"Using a conceptual framework built on the idea of small wins coupled with relational and systems thinking, this book builds a powerful case that a single-minded focus on admissions is not enough to move the needle on diversity and inclusion in STEM fields. Through a series of powerful case studies, the author demonstrates that real cultural change in graduate education is possible when there is intentionality to recruitment and admissions practices, the development of curricula and inclusive pedagogues, and attention to mentoring and the language we use." -- Suzanne T. Ortega, President * Council of Graduate Schools *"Equity in Science is an invaluable resource for anyone interested in making graduate education more diverse, inclusive, and fair. Dr. Posselt charts a path for departments and disciplines interested in moving beyond superficial commitments to diversity by highlighting the deep cultural changes needed to transform exclusionary disciplinary histories. Of course, cultural change is never easy, but she convincingly shows how successful attempts at creating truly inclusive learning environments can harness the strengths of disciplinary cultures to create lasting structural change." -- Victor E. Ray, Professor of Sociology * The University of Iowa *"An informative blend of theory and case study, Posselt's book focuses on how to change the culture in graduate STEM education. She offers valuable food for thought as well as a pressing challenge for the community. A must-read for faculty and administrators alike." -- Meg Urry, Professor of Physics * Yale University *"Equity in Science does a good job of highlighting some of the barriers and challenges to equity in graduate programmes, and provides examples of what some do right and wrong." -- Sibrina N. Collins * Nature *"Given the considerable emphasis universities have placed on implementing diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) policies, Julie Posselt's brilliant book could not have been published at a more propitious time. This is a theoretically rich analysis of what equity means in graduate science education." -- Barbara Schneider * Social Forces *Table of ContentsContents and Abstracts1Equity Work as Science chapter abstractThis chapter introduces the social problems and perspectives for understanding them that the rest of the book will employ. It defines culture and cultural change within the academy, with a focus on the tension between entrenched beliefs in meritocracy and objectivity and evidence that compromises to those values preserve the underrepresentation of some groups. It outlines quantitative evidence for the importance of graduate education and explanations for inequities within graduate education. It concludes with a call to use systems thinking in pursuing institutional change toward equity and inclusion. 2Managing Complexity in Institutional Change chapter abstractThis chapter lays out three theoretical perspectives relevant to managing the inherent complexity of institutional change for equity in graduate education. It begins with Karl Weick's small-wins approach, which calls for a reframing of daunting social problems, bringing them to a scale at which cognitive arousal and frustration do not undermine efforts to solve them. Recognizing this perspective does not enable the coordination required to prioritize or link the many small wins that cultural change requires. The author then draws directly from complexity theory, particularly Karen Barad's philosophical implications of quantum dynamics to consider their relevance for change efforts; this begs a reconceptualization of core ideas for social science, such as reality, agency, continuity, and change. Finally, I link the relational of change emerging from quantum dynamics with the relational sociology theory of symbolic and social boundaries, and explore implications for educational inequality. 3Eroded Boundaries and Everyday Interactions in Geoscience Fieldwork chapter abstractIn this first chapter of findings, I present ethnographic evidence from a graduate-level, interdisciplinary geoscience field course that shows how geoscience's disciplinary culture may be used either for or against inclusion. Erosion of typical boundaries and the collective experience of science outdoors can attract students to this type of work and to the discipline. However, field culture has been and continues to align with traditional visions of masculinity by privileging norms like toughness, and then uses the expectation of toughness to justify alcohol consumption that reduces inhibitions, following which women are frequently targeted. Women play a supporting role in this culture while men dominate leadership and the "sonic space." Power and voice—in leadership and everyday communication—are disproportionately in the hands of men. Patterns of routine communication diminish women's voices and basic concerns in ways that institutionalize silence about other compromises to their inclusion. 4Impression Management and Organizational Learning in Psychology and Chemistry chapter abstractThis chapter compares chemistry and psychology PhD programs' efforts to increase diversity among students by changing the image of the program and their admissions and recruitment practices. Chemistry successfully learned its way into a virtuous cycle, through which change itself became normative. The psychology program failed and instead created a vicious cycle in which failure to improve departmental climate meant that students of color who did enroll struggled to offer a positive report to prospective students. Differences between the two programs' trajectories that account for their different outcomes include the time they dedicated to creating change, momentum on the type of diversity they sought, faculty engagement versus ambivalence, and most fundamentally, leaders' embedding learning and change toward equity into the fabric of department life. The chapter presents insights into the organization and trajectories of graduate programs as well as the change strategies departments deploy to change who enrolls. 5Inclusive Design and Disciplinary Boundary Work in Applied Physics chapter abstractThis chapter presents a case study of a PhD program in applied physics that over decades has tried to distinguish itself from typical physics programs by rethinking policies, practices, and relations to be more inclusive. Indeed, willingness and effort to alter traditional intellectual, organizational, social, and professional boundaries was at the core of their success facilitating access and inclusion in a field known for inequality. The program institutionalized a flexible, interdisciplinary intellectual paradigm; it reformed admissions and recruitment to align with its vision of the ideal student; it empowered administrative staff to serve as cultural translators across racial and faculty-student boundaries; and it worked to create close relationships that would set the program apart from the more hierarchical, impersonal dynamics in other physics programs. The chapter closes with principles from Universal Design that may be applied to PhD programs looking for ways to become more inclusive. 6Advocacy and Management in Astronomy and Physics chapter abstractThis chapter examines resources and barriers to equity work inherent in the cultures of physics and astronomy, two fields that, though adjacent, have distinctive qualities that manifest in how they are seeking equity and inclusion. The comparison, focused on field-level activities undertaken by disciplinary societies to reduce inequalities and improve inclusion in graduate education, highlights the potential and limits of change that comes about from the top down and the bottom up. The managerial culture of diversity and equity work by the American Physical Society comes with resources and constraints very different from those of the advocacy culture in the American Astronomical Society. Disciplinary societies have untapped potential for encouraging discipline-wide change toward more equitable graduate training, and the reasons for this potential are suggested by considering varieties of institutional isomorphism. 7Retooling Science for Equity Through Cultural Translation chapter abstractThis chapter pulls together lessons learned from the case studies, to highlight the need for a relational, multiple-level approach to institutional change. Two key mechanisms, cultural retooling and cultural translation, are relevant both for groups seeking change within academic departments and for cross-sector collaborative change efforts. These cultural processes distinguish reform from institutional change, and require different skills and knowledge from what we typically provide scholars in their training and professional development. Two examples of cultural retooling—for holistic review in evaluation and holistic support in interactions—bring together new mind-sets for serving students with new practices for enabling access and success. I close with concrete recommendations for teams that are working on equity issues, including ways to manage resistance to change, as well as theory implications about entanglements and boundaries across disciplinary and other cultural differences.

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Book SynopsisMemoirs of Jewish life in the east European shtetl often recall the hekdesh (town poorhouse) and its residents: beggars, madmen and madwomen, disabled people, and poor orphans. Stepchildren of the Shtetl tells the story of these marginalized figures from the dawn of modernity to the eve of the Holocaust. Combining archival research with analysis of literary, cultural, and religious texts, Natan M. Meir recovers the lived experience of Jewish society's outcasts and reveals the central role that they came to play in the drama of modernization. Those on the margins were often made to bear the burden of the nation as a whole, whether as scapegoats in moments of crisis or as symbols of degeneration, ripe for transformation by reformers, philanthropists, and nationalists. Shining a light into the darkest corners of Jewish society in eastern Europe—from the often squalid poorhouse of the shtetl to the slums and insane asylums of Warsaw and Odessa, from the conscription of poor orphans during the reign of Nicholas I to the cholera wedding, a magical ritual in which an epidemic was halted by marrying outcasts to each other in the town cemetery—Stepchildren of the Shtetl reconsiders the place of the lowliest members of an already stigmatized minority. Trade Review"In this pioneering book, Natan M. Meir illuminates the lives of those on the margins of an already marginalized people—the Jews of Eastern Europe. Drawing on a remarkable range of sources, he revolutionizes our understanding of the shtetl by shedding light on the beggars, orphans, and others who dwelled in its shadows."—Nathaniel Deutsch, author of Inventing America's 'Worst' Family: Eugenics, Islam, and the Fall and Rise of the Tribe of Ishmael"In Stepchildren of the Shtetl, Natan M. Meir connects everyday social experience to questions of political culture writ large, describing how the 'marginal' in Jewish society often came to serve as a figure for East European Jewry as a whole. An original and desperately needed book."—Hillel J. Kieval, author of Languages of Community: The Jewish Experience in the Czech Lands"This outstanding book offers us a glimpse at the underbelly of a Jewish community rarely studied from this vantage point. Meir tackles an elusive topic with analytic skill, keen sensitivity, and clear, accessible prose."—Steven J. Zipperstein, author of Pogrom: Kishinev and the Tilt of History"A book on the treatment of marginals in literature, history, and folklore smacks of brilliance....Meir has spotlighted a central aspect of Jewish life. His method of blending past images with present-day ideological concerns undoubtedly enlivens scholarship and offers a productive example for the profession."—Brian Horowitz, H-Judaic"Meir's study of the poor, disabled, and mad in Jewish Eastern Europe is a landmark achievement, a book that establishes a neglected field.Healso makes a signal contribution to the field of disability history that will be of interest far beyond Jewish studies. Each chapter reveals historical gems. Highly recommended."—D. Biale, CHOICE"Natan Meir's Stepchildren of the Shtetl is a remarkable work. Drawing from Hebrew, Yiddish, Russian, Ukrainian, and Polish sources, equally anchored in the deep recesses of the Jewish past and the latest innovations in disability and gender studies, Meir has given us as much of a glimpse into the margins of east European Jewry as possible. And he links what he finds to the larger story of the Jews at this juncture: the tortuous and ambivalent entry of a historically Othered people into a modernizing region of Europe that often continued to see its Jews as marginal."—Jarrod Tanny, Association for Jewish Studies Review"[Stepchildren of the Shtetl] provides a number of important insights regarding the lives of marginal Jews. Vitally, it includes Jewish and non-Jewish attitudes to liminal members of the Jewish community, and the concept of Jews as a racial and biological 'other' in and of themselves. Moreover, Meir engages with a range of important topics concerning Disability-Jewish history of the era, including but not limited to institutionalization, philanthropy, communal care and charity, media representation, religious, folk and supernatural beliefs, and socioeconomic and political uplift of marginalized people."—Samuel Brady, Jewish Historical StudiesTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Jewish Marginal People in Premodern Europe 2. Blind Beggars and Orphan Recruits: The Russian State, the Kahal, and Marginal Jews in the Early Nineteenth Century 3. A Pile of Dust and Rubble": Poorhouses, Real and Imaginary 4. The Cholera Wedding 5. A "Republic of Beggars"? Charity, Jewish Backwardness, and the Specter of the Jewish Idler 6. Madness and the Mad: From Family Burden to National Affliction 7. "We Singing Jews, We Jews Possessed": The Jewish Outcast as National Icon Epilogue Conclusion: Jewish Intersectionality at the European Fin-de-Siècle

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Book SynopsisNearly 90 percent of residents in Dubai are foreigners with no Emirati nationality. As in many global cities, those who hold Western passports share specific advantages: prestigious careers, high salaries, and comfortable homes and lifestyles. With this book, Amélie Le Renard explores how race, gender and class backgrounds shape experiences of privilege, and investigates the processes that lead to the formation of Westerners as a social group. Westernness is more than a passport; it is also an identity that requires emotional and bodily labor. And as they work, hook up, parent, and hire domestic help, Westerners chase Dubai's promise of socioeconomic elevation for the few. Through an ethnography informed by postcolonial and feminist theory, Le Renard reveals the diverse experiences and trajectories of white and non-white, male and female Westerners to understand the shifting and contingent nature of Westernness—and also its deep connection to whiteness and heteronormativity. Western Privilege offers a singular look at the lived reality of structural racism in cities of the global South.Trade Review"Western Privilege is a must-read for those interested in race and racialization anywhere. 'Western' and 'white' remain unmarked, static categories in most postcolonial scholarship. In this excellent ethnography, Amélie Le Renard shows ushow these structuring categories are both integral to Gulf social hierarchies and have an enduring global influence."—Neha Vora, Lafayette College"Western Privilege provides a fascinating analysis of Dubai as a hub city of postcolonial globalization. Amélie Le Renard skillfully weaves together consideration of a complex range of issues, such as intersectionality and heteronormativity, to bring new insights to scholars of Arab studies and all who work on globalization and migration."—Pauline Leonard, University of Southampton"Amélie Le Renard's portrait of professional workers in Dubai not only provides an intimate rendering of the workings of privilege, but shows why understanding it must foreground race (particularly whiteness), gender, and sexuality. Western Privilege is a rare intersectional analysis of privilege that is both empirically and theoretically rich."—Shamus R. Khan, Princeton University"Western Privilegecontributes to a discussion about Western hegemony by showing how Westernness and whiteness organise social life in a non-Western context. Moreover, the use of a postcolonial feminist approach allows the author to provide insights into how Westernness is conditioned and shaped by gender, race and class. Besides its scholarly contributions, the book will hopefully prompt those who self-identify as Westerners in the Middle Eastern context to critically examine their own contributions to the social order in question."—Dr Liina Mustonen, London School of Economics Review of Books"Recommended."—S. Waalkes, CHOICE"I applaud Le Renard for a rich and thorough investigation of class, gender, nationality, and race."—Jörg Matthias Determann, Review of Middle East Studies"Western Privilege provides a compelling analysis that speaks to multiple disciplines and regions in the world. It is highly recommended."—Yuting Wang, American Journal of SociologyTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. The Construction of Skills 2. Structural Advantages in the Job Market 3. Performing Stereotypical Westernness 4. The Heteronormativity of "Guest Families" 5. Relations with Domestic Employees 6. Hedonistic Lifestyles 7. Western Privilege and White Privilege Conclusion

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Book SynopsisIn contemporary South Africa, power no longer maps neatly onto race. While white South Africans continue to enjoy considerable power at the top levels of industry, they have become a demographic minority, politically subordinate to the black South African population. To be white today means having to adjust to a new racial paradigm. In this book, Jacob Boersema argues that this adaptation requires nothing less than unlearning racism: confronting the shame of a racist past, acknowledging privilege, and, to varying degrees, rethinking notions of nationalism. Drawing on more than 150 interviews with a cross-section of white South Africans—representationally diverse in age, class, and gender—Boersema details how they understand their whiteness and depicts the limits and possibilities of individual, and collective, transformation. He reveals that the process of unlearning racism entails dismantling psychological and institutional structures alike, all of which are inflected by emotion and shaped by ideas of culture and power. Can We Unlearn Racism? pursues a question that should be at the forefront of every society's collective consciousness. Theoretically rich and ethnographically empathetic, this book offers valuable insights into the broader sociological process of unlearning, relevant today to communities all around the world.Trade Review"The first ethnographic study of whites after apartheid, Can We Unlearn Racism? is a richly textured account of the lives of the defeated, those who lost social and political power in the course of South Africa's transition to democracy. Telling their stories from the inside out, this stunning work of scholarship reveals how white citizens deal with the present past by repositioning themselves as simply another minority while making claims on group rights in the language of the historically oppressed. Jacob Boersema's book breaks new ground in studies on the sociology of whiteness through the revealing insights promised in the subtitle: What South Africa teaches us about whiteness."—Jonathan Jansen, Distinguished Professor of Education, Stellenbosch University"Boersema's account is eloquent, powerful, and deeply thought-provoking. From the nation that was once the ultimate pariah state, he draws insights on the interplay of gender, class, and white identity politics that are highly relevant to anti-racist projects worldwide."—Ann Morning, New York University"A major contribution to the white racism literature, Boersema's important ethnographic study offers numerous original insights into the current racial situation in South Africa."—Joe Feagin, Texas A&M University"Ultimately, the author highlights that racism has not been unlearned in South Africa, but an ongoing commitment to an anti-racist mind-set reflects the hope for transformation.... Highly recommended."—C. L. Lalonde, CHOICETable of Contents1. White without Whiteness 2. Coming to Terms with Whiteness 3. Elites and White Identity Politics 4. Populism and White Minoritization 5. White Embodiment and the Working Class 6. Whiteness at Home 7. Unlearning Racism at School 8. Learning from South Africa

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Book SynopsisExposing ethical dilemmas of neuroscientific research on violence, this book warns against a dystopian future in which behavior is narrowly defined in relation to our biological makeup. Biological explanations for violence have existed for centuries, as has criticism of this kind of deterministic science, haunted by a long history of horrific abuse. Yet, this program has endured because of, and not despite, its notorious legacy. Today's scientists are well beyond the nature versus nurture debate. Instead, they contend that scientific progress has led to a nature and nurture, biological and social, stance that allows it to avoid the pitfalls of the past. In Conviction Oliver Rollins cautions against this optimism, arguing that the way these categories are imagined belies a dangerous continuity between past and present. The late 1980s ushered in a wave of techno-scientific advancements in the genetic and brain sciences. Rollins focuses on an often-ignored strand of research, the neuroscience of violence, which he argues became a key player in the larger conversation about the biological origins of criminal, violent behavior. Using powerful technologies, neuroscientists have rationalized an idea of the violent brain—or a brain that bears the marks of predisposition toward "dangerousness." Drawing on extensive analysis of neurobiological research, interviews with neuroscientists, and participant observation, Rollins finds that this construct of the brain is ill-equipped to deal with the complexities and contradictions of the social world, much less the ethical implications of informing treatment based on such simplified definitions. Rollins warns of the potentially devastating effects of a science that promises to "predict" criminals before the crime is committed, in a world that already understands violence largely through a politic of inequality.Trade Review"With the emergence of fMRI technology in the 1990s, neuroscientists have attempted to explain violent behavior by locating specific brainwave activity. However, because of the fluidity of the boundaries that define "violence," it has been a bumpy road. With Conviction, Oliver Rollins has made a significant contribution to explaining why the path has been so fraught—providing a 'sociology of knowledge' construction that illuminates how the scaffolding of key concepts have come into play, and as often, into conflict."—Troy Duster, Chancellor's Professor Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley"Oliver Rollins brilliantly probes claims by contemporary neuroscientists that brain science can investigate racist behavior divorced from bio-criminology's past promotion of biological determinism and racist stereotypes. He incisively exposes the social assumptions embedded in the new neuroscientific model of violence—the "violent brain"—and shows how researchers' attempts to ignore race actually help to perpetuate racist myths about potential criminals. Conviction makes an essential contribution to our understanding of the promises and pitfalls of biosocial science."—Dorothy Roberts, author of Fatal Invention"Conviction is a vital book that pushes social scientific critiques of neuroscience onto more sophisticated terrain. The biologization of crime and violence is a seductive and dangerous idea that scientists cannot seem to resist, even with all its ethical baggage. Concerned social scientists must meet it with arguments that are not recycled from the last battle but engage with the contemporary manifestations of this bad idea."—Owen Whooley, New Genetics and Society"Conviction is a fascinating book that addresses core issues in medical sociology, science studies, the sociology of race, biopolitics, and the sociology of knowledge.... [W]hat we get here is a nuanced, deeply researched portrait of a scientific program that is rife with political problems and uncertainty, wherein scientists' failed efforts to deal with 'the social' demand that we pursue bolder sociological engagements with science."—Paige L. Sweet, American Journal of Sociology"Rollins's final product is a sensible and respectful critique of modern neuroscience and its ambition to succeed in proposing a neutral and complete understanding of violence, where the brain is both the question and the solution and broader social contingencies are overlooked altogether. The book spares readers the redundant free will rhetoric attacking the flaws of biological determinism—which is very welcome. Instead, it confronts readers with a paramount limitation of the neuroscience of violence that is far more concrete, timely, and truly worth of consideration in interdisciplinary discussions on neuroscience, law, and society."—Federica Coppola, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Books"Conviction arrives at a timely moment in which controversial questions surrounding neurological maturity, culpability, and future dangerousness present immediate concerns in the criminal justice system.... Rollins' blending of sociological and medical knowledge makes for a thorough and persuasive argument about the persistence of colorblind racial logics at the intersection of neuroscience and criminology."—Ernest K. Chavez, Law & Society ReviewTable of Contents1. Biology, Violence, and the Continued Debate 2. Finding the "Fit" 3. "Picturing" Risky Brains 4. Beyond Determinism? 5. The Taboo of Race 6. Fixing Violent Brains 7. The Limits of Scientific Conviction

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Book SynopsisDespite its image as an epicenter of progressive social policy, New York City continues to have one of the nation's most segregated school systems. Tracing the quest for integration in education from the mid-1950s to the present, The Battle Nearer to Home follows the tireless efforts by educational activists to dismantle the deep racial and socioeconomic inequalities that segregation reinforces. The fight for integration has shifted significantly over time, not least in terms of the way "integration" is conceived, from transfers of students and redrawing school attendance zones, to more recent demands of community control of segregated schools. In all cases, the Board eventually pulled the plug in the face of resistance from more powerful stakeholders, and, starting in the 1970s, integration receded as a possible solution to educational inequality. In excavating the history of New York City school integration politics, in the halls of power and on the ground, Christopher Bonastia unearths the enduring white resistance to integration and the severe costs paid by Black and Latino students. This last decade has seen activists renew the fight for integration, but the war is still far from won.Trade Review"Rejecting the idea that school integration is an antiquated hangover from the Civil Rights movement, Bonastia repositions racial integration as a worthy tool to achieve equality. Beyond simply 'mixing bodies,' Bonastia reimagines school integration as a commitment to a truly justand equal education for students of color." —Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, author of Race for Profit"Bonastia offers new ways of thinking about school integration, and shows how 'colorblind meritocracy' legitimizes inequality. This important history will help chart a better educational future."—Matthew Delmont, author of Why Busing FailedTable of ContentsContents and Abstracts1Diverse but Segregated chapter abstractSince the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision, New York City repeatedly has vowed to be proactive in reducing school segregation, yet city schools remain highly segregated by race and class. Its actions have not reflected the city's self-image as a racially progressive metropolis. Instead, New York created and maintained a school system that features pockets of managed integration while relegating most Black and Latino students to segregated, under-resourced schools. Education officials have perpetuated this system through the use of border checkpoints to manage integration and segregation. Checkpoints can be physical, administrative, or meritocratic. These checkpoints can take various forms, including locating schools in segregated neighborhoods, delaying action on pro-integrative measures, and screening applicants to schools on the basis of grades and standardized test scores. 2The Case for School Integration chapter abstractFollowing the Brown decision, educational activists pressured the Board of Education to be proactive in support of school integration. The board responded by creating the Commission on Integration tasked with charting a path forward for school integration. Its most controversial recommendations advocated school zoning changes to increase integration and mandatory teacher rotations to assure that students in low-income schools no longer were taught by less-experienced teachers who were often substitutes. Most teachers organizations objected to the latter proposal. Ultimately, the city failed to act on the commission's most meaningful recommendations, a pattern that would repeat itself with subsequent city-sponsored investigations of educational inequality. Activists continued to fight against racial inequality and segregation in NYC schools. The late-1950s cases of the Harlem Nine and the opening of a segregated middle school in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn (JHS 258) are analyzed. 3"Good Neighborhoods Do Not Just Happen" chapter abstractIn 1959, the Board of Ed announced that it would transfer a cohort of Black and Puerto Rican elementary-age students from Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, where schools were severely overcrowded, to underutilized schools in the nearby Queens neighborhoods of Ridgewood and Glendale. Residents of the overwhelmingly white Queens neighborhoods exploded with rage, accusing the board of bringing juvenile delinquents into their schools. In subsequent years, the school integration movement gained steam. In February 1964, nearly half a million New York City youth boycotted schools for a day to protest school segregation. Shortly thereafter, a citywide anti-integration countermovement emerged. In March, an overwhelmingly white crowd of fifteen thousand marched on City Hall and Board of Ed headquarters to protest virtually every mechanism for integration. Four days after that, a second pro-integration boycott took place, though on a smaller scale than its February predecessor. 4Inflamed chapter abstractA 1964 report criticized past Board of Education efforts on integration but cast doubt on the prospects for future progress. The board largely ignored the recommendations to increase integration. In July 1964, uprisings in Harlem and Bedford-Stuyvesant—prompted by the police killing of a Black teenager—roiled New York City. On the first day of the 1964–65 school year, over a quarter of a million white students boycotted to protest the pairing of predominantly Black and predominantly white elementary schools in four locations. In Brooklyn Heights, liberal white parents initially embraced the pairing of two nearby schools to increase integration, but many soured quickly on the experiment, dispatching their children to private schools. There were small groups of white parents who were proactive in their support of school integration, voluntarily sending their children to predominantly Black schools. 5The Roots of Community Control chapter abstractThis chapter traces the evolution of activist demands from integration to community control of schools in Black and Puerto Rican neighborhoods. The turn to community control occurred after persistent demands for integration failed to yield meaningful action from the Board of Education. In Brooklyn, as a last-ditch effort for integrated schools, activists called for the creation of enormous educational parks that would foster integration and offer students the latest in technology and an expanded array of course offerings. They were rebuffed. Citywide, parents and activists increasingly insisted that the board had reneged on its obligation to provide quality education and that local communities should have a greater say in school personnel and budgeting. The board approved the creation of three experimental school districts—in Ocean Hill–Brownsville, Harlem, and the Lower East Side—to gauge the viability of this concept. 6Ocean Hill–Brownsville's Afrocentric, Multicultural Vision chapter abstractWhen the community control experiment began in 1967–68, local parents and new teachers in Ocean Hill–Brownsville complained that remaining union teachers were attempting to sabotage the experiment. In May 1968, the OHB Governing Board terminated nineteen union teachers and administrators. The United Federation of Teachers was apoplectic, claiming the staffers were fired without due process. That fall, after OHB had hired nearly a full contingent of replacement teachers, the UFT launched three citywide strikes that crippled education in most of the city; OHB schools remained open. The UFT accused Ocean Hill–Brownsville of blatant anti-Semitism, an accusation the OHB Governing Board denied. In April 1969, the state legislature effectively dismantled the community-control districts. Students who attended OHB schools during the UFT strikes recall a rewarding experience in which they were respected and valued as students and Black and Puerto Rican cultures were celebrated. 7Race and Education after Community Control chapter abstractIn Washington, DC, Southern senators fought against the double standard that applied to school segregation: aggressive enforcement in the South, where schools had been segregated by law, and a laissez-faire policy elsewhere, where school segregation had occurred in practice. They were joined in their call for a national school desegregation policy by Connecticut liberal Abraham Ribicoff. While Ribicoff wished to see school desegregation enforced outside the South, his Southern colleagues were seeking to relax enforcement in their region. In early-1970s New York, a group of Black students in Brooklyn endured a dispiriting battle to find schools that would enroll them: they were treated as unwanted intruders. Later that decade, the city school system faced the threatened withdrawal of federal funds for violating civil rights laws prohibiting discrimination. 8The Renewed Demand for Integration chapter abstractFrom the mid-1970s to the early 2010s, the fight for school integration in New York City was essentially moribund. A 2012 report on the high degree of segregation in NYC schools and a 2014 one labeling New York the most segregated state school system in the US spurred a revitalized integration movement led by students. While Chancellor Richard Carranza argued for integration as a top priority, and several local school districts made efforts to increase integration, Mayor Bill de Blasio was not supportive of systemwide integration even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Student activists from organizations such as IntegrateNYC and Teens Take Charge have continued to exert pressure on school officials to dismantle school segregation by eliminating academic screens from the junior high and high school admissions processes. 9Learning from the Past and Moving Forward chapter abstractThe type of integration envisioned by New York City student activists does not depend on proximity to whiteness or merely moving bodies around. They envision a school system in which there are no longer a clearly identifiable set of "good schools"—populated primarily by white and Asian students, with ample resources, responsive faculty, and an array of courses and extracurricular activities—and a much larger contingent of "bad schools" — populated by Black, Latino, and some Asian students, and lacking these characteristics. In the nearly seven decades since Brown v. Board of Education, New York City school officials have extolled integration but have been reluctant to take action that might cause white families to exit the school system. With white students comprising 15 percent of the public school population, allowing those families to informally veto policies that would improve education for the majority of students is unjustifiable.

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Book SynopsisIn Black Reconstruction W.E.B. Du Bois wrote, "The slave went free; stood for a brief moment in the sun; then moved back again toward slavery." His words echo across the decades as the civil rights revolution, marked by the passage of landmark civil rights laws in the '60s, has seen those gains steadily and systematically whittled away. As history testifies, revolution nearly always triggers its antithesis: counterrevolution. In this book Steinberg provides an analysis of this backlash, tracing the reverse flow of history that has led to the current national reckoning on race. Steinberg puts counterrevolution into historical and theoretical perspective, exploring the "victim-blaming" and "colorblind" discourses that emerged in the post-segregation era and undermined progress toward racial equality, and led to the gutting of affirmative action. This book reflects Steinberg's long career as a critical race scholar, culminating with his assessment of our current moment and the possibilities for political transformation. Trade Review"This is an important intervention in the post-Floyd national debate about why the problem of race in the republic has been so long-lasting."—Charles W. Mills, author of Black Rights/White Wrongs"In this book, Stephen Steinberg concludes his incisive meditation on the race relations paradigm, the discipline of sociology, and what he now calls the 'frontlash' of the contemporary surge of the U.S. toward a revanchist anti-Black society. Steinberg accomplishes the rare feat of producing a third volume of a trilogy—Turning Back: The Retreat from Racial Justice in American Thought and Policy and Race Relations: A Critique—that raises the project to dazzling new heights. He does this by illuminating the depths to which contemporary U.S. racial ideology and policy have plummeted. At the core of Steinberg's analysis, he resurrects the unrealized possibilities of affirmative action to power a third Reconstruction by tracing its birth, murder, death, and transmutation into diversity."—Sundiata Cha-Jua, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"Stephen Steinberg has done it again! With the wit, verve, and intellectual rigor that we have come to expect from him, Steinberg exposes the zeal with which conservatives (and their white liberal accomplices) worked to roll back the gains of the US civil rights movement. Counterrevolution paints a harrowing picture of the revanchist intellectual and political forces that coalesced in opposition to Black freedom and equality in the United States in the period between the 1960s and 2010s. The depth and breadth of Steinberg's scholarship will surely make the book essential reading for a new generation of scholars and activists fighting against racial oppression today."—Jeff Maskovsky, CUNY Graduate Center"Steinberg's Counterrevolution is a harrowing and important read. Striking a cautionary tone, he warns of the dangers of ignoring the whittling down of hard-fought civil rights gains. As the rights of minorities are trounced in this reactionary response to their political, social and economic gains, Steinberg's book is well researched and of crucial importance in the current socio-political landscape."—Denise N. Obinna, Ethnic and Racial Studies"We have needed this book. Stephen Steinberg has produced a brilliant overview of the decades-long campaign by business and the organized right to reverse the victories of the mid-twentieth-century Civil Rights Movement.... What makes this book so valuable is the force of its argument about how the counter-revolution gains by moving relentlessly from one civil rights rollback to the next, culminating in the ongoing Republican campaign to limit voting rights, especially the voting rights of African Americans."—Frances Fox Piven, New PoliticsTable of ContentsIntroduction: "Race Relations": An Obfuscation Part I: Counterrevolution in Theoretical and Historical Perspective 1. Nails in the Coffin of the Civil Rights Movement 2. How Daniel Patrick Moynihan Derailed the Civil Rights Movement 3. Nathan Glazer and the Assassination of Affirmative Action 4. The Comeback of the Culture of Poverty Part II: Deconstructing Victim-Blaming Discourses Chapter 5: The Role of Social Science in Legitimating Racial Hierarchy Chapter 6: Is Education a False Panacea for the Racial and Class Inequalities of Capitalist America? Chapter 7: The Myth of Ethnic Success: Old Wine in New Bottles Chapter 8: "Making It": Fact Versus Fiction Chapter 9: Race and the Fallacy of the Goose-Gander Rule: Implications for the Black Lives Matter Movement Chapter 10: The Political Uses of Concentrated Poverty Part III: From Backlash to Frontlash Chapter 11: Decolonizing Race Knowledge: Exorcising the Ghost of Herbert Spencer Chapter 12: The Myth of Black Progress Chapter 13: Systemic Racism: The Elephant in the Room Chapter 14: Bring Back Affirmative Action Chapter 15: Trump, Trumpism, and the Resurgence of White Supremacy

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Book SynopsisIn Black Reconstruction W.E.B. Du Bois wrote, "The slave went free; stood for a brief moment in the sun; then moved back again toward slavery." His words echo across the decades as the civil rights revolution, marked by the passage of landmark civil rights laws in the '60s, has seen those gains steadily and systematically whittled away. As history testifies, revolution nearly always triggers its antithesis: counterrevolution. In this book Steinberg provides an analysis of this backlash, tracing the reverse flow of history that has led to the current national reckoning on race. Steinberg puts counterrevolution into historical and theoretical perspective, exploring the "victim-blaming" and "colorblind" discourses that emerged in the post-segregation era and undermined progress toward racial equality, and led to the gutting of affirmative action. This book reflects Steinberg's long career as a critical race scholar, culminating with his assessment of our current moment and the possibilities for political transformation. Trade Review"This is an important intervention in the post-Floyd national debate about why the problem of race in the republic has been so long-lasting."—Charles W. Mills, author of Black Rights/White Wrongs"In this book, Stephen Steinberg concludes his incisive meditation on the race relations paradigm, the discipline of sociology, and what he now calls the 'frontlash' of the contemporary surge of the U.S. toward a revanchist anti-Black society. Steinberg accomplishes the rare feat of producing a third volume of a trilogy—Turning Back: The Retreat from Racial Justice in American Thought and Policy and Race Relations: A Critique—that raises the project to dazzling new heights. He does this by illuminating the depths to which contemporary U.S. racial ideology and policy have plummeted. At the core of Steinberg's analysis, he resurrects the unrealized possibilities of affirmative action to power a third Reconstruction by tracing its birth, murder, death, and transmutation into diversity."—Sundiata Cha-Jua, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign"Stephen Steinberg has done it again! With the wit, verve, and intellectual rigor that we have come to expect from him, Steinberg exposes the zeal with which conservatives (and their white liberal accomplices) worked to roll back the gains of the US civil rights movement. Counterrevolution paints a harrowing picture of the revanchist intellectual and political forces that coalesced in opposition to Black freedom and equality in the United States in the period between the 1960s and 2010s. The depth and breadth of Steinberg's scholarship will surely make the book essential reading for a new generation of scholars and activists fighting against racial oppression today."—Jeff Maskovsky, CUNY Graduate Center"Steinberg's Counterrevolution is a harrowing and important read. Striking a cautionary tone, he warns of the dangers of ignoring the whittling down of hard-fought civil rights gains. As the rights of minorities are trounced in this reactionary response to their political, social and economic gains, Steinberg's book is well researched and of crucial importance in the current socio-political landscape."—Denise N. Obinna, Ethnic and Racial Studies"We have needed this book. Stephen Steinberg has produced a brilliant overview of the decades-long campaign by business and the organized right to reverse the victories of the mid-twentieth-century Civil Rights Movement.... What makes this book so valuable is the force of its argument about how the counter-revolution gains by moving relentlessly from one civil rights rollback to the next, culminating in the ongoing Republican campaign to limit voting rights, especially the voting rights of African Americans."—Frances Fox Piven, New PoliticsTable of ContentsIntroduction: "Race Relations": An Obfuscation Part I: Counterrevolution in Theoretical and Historical Perspective 1. Nails in the Coffin of the Civil Rights Movement 2. How Daniel Patrick Moynihan Derailed the Civil Rights Movement 3. Nathan Glazer and the Assassination of Affirmative Action 4. The Comeback of the Culture of Poverty Part II: Deconstructing Victim-Blaming Discourses Chapter 5: The Role of Social Science in Legitimating Racial Hierarchy Chapter 6: Is Education a False Panacea for the Racial and Class Inequalities of Capitalist America? Chapter 7: The Myth of Ethnic Success: Old Wine in New Bottles Chapter 8: "Making It": Fact Versus Fiction Chapter 9: Race and the Fallacy of the Goose-Gander Rule: Implications for the Black Lives Matter Movement Chapter 10: The Political Uses of Concentrated Poverty Part III: From Backlash to Frontlash Chapter 11: Decolonizing Race Knowledge: Exorcising the Ghost of Herbert Spencer Chapter 12: The Myth of Black Progress Chapter 13: Systemic Racism: The Elephant in the Room Chapter 14: Bring Back Affirmative Action Chapter 15: Trump, Trumpism, and the Resurgence of White Supremacy

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Book SynopsisDespite its image as an epicenter of progressive social policy, New York City continues to have one of the nation's most segregated school systems. Tracing the quest for integration in education from the mid-1950s to the present, The Battle Nearer to Home follows the tireless efforts by educational activists to dismantle the deep racial and socioeconomic inequalities that segregation reinforces. The fight for integration has shifted significantly over time, not least in terms of the way "integration" is conceived, from transfers of students and redrawing school attendance zones, to more recent demands of community control of segregated schools. In all cases, the Board eventually pulled the plug in the face of resistance from more powerful stakeholders, and, starting in the 1970s, integration receded as a possible solution to educational inequality. In excavating the history of New York City school integration politics, in the halls of power and on the ground, Christopher Bonastia unearths the enduring white resistance to integration and the severe costs paid by Black and Latino students. This last decade has seen activists renew the fight for integration, but the war is still far from won.Trade Review"Rejecting the idea that school integration is an antiquated hangover from the Civil Rights movement, Bonastia repositions racial integration as a worthy tool to achieve equality. Beyond simply 'mixing bodies,' Bonastia reimagines school integration as a commitment to a truly justand equal education for students of color." —Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, author of Race for Profit"Bonastia offers new ways of thinking about school integration, and shows how 'colorblind meritocracy' legitimizes inequality. This important history will help chart a better educational future."—Matthew Delmont, author of Why Busing FailedTable of ContentsContents and Abstracts1Diverse but Segregated chapter abstractSince the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision, New York City repeatedly has vowed to be proactive in reducing school segregation, yet city schools remain highly segregated by race and class. Its actions have not reflected the city's self-image as a racially progressive metropolis. Instead, New York created and maintained a school system that features pockets of managed integration while relegating most Black and Latino students to segregated, under-resourced schools. Education officials have perpetuated this system through the use of border checkpoints to manage integration and segregation. Checkpoints can be physical, administrative, or meritocratic. These checkpoints can take various forms, including locating schools in segregated neighborhoods, delaying action on pro-integrative measures, and screening applicants to schools on the basis of grades and standardized test scores. 2The Case for School Integration chapter abstractFollowing the Brown decision, educational activists pressured the Board of Education to be proactive in support of school integration. The board responded by creating the Commission on Integration tasked with charting a path forward for school integration. Its most controversial recommendations advocated school zoning changes to increase integration and mandatory teacher rotations to assure that students in low-income schools no longer were taught by less-experienced teachers who were often substitutes. Most teachers organizations objected to the latter proposal. Ultimately, the city failed to act on the commission's most meaningful recommendations, a pattern that would repeat itself with subsequent city-sponsored investigations of educational inequality. Activists continued to fight against racial inequality and segregation in NYC schools. The late-1950s cases of the Harlem Nine and the opening of a segregated middle school in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn (JHS 258) are analyzed. 3"Good Neighborhoods Do Not Just Happen" chapter abstractIn 1959, the Board of Ed announced that it would transfer a cohort of Black and Puerto Rican elementary-age students from Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, where schools were severely overcrowded, to underutilized schools in the nearby Queens neighborhoods of Ridgewood and Glendale. Residents of the overwhelmingly white Queens neighborhoods exploded with rage, accusing the board of bringing juvenile delinquents into their schools. In subsequent years, the school integration movement gained steam. In February 1964, nearly half a million New York City youth boycotted schools for a day to protest school segregation. Shortly thereafter, a citywide anti-integration countermovement emerged. In March, an overwhelmingly white crowd of fifteen thousand marched on City Hall and Board of Ed headquarters to protest virtually every mechanism for integration. Four days after that, a second pro-integration boycott took place, though on a smaller scale than its February predecessor. 4Inflamed chapter abstractA 1964 report criticized past Board of Education efforts on integration but cast doubt on the prospects for future progress. The board largely ignored the recommendations to increase integration. In July 1964, uprisings in Harlem and Bedford-Stuyvesant—prompted by the police killing of a Black teenager—roiled New York City. On the first day of the 1964–65 school year, over a quarter of a million white students boycotted to protest the pairing of predominantly Black and predominantly white elementary schools in four locations. In Brooklyn Heights, liberal white parents initially embraced the pairing of two nearby schools to increase integration, but many soured quickly on the experiment, dispatching their children to private schools. There were small groups of white parents who were proactive in their support of school integration, voluntarily sending their children to predominantly Black schools. 5The Roots of Community Control chapter abstractThis chapter traces the evolution of activist demands from integration to community control of schools in Black and Puerto Rican neighborhoods. The turn to community control occurred after persistent demands for integration failed to yield meaningful action from the Board of Education. In Brooklyn, as a last-ditch effort for integrated schools, activists called for the creation of enormous educational parks that would foster integration and offer students the latest in technology and an expanded array of course offerings. They were rebuffed. Citywide, parents and activists increasingly insisted that the board had reneged on its obligation to provide quality education and that local communities should have a greater say in school personnel and budgeting. The board approved the creation of three experimental school districts—in Ocean Hill–Brownsville, Harlem, and the Lower East Side—to gauge the viability of this concept. 6Ocean Hill–Brownsville's Afrocentric, Multicultural Vision chapter abstractWhen the community control experiment began in 1967–68, local parents and new teachers in Ocean Hill–Brownsville complained that remaining union teachers were attempting to sabotage the experiment. In May 1968, the OHB Governing Board terminated nineteen union teachers and administrators. The United Federation of Teachers was apoplectic, claiming the staffers were fired without due process. That fall, after OHB had hired nearly a full contingent of replacement teachers, the UFT launched three citywide strikes that crippled education in most of the city; OHB schools remained open. The UFT accused Ocean Hill–Brownsville of blatant anti-Semitism, an accusation the OHB Governing Board denied. In April 1969, the state legislature effectively dismantled the community-control districts. Students who attended OHB schools during the UFT strikes recall a rewarding experience in which they were respected and valued as students and Black and Puerto Rican cultures were celebrated. 7Race and Education after Community Control chapter abstractIn Washington, DC, Southern senators fought against the double standard that applied to school segregation: aggressive enforcement in the South, where schools had been segregated by law, and a laissez-faire policy elsewhere, where school segregation had occurred in practice. They were joined in their call for a national school desegregation policy by Connecticut liberal Abraham Ribicoff. While Ribicoff wished to see school desegregation enforced outside the South, his Southern colleagues were seeking to relax enforcement in their region. In early-1970s New York, a group of Black students in Brooklyn endured a dispiriting battle to find schools that would enroll them: they were treated as unwanted intruders. Later that decade, the city school system faced the threatened withdrawal of federal funds for violating civil rights laws prohibiting discrimination. 8The Renewed Demand for Integration chapter abstractFrom the mid-1970s to the early 2010s, the fight for school integration in New York City was essentially moribund. A 2012 report on the high degree of segregation in NYC schools and a 2014 one labeling New York the most segregated state school system in the US spurred a revitalized integration movement led by students. While Chancellor Richard Carranza argued for integration as a top priority, and several local school districts made efforts to increase integration, Mayor Bill de Blasio was not supportive of systemwide integration even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Student activists from organizations such as IntegrateNYC and Teens Take Charge have continued to exert pressure on school officials to dismantle school segregation by eliminating academic screens from the junior high and high school admissions processes. 9Learning from the Past and Moving Forward chapter abstractThe type of integration envisioned by New York City student activists does not depend on proximity to whiteness or merely moving bodies around. They envision a school system in which there are no longer a clearly identifiable set of "good schools"—populated primarily by white and Asian students, with ample resources, responsive faculty, and an array of courses and extracurricular activities—and a much larger contingent of "bad schools" — populated by Black, Latino, and some Asian students, and lacking these characteristics. In the nearly seven decades since Brown v. Board of Education, New York City school officials have extolled integration but have been reluctant to take action that might cause white families to exit the school system. With white students comprising 15 percent of the public school population, allowing those families to informally veto policies that would improve education for the majority of students is unjustifiable.

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Book SynopsisAs developing states adopt neoliberal policies, more and more working-class women find themselves pulled into the public sphere. They are pressed into wage work by a privatizing and unstable job market. Likewise, they are pulled into public roles by gender mainstreaming policies that developing states must sign on to in order to receive transnational aid. Their inclusion into the political economy is very beneficial for society, but is it also beneficial for women? In The Stigma Matrix Fauzia Husain draws on the experiences of policewomen, lady health workers, and airline attendants, all frontline workers who help the Pakistani state, and its global allies, address, surveil, and discipline veiled women citizens. These women, she finds, confront a stigma matrix: a complex of local and global, historic, and contemporary factors that work together to complicate women's integration into public life. The experiences of the three groups Husain examines reveal that inclusion requires more than quotas or special seats. This book advances critical feminist and sociological frameworks on stigma and agency showing that both concepts are made up of multiple layers of meaning, and are entangled with elite projects of hegemony.Trade Review"This is an impressive, gorgeously written book that tackles a question of vital importance. Fauzia Husain situates stigma as a force that reaches from the historical colonial past, across decades of neoliberal global forces, and renders its micro-contextual consequences starkly in the intimate daily lives of women tasked with enacting the will of the state under incredibly difficult conditions."—Erin McDonnell, Author of Patchwork Leviathan"This remarkable and richly detailed ethnography explores how frontline women workers in Pakistan navigate the colliding norms of purdah and neoliberal economic policies. With a keen analytical eye, Fauzia Husain shows how cultural stigma is shaped, while also providing a novel and multifaceted account of women's agency. The Stigma Matrix is mandatory reading for anyone interested in gender and work in global contexts."—Rachel Rinaldo, Author of Mobilizing PietyTable of ContentsAcknowledgments INTRODUCTION 1. THE GLOBAL CONSTITUENTS OF SEXUALIZED STIGMAS IN PAKISTAN 2. THE MESO LEVEL OF THE STIGMA MATRIX: THE CONTEXTS OF STIGMA IN FRONTLINE WORK 3. VEILED DELICACY: AGENTIC RESPONSES TO STIGMA IN THE PAKISTANI POLICE FORCE 4. SACRED CONDUITS: STIGMA AND THE AGENCY OF HEALTH WORKERS 5. MAVENS OF MOBILITY: HOW AIRLINE WOMEN NAVIGATE STIGMA 6. SPECTACULAR AGENCY: STUNNING DRAMAS OF RECRUITMENT CONCLUSION: MOVING FORWARD WITH THE STIGMA MATRIX Appendix Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisFrom the 1970s on, Los Angeles was transformed into a center for entertainment, consumption, and commerce for the affluent. Mirroring the urban development trend across the nation, new construction led to the displacement of low-income and working-class racial minorities, as city officials targeted these neighborhoods for demolition in order to spur economic growth and bring in affluent residents. Responding to the displacement, there emerged a coalition of unions, community organizers, and faith-based groups advocating for policy change. In Building Downtown Los Angeles Leland Saito traces these two parallel trends through specific construction projects and the backlash they provoked. He uses these events to theorize the past and present processes of racial formation and the racialization of place, drawing new insights on the relationships between race, place, and policy. Saito brings to bear the importance of historical events on contemporary processes of gentrification and integrates the fluidity of racial categories into his analysis. He explores these forces in action, as buyers and entrepreneurs meet in the real estate marketplace, carrying with them a fraught history of exclusion and vast disparities in wealth among racial groups.Trade Review"Another richly detailed book on capitalistic space control and white racism by Leland Saito! Although big capital and city officials remade LA's Broadway area, California's progressive growth-with-equity groups democratized this once capitalist-dominated city development process. Accenting historical context and changing meanings of white racial framing of cities, Saito crafts a very innovative racial-spatial formation theory."—Joe Feagin, Texas A&M University"Through rich documentation and incisive theorizing, Saito exposes a tragic history of racialized residential and community displacement in LA. He vividly portrays the struggles of regional social justice organizations to wrest community benefits agreements along with nuanced policy appraisals for how to achieve more redistributive and equitable urban futures in LA and elsewhere."—Jan Lin, Occidental College"Saito goes beyond the dualities of power and inequalities as he eloquently depicts the struggles and negotiations between community-based organizations and city officials and developers who had little regard for the welfare of racial and working-class minorities."—Fazila Bhimji, Ethnic and Racial Studies"Even though many studies have been published about Los Angeles, there is a lot to learn from Saito's thoroughly researched manuscript, particularly about the power of community coalitions and how they could challenge even the most influential developers. This is an excellent book, expertly structured, with a well-crafted and clear message about the path to success of local organizing for social justice."—Elena Vesselinov, Social ForcesTable of ContentsIntroduction: Racial-Spatial Formation 1. The Los Angeles Convention Center: 1950s-1990s 2. The Staples Center and L.A. Live: 1990s-2010s 3. Growth Interests and the Growth with Equity Coalition: 1990s 4. Negotiating the L.A. Live Community Benefits Agreement: 1990s-2000s 5. Evaluating the L.A. Live Community Benefits Agreement: 2000s 6. The NFL Stadium Proposal and Neighborhood Change: 1990-2015 Conclusion: Implications for Social Justice

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