Epidemiology and Medical statistics Books

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Book SynopsisWorld Clinics - Dermatology: Psoriasis, Volume 2, Number 1 is the latest issue in the World Clinics – Dermatology series. The book provides information on therapeutic options for psoriasis. Divided into fourteen chapters, this book begins with epidemiology and discussion on the biology and pathology of psoriasis. Subsequent chapters cover topics including psoriasis in children, quality of life for psoriasis sufferers, nail and hair in psoriasis, and a review of current treatment options. Important treatment options such as phototherapy, topical therapy, and rotational and combination therapy have been covered in separate chapters. Biological therapies are also included, offering insight into future therapeutic options for psoriasis. With full colour images and illustrations throughout, and extensive information on current treatment, this volume of World Clinics – Dermatology: Psoriasis is an essential update for dermatologists. Key Points Discussion on current developments in the treatment of psoriasis Latest issue in the World Clinics – Dermatology series Series also includes volumes on Acne Colour images and illustrations throughout Table of Contents Editorial Abbreviations Psoriasis: Epidemiology Basic Biology and Pathology of Psoriasis Psoriasis in Children: An Indian Perspective Psoriasis at the Origin of the Patient-based Medicine Psoriasis and Metabolic Syndrome: An Indian Perspective Quality of Life Index in Psoriasis: Indian Perspective Nails and Hair Involvement in Psoriasis Biologics in Psoriasis Phototherapy for Psoriasis Topical Therapy for Psoriasis: A Review of Current Treatment Options Rotational and Combination Therapy in Psoriasis

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a basic understanding on research and biostatistics with special focus on their application for both the student and faculty community. It also provides authentic information in simple language and follows a lucid style. It contains illustrated research examples, tables, figures, flowcharts and schematic diagrams, making it reader friendly. Provides research studies to stimulate critical thinking and innovative ideas. Includes unit-wise long essays, short essays and multiple choice questions (MCQs) compiled from various previous examinations. Sets the platform for executing future research projects. Serve as a good companion and a one-stop shop for both undergraduate and postgraduate nursing students who are looking to some genuine reference material. Table of ContentsPART A—NURSING RESEARCH Unit 1. Introduction to Nursing Research Unit 2. Research Process Unit 3. Research Problem and Hypothesis Unit 4. Review of Literature Unit 5. Theory and Conceptual Framework in Nursing Research Unit 6. Research Approaches and Designs Unit 7. Sample and Sampling Techniques Unit 8. Tools and Methods of Data Collection Unit 9. Plan for Data Analysis and Interpretation Unit 10. Dissemination (Communication) and Utilization of Research Findings PART B—BIOSTATISTICS Unit 11. Introduction to Biostatistics Unit 12. Measures of Central Tendency Unit 13. Measures of Variability Unit 14. Normal Probability Distribution Unit 15. Measures of Relationship Unit 16. Inferential Statistics and Hypothesis Testing Unit 17. Application of Statistics in Health and Use of Computers for Data Analysis Glossary Appendices Index

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Book SynopsisThis issue of World Clinics: Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine focuses on respiratory critical care, presenting an up-to-date collection of articles on the latest developments in the field, authored by internationally renowned experts. The book begins with an introduction to respiratory critical care and assisted ventilation. The following chapters discuss different disorders including acute COPD and asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary thromboembolism, and chronic respiratory failure. The final sections cover critical care in poisoning cases, nutritional management in the ICU, interpretation of arterial blood gases and acid-base abnormalities, and ICU infections and antibiotics. Each article concludes with comments by the editor highlighting their own experience and summarising the chapter. The book is enhanced by images, table and figures. Key Points Evidence-based review of respiratory critical care topics providing an overview of the latest advances in the field Part of the World Clinics: Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine series Each article concludes with comments by the editor Comprehensive text enhanced by images, tables and figures Table of Contents Editorial Abbreviations Evolution and the Core of Critical Care Assisted Ventilation Weaning from Assisted Ventilation Management of Acute Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Pulmonary Thromboembolism Critical Care in Case of Poisoning Chronic Respiratory Failure Nutritional Management in the Intensive Care Unit Interpretation of Arterial Blood Gases and Acid-base Abnormalities Intensive Care Unit Infections and Antibiotics

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Book SynopsisBiostatistics is the branch of statistics that deals with data relating to living organisms. This manual is a comprehensive guide to biostatistics for medical students. Beginning with an overview of bioethics in clinical research, an introduction to statistics, and discussion on research methodology, the following sections cover different statistical tests, data interpretation, probability, and other statistical concepts such as demographics and life tables. The final section explains report writing and applying for research grants and a chapter on ‘measurement and error analysis’ focuses on research papers and clinical trials. Key Points Comprehensive guide to biostatistics for medical students Covers research methodology, statistical tests, data interpretation, probability and more Includes other statistical concepts such as demographics and life tables Explains report writing and grant application in depth Table of ContentsZero Point: Approach Road to Learning Section 1: Bioethics, Evidence-based Medicine Bioethics in Clinical Research Evidence-based Medicine and Levels of Evidence Introduction to Statistics Section 2: Research Methodology and ‘Back to School’ Research Methodology Inside Research Methodology: The Nuts and Bolts Back to School Section 3: Describing the Data Frequency Distribution Measures of Central Tendency Measures of Dispersion (or Variation) Skewness, Moments and Kurtosis Section 4: Probability, Probability Distribution and Sampling Theory of Probability Theoretical Discrete Probability Distributions Theoretical Continuous Probability Distributions Sampling Theory Section 5: Correlation, Regression, Partial and Multiple Correlation and Regression, Theory of Attributes Correlation Regression Analysis Partial and Multiple Correlation and Regression Theory of Attributes Section 6: Statistical Testing Hypothesis Testing Tests of Significance (Z and Student’s ‘T’-Test) F -Test and Analysis of Variance and Covariance C hi-square Test Non-Parametric Tests Which Statistical Test to Use? Special Considerations about Inferential Issues in Biostatistics Measurement and Error Analysis Section 7: Other Statistical Concepts Frequently Used in Research Vital (Demographic) Statistics and Life Tables Time Series Analysis Section 8: Statistical Concepts for Medical Administration Index Numbers Decision Theory Section 9: Report Writing and Applying for Grants Research Report Writing: How to do? Applying for Grants Appendix

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Book SynopsisCOVID-19 is a tragic love story gone wrong, highlighting our coexistence with viruses and questioning if we have disrupted nature. "A Crown of Thorns" by Kalpish Ratna offers insights on the pandemic, explaining SARS-CoV-2 through vignettes and tutorials, serving as a valuable resource for understanding the virus.

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Book SynopsisThe current pandemic has caused a cataclysmic disruption in the ‘daily routine’ across the nations and sectors. The damage this crisis has brought to lives and economies is unimaginable. This pandemic is a wake-up call to bring about systematic and structural changes to deal with such unanticipated menaces that can bring the world to a sudden halt. This book attempts to contextualise and examine the nature of the ongoing pandemic. The experts who have contributed to the book analyse key geopolitical and technological aspects of the COVID-19 crisis. Besides, the book presents views from a few important States concerning their role in combating the ongoing crisis. The book also explores the issues of biosecurity and bioethics.

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Book SynopsisThis book is suitable to be used as a textbook for all levels of students in medical school. It is also useful as a reference book for students interested in the application of biostatistics in medicine. Materials from the Introduction to Chapter 6 are similar to those of an elementary statistical textbook.This book is more modern than the current textbook in medical statistics. In this book, biostatistics and epidemiologic concepts are nicely blended. In contrast to the fallacy of the p-value, it introduces the Bayes factor as a measure of the evidence hidden in the sample data. It illustrates the application of the regression to the mean in medicine. Many epidemiologic concepts such as sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test, classification and discrimination, types of bias, etc. are discussed in the book.Chapter 7 on 'Correlation and Regression' includes the concept of regression to the mean, generalized linear (Poisson and Logistic) regression models, and discrimination of new data to belong to which sample data sets. Chapter 8 covers the nonparametric inference, including Kolmogorov and Smirnov test. Via the estimation and hypothesis testing, sample sizes are determined in Chapter 9. Chapter 10 discusses the study of design for collecting sample data, including cohort, cross-sectional, case-control, and clinical trial. In addition, types of bias are expounded as a last section in Chapter 10.Chapter 11 covers in detail the inference on contingency tables, including 2 x 2, two-way, and three-way. Five tests (Pearson, log-odds-ratio, Fisher-Irwin, McNemar, and Ejigou-McHugh) are listed in Section 11.1. Six tests (Pearson, First-order interaction, Yate's linear trend, Stuart's marginal homogeneity, Kendall, and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney) are described in Section 11.2. Three tests (Pearson, log-odds-ratio on first-order interaction, Barlett's on second-order interaction) and Simpson's paradox are covered in Section 11.3.Chapter 12 covers analysis of survival data. Two methods (life-table and Kaplan-Meier) are introduced for estimating the survivor function in Section 12.2. Four methods (maximum likelihood, Armitage's preference, Wald's sequential sign, and Armitage's restricted sequential) for comparing two survival curves are covered in Section 12.3. Proportional hazard model and the log-rank test are discussed, respectively, in Section 12.4 and 12.5.In addition, advanced techniques in comparing two survival curves are included in the book such as Armitage's preference method, Armitage's restricted sequential test and Wald's sequential sign test. Also, inference on contingency tables are treated in more detail than other books.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the health reform experiences over the past three decades of twelve small and medium-sized nations that are not often included in international comparative studies in this field. The major conclusion of the study is that despite many similarities in policy goals, policy challenges and in the menu of policy options for countries that seek to offer universal coverage to their population, the health reforms of the nations in this book did not converge into one direction or model. However, we found several widespread policy experiences that are relevant for others, too.For example, user fees are unpopular everywhere. Governments often try to soften the consequences by exempting large groups of users, thus largely defeating the very purpose of those fees.As a second example, the introduction of new payment modes for medical care — like the shift from fee for service to case-based payment — took much longer than originally expected everywhere, and also failed to deliver their promises of improved transparency or efficiency gains A third example is that proposals are for universal coverage often ignore the challenges of implementing new financing models that elsewhere took decades if not centuries to develop.The conclusions contain both empirical findings and theoretical conclusions of interest to policy-makers and scholars of international comparison. It is accessible for academics, healthcare managers and students as well as a wider audience of readers interested in the changes in healthcare across the world.

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Book SynopsisWritten by an international group of experts and endorsed by leading scientists, this multi-author book answers two of today's most pressing questions: the origin of the virus and the consequences of lockdown. Aimed at the general reader as well as at researchers and medical doctors, its span includes previously suppressed data on the origin of the virus, the development of novel mRNA vaccines, the case for a Swedish type of mild lockdown, and analyses of social and political issues thrown up by the pandemic. Evaluating a Pandemic is an incisive account of how civilisation grappled with the greatest world crisis since WWII. Join Charles Pasternak and his authors as they sketch a future of health, equity, and hope.

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Book SynopsisThis book explores various issues and challenges emanating from the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines how governments worldwide have dealt with the pandemic. Post-COVID-19 and its disruptive impact on social and economic life as well as public and political attitudes, the world is not the same. A new normal has dawned in public management and public services, with immense implications. This volume collects the lessons drawn from the pandemic, notably how crisis leadership and public governance were used to combat the crisis, as well as which aspects were helpful in that regard. This book covers a total of 17 countries and regions, namely: Japan, South Korea, Singapore, China (Mainland), Hong Kong, Taiwan, Australia, New Zealand, Italy, The Netherlands, the Nordic Countries (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland), the UK and US. Special attention is drawn to China (Mainland) in particular, where the pandemic first broke out. Its subsequent efforts in suppressing the epidemic have been quite stunning. The range enables good international comparisons to be made in crisis leadership, response strategies and effectiveness across continents, systems, and cultures (East Asia, Oceania, Europe and North America). While the pandemic is still ongoing by the time the book is finalized, the experience gained over more than two years has provided good ground for lesson drawing.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses numerical methods for solving partial differential and integral equations, as well as ordinary differential and integral equations, involving fractional differential and integral operators. Differential and integral operators presented in the book include those with exponential decay law, known as Caputo–Fabrizio differential and integral operators, those with power law, known as Riemann–Liouville fractional operators, and those for the generalized Mittag–Leffler function, known as the Atangana–Baleanu fractional operators. The book reviews existing numerical schemes associated with fractional operators including those with power law, while also highlighting new trends in numerical schemes for recently introduced differential and integral operators. In addition, the initial chapters address useful properties of each differential and integral fractional operator. Methods discussed in the book are subsequently used to solved problems arising in many fields of science, technology, and engineering, including epidemiology, chaos, solitons, fractals, diffusion, groundwater, and fluid mechanics. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for graduate students of mathematics and engineering, and researchers in virtually all fields of science, technology, and engineering, as well as an excellent addition to libraries.Table of Contents1. Review of Fractional Differentiation.- 2. Finite Difference Approximations.- 3. Numerical Approximation of Riemann-Liouville Differentiation.- 4. Numerical Approximation of Caputo Differentiation.- 5. Numerical Approximation of Caputo-Fabrizio Differentiation.- 6. Numerical Approximation of Atangana-Baleanu Differentiation.- 7. Application to Ordinary Fractional Differential Equations.- 8. Application to Partial Fractional Differential Equation.

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Book SynopsisWith contributions from an international team of leading researchers, the book pulls together updated research results in the area of HIV/AIDS modeling to provide readers with the latest information in the field. Topics covered include: AIDS epidemic models; vaccine models; models for HIV/cell dynamics and interactions; cellular kinetics; viral dynamics with antiviral treatments; modeling of drug resistance and quasispecies.Extensive deterministic models, statistical models, stochastic models and state space models on treating AIDS patients with anti-retroviral drugs are provided, as well as an in-depth discussion of these models. The book also contains updated reviews on mathematical models for assessing effects of AIDS vaccines, statistical methods for analyzing clinical trial data on AIDS vaccines, and overviews of models and statistical methods for assessing drug resistance of HIV to anti-retroviral drugs. Some important statistical methods specific to the intervention and prevention of HIV epidemic are also discussed.This will be a useful reference source for graduate students and researchers in biomathematics and biostatistics, as well as for HIV/AIDS epidemiologists and clinical investigators learning quantitative methods to study AIDS epidemics and HIV infection.Table of ContentsAIDS Epidemic Models; Vaccine Models; Models for HIV/Cell Dynamics and Interactions; Cellular Kinetics; Viral Dynamics with Antiviral Treatments; Modeling Drug Resistance and Quasispecies; Modeling HIV Genetics.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook consists of three parts: basic concepts of statistics, advanced statistical methods, and design and analysis for medical research. Each chapter begins with challenging medical problems and related statistical methods and theories; to make the statistical ideas more easily understood, there is a section of “computer experiments” in each chapter where some basic statistical phenomena and related concepts are revealed. The statistical software SAS is used to carry out related statistical calculations.The aim of this book is to make medical students and researchers grasp easily the most useful tools of statistics for their medical research. It is done through various applications to a great number of medical problems, interesting demonstration of well-designed computer experiments and detailed explanation of statistical thinking.Trade Review"It gives basic guidance on a much broader range of statistical topics than is usually seen in books aimed at non-statisticians ... The 'Thinking' sections at the end of the chapters, with their solutions, also provide additional good material." Pharmaceutical StatisticsTable of ContentsBasic Concepts of Statistics: Descriptive Statistics; Hypotheses Testing for Data of Continuous Variables; Linear Correlation; Analysis of Variance; Advanced Statistical Methods: Multiple Regression and Correlation; Discriminant Analysis; Factor Analysis; Survival Analysis; Design and Analysis for Medical Research: Analysis of Data from Repeated Measures Design; Design and Analysis for Sequential Trials; Statistical Analysis of Genetic Data; Meta Analysis of Literature Results; and other papers.

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Book SynopsisInitially stimulated by a scholarly workshop convened in Singapore in late 2004, and written over the subsequent 18 months, this volume considers the potentially lethal pattern of infectious disease emergence in Asia. It studies linkages to changes in patterns of human activity, including but not limited to shifts in the distribution and concentration of human settlements and the patterns of movement within and between them. It explores the causes and consequences of infectious agents in the region historically and examines such newly emergent natural biological threats as SARS and avian influenza.Drawing on a range of disciplinary perspectives, the book contains analyses rooted in the social, physical and biological sciences as well as works which span these fields. Among the issues considered are the ways in which changes in our natural and built environment, social and economic pressures, shifting policies and patterns of collaboration in responding to disease impact upon our approach to and success in containing serious threats.Infection control has moved beyond the province of clinical experts, epidemiologists and microbiologists, into the mathematics of epidemic prevention and control, as well as the overall physical and human ecology and historical contexts of emerging infections. Not only does such a broad approach enable appreciation of complex forces driving growing epidemic risks in Asia today, it also reveals the importance and relevance of population dynamics, as well as the global urgency of alleviating unsatisfactory health conditions in Asia. The topic and the broad approach has international appeal beyond the region as many of these forces operate throughout the world.Trade Review"This book is a valuable contribution to understanding the demographic history of an important but less emphasized region of Southeast Asia. The rich use of many sources makes this a valuable book that will be useful to people interested in the region and on its archival material, much of which is only in Dutch."Southeast Asian StudiesTable of ContentsFrameworks for Understanding Population Dynamics and Infectious Diseases in Asia; Development and Infectious Diseases in Asia; Population Mobility and Infectious Diseases in Asia; Comparative Perspectives on SARS in Asia; Drawing Lessons from the Past to Respond to Future Challenges.

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Book SynopsisThis timely book covers the basic concepts of the dynamics of epidemic disease, presenting various kinds of models as well as typical research methods and results. It introduces the latest results in the current literature, especially those obtained by highly rated Chinese scholars. A lot of attention is paid to the qualitative analysis of models, the sheer variety of models, and the frontiers of mathematical epidemiology. The process and key steps in epidemiological modeling and prediction are highlighted, using transmission models of HIV/AIDS, SARS, and tuberculosis as application examples.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Epidemic Models of Ordinary Differential Equations; Epidemic Models as Delay Differential Equations; Epidemic Models as Pulse Differential Equations; Structured Models; Applications: SARS Models, HIV Models and TB Models; An Exhibition of Developing Directions.

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Book SynopsisThis unique volume focuses on the 'tools' of medical statistics. It contains over 500 concepts or methods, all of which are explained very clearly and in detail.Each chapter focuses on a specific field and its applications. There are about 20 items in each chapter with each item independent of one another and explained within one page (plus references). The structure of the book makes it extremely handy for solving targeted problems in this area.As the goal of the book is to encourage students to learn more combinatorics, every effort has been made to provide them with a not only useful, but also enjoyable and engaging reading.This handbook plays the role of 'tutor' or 'advisor' for teaching and further learning. It can also be a useful source for 'MOOC-style teaching'.

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Book SynopsisThe 2009 influenza pandemic, like all emerging infections, had unique characteristics and challenges. This book examines the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and outcome of the 2009 pandemic as compared to seasonal influenza and previous pandemics in both developed and developing countries. Consideration is given to the effectiveness of pre-pandemic planning in mitigating the severity of the disease and what can be done differently to lessen the impact of the next pandemic. As such, the book is designed to provide insight about what can be done going forward to further impact the morbidity and mortality due to both seasonal and pandemic influenza and many of these lessons can be applied to other emerging infections.There are many lessons to be learned from the 2009 pandemic. This book not only describes what happened in the 2009 pandemic, but also what can be done to better prepare for the next pandemic. Issues discussed include what components of the pandemic planning were effective and which were not. Additionally, the book describes research studies and policy changes that: 1) are needed to better predict the occurrence and severity of a pandemic; 2) improve prevention and treatment modalities; and 3) enable better communication with the public about actions they can take to protect themselves, families and communities.Table of ContentsBackground Information on Seasonal Influenza and Previous Pandemics; Pandemic Planning that Occurred Prior to the 2009 Pandemic; Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Pandemic Plan; The Beginning of the 2009 Pandemic; The Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations and Outcomes of the First and Second Wave of the 2009 Pandemic; Research and Policy Changes Needed to More Effectively Mitigate the Impact of the Next Pandemic.

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Book SynopsisThis unique volume provides self-contained accounts of some recent trends in Biostatistics methodology and their applications. It includes state-of-the-art reviews and original contributions.The articles included in this volume are based on a careful selection of peer-reviewed papers, authored by eminent experts in the field, representing a well balanced mix of researchers from the academia, R&D sectors of government and the pharmaceutical industry.The book is also intended to give advanced graduate students and new researchers a scholarly overview of several research frontiers in biostatistics, which they can use to further advance the field through development of new techniques and results.Table of ContentsA New Adaptive Method to Control the False Discovery Rate; Adaptive Multiple Testing Procedures Under Positive Dependence; A False Discovery Rate Procedure for Categorical Data; A Distribution for P-Values; Conditional Nelson-Aalen and Kaplan-Meier Estimators with the Muller-Wang Boundary Kernel; The Inverse Censoring Weighted Approach for Estimation of Survival Functions from Left and Right Censored Data; Modeling Survival Data Using the Piecewise Exponential Model with Random Time Grid; Analysis of Recurrent Time-to-Event Data Under Dependent Censoring; Efficient Algorithms in Bayesian Binary Regression with Skew-Probit Link; M-Estimation Methods in Heteroscedastic Nonlinear Regression Model; Regression Analysis in Failure Time Mixture Models with Change Points According to Thresholds in a Covariate; Competing Risks Data: Design and Analysis; Comparative Genomic Analysis Using Information Theory; Statistical Modeling for Positron Emission Tomography; Subset Selection in Comparative Selection Trials; Using Latent Class Analysis in Medical Diagnosis.

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Book SynopsisEmerging diseases are a major threat to modern societies, impacting individual welfare as well as economic development. The trend of newly emerging diseases has accelerated in the last two decades to such an extent that a new emerging infection is described at least once a year.The majority of such threats to modern society have been due to emergent viruses. This series of lecture notes provides grounding in understanding the drivers of disease emergence, the molecular processes which allow for virus diversity, the response of the host and environmental factors responsible for changing the balance between host and pathogen. Groups of viruses are described, each selected to illustrate certain features of disease emergence. These examples best illustrate how from past experience we may best be able to predict future outbreaks of novel diseases.Expecting the unexpected is a major challenge for health care personnel and public health officials alike, and the stakes have never been higher. As such, this book provides a timely overview of how best to prepare for disease emergence as it intends to increase awareness of how vulnerable modern society is in preparedness for such events.Table of ContentsOverview; Drivers of Virus Emergence; Molecular Basis of Virus Emergence; Influenza Viruses; SARS and Other Coronaviruses; Henipaviruses; Rabies and Other Lyssaviruses; Filoviruses; Arenaviruses; Bunyaviruses; Chikungunya Virus; Flaviviruses; Hepatitis E Virus; Future Challenges.

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