Ergonomics Books

Book SynopsisToday, engineering systems are an important element of the world economy and each year billions of dollars are spent to develop, manufacture, operate, and maintain various types of engineering systems around the globe. Many of these systems are highly sophisticated and contain millions of parts. For example, a Boeing jumbo 747 is made up of approximately 4.5 million parts including fasteners. Needless to say, reliability, safety, and maintenance of systems such as this have become more important than ever before. Global competition and other factors are forcing manufacturers to produce highly reliable, safe, and maintainable engineering products. Therefore, there is a definite need for the reliability, safety, and maintenance professionals to work closely during design and other phases. Engineering Systems Reliability, Safety, and Maintenance: An Integrated Approach eliminates the need to consult many different and diverse sources in the hunt for the informatioTrade Review "The unique strength of this book is an integrated approach covering the fields of Reliability, Safety and Maintenance with all the foundational materials, methods and detailed applications with step by step approach to leverage.The author is an International Authority in the fields Reliability, Safety and Maintenance Engineering. The primary strength of this book is the integrated approach covering the fields of Reliability, Safety and Maintenance Engineering fields. The book covers some of the most relevant applications of 21st Century such as Internet, Robotics, Software, Mining, Medical, Aerospace, Navy and various real life Transportation Systems. The author has simplified the most difficult & complex concepts and methods into simple, easy to use, step-by-step approach. This is a major differentiation for the book. This book will be extremely useful to not only senior Under Graduate Students but also useful to Graduate students, Researchers and various Engineering Professionals."— Subramanyam Naidu Rayapati, Agile CloudTech, LLC., USA"Reliability, safety and maintenance are the key issues in contemporary systems as they become more and more complex. Following a general overview of the significance of these issues, this book presents a systematic survey of fundamental concepts assuring the above mentioned system features. This book is unique due to combining reliability, safety and maintenance issues in one volume, moreover the presented considerations refer to systems and practical problems from different domains; e.g. robot, transportation, aviation, medicine and other industries."— Janusz Sosnowski, Institute of Computer Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland"The unique strength of this book is an integrated approach covering the fields of Reliability, Safety and Maintenance with all the foundational materials, methods and detailed applications with step by step approach to leverage. The author is an International Authority in the fields Reliability, Safety and Maintenance Engineering. The primary strength of this book is the integrated approach covering the fields of Reliability, Safety and Maintenance Engineering fields. The book covers some of the most relevant applications of 21st Century such as Internet, Robotics, Software, Mining, Medical, Aerospace, Navy and various real life Transportation Systems. The author has simplified the most difficult & complex concepts and methods into simple, easy to use, step-by-step approach. This is a major differentiation for the book. This book will be extremely useful to not only senior Under Graduate Students but also useful to Graduate students, Researchers and various Engineering Professionals."— Subramanyam Naidu Rayapati, Agile CloudTech, LLC., USA"Reliability, safety and maintenance are the key issues in contemporary systems as they become more and more complex. Following a general overview of the significance of these issues, this book presents a systematic survey of fundamental concepts assuring the above mentioned system features. This book is unique due to combining reliability, safety and maintenance issues in one volume, moreover the presented considerations refer to systems and practical problems from different domains; e.g. robot, transportation, aviation, medicine and other industries."— Janusz Sosnowski, Institute of Computer Science, Warsaw University of Technology, PolandTable of ContentsIntroduction. Reliability, Safety, and Maintenance Mathematics. Reliability, Safety, and Maintenance Basics. Methods for Performing Reliability, Safety, and Maintenance Analysis of Engineering Systems. Computer, Internet, and Robot Systems Reliability. Transportation Systems Failures and Human Error in Transportation Systems. Software, Robot, and Transportation Systems Safety. Medical and Mining Systems Safety. Software and Reliability Centered Maintenance. Maintenance Safety and Human Error in Aviation and Power Plant Maintenance. Mathematical Models for Performing Engineering Systems Reliability, Safety, and Maintenance Analysis. Appendix – Bibliography of Literature on Engineering Systems Reliability, Safety, and Maintenance.

Read more less

Book SynopsisBuilding on the success of previous editions, the 4th edition of Introduction to Human Factors and Ergonomics' provides a comprehensive and up to date introduction to the field. The new edition places the subject matter into a system context using a human-machine model to structure the chapters and a knowledge application model to structure the organisation of material in each chapter. Every chapter covers: Core Concepts, Basic Applications, Tools and Processes, and System Integration issues regardless of topic. Includes over 200 exercises and essays (at least ten per chapter). An Instructor's Manual, A Guide to Tutorials and Seminars and and over 500 powerpoint slides are available for academic users from the publisher. All chapters contain HFE Workshop' sections with practical guidance and worked examples. Please see the TOC for more information.Trade Review"The most important thing I found in this book is the selection of topics. I should say Dr. Bridger gave the foremost emphasis on the inclusion of specific topics for future students and researchers who may be interested to contribute the knowledge in the betterment of the society. So, the interesting part of this book, in each chapter there is a section where the author identifies the integration of specific topic with its system component.I am definite, in near future, this book will be treated as the most dependable text book for students and at the same time as the most helpful guide for researchers."— Somnath Gangopadhyay, University of Calcutta, IndiaTable of ContentsPrologue: Human Factors and Ergonomics in Systems Design and Project Management. Human Factors and Ergonomics from the Earliest Times to the Present. The Body as a Mechanical System. Anthropometry, Workstation and Facilities Design. Standing and Sitting at Work. Repetitive Tasks. Risk Assessment and Task Design. Design of Manual Handling and Load Carriage Tasks. Work Capacity, Stress, Fatigue and Recovery. Job Demands, Health and Well-being for a Changing Population. Working in hot and Cold Climates. The Visual Environment. Measurement and Design. Hearing, Sound, Noise and Vibration. The Mind at Work: Intention, Action and Interpretation. Displays and Controls. Interactive Devices and the Internet. HFE in Accident Investigation and Safety Management. System Stability and Sustainability. Appendix A. Glossary. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book argues for a prospective turn in ergonomics to challenge the established fields of strategic design (SD) and management. Its multi-disciplinary outlook builds upon concepts derived from Management, Innovation and Design Science. Differences, similarities and relationships between strategic design and prospective ergonomics are reviewed using existing theories and frameworks from design, ergonomics, and strategic and innovation management. To complement the theory, 12 cases have been analyzed in greater depth according to 4 main dimensions of analysis. Outcomes have shown that innovating through the Prospective Ergonomics (PE) approach is about finding the right balance between, on the one hand, meeting primary objectives such as profit maximization or solving the design problem, and on the other, acknowledging that human activity is bounded by rationality. This means that humans have diverse motives. Table of Contents1. Perspectives and Transitions in Ergonomics. 2. Management and Ergonomic Approaches toward Innovation and Design. 3. Ergonomic Interventions on Management Frameworks. 4. Research Organization. 5. Analysis of 12 Design Case Studies. 6. Cross-Comparison of Cases. 7. Discussion.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book seeks to extend the boundaries of aviation psychology in two interrelated ways: by broadening the focus of aviation psychology beyond the flight deck to the whole aviation system; and by discussing new theoretical developments which are shaping this applied discipline. A key feature of these theoretical advances is that they are grounded in a more developed, ecologically valid, understanding of practice. Among the issues addressed in this new integration of theory and practice are the following: what goes on in the flight deck is dependent on the wider organisational context; human factors issues in aircraft maintenance and grounding are critical to aviation safety; our capacity to learn from aviation accidents and incidents needs to be supported by more systematic human factors investigation and research; we must also develop our understanding of the human factors of accident survival as well as accident prevention; theories of crew coordination and decision making must be supported by an analysis of how decisions are actually made in the real world with all its stresses and constraints; training should be grounded in a thoroughgoing analysis of the complexity of the job and a full understanding of the training process itself. The text will be of interest to human factors researchers and practitioners in aviation and related areas. It will be of particular relevance to those who have a role in training, management or regulation throughout the aviation system.Trade Review’This book offers a timely contribution to the aviation psychology scene. The editors and contributors cover a wide range of the subject and have excellent experience to draw upon...The layout is clear and easily understandable...the editors are to be congratulated on their achievement.’ Aerospace ’This book would readily serve as a text book for an Introductory Aviation/Psychology course, as well as an excellent refresher for those involved in the practice of aviation psychology. The book is printed on good quality paper; it is well bound and benefits from numerous tables and figures. It certainly seems worth its price and will return many benefits to those who invest in it.’ Aviation, Space and Environmental MedicineTable of ContentsContents: Foreword by Captain Daniel Maurino: International Civil Aviation Organization; Introduction: Applied psychology and aviation: Issues of theory and practice, Nick McDonald: Trinity College Dublin and Neil Johnson: Aer Lingus and Trinity College Dublin. The Aviation Socio-technical System: Organizational safety culture: Implications for aviation practice, Nick Pidgeon: Birkbeck College, London and Mike O’Leary: British Airways and Birkbeck College, London; Philosophy, policies, procedures and practice: The four Ps of flight deck operations, Asaf Degani: San Jose State University Foundation and NASA-Ames Research Center and Earl L. Wiener: University of Miami; The management of safety on the airport ramp, Nick McDonald and Ray Fuller: Trinity College Dublin; Human error in aircraft maintenance, David A. Marx and R. Curtis Graeber: Boeing Commercial Aircraft Group; Passenger safety, Helen G. Muir: Cranfield University. Learning from Accidents: Investigation of human factors: The link to accident prevention, Peter G. Harle: Transportation Safety Board of Canada; Using voluntary incident reports for human factors evaluation, Sheryl L. Chappell: NASA-Ames Research Center. New Theoretical Models: Behaviour analysis and aviation safety, Ray Fuller: Trinity College Dublin; Cognitive Task Analysis in air traffic controller and aviation crew training, Richard E. Redding: Human Technology Inc. and Thomas L. Seamster: Carlow International Inc.; Aeronautical Decision Making: The next generation, George L. Kaempf and Gary Klein: Klein Associates Inc.; Shared problem models and flight crew performance, Judith M. Orasanu: NASA-Ames Research Center; Stress and crew performance: Challenges for aeronautical decision making training, Carolyn Prince, Clint A. Bowers and Eduardo Salas: US Naval Training Systems Centre. The Delivery of Training: Crew resource management: Achieving enhanced flight operations, William R. Taggart: The University of Texas at Austin; Improv

Read more less

Book SynopsisAfter a quick survey of the famous pioneers of human movement analysis and the actual needs in different domains, this book presents the main types of systems available on the market (with the pros and cons), and then details the most widely used: the optoelectronic systems using passive markers. The theoretical background for joint kinematics calculation is explained, specifying the international standardization for parameters reports. One chapter is dedicated to measurement errors and their management, followed by several applications, mostly in the clinical field.Table of ContentsFOREWORD ix CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND STATE OF THE ART 1 1.1. Historical benchmarks 2 1.2. Current needs in different domains 9 1.2.1. Simulation of movement in ergonomics 9 1.2.2. The command of humanoid robots 11 1.2.3. The analysis of sporting movements 13 1.2.4. Clinical applications of movement analysis 14 CHAPTER 2. THE DIFFERENT MOVEMENT ANALYSIS DEVICES AVAILABLE ON THE MARKET 17 2.1. Which tools for different applications? 17 2.2. Optical capture systems and passive tags 24 2.2.1. Working principle of an optical system with passive markers 24 2.2.2. Implementation steps of an experimental protocol using this type of system 30 CHAPTER 3. FROM MEASUREMENT TO INTERPRETATION 35 3.1. The different parameters 35 3.2. Recommendations by the International Society of Biomechanics to standardize the presentation of joint angles 49 3.3. Joint translations or displacements 54 CHAPTER 4. ERRORS IN MEASUREMENT 59 4.1. Instrumental errors 59 4.2. Experimental errors 60 4.2.1. Soft tissue artifacts 61 4.3. Error in locating anatomical landmarks 68 4.3.1. Assessment 68 4.3.2. Sensitivity of joint kinematics to these errors 71 CHAPTER 5. SOME CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 73 5.1. Evolution of biomechanical parameters of gait in infants, from first steps to 7 years old 74 5.1.1. Materials and methods 74 5.1.2. Results and discussion 76 5.2. Upper limb, assessment of functional movements 81 5.3. Mobility of a healthy cervical spine 87 5.3.1. Materials and methods 87 5.3.2. Results and discussion 91 5.4. Changes in the three-dimensional kinematics of the knee with medial compartment arthrosis 94 5.4.1. Materials and methods 95 5.4.2. Results and discussion 99 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 103 BIBLIOGRAPHY 107 INDEX 129

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book, on the ergonomics of human−machine systems, is aimed at engineers specializing in informatics, automation, production or robotics, who are faced with a significant dilemma during the conception of human−machine systems. On the one hand, the human operator guarantees the reliability of the system and has been known to salvage numerous critical situations through an ability to reason in unplanned, imprecise and uncertain situations; on the other hand, the human operator can be unpredictable and create disturbances in the automated system. The first part of the book is dedicated to the methods of human-centered design, from three different points of view, the various chapters focusing on models developed by human engineers and functional models to explain human behavior in their environment, models of cognitive psychology and models in the domain of automobile driving. Part 2 develops the methods of evaluation of the human−machine systems, looking at the evaluation of the activity of the human operator at work and human error analysis methods. Finally, Part 3 is dedicated to human−machine cooperation, where the authors show that a cooperative agent comprises a know-how and a so-called know-how-to-cooperate and show the way to design and evaluate that cooperation in real industrial contexts.Table of ContentsFOREWORD xi Bernard DUBUISSON INTRODUCTION xv Patrick MILLOT PART 1. DESIGN OF HUMAN–MACHINE SYSTEMS 1 CHAPTER 1. HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN 3 Patrick MILLOT 1.1. Introduction 3 1.2. The task–system–operator triangle 4 1.2.1. Controlling the diversity of the tasks depending on the situation 4 1.2.2. Managing the complexity of the system 9 1.2.3. Managing human complexity 10 1.3. Organization of the human–machine system 21 1.3.1. The ambiguous role of the operator in automated systems 21 1.3.2. Allocating humans with their proper role 23 1.3.3. Sharing tasks and functions between humans and machines 24 1.4. Human-centered design methodology 33 1.5. Conclusion 35 1.6. Bibliography 36 CHAPTER 2. INTEGRATION OF ERGONOMICS IN THE DESIGN OF HUMAN–MACHINE SYSTEMS 43 Christine CHAUVIN and Jean-Michel HOC 2.1. Introduction 43 2.2. Classic and partial approaches of the system 46 2.2.1. Machine-centered approach 46 2.2.2. Activity and human-based approaches 49 2.3. The central notion of performance (Long, Dowell and Timmer) 52 2.4. An integrated approach: cognitive work analysis 59 2.4.1. Domain analysis 60 2.4.2. Task analysis 68 2.4.3. Analysis of information-processing strategies 71 2.4.4. Socio-organizational approach 73 2.4.5. Analysis of competences 76 2.4.6. Some general remarks on the integrated approach 78 2.5. Conclusion 79 2.6. Bibliography 81 CHAPTER 3. THE USE OF ACCIDENTS IN DESIGN: THE CASE OF ROAD ACCIDENTS 87 Gilles MALATERRE, Hélène FONTAINE and Marine MILLOT 3.1. Accidents, correction and prevention 87 3.2. Analysis of accidents specific to the road 89 3.2.1. Road accidents as a statistical unit 89 3.2.2. Accidents as diagnosis tools 91 3.3. Need-driven approach 93 3.3.1. Definition of needs from the analysis of accidents 93 3.3.2. Particular case of urban areas 96 3.4. A priori analyses 98 3.5. What assistance for which needs? 101 3.5.1. Collision with a stationary vehicle 102 3.5.2. The struck vehicle is waiting to turn on an NR or a DR 103 3.5.3. Catching up with a slower vehicle 103 3.5.4. Dense lines: major incident at the front 105 3.5.5. Dense line: violent accident happening just in front 106 3.5.6. Dense line: sudden slowing 106 3.6. Case of cooperative systems 107 3.7. Using results in design 108 3.7.1. Detection of a slower user 110 3.7.2. Detection of several stopped vehicles blocking all the lanes 110 3.7.3. Detection of a stopped vehicle completely or partially obstructing a road 111 3.7.4. Detection of a vehicle preparing to turn left 111 3.7.5. Detection of light two-wheelers circulating on the right-hand side of the road 112 3.7.6. Detection of a disturbance at the front of the line 112 3.7.7. Prevention of wild insertions 113 3.7.8. Prevention of frontal collisions 113 3.8. Conclusion 113 3.9. Bibliography 114 PART 2. EVALUATION MODELS OF HUMAN–MACHINE SYSTEMS 119 CHAPTER 4. MODELS BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR: EXAMPLE OF THE DETECTION OF HYPO-VIGILANCE IN AUTOMOBILE DRIVING 121 Jean-Christophe POPIEUL, Pierre LOSLEVER and Philippe SIMON 4.1. Introduction 121 4.2. The different models used in detection and diagnosis 122 4.2.1. Methods based on knowledge models 122 4.2.2. Classification methods: pattern recognition 125 4.3. The case of human–machine systems 135 4.4. Example of application: automobile driving 138 4.4.1. Automobile driving 138 4.4.2. Difficulties with diagnosing losses in vigilance 141 4.4.3. Approach applied 143 4.5. Conclusion 162 4.6. Bibliography 165 CHAPTER 5. EVALUATION OF HUMAN RELIABILITY IN SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 171 Frédéric VANDERHAEGEN, Peter WIERINGA and Pietro Carlo CACCIABUE 5.1. Introduction 171 5.2. Principles of evaluating human reliability 173 5.2.1. Human reliability versus human error 173 5.2.2. General approach for the analysis of human reliability 174 5.2.3. Synthetic review of methods 176 5.2.4. Discussion 178 5.3. Analysis of dynamic reliability 180 5.3.1. The DYLAM method 180 5.3.2. The HITLINE method 183 5.4. Analysis of altered or added tasks 187 5.4.1. Principles of the ACIH method 187 5.4.2. Acceptability and evaluation of human behaviors 188 5.4.3. Example of application 191 5.5. Perspectives for the design of a safe system 194 5.6. Conclusion 197 5.7. Bibliography 198 PART 3. HUMAN–MACHINE COOPERATION 205 CHAPTER 6. CAUSAL REASONING: A TOOL FOR HUMAN–MACHINE COOPERATION 207 Jacky MONTMAIN 6.1. Introduction 207 6.2. Supervision 208 6.3. Qualitative model 214 6.3.1. The origins 214 6.3.2. Current models 216 6.3.3. The evolution of qualitative reasoning (QR) 217 6.4. Causal graphs and event-based simulation 220 6.4.1. The causal graph 222 6.4.2. Evolution and event 224 6.4.3. Simulation 227 6.5. Hierarchy of behavior models 235 6.5.1. Definition of a graph hierarchy 236 6.5.2. Creation of the hierarchy 237 6.5.3. Online construction of graphs 238 6.6. Fault filtering 242 6.6.1. Causality and digital simulators 242 6.6.2. Generation of residuals and causal structure 247 6.6.3. Interpretation of the errors for the isolation and filtering of faults 248 6.6.4. Advantages for supervision 252 6.7. Discussion and conclusion 256 6.8. Bibliography 261 CHAPTER 7. HUMAN–MACHINE COOPERATION: A FUNCTIONAL APPROACH 273 Jean-Michel HOC 7.1. Introduction 273 7.2. A functional approach to cooperation 275 7.3. Cooperation in actions 278 7.4. Cooperation in planning 280 7.5. Meta-cooperation 281 7.6. Conclusion 282 7.7. Bibliography 283 CHAPTER 8. THE COMMON WORK SPACE FOR THE SUPPORT OF SUPERVISION AND HUMAN–MACHINE COOPERATION 285 Serge DEBERNARD, Bernard RIERA and Thierry POULAIN 8.1. Introduction 285 8.2. Human–machine cooperation 287 8.2.1. Definitions of human–machine cooperation 287 8.2.2. Characterization of cooperation activities 289 8.2.3. Common work space: human–machine cooperation medium 292 8.3. Application in air traffic control 294 8.3.1. Dynamic allocation of tasks 295 8.3.2. Air traffic control 296 8.3.3. First studies: SPECTRA projects 297 8.3.4. The AMANDA project 303 8.4. Application to the process of nuclear combustibles reprocessing 305 8.4.1. Introduction 305 8.4.2. Human supervision tasks 307 8.4.3. Design methodology of supervision systems adapted to humans 310 8.4.4. Improvement of the supervision and diagnosis system 311 8.4.5. Approximate reasoning 313 8.4.6. The use of cognitive principles in the design of supervision tools 317 8.4.7. An example of an advanced supervision system (ASS) 323 8.5. Conclusion 332 8.6. Acronyms 333 8.7. Bibliography 334 CHAPTER 9. HUMAN–MACHINE COOPERATION AND SITUATION AWARENESS 343 Patrick MILLOT and Marie-Pierre PACAUX-LEMOINE 9.1. Introduction 343 9.2. Collective situation awareness 344 9.3. Structural approaches of human–machine cooperation 346 9.3.1. Dynamic allocation of tasks: horizontal cooperation structure 347 9.3.2. Vertical structure for cooperation 348 9.3.3. Multilevel structure for the dynamic allocation of tasks 351 9.4. Human–machine cooperation: a functional approach 353 9.4.1. Cooperative agents, forms of cooperation 353 9.4.2. Organization and cooperation 356 9.4.3. Human factors activating or inhibiting cooperation 358 9.4.4. Multilevel cooperative organization 359 9.4.5. Common work space (CWS) 360 9.5. Common work space for team-SA 367 9.6. Conclusion 369 9.7. Bibliography 370 CONCLUSION 375 Patrick MILLOT LIST OF AUTHORS 379 INDEX 381

Read more less

Book SynopsisErgonomics (ergos - work; nomos - laws) and Human Factors have almost identical characteristics and identities and have both developed in similar ways, within the same period, and for the same reasons. The Ergonomics philosophy is the amalgamation of information from psychology, physiology and engineering to enable the environment to be designed to 'fit' the person. Ergonomics and Human Factors evolved at around the time of World War II, when fighting and defensive machines were being built far beyond the capacities and capabilities of the operators.The selection of papers included in these volumes present a corpus of material to enable the reader to obtain an overview of the subject through the writings of significant authors and reviewers in the field. Four main aspects of the working situation and of the human operator within that situation have been taken into consideration when selecting the articles for these volumes; the physical characteristics of the operator's body when 'fitting' the system, the operator's cognitive abilities when interacting with the system, the social situation in which the system operates, and the environmental features that 'surround' the system.Table of ContentsContents: Volume I Acknowledgements Introduction Part I: Human Factors History and Philosophy 1. P. Branton (1987), ‘In Praise of Ergonomics – A Personal Perspective.’ 2. F.V. Taylor and W.D. Garvey (1959), ‘The Limitations of a “Procrustean” Approach to the Optimization of Man-Machine Systems.’ 3. A. Chapanis (1965), ‘On the Allocation of Functions between Men and Machines.’ PART II: Body Movement and Biomechanics 4. K.H. Eberhard Kroemer (1970), ‘Human Strength: Terminology, Measurement and Interpretation of Data.’ 5. S. Pheasant & D. O’Neill (1975), ‘Performance in Gripping and Turning – A Study in Hand/Handle Effectiveness.’ 6. J. Duncan and D. Ferguson (1974), ‘Keyboard Operating Posture and Symptoms in Operating.’ 7. E. Grandjean, W. Hünting and M. Pidermann (1983), ‘VDT Workstation Design: Preferred Settings and Their Effects.’ 8. M. Wallace and P. Buckle (1987), ‘Ergonomic Aspects of Neck and Upper Limb Disorders.’ PART III: Communication 9. A. Chapanis (1965), ‘Words, Words, Words.’ 10. P. Wright (1977), ‘Presenting Technical Information: A Survey of Research Findings.’ 11. P. Wright (1986), ‘Phenomena, Function and Design: Does Information Make a Difference?’ PART IV: Displays 12. W.F. Grether (1949), “Instrument Reading. I: The Design of Long-Scale Indicators for Speed and Accuracy of Quantitative Readings.’ 13. M.I. Kurke (1956), ‘Evaluation of a Display Incorporating Quantitative and Check-Reading Characteristics.’ 14. S.L. Johnson and S.N. Roscoe (1972), ‘What Moves, the Airplane or the World?’ 15. J.M. Rolfe and M.F. Allnutt (1967), ‘Putting Man in the Picture.’ PART V: CONTROLS 16. A. Frievalds (1987), ‘The Ergonomics of Tools.’ 17. T.G. Moore (1974), ‘Tactile and Kinaesthetic Aspects of Push-Buttons.’ 18. J.V. Bradley (1969), ‘Optimum Knob Diameter.’ 19. J.V. Bradley (1969), ‘Desirable Dimensions for Concentric Controls.’ PART VI: THE WORKSPACE 20. K.H. Eberhard Kroemer (1972), ‘Human Engineering the Keyboard.’ 21. P.M. Fitts and C.M. Seeger (1953), ‘S-R Compatibility: Spatial Characteristics of Stimulus and Response Codes.’ 22. N.E. Loveless (1962), ‘Direction-of-Motion Stereotypes: A Review.’ 23. W.J. White, M.J. Warrick and W.F. Grether (1953), ‘Instrument Reading III: Check Reading of Instrument Groups.’ 24. J.V. Bradley (1969), ‘Optimum Knob Crowding.’ 25. J. Noyes (1983), ‘The QWERTY Keyboard: A Review.’ 26. D.A. Norman and D. Fisher (1982), ‘Why Alphabetic Keyboards are not Easy to Use: Keyboard Layout Doesn’t Much Matter.’ 27. A. Martin (1972), ‘A New Keyboard Layout.’ 28. R. Conrad and A.J. Hull (1968), ‘The Preferred Layout for Numeral Data-Entry Keysets.’ PART VII: POSTURE AND SEATING 29. W.F. Floyd and D.F. Roberts (1959), ‘Anatomical and Physiological Principles in Chair and Table Design.’ 30. P. Branton (1969), ‘Behaviour, Body Mechanics and Discomfort.’ 31. W. Hünting, Th. Läubli and E. Grandjean (1981), ‘Postural and Visual Loads at VDT Workplaces: I. Constrained Postures.’ 32. J. Jay Keegan and A.O. Radke (1964), ‘Designing Vehicle Seats for Greater Comfort.’ 33. M.J. Dainoff (1982), ‘Occupational Stress Factors in Visual Display Terminal (VDT) Operation: A Review of Empirical Research.’ 34. B.J.G. Andersson and R Örtengren, A Nachemson and G. Elfström (1974), ‘Lumbar Disk Pressure and Myoelectric Back Muscle Activity During Sitting. I. Studies on an Experimental Chair.’ 35. B.J.G. Andersson and R Örtengren, ‘Lumbar Disc Pressure and Myoelectric Back Muscle Activity During Sitting. III. Studies on a Wheel-Chair.’ 36. B.J.G. Andersson and R Örtengren, A Nachemson and G. Elfström (1974), “Lumbar Disc Pressure and Myoelectric Back Muscle Activity During Sitting. IV. Studies on a Car Driver’s Seat.’ 37. Å.C. Mandal (1976), ‘Work-Chair with Tilting Seat.’ Name Index CONTENTS: VOLUME II Acknowledgements PART I: NOISE 1. K.D. Kryter and K.S. Pearsons (1963), ‘Some Effects of Spectral Content and Duration on Perceived Noise Level.’ 2. H.C.W. Stockbridge and M. Lee (1973), ‘The Psycho-Social Consequences of Aircraft Noise.’ 3. R. Ross A. Coles, G.R. Garinther, D.C. Hodge and C.G. Rice (1968), ‘Hazardous Exposure to Impulse Noise.’ 4. D.L. Johnson, C.W. Nixon and M.R. Stephenson (1976), ‘Long-Duration Exposure to Intermittent Noises.’ 5. J.C. Nixon and A. Glorig (1961), ‘Noise- Induced Permanent Threshold Shift at 2000 cps and 4000 cps.’ 6. D.E. Broadbent (1954), ‘Some Effects of Noise on Visual Performance.’ 7. E.C. Poulton (1977), ‘Continuous Intense Noise Masks Auditory Feedback and Inner Speech.’ 8. E.C. Poulton (1978), ‘A New Look at the Effects of Noise: A Rejoinder.’ 9. S.S. Stevens (1972), ‘Stability of Human Performance under Intense Noise.’ 10. J.G. Fox (1971), ‘Background Music and Industrial Efficiency – A Review.’ 11. S. Cohen and N. Weinstein (1981), ‘Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Behavior and Health.’ PART II: Vibration 12. J.C. Guignard and A. Irving (1960), ‘Effects of Low Frequency Vibration on Man.’ 13. R.R. Coermann (1962), ‘The Mechanical Impedance of the Human Body in Sitting and Standing Position at Low Frequencies.’ 14. M.J. Griffin and C.H. Lewis (1978), ‘A Review of the Effects of Vibration on Visual Acuity and Continuous Manual Control, Part I: Visual Acuity.’ 15. C.H. Lewis and M.J. Griffin (1978), ‘A Review of the Effects of Vibration on Visual Acuity and Continuous Manual Control, Part II: Continuous Manual Control.’ PART III: Temperature and Ventilation 16. S. Shibolet, M.C. Lancaster and Y. Danon (1976), ‘Heat Stroke: A Review.’ 17. J.F. Wing (1965), ‘Upper Thermal Tolerance Limits for Unimpaired Mental Performance.’ 18. I. Mekjavic and J. Bligh (1987), ‘The Pathophysiology of Hypothermia.’ 19. W.F. Fox (1967), ‘Human Performance in the Cold.’ 20. W.H. Teichener and J.L. Kobrick (1955), ‘Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Low Temperature on Visual-Motor Performance.’ 21. F.C. Houghten and C.P. Yagloglou (1923), ‘Determining Lines of Equal Comfort.’ 22. A.P. Gagge, J.A.J. Stolwijk and Y. Nishi (1971), ‘An Effective Temperature Scale Based on a Simple Model of Human Physiological Regulatory Response.’ PART IV: Illumination 23. M. Gilbert and R.G. Hopkinson (1949), ‘The Illumination of the Snellen Chart.’ 24. M. Luckiesh and L.L. Holladay (1925), ‘Glare and Visibility.’ 25. L.L. Holladay (1926), ‘The Fundamentals of Glare and Visibility.’ 26. R.G. Hopkinson, W.R. Stevens and J.M. Waldram (1941), ‘Brightness and Contrast in Illuminating Engineering.’ 27. H.R. Blackwell (1959), ‘Development and Use of a Quantitative Method for Specification of Interior Illumination Levels on the Basis of Performance Data.’ PART V: The Working Environment 28. M.J. Brookes and A. Kaplan (1972), ‘The Office Environment: Space Planning and Affective Behavior.’ 29. J. Nemecek and E. Grandjean (1973), ‘Noise in Landscaped Offices.’ 30. A. Hedge (1989), ‘Environmental Conditions and Health in Offices.’ Name Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis volume represents the proceedings of the Esrel 2003, European Safety And Reliability Conference held in Netherlands. The conference focused on the application of safety, reliability and risk management assessment techniques occurs across domains.Table of Contents1. Benchmark risk analysis models used in the Netherlands 2. Implementing a three-dimensional stochastic model of the subsurface in current geotechnical design methods 3. Reliability analysis of flood defence systems in the Netherlands 4. Application of response surfaces for reliability analysis of marine structures 5. Investigating effects of volume of mechanical components on structure reliability 6. An application of ARIPAR methodology to manage the risk and the environment impact in the industrial area of Gela 7. Managing a new product development using the reliability and quality matrix 8. Library prototype for reliable distributed system 9. Quantitative flood risk assessment for polders 10. What the management of industrial risk has to say about health care risk management 11. Fuzzy logic: A modelling tool for transient diagnostics 12. Sensitivity analysis in Monte Carlo simulation fo dependability analysis 13. A fuzzy model for the estimate of the accident rate in road transport of hazardous materials 14. An approach to aggregate public opinions and experts’ judgement with application to risk perception of sources of electrical supply 15. On the need of considering the risk dimension in electrical supply capacity planning 16. Exploratory data analysis approaches to reliability: Some new directions 17. Implementation of a reliability database within a medium sized defence and aerospace company 18. Application of quantitative risk assessment in various industrial sectors 19. Improvement of rule sets for quantitative risk assessment in various industrial sectors 20. Multi-Physics Analysis – A Method for the Design of Safe Pressurised Systems to Resist Accidental Fire 22. Using expert-opinions, retro-analyzes and experience feedback to risk-analysis and risk-hierarchization. Application to the Lorraine ferriferous basin (France) 23. A model simulating combustion of solids and its use in fire analysis with the code ECART 24. Economic accidental risk analysis. Experience from real life projects 25. Comparison of techniques for accident scenario analysis in hazardous systems 26. Bayesian computation of design discharges 27. Risk optimization on CAREM-25 NPP 28. Experience with complex technical and organizational changes in the offshore petroleum industry 29. Effect of a concrete wall in the limitation of thermal radiation resulting from large industrial fires 30. Improving the reliability of a SMPS by HALT and ALT 31. Practical reliability assurance through modelling and DRACAS 32. Determination of marginal reliability indices in a distribution network 33. Study of the increases of dose and of the mortality index caused by a fire due to the presence of the paving 34. A model to predict hurricanes induced losses for residential structures 35. A mixed integer optimisation model for preventive maintenance of production plants 36. ARAMIS project: The severity index 37. On the influence of passive states on the availability of mechanical systems 38. Risk to old bridges due to ship impact on German inland waterways 39. Integrated navigation system – safety prediction model for ship retrofit strategy 40. On modelling reliability properties in descriptor form 41. A scheme for industry-academia interaction to enhance research and development issues 42. Optimal redundancy allocation for systems considering common-cause failures 43. Proposal for a neural network approach and ordering heuristic for the fault tree evaluation 44. Application of functional hazard assessment in railway signalling 45. Aviation causal model using Bayesian Belief Nets to quantify management influence 46. Causal modeling for integrated safety at airports 47. Assessing part conformance by coordinate measuring machines 48. Hazardous materials release analysis: Probabilistic input for emergency response organisations 49. On a Bayesian model for failures prediction in underground trains 50. Attuning the task design to “envisioned” high-demand situations 51. Risk analysis of Black Sea underwater passage of Russia-Turkey trunk gas pipeline system 52. The use of probit functions in the quantitative risk assessment of domino accidents caused by overpressure 53. Application of sensitivity analysis for a risk analysis tool for blowouts 54. The new Dutch “Register for risk situations involving hazardous substances” 55. Boiler plant hazard assessment – A new requirement of the Finnish pressure equipment legislation 56. Apportionment of safety integrity levels in complex electronically controlled systems 57. A design methodology for embedded control systems including safety assessment studies 58. Criteria for safety culture assessment in German Nuclear Power Plants 59. Replacement strategies of large numbers of similar components in hydraulic structures 60. System reliability methods using advanced sampling techniques 61. Effect of soil-structure models on stochastic response of jack-up platforms 62. System reliability of jack-up structures based on fatigue degradation 63. Correlation in probabilistic safety assessment uncertainty analysis 64. Experience with the use of risk assessment in IMO 65. Criteria for establishing risk acceptance 66. Risk assessment of passenger vessels 67. Measuring the safety standard of organizations 68. Application of a Bayesian approach to sequential life testing with an underlying Weibull model 69. Establishing steel rail reliability by combining fatigue tests, factorial experiments and data transformations 70. Improved methods of power systems availability indices determination 71. The safety of risk or the risk of safety? 72. Safety assessment of third parties during construction in multiple use of space using Bayesian Networks 73. A logarithmatic approach for individual risk: The safety-index 74. Reduced vertical separation minimum (RVSM): Pre- and post-implementation safety cases 75. Assessment of the environment vulnerability in the surroundings of an industrial site 76. Increasing of the electric safety in HV systems by means of the ground resistance of the body 77. A Safety Program Framework and its application on a Weapon Control System 78. Cognitive analysis in human reliability: The case of a high-risk plant 79. Draft european standard on safety risk assessment for space missions 80. Extended stochastic petri nets in power systems maintenance models 81. An implementation of a life-cycle risk-based design for safety methodology 82. Availability and failure intensity under imperfect repair virtual age model 83. Quantification and uncertainties of common cause failure rates and probabilities 84. Risk assessment for offshore installations in the operational phase 85. Structured approach to risk indicators for major hazards 86. A contribution to vehicle life cycle cost modelling 87. Method for correlation of failure data from durability tests and field of automotive engine parts with spontaneous failure mode 88. Time-dependent reliability analysis of coastal flood defence systems 89. Adding a new perspective to the existing results by baseline NPP PSA model: Parameters uncertainty implementation 90. Impact of river morphology on extreme flood level prediction: A probabilistic approach 91. Efficiency and accuracy of Monte Carlo (importance) sampling 92. Optimizing software system design with recovery blocks considering reliability estimation uncertainty 93. The fireworks disaster in Enschede: Overview, reconstruction, safety and pyrotechnics 94. Consequence modelling of gas explosion scenarios in traffic tunnels 95. Scenario analysis for road tunnels 96. Risk based maintenance of civil structures 97. Modelling a probabilistic safety management system for the Eastern-Scheldt storm-surge barrier, the basin and the surrounding dikes 98. Reliability of vibration predictions in civil engineering applications 99. The development of software tools for chemical process quantitative risk assessment over two decades 100. Introduction of an easy-to-use risk assessment tool for natural gas transmission pipelines 101. Towards a qualitative predictive model of violation in transportation industry 102. Measuring the reliability importance of components in multi-state systems 103. Probabilistic aspects of maritime transport of tunnel elements 104. Foundations of the UPM common cause method

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book brings together concepts from the building, environmental, behavioural and health sciences to provide an interdisciplinary understanding of office and workplace design. Today, with changes in the world of work and the relentless surge in technology, offices have emerged as the repositories of organizational symbolism, denoted by the spatial design of offices, physical settings and the built environment (architecture, urban locale). Drawing on Euclidian geometry that quantifies space as the distance between two or more points, a body of knowledge on office buildings, the concept of office and office space, and the interrelationships of spatial and behavioural attributes in office design are elucidated. Building and office work-related illnesses, namely sick building syndrome and ailments arising from the indoor environment, and the menace of musculoskeletal disorders are the alarming manifestations that critically affect employee satisfaction, morale and work outcomes. With a focus on office ergonomics, the book brings the discussion on the fundamentals of work design, with emphasis on computer workstation users. Strategic guidance of lighting systems and visual performance in workplaces are directed for better application of ergonomics and improvement in office indoor environment. It discusses the profiles of bioclimatic, indoor air quality, ventilation intervention, lighting and acoustic characteristics in office buildings. Emphasis has been given to the energy performance of buildings, and contemporary perspectives of building sustainability, such as green office building assessment schemes, and national and international building-related standards and codes. Intended for students and professionals from ergonomics, architecture, interior design, as well as construction engineers, health care professionals, and office planners, the book brings a unified overview of the health, safety and environment issues associated with the design of office buildings.Table of ContentsConcept of Office and Office Space.- Spatial and Behavioural Attributes in Office Design.- Sick Building Syndrome and Other Building Related Illnesses.- Musculoskeletal Disorders: Office Menace.- Fundamentals of Office Ergonomics.- Ergonomics of Computer Workstation.- Strategic Office Lighting.- Visual Performance in Office.- Bioclimatic Approach: Thermal environment.- Characteristics of Indoor Environmental Quality.- Assessing IEQ Performance in Buildings.- Ventilation in Office Buildings.- Lighting Systems.- Energy Performance in Buildings: Standards and Codes.- Green Building and Assessment Systems.- Building Sustainability: Credit Rating Criteria.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book explores the interplay of farm mechanization, human factors and climatic and other environmental uncertainty in agriculture, using an ergonomics based approach to discuss solutions to the traditionally acknowledged vulnerability of the sector. It converges contemporary research documentation, case studies and international standards on agricultural ergonomics, engineering anthropometry, human factors, basic occupational health services, safety management, human performance and system sustainability to provide a handy reference to students and professionals working to optimize agricultural output while balancing the rational utilization of labour in agricultural practices and human well-being. Table of ContentsPart 1: Agriculture growth and development.- Ch 1- World Agriculture- an introduction.- Ch 2. Manpower utilization- Working methods and practices.- Part 2: Fundamentals of Ergonomics & Human Factors.- Ch 3- Fundamental of ergonomics and human factors.- Ch 4- Energy cost of human labour.- Ch 5- Work planning and schedules.- Ch 6. Engineering anthropometry .- Part 3: Farming methods and practices.- Ch 7- Mechanization: Nature of development.- Ch 8- Small tools and devices.- Ch 9- Manually operated machines.- Ch 10- Heavy machinery.- Part 4: Health and Safety.- Ch 11- Accidents and injuries.- Ch 12- Health hazards.- Ch 13- Pesticide and chemical toxicity.- Ch 14- Basic occupational health services.- Appendices.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is about the application of ergonomics in handicraft manufacturing and design keeping in mind the two sets of users, craftsmen and customers buying handicraft items. Written in an easy to understand language and in a story telling format. It requires no prior knowledge of the subject nor any knowledge of science or technology for using this book and applying it in handicraft manufacturing and design. The book starts with an overview of the application of ergonomics in different aspects of craft manufacturing, touching upon tools, space, process and then moves into the aspects of ergonomics of craft packaging and displaying. Alongside the book also explains the ergonomic aspects of designing of handicraft products keeping the users of the products in mind, their dimensions, capacity, limitations etc. Each chapter starts with an "overview" and ends with "key points" and exercises to help the readers in applying the principles of ergonomics in handicraft. The last chapter is dedicated to exercises in different areas of handicraft and the ergonomic applications for them, followed by ergonomic design directions to solve them.Table of ContentsCraft The Bigger And Smaller Picture.- Traditional Ways Of Working With Hand Tools.- Dimensions and The Craft Workspace.- The Context of Craft Ergonomics.- Application of Ergonomics In Different Craft Products.- Exercises in Craft Ergonomics With Ergonomic Design Directions.

Read more less