Environmental management Books

Book Synopsis The fall of the Soviet Union was a transformative event for the national political economies of Eastern Europe, leading not only to new regimes of ownership and development but to dramatic changes in the natural world itself. This painstakingly researched volume focuses on the emblematic case of postsocialist Romania, in which the transition from collectivization to privatization profoundly reshaped the nation’s forests, farmlands, and rivers. From bureaucrats abetting illegal deforestation to peasants opposing government agricultural policies, it reveals the social and political mechanisms by which neoliberalism was introduced into the Romanian landscape.Trade Review “This book has been a rarity in the social science literature of Romania and South-Eastern Europe. The novelty and originality reside in the introduction of themes and theories… which, intertwined with the social anthropological approach, highlights and revives seemingly outdated topics such as post-socialism.” • Martor “This very well-written and thoroughly researched book is an important addition to the collection of not-so-numerous books on the politics of land in Romania, together with valuable comparison analyses of the similar development in other postsocialist countries in Eastern Europe. Dorondel also offers us an impressive list of references, adding a valuable rendition of the selected number of sources in English. Adding even more value to Disrupted Landscapes are the statistical data, maps, and selected illustrations. The volume should be of interest to both general readers and specialists in that it covers a very broad range of issues placed within a large comparative framework.” • EuropeNow “For those concerned with the transformations of land relations since the fall of socialism and of the mechanisms behind them, this book is essential reading.” • Slavic Review “This is clearly the best study on the environmental history of Romania published to date. It is a paragon of vivid, illustrative, and intimate local history combined with an international outlook.” • Joachim Radkau, Universität Bielefeld “Meticulously researched and beautifully written, Disrupted Landscapes takes a broad view of the transformations taking place in rural Romania in the first part of the 2000s. It presents one of the most finely granulated pictures of the workings of power in rural settings.” • Diana Mincyte, New York City College of TechnologyTable of Contents List of Illustrations List of Figures Preface List of Abbreviations Introduction: Privatizing the State and the Transformation of the Agrarian Landscape Chapter 1. Dragomiresti and Dragova: Two Centuries of Ecological and Socio-economic Transformations Chapter 2. Postsocialism as Neoliberalism: Reorganizing Society and Nature Chapter 3. Bureaucrats, Patronage, Illegal Logging Chapter 4. Contested Forest Chapter 5. Waning Pastures Chapter 6. Fragmented Lands Chapter 7. Wasted Rivers Conclusion: A Disrupted Landscape References Index

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Book SynopsisThis book, the first of its kind, seeks to demonstrate how ‘SDG15 - Life on Land’ can be implemented through effective biodiversity management, mainstreaming strategies and proposing solutions to achieve and consolidate the goals. The book will be of great interest to natural resource policy makers, scholars and students of natural resources, development studies and sustainable development, as well as those engaged in international climate change discourse and non-government organisations. Drawing on experienced faculty scientists who are experts in natural resource governance issues in a wide variety of fields ranging from forestry, biodiversity conservation policy to climate change, this work proposes solutions to achieve and consolidate SDG15. Delving into SDG15 targets and indicators, drawing on examples from across the regions to give a truly global policy perspective, and understanding the significance of the forest ecosystem as the foundation for sustainable development, the authors demonstrate how SDG15 can and will be an appropriate tool for mainstreaming biodiversity across the policy sectors of governance. Concise Guides to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals comprises 17 short books, each examining one of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The series provides an integrated assessment of the SDGs from economic, legal, social, environmental and cultural perspectivesTable of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and ‘SDG15 Life on Land’ Chapter 2. Foundations of ‘SDG15 Life on Land’: Earth, Forests and Biodiversity Chapter 3. Essentials of ‘SDG15 Life on Land’ for Achieving the Targets: An Integrated Perspective for Progress Chapter 4. Drivers of Change for ‘SDG15 Life on Land’ Chapter 5. Plausible Solutions with Reference to ‘SDG15 Life on Land’ Towards an Effective Biodiversity Management

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Book SynopsisHas the future a future? Are we bringing history to an end? Observing any one of several individual but critical trends suggests that, without rapid and positive action, history may have only a very short way to run. Whether it is the growth of world population, of greenhouse gas concentrations and the accelerating rate of climate change, the running down of oil and natural gas reserves, growing shortages of fresh water for agriculture, industry and domestic use, or the increasing difficulty in controlling epidemic diseases � we are facing a mounting global crisis that will peak in less than a generation, around the year 2030. Taken together, these trends point to a potentially apocalyptic period, if not for the planet itself then certainly for human societies and for humankind. In this compelling book, and update to The 2030 Spike, Colin Mason explains in clear and irrefutable terms what is going on � largely below the surface of our daily or weekly news bulletins. The picture he paints is stark, and yet it is not bleak. Being forewarned, we are forearmed, and he draws on his own extensive political experience to describe how much we can do as individuals, and above all collectively, not merely to avert crisis but to engineer thoroughgoing change that can usher in genuinely sustainable and valuable alternatives to the way we live now.Trade Review'This is a bold, thought-provoking and ultimately rewarding book, well-researched, full of ideas - and thus a good, all-round primer on the state of the planet' BBC Wildlife 'An impressive tour of our current world: from sexual slavery to sailing ships, from malaria to microcredits, from nanotechnology to neopaganism, all the horrors and promises of our troubled Zeitgeist seem to be reflected here' Resurgence 'Is this a book you can afford to ignore? ... only the foolhardy would surely dare leave it unread on the shelf' International Affairs 'Mason, a former Australian senator, writes a narrative that is that is carefully researched and sober, and he actually offers some suggestions as to what to do about it' Steve Poole, Guardian 'Here you have a well-informed and realistic analysis and a blueprint for action.' Network Review, The Scientific and Medical NetworkTable of ContentsPART I: IS THERE A CRISIS? * The Drivers * Running Out of Fuel: The Coming Energy Crunch * Population and Poverty * Climate: How Long to Tipping Point? * Is There Enough Food and Water? * One World? * The Fourth Horseman * PART II: DIRECTIONS * Which Way Science? * In the Genes: New Plants - and People? * The Values of the Sea * Multinationals: Good Business or Bad? * The Trouble with Money * PART III: UPGRADING THE INDIVIDUAL * The Pursuit of Happiness * Love, Family and Freedom * Habitat: The Dilemma of the Cities * Making Education Work * Health and Wealth * Religion: The Cement of Society? * PART IV: THE NEW SOCIETY? * The Mechanics of Change * Automation and Employment * Travelling Less? * Working Online * The Information Overload * The Toxic Culture * Running the Show * Getting the World We Want *

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Book Synopsis Although anthropologists and cultural geographers have explored “place” in various senses, little cross-cultural examination of “kinds of place,” or ecotopes, has been presented from an ethno-ecological perspective. In this volume, indigenous and local understandings of landscape are investigated in order to better understand how human communities relate to their terrestrial and aquatic resources. The contributors go beyond the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) literature and offer valuable insights on ecology and on land and resources management, emphasizing the perception of landscape above the level of species and their folk classification. Focusing on the ways traditional people perceive and manage land and biotic resources within diverse regional and cultural settings, the contributors address theoretical issues and present case studies from North America, Mexico, Amazonia, tropical Asia, Africa and Europe.Trade Review “Despite the diversity of approaches, the various papers are well structured, with numerous cross-references that make it possible to appreciate the general development of the subject… I found this book very interesting, although very specialised. It is particularly suited to an academic audience; in particular, ethnobotanists, anthropologists, and geographers. But, the book can be also appreciated by all those interested in the interaction between man and the environment.” · International Journal of Environmental Studies “This edited collection gives an important and thought provoking overview of recent debates and work united under the rubric of cultural landscape research. The eleven substantive case studies, taken primarily from indigenous societies across North and South America, each provide a strong argument for questioning or better specifying definitions on the meaning of place for various societies…a suggestive collection that I would recommend highly.” · Anthropos “[The editors] have brought together many of the most innovative thinkers and field workers to ponder how local communities make sense of the landscapes in which they live, and upon which they depend. This volume is rich with insights about how cultures perceive the spaces, landforms and habitats which nourish them.” · Gary Paul Nabhan, PhD., author, Singing the Turtles to Sea and Cultures of Habitat “This landmark volume is bound to become a theoretical touchstone and wellspring for assessing the unity and diversity of human conceptualizations of landscape. It deftly combines a rigorous review of cross-cultural theories of landscape perception and classification with richly-detailed ethnographic examples of landscape ethnoecology.” · Thomas F. Thornton, School of Geography and Environment, University of OxfordTable of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Chapter 1. Introduction Leslie Main Johnson and Eugene S. Hunn PART I: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES Chapter 2. Towards a Theory of Landscape Ethnoecological Classification Eugene S. Hunn and Brien A. Meilleur Chapter 3. Ethnophysiography of Arid Lands: Categories for Landscape Features David M. Mark, Andrew G. Turk and David Stea PART II: LANDSCAPE CLASSIFICATION - OF ECOTYPES, BIOTYPES, LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS AND FOREST TYPES Chapter 4. Landscape perception, classification and use among Sahelian Fulani in Burkina Faso (West-Africa) Julia Krohmer Chapter 5. Baniwa Habitat Classification in the White-Sand Campinarana Forests of the Northwest Amazon Marcia Barbosa Abraão, João Cláudio Baniwa, Bruce W. Nelson, Geraldo Andrello, Douglas W. Yu and Glenn H. Shepard Jr. Chapter 6. Why aren’t the Nuaulu like the Matsigenka? Knowledge and categorization of forest diversity on Seram, eastern Indonesia Roy Ellen Chapter 7. The cultural significance of the habitat mañaco taco to the Maijuna of the Peruvian Amazon Michael P. Gilmore, Sebastián Ríos Ochoa and Samuel Ríos Flores Chapter 8. The structure and role of folk ecological knowledge in Les Allues, Savoie (France) Brien Meilleur Chapter 9. Life on the Ice: Understanding the Codes of a Changing Environment Claudio Aporta PART III: LINKAGES AND MEANINGS - OF LANDSCAPES AND CULTURAL LANDSCAPES Chapter 10. Visions of the Land - Kaska Ethnoecology, “Kinds of Place” and “Cultural Landscape” Leslie Main Johnson Chapter 11. Journeying and Remembering: Anishinaabe Landscape Ethnoecology from Northwestern Ontario Iain Davidson-Hunt and Fikret Berkes Chapter 12. What's In a Word? Southern Paiute Place Names as Keys to Environmental Perception Catherine S. Fowler Chapter 13. Managing Maya Landscapes: Quintana Roo, Mexico E. N. Anderson PART IV: CONCLUSIONS Chapter 14. Landscape Ethnoecology - Reflections Leslie Main Johnson and Eugene S. Hunn Notes on Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisFor most post-conflict countries, the transition to peace is daunting. In countries with high-value natural resources – including oil, gas, diamonds, other minerals, and timber –the stakes are unusually high and peacebuilding is especially challenging. Resource-rich post-conflict countries face both unique problems and opportunities. They enter peacebuilding with an advantage that distinguishes them from other war-torn societies: access to natural resources that can yield substantial revenues for alleviating poverty, compensating victims, creating jobs, and rebuilding the country and the economy. Evidence shows, however, that this opportunity is often wasted. Resource-rich countries do not have a better record in sustaining peace. In fact, resource-related conflicts are more likely to relapse. Focusing on the relationship between high-value natural resources and peacebuilding in post-conflict settings, this book identifies opportunities and strategies for converting resource revenues to a peaceful future. Its thirty chapters draw on the experiences of forty-one researchers and practitioners – as well as the broader literature – and cover a range of key issues, including resource extraction, revenue sharing and allocation, and institution building. The book provides a concise theoretical and practical framework that policy makers, researchers, practitioners, and students can use to understand and address the complex interplay between the management of high-value resources and peace.High-Value Natural Resources and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding is part of a global initiative led by the Environmental Law Institute (ELI), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the University of Tokyo, and McGill University to identify and analyze lessons in natural resource management and post-conflict peacebuilding. The project has generated six edited books of case studies and analyses, with contributions from practitioners, policy makers, and researchers. Other books in the series address land; water; livelihoods; assessing and restoring natural resources; and governance.Table of Contents1.High-value natural resources: A blessing or a curse for peace? Päivi Lujala and Siri Aas Rustad Part 1: Introduction 2.Bankrupting peace spoilers: Can peacekeepers curtail belligerents’ access to resource revenues? Philippe Le Billon 3.Mitigating risks and realizing opportunities: Environmental and social standards for foreign direct investment in high-value natural resources Jill Shankleman 4.Reopening and developing mines in post-conflict settings: The challenge of company-community relations Volker Boege and Daniel M. Franks 5.Diamonds in war, diamonds for peace: Diamond sector management and kimberlite mining in Sierra Leone Kazumi Kawamoto 6.Assigned corporate social responsibility in a rentier state: The case of Angola Arne Wiig and Ivar Kolstad Part 2: Commodity and revenue tracking Introduction 7.The Kimberley Process at ten: Reflections on a decade of efforts to end the trade in conflict diamonds J. Andrew Grant 8. The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme: A model negotiation? Clive Wright 9.The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme: The primary safeguard for the diamond industry Andrew Bone 10.A more formal engagement: A constructive critique of certification as a means of preventing conflict and building peace Harrison Mitchell 11.Addressing the roots of Liberia’s conflict through the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Eddie Rich and T. Negbalee Warner 12.Excluding illegal timber and improving forest governance: The European Union’s Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade initiative Duncan Brack Part 3: Revenue distribution Introduction 13.Sharing natural resource wealth during war-to-peace transitions Achim Wennmann 14.Horizontal inequality, decentralizing the distribution of natural resource revenues, and peace Michael L. Ross, Päivi Lujala, and Siri Aas Rustad 15.The Diamond Area Community Development Fund: Micropolitics and community-led development in post-war Sierra Leone Roy Maconachie 16.Direct distribution of natural resource revenues as a policy for peacebuilding Martin E. Sandbu Part 4: Allocation and institution building Introduction 17.High-value natural resources, development, and conflict: Channels of causation Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler 18.Petroleum blues: The political economy of resources and conflict in Chad John A. Gould and Matthew S. Winters 19.Forest resources and peacebuilding: Preliminary lessons from Liberia and Sierra Leone Michael D. Beevers 20.An inescapable curse? Resource management, violent conflict, and peacebuilding in the Niger Delta Annegret Mähler 21.The legal framework for managing oil in post-conflict Iraq: A pattern of abuse and violence over natural resources Mishkat Al Moumin 22.The capitalist civil peace: Some theory and empirical evidence Indra de Soysa Part 5: Livelihoods introduction 23.Counternarcotics efforts and Afghan poppy farmers: Finding the right approach David M. Catarious Jr. and Alison Russell 24. The Janus nature of opium poppy: A view from the field Adam Pain 25.Peace through sustainable forest management in Asia: The USAID Forest Conflict Initiative Jennifer Wallace and Ken Conca 26.Women in the artisanal and small-scale mining sector of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Karen Hayes and Rachel Perks 27.Forest user groups and peacebuilding in Nepal Binod Chapagain and Tina Sanio 28.Lurking beneath the surface: Oil, environmental degradation, and armed conflict in Sudan Luke A. Patey

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Book SynopsisSustaining and strengthening local livelihoods is one of the most fundamental challenges faced by post-conflict countries. By degrading the natural resources that are essential to livelihoods and by significantly hindering access to those resources, conflict can wreak havoc on the ability of war-torn populations to survive and recover. This book explores how natural resource management initiatives in more than twenty countries and territories have supported livelihoods and facilitated post-conflict peacebuilding. Case studies and analyses identify lessons and opportunities for the more effective design of interventions to support the livelihoods that depend on natural resources – from land to agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and protected areas. The book also explores larger questions about how to structure livelihoods assistance as part of a coherent, integrated approach to post-conflict redevelopment. Livelihoods and Natural Resources in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding is part of a global initiative to identify and analyze lessons in post-conflict peacebuilding and natural resource management. The project has generated six books of case studies and analyses, with contributions from practitioners, policy makers, and researchers. Other books in this series address high value resources, land, water, assessing and restoring natural resources, and governance.Trade Review"This book is an excellent compendium of such conflicts, their contexts, and innovative ways for peace-building in policy and practice." - Paula Hanasz, Asia and the Pacific Policy Society Table of ContentsForeword Introduction: Helping Post-conflict Communities Survive and Thrive Part 1: Natural Resource Conflicts, Livelihoods, and Peacebuilding Approaches Introduction 1. Social Identity, Natural Resources, and Peacebuilding 2. Swords into Ploughshares? Access to Natural Resources and Securing Agricultural Livelihoods in Rural Afghanistan 3.Forest Resources in Cambodia’s Transition to Peace: Lessons for Peacebuilding 4. Post-tsunami Aceh: Successful Peacemaking, Uncertain Peacebuilding 5. Manufacturing Peace in "No Man’s Land": Livestock and Access to Resources in the Karimojong Cluster of Kenya and Uganda 6. Resolving Natural Resource Conflicts to Help Prevent War: A Case from Afghanistan Part 2: Innovative Livelihoods Approaches in Post-conflict Settings Introduction 7. The Opportunities and Challenges of Protected Areas for Post-conflict Peacebuilding 8. A Peace Park in the Balkans:Cross-border Cooperation and Livelihood Creation through Coordinated Environmental Conservation 9. Mountain Gorilla Ecotourism: Supporting Macroeconomic Growth and Providing Local Livelihoods 10. The Interface between Natural Resources and Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration: Enhancing Human Security in Post-conflict Settings 11. Demobilized Combatants as Park Rangers: Post-conflict Natural Resource Management in Gorongosa National Park 12. Utilizing Alternative Livelihood Schemes to Solve Conflict Problems in Sierra Leone’s Artisanal Diamond Mining Industry 13. Linking to Peace: Using BioTrade for Biodiversity Conservation and Peacebuilding in Colombia Part 3: The Institutional and Policy Context Introduction 14. Fisheries Policies and the Problem of Instituting Sustainable Management: The Case of Occupied Japan 15. Developing Capacity for Natural Resource Management in Afghanistan: Process, Challenges and Lessons Learned by UNEP 16. Building Resilience in Rural Livelihood Systems as an Investment in Conflict Prevention 17. Improving Natural Resource Governance and Building Peace and Stability in Mindanao, Philippines 18. Commerce in the Chaos: Charcoal, Bananas, Fisheries, and Conflict in Somalia Part 4: Lessons Learned 19. Managing Natural Resources for Livelihoods in Post-conflict Societies: Lessons Learned

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Book SynopsisWhen the guns are silenced, those who have survived armed conflict need food, water, shelter, the means to earn a living, and the promise of safety and a return to civil order. Meeting these needs while sustaining peace requires more than simply having governmental structures in place; it requires good governance.Natural resources are essential to sustaining people and peace in post-conflict countries, but governance failures often jeopardize such efforts. This book examines the theory, practice, and often surprising realities of post-conflict governance, natural resource management, and peacebuilding in fifty conflict-affected countries and territories. It includes thirty-nine chapters written by more than seventy researchers, diplomats, military personnel, and practitioners from governmental, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental organizations. The book highlights the mutually reinforcing relationship between natural resource management and good governance. Natural resource management is crucial to rebuilding governance and the rule of law, combating corruption, improving transparency and accountability, engaging disenfranchised populations, and building confidence after conflict. At the same time, good governance is essential for ensuring that natural resource management can meet immediate needs for post-conflict stability and development, while simultaneously laying the foundation for a sustainable peace. Drawing on analyses of the close relationship between governance and natural resource management, the book explores lessons from past conflicts and ongoing reconstruction efforts; illustrates how those lessons may be applied to the formulation and implementation of more effective governance initiatives; and presents an emerging theoretical and practical framework for policy makers, researchers, practitioners, and students.Governance, Natural Resources, and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding is part of a global initiative to identify and analyze lessons in post-conflict peacebuilding and natural resource management. The project has generated six books of case studies and analyses, with contributions from practitioners, policy makers, and researchers. Other books in this series address high-value resources, land, water, livelihoods, and assessing and restoring natural resources.Table of ContentsPart 1: Introduction – Humility in the Face of Complexity Introduction. The Role of Natural Resource Management in Reducing the Risk of Conflict Recurrence. Part 2: Awareness – Assessment and Evaluation Introduction. How the Use of Economic Analysis of Environmental Degradation. Can Influence Policy Processes: Experience from Rwanda. Thinking Back-End: Improving Post-Conflict Analysis by Emphasizing Consultation and Scenario Development. Evaluating the Contribution of External Support in Post-Conflict Situations: From Early Recovery to Sustainable Development Part 3: Governance Interventions Introduction. Good Governance - Introduction. The Role of Environmental Law in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding. Natural Resources, Corruption, and Post-Conflict Transitions. Stopping the Plundering of Natural Resources for Sustainable Peace in Côte d'Ivoire. Sartor Resartus: Reviewing Concession Reviews – Recent Liberian Experience and the Prospects for Effective Internationalized Solutions. Early Action Fund for Resolving Local Disputes over Natural Resources. Institutions-Introduction. Environmental Experiences and Developments within UN Department of Field Support and Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Bumps in the Road toward Effective Peacekeeping: Lessons from Sierra Leone and Democratic Republic of Congo. Reducing the Environmental Boot Print of the Military in Peace Operations. Military - military Engagement on Environment and Natural Disasters: Lessons Learned for Post-Conflict Peacebuilding. Review of UNEP Post-Conflict Assessment Experiences. UN Peacebuilding Commission. Taking the Gun out of Natural Resource Exploitation. Mitigating Natural Resource Conflicts through Development Projects: Some Lessons from World Bank Experience. Non-Governmental and Local Institutions. Introduction - Natural Resources and Peacebuilding: The Role of the Private Sector. Legal Pluralism in the Post Conflict Environment: Problem or Opportunity for Natural Resource Management? The Role of Conservation in Promoting Sustainability and Security in at-risk Communities. Marginalized Populations. Introduction - Strengthening Post-Conflict Peacebuilding through Natural Resource Management – A Gender Perspective. Indigenous Peoples, Natural Resources, and Peacebuilding in Colombia Part 4: Cross-Cutting Issues Introduction. Before the Peace/Preparing for Peace. Preparing for Peace – A Case Study of Darfur, Sudan. Stepping Stones to Peace? Natural Resource Provisions in Peace Agreements. Challenges of Snow Leopard Diplomacy: The Pamirs Transboundary Peace Park. Considerations on When to Include Natural Resources in Peace Agreements. Situating NRM within other Post-Conflict Priorities. 'Green' Peace in Aceh?: Consolidating Peace through the 'Aceh Green' Strategy. Environment and NRM: Interweaving Post-Conflict Humanitarian and Development Response. Conservation as Democracy in Afghanistan. Transition, Justice, and Accountability. Building Momentum and Constituencies for Peace: The Role of Natural Resources in Transitional Justice and Peacebuilding. Peace through Justice?: International Tribunals and Accountability for Wartime Environmental Damage. The United Nations Compensation Commission and the 1990-1991 Gulf War: The Role of Natural Resources in International Reconciliation (Iraq/Kuwait). Some Reflections on the UNCC Experience. Confidence Building through NRM. Paving the Way: The Role of the Central American Commission for Environment and Development (CCAD) in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding through Environmental Governance. Perú and Ecuador 'Peace Parks': A Decade after the Peace Settlement Part 5: Emerging Issues and Conclusions Climate Change and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding Strengthening. Post-Conflict Governance and Rule of Law through Natural Resource Management. Appendices

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Book SynopsisResilience has become an important topic on the safety research agenda and in organizational practice. Most empirical work on resilience has been descriptive, identifying characteristics of work and organizing activity which allow organizations to cope with unexpected situations. Fewer studies have developed testable models and theories that can be used to support interventions aiming to increase resilience and improve safety. In addition, the absent integration of different system levels from individuals, teams, organizations, regulatory bodies, and policy level in theory and practice imply that mechanisms through which resilience is linked across complex systems are not yet well understood. Scientific efforts have been made to develop constructs and models that present relationships; however, these cannot be characterized as sufficient for theory building. There is a need for taking a broader look at resilience practices as a foundation for developing a theoretical framework that can help improve safety in complex systems. This book does not advocate for one definition or one field of research when talking about resilience; it does not assume that the use of resilience concepts is necessarily positive for safety. We encourage a broad approach, seeking inspiration across different scientific and practical domains for the purpose of further developing resilience at a theoretical and an operational level of relevance for different high-risk industries. The aim of the book is twofold: 1. To explore different approaches for operationalization of resilience across scientific disciplines and system levels. 2. To create a theoretical foundation for a resilience framework across scientific disciplines and system levels. By presenting chapters from leading international authors representing different research disciplines and practical fields we develop suggestions and inspiration for the research community and practitioners in high-risk industries.This book is Open Access under a CC-BY licence. Table of ContentsExploring resilience – an introduction, by Siri Wiig and Babette Fahlbruch.- Resilience, reliability, safety: multilevel research challenges, by Jean-Christophe Le Coze.- Moments of resilience: time, space and the organisation of safety in complex sociotechnical systems, by Carl Macrae.- Resilience engineering as a quality improvement method in Healthcare, by Janet E. Anderson, A. J. Ross, J. Back, M. Duncan and P. Jaye.- Resilience and Essential Public Infrastructure, by Michael Baram.- Human performance, levels of service and system resilience, by Miltos Kyriakidis and Vinh N. Dang.- Precursor resilience in practice – an organizational response to weak signals, by Kenneth Pettersen Gould.- Leadership in resilient organizations, by Gudela Grote.- Modelling the influence of safety management tools on resilience, by Teemu Reiman and Kaupo Viitanen.- Resilient characteristics as described in empirical studies on health Care, by Siv Hilde Berg and Karina Aase.- Resilience from the United Nations Standpoint: The Challenges of “Vagueness”, by Leah R. Kimber.- Building resilience in humanitarian hospital programs during protracted conflicts: opportunities and limitations, by Ingrid Tjoflåt and Britt Sætre Hansen.- Exploring Resilience at Interconnected System Levels in Air Traffic Management, by Rogier Woltjer.- Resilience in healthcare: a modified stakeholder analysis, by Mary Chambers and Marianne Storm.- Resilience: From Practice to Theory and Back Again, by Carl Macrae and Siri Wiig.

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Book SynopsisRebuilding the Earth highlights humanity’s interdependence with the planet’s ecosystems. Today, these ecosystems are seriously degraded, compromising future security and opportunity. It is essential that we set about rebuilding the metaphorical ‘ark’ of nature upon which our future prospects depend. Central to this book are several case studies of regenerative approaches drawn from every continent on the planet. These approaches are founded on restoration and protection of ecosystems – water and soil, forests, marine and coastal resources, urban infrastructure, farming practices and in corporate supply chains. Rebuilding the Earth is above all optimistic about the daunting challenges facing global society. It is about culture change, addressing the necessity of and the means for putting nature and people back into the heart of societal thinking, policy and action. It advocates for sustainable development in its deepest green sense, but also pragmatically framed in social, technological, governance and economic contexts. The concluding message is “Yes, we can!” Table of ContentsPart 1: Introduction.Part 2: Nature’s sinking ark.Part 3: Rebuilding the ark.Part 4: Our conjoined future.Part 5: A systemic decision-support framework.Epilogue: Rebuilding the ark – Yes, we can!.

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Book SynopsisNorthern Tanzania is an important and diverse ecological and cultural region with many protected lands. This book, Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania, brings to the forefront research on significant issues and developments in conservation and management in national parks and protected lands in northern Tanzania. The book draws attention to issues at the intersection of conservation, tourism, and community livelihood, and several studies use geospatial technologies—Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing data and techniques—to study land use and land cover conversion. With contributions from professors at the Mweka College of African Wildlife Management located at the foot of Mount Kilimanjaro and other Tanzanian researchers, the book provides important perspectives of local experts and practitioners. Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania provides a significant contribution in research and technological advancement in the areas of wildlife conservation and protected land management throughout this critical region.Table of ContentsChapter 1: “Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania: An Introduction” Jeffrey O. Durrant, Leslie Hadfield, Emanuel Martin, Perry Hardin, Ryan Jensen SECTION I: “Communities and Management Challenges” Edited by: Jeffrey O. Durrant and Leslie Hadfield Chapter 2: “A Geography of Protected Areas” Jeffrey O. Durrant, Brigham Young University Chapter 3: “Conservation Governance in Northern Tanzania: Implications for Conservation and Community Livelihood” Alex Kisingo, Mweka College of African Wildlife Management Chapter 4: “Wilderness Skills Offering to Students” Kokel Melubo, Mweka College of African Wildlife Management Chapter 5: “Hunting in Tanzania: Opportunities and Challenges” Henry Njovu, Mweka College of African Wildlife Management Chapter 6: “Tourism Supply System” Masuruli Baker, Mweka College of African Wildlife Management Chapter 7: “Response of Cavity Breeding Birds on Shortage of Deadwood Outside Protected Areas” Hamadi I. Dulle, Mweka College of African Wildlife Management Chapter 8: “Historical Change in Porter Work on Kilimanjaro” Leslie Hadfield, Brigham Young University SECTION II: Geospatial Technologies, Land Cover, and Conservation in Northern Tanzania Edited by: Emanuel Martin, Ryan Jensen, and Perry Hardin Chapter 9: “Land Cover Change in the Kwakuchinga Wildlife Corridor” Emanuel Martin, Mweka College of African Wildlife Management, Perry Hardin, and Ryan Jensen, Brigham Young University Chapter 10: “Mkomazi National Park Vegetation Dynamics” Glory Sumaye and Emanuel Stephen, Tanzanian National Parks (TANAPA), Emanuel Martin, Mweka College of African Wildlife Management. Chapter 11: “Spatiotemporal Patterns of Giraffe Poaching Around Arusha National Park” Philipo Malley, Fredrick Malisa, Mweka College of African Wildlife Management, Ryan Jensen, Brigham Young University Chapter 12: “Community Forestry in Northern Tanzania” Neema Kinabo, Mweka College of African Wildlife Management Chapter 13: “Illegal Logging in Arusha National Park” Philipo Malley, Mweka College of African Wildlife Management Chapter 14: “Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania: The Way Forward” Jeffrey Durrant, Leslie Hadfield, Emanuel Martin, Perry Hardin, Ryan Jensen

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Book SynopsisThis book delivers the present state-of-the-art of scientific characteristics of the unique Ciomadul volcano (Romania, East-Central Europe) from as many aspects as possible.. Multidisciplinary research results obtained on this geologically young volcanic complex are presented to a wider audience (geologists, volcanologists, botanists, archaeologists, historians and teachers). Moreover, the book provides information at a general level for interested laypersons and decision-makers. The first part of the book, after summarizing the research history of Ciomadul, presents the details of the volcanism and related topics (volcanology, geology, landscape evolution, minerals, post-volcanic activity and spa culture) in eight chapters; the second part deals with the palaeo-environmental issues of the larger area, along with human history, in nine chapters.Table of ContentsForeword (Dávid Karátson) Acknowledgements (Dávid Karátson, Daniel Veres, Ralf Gertisser, Enikő Magyari, Csaba Jánosi, Ulrich Hambach) Part I 1 History of Research: Geoscientific Exploration of Ciomadul Hills (Csaba Jánosi, Dávid Karátson, Ferenc Wanek) 2 Introduction to the Tectonic Evolution of the South-East Carpathians (Liviu Matenco) 3 Evolution of the Ciomadul Volcanic Field – Lava Domes and Explosive Eruptions (Dávid Karátson, Daniel Veres, Pierre Lahitte, Tamás Telbisz, Sabine Wulf, Ralf Gertisser, Stéphane Dibacto, Enikő Magyari, Ágnes Novothny, Csaba Jánosi) 4 Petrology of Ciomadul volcano: the rock record (Alexandru Szakács, Ágnes Gál) 5 Gone with the Wind: Dispersal of Ciomadul Tephra (Sabine Wulf, Daniel Veres, Ralf Gertisser, Ulrich Hambach, Enikő K. Magyari, Dávid Karátson) 6 Paleogeography of Syn- and Post-Eruptive Landscape Evolution around Ciomadul (Daniel Veres, Dávid Karátson, Sabine Wulf, Ulrich Hambach, Ágnes Novothny, Ralf Gertisser, Enikő Magyari6, Frank Lehmkuhl) 7 Ciomadul Volcano: Dormant or Extinct? (Alexandru Szakács) 8 Minerals, Mofettas, Mineral Waters and Spa Culture at Ciomadul (Csaba Jánosi, Sándor Szakáll, Boglárka-Mercédesz Kis, Ferenc Kristály, Szabolcs Harangi, Éva Péter) Part II 9 Paleoenvironmental Changes during the Last Glacial Period in the Ciomadul Hills (Enikő Magyari, Ildikó Vincze, Mónika Tóth, Katalin Hubay, Daniel Veres, Aritina Hialiuc, Mihály Molnár, Gusztáv Jakab, Mihály Braun, Frank Schäbitz, István Máthé, Krisztina Buczkó) 10 Limnological Changes in Lake Sf. Ana (Krisztina Buczkó, János Korponai, István Máthé, Gusztáv Jakab, Mónika Tóth, Mihály Braun, Éva Ács, Dávid Karátson, Enikő Magyari) 11 Vegetation History and Human Impact in the Ciomadul Area during the Holocene (Ioan Tanţău1, Roxana Grindean2, Enikő Magyari) 12 Hydroclimate Variability and Pollution History of the Mohoș Peatbog (Jack Longman, Daniel Veres, Aritina Haliuc, Vasile Ersek) 13 Modern Flora and Fauna of the Ciomadul Region (Zoltán-Róbert Para, Krisztina Tóth) 14 The Paleolithic in the Karst Aarea of Vârghiș (Vargyas) Gorges (Marian Cosac, Daniel Veres, Loredana Niţă, George Murătoreanu, ştefan Vasile, Valentin Dumitraşcu, Alexandru Petculescu, Dan Lucian Buzea) 15 Prehistory of the Ciomadul Region from the Neolithic to the Late Iron Age (Sándor-József Sztáncsuj, József Puskás) 16 Migration period and Medieval History of the Ciomadul Region (István Botár) 17 Landscape History, Land Use, and Tourism of the Ciomadul–Balvanyos Region (Ágnes Herzeg, Levente Dósa, Péter Szmolka)

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Book SynopsisThis book will serve as a ready reckoner of contemporary information regarding municipal solid waste landfill biomining, treatment of landfill leachate and heavy metals in a single platform. The academicians, researchers, and students at master’s and doctoral levels will be able to understand the current trends in municipal solid waste landfill operations, which will help in augmenting their research. Construction of new landfills requires huge monetary investments, which can be avoided if old landfills were bio-mined for resources and the space can be re-used as new landfills. Landfill leachate is a hazardous waste which needs proper treatment that could generate value-added products such as clean energy and biofertilizers. In this book, each chapter would provide the background, methodology, and relevant calculations for sustaining landfill operations. Also, the case studies based on best practices in municipal solid waste landfilling are discussed in this book.Table of ContentsSeries Editors' ForewordPrefaceChapter 1. Solid waste management and landfill in high-income countries (Debananda Roy, Abhrajyoti Tarafdar)Chapter 2. Landfill mining: significance, operation and global perspectives (Ali Zoungrana et al)Chapter 3. Open dumps and circular economy: Assessing landfill mining potential, benefits and challenges for Indian dumpsites (Ayush Singh et al)Chapter 4. Environmental issues due to open dumping and landfilling (Mohammad I. Al-Wabel et al)Chapter 5. Molecular tools- A future perspective approach for monitoring landfill leachates and validating bioremediation process (Immanuel Suresh J and M.S. Sri Janani)Chapter 6. An Overview of Physicochemical and Biological Treatment of Landfill Leachate (MD Tanvir Hasnine et al)Chapter 7. Advancements in operation of bioreactor landfills for enhanced biodegradation of municipal solid waste (Abhishek N Srivastava et al)Chapter 8. Anaerobic co-digestion of landfill leachate with other feedstocks (N. Anand et al)Chapter 9. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation enrichment to enhance landfill leachate treatment (S. Sri Shalini and Kurian Joseph)Chapter 10. Valorization of inert solid waste from landfill activities (Tejaswini MSSR et al)Chapter 11. Biomined and Fresh Municipal Solid Waste as Sources of Refuse Derived Fuel (Atun Roy Choudhury et al)Chapter 12. Recovery of Metal Values by Treating the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Ashes (Sadia Ilyas et al)

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Book SynopsisThis open access book provides a comprehensive overview of volcanic crisis research, the goal being to establish ways of successfully applying volcanology in practice and to identify areas that need to be addressed for future progress. It shows how volcano crises are managed in practice, and helps to establish best practices. Consequently the book brings together authors from all over the globe who work with volcanoes, ranging from observatory volcanologists, disaster practitioners and government officials to NGO-based and government practitioners to address three key aspects of volcanic crises. First, the book explores the unique nature of volcanic hazards, which makes them a particularly challenging threat to forecast and manage, due in part to their varying spatial and temporal characteristics. Second, it presents lessons learned on how to best manage volcanic events based on a number of crises that have shaped our understanding of volcanic hazards and crises management. Third, it discusses the diverse and wide-ranging aspects of communication involved in crises, which merge old practices and new technologies to accommodate an increasingly challenging and globalised world. The information and insights presented here are essential to tapping established knowledge, moving towards more robust volcanic crises management, and understanding how the volcanic world is perceived from a range of standpoints and contexts around the globe.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Observing the volcanic world.- PART I Adapting Warnings for Volcanic Hazards.- Volcano Alert Level Systems: Designing a system for New Zealand’s differing scales of volcanic eruptions.- Challenges in developing volcano early warning systems.- Lahar warnings: acoustic flow monitors in North and South America.- Volcanic ashfall and impact on the ground.- Volcanic ash and aviation.- Volcanic gases: silent killers.- Hydrothermal Activity: explosive tourism in Iceland and Yellowstone.- Pyroclastic flows and attempting mitigation.- Lava flows.- PART II Observing Volcanic Crises.- Long Valley: lessons learnt from the volcano that never erupted – building relationships.- An emerging perspective: Colombia’s learning curve and regional perspectives.- The eruptions of Rabaul Volcano, Papua New Guinea – self-warning.- Indonesia: integrating the social and physical perspectives in mitigation policy and practice.- Japan: linking science, volcano warnings with public actions (Unzen).- Communicating a warning effectively to the public.- Equador: dealing with false alarms and volcanic activity over time.- Pinatubo: then and now – a review of the management of Pinatubo from 1991 to present.- Montserrat: developing risk maps and alert levels in a complex social context.- Tourists, locals and volcanoes – a challenge for effective management in the Canaries.- PART III Communicating into the Future.- Communication methods from the past: drawing from lessons learnt.- Passing on volcanic communication in oral tales: Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Papua New Guinea.- Communicating in geopolitically sensitive contexts: volcanoes and security.- Hazard perception, communication and quantitative exposure levels at Turrialba volcano, Costa Rica; Implications for policy and practice.- Managing volcanic communication: different scales, times, and spaces.- The role of the expert – expert solicitation and its application.- Statistics: application in volcanic communication and management in Italy.- Participatory approaches to engage and communicate with local populations.- Role of performance and volcanic art in communications.- Multi-national collaborations: working beyond boarders in Russia and Alaska.- Emerging issues of standardising volcano early warning systems.- Technologies in making warnings more effective: GIS, Remote sensing.- Role of social media and networking in volcanic crises.- Concluding statement: lessons learnt and steps forward.

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Book SynopsisThis book targets the issue of water scarcity in Egypt as a typical example of the world water crisis. Today, the available water resource is facing its limit because of rapid increase in water demand as a result of population growth and changes in peoples’ life-style. The basic idea to solve the problem of water scarcity is that the irrigation sector, the biggest user of water, should increase water use efficiency. However, the real problem is how this can be achieved in view of the crucial need for water in this sector. This book addresses this challenge through case studies from the Nile delta in Egypt. The water problem in the Nile delta, the major source for water in Egypt, is discussed in this book from all its various aspects. This book covers the situation before and after the advent of the Aswan High Dam, so that the reader understands the entire development. Another special feature are the extensive and scientific descriptions of contemporary topics in water and agriculture, especially from the viewpoint of water saving and sustainability. These descriptions are based on field experiments and surveys in a six-year international research project. Topics of this book are local, but their implications are global.Table of ContentsCountry Profile.- Hydrology of the Nile and Ancient Agriculture.- Control of the Nile’s Flow: The Introduction of Perennial Irrigation for Modern Agriculture.- Egyptian Irrigation after the Aswan High Dam.- Soil and Agriculture after the Aswan High Dam.- Irrigation Methods and Water Requirements in the Nile delta.- Water and salt movement in soils of the Nile Delta.- Water Management in the Nile Delta.- Agricultural Production –Cultivation Techniques and Farming.- Irrigation Water Management and Livelihood System of Farm Households: A Case Study of Improved and Unimproved Irrigation System Areas in the Northern Delta.- Challenges in Exploiting Resources-General Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisFlowers in a Thorn Tree is the story of wildlife conservation in Northern Kenya. Over three years, Thackston made several trips to Kenya, whereupon he would imbed with ranger units of the Northern Rangelands Trust. They’re known as the Warriors for Peace and Wildlife. He lived off a troop-carrier. He would patrol, eat and sleep with the rangers, photographing them as they chased poachers, murderers, and as they worked within the pastoral communities. In this regard, the book is very much an “On the Road,” book. The aim of the photographer is to show and let the pictures tell, in a nonlinear and organic manner. NRT rangers work both on and off of their respective conservancies (there are 5 ranger groups, the 9-1 through the 9-5 sprinkled throughout northern Kenya.) Amongst the pastoral peoples, they have contacts who tell them about the movements of animal herds and potential poaching rings. They also work as peacekeepers within these communities with the idea that a happy and stable community is less likely to feel the need to poach an endangered animal. The mission to change the hearts and minds of the pastoral people regarding the treatment of endangered animals, is instilled within the ranks of the ranger units. The elephants and rhinos that appear in this book are all rescue animals or live on conservancies. They would probably not be alive without the efforts of men, particularly the rangers who populate my book. The rangers believe in their work. This group of humble men have one of the most important jobs in the world and they are succeeding. That’s good for you and me and our families.

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Book SynopsisThis volume summarises the materials presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Sea-Dumped Chemical Munitions, held in Kaliningrad (Moscow Region), Russia, in January 1995. The conference was sponsored by the NATO Division of Scientific and Environmental Affairs in the framework of its outreach programme to develop co-operation between NATO member countries and the Cooperation Partner countries in the area of disarmament technologies. The problem of the ecological threat posed by chemical weapons (CW) dumped in the seas after the Second World War deserves considerable international attention: the amount of these weapons, many of them having been captured from the German Army, is assessed at more than three times as much as the total chemical arsenals reported by the United States and Russia. They were disposed of in the shallow depths of North European seas - areas of active fishing - in close proximity to densely populated coastlines, with no consideration of the long-term consequences. The highly toxic material have time and again showed up, for instance when retrieved occasionally in the fishing nets, attracting local media coverage only. Nevertheless, this issue has not yet been given adequate and comprehensive scientific analysis, the sea-disposed munitions are not covered by either the Chemical Weapons Convention or other arms control treaties. In fact, the problem has been neglected for a long time on the international level. Only recently were official data made available by the countries which admitted conducting dumping operations.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Final Document. Welcoming Address; Mikhail Gorbachev. 2. Contributing Papers. 2.1: General. War Gases and Ammunition in the Polish Economic Zone of the Baltic Sea; E. Andrulewicz. Pre-Convention Liquidation of Soviet Chemical Weapons; L.A. Fedorov. Chemical `Echo' of the Wars; A.V. Fokin, K.K. Babievsky. Special Study on the Sea Disposal of Chemical Munitions by the United States; M.J. Frondorf. Investigation of a Dumping Area in the Skagerrak, 1992; P.O. Granbom. Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons and the Chemical Weapons Convention; T. Stock. How to Save the Baltics from Ecological Disaster; B.T. Surikov. 2.2: Technological Aspects. Unexploded Ordnance Devices: Detection, Recovery and Disposal; R. Häber, J. Hedtmann. The Technological Problems with Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons from the Standpoint of Defence Conversion Industries; V.N. Konkov. Technological Questions of Safe Elimination of CW Dumps on the Baltic Sea Bed; L.P. Malyshev. Application of Anti-Filtering Coatings for Localisation of Toxic Warfare Chemicals in the Baltic Sea Area; V.G. Plotnikov, et al. Chemical-Analytical Control of Environmental Pollution by Warfare Agents and their Degradation Products; Yu.I. Savin, et al. 2.3: Chemical Aspects. Chemical Weapons on the Seabed; G.V. Lisichkin. Reaction Products of Chemical Agents by Thermodynamic Calculations; F. Volk. Bacterial Biodegradation of Nitrate Ester Explosives; G.F. White, et al. Chemical Weapons Dumping and White Sea Contamination. Index.

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Book SynopsisIsland on Edge follows up on The Great Nicobar Betrayal in an equally sharp and punchy fashion, covering new grounds to investigate the pitfalls of the Great Nicobar megaproject.

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Book SynopsisChina has promised to achieve carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. To achieve this goal, the country must implement necessary reforms and focus on innovation in areas of economics and finance. This book explores main challenges that China may face in achieving green and low-carbon development, analyzes green and low-carbon related issues from the economic perspective and proposes countermeasures as required. The book further helps readers understand China's progress in protecting its environment, achieving sustainable development, facilitating green investments and in being a green economy.

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Book SynopsisThe history of Alaska is filled with stories of new land and new riches -- and ever present are new people with competing views over how the valuable resources should be used: Russians exploiting a fur empire; explorers checking rival advances; prospectors stampeding to the clarion call of Gold!; soldiers battling out a decisive chapter in world war; oil wildcatters looking for a different kind of mineral wealth; and always at the core of these disputes is the question of how the land is to be used and by whom.While some want Alaska to remain static, others are in the vanguard of change. Alaska: Saga of a Bold Land shows that there are no easy answers on either side and that Alaska will always be crossing the next frontier.

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Book SynopsisThe story of the proposed - and ultimately thwarted - building of a dam, nearly 50 years ago in Arizona, which would have destroyed wildlife, flooded archaeological sites and forced the Havapai Indians off their ancestral home. It is also a study of rationality as a cultural, organisational and political construct.

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Book SynopsisIn recent years, the concept of peak oil-the moment when global oil production peaks and a train of economic, social, and political catastrophes accompany its subsequent decline-has captured the imagination of a surprisingly large number of Americans, ordinary citizens as well as scholars, and created a quiet, yet intense underground movement. In Peak Oil, Matthew Schneider-Mayerson takes readers deep inside the world of peakists, showing how their hopes and fears about the postcarbon future led them to prepare for the social breakdown they foresee-all of which are fervently discussed and debated via websites, online forums, videos, and novels. By exploring the worldview of peakists, and the unexpected way that the fear of peak oil and climate change transformed many members of this left-leaning group into survivalists, Schneider-Mayerson builds a larger analysis of the rise of libertarianism, the role of oil in modern life, the political impact of digital technologies, the racial and

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Book SynopsisDeforestation - the thinning and clearing of forests for fuel, shelter, and agriculture - is among the important ways humans have transformed the environment. This book presents the history of this process and its consequences. It traces the impact of human activities from the Paleolithic age through the classical world and the medieval period.Trade Review"Anyone who doubts the power of history to inform the present should read this closely argued and sweeping survey. This is rich, timely, and sobering historical fare written in a measured, non-sensationalist style by a master of his craft. One only hopes (almost certainly vainly) that today's policymakers take its lessons to heart." - Brian Fagan, Los Angeles Times "The most comprehensive account ever written of when, where, and how humans have wrought what is surely the most dramatic change in Earth's surface since the end of the Pleistocene.... The book is not simply about deforestation but about every aspect of human use of the forest and the forces that drive this use." - Brian Donahue, Science"

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Book SynopsisRivers are alive and impulsive, shaped by history and geology. Just One Rain Away provides a starting point for cross-cultural discussions about how expert knowledge and practice should inform egalitarian decision-making about flood control and decolonize current ways of thinking, being, and becoming with rivers.Trade Review“A fascinating, lively, and intimate portrait of a complex technical issue, Just One Rain Away evokes the complexity of flood control through a sprawling appreciation of geology, politics, technology, and metrology, as well as ethnography and literature. Ambitious and impressive, both the technical rigour and the imaginative scope of materials and descriptions makes this a major achievement.” Kregg Hetherington, author of The Government of Beans: Regulating Life in the Age of Monocrops“This book provides an apt starting point for those who wish to better understand these pressing issues, and perhaps even move toward the decolonization of flood control itself.” International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Altogether, Spawning Modern Fish succeeds resoundingly in its intentions...Because it addresses so many audiences effectively, Swanson’s study will help us realize one of multispecies ethnography’s hopes and promises. We can think with salmon toward how new, better, and more just relations among uneven arrangements of humans and nonhumans might be built." * H-Environment *

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Altogether, Spawning Modern Fish succeeds resoundingly in its intentions...Because it addresses so many audiences effectively, Swanson’s study will help us realize one of multispecies ethnography’s hopes and promises. We can think with salmon toward how new, better, and more just relations among uneven arrangements of humans and nonhumans might be built." * H-Environment *

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Book Synopsis"Superbly reported and written with clarity, insight, and great skill." —Washington Post Book WorldTrade Review"A hard-nosed, clear-eyed, tough-minded dispatch on the sort of contentious subject that is almost always distorted by ideology or obscured by a fog of sentiment . . . . A precise and brave book." -- Hal Espen - New York Times Book Review

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Book SynopsisNow fully revised, this second edition of Wind Energy Explained: Theory, Design and Application builds on its highly successful predecessor, now the leading textbook for wind energy degree courses.Table of ContentsAbout the Authors ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii 1 Introduction: Modern Wind Energy and its Origins 1 1.1 Modern Wind Turbines 2 1.2 History of Wind Energy 10 References 21 2 Wind Characteristics and Resources 23 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 General Characteristics of the Wind Resource 24 2.3 Characteristics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer 36 2.4 Wind Data Analysis and Resource Estimation 53 2.5 Wind Turbine Energy Production Estimates Using Statistical Techniques 63 2.6 Regional Wind Resource Assessment 65 2.7 Wind Prediction and Forecasting 72 2.8 Wind Measurement and Instrumentation 74 2.9 Advanced Topics 84 References 87 3 Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines 91 3.1 General Overview 91 3.2 One-dimensional Momentum Theory and the Betz Limit 92 3.3 Ideal Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine with Wake Rotation 96 3.4 Airfoils and General Concepts of Aerodynamics 101 3.5 Blade Design for Modern Wind Turbines 115 3.6 Momentum Theory and Blade Element Theory 117 3.7 Blade Shape for Ideal Rotor without Wake Rotation 121 3.8 General Rotor Blade Shape Performance Prediction 124 3.9 Blade Shape for Optimum Rotor with Wake Rotation 131 3.10 Generalized Rotor Design Procedure 133 3.11 Simplified HAWT Rotor Performance Calculation Procedure 138 3.12 Effect of Drag and Blade Number on Optimum Performance 139 3.13 Computational and Aerodynamic Issues in Aerodynamic Design 141 3.14 Aerodynamics of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines 145 References 153 4 Mechanics and Dynamics 157 4.1 Background 157 4.2 Wind Turbine Loads 158 4.3 General Principles of Mechanics 161 4.4 Wind Turbine Rotor Dynamics 172 4.5 Methods for Modeling Wind Turbine Structural Response 200 References 202 5 Electrical Aspects of Wind Turbines 205 5.1 Overview 205 5.2 Basic Concepts of Electrical Power 206 5.3 Power Transformers 217 5.4 Electrical Machines 219 5.5 Power Converters 237 5.6 Electrical Aspects of Variable-Speed Wind Turbines 246 5.7 Ancillary Electrical Equipment 253 References 255 6 Wind Turbine Materials and Components 257 6.1 Overview 257 6.2 Material Fatigue 257 6.3 Wind Turbine Materials 266 6.4 Machine Elements 270 6.5 Principal Wind Turbine Components 276 References 308 7 Wind Turbine Design and Testing 311 7.1 Overview 311 7.2 Design Procedure 312 7.3 Wind Turbine Topologies 316 7.4 Wind Turbine Standards, Technical Specifications, and Certification 322 7.5 Wind Turbine Design Loads 325 7.6 Load Scaling Relations 333 7.7 Power Curve Prediction 336 7.8 Computer Codes for Wind Turbine Design 340 7.9 Design Evaluation 345 7.10 Wind Turbine and Component Testing 346 References 355 8 Wind Turbine Control 359 8.1 Introduction 359 8.2 Overview of Wind Turbine Control Systems 364 8.3 Typical Grid-connected Turbine Operation 370 8.4 Supervisory Control Overview and Implementation 374 8.5 Dynamic Control Theory and Implementation 382 References 404 9 Wind Turbine Siting, System Design, and Integration 407 9.1 General Overview 407 9.2 Wind Turbine Siting 408 9.3 Installation and Operation Issues 416 9.4 Wind Farms 419 9.5 Wind Turbines and Wind Farms in Electrical Grids 433 References 446 10 Wind Energy Applications 449 10.1 General Overview 449 10.2 Distributed Generation 450 10.3 Hybrid Power Systems 450 10.4 Offshore Wind Energy 461 10.5 Operation in Severe Climates 478 10.6 Special Purpose Applications 480 10.7 Energy Storage 489 10.8 Fuel Production 497 References 501 11 Wind Energy System Economics 505 11.1 Introduction 505 11.2 Overview of Economic Assessment of Wind Energy Systems 506 11.3 Capital Costs of Wind Energy Systems 511 11.4 Operation and Maintenance Costs 519 11.5 Value of Wind Energy 521 11.6 Economic Analysis Methods 530 11.7 Wind Energy Market Considerations 539 References 543 12 Wind Energy Systems: Environmental Aspects and Impacts 547 12.1 Introduction 547 12.2 Avian/Bat Interaction with Wind Turbines 549 12.3 Visual Impact of Wind Turbines 556 12.4 Wind Turbine Noise 561 12.5 Electromagnetic Interference Effects 573 12.6 Land-Use Environmental Impacts 582 12.7 Other Environmental Considerations 585 References 589 Appendix A Nomenclature 593 A.1 Note on Nomenclature and Units 593 A.2 Chapter 2 593 A.3 Chapter 3 595 A.4 Chapter 4 597 A.5 Chapter 5 601 A.6 Chapter 6 604 A.7 Chapter 7 606 A.8 Chapter 8 607 A.9 Chapter 9 608 A.10 Chapter 10 610 A.11 Chapter 11 612 A.12 Chapter 12 613 A.13 Abbreviations 614 Appendix B Problems 617 B.1 Problem Solving 617 B.2 Chapter 2 Problems 617 B.3 Chapter 3 Problems 621 B.4 Chapter 4 Problems 628 B.5 Chapter 5 Problems 632 B.6 Chapter 6 Problems 637 B.7 Chapter 7 Problems 639 B.8 Chapter 8 Problems 642 B.9 Chapter 9 Problems 647 B.10 Chapter 10 Problems 652 B.11 Chapter 11 Problems 656 B.12 Chapter 12 Problems 658 Appendix C Data Analysis and Data Synthesis 661 C.1 Overview 661 C.2 Data Analysis 661 C.3 Data Synthesis 671 References 675 Index 677

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Book SynopsisThis book is intended for use by natural resource managers and scientists, and students in the fields of natural resource management, ecology, and conservation biology, who are confronted with complex and difficult decision making problems. The book takes readers through the process of developing a structured approach to decision making, by firstly deconstructing decisions into component parts, which are each fully analyzed and then reassembled to form a working decision model. The book integrates common-sense ideas about problem definitions, such as the need for decisions to be driven by explicit objectives, with sophisticated approaches for modeling decision influence and incorporating feedback from monitoring programs into decision making via adaptive management. Numerous worked examples are provided for illustration, along with detailed case studies illustrating the authors' experience in applying structured approaches. There is also a series of detailed technical appendices. AnTrade Review“An easily readable and coherent account, this book has a definite role on the shelf (and its outline content in the minds) of conservation decision-makers and advisors.” (African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 1 October 2015) “This is one of the best resources on structured decision-making I have found – specifically tailored for those working in or studying in the fields of ecology, NRM, land management and conservation biology.” (Ecological Management & Restoration, 20 January 2015) “I highly recommend this book to resource managers, scientists, students, and anyone who faces difficult, complex, or uncertain decisions that would benefit from adopting a structured approach to decision making.” (The Journal of Wildlife Management, 8 November 2013) “I highly recommend the very results oriented and working model based book Decision Making in Natural Resource Management: A Structured, Adaptive Approach by Michael J. Conroy and James T. Peterson, to any natural resource managers, scientists, government policy makers, business leaders, conservation groups, and students of natural resource management, ecology, and conservation biology who are seeking a complete guide to structured and effective decision making in the area of natural resource management. This book will guide leaders toward better decisions, through a more integrated examination of the real problems to find viable and effective solutions.” (Blog Business World, 5 April 2013) Table of ContentsList of boxes xi Preface xiii Acknowledgements xiv Guide to using this book xv Companion website xvii PART I. INTRODUCTION TO DECISION MAKING 1 1 Introduction: Why a Structured Approach in Natural Resources? 3 The role of decision making in natural resource management 4 Common mistakes in framing decisions 5 What is structured decision making (SDM)? 6 Why should we use a structured approach to decision making? 7 Limitations of the structured approach to decision making 8 Adaptive resource management 9 Summary 10 References 10 2 Elements of Structured Decision Making 13 First steps: defining the decision problem 13 General procedures for structured decision making 15 Predictive modeling: linking decisions to objectives prospectively 17 Uncertainty and how it affects decision making 18 Dealing with uncertainty in decision making 21 Summary 23 References 23 3 Identifying and Quantifying Objectives in Natural Resource Management 24 Identifying objectives 24 Identifying fundamental and means objectives 25 Clarifying objectives 28 Separating objectives from science 29 Barriers to creative decision making 30 Types of fundamental objectives 32 Identifying decision alternatives 34 Quantifying objectives 38 Dealing with multiple objectives 38 Multi-attribute valuation 41 Utility functions 43 Other approaches 50 Additional considerations 52 Decision, objectives, and predictive modeling 55 References 55 4 Working with Stakeholders in Natural Resource Management 57 Stakeholders and natural resource decision making 57 Stakeholder analysis 59 Stakeholder governance 62 Working with stakeholders 68 Characteristics of good facilitators 68 Getting at stakeholder values 71 Stakeholder meetings 72 The first workshop 74 References 76 Additional reading 76 PART II. TOOLS FOR DECISION MAKING AND ANALYSIS 77 5 Statistics and Decision Making 79 Basic statistical ideas and terminology 80 Using data in statistical models for description and prediction 100 Linear models 104 Hierarchical models 116 Bayesian inference 129 Resampling and simulation methods 140 Statistical significance 145 References 146 Additional reading 146 6 Modeling the Influence of Decisions 147 Structuring decisions 147 Influence diagrams 148 Frequent mistakes when structuring decisions 153 Defining node states 157 Decision trees 159 Solving a decision model 160 Conditional independence and modularity 164 Parameterizing decision models 165 Elicitation of expert judgment 179 Quantifying uncertainty in expert judgment 188 Group elicitation 189 The care and handling of experts 190 References 191 Additional reading 191 7 Identifying and Reducing Uncertainty in Decision Making 192 Types of uncertainty 192 Irreducible uncertainty 193 Reducible uncertainty 194 Effects of uncertainty on decision making 197 Sensitivity analysis 203 Value of information 217 Reducing uncertainty 220 References 230 Additional reading 231 8 Methods for Obtaining Optimal Decisions 232 Overview of optimization 233 Factors affecting optimization 234 Multiple attribute objectives and constrained optimization 239 Dynamic decisions 246 Optimization under uncertainty 249 Analysis of the decision problem 253 Suboptimal decisions and “satisficing” 256 Other problems 257 Summary 258 References 258 PART III. APPLICATIONS 261 9 Case Studies 263 Case study 1 Adaptive Harvest Management of American Black Ducks 263 Case study 2 Management of Water Resources in the Southeastern US 276 Case study 3 Regulation of Largemouth Bass Sport Fishery in Georgia 284 Summary 291 References 291 10 Summary, Lessons Learned, and Recommendations 294 Summary 294 Lessons learned 294 Structured decision making for Hector’s Dolphin conservation 295 Landowner incentives for conservation of early successional habitats in Georgia 298 Cahaba shiner 299 Other lessons 303 References 304 PART IV. APPENDICES 307 Appendix A Probability and Distributional Relationships 309 Probability axioms 309 Conditional probability 309 Conditional independence 310 Expected value of random variables 311 Law of total probability 311 Bayes’ theorem 312 Distribution moments 313 Sample moments 316 Additional reading 316 Appendix B Common Statistical Distributions 317 General distribution characteristics 317 Continuous distributions 320 Discrete distributions 329 Reference 338 Additional Reading 338 Appendix C Methods for Statistical Estimation 339 General principles of estimation 339 Method of moments 342 Least squares 343 Maximum likelihood 346 Bayesian approaches 353 References 372 Appendix D Parsimony, Prediction, and Multi-Model Inference 373 General approaches to multi-model inference 373 Multi-model inference and model averaging 376 Multi-model Bayesian inference 380 References 383 Appendix E Mathematical Approaches to Optimization 384 Review of general optimization principles 385 Classical programming 392 Nonlinear programming 397 Linear programming 399 Dynamic decision problems 402 Decision making under structural uncertainty 419 Generalizations of Markov decision processes 427 Heuristic methods 427 References 429 Appendix F Guide to Software 430 Appendix G Electronic Companion to Book 432 Glossary 433 Index 449

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Book SynopsisConsidering peatlands as a whole ecosystem, Peatland Systems and Environmental Change provides a unique, timely look at the consequences of the functioning of peatlands to the paleoenvironmental record, carbon cycling, and conservation issues.Trade Review"...an ideal introduction to peatlands..." (Journal of Soils &Sediments, Vol.2, No.3, 2002) "...a welcome and timely addition..." (Land Degradation andDevelopment, November/December 2002) "...a comprehensive summary of peatland science...it willbroaden specialists' and students' knowledge..." (InternationalJournal of Environment Studies, Vol.60, No.2, 2003) "...certainly a book that should be on the shelves of allpeatland researchers..." (Environmental Conservation, Vol.30,No.1, 2003) ...."Overall, this is an outstanding book. Peatlands and Environmental Change is very highlyrecommended both for personal and library use, and should be on arange of reading lists...." (The Holocene,July 2003) ..."All in all this is a very good and well produced book.... and will become a widely cited reference text ..." (EarthSurface Processes & Landforms, Spetember 2003)Table of ContentsPreface and acknowledgements ix Part 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Peat and Peatlands 3 1.1 Introduction: wetlands and peatlands 3 1.2 Peat and peatland definitions and terminology 3 1.3 Scientific classification systems 5 1.4 Fens and bogs: a key concept 6 1.5 Hydromorphological peatland classification 7 1.6 Mire distribution 15 1.7 Summary 23 Chapter 2 Peat Landforms and Structure 24 2.1 Introduction: peat landforms 24 2.2 Landform development: form, process and time 24 2.3 Description of peat landforms 26 2.4 Landform survey techniques 28 2.5 Peat landform survey: an example from Scotland 32 2.6 Hydrology and peat landforms: the groundwater mound hypothesis 35 2.7 Summary 38 Part 2 Peat land Processes 39 Chapter 3 Peatland Hydrology and Ecology 41 3.1 Introduction 41 3.2 Hydrology and water balance 41 3.3 Water movement within peatlands 43 3.4 Outflows 44 3.5 Hydrochemistry 51 3.6 Chemical processes within peatlands 53 3.7 Ecology and ecohydrology 57 3.8 Limiting factors for plants and animals 57 3.9 Environmental gradients 60 3.10 Summary 72 Chapter 4 Origins and PeatInitiation 73 4.1 Introduction: time and peat growth 73 4.2 Frameworks for peat growth 73 4.3 Pathways to peal growth: terrestrialisation and paludification 74 4.4 Evidence for the origins of peatlands 74 4.5 Examples of peat initiation 80 4.6 Blanket mire initiation in the British Isles 80 4.7 Causes of paludification in other mires 84 4.8 Human impact as a cause of peat growth in other peatlands 86 4.9 Tropical peat initiation 87 4.10 Beavers and peat initiation 90 4.11 Summary 91 Chapter 5 Peat Accumulation 92 5.1 Introduction 92 5.2 Peatland cycles one peat accumulation 92 5.3 Productivity 94 5.4 Decay 100 5.5 Models of peat accumulation 104 5.6 Variability in long-term accumulation rates 110 5.7 Summary 113 Part 3 Changes in Peat lands 115 Chapter 6 The Peatland Archive Palaeoenvironmental Evidence 117 6.1 Introduction 117 6.2 The range of evidence and some general principles 117 6.3 Reasons for Palaeoenvironmental studies on peatlands 120 6.4 Measuring time peatland chronologies 121 6.5 Survey and stratigraphy 129 6.6 Biological evidence of past changes 130 6.7 Physical and chemical characteristics 137 6.8 Multi-proxy approaches 141 6.9 Summary 141 Chapter 7 Autogenic Change 143 7.1 Introduction: long-term change 143 7.2 Autogenic anti allogenic causes of change 143 7.3 Hydroseral succession 145 7.4 Reversals and other successions 149 7.5 Processes of terrestrialisation and the transition to bog peat 150 7.6 Lateral expansion and the development of peal land landscapes 153 7.7 ‘Mature’ peatlands and erosion 155 7.8 Cyclic regeneration 156 7.9 Pattern development 156 7.10 Plant-mediated changes 161 7.11 Physical processes in cold climate peatlands 164 7.12 Summary 165 Chapter 8 Allogenic Change 166 8.1 Introduction 166 8.2 Climate 166 8.3 Fire 169 8.4 Hydrological factors 173 8.5 Volcanic influences 175 8.6 Climate reconstruction from peat 176 8.7 Summary 133 Chapter 9 Peatland-Environment Feedbacks 184 9.1 Introduction 184 9.2 Catchment hydrology 184 9.3 Water quality 186 9.4 Peatlands and global climate 192 9.5 Carbon budgets and gas exchange 194 9.6 Impacts of management and climate change on carbon cycling 198 9.7 Summary 203 Part 4 Resource Management 205 Chapter 10 Values Exploitation and Human Impacts 207 10.1 Introduction: peatland values 207 10.2 Economic values mid exploitation 207 10.3 Wildlife conservation values 209 10.4 Functional values 210 10.5 Value to society 210 10.6 Conservation and ‘wise use’ of peatlands 210 10.7 Impacts of recent human disturbance: drainage as a key process 212 10.8 Peat extraction 214 10.9 Forestry 219 10.10 Agricultural reclamation 225 10.11 Effects of fragmentation 225 10.12 Pollution 227 10.13 Recreation and other disturbance 229 10.14 Long-term anthropogenic disturbance 229 10.15 Summary 230 Chapter 11 Conservation Management and Restoration 231 11.1 Introduction 231 11.2 Naturalness disturbance and conservation 231 11.3 Management options for disturbed peatlands 233 11.4 Semi-natural peatlands habitat management 234 11.5 Restoration and rehabilitation 242 11.6 Restoration of cutover ombrotrophic mires 244 11.7 Restoring other damaged systems 253 11.8 The future for peatlands in the twenty-first century 255 References 258 Index 289

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Book SynopsisA compilation of concepts, biological relationships and procedures used to organize forested landscapes for combinations of goods, services and effects.Table of ContentsPeople and Landscape Forestry. Operational Definitions. Management of Forested Landscapes. Craggy Mountain Forested Landscape. Design of Management Models. Construction of Core Models. Construction of Supplementary Models. Fuelwood, Timber, and Cash Flow. Principles and Theorems. Landscape Forestry and Carbon. An Endangered Species. Landscape Forestry and Public Policy. Emerging Consumer Demands. Appendix. References. Index.

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Book Synopsis"an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain.Table of ContentsPreface viii Chapter One Wilderness and the American West 1 Chapter Two History and Management of Wilderness 20 Chapter Three Ecosystem Management and Beyond 35 Chapter Four What About Native Americans and Their Lands 52 Chapter Five Why Not See Off America’s Wildlands? 72 Chapter Six How Does the American Public Want Wilderness Managed? 91 Chapter Seven Wilderness and the Communities of the American West 104 Chapter Eight Wilderness and Economies of the Old and New West 123 Chapter Nine “It’s My West, Not Yours” 143 Chapter Ten Future Directions for Wilderness 173 Notes 195 Index 215

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Book SynopsisWith the decline in rural population from forty percent at the turn of the century, to about 4 percent now, many small towns have been virtually depopulated. However, some communities are planning and taking action to assure their development in sustainable ways.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: RURAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: FRAMEWORKS AND UNDERPINNINGS. Rural Sustainable Development: A Postmodern Alternative (I.Audirac). Sustainable Community Development: A Systems Approach (D. Chiras& J. Herman). RURAL DIVERSITY AND DIVERSITY OF APPROACHES TO COMMUNITYSUSTAINABILITY. Still Life on the Plains: Strategies for Sustainable Communities(J. Luther). Community-Based Workshops: Building a Partnership for CommunityVitality (J. Segedy). ASSESSING THE ALTERNATIVES. Greenways, Trails, and Rural Sustainability (E. Starnes, etal.). Economic Analysis of Leaf Management Alternatives for LocalGovernment (D. Derr & P. Dhillon). About the Authors. Index.

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Book SynopsisWith the establishment of new international standards for environmental management systems (EMS), many managers are faced with the daunting and often bewildering task of creating management systems that enable their companies to conform to these standards. In their haste and confusion, however, many companies implement bureaucratic, ineffective systems that add no real value to their businesses. The ISO 14001 Implementation Guide: Creating an Integrated Management System shows you how to use the ISO 14001 standard to improve your company''s productivity and profitability while meeting registration requirements. Using a practical, business-oriented approach, this authoritative book details the background and development of the ISO 14000 series of standards, fully explains the requirements of 14001, and offers hands-on guidance on how to implement an effective EMS. It highlights common but costly mistakes, and leads you step-by-step through the creation of an EMS that will resulTable of ContentsPartial table of contents: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND. Introduction to Integrated Management Systems. ISO 14000 and Environmental Management Systems. Introducing ISO 14001. POLICY AND PLANNING. Environmental Policy. Environmental Aspects. Legal and Other Requirements. Environmental Management Program. IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION. Structure and Responsibility. Training, Awareness, and Competence. Environmental Management System Documentation. Operational Control. CHECKING AND CORRECTIVE ACTION. Monitoring and Measurement. Records. Environmental Management System Audit. GETTING STARTED. Strategic Planning. Choosing a Registrar. Implementing Integrated Management Systems. References. Appendix. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers forest mensuration--the process of counting, measuring, and estimating the economic value of a stand of trees. This process also involves measuring non-timber, landscape values such as soils, wildlife habitat, and hydrology.Table of ContentsCONTEXT. Landscape Components. ABIOTIC ENVIRONMENT. Geology. Soil. Climate. Hydrology. BIOTIC RESOURCES. Vegetative Community. Forest Overstory. Wildlife Resources. SOCIAL CONTEXT. Legal and Regulatory Environment. Recreation and Aesthetics. Prehistoric and Historic Land Use. INTEGRATION AND SYNTHESIS. Geographic Information Systems. Integrated Environmental Assessment. SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION. Basic Statistical Sampling Methods. Appendices. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive exploration of the effects of fires--in forests and other environments--on soils, watersheds, vegetation, air and cultural resources.Table of ContentsFIRE DYNAMICS. Combustion Processes and Heat Transfer. Fuels and Fire Behavior. SOIL REPONSES. Soil Resource. Physical Soil System. Chemical Soil System. Biological Soil System. RESPONSES OF OTHER RESOURCES. Water. Vegetation. Wetlands and Riparian Ecosystems. Air. Cultural Resources. MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS. Economic Considerations. Fire in Ecosystem Management. Index.

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Book SynopsisAn in-depth look at the most promising technology for metal remediation. With current cleanup methodologies offering no real solution to the serious environmental implications of toxic metal contamination, there is a growing need among remediation professionals for effective, affordable, nonpolluting alternatives to energy-intensive engineering processes. This book presents one such promising alternative-the extraordinary new technology of phytoremediation. Through first-rate contributions from the top scientists in the field, Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals surveys worldwide pioneering efforts in the use of plants to treat contamination of such metals as lead, cadmium, chromium, and even radionuclides. The authors explore all major aspects of the technology-how it utilizes the metal-accumulating properties of selected or engineered plants to remove toxic metals from soils and water, how to transfer knowledge from the laboratory to the field, and what methods are mosTrade Review"For those who have an interest in the domain of plant adaptation to environmental constraints...this book has undoubtedly to be on the shelf, and for those who simply have some scientific and technologic curiosity, the book will give them a clear overview..." (Plant Science, Vol. 160, No. 5, 2001) "This collection of technical papers explores various aspects of phytoremediation: the use of plants to remove contaminants from the soil." (Industry and Environment, Vol. 23, no. 1-2, January-June 2000) "Fifteen contributions survey efforts in the use of plants to treat soil and water contaminated with such metals as lead, cadmium, chromium, and radionuclides." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 24, No. 4, December 2000) "..a good contribution to the raising literature on phytoremediation"(Ecotoxicology, Vol 9, 2000) "...a useful introduction to this technology...I strongly recommend this volume to scientists interested in alternatives to energy-intensive engineering processes for the remediation of water and soil." (Microchemical Journal, Vol. 69, 2001)Table of ContentsWhy Use Phytoremediation? (B. Ensley). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND GREEN PLANTS. Phytoremediation's Economic Potential (D. Glass). Phytoremediation and Public Acceptance (R. Tucker & J. Shaw). Regulatory Considerations for Phytoremediation (S. Rock & P. Sayre). TECHNOLOGIES FOR METAL PHYTOREMEDIATION. Phytoextraction of Metals (M. Baylock & J. Huang). Phytostabilization of Metals (S. Cunningham & W. Berti). Phytofiltration of Metals (Y. Kapulnik & S. Dushenkov). The Use of Plants for the Treatment of Radionuclide (M. Negri & R. Hinchman). Photostabilization of Metals Using Hybrid Poplar Trees (J. Schnoor). Phytoreduction of Environmental Mercury Pollution (C. Rugh, et al.). The Physiology and Biochemistry of Selenium Volatilization By Plants (M. de Souza, et al.). BIOLOGY OF METAL PHYTOREMEDIATION. Metal Accumulating Plants (R. Reeves & A. Baker). Mechanisms of Metal Hyperaccumulation in Plants (D. Salt & U. Kramer). Mechanisms of Metal Resistance: Phytochelatins and Metalothioneins (C. Cobbett & P. Goldsborough). Molecular Mechanisms of Ion Transport in Plant Cells (M. Guerinot).

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Book SynopsisThe phenomenal growth in Internet traffic has lead to a huge increase in demand for data transmission capacity on a worldwide level. As a result, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology emerged, which makes it possible to transmit a large number of optical channels on a single optical fiber.Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. 1 Introduction. 2 Fundamental Laser Diode Characteristics. 2.1 Optical Gain in Semiconductors. 2.2 Semiconductor Heterostructures. 2.2.1 Carrier Confinement. 2.2.2 Optical Confinement. 2.2.3 Material Systems. 2.3 Waveguiding and Transverse Laser Modes. 2.3.1 The Slab Waveguide. 2.3.2 Lateral Waveguiding. 2.4 Laser Structures. 2.5 The Fabry–Perot Laser. 2.6 The Rate Equations. 2.6.1 Stationary Solution of the Rate Equations. 2.6.2 Laser Spectrum and Side-Mode Suppression. 2.6.3 Small-Signal Modulation Behavior. 2.7 Quantum Well Laser Diodes. 3 Single-Mode Laser Diodes. 3.1 Mode Selectivity Requirements. 3.2 Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures. 3.2.1 Alternative Derivation of the Coupled-Mode Equations. 3.2.2 Solution of the Coupled-Mode Equations. 3.3 Distributed Bragg-Reflector Lasers. 3.3.1 Magnitude and Phase of Reflection. 3.3.2 Grating Shapes. 3.3.3 DBR Laser Structures. 3.4 Distributed-Feedback Lasers. 3.4.1 DFB Laser With Nonreflecting Facets. 3.4.2 DFB Lasers With Reflecting Facets. 3.4.3 Phase-Shifted and Gain-Coupled DFB Lasers. 3.5 Laser Fabrication and Tolerances. 3.5.1 Wavelength Dependence on Structural Parameters. 3.5.2 Thermal Properties under CW Operation. 3.6 Spectral Linewidth. 4 Basic Concepts of Tunable Laser Diodes. 4.1 Continuous, Discontinuous, and Quasicontinuous Tuning Schemes. 4.2 Tuning of Cavity Gain Characteristic. 4.3 Tuning of Comb-Mode Spectrum. 4.4 Simultaneous Tuning of Cavity Gain and Comb-Mode Spectrum. 4.5 Electronic Wavelength Control. 4.5.1 The Free-Carrier Plasma Effect. 4.5.2 The Quantum-Confined Stark Effect. 4.5.3 Thermal Tuning. 4.6 Integration Techniques. 4.7 Dynamic Behavior. 5 Wavelength-Tunable Single-Mode Laser Diodes. 5.1 Longitudinally Integrated Structures. 5.1.1 Two-Section DBR Laser. 5.1.2 Three-Section DBR Laser. 5.1.3 Multisection DFB Laser. 5.2 Transversely Integrated Structures. 5.2.1 Tunable Twin-Guide DFB Laser. 5.2.2 Striped Heater DFB Laser. 5.3 Integration Technology. 5.4 Physical Limitations on the Continuous Tuning Range. 5.5 Tuning Dynamics and Modulation. 6 Linewidth Broadening. 6.1 Injection–Recombination Shot Noise in the Tuning Region. 6.2 Impedance and Thermal Noise of Bias Source. 6.3 Spatial Correlation. 6.4 1/f Noise. 6.5 Fluctuations of Bias Source. 7 Widely Tunable Monolithic Laser Diodes. 7.1 The Vernier Effect. 7.2 DBR-type Laser Structures. 7.2.1 Sampled-Grating DBR Lasers. 7.2.2 Superstructure-Grating DBR Lasers. 7.2.3 Digital Supermode DBR Lasers. 7.2.4 Superimposed and Binary Gratings. 7.3 Interferometric Structures. 7.3.1 Lateral Integration: The Y-Laser. 7.3.2 Transverse Integration: The VMZ Laser. 7.4 Codirectionally Coupled Laser Diodes. 7.4.1 Theory for Codirectional Coupling. 7.4.2 Tuning and Mode Spacing. 7.4.3 Longitudinally Integrated Structures. 7.4.4 Transversely Integrated Structures. 7.5 Combination of Techniques. 7.5.1 The Grating-Coupled Sampled-Reflector Laser. 7.5.2 The Modulated-Grating Y-structure Laser. 7.6 Comparison of Widely Tunable Monolithic Laser Structures. 8 Practical Issues Related to Monolithic Tunable Laser Diodes. 8.1 Characterization and Control. 8.1.1 DFB and DBR Lasers. 8.1.2 Widely Tunable Lasers. 8.2 Wavelength Stability and Aging. 8.3 Modulation and Wavelength-Switching Dynamics. 8.3.1 Modulation and Transmission. 8.3.2 Wavelength Switching. 8.4 Monolithic Integration. 9 Related DWDM Sources. 9.1 External-Cavity Lasers. 9.1.1 External Grating and External Filter Cavities. 9.1.2 MEMS External Cavities. 9.1.3 Hybrid Structures. 9.2 Vertical-Cavity Lasers. 9.2.1 VCSEL Basics. 9.2.2 Tunable VCSELs. 9.3 Laser Arrays. 9.3.1 Multistripe Arrays. 9.3.2 Selectable Arrays. 9.3.3 DBR Arrays. 9.3.4 Phased Arrays. 9.4 Technology Summary. 9.5 Fiber and Waveguide Lasers. 9.6 Tunable Pulse Sources and Comb Generators. 10 Communications Applications and Requirements. 10.1 Wavelength Tunability. 10.1.1 Tuning Speed and Latency. 10.1.2 Tuning Continuity. 10.1.3 Tuning Uniformity. 10.1.4 Tuning Stability and Accuracy. 10.1.5 Other Design Considerations. 10.2 Functions and Components. 10.2.1 Tunable Transmitters and Transponders. 10.2.2 Tunable Wavelength Converters with Regeneration Capability. 10.2.3 Optical Wavelength Switches. 10.3 Communications Applications. 10.3.1 Point-to-Point Links and Networks. 10.3.2 Fixed-Wavelength Networks. 10.3.3 Reconfigurable Networks. 10.3.4 Optical-Protection Switching. 10.3.5 Optical-Burst Switching. 10.3.6 Photonic-Packet Switching. 11 Other Applications. 11.1 Optical Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Radar. 11.2 Optical Components Characterization. 11.3 Trace-Gas Sensing, Environmental Analysis, and Spectroscopy. 11.4 Heterodyne Techniques. 11.5 Optical Spectrum and Network Analysis. 11.6 Anemometry. Appendix A: Refractive Index of InGaAsP. Appendix B: The Slab Waveguide. Appendix C: Transfer Matrices. Appendix D: Thermal Response of a Laser Diode. D.1 Pulse Response in the Time Domain. D.2 Response in the Frequency Domain. Appendix E: Theory for General Reflectors. Appendix F: Codirectional Coupling. List of Symbols. List of Acronyms. Index. About the Authors.

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Book SynopsisWritten originally as a manual for the Federal Energy Commission to train regional rate regulators, this is a clear, comprehensive primer on the principles of economics and finance underlying the regulation of electricity markets and the deregulation of electricity generation.Trade Review"This training guide requires no familiarity with economics and uses a minimum of mathematics to provide power sector professionals with the tools to face change." (Business Horizons, September-October 2004) “...this collection is devoted tot he challenges that lie ahead in this area.” (Business Horizons, Vol. 47, No. 2, March/April 2004) "...a useful addition to the introductory literature on electricity market deregulation..." (The Journal of Energy Literature, Vol.1X, No.1, 2003) "...produced for...the thousands of professionals…who need to understand the underlying changes that are occurring...the value of this primer is that it covers many topics of regulatory economics...applicable to restructured electricity markets and introduces the reader to electricity markets..." (Energy Journal) "This book, sponsored by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, is really an economics tutorial. It could well be worth millions of dollars to the right industry niche players... I highly recommend this title for anyone playing in this niche financial and energy market." (Business Information Alert, Vol. 15, No. 9, October 2003) "…I would recommend this book for self-study for any engineer…" (IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, July/Aug 2003)Table of ContentsPreface. Nomenclature. Electricity Regulation and Deregulation. Electricity Economics. The Cost of Capital. Electricity Regulation. Competitive Electricity Markets. The California Power Sector (Ryan Wiser, et al.). The Norwegian and Nordic Power Sectors (Helle Grønli). The Spanish Power Sector. The Argentine Power Sector. Glossary. References. Author Index. Subject Index. About the Authors.

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Book SynopsisWetlands are crucial ecosystems that help filter a great number of toxicants out of the earth''s waters. They must be managed and occasionally even built from scratch, including all of the flora and fauna that grows there. Invertebrates play a key role in the wetland food chain. This comprehensive resource is the first dedicated solely to the ecology and management of invertebrates.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: MARSHES AND SWAMPS OF THE SOUTHEAST. The Florida Everglades: Natural Variability, Invertebrate Diversity, and Foodweb Stability (R. Rader). The Kissimmee River-Riparian Marsh Ecosystem, Florida: Seasonal Differences in Invertebrate Functional Feeding Group Relationships (R. Merritt, et al.). Carolina Bays: Ecology of Aquatic Invertebrates and Perspectives on Conservation (B. Taylor, et al.). Pitcher Plant Wetlands of the Southeastern United States: Arthropod Associates (D. Folkerts). WOODLAND PONDS, PEATLANDS, AND MARSHES OF THE NORTH AND NORTHEAST. Temporary Woodland Ponds in Michigan: Invertebrate Seasonal Patterns and Trophic Relationships (M. Higgins & R. Merritt). Constructed Marshes in Southeast Pennsylvania: Invertebrate Foodweb Structure (G. Fairchild, et al.). Canadian Springs: Postglacial Development of the Invertebrate Fauna (D. Williams & N. Williams). WETLANDS OF THE CENTRAL PRAIRIES AND MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN. Wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region: Invertebrate Species Composition, Ecology, and Management (N. Euliss, et al.). Prairie Wetlands of South-Central Minnesota: Effects of Drought on Invertebrate Communities (A. Hershey, et al.). WETLANDS OF THE WESTERN MOUNTAINS, DESERTS, AND VALLEYS. Wetlands of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks: Aquatic Invertebrate Diversity and Community Structure (W. Duffy). Agricultural Wetland Management for Conservation Goals: Invertebrates in California Ricelands (R. O'Malley). COASTAL FREASHWATER WETLANDS. Tidal Freashwater Wetlands: Invertebrate Diversity, Ecology, and Functional Significance (D. Yozzo & R. Diaz). A Prairie Coastal Wetland (Lake Manitoba's Delta Marsh): Organization of the Invertebrate Community (B. Hann). SYNTHESIS. Ecology of Wetland Invertebrates: Synthesis and Applications for Conservation and Management (S. Wissinger). Indexes.

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Book SynopsisPREPARE FOR THE PARTNERSHIPS OF THE FUTURE This invaluable guide through the complex but highly worthwhile partnering between public and private entities in developing and constructing a wide range of building projects offers objective, comprehensive information integral to both the public and private partners.Table of ContentsPublic/Private Development Partnerships and Other Methods toRealize Projects. Emergence of Public/Private Development Partnerships. Advantages and Disadvantages of Public/Private DevelopmentPartnerships. A Highly Integrated Process Is Required to Achieve SuccessfulPublic/Private Development Partnerships. The Role and Responsibilities of the Public Partners. Partnerships Can Be Customized to Meet the Objectives of BothPartners. Structuring Public/Private Finance Plans. The Developer Solicitation Process. The Precarious Future of Public/Private DevelopmentPartnerships. Eight Case Studies. Appendices. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisMonitoring Land Supply with Geographic Information Systems Theory, Practice, and Parcel-Based Approaches Monitoring the supply of buildable land and its capacity to accommodate growth within urbanizing regions is an increasingly important component of urban planning and growth management.Trade Review"This book has many strengths." (APA Journal, Autumn 2002)Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Contributors Introduction Anne Vernez Moudon and Michael Hubner Part I Overview 1. Current Land Monitoring Practices and Use of GIS: Challenges and Opportunities Anne Vernez Moudon and Michael Hubner 2. Elements of a General Framework for Land Supply and Capacity Monitoring Michael Hubner and Anne Vernez Moudon Part II Case Studies 3. Portland, Oregon: An Inventory Approach and its Implications for Database Design Lewis D. Hopkins and Gerrit J. Knaap Commentaries: Scott A. Bollens, George Rolfe 4. Montgomery County, Maryland: A Pioneer in Land Supply Monitoring David R. Godschalk Commentary: Lewis D. Hopkins 5. Central Puget Sound Region, Washington: Study of Industrial Land Supply and Demand Lori Peckol and Miles Erickson Commentaries: Scott A. Bollens, William Beyers Part III Thematic Issues 6. Method and Technical Practice in Land Supply and Capacity Monitoring Ric Vrana Commentaries: Frank Westerlund, Marina Alberti 7. Data Sharing and Organizational Issues Anne Vernez Moudon and Michael Hubner Commentary: Zorica Nedovic-Budic 8. Simulating Land Capacity at the Parcel Level Paul Waddell Commentaries: Nancy Tosta, Kenneth J. Dueker Conclusions Anne Vernez Moudon and Michael Hubner Appendix A: Survey of Land Supply Monitoring Practice Appendix B: Selected Case Summaries Appendix C: Interview Contacts Appendix D: May 1998 Seminar Participants Glossary of Terms and Acronyms General Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe latest cutting-edge research on flood pulsing and wetland restoration in North America Presenting the latest research from leaders in the field of restoration ecology, Flood Pulsing in Wetlands reflects the current movement to incorporate flood pulsing into wetland restoration efforts.Trade Review"Subsequent chapters of individual projects and the effect flood pulsing has had on each project's overall goals." (Hydro Review, January 2003) "This book provides pretty good information on the identification, distribution and environmental significance of more than 100 grasses, native and non-native." (Aquaphyte, (Summer 2003)Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. Chapter 1: The Flood Pulse Concept in Wetland Restoration (Beth A. Middleton). Chapter 2: Flood Pulses and Restoration of Riparian Vegetation in the American Southwest (Julie C. Stromberg and M. K. Chew). Flood Patterns and Riparian Vegetation in the Desert Southwest. Flood Pulses and Riparian Restoration. Conclusion. Chapter 3: The Role of the Flood Pulse in Ecosystem-Level Processes in Southwestern Riparian Forests: A Case Study From the Middle Rio Grande (Lisa M. Ellis, Clifford S. Crawford, and Manuel C. Molles Jr.). An Altered River: The Case of the Middle Rio Grande. Consequences of the Altered River: Some Obvious Problems. Research at Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge: Floods, Fire, and the Litter Connection. Fire: Its Relationship to Flooding and Litter Buildup. The Future: Restoration of the Flood Pulse. Chapter 4: The Role of the Flood Pulse in Maintaining Boltonia decurrens, a Fugitive Plant Species of the Illinois River Floodplain: A Case History of a Threatened Species (M. Smith and P. Mettler). The Flood Pulse and Boltonia Decurrens. Adaptations to Cyclical Flooding. Alteration of the Flood Pulse. Restoration of the Flood Pulse to the Illinois River Valley. Protection for B. decurrens Under the Endangered Species Act. Policies and Prospects for the Future. Chapter 5: Conservation and Restoration of Semiarid Riparian Forests: A Case Study from the Upper Missouri River, Montana (Michael L. Scott and Gregor T. Auble). Introduction. Riparian Forests in Dry Regions. The Upper Missouri River, Montana: A Case Study. Conclusions. Chapter 6: Implications of Reestablishing Prolonged FloodPulse Characteristics of the Kissimmee River and Floodplain Ecosystem (Louis A. Toth, Joseph W. Koebel Jr., Andrew G. Warne, and Joanne Chamberlain). Hydrogeomorphology of the Kissimmee River Basin. Flood Pulse Ecology. Restoration of the Flood Pulse. Restoration Expectations. Conclusions. Chapter 7: Flood Pulsing in the Regeneration and Maintenance of Species in Riverine Forested Wetlands of theSoutheastern United States (Beth A. Middleton). Hydrologic Reengineering of Forested Wetlands. Regeneration Problems for Plant Species on Floodplains with Altered Hydrology. Restoration Approaches. Index.

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Book SynopsisWritten for turf managers looking to reduce or eliminate their use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, this guide offers advice and practical steps for earth-conscious solutions to traditional fertilizers and pesticides.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments. Introduction. About the Author. Chapter 1. The Soil Ecosystem. Chapter 2. Fertility. Chapter 3. Compost. Chapter 4. Analysis. Chapter 5. Pests. Chapter 6. Cultural Practices. Chapter 7. Simplicity versus Stability. Sources and Resources. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisUses an innovative approach toward integrating biophysical and socioeconomical components into environmentally sound, sustainable forest management practices in dryland regions. Covers technical considerations in dryland forestry, agroforestry systems, rehabilitation of saline regions, investment and employment opportunities, forestry extension programs and much more.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF DRYLAND REGIONS. Livestock Production and Management of Grazing Lands. Watersheds and Management of Water Resources. Forestry. Investment, Employment, Income Generation. PLANNING AND ASSESSING FORESTRY PROJECTS, MULTIPLE USEMANAGEMENT. Planning. Assessing Forestry Projects. TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS. Nursery Operations and Improvement of Planting Stock. Irrigated Forest Plantations. SPECIAL TOPICS. Fuelwood Production. Agroforestry. Soil Erosion and Control Measures. IMPLEMENTING AND SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES. Involvement of Rural People. Forestry Extension Programs. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisDesigned for both students and practicing professionals, it addresses critical issues of water quality, focusing on the illustration and application of both hydrologic and economic water management techniques. Stresses applications using worked examples, case studies and problems.Table of ContentsProbability and Statistical Methods for Hydrologic Events. Hydrographs. Management Models for Flow Rate and Volume Control. Stormwater Quality. Receiving Water Quality. Stormwater Management Alternatives for Water Quality Improvement. Wet-Retention/Detention Ponds. Economic and Fiscal Feasibility. Optimization. Rural Area Stormwater Management. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisEmphasizing the key principles of conservation biology and showing how these principles can be applied to the management of biological resources, this text simplifies many difficult concepts. Each chapter summarizes a specific theme in the field and contains suggestions for further reading.Table of ContentsConservation History. Environmental Trends. Environmental Ethics. Ecological Economics. Policies for Conservation. Management of Natural Resources. Preservation of Biodiversity. Culture. Conclusion. References. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisThe classic reference on weeds and invasive plants has been revised and updated. The Third Edition of this authoritative reference provides an in-depth understanding of how weeds and invasive plants develop and interact in the environment so you can manage and control them more effectively.Trade Review"Overall, the changes make the third edition a worthwhile purchase even for those who already own the second. . . If one is looking for a book that covers the basics of weed science from a traditional perspective this is a fine selection: well-written and remarkably concise for a complicated topic." (Economic Botany, 2010) Table of ContentsPreface. Burdock (Charles Goodrich) Introduction. Chapter 1. Weeds and Invasive Plants. Chapter 2. Principles. Chapter 3. Invasibility of Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems. Chapter 4. Evolution of Weeds and Invasive Plants. Chapter 5. Weed Demography and Population Dynamics. Chapter 6. Plant-Plant Associations. Chapter 7. Weed and Invasive Plant Management Approaches, Methods and Tools. Chapter 8. Herbicides. Chapter 9. Systems Approaches for Weed and Invasive Plant Management. References. Index.

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