Environmental management Books

Book SynopsisConceptual Framework.- A Framework for Understanding Change.- Managing Ecosystems Sustainably: The Key Role of Resilience.- Livelihoods and Human Well-Being during Social-Ecological Change.- Adaptive Co-management in Social-Ecological Governance.- Transformations in Ecosystem Stewardship.- Stewarding Ecosystems for Society.- Conservation, Community, and Livelihoods: Sustaining, Renewing, and Adapting Cultural Connections to the Land.- Forest Systems: Living with Long-Term Change.- Drylands: Coping with Uncertainty, Thresholds, and Changes in State.- Freshwaters: Managing Across Scales in Space and Time.- Oceans and Estuaries: Managing the Commons.- Coastal Marine Systems: Conserving Fish and Sustaining Community Livelihoods with Co-management.- Managing Food Production Systems for Resilience.- Managing Densely Settled Social-Ecological Systems.- The Earth System: Sustaining Planetary Life-Support Systems.- Integration and Synthesis.- Resilience-Based Stewardship: Strategies for NavigatTrade ReviewFrom the reviews: “Throughout the work, chapter contributors link recent advances in the theory of resilience, sustainability, and vulnerability with practical issues related to the management of social-ecological systems. … This book introduces an intriguing new approach to the philosophy of resource management emphasizing proactive policies that shape change for sustainability, in contrast to current reactions to observed changes. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduate through professional collections.” (R. L. Smith, Choice, Vol. 47 (3), November, 2009)Table of Contents1. A Framework for Understanding Change 2. MAnaging Ecosystems Sustainably 3.Human vulnerability, adaptation, and resilience 4. Dynamics of integrated social-ecological systems 5. Conservation and livelihoods: Sustaining and restoring the cultural connections to land 7. Landscape stewardship: Discovering the missing connections to sustain vulnerable systems. 8. Forest systems: Living with long-term change. 9.Drylands: Coping with uncertainty, thresholds, and changes in state 10. Lakes and rivers: Managing connections across temporal and spatial scales 11. Oceans and estuaries: Managing the commons 12. Food production systems: integrating technology sustainably 13. Urban and suburban landscapes: Manging the built environment 14. Planet Earth: Sustaining the life support systems of the planet 15. Strategies for managing uncertainty and change 16. Summary and Synthesis

Read more less

Book SynopsisCh. 1. Earthworm Morphology.- Ch. 2. Earthworm Physiology.- Ch. 3. Earthworm Diversity, Dispersal, and Geographical Distribution.- Ch. 4. Earthworm Life Histories and Biology.- Ch. 5. Earthworm Ecology: Populations.- Ch. 6. Earthworm Ecology: Communities.- Ch. 7. The Influence of Environmental Factors on Earthworms.- Ch. 8. The Role of Earthworms in Organic Material and Nutrient Cycles.- Ch. 9.- Interactions Between Earthworms, Microorganisms, and Other Invertebrates.- Ch. 10. Role of Earthworms in Soil Structure, Fertility and Productivity.- Ch.11. Adverse and Beneficial Aspects of Earthworms.- Ch. 12. Earthworms in Environmental Management.- Ch.13. Earthworms in Organic Waste Management.- Ch.14. Effects of Agricultural Practices and Chemicals on Earthworms.  Table of Contents CH. 1. Earthworm Morphology.- CH. 2. Earthworm Physiology.- CH. 3. Earthworm Diversity, Dispersal, and Geographical Distribution.- CH. 4. Earthworm Life Histories and Biology.-CH. 5. Earthworm Ecology: Populations.-CH. 6. Earthworm Ecology: Communities.- CH. 7. The Influence of Environmental Factors on Earthworms.- CH. 8. The Role of Earthworms in Organic Material and Nutrient Cycles.- CH. 9.- Interactions Between Earthworms, Microorganisms, and Other Invertebrates.- CH. 10. Role of Earthworms in Soil Structure, Fertility and Productivity.- CH.11. Adverse and Beneficial Aspects of Earthworms.- CH. 12. Earthworms in Environmental Management.- CH.13. Earthworms in Organic Waste Management.- CH.14. Effects of Agricultural Practices and Chemicals on Earthworms.

Read more less

Book Synopsis"A River Lost is superbly reported and written with clarity, insight, and great skill."—Washington Post Book WorldTrade Review"Harden's bold and well-supported commentary is a welcome addition to the literature of the majestic river."

Read more less

Book Synopsis"Superbly reported and written with clarity, insight, and great skill." —Washington Post Book WorldTrade Review"A hard-nosed, clear-eyed, tough-minded dispatch on the sort of contentious subject that is almost always distorted by ideology or obscured by a fog of sentiment . . . . A precise and brave book." -- Hal Espen - New York Times Book Review

Read more less

Book SynopsisWith food supplies tightening, countries are competing for the land and water resources needed to feed their people.Trade Review"One of the world’s most influential thinkers." -- Washington Post"Lester Brown is one of the pioneers and heroes of global environmentalism." -- E. O. Wilson

Read more less

Book SynopsisWe don’t often recognize the humble activity of cooking for the revolutionary cultural adaptation that it is. But when the hearth fires started burning in the Paleolithic, humankind broadened the exploitation of food and took one of several great leaps forward.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMaterial Concerns offers new perspectives on key environmental issues - pollution prevention, ecological economics, limits to sustainability, consumer behaviour and government policy. The first non-technical introduction to preventative environmental management, Material Concerns offers realistic prospects for improving the quality of life.Trade Review'The clarity with which Jackson develops his arguments is exceptional, making this book an ideal introduction for students new to environmental studies' - Environmental PoliticsTable of ContentsChapter 1 Living in a Material World; Chapter 2 Material Transitions; Chapter 3 Farewell to Love Canal; Chapter 4 A Stitch in Time; Chapter 5 Easy Virtues; Chapter 6 Persistent Vices; Chapter 7 Back to the Future; Chapter 8 Negotiating Change; Chapter 9 Growth in Crisis; Chapter 10 Beyond Material Concerns;

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe landscape industry is in the midst of major changes as the demand for environmentally responsible landscapes increases. This book offers a practical framework for the development of sustainable management strategies.Trade Review"The authors come out of the gates swinging with this book. In the preface, they indicate that the book was "organized to provide context for sustainability and the impact it has on landscape design, installation, and management practices", and they hit a home run with this book. They also prove they can "walk the talk" by printing the book on 100% Postconsumer paper. Kudos!!" (The Designer, Spring 2012)Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgments xi About the Authors xiii Chapter 1 Introduction to Sustainability 1 Introduction 1 Historical Perspective 1 Emergence of the Sustainability Movement 2 Sustainable Landscapes 9 Summary 13 Study Questions 14 Suggested Reading 14 Chapter 2 Sustainable Landscape Design 15 Introduction 15 The Process of Sustainable Landscape Design 15 Selecting Plants to Increase Sustainability 19 Creating Aesthetically Pleasing Landscapes 20 Creating Functional Landscapes 21 Creating Landscapes That Meet Basic Human Physical and Cognitive Needs 25 Designing to Minimize Maintenance 28 Designing to Enhance a Landscape’s Short- and Long-Term Cost Effectiveness 31 Integrating Specialized Design Approaches to Maximize Short- and Long-Term Sustainability 33 Summary 37 Study Questions 38 Suggested Reading 38 Chapter 3 Sustainable Landscape Construction: Process, Irrigation Systems, and Hardscape Materials 39 Introduction 39 The Conventional Landscape Construction Process 39 A Sustainable Landscape Construction Process Alternative 44 Sustainable Irrigation Design and Installation Strategies 49 Sustainable Hardscape Materials 53 Summary 59 Study Questions 60 Suggested Reading 60 Chapter 4 Retrofitting Existing Landscapes for Sustainability 61 Introduction 61 Site Analysis for Retrofitting 61 Identifying Opportunities to Improve Landscape Sustainability 72 Summary 79 Study Questions 79 Chapter 5 Ecosystem Development and Management in the Context of Sustainable Landscapes 81 Introduction 81 Sustainable Landscapes and Ecosystem Services 82 Historical Review of Ecological Design 82 How Landscapes Function as Ecosystems 84 Considerations in Designing a New Landscape Ecosystem 85 Establishment Strategies for a New Landscape Ecosystem 88 Management Strategies for a Landscape Ecosystem 90 Summary 99 Study Questions 99 Chapter 6 Environmental Issues 101 Introduction 101 Nutrient Leaching and Runoff 102 Pesticide Leaching and Runoff 105 Health Concerns Associated with Pesticides 106 Fish and Wildlife Issues Associated with Pesticides 108 Air Pollution Due to Power Equipment Emissions 109 Depletion of Water Resources 110 Sustainability and Environmental Rhetoric 110 Perspectives on Environmental Issues Regarding Pesticide Use 113 Summary 116 Study Questions 116 Chapter 7 Sustainable Soils for Landscapes 119 Introduction 119 Healthy Soils 119 Sustainable Options in Developing Soils for Landscapes 123 Managing Soils Sustainably 127 Summary 130 Study Questions 130 Chapter 8 Managing Trees, Shrubs, and Beds Sustainably 133 Introduction 133 Planting 133 Fertilization 140 Irrigation 144 Pruning 147 Managing the Waste Stream 157 Summary 157 Study Questions 158 Chapter 9 Lawns in Sustainable Landscapes 161 Introduction 161 Matching Grass Types to Climate in Theory and Practice 162 Impact of Grass Breeding Programs 163 Species for Sustainable Lawns 165 Sustainable Maintenance Strategies 176 Summary 190 Study Questions 190 Chapter 10 Sustainable Pest Management 193 Introduction 193 Definition of Integrated Pest Management 193 Components of Integrated Pest Management 194 Insect Control Strategies 197 Disease Control Strategies 202 Weed Control Strategies 203 Summary 213 Study Questions 213 Suggested Reading 214 References 215 Index 223

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is intended for use by natural resource managers and scientists, and students in the fields of natural resource management, ecology, and conservation biology, who are confronted with complex and difficult decision making problems. The book takes readers through the process of developing a structured approach to decision making, by firstly deconstructing decisions into component parts, which are each fully analyzed and then reassembled to form a working decision model. The book integrates common-sense ideas about problem definitions, such as the need for decisions to be driven by explicit objectives, with sophisticated approaches for modeling decision influence and incorporating feedback from monitoring programs into decision making via adaptive management. Numerous worked examples are provided for illustration, along with detailed case studies illustrating the authors' experience in applying structured approaches. There is also a series of detailed technical appendices. AnTrade Review“An easily readable and coherent account, this book has a definite role on the shelf (and its outline content in the minds) of conservation decision-makers and advisors.” (African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 1 October 2015) “This is one of the best resources on structured decision-making I have found – specifically tailored for those working in or studying in the fields of ecology, NRM, land management and conservation biology.” (Ecological Management & Restoration, 20 January 2015) “I highly recommend this book to resource managers, scientists, students, and anyone who faces difficult, complex, or uncertain decisions that would benefit from adopting a structured approach to decision making.” (The Journal of Wildlife Management, 8 November 2013) “I highly recommend the very results oriented and working model based book Decision Making in Natural Resource Management: A Structured, Adaptive Approach by Michael J. Conroy and James T. Peterson, to any natural resource managers, scientists, government policy makers, business leaders, conservation groups, and students of natural resource management, ecology, and conservation biology who are seeking a complete guide to structured and effective decision making in the area of natural resource management. This book will guide leaders toward better decisions, through a more integrated examination of the real problems to find viable and effective solutions.” (Blog Business World, 5 April 2013) Table of ContentsList of boxes xi Preface xiii Acknowledgements xiv Guide to using this book xv Companion website xvii PART I. INTRODUCTION TO DECISION MAKING 1 1 Introduction: Why a Structured Approach in Natural Resources? 3 The role of decision making in natural resource management 4 Common mistakes in framing decisions 5 What is structured decision making (SDM)? 6 Why should we use a structured approach to decision making? 7 Limitations of the structured approach to decision making 8 Adaptive resource management 9 Summary 10 References 10 2 Elements of Structured Decision Making 13 First steps: defining the decision problem 13 General procedures for structured decision making 15 Predictive modeling: linking decisions to objectives prospectively 17 Uncertainty and how it affects decision making 18 Dealing with uncertainty in decision making 21 Summary 23 References 23 3 Identifying and Quantifying Objectives in Natural Resource Management 24 Identifying objectives 24 Identifying fundamental and means objectives 25 Clarifying objectives 28 Separating objectives from science 29 Barriers to creative decision making 30 Types of fundamental objectives 32 Identifying decision alternatives 34 Quantifying objectives 38 Dealing with multiple objectives 38 Multi-attribute valuation 41 Utility functions 43 Other approaches 50 Additional considerations 52 Decision, objectives, and predictive modeling 55 References 55 4 Working with Stakeholders in Natural Resource Management 57 Stakeholders and natural resource decision making 57 Stakeholder analysis 59 Stakeholder governance 62 Working with stakeholders 68 Characteristics of good facilitators 68 Getting at stakeholder values 71 Stakeholder meetings 72 The first workshop 74 References 76 Additional reading 76 PART II. TOOLS FOR DECISION MAKING AND ANALYSIS 77 5 Statistics and Decision Making 79 Basic statistical ideas and terminology 80 Using data in statistical models for description and prediction 100 Linear models 104 Hierarchical models 116 Bayesian inference 129 Resampling and simulation methods 140 Statistical significance 145 References 146 Additional reading 146 6 Modeling the Influence of Decisions 147 Structuring decisions 147 Influence diagrams 148 Frequent mistakes when structuring decisions 153 Defining node states 157 Decision trees 159 Solving a decision model 160 Conditional independence and modularity 164 Parameterizing decision models 165 Elicitation of expert judgment 179 Quantifying uncertainty in expert judgment 188 Group elicitation 189 The care and handling of experts 190 References 191 Additional reading 191 7 Identifying and Reducing Uncertainty in Decision Making 192 Types of uncertainty 192 Irreducible uncertainty 193 Reducible uncertainty 194 Effects of uncertainty on decision making 197 Sensitivity analysis 203 Value of information 217 Reducing uncertainty 220 References 230 Additional reading 231 8 Methods for Obtaining Optimal Decisions 232 Overview of optimization 233 Factors affecting optimization 234 Multiple attribute objectives and constrained optimization 239 Dynamic decisions 246 Optimization under uncertainty 249 Analysis of the decision problem 253 Suboptimal decisions and “satisficing” 256 Other problems 257 Summary 258 References 258 PART III. APPLICATIONS 261 9 Case Studies 263 Case study 1 Adaptive Harvest Management of American Black Ducks 263 Case study 2 Management of Water Resources in the Southeastern US 276 Case study 3 Regulation of Largemouth Bass Sport Fishery in Georgia 284 Summary 291 References 291 10 Summary, Lessons Learned, and Recommendations 294 Summary 294 Lessons learned 294 Structured decision making for Hector’s Dolphin conservation 295 Landowner incentives for conservation of early successional habitats in Georgia 298 Cahaba shiner 299 Other lessons 303 References 304 PART IV. APPENDICES 307 Appendix A Probability and Distributional Relationships 309 Probability axioms 309 Conditional probability 309 Conditional independence 310 Expected value of random variables 311 Law of total probability 311 Bayes’ theorem 312 Distribution moments 313 Sample moments 316 Additional reading 316 Appendix B Common Statistical Distributions 317 General distribution characteristics 317 Continuous distributions 320 Discrete distributions 329 Reference 338 Additional Reading 338 Appendix C Methods for Statistical Estimation 339 General principles of estimation 339 Method of moments 342 Least squares 343 Maximum likelihood 346 Bayesian approaches 353 References 372 Appendix D Parsimony, Prediction, and Multi-Model Inference 373 General approaches to multi-model inference 373 Multi-model inference and model averaging 376 Multi-model Bayesian inference 380 References 383 Appendix E Mathematical Approaches to Optimization 384 Review of general optimization principles 385 Classical programming 392 Nonlinear programming 397 Linear programming 399 Dynamic decision problems 402 Decision making under structural uncertainty 419 Generalizations of Markov decision processes 427 Heuristic methods 427 References 429 Appendix F Guide to Software 430 Appendix G Electronic Companion to Book 432 Glossary 433 Index 449

Read more less

Book SynopsisConsidering peatlands as a whole ecosystem, Peatland Systems and Environmental Change provides a unique, timely look at the consequences of the functioning of peatlands to the paleoenvironmental record, carbon cycling, and conservation issues.Trade Review"...an ideal introduction to peatlands..." (Journal of Soils &Sediments, Vol.2, No.3, 2002) "...a welcome and timely addition..." (Land Degradation andDevelopment, November/December 2002) "...a comprehensive summary of peatland science...it willbroaden specialists' and students' knowledge..." (InternationalJournal of Environment Studies, Vol.60, No.2, 2003) "...certainly a book that should be on the shelves of allpeatland researchers..." (Environmental Conservation, Vol.30,No.1, 2003) ...."Overall, this is an outstanding book. Peatlands and Environmental Change is very highlyrecommended both for personal and library use, and should be on arange of reading lists...." (The Holocene,July 2003) ..."All in all this is a very good and well produced book.... and will become a widely cited reference text ..." (EarthSurface Processes & Landforms, Spetember 2003)Table of ContentsPreface and acknowledgements ix Part 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Peat and Peatlands 3 1.1 Introduction: wetlands and peatlands 3 1.2 Peat and peatland definitions and terminology 3 1.3 Scientific classification systems 5 1.4 Fens and bogs: a key concept 6 1.5 Hydromorphological peatland classification 7 1.6 Mire distribution 15 1.7 Summary 23 Chapter 2 Peat Landforms and Structure 24 2.1 Introduction: peat landforms 24 2.2 Landform development: form, process and time 24 2.3 Description of peat landforms 26 2.4 Landform survey techniques 28 2.5 Peat landform survey: an example from Scotland 32 2.6 Hydrology and peat landforms: the groundwater mound hypothesis 35 2.7 Summary 38 Part 2 Peat land Processes 39 Chapter 3 Peatland Hydrology and Ecology 41 3.1 Introduction 41 3.2 Hydrology and water balance 41 3.3 Water movement within peatlands 43 3.4 Outflows 44 3.5 Hydrochemistry 51 3.6 Chemical processes within peatlands 53 3.7 Ecology and ecohydrology 57 3.8 Limiting factors for plants and animals 57 3.9 Environmental gradients 60 3.10 Summary 72 Chapter 4 Origins and PeatInitiation 73 4.1 Introduction: time and peat growth 73 4.2 Frameworks for peat growth 73 4.3 Pathways to peal growth: terrestrialisation and paludification 74 4.4 Evidence for the origins of peatlands 74 4.5 Examples of peat initiation 80 4.6 Blanket mire initiation in the British Isles 80 4.7 Causes of paludification in other mires 84 4.8 Human impact as a cause of peat growth in other peatlands 86 4.9 Tropical peat initiation 87 4.10 Beavers and peat initiation 90 4.11 Summary 91 Chapter 5 Peat Accumulation 92 5.1 Introduction 92 5.2 Peatland cycles one peat accumulation 92 5.3 Productivity 94 5.4 Decay 100 5.5 Models of peat accumulation 104 5.6 Variability in long-term accumulation rates 110 5.7 Summary 113 Part 3 Changes in Peat lands 115 Chapter 6 The Peatland Archive Palaeoenvironmental Evidence 117 6.1 Introduction 117 6.2 The range of evidence and some general principles 117 6.3 Reasons for Palaeoenvironmental studies on peatlands 120 6.4 Measuring time peatland chronologies 121 6.5 Survey and stratigraphy 129 6.6 Biological evidence of past changes 130 6.7 Physical and chemical characteristics 137 6.8 Multi-proxy approaches 141 6.9 Summary 141 Chapter 7 Autogenic Change 143 7.1 Introduction: long-term change 143 7.2 Autogenic anti allogenic causes of change 143 7.3 Hydroseral succession 145 7.4 Reversals and other successions 149 7.5 Processes of terrestrialisation and the transition to bog peat 150 7.6 Lateral expansion and the development of peal land landscapes 153 7.7 ‘Mature’ peatlands and erosion 155 7.8 Cyclic regeneration 156 7.9 Pattern development 156 7.10 Plant-mediated changes 161 7.11 Physical processes in cold climate peatlands 164 7.12 Summary 165 Chapter 8 Allogenic Change 166 8.1 Introduction 166 8.2 Climate 166 8.3 Fire 169 8.4 Hydrological factors 173 8.5 Volcanic influences 175 8.6 Climate reconstruction from peat 176 8.7 Summary 133 Chapter 9 Peatland-Environment Feedbacks 184 9.1 Introduction 184 9.2 Catchment hydrology 184 9.3 Water quality 186 9.4 Peatlands and global climate 192 9.5 Carbon budgets and gas exchange 194 9.6 Impacts of management and climate change on carbon cycling 198 9.7 Summary 203 Part 4 Resource Management 205 Chapter 10 Values Exploitation and Human Impacts 207 10.1 Introduction: peatland values 207 10.2 Economic values mid exploitation 207 10.3 Wildlife conservation values 209 10.4 Functional values 210 10.5 Value to society 210 10.6 Conservation and ‘wise use’ of peatlands 210 10.7 Impacts of recent human disturbance: drainage as a key process 212 10.8 Peat extraction 214 10.9 Forestry 219 10.10 Agricultural reclamation 225 10.11 Effects of fragmentation 225 10.12 Pollution 227 10.13 Recreation and other disturbance 229 10.14 Long-term anthropogenic disturbance 229 10.15 Summary 230 Chapter 11 Conservation Management and Restoration 231 11.1 Introduction 231 11.2 Naturalness disturbance and conservation 231 11.3 Management options for disturbed peatlands 233 11.4 Semi-natural peatlands habitat management 234 11.5 Restoration and rehabilitation 242 11.6 Restoration of cutover ombrotrophic mires 244 11.7 Restoring other damaged systems 253 11.8 The future for peatlands in the twenty-first century 255 References 258 Index 289

Read more less

Book SynopsisOffers a comprehensive depository of information relating to the scientific and technological aspects of Shale Gas and Alternative Energy. This book includes practical applications of existing technologies, from design to operating and troubleshooting. It is suitable for student looking for practical and applied energy information.Trade Review"As a reliable and current reference book, the 912-page Encyclopedia of Alternative Energy and Shale Gas contains a total of 76 articles [and] covers multiple important alternate energy and renewable energy sources and shale gas topics.... The book... has great value as a current energy reference book in public and university libraries, as well as on the bookshelves of those interested in getting a quick overview of alternate energy sources and shale gas." (The Professional Geologist, 23/01/2017) "Overall the book has a lot of information, some of it of interest to the public and politicians and some of it of interest to engineers. For both groups, this is a useful source of information. The articles have full bibliographies so topics can be taken further." (John Goodier, Reference Reviews, Vol 31, No 3)Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION: ENERGY DRIVES EVERYTHINGHoward C. Hayden xi LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xxv PART I WIND 1 Acceptance of Wind Power: An Introduction to Drivers and Solutions 3Jacob Ladenburg 2 Wind Power Forecasting Techniques 10Michael Negnevitsky 3 Maximizing the Loading inWind Turbine Plants: (A) The Betz Limit, (B) Ducting the Turbine 20D. P. Georgiou and N. G. Theodoropoulos 4 Modeling Wind Turbine Wakes for Wind Farms 28Angus C. W. Creech and Wolf-Gerrit Fr¨uh 5 Fatigue Failure inWind Turbine Blades 52Juan C. Marin, Alberto Barroso, Federico Paris, and Jose Canas 6 Floating Wind Turbines: The New Wave in Offshore Wind Power 69Antoine Peiffer and Dominique Roddier 7 Wind Power—Aeole Turns Marine 80Roger H. Charlier and Alexandre C. Thys 8 Impacts of Wind Farms on Weather and Climate at Local and Global Scales 88Justin J. Traiteur and Somnath Baidya Roy 9 Power Curves and Turbulent Flow Characteristics of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines 104Kevin Pope and Greg F. Naterer 10 Windmill Brake State Models Used in Predicting Wind Turbine Performance 116Panu Pratumnopharat and Pak Sing Leung 11 Lightning Protection of Wind Turbines and Associated Phenomena 120Petar Sarajcev 12 Wind Turbine Wake Modeling—Possibilities with Actuator Line/Disc Approaches 141Stefan Ivanell and Robert Mikkelsen 13 Random Cascade Model for Surface Wind Speed 153R. Baile and J. F. Muzy 14 Wind Power Budget 163Hugo Abi Karam 15 Identification ofWind Turbines in Closed-Loop Operation in the Presence of Three-Dimensional Turbulence Wind Speed: Torque Demand to Measured Generator Speed Loop 169Mikel Iribas-Latour and Ion-Dor´e Landau 16 Identification in Closed-Loop Operation of Models for Collective Pitch Robust Controller Design 180Mikel Iribas-Latour and Ion-Dore Landau 17 Wind Basics—Energy from Moving Air 194 18 Wind—Chronological Development 201 PART II SOLAR 19 Solar Air Conditioning 205Winston Garcia-Gabin and Darine Zambrano 20 Energy Performance of Hybrid Cogeneration Versus Side-by-Side Solar Water Heating and Photovoltaic for Subtropical Building Application 212Tin-Tin Chow, Ka-Kui Tse, and Norman Tse 21 Polycrystalline Silicon for Thin Film Solar Cells 226Nicolas Budini, Roberto D. Arce, Roman H. Buitrago, and Javier A. Schmidt 22 Solar Basics – Energy from the Sun 233 23 NASA Armstrong Fact Sheet: Solar-Power Research 241 24 Solar Thermal – Chronological Development 247 25 Photovoltaic – Chronological Development 249 PART III GEOTHERMAL 26 Geothermal: History, Classification, and Utilization for Power Generation 253Mathew C. Aneke and Mathew C. Menkiti 27 Enhanced Geothermal Systems 265Rosemarie Mohais, Choashui Xu, Peter A. Dowd, and Martin Hand 28 Thermodynamic Analysis of Geothermal Power Plants 290Mehmet Kanoglu and Ali Bolatturk 29 Sustainability Assessment of Geothermal Power Generation 301Annette Evans, Vladimir Strezov, and Tim J. Evans 30 Geothermal Energy and Organic Rankine Cycle Machines 310Bertrand F. Tchanche 31 Low Temperature Geothermal Energy: Geospatial and Economic Indicators 318Alberto Gemelli, Adriano Mancini, and Sauro Longhi 32 Dry Cooling Towers for Geothermal Power Plants 333Zhiqiang Guan, Kamel Hooman, and Hal Gurgenci 33 Thermal Storage 350Marc A. Rosen 34 Shallow Geothermal Systems: Computational Challenges and Possibilities 368Rafid Al-Khoury 35 Geothermal Basics—What is Geothermal Energy? 390 36 Geothermal—Chronologic Development 394 PART IV HYDROPOWER 37 Sustainability of Hydropower 399Joerg Hartmann 38 Environmental Issues Related to Conventional Hydropower 404Zhiqun Daniel Deng, Alison H. Colotelo, Richard S. Brown, and Thomas J. Carlson 39 Social Issues Related to Hydropower 410Joerg Hartmann 40 Safety in Hydropower Development and Operation 413Urban Kjellen 41 Pumped Hydroelectric Storage 423John P. Deane and Brian O’Gallachoir 42 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Hydroelectric Dams in Tropical Forests 426Philip M. Fearnside 43 Physical and Multidimensional Numeric Hydraulic Modeling of Hydropower Systems and Rivers 437Timothy C. Sassaman and Daniel Gessler 44 Experimental and Numerical Modeling Tools for Conventional Hydropower Systems 448Zhiqun Daniel Deng, Thomas J. Carlson, Gene R. Ploskey, Richard S. Brown, Gary E. Johnson, and Alison H. A. Colotelo 45 The State of Art on Large Cavern Design for Underground Powerhouses and Some Long-Term Issues 465Omer Aydan 46 Hydroelectric Power for the Nation 488 47 Hydropower Basics—Energy from Moving Water 492 48 Hydropower—Chronologic Development 497 PART V BATTERIES AND FUEL CELLS 49 Fuel Cell Control 501Winston Garcia-Gabin and Darine Zambrano 50 Recent Trends in the Development of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems 509Amornchai Arpornwichanop and Suthida Authayanun 51 Integrated Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems for Electrical Power Generation—A Review 526Suttichai Assabumrungrat, Amornchai Arpornwichanop, Vorachatra Sukwattanajaroon, and Dang Saebea 52 Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Secondary Batteries 547Fiona M. Gray and Michael J. Smith 53 Recycling and Disposal of Battery Materials 566Michael J. Smith and Fiona M. Gray 54 AC OR DC 578M. Aram Azadpour PART VI RENEWABLE ENERGY CONCEPTS 55 Will Renewables Cut Carbon Dioxide Emissions Substantially? 581Herbert Inhaber 56 The Concept of Base-Load Power 585Mark Diesendorf 57 Tidal Power Harnessing 590Roger H. Charlier 58 The Loading ofWater Current Turbines: The Betz Limit and Ducted Turbines 601D. P. Georgiou and N. G. Theodoropoulos 59 Bottled Gas as Household Energy 606Masami Kojima 60 Exergy Analysis: Theory and Applications 628Marc A. Rosen 61 Global Transport Energy Consumption 651Patrick Moriarty and Damon Honnery 62 Biomass: Renewable Energy from Plants and Animals 657 63 Planting and Managing Switchgrass as a Biomass Energy Crop 663 64 Municipal SolidWaste—Chronological Development 675 65 Ethanol—Chronological Development 677 66 Thermal Properties of Methane Hydrate by Experiment and Modeling and Impacts Upon Technology 680Robert P. Warzinski, Isaac K. Gamwo, Eilis J. Rosenbaum, Evgeniy M. Myshakin, Hao Jiang, Kenneth D. Jordan, Niall J. English, and David W. Shaw (Public Domain) PART VII SHALE GAS 67 Shale Gas Will Rock theWorld 689Amy Myers Jaffe 68 What is Shale Gas? 692Energy Information Administration (Public Domain) 69 Directional and Horizontal Drilling in Oil and Gas Wells 695Public Domain 70 Hydraulic Fracturing of Oil and Gas Wells Drilled in Shale 697Public Domain 71 Hydraulic Fracturing: A Game-Changer for Energy and Economies 700Isaac Orr 72 Zero Discharge Water Management for Horizontal Shale Gas Well Development 720West Virginia Water Research Institute (Public Domain) 73 About Oil Shale—What is Oil Shale? 723Public Domain 74 Natural Gas Basics—How Was Natural Gas Formed? 725Public Domain 75 Natural Gas—Chronological Development 732Public Domain 76 Energy Mineral Division of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Shale Gas and Liquids Committee Annual Report, FY 2014 734Neil S. Fishman, Chair INDEX 857

Read more less

Book Synopsis"an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain.Table of ContentsPreface viii Chapter One Wilderness and the American West 1 Chapter Two History and Management of Wilderness 20 Chapter Three Ecosystem Management and Beyond 35 Chapter Four What About Native Americans and Their Lands 52 Chapter Five Why Not See Off America’s Wildlands? 72 Chapter Six How Does the American Public Want Wilderness Managed? 91 Chapter Seven Wilderness and the Communities of the American West 104 Chapter Eight Wilderness and Economies of the Old and New West 123 Chapter Nine “It’s My West, Not Yours” 143 Chapter Ten Future Directions for Wilderness 173 Notes 195 Index 215

Read more less

Book SynopsisWith the decline in rural population from forty percent at the turn of the century, to about 4 percent now, many small towns have been virtually depopulated. However, some communities are planning and taking action to assure their development in sustainable ways.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: RURAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FRAMEWORKS AND UNDERPINNINGS. Rural Sustainable Development: A Postmodern Alternative (I.Audirac). Sustainable Community Development: A Systems Approach (D. Chiras& J. Herman). RURAL DIVERSITY AND DIVERSITY OF APPROACHES TO COMMUNITYSUSTAINABILITY. Still Life on the Plains: Strategies for Sustainable Communities(J. Luther). Community-Based Workshops: Building a Partnership for CommunityVitality (J. Segedy). ASSESSING THE ALTERNATIVES. Greenways, Trails, and Rural Sustainability (E. Starnes, etal.). Economic Analysis of Leaf Management Alternatives for LocalGovernment (D. Derr & P. Dhillon). About the Authors. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book covers forest mensuration--the process of counting, measuring, and estimating the economic value of a stand of trees. This process also involves measuring non-timber, landscape values such as soils, wildlife habitat, and hydrology.Table of ContentsCONTEXT. Landscape Components. ABIOTIC ENVIRONMENT. Geology. Soil. Climate. Hydrology. BIOTIC RESOURCES. Vegetative Community. Forest Overstory. Wildlife Resources. SOCIAL CONTEXT. Legal and Regulatory Environment. Recreation and Aesthetics. Prehistoric and Historic Land Use. INTEGRATION AND SYNTHESIS. Geographic Information Systems. Integrated Environmental Assessment. SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION. Basic Statistical Sampling Methods. Appendices. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA comprehensive exploration of the effects of fires--in forests and other environments--on soils, watersheds, vegetation, air and cultural resources.Table of ContentsFIRE DYNAMICS. Combustion Processes and Heat Transfer. Fuels and Fire Behavior. SOIL REPONSES. Soil Resource. Physical Soil System. Chemical Soil System. Biological Soil System. RESPONSES OF OTHER RESOURCES. Water. Vegetation. Wetlands and Riparian Ecosystems. Air. Cultural Resources. MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS. Economic Considerations. Fire in Ecosystem Management. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book offers practical, realistic methods for reversing the effects of environmental catastrophe caused by industry. It defines regenerative design, and describes practical applications to the essential systems of land development: energy flow, water flow, agriculture and land use, and building design.Table of ContentsRETHINKING THE MIND IN NATURE. Sustainability in the Neotechnic Era. Science, Design, and Regeneration. Strategies for Regenerative Design. MEANS: REGENERATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS. Energy: The Heart of the Matter. Habitat, Culture, and Energy Flow. Water: Going with the Flow. Growth, Form, and Productivity. Waste as a Resource. IMPLEMENTATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS. Regenerative Systems in the Social Fabric. Garden Communities in Gaia's Garden. Economics, Policy, and Transition. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn in-depth look at the most promising technology for metal remediation. With current cleanup methodologies offering no real solution to the serious environmental implications of toxic metal contamination, there is a growing need among remediation professionals for effective, affordable, nonpolluting alternatives to energy-intensive engineering processes. This book presents one such promising alternative-the extraordinary new technology of phytoremediation. Through first-rate contributions from the top scientists in the field, Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals surveys worldwide pioneering efforts in the use of plants to treat contamination of such metals as lead, cadmium, chromium, and even radionuclides. The authors explore all major aspects of the technology-how it utilizes the metal-accumulating properties of selected or engineered plants to remove toxic metals from soils and water, how to transfer knowledge from the laboratory to the field, and what methods are mosTrade Review"For those who have an interest in the domain of plant adaptation to environmental constraints...this book has undoubtedly to be on the shelf, and for those who simply have some scientific and technologic curiosity, the book will give them a clear overview..." (Plant Science, Vol. 160, No. 5, 2001) "This collection of technical papers explores various aspects of phytoremediation: the use of plants to remove contaminants from the soil." (Industry and Environment, Vol. 23, no. 1-2, January-June 2000) "Fifteen contributions survey efforts in the use of plants to treat soil and water contaminated with such metals as lead, cadmium, chromium, and radionuclides." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 24, No. 4, December 2000) "..a good contribution to the raising literature on phytoremediation"(Ecotoxicology, Vol 9, 2000) "...a useful introduction to this technology...I strongly recommend this volume to scientists interested in alternatives to energy-intensive engineering processes for the remediation of water and soil." (Microchemical Journal, Vol. 69, 2001)Table of ContentsWhy Use Phytoremediation? (B. Ensley). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND GREEN PLANTS. Phytoremediation's Economic Potential (D. Glass). Phytoremediation and Public Acceptance (R. Tucker & J. Shaw). Regulatory Considerations for Phytoremediation (S. Rock & P. Sayre). TECHNOLOGIES FOR METAL PHYTOREMEDIATION. Phytoextraction of Metals (M. Baylock & J. Huang). Phytostabilization of Metals (S. Cunningham & W. Berti). Phytofiltration of Metals (Y. Kapulnik & S. Dushenkov). The Use of Plants for the Treatment of Radionuclide (M. Negri & R. Hinchman). Photostabilization of Metals Using Hybrid Poplar Trees (J. Schnoor). Phytoreduction of Environmental Mercury Pollution (C. Rugh, et al.). The Physiology and Biochemistry of Selenium Volatilization By Plants (M. de Souza, et al.). BIOLOGY OF METAL PHYTOREMEDIATION. Metal Accumulating Plants (R. Reeves & A. Baker). Mechanisms of Metal Hyperaccumulation in Plants (D. Salt & U. Kramer). Mechanisms of Metal Resistance: Phytochelatins and Metalothioneins (C. Cobbett & P. Goldsborough). Molecular Mechanisms of Ion Transport in Plant Cells (M. Guerinot).

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe phenomenal growth in Internet traffic has lead to a huge increase in demand for data transmission capacity on a worldwide level. As a result, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology emerged, which makes it possible to transmit a large number of optical channels on a single optical fiber.Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. 1 Introduction. 2 Fundamental Laser Diode Characteristics. 2.1 Optical Gain in Semiconductors. 2.2 Semiconductor Heterostructures. 2.2.1 Carrier Confinement. 2.2.2 Optical Confinement. 2.2.3 Material Systems. 2.3 Waveguiding and Transverse Laser Modes. 2.3.1 The Slab Waveguide. 2.3.2 Lateral Waveguiding. 2.4 Laser Structures. 2.5 The Fabry–Perot Laser. 2.6 The Rate Equations. 2.6.1 Stationary Solution of the Rate Equations. 2.6.2 Laser Spectrum and Side-Mode Suppression. 2.6.3 Small-Signal Modulation Behavior. 2.7 Quantum Well Laser Diodes. 3 Single-Mode Laser Diodes. 3.1 Mode Selectivity Requirements. 3.2 Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures. 3.2.1 Alternative Derivation of the Coupled-Mode Equations. 3.2.2 Solution of the Coupled-Mode Equations. 3.3 Distributed Bragg-Reflector Lasers. 3.3.1 Magnitude and Phase of Reflection. 3.3.2 Grating Shapes. 3.3.3 DBR Laser Structures. 3.4 Distributed-Feedback Lasers. 3.4.1 DFB Laser With Nonreflecting Facets. 3.4.2 DFB Lasers With Reflecting Facets. 3.4.3 Phase-Shifted and Gain-Coupled DFB Lasers. 3.5 Laser Fabrication and Tolerances. 3.5.1 Wavelength Dependence on Structural Parameters. 3.5.2 Thermal Properties under CW Operation. 3.6 Spectral Linewidth. 4 Basic Concepts of Tunable Laser Diodes. 4.1 Continuous, Discontinuous, and Quasicontinuous Tuning Schemes. 4.2 Tuning of Cavity Gain Characteristic. 4.3 Tuning of Comb-Mode Spectrum. 4.4 Simultaneous Tuning of Cavity Gain and Comb-Mode Spectrum. 4.5 Electronic Wavelength Control. 4.5.1 The Free-Carrier Plasma Effect. 4.5.2 The Quantum-Confined Stark Effect. 4.5.3 Thermal Tuning. 4.6 Integration Techniques. 4.7 Dynamic Behavior. 5 Wavelength-Tunable Single-Mode Laser Diodes. 5.1 Longitudinally Integrated Structures. 5.1.1 Two-Section DBR Laser. 5.1.2 Three-Section DBR Laser. 5.1.3 Multisection DFB Laser. 5.2 Transversely Integrated Structures. 5.2.1 Tunable Twin-Guide DFB Laser. 5.2.2 Striped Heater DFB Laser. 5.3 Integration Technology. 5.4 Physical Limitations on the Continuous Tuning Range. 5.5 Tuning Dynamics and Modulation. 6 Linewidth Broadening. 6.1 Injection–Recombination Shot Noise in the Tuning Region. 6.2 Impedance and Thermal Noise of Bias Source. 6.3 Spatial Correlation. 6.4 1/f Noise. 6.5 Fluctuations of Bias Source. 7 Widely Tunable Monolithic Laser Diodes. 7.1 The Vernier Effect. 7.2 DBR-type Laser Structures. 7.2.1 Sampled-Grating DBR Lasers. 7.2.2 Superstructure-Grating DBR Lasers. 7.2.3 Digital Supermode DBR Lasers. 7.2.4 Superimposed and Binary Gratings. 7.3 Interferometric Structures. 7.3.1 Lateral Integration: The Y-Laser. 7.3.2 Transverse Integration: The VMZ Laser. 7.4 Codirectionally Coupled Laser Diodes. 7.4.1 Theory for Codirectional Coupling. 7.4.2 Tuning and Mode Spacing. 7.4.3 Longitudinally Integrated Structures. 7.4.4 Transversely Integrated Structures. 7.5 Combination of Techniques. 7.5.1 The Grating-Coupled Sampled-Reflector Laser. 7.5.2 The Modulated-Grating Y-structure Laser. 7.6 Comparison of Widely Tunable Monolithic Laser Structures. 8 Practical Issues Related to Monolithic Tunable Laser Diodes. 8.1 Characterization and Control. 8.1.1 DFB and DBR Lasers. 8.1.2 Widely Tunable Lasers. 8.2 Wavelength Stability and Aging. 8.3 Modulation and Wavelength-Switching Dynamics. 8.3.1 Modulation and Transmission. 8.3.2 Wavelength Switching. 8.4 Monolithic Integration. 9 Related DWDM Sources. 9.1 External-Cavity Lasers. 9.1.1 External Grating and External Filter Cavities. 9.1.2 MEMS External Cavities. 9.1.3 Hybrid Structures. 9.2 Vertical-Cavity Lasers. 9.2.1 VCSEL Basics. 9.2.2 Tunable VCSELs. 9.3 Laser Arrays. 9.3.1 Multistripe Arrays. 9.3.2 Selectable Arrays. 9.3.3 DBR Arrays. 9.3.4 Phased Arrays. 9.4 Technology Summary. 9.5 Fiber and Waveguide Lasers. 9.6 Tunable Pulse Sources and Comb Generators. 10 Communications Applications and Requirements. 10.1 Wavelength Tunability. 10.1.1 Tuning Speed and Latency. 10.1.2 Tuning Continuity. 10.1.3 Tuning Uniformity. 10.1.4 Tuning Stability and Accuracy. 10.1.5 Other Design Considerations. 10.2 Functions and Components. 10.2.1 Tunable Transmitters and Transponders. 10.2.2 Tunable Wavelength Converters with Regeneration Capability. 10.2.3 Optical Wavelength Switches. 10.3 Communications Applications. 10.3.1 Point-to-Point Links and Networks. 10.3.2 Fixed-Wavelength Networks. 10.3.3 Reconfigurable Networks. 10.3.4 Optical-Protection Switching. 10.3.5 Optical-Burst Switching. 10.3.6 Photonic-Packet Switching. 11 Other Applications. 11.1 Optical Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Radar. 11.2 Optical Components Characterization. 11.3 Trace-Gas Sensing, Environmental Analysis, and Spectroscopy. 11.4 Heterodyne Techniques. 11.5 Optical Spectrum and Network Analysis. 11.6 Anemometry. Appendix A: Refractive Index of InGaAsP. Appendix B: The Slab Waveguide. Appendix C: Transfer Matrices. Appendix D: Thermal Response of a Laser Diode. D.1 Pulse Response in the Time Domain. D.2 Response in the Frequency Domain. Appendix E: Theory for General Reflectors. Appendix F: Codirectional Coupling. List of Symbols. List of Acronyms. Index. About the Authors.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWritten originally as a manual for the Federal Energy Commission to train regional rate regulators, this is a clear, comprehensive primer on the principles of economics and finance underlying the regulation of electricity markets and the deregulation of electricity generation.Trade Review"This training guide requires no familiarity with economics and uses a minimum of mathematics to provide power sector professionals with the tools to face change." (Business Horizons, September-October 2004) “...this collection is devoted tot he challenges that lie ahead in this area.” (Business Horizons, Vol. 47, No. 2, March/April 2004) "...a useful addition to the introductory literature on electricity market deregulation..." (The Journal of Energy Literature, Vol.1X, No.1, 2003) "...produced for...the thousands of professionals…who need to understand the underlying changes that are occurring...the value of this primer is that it covers many topics of regulatory economics...applicable to restructured electricity markets and introduces the reader to electricity markets..." (Energy Journal) "This book, sponsored by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, is really an economics tutorial. It could well be worth millions of dollars to the right industry niche players... I highly recommend this title for anyone playing in this niche financial and energy market." (Business Information Alert, Vol. 15, No. 9, October 2003) "…I would recommend this book for self-study for any engineer…" (IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, July/Aug 2003)Table of ContentsPreface. Nomenclature. Electricity Regulation and Deregulation. Electricity Economics. The Cost of Capital. Electricity Regulation. Competitive Electricity Markets. The California Power Sector (Ryan Wiser, et al.). The Norwegian and Nordic Power Sectors (Helle Grønli). The Spanish Power Sector. The Argentine Power Sector. Glossary. References. Author Index. Subject Index. About the Authors.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWetlands are crucial ecosystems that help filter a great number of toxicants out of the earth''s waters. They must be managed and occasionally even built from scratch, including all of the flora and fauna that grows there. Invertebrates play a key role in the wetland food chain. This comprehensive resource is the first dedicated solely to the ecology and management of invertebrates.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: MARSHES AND SWAMPS OF THE SOUTHEAST. The Florida Everglades: Natural Variability, Invertebrate Diversity, and Foodweb Stability (R. Rader). The Kissimmee River-Riparian Marsh Ecosystem, Florida: Seasonal Differences in Invertebrate Functional Feeding Group Relationships (R. Merritt, et al.). Carolina Bays: Ecology of Aquatic Invertebrates and Perspectives on Conservation (B. Taylor, et al.). Pitcher Plant Wetlands of the Southeastern United States: Arthropod Associates (D. Folkerts). WOODLAND PONDS, PEATLANDS, AND MARSHES OF THE NORTH AND NORTHEAST. Temporary Woodland Ponds in Michigan: Invertebrate Seasonal Patterns and Trophic Relationships (M. Higgins & R. Merritt). Constructed Marshes in Southeast Pennsylvania: Invertebrate Foodweb Structure (G. Fairchild, et al.). Canadian Springs: Postglacial Development of the Invertebrate Fauna (D. Williams & N. Williams). WETLANDS OF THE CENTRAL PRAIRIES AND MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. Wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region: Invertebrate Species Composition, Ecology, and Management (N. Euliss, et al.). Prairie Wetlands of South-Central Minnesota: Effects of Drought on Invertebrate Communities (A. Hershey, et al.). WETLANDS OF THE WESTERN MOUNTAINS, DESERTS, AND VALLEYS. Wetlands of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks: Aquatic Invertebrate Diversity and Community Structure (W. Duffy). Agricultural Wetland Management for Conservation Goals: Invertebrates in California Ricelands (R. O'Malley). COASTAL FREASHWATER WETLANDS. Tidal Freashwater Wetlands: Invertebrate Diversity, Ecology, and Functional Significance (D. Yozzo & R. Diaz). A Prairie Coastal Wetland (Lake Manitoba's Delta Marsh): Organization of the Invertebrate Community (B. Hann). SYNTHESIS. Ecology of Wetland Invertebrates: Synthesis and Applications for Conservation and Management (S. Wissinger). Indexes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPREPARE FOR THE PARTNERSHIPS OF THE FUTURE This invaluable guide through the complex but highly worthwhile partnering between public and private entities in developing and constructing a wide range of building projects offers objective, comprehensive information integral to both the public and private partners.Table of ContentsPublic/Private Development Partnerships and Other Methods toRealize Projects. Emergence of Public/Private Development Partnerships. Advantages and Disadvantages of Public/Private DevelopmentPartnerships. A Highly Integrated Process Is Required to Achieve SuccessfulPublic/Private Development Partnerships. The Role and Responsibilities of the Public Partners. Partnerships Can Be Customized to Meet the Objectives of BothPartners. Structuring Public/Private Finance Plans. The Developer Solicitation Process. The Precarious Future of Public/Private DevelopmentPartnerships. Eight Case Studies. Appendices. Glossary. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMonitoring Land Supply with Geographic Information Systems Theory, Practice, and Parcel-Based Approaches Monitoring the supply of buildable land and its capacity to accommodate growth within urbanizing regions is an increasingly important component of urban planning and growth management.Trade Review"This book has many strengths." (APA Journal, Autumn 2002)Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Contributors Introduction Anne Vernez Moudon and Michael Hubner Part I Overview 1. Current Land Monitoring Practices and Use of GIS: Challenges and Opportunities Anne Vernez Moudon and Michael Hubner 2. Elements of a General Framework for Land Supply and Capacity Monitoring Michael Hubner and Anne Vernez Moudon Part II Case Studies 3. Portland, Oregon: An Inventory Approach and its Implications for Database Design Lewis D. Hopkins and Gerrit J. Knaap Commentaries: Scott A. Bollens, George Rolfe 4. Montgomery County, Maryland: A Pioneer in Land Supply Monitoring David R. Godschalk Commentary: Lewis D. Hopkins 5. Central Puget Sound Region, Washington: Study of Industrial Land Supply and Demand Lori Peckol and Miles Erickson Commentaries: Scott A. Bollens, William Beyers Part III Thematic Issues 6. Method and Technical Practice in Land Supply and Capacity Monitoring Ric Vrana Commentaries: Frank Westerlund, Marina Alberti 7. Data Sharing and Organizational Issues Anne Vernez Moudon and Michael Hubner Commentary: Zorica Nedovic-Budic 8. Simulating Land Capacity at the Parcel Level Paul Waddell Commentaries: Nancy Tosta, Kenneth J. Dueker Conclusions Anne Vernez Moudon and Michael Hubner Appendix A: Survey of Land Supply Monitoring Practice Appendix B: Selected Case Summaries Appendix C: Interview Contacts Appendix D: May 1998 Seminar Participants Glossary of Terms and Acronyms General Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe latest cutting-edge research on flood pulsing and wetland restoration in North America Presenting the latest research from leaders in the field of restoration ecology, Flood Pulsing in Wetlands reflects the current movement to incorporate flood pulsing into wetland restoration efforts.Trade Review"Subsequent chapters of individual projects and the effect flood pulsing has had on each project's overall goals." (Hydro Review, January 2003) "This book provides pretty good information on the identification, distribution and environmental significance of more than 100 grasses, native and non-native." (Aquaphyte, (Summer 2003)Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. Chapter 1: The Flood Pulse Concept in Wetland Restoration (Beth A. Middleton). Chapter 2: Flood Pulses and Restoration of Riparian Vegetation in the American Southwest (Julie C. Stromberg and M. K. Chew). Flood Patterns and Riparian Vegetation in the Desert Southwest. Flood Pulses and Riparian Restoration. Conclusion. Chapter 3: The Role of the Flood Pulse in Ecosystem-Level Processes in Southwestern Riparian Forests: A Case Study From the Middle Rio Grande (Lisa M. Ellis, Clifford S. Crawford, and Manuel C. Molles Jr.). An Altered River: The Case of the Middle Rio Grande. Consequences of the Altered River: Some Obvious Problems. Research at Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge: Floods, Fire, and the Litter Connection. Fire: Its Relationship to Flooding and Litter Buildup. The Future: Restoration of the Flood Pulse. Chapter 4: The Role of the Flood Pulse in Maintaining Boltonia decurrens, a Fugitive Plant Species of the Illinois River Floodplain: A Case History of a Threatened Species (M. Smith and P. Mettler). The Flood Pulse and Boltonia Decurrens. Adaptations to Cyclical Flooding. Alteration of the Flood Pulse. Restoration of the Flood Pulse to the Illinois River Valley. Protection for B. decurrens Under the Endangered Species Act. Policies and Prospects for the Future. Chapter 5: Conservation and Restoration of Semiarid Riparian Forests: A Case Study from the Upper Missouri River, Montana (Michael L. Scott and Gregor T. Auble). Introduction. Riparian Forests in Dry Regions. The Upper Missouri River, Montana: A Case Study. Conclusions. Chapter 6: Implications of Reestablishing Prolonged FloodPulse Characteristics of the Kissimmee River and Floodplain Ecosystem (Louis A. Toth, Joseph W. Koebel Jr., Andrew G. Warne, and Joanne Chamberlain). Hydrogeomorphology of the Kissimmee River Basin. Flood Pulse Ecology. Restoration of the Flood Pulse. Restoration Expectations. Conclusions. Chapter 7: Flood Pulsing in the Regeneration and Maintenance of Species in Riverine Forested Wetlands of theSoutheastern United States (Beth A. Middleton). Hydrologic Reengineering of Forested Wetlands. Regeneration Problems for Plant Species on Floodplains with Altered Hydrology. Restoration Approaches. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWritten for turf managers looking to reduce or eliminate their use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, this guide offers advice and practical steps for earth-conscious solutions to traditional fertilizers and pesticides.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments. Introduction. About the Author. Chapter 1. The Soil Ecosystem. Chapter 2. Fertility. Chapter 3. Compost. Chapter 4. Analysis. Chapter 5. Pests. Chapter 6. Cultural Practices. Chapter 7. Simplicity versus Stability. Sources and Resources. Glossary. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDesigned for both students and practicing professionals, it addresses critical issues of water quality, focusing on the illustration and application of both hydrologic and economic water management techniques. Stresses applications using worked examples, case studies and problems.Table of ContentsProbability and Statistical Methods for Hydrologic Events. Hydrographs. Management Models for Flow Rate and Volume Control. Stormwater Quality. Receiving Water Quality. Stormwater Management Alternatives for Water Quality Improvement. Wet-Retention/Detention Ponds. Economic and Fiscal Feasibility. Optimization. Rural Area Stormwater Management. Appendices. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisEmphasizing the key principles of conservation biology and showing how these principles can be applied to the management of biological resources, this text simplifies many difficult concepts. Each chapter summarizes a specific theme in the field and contains suggestions for further reading.Table of ContentsConservation History. Environmental Trends. Environmental Ethics. Ecological Economics. Policies for Conservation. Management of Natural Resources. Preservation of Biodiversity. Culture. Conclusion. References. Indexes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe classic reference on weeds and invasive plants has been revised and updated. The Third Edition of this authoritative reference provides an in-depth understanding of how weeds and invasive plants develop and interact in the environment so you can manage and control them more effectively.Trade Review"Overall, the changes make the third edition a worthwhile purchase even for those who already own the second. . . If one is looking for a book that covers the basics of weed science from a traditional perspective this is a fine selection: well-written and remarkably concise for a complicated topic." (Economic Botany, 2010) Table of ContentsPreface. Burdock (Charles Goodrich) Introduction. Chapter 1. Weeds and Invasive Plants. Chapter 2. Principles. Chapter 3. Invasibility of Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems. Chapter 4. Evolution of Weeds and Invasive Plants. Chapter 5. Weed Demography and Population Dynamics. Chapter 6. Plant-Plant Associations. Chapter 7. Weed and Invasive Plant Management Approaches, Methods and Tools. Chapter 8. Herbicides. Chapter 9. Systems Approaches for Weed and Invasive Plant Management. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisTwilight in the Desert reveals a Saudi oil and production industry that could soon approach a serious, irreversible decline. In this exhaustively researched book, veteran oil industry analyst Matthew Simmons draws on his three-plus decades of insider experience and more than 200 independently produced reports about Saudi petroleum resources and production operations. He uncovers a story about Saudi Arabia's troubled oil industry, not to mention its political and societal instability, which differs sharply from the globally accepted Saudi version. It's a story that is provocative and disturbing, based on undeniable facts, but until now never told in its entirety. Twilight in the Desert answers all readers' questions about Saudi oil and production industries with keen examination instead of unsubstantiated posturing, and takes its place as one of the most important books of this still-young century.Trade Review"Those who follow with their own tales of imminent economic collapse struggle to emerge from [Simmons'] shadow." (Spectator Business, October, 2008) "...this is an important book and worth reading" (The Royal Society for Asian Affairs, April 2006) "The author...is clearly an expert in his field.... I recommend anybody in the financial markets read this book." (Financial Engineering News, October 2006)Table of ContentsIllustrations ix Preface xiii Acknowledgments xxi PART ONE FROM BEDOUIN TO BOURGEOISIE 1 1 The Birth of a Nation 5 2 The History of Major Saudi Arabian Oil Discoveries 23 3 Saudi Arabia's Road to Oil Market Dominance 43 4 The Veil of Secrecy over Saudi Oil Reserves and Production 69 PART TWO THE EBBING OF THE SAUDI OIL BOUNTY 99 5 Saudi Aramco 101 6 Oil Is Not Just Another Commodity 129 PART THREE GIANTS AT THE TIPPING POINT 149 7 Ghawar, the King of Oilfields 151 8 The Second-Tier Oilfields 181 9 The Best of the Rest 199 10 Coming Up Empty in New Exploration 231 11 Turning to Natural Gas 245 PART FOUR TWILIGHT IN THE DESERT 261 12 Saudi Oil Reserves Claims in Doubt 265 13 Facing the Inevitable 281 14 Reading Between the Lines of the Latest News from Aramco 309 15 Aramco Invokes "Fuzzy Logic" to Manage the Future of Saudi Oil 325 16 In Search of Crisper Truths among the Confident Saudi Claims 333 17 Aftermath 341 Appendix A Methodology 355 Appendix B Supporting Technical Data 365 Appendix C The 1974 and 1979 Senate Hearings 377 Notes 385 Bibliography 391 Index 409

Read more less

Book SynopsisExplores how the emissions of acidifying gases in the atmosphere have caused the acidification of large freshwater areas in Europe and North America, and induced major changes in the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Acidic Emissions and Political Systems (T. Paces). The Relative Importance of Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds in theAcidification of Freshwater (H. Van Miegroet). Lake Acidification and the Role of Paleolimnology (R. Battarbee& D. Charles). Role of Organic Acids in Acidification of Fresh Waters (H.Hemond). Effects of Acidification on Trace Metal Transport in Fresh Waters(J. Vesely). Biological Processes that Affect Water Chemistry (C. Kelly). The Biological Effects of Acid Episodes (S. Ormerod & A.Jenkins). Invertebrate Community Changes Caused by Reduced Acidification (G.Raddum & A. Fjellheim). Predicting Recovery of Freshwater Ecosystems: Trout in NorwegianLakes (B. Cosby, et al.). Indexes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA renaissance in railways and the formal recognition of environmental priorities are both features of the last quarter of the twentieth century, but relatively little has been published about the individual and collective environmental impacts of railways. There is an urgent need to address the subject comprehensively. New railways are being planned in many countries and environmental assessment has become an essential element of planning. Most of the impacts of railways have existed for well over a hundred years and many of these continue to be relevant today. Some new issues, such as the operation of very fast trains or the routeing of tracks to carry them, require special attention. This book brings together the main planning and management issues concerning the way railways, established, newly-constructed, or upgraded, have an impact on the environment. It provides a step-by-step assessment of how the engineer, planner, environmental manager, transport specialist or railway operatoTable of ContentsRAILWAYS AND PLANNING. Environmental Planning. Railway Planning. Passenger Traffic. Freight. IMPACTS ON PEOPLE. Social Impacts and Public Perception. Noise and Vibration. Pollution. Visual Impacts. Construction. IMPACTS ON RESOURCES. Resource Use and Route Selection. Residential, Commercial and Productive Land. Nature Conservation. Heritage and Amenity. Railways in Scenic Landscape. Environmental Evaluation of Land Resources. PLANNING FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY. Environmental Rail Transport Solutions. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisGlobal watming through the enhanced greehouse effect is one of themajor and most uncertain forces of global environmental changepresently facing the earth. This book is a guide to the scientificand policy debate concerning the roles of agriculture, forestry andother activities leading to global warming. The influence of landuse on the greehouse effect is important, not only in terms of netemissions of greenhouse gases, but also in the potential to reduceemissions through changing land use policies. Land Use and the Causes of Global Warming reviews the globalemissions of greenhouse gases from land use sources, highlightingthe undertainties in estimating both the magnitude of the fluxesand the scale of land use change. Policies of afforestation,policies to encourage the halting of deforestation and changingmanagement pravctices in agriculture are all examined from theperspectives of feasibility, cost and equity. The authorsillustrate how all land use policies are multi-objectiveTable of ContentsLand Use and Global Environmental Change: A Social SciencePerspective. THE LAND USE CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING. Assessing Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from the Terrestrial Biota. The Role of Tropical Forests in the Carbon Cycle. Soils, Bogs and Wetlands: Greenhouse Gas Fluxes. POLICY ANALYSIS. An Investigation of the Causes of Tropical Deforestation. Agricultural Policy to Reduce Methane Emissions. Forestry Options for Offsetting Emissions. The International Policy Dimension. Land Use Options for Greenhouse Gas Abatement: Prospects andConstraints. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisScientific theory and practical applications of wetlands are evaluated, and information and experience is provided on experimental and empirical approaches tot he restoration of damaged wetland ecosystems with a view to developing firm ground rules for restoration policies and procedures.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Archaeology and Wetland Restoration (B. Coles). Assessing the Restoration Prospects of Degraded Fens (A. Grootjans& R. van Diggelen). The Role of Seed Banks in the Revegetation of Australian TemporaryWetlands (M. Brock & D. Britton). Planning for the Restoration of Peat Wetlands for Birds (D. Ward,et al.). The Ombrogenous Bog Environment (M. Proctor). Hydrological Protection and Rewetting of Raised Bogs Influenced byMan (R. Eggelsman). The Basis of Mire Restoration in Finland (H. Heikkila & T.Lindholm). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis is a comprehensive book which tackles the important ecological issues including the ethics of woodland creation, the types of woodland, species considerations, the influence of new woodlands on the diversity and distribution of plant and animal species, and how ecological principles can be integrated with the planning process.Table of ContentsTo What Extent Can We Recreate Woodland? (J. Spencer). Planning and Designing New Woodlands for People (M.Sangster). New Woodlands in the Landscape (S. Bell). Biogeography and Woodland Design (I. Spellerberg). Vegetation Classification Systems as an Aid to Woodland Creation(J. Rodwell G. Patterson). Soils and Restoration Ecology (A. Moffat G. Buckley). Soil Biotic Communities and New Woodland (J. Harris T. Hill). Creating Woodlands: To Plant Trees or Not? (R. Harmer G. Kerr). Introduction of Plants and Manipulation of Field Layer Vegetation(J. Packham, et al.). Invertebrate Conservation and New Woodland in Britain (R.Key). Bird Populations in New Lowland Woods: Landscape, Design andManagement Perspectives (R. Fuller, et al.). Population Dynamics of Small Mammals in New Woodlands (J. FlowerdewR. Trout). Do Woodland Mammals Threaten the Development of New Woods? (R. Gill, et al.). Ecological Planning in New Woodlands (R. Ferris-Kaan). Indexes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisBecause of its ability to treat both regions with irregular boundaries and with different material types, the finite element method is increasingly being applied to surface water and soil transport problems and this is the focus of the present volume. The method is ideally suited to simulation of complex real applications for resolving environmental issues and for conducting environmental impact studies. The present volume focuses on the two main areas of environmental modeling with finite elements and the supporting finite element methodology. Five chapters are devoted to ocean and coastal engineering, one to other surface water problems, several to ground water modeling and contaminant transport, including radioactive waste, and the remainder to mathematical models, particularly for mixed finite elements and nonlinear problems. Environmental problems are of increasing topicality and importance today. Special care has been taken in organizing and editing the material to form the rightTable of ContentsPartial table of contents: Modeling Surface Water Flow (R. Walters). Environmental Hydrodynamics: Comprehensive Model for the Gulf ofMaine (D. Lynch, et al.). Surface Elevation and Circulation in Continental Margin Waters (J.Westerink, et al.). An Improved Finite Element Model for Shallow Water Problems (O.Zienkiewicz & P. Ortiz). An Entropy Variable Formulation and Petrov-Galerkin Method for theShallow Water Equations (S. Bova & G. Carey). Tidal Simulation Using Conjugate Gradient Methods (E. Barragy, etal.). 3D Finite Element Hydrodynamic Model (M. Andreola, et al.). Po River Delta Flow (V. Pennati & S. Corti). Circulation and Salinity Intrusion in Galveston Bay, Texas (R.Berger). Sentinels and Parameter Indentification (T. Mannikko). Contaminant Transport with Nonlinear, Nonequilibrium AdsorptionKinetics (C. Dawson). Substructure Preconditioning for Porous Flow Problems (R. Ewing, etal.). Error Estimates for Saturated Groundwater Flows (S. Chow). Waste Encapsulation by In Situ Vitrification (R. McLay, etal.). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisRehabilitation of Rivers Principles and Implementation Edited by Louise C. de Waal Division of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, UK Andrew R. G. Large Department of Geography, University of Newcastle, UK and P. Max Wade Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK River rehabilitation has become an issue at the top of the agenda for water authorities and river managers in many countries throughout the world. This challenging topic involves a wide range of themes, many of which are brought together in this volume. They concern planning strategy, implementation and project appraisal for a number of different types of river systems including upland, lowland and urban rivers. Topic areas addressed include hydrology, geomorphology, ecology and economics as, to be successful, rehabilitation of freshwaters must incorporate all of these subjects within a holistic framework. This volume covers a wide range of countries, provides comprehTrade Review"This reviewer will use this as a volume of reading for my students..." ----Geographical Journal, September 2000Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: PLANNING AND STRATEGY. Strategic Approaches to River Rehabilitation: River Leen and River Derwent (D. Hickie). Problems Associated with the Degradation of Rivers in Yorkshire and Initiatives to Achieve Rehabilitation (J. Pygott). Lowland Stream Restoration Projects in the Netherlands (P. Jasperse & M. Verbeek). Practical Methods for Nature Development (J. van Rijen). ECOLOGICAL SOUND REHABILITATION. Ecology and River Rehabilitation (G. Pinay). Integrated Approaches of Ecology and Engineering in River Rehabilitation (D. Borchardt). Ecologically Sound River Bank Design (J. Simons). IMPLEMENTATION, INCLUDING CASE STUDIES. The River Restoration Project (N. Holmes). Integrated Wetland and River Restoration in the Norfolk Broads (D. Prigmore). River Rehabilitation in Sweden (L. Vought). River Rehabilitation in Australia, New Zealand and Japan (C. Gippel). PROJECT APPRAISAL. Post Project Appraisal (E. Darby & E. Cranston).

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe use of systems models is becoming increasingly popular in the energy industry to investigate regulatory prices, environmental issues, strategic competitive behavior, broader markets and the impact of privatizations. This book addresses the new challenges to modelling as a result of the trend away from planned economies to new market structures.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Systems Modelling for Energy Policy (D. Bunn & E.Larsen). The IDEAS Model and Its Use in Developing the US Climate ChangeAction Plan (F. Wood & J. Geinzer). Benefits from Electricity Trade in Northern Europe under CO2Constraints (T. Larsson). Application and Limitations of Annual Models for ElectricityCapacity Development (P. Grohnheit). The Economics of the CO2 Problem: What About the Supply Side? (J. Blank & W. Strobele). The Changing Role of Simulation Models: The Case of the PacificNorthwest Electric System (A. Ford). Complementary Modelling Approaches for Analysing Several Effects ofPrivatization on Electricity Investment (D. Bunn, et al.). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisEven in the late 20th Century, there remains a complex web of spatial inter-relationships linking port cities and coastal zones. Cityports, Coastal Zones and Regional Change brings together seventeen authors to explore aspects of these inter-relationships.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Ports, Cities and Coastal Zones: Competition and Change in aMultimodal Environment (B. Hoyle). THEORY AND PRACTICE IN THE UK. Cityport Development and Regional Change: Lessons from the Clyde(A. Dawson). ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES. Oil Industry Restructuring and Its Environmental Consequences inthe Coastal Zone (S. Harcombe & D. Pinder). ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION IN DEVELOPING AREAS. Balkan Transport and Cityport Development in an Era of Uncertainty(D. Hall). Cityports and Coastal Zones in Contemporary Africa: Mombasa and theIndian Ocean Facade of Kenya (B. Hoyle). INTERMODALISM, MIDAs AND MULTIMODALISM. Fixed Links and Short Sea Crossings (R. Knowles). Combined Transport in Italy: The Case of the Quadrante Europa,Verona (C. Robiglio). PLANNING STRATEGIES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE. Cityports, Coastal Zones and Sustainable Development (A.Vallega). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWritten by specialist and regional contributors, this invaluablebook provides an integrated, up-to-date, geographical assessment ofland degradation in the world''s Mediterranean regions. Land degradation is the alteration of the natural (or biophysical)environment by human actions, causing detrimental effects to thevegetation, soils, landforms, water and ecosystems. Part One ofthis book comprises a brief geography of the Mediterranean climateregions - the Mediterranean basin, California, central Chile, theSouthwest Cape and Southern Australia, providing a context forParts Two and Three. The second section discusses the nature,extent, history, causes and implications of land degradation in theregions. Major problems include soil, vegetation and waterdegradation, fire, drought, flooding and sedimentation. Historicaland contemporary human responses to these problems are alsoconsidered and at times become part of the problem. Solutions -actual and potential - are evaluated in the Trade Review"... it is a valuable piece of work and we recommend it as areference book for any institution's library." EnvironmentalConservation "This is an impressive work of reference and will be much-used asdebates about desertification and land degradation continue. Thereis much detail, mapping and compilation of statistical information.... this is a splended item of co-operative scholarship andacademic synthesis of a huge amount of information, which otherwisewould be unavailable to students and development practitionersalike." Biodiversity and Conservation ".. this book is a valuable source of material and worth its placein university and college libraries." Progress in PhysicalGeographyTable of ContentsTHE NATURE OF THE WORLD'S MEDITERRANEAN-TYPE ENVIRONMENTS Iberian Peninsul and Balearic Islands The South of France and Corsica Italy The Croatian Adriatic Coast Greece The Eastern Mediterranean North Africa Greater California Chile The Southwestern Cape of South Africa Southern Australia PROBLEMS OF LAND DEGRADATION Introduction The Main Problems of Land Degradation: Their Nature, Extent andSeverity: 1. Erosion and Soil Deterioration, Flooding, VegetationLoss and Degradation The Main Problems of Land Degradation: Their Nature, Extent andSeverity: 2. Drought, Water Shortages, and Water Quality, and otherForms of Degradation The Historical Development of Land Degradation in the MediterraneanWorld The Causes of Land Degradation 1. The Nature of the BiophysicalEnvironment The Causes of Land Degradation 2. Vegetation Clearing andAgricultural Practices The Causes of Land Degradation 3. Other Human Actions Some Broader Implications of Land Degradation SOLUTIONS TO LAND DEGRADATION Introduction Solutions dealing with Animals, Cultivation and HorticulturalPractices Technical Solutions Vegetation-Related Solutions Economic, Social, Agency and Policy Solutions. 1. The MediterraneanBasin Economic, Social, Agency and Policy Solutions 2. The NewWorld Summary and Conclusions

Read more less

Book SynopsisContaminated sites and facilities may pose significant risks to the local populations because of the potential health and environmental effects associated with environmental contamination problems. Also affected are property owners and financiers due to reduced property values and possible financial liabilities. The effective management of contaminated sites is therefore an important environmental issue, requiring careful planning. This book addresses the issues relevant to the investigation and management of contaminated sites, emphasising problem diagnosis/characterisation and the development of site restoration/corrective action programs. The book focuses on methodologies that will allow scientifically justifiable/defensible, technically feasible, and economically viable corrective action assessment and response decisions to be made. This includes methods for developing effectual site restoration tasks, methods for evaluating the progress of corrective action programs, and the appliTable of ContentsPROBLEM DIAGNOSIS. Investigating Potentially Contaminated Sites. Contaminant Fate and Transport in the Environment. Conceptualization of Contaminated Sites. Elements of a Site Characterization Activity. Risk Assessment as a Diagnostic Tool. DEVELOPMENT OF SITE RESTORATION. Development of Risk-Based Site Restoration Goals. Site Restoration Techniques. Corrective Measure Evaluation Tools. Evaluation of Site Restoration Options. Development of a Site Restoration Plan for a Contaminated SiteProblem: An Illustrative Example. Design of Corrective Action Response Programs. Additional Bibliography. Recommended Scientific Journals. Appendices. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis text argues that hydrologists of the 21st century should look beyond the traditional boundaries of river channel, or river catchment areas to consider how water resources can be managed in an integrated and sustainable way.Table of ContentsThe Changing Roles of Hydrology (R. Wilby). Continuity in Hydrological Systems (A. Baird). Hydrochemical Processes (C. Soulsby). Hydrological Monitoring and Measurement Methods (K. Boucher). Hydrological Modelling in Practice (G. Watts). Operational Hydrology (R. Wilby & G. Davies). Hydrological and Ecological Interactions within River Corridors (G.Petts & C. Bradley). Palaeohydrology and Environmental Change in Drylands (P. Barker& D. Higgitt). Beyond the River Catchment (R. Wilby). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisProvides syntheses of studies in three continents on the problem ofachieving and understanding tropical rural development withoutcompromising longer-term sustainability of the soil and watersystems that underpin it. The studies were carried out in Central/South America, Africa andAsia during the 1990s, mostly through the support of the EU Scienceand Technology for Development Programme. The studies encompassexamples of erosion measurement:; of erosion control andconservation techniques at soil and ecosystem levels; of the limitsto uses of fragile tropical soils; of the effects of runoffcombined with regulation on rivers and reservoirs; of theimportance of indigenous people in the development processes and ofthe value and limitations of modelling at scales from soils tocatchment. There is no single message from the book because thereis no single solution to the problems of achieving sustainabletropical development. This book presents ideas, techniques and case studies,Trade Review"... the authors and editors do a good job in presenting a state of the art review." (Progress in Environmental Science)Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION Sustainability in the Context of Tropical Catchments SOILS, EROSION AND LAND USE Introduction From Plot to Basins: The Scale Problem in Studies of Soil Erosionand Sediment Yield Remote Sensing and GIS Studies of Erosion Potential for CatchmentManagement: A Densely Populated Agricultural Catchment inKenya Socio-economic Aspects of Subsistence Farming and Soil Erosion inTropical Catchment Management: The Upper Tana, Kenya Agroecological Practices as Tools for the Sustainable Management ofCatchments Susceptible to Erosion: Reunion Island The Importance of Geopedology in Sustainable Use of TropicalCatchments: Sodic Soils and Land Use Scenarios in NorthernAmazonia Soil Restoration and Conservation: The "Tepetates" - Indurated Volcanic Soils - in Mexico Environmental Management for Sustainable Selective Logging inTropical Rainforests Environmental Limits to Sustainable Coffee Cultivation on TropicalSoils: The Sungai, Pemadang Catchment, Brunei CATCHMENT CONSERVATION AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF SUSTAINABLEMANAGEMENT Introduction Conservation of Tropical Peat Swamp Forests: A Peatland Catchmentin Central Kalimantan Catchment Sustainability and River Biodiversity in Asia: A CaseStudy from Nepal Conservation of Inland Deltas: A Case Study of the Gash Delta,Sudan The Importance of People in the Management of TropicalCatchments Hydrological and Ecological Considerations in the Management of aCatchment Controlled by a Reservoir Cascade: The Tana River,Kenya Information for the Sustainable Management of Shallow Lakes: LakeNaivasha, Kenya MODELLING: AN ESSENTIAL TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT Introduction The Importance of Soil Infiltration Dynamics and Data Uncertainty:Field Studies on Soils in Zimbabwe Distributed Numerical Modelling of Surface Runoff and Soil Erosionin Arid Catchments Hydrological Modelling in Humid Tropical Catchments Modelling Lake Level Changes: Examples from the Easter Rift Valley,Kenya The Influence of Tropical Catchments upon the Coastal Zone:Modelling the Links between Groundwater and Mangrove Losses inKeyna, India/Bangladesh and Florida

Read more less

Book SynopsisStrategic minerals are a major element of resource geopolitics. The US has always provided the umbrella for the West and is now the global policeman on strategic mineral supply. As the global economic system has developed it has become increasingly clear that the geopolitical balance in global mineral supply is focused on the countries of the former Soviet Union, China and South Africa. The entire import list of US non-fuel minerals is examined in the context of import dependence, the criticality of end-use and the vulnerability of sources. This analysis builds up a complete picture of the varying levels of vulnerability for each mineral, allowing lists of both key and marginal strategic minerals to be compiled. The major sources of these minerals and their relative potential problems of supply are considered. These problems range from geopolitical concerns to the monopolistic agency of multinationals and cartels to the mechanistics of sea-line communications. The book concludes with aTable of ContentsStrategic Mineral Vulnerability. Strategic Mineral Sources. The Geopolitical Foci. Strategic Mineral Geopolitics. Current Position, Possible Options and General Conclusions. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThere is growing concern over the conservation and management of European wet grasslands. The maintenance of the European wet grassland landscape, including floodplain meadows and coastal grazing marshes or pastures, through traditional low-intensity farming has conserved a habit supporting internationally important plant and animal communities, including many rare species. However,land use changes such as flood defence, land drainage, agricultural intensification and neglect have caused a considerable reduction in the extent and biodiversity of European wet grasslands. The international importance of the habitat for biodiversity conservation has recently been recognised with its inclusion in the European Union Habitats and Species Directive and the Convention on Biological Diversity fostered by the United Nations. This volume thoroughly examines European perspectives of wet grassland ecology in order to encourage an integrated approach to contemporary issues. Important topics covered Trade Review"...well written and edited and is an interesting and useful publication." --Wildfowl Wetlands, November 2000 "...a valuable contribution to the understanding of wet grassland ecology and to knowledge necessary for the conservation of this important semi-natural habitat." --Flora, No. 195, 2000Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Wet Grasslands: A European Perspective (C. Joyce P. Wade). STATUS. The Conservation of Lowland Wet Grassland in England (R. JeffersonP. Grice). The Ecology of Floodplain Grasslands in Estonia (L. Truus A.Tnisson). BIODIVERSITY. The Formation, Vegetation and Management of Sea-Shore Grasslands inWest Estonia (E. Puurmann U. Ratas). The Important Habitats and Characteristic Rare Invertebrates ofLowland Wet Grassland in England (M. Drake). MANAGEMENT. Dynamics of Plant Litter in Riparian Meadows: Setting a Referencefor Management (S. Xiong C. Nilsson). Managing Water for Wetland Ecosystems: A Case Study (A. ArmstrongS. Rose). RESTORATION. Residual Effects of Phosphorus Fertilization on the Restoration ofFloristic Diversity to Wet Grassland (J. Tallowin, et al.). Restoration of a Target Wet Grassland Community on Ex-Arable Land(S. Manchester, et al.). Glossary. Vascular Plant Nomenclature. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisCombines a view of energy markets with a perspective of the relevant environmental issues involved. In the book, these two themes are merged by investigating how the major players in the oil market respond to the challenges from the world of environmental politics.Table of ContentsISSUES, BACKGROUND AND ANALYTICAL APPROACH. The Environmental Challenges. Oil Company Characteristics. Analytical Framework. EMPIRICAL STUDIES. Shell. Exxon. British Petroleum plc. Amoco. Statoil. Environmental Strategies in the Refinery Sector. Oil Industry Lobby Organisations. Conclusions. Bibliography. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMost of the developing countries are located near the tropics which determine the success or failure of sustainable development strategies in these regions. This environmental study focuses on the developing world, integrating physical/biological discussion with social/development analysis.Trade Review"The overall impression is of a stimulating text" (Progress in Physical Geography, Vol.25 No 3, 2001)Table of ContentsBASIC TOOLS AND CONCEPTS. Introduction to the Physical Environment. World Population: Distribution and Trends. Economics of Environment: Concepts and Tools. MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT. Natural Vegetation as a Resource Land Use and Environmental Impact. Development of Water Resources. Energy and Development. Changing Air Quality. Urban Development and Environmental Modification. The Coastal Waters. Techniques for Environmental Evaluation. THE GLOBAL ISSUES. The History of Current Environmental Awareness. Current Global Events and Projected Effects. Environmental Arrangements: Present and Future. Global Governance for Environment. The Main Issues. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisExamines the relationship between habitat and ecosystem dynamics. Covering habitats ranging from mountains to floodplains to coastal dunes and rivers, this text discusses how the biological and physical processes interact in each habitat. It is suitable for conservationists, environmental consultants, managers and engineers.Table of ContentsList of contributors. Preface. Relations Between Nature Conservation and the Physical Environment (A. Warren and J.R. French). Mountain Resources and Conservation (N. Bayfield). Valley-Side Slopes (A. Warren). Conservation and the River Channel Environment (N. Clifford). Floodplains (F. Hughes and S. Rood). Lakes (L. Carvalho and N. Anderson). Freshwater Wetlands (J. Thompson and C. Finlayson). Physical Contexts for Saltmarsh Conservation (J. French and D. Reed). Coastal Dunes (S.M. Arens, et al.). Climate Change and Nature Conservation (C. Agnew and S. Fennessy). Sea-Level Rise (J. French and T. Spencer). Index.

Read more less