Engineering graphics and draughting Books

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Book SynopsisThe gold-standard design and documentation reference for students Architectural Graphic Standards, Student Edition condenses key information from the definitive industry reference to provide students with a powerful learning resource.Table of ContentsA NOTE FROM THE PUBLISHER XI A NOTE FROM THE AIA XII ARCHITECTS’ TRIBUTES TO ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHIC STANDARDS XIII INTRODUCTION XVI PREFACE XVIII SECTION 1: DESIGN PRINCIPLES & CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION 1 CHAPTER 1 FUNCTIONAL PLANNING 3 CHAPTER 2 ENVIRONMENT 31 CHAPTER 3 RESILIENCE IN BUILDINGS 53 CHAPTER 4 ARCHITECTURAL CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION 77 SECTION 2: MATERIALS 91 CHAPTER 5 CONCRETE 93 CHAPTER 6 MASONRY 107 CHAPTER 7 METALS 125 CHAPTER 8 WOOD 141 CHAPTER 9 GLASS 165 SECTION 3: BUILDING ELEMENTS 173 CHAPTER 10 ELEMENT A: SUBSTRUCTURE 175 CHAPTER 11 ELEMENT B: SHELL 203 CHAPTER 12 ELEMENT C: INTERIORS 363 CHAPTER 13 ELEMENT D: SERVICES 427 CHAPTER 14 ELEMENT E: EQUIPMENT AND FURNISHINGS 517 CHAPTER 15 ELEMENT F: SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION 565 CHAPTER 16 ELEMENT G: SITEWORK 581 APPENDICES 627 A Classical Architectural Elements 629 B Mathematical Data 635 C Structural Calculations 641 INDEX 645

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Book SynopsisR.C. Hibbeler graduated from the University of Illinois-Urbana with a B.S. in Civil Engineering (major in Structures) and an M.S. in Nuclear Engineering. He obtained his PhD in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics from Northwestern University. Professor Hibbeler's professional experience includes postdoctoral work in reactor safety and analysis at Argonne National Laboratory, and structural and stress analysis work at Chicago Bridge and Iron, as well as at Sargent and Lundy in Chicago. He has practiced engineering in Ohio, New York, and Louisiana.

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Book SynopsisR. C. Hibbeler graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana with a BS in Civil Engineering (majoring in Structures) and an MS in Nuclear Engineering. He obtained his PhD in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics from Northwestern University. Professor Hibbeler's professional experience includes postdoctoral work in reactor safety and analysis at Argonne National Laboratory, and structural and stress analysis work at Chicago Bridge and Iron, as well as at Sargent and Lundy in Chicago. He has practiced engineering in Ohio, New York, and Louisiana. Professor Hibbeler currently teaches both civil and mechanical engineering courses at the University of LouisianaLafayette. In the past, he has taught at the University of Illinois at Urbana, Youngstown State University, Illinois Institute of Technology, and Union College.

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Book SynopsisR.C. Hibbeler graduated from the University of Illinois-Urbana with a B.S. in Civil Engineering (major in Structures) and an M.S. in Nuclear Engineering. He obtained his PhD in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics from Northwestern University. Professor Hibbeler's professional experience includes postdoctoral work in reactor safety and analysis at Argonne National Laboratory, and structural and stress analysis work at Chicago Bridge and Iron, as well as at Sargent and Lundy in Chicago. He has practiced engineering in Ohio, New York, and Louisiana.

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Book SynopsisTested in architectural studio courses over 25 years and two editions.

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Book SynopsisScattering based numerical methods are applied to the numerical simulation of distributed time dependent physical systems. These methods have appeared in various guises as the transmission line matrix method, multidimensional wave digital filtering, and digital waveguide methods. This book provides a framework for all of these techniques.Trade Review"...remarkable...the book is to be highly recommended..." (International Journal of Numerical Modelling, Vol 18 (4) July 2005)Table of ContentsPreface xi Foreword xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 An Overview of Scattering Methods 3 1.1.1 Remarks on Passivity 3 1.1.2 Case Study: The Kelly–Lochbaum Digital Speech Synthesis Model 4 1.1.3 Digital Waveguide Networks 12 1.1.4 A General Approach: Multidimensional Circuit Representations and Wave Digital Filters 18 1.2 Questions 24 2 Wave Digital Filters 25 2.1 Classical Network Theory 27 2.1.1 N-ports 27 2.1.2 Power and Passivity 28 2.1.3 Kirchhoff’s Laws 30 2.1.4 Circuit Elements 31 2.2 Wave Digital Elements and Connections 32 2.2.1 The Bilinear Transform 33 2.2.2 Wave Variables 35 2.2.3 Pseudopower and Pseudopassivity 36 2.2.4 Wave Digital Elements 37 2.2.5 Adaptors 41 2.2.6 Signal and Coefficient Quantization 43 2.2.7 VectorWave Variables 45 2.3 Wave Digital Filters and Finite Differences 48 3 Multidimensional Wave Digital Networks 53 3.1 Symmetric Hyperbolic Systems 55 3.2 Coordinate Changes and Grid Generation 60 3.2.1 Structure of Coordinate Changes 61 3.2.2 Coordinate Changes in (1 +1)D 61 3.2.3 Coordinate Changes in Higher Dimensions 62 3.3 MD-passivity 65 3.4 MD Circuit Elements 68 3.4.1 The MD Inductor 68 3.4.2 Other MD Elements 70 3.4.3 Discretization in the Spectral Domain 71 3.4.4 Other Spectral Mappings 73 3.5 The (1 + 1)D Advection Equation 74 3.5.1 A Multidimensional Kirchhoff Circuit 75 3.5.2 Stability 76 3.5.3 An Upwind Form 77 3.6 The (1 +1)D Transmission Line 79 3.6.1 MDKC for the (1 + 1)D Transmission Line Equations 80 3.6.2 Digression: The Inductive Lattice Two-port 82 3.6.3 Energetic Interpretation 83 3.6.4 An MDWD Network for the (1 + 1)D Transmission Line 83 3.6.5 Simplified Networks 85 3.7 The (2 +1)D Parallel-plate System 86 3.7.1 MDKC and MDWD Network 87 3.8 Finite Difference Interpretation 89 3.8.1 MDWD Networks as Multistep Schemes 90 3.8.2 Numerical Phase Velocity and Parasitic Modes 93 3.9 Initial Conditions 97 3.10 Boundary Conditions 99 3.10.1 MDKC Modeling of Boundaries 101 3.11 Balanced Forms 105 3.12 Higher-order Accuracy 108 4 Digital Waveguide Networks 115 4.1 FDTD and TLM 117 4.2 Digital Waveguides 118 4.2.1 The Bidirectional Delay Line 118 4.2.2 Impedance 119 4.2.3 Wave Equation Interpretation 120 4.2.4 Note on the Different Definitions of Wave Quantities 121 4.2.5 Scattering Junctions 122 4.2.6 Vector Waveguides and Scattering Junctions 124 4.2.7 Transitional Note 126 4.3 The (1 +1)D Transmission Line 127 4.3.1 First-order System and the Wave Equation 127 4.3.2 Centered Difference Schemes and Grid Decimation 127 4.3.3 A (1+1)D Waveguide Network 129 4.3.4 Waveguide Network and the Wave Equation 131 4.3.5 An Interleaved Waveguide Network 133 4.3.6 Varying Coefficients 135 4.3.7 Incorporating Losses and Sources 141 4.3.8 Numerical Phase Velocity and Dispersion 143 4.3.9 Boundary Conditions 144 4.4 The (2 +1)D Parallel-plate System . 146 4.4.1 Defining Equations and Centered Differences 146 4.4.2 The Waveguide Mesh 149 4.4.3 Reduced Computational Complexity and Memory Requirements in the Standard Form of the Waveguide Mesh 156 4.4.4 Boundary Conditions 158 4.5 Initial Conditions 162 4.6 Music and Audio Applications of Digital Waveguides 164 5 Extensions of Digital Waveguide Networks 169 5.1 Alternative Grids in (2 +1)D 169 5.1.1 Hexagonal and Triangular Grids 170 5.1.2 The Waveguide Mesh in Radial Coordinates 173 5.2 The (3 + 1)D Wave Equation and Waveguide Meshes 180 5.3 The Waveguide Mesh in General Curvilinear Coordinates 182 5.4 Interfaces between Grids 186 5.4.1 Doubled Grid Density Across an Interface 187 5.4.2 Progressive Grid Density Doubling 193 5.4.3 Grid Density Quadrupling 196 5.4.4 Connecting Rectilinear and Radial Grids 198 5.4.5 Grid Density Doubling in (3 +1)D 202 5.4.6 Note 203 6 Scattering Methods: A Unified Perspective 205 6.1 The (1 +1)D Transmission Line Revisited 206 6.1.1 Multidimensional Unit Elements 207 6.1.2 Hybrid Form of the Multidimensional Unit Element 208 6.1.3 Alternative MDKC for the (1+1) D Transmission Line 210 6.2 Alternative MDKC for the (2 + 1) D Parallel-plate System 212 6.3 Higher-order Accuracy Revisited 214 6.4 Maxwell’s Equations 217 7 Applications to Vibrating Systems 223 7.1 Beam Dynamics 224 7.1.1 MDKC and MDWD network for Timoshenko’s System 226 7.1.2 Waveguide Network for Timoshenko’s System 228 7.1.3 Boundary Conditions in the DWN 230 7.1.4 Simulation: Timoshenko’s System for Beams of Uniform and Varying Cross-sectional Areas 232 7.1.5 Improved MDKC for Timoshenko’s System via Balancing 233 7.2 Plates 235 7.2.1 MDKCs and Scattering Networks for Mindlin’s System 238 7.2.2 Boundary Termination of the Mindlin Plate 242 7.2.3 Simulation: Mindlin’s System for Plates of Uniform and Varying Thickness 246 7.3 Cylindrical Shells 247 7.3.1 The Membrane Shell 248 7.3.2 The Naghdi–Cooper System II Formulation 250 7.4 Elastic Solids 252 7.4.1 Scattering Networks for the Navier System 255 7.4.2 Boundary Conditions 258 8 Time-varying and Nonlinear Systems 261 8.1 Time-varying and Nonlinear Circuit Elements 262 8.1.1 Lumped Elements 262 8.1.2 Distributed Elements 263 8.2 Linear Time-varying Distributed Systems 264 8.2.1 A Time-varying Transmission Line Model 266 8.3 Lumped Nonlinear Systems in Musical Acoustics 267 8.3.1 Piano Hammers 267 8.3.2 The Single Reed 270 8.4 From Wave Digital Principles to Relativity Theory 272 8.4.1 Origin of the Challenge 272 8.4.2 The Principle of Newtonian Limit 274 8.4.3 Newton’s Second Law 274 8.4.4 Newton’s Third Law and Some Consequences 276 8.4.5 Moving Electromagnetic Fields 277 8.4.6 The Bertozzi Experiment 277 8.5 Burger’s Equation 278 8.6 The Gas Dynamics Equations 280 8.6.1 MDKC and MDWD Network for the Gas Dynamics Equations 282 8.6.2 An Alternate MDKC and Scattering Network 283 8.6.3 Entropy Variables 285 9 Concluding Remarks 289 9.1 Answers 289 9.2 Questions 293 A Finite Difference Schemes for the Wave Equation 297 A.1 Von Neumann Analysis of Difference Schemes 298 A.1.1 One-step Schemes 299 A.1.2 Multistep Schemes 300 A.1.3 Vector Schemes 302 A.1.4 Numerical Phase Velocity 302 A.2 Finite Difference Schemes for the (2 + 1)D Wave Equation 303 A.2.1 The Rectilinear Scheme 304 A.2.2 The Interpolated Rectilinear Scheme 305 A.2.3 The Triangular Scheme 309 A.2.4 The Hexagonal Scheme 311 A.2.5 Note on Higher-order Accuracy 314 A.3 Finite Difference Schemes for the (3 + 1)D Wave Equation 315 A.3.1 The Cubic Rectilinear Scheme 315 A.3.2 The Octahedral Scheme 317 A.3.3 The (3 + 1) D Interpolated Rectilinear Scheme 318 A.3.4 The Tetrahedral Scheme 321 B Eigenvalue and Steady State Problems 325 B.1 Introduction 325 B.2 Abstract Time Domain Models 326 B.3 Typical Eigenvalue Distribution of a Discretized PDE 326 B.4 Excitation and Filtering 327 B.5 Partial Similarity Transform 327 B.6 Steady State Problems 329 B.7 Generalization to Multiple Eigenvalues 330 B.8 Numerical Example 331 Bibliography 333 Index 355

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Book SynopsisReaders of this book learn graphic rendering skills quickly with the proven how-to approach that has made Lin the most successful teacher in the field. His method emphasizes speed, confidence, and relaxation, while incorporating many time-saving tricks of the trade.Table of ContentsLoose vs Tight. Principles of Good Graphics. Rendering Techniques. Rendering Types. Lettering. Entourage. Perspective Drawing. How to Sketch. Design Process. Appendices. References. Credits. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe best-selling guide now completely updated to include online tutorials! Basic Perspective Drawing introduces students, both those in formal design courses and self-learners, to the basic principles and techniques of perspective drawing.Table of ContentsPreface vii Chapter 1 Overview 1 Chapter 2 Rendering Perspective Views from Observed Reality 19 Chapter 3 Plans, Elevations, and Paraline Projections 29 Chapter 4 Constructing Perspective Views 40 Chapter 5 Geometric Tools: Diagonals, Squares, and Cubes 79 Chapter 6 Sloping Planes and Surfaces 94 Chapter 7 Circles and Curved Surfaces 111 Chapter 8 Shadows and Reflections 145 Chapter 9 Freehand Sketching and Rapid Visualization 167 Chapter 10 The Figure in Perspective 179 Chapter 11 Shading and Rendering 191 Chapter 12 Aerial Perspective 201 Appendix A Examples of Perspective Views 209 Appendix B Notes on Studying and Teaching Perspective Drawing 261 Index 267

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Book SynopsisHeating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning The authoritative resource providing coverage of all aspects of HVAC, fully updated to align with the latest HVAC technologies and methods Now in its Seventh Edition, Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning has been fully updated to align with the latest technologies and industry developments while maintaining the balance of theoretical information with practical applications that has prepared many generations of students for their careers. As they work through the book, students will become familiar with different types of heating and air conditioning systems and equipment, understand processes and concepts involving moist atmospheric air, learn how to provide comfort to occupants in controlled spaces, and gain practice calculating probable heat loss/gain and energy requirements. A companion website includes additional multiple-choice questions, tutorial videos showing problem-solving for R-value calculationTable of ContentsAbout the Companion Website xi 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Historical Notes 2 1.2 Common HVAC Units and Dimensions 3 1.3 Fundamental Physical Concepts 6 1.4 Additional Comments 18 References 19 Problems 19 2. Air-Conditioning Systems 22 2.1 The Complete System 22 2.2 System Selection and Arrangement 24 2.3 HVAC Components and Distribution Systems 27 2.4 Types of All-Air Systems 28 2.5 Air-and-Water Systems 35 2.6 All-Water Systems 37 2.7 Decentralized Cooling and Heating 38 2.8 Heat Pump Systems 41 2.9 Heat Recovery Systems 43 2.10 Thermal Energy Storage 44 References 45 Problems 46 3. Moist Air Properties and Conditioning Processes 49 3.1 Moist Air and The Standard Atmosphere 49 3.2 Fundamental Parameters 51 3.3 Adiabatic Saturation 53 3.4 Wet Bulb Temperature and the Psychrometric Chart 55 3.5 Classic Moist Air Processes 57 3.6 Space Air Conditioning—Design Conditions 66 3.7 Space Air Conditioning—Off-Design Conditions 77 References 81 Problems 81 4. Comfort and Health—Indoor Environmental Quality 86 4.1 Comfort—Physiological Considerations 87 4.2 Environmental Comfort Indices 87 4.3 Comfort Conditions 91 4.4 The Basic Concerns of IAQ 93 4.5 Common Contaminants 94 4.6 Methods to Control Humidity 96 4.7 Methods to Control Contaminants 98 References 116 Problems 116 5. Heat Transmission in Building Structures 120 5.1 Basic Heat-Transfer Modes 120 5.2 Tabulated Overall Heat-Transfer Coefficients 139 5.3 Moisture Transmission 154 References 155 Problems 155 6. Space Heating Load 159 6.1 Outdoor Design Conditions 159 6.2 Indoor Design Conditions 160 6.3 Transmission Heat Losses 161 6.4 Infiltration 161 6.5 Heat Losses from Air Ducts 174 6.6 Auxiliary Heat Sources 176 6.7 Intermittently Heated Structures 176 6.8 Supply Air for Space Heating 176 6.9 Source Media for Space Heating 177 6.10 Computer Calculation of Heating Loads 178 References 179 Problems 180 7. Solar Radiation 182 7.1 Thermal Radiation 182 7.2 The Earth’s Motion About the Sun 185 7.3 Time 186 7.4 Solar Angles 188 7.5 Solar Irradiation 191 7.6 Heat Gain Through Fenestrations 198 7.7 Energy Calculations 213 References 214 Problems 214 8. The Cooling Load 217 8.1 Heat Gain, Cooling Load, and Heat Extraction Rate 217 8.2 Application of Cooling Load Calculation Procedures 220 8.3 Design Conditions 221 8.4 Internal Heat Gains 222 8.5 Overview of the Heat Balance Method 226 8.6 Transient Conduction Heat Transfer 228 8.7 Outside Surface Heat Balance—Opaque Surfaces 232 8.8 Fenestration—Transmitted Solar Radiation 238 8.9 Interior Surface Heat Balance—Opaque Surfaces 240 8.10 Surface Heat Balance—Transparent Surfaces 246 8.11 Zone Air Heat Balance 250 8.12 Implementation of the Heat Balance Method 255 8.13 Radiant Time Series Method 256 8.14 Implementation of the Radiant Time Series Method 266 8.15 Supply Air Quantities 273 References 273 Problems 275 9. Energy Calculations and Building Simulation 279 9.1 Degree-Day Procedure 279 9.2 Bin Method 282 9.3 Comprehensive Simulation Methods 287 9.4 Energy Calculation Tools 293 9.5 Other Aspects of Building Simulation 294 References 294 Problems 297 10. Flow, Pumps, and Piping Design 298 10.1 Fluid Flow Basics 298 10.2 Centrifugal Pumps 309 10.3 Combined System and Pump Characteristics 313 10.4 Piping System Fundamentals 317 10.5 System Design 335 10.6 Steam Heating Systems 343 References 356 Problems 357 11. Space Air Diffusion 363 11.1 Behavior of Jets 363 11.2 Air-Distribution System Design 371 References 388 Problems 388 12. Fans and Building Air Distribution 391 12.1 Fans 391 12.2 Fan Relations 391 12.3 Fan Performance and Selection 396 12.4 Fan Installation 403 12.5 Field Performance Testing 410 12.6 Fans and Variable-Air-Volume Systems 412 12.7 Air Flow in Ducts 414 12.8 Air Flow in Fittings 421 12.9 Accessories 434 12.10 Duct Design—General 435 12.11 Duct Design—Sizing 440 References 450 Problems 450 13. Direct Contact Heat and Mass Transfer 456 13.1 Combined Heat and Mass Transfer 456 13.2 Spray Chambers 459 13.3 Cooling Towers 467 References 474 Problems 475 14. Extended Surface Heat Exchangers 477 14.1 The Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) Method 478 14.2 The Number of Transfer Units (NTU) Method 479 14.3 Heat Transfer—Single-Component Fluids 480 14.4 Transport Coefficients Inside Tubes 487 14.5 Transport Coefficients Outside Tubes and Compact Surfaces 492 14.6 Design Procedures for Sensible Heat Transfer 498 14.7 Combined Heat and Mass Transfer 509 References 520 Problems 520 15. Refrigeration 524 15.1 The Performance of Refrigeration Systems 524 15.2 The Theoretical Single-Stage Compression Cycle 526 15.3 Refrigerants 529 15.4 Refrigeration Equipment Components 535 15.5 The Real Single-Stage Cycle 549 15.6 Absorption Refrigeration 555 15.7 The Theoretical Absorption Refrigeration System 565 15.8 The Aqua–Ammonia Absorption System 567 15.9 The Lithium Bromide–Water System 571 References 574 Problems 574 Appendix A. Thermophysical Properties 577 Table A.1a Properties of Refrigerant 718 (Water–Steam)—English Units 578 Table A.1b Properties of Refrigerant 718 (Water–Steam)—SI Units 579 Table A.2a Properties of Refrigerant 134a (1,1,1,2 Tetrafluoroethane)—English Units 580 Table A.2b Properties of Refrigerant 134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane)—SI Units 582 Table A.3a Properties of Refrigerant 22 (Chlorodifluoromethane)—English Units 584 Table A.3b Properties of Refrigerant 22 (Chlorodifluoromethane)—SI Units 586 Table A.4a Air—English Units 588 Table A.4b Air—SI Units 589 Appendix B. Weather Data 590 Table B.1a Heating and Cooling Design Conditions—United States, Canada, and the World—English Units 591 Table B.1b Heating and Cooling Design Conditions—United States, Canada, and World—SI Units 594 Table B.2 Annual Bin Weather Data for Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 35 24 N, 97 36 W, 1285 ft Elevation 597 Table B.3 Annual Bin Weather Data for Chicago, Illinois, 41 47 N, 87 45 W, 607 ft Elevation 597 Table B.4 Annual Bin Weather Data for Denver, Colorado, 39 45 N, 104 52 W, 5283 ft Elevation 598 Table B.5 Annual Bin Weather Data for Washington, D.C., 38 51 N, 77 02 W, 14 ft Elevation 598 Appendix C. Pipe and Tube Data 599 Table C.1 Steel Pipe Dimensions—English and SI Units 600 Table C.2 Type L Copper Tube Dimensions—English and SI Units 601 Appendix D. Useful Data 602 Table D.1 Conversion Factors 603 Appendix E. Charts 605 Chart 1a ASHRAE psychrometric chart no. 1 (IP) (Reprinted by permission of ASHRAE.) 606 Chart 1b ASHRAE psychrometric chart no. 1 (SI) (Reprinted by permission of ASHRAE.) 607 Chart 1Ha ASHRAE psychrometric chart no. 4 (IP) (Reprinted by permission of ASHRAE.) 608 Chart 1Hb ASHRAE psychrometric chart no. 6 (SI) (Reprinted by permission of ASHRAE.) 609 Chart 2 Enthalpy–concentration diagram for ammonia–water solutions (From Unit Operations by G. G. Brown, Copyright © 1951 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) 610 Chart 3 Pressure–enthalpy diagram for refrigerant 134a (Reprinted by permission.) 611 Chart 4 Pressure–enthalpy diagram for refrigerant 22 (Reprinted by permission.) 612 Chart 5 Enthalpy–concentration diagram for Lithium Bromide–water solutions (Courtesy of Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago IL.) 613 Chart 6 Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Freon™ 407C (SI Units). Courtesy of Chemours 614 Chart 7 Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Freon™ 407A (SI Units). Courtesy of Chemours 615 Chart 8 Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Freon™ 410A (SI Units). Courtesy of Chemours 616 Index 617

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Book SynopsisThis book analyzes stochastic processes on networks and regular structures such as lattices by employing the Markovian random walk approach. Part 1 is devoted to the study of local and non-local random walks. It shows how non-local random walk strategies can be defined by functions of the Laplacian matrix that maintain the stochasticity of the transition probabilities. A major result is that only two types of functions are admissible: type (i) functions generate asymptotically local walks with the emergence of Brownian motion, whereas type (ii) functions generate asymptotically scale-free non-local “fractional” walks with the emergence of Lévy flights. In Part 2, fractional dynamics and Lévy flight behavior are analyzed thoroughly, and a generalization of Pólya's classical recurrence theorem is developed for fractional walks. The authors analyze primary fractional walk characteristics such as the mean occupation time, the mean first passage time, the fractal scaling of the set of distinct nodes visited, etc. The results show the improved search capacities of fractional dynamics on networks.Table of ContentsPreface ix Part 1 Dynamics on General Networks 1 Chapter 1 Characterization of Networks: the Laplacian Matrix and its Functions 3 1.1. Introduction 3 1.2. Graph theory and networks 4 1.2.1. Basic graph theory 4 1.2.2. Networks 6 1.3. Spectral properties of the Laplacian matrix 11 1.3.1. Laplacian matrix 11 1.3.2. General properties of the Laplacian eigenvalues and eigenvectors 13 1.3.3. Spectra of some typical graphs 15 1.4. Functions that preserve the Laplacian structure 17 1.4.1. Function g(L) and general conditions 17 1.4.2. Non-negative symmetric matrices 20 1.4.3. Completely monotonic functions 22 1.5 General properties of g(L) 28 1.5.1. Diagonal elements (generalized degree) 29 1.5.2. Functions g(L) for regular graphs 29 1.5.3. Locality and non-locality of g(L) in the limit of large networks 30 1.6. Appendix: Laplacian eigenvalues for interacting cycles 32 Chapter 2 The Fractional Laplacian of Networks 33 2.1. Introduction 33 2.2. General properties of the fractional Laplacian 34 2.3. Fractional Laplacian for regular graphs 36 2.4. Fractional Laplacian and type (i) and type (ii) functions 41 2.5. Appendix: Some basic properties of measures 48 Chapter 3 Markovian Random Walks on Undirected Networks 55 3.1. Introduction 55 3.2. Ergodic Markov chains and random walks on graphs 57 3.2.1. Characterization of networks: the Laplacian matrix 57 3.2.2. Characterization of random walks on networks: Ergodic Markov chains 58 3.2.3. The fundamental theorem of Markov chains 63 3.2.4. The ergodic hypothesis and theorem 68 3.2.5. Strong law of large numbers 75 3.2.6. Analysis of the spectral properties of the transition matrix 77 3.3 Appendix: further spectral properties of the transition matrix Π 82 3.4. Appendix: Markov chains and bipartite networks 84 3.4.1. Unique overall probability in bipartite networks 84 3.4.2. Eigenvalue structure of the transition matrix for normal walks in bipartite graphs 85 Chapter 4 Random Walks with Long-range Steps on Networks 93 4.1. Introduction 93 4.2 Random walk strategies and g(L) 94 4.2.1. Fractional Laplacian 95 4.2.2. Logarithmic functions of the Laplacian 97 4.2.3. Exponential functions of the Laplacian 98 4.3. Lévy flights on networks 99 4.4. Transition matrix for types (i) and (ii) Laplacian functions 102 4.5. Global characterization of random walk strategies 105 4.5.1. Kemeny’s constant for finite rings 108 4.5.2. Global time τ for irregular networks 110 4.6. Final remarks 112 4.7. Appendix: Functions g(L) for infinite one-dimensional lattices 113 4.8. Appendix: Positiveness of the generalized degree in regular networks 114 Chapter 5 Fractional Classical and Quantum Transport on Networks 117 5.1. Introduction 117 5.2. Fractional classical transport on networks 118 5.2.1. Fractional diffusion equation 118 5.2.2. Diffusion equation and random walks on networks 120 5.2.3. Fractional random walks with continuous time 122 5.2.4. Fractional average probability of return in an infinite ring 125 5.2.5 Probability pn(γ)(t) for a ring in the limit N → ∞ 127 5.2.6. Efficiency of the fractional diffusive transport 129 5.3. Fractional quantum transport on networks 133 5.3.1. Continuous-time quantum walks 134 5.3.2. Fractional Schrödinger equation 135 5.3.3. Fractional quantum walks 135 5.3.4. Fractional quantum dynamics on interacting cycles 136 5.3.5. Quantum transport on an infinite ring 138 5.3.6. Efficiency of the fractional quantum transport 141 Part 2 Dynamics on Lattices 143 Chapter 6 Explicit Evaluation of the Fractional Laplacian Matrix of Rings 145 6.1. Introduction 145 6.2. The fractional Laplacian matrix on rings 146 6.2.1. Preliminaries 146 6.2.2. Explicit evaluation of the fractional Laplacian matrix for the infinite ring 149 6.2.3. Fractional Laplacian of the finite ring 154 6.3. Riesz fractional derivative continuum limit kernels of the Fractional Laplacian matrix 155 6.3.1. General continuum limit procedure 156 6.3.2. Infinite space continuum limit 161 6.3.3. Periodic string continuum limit 163 6.4. Concluding remarks 165 6.5. Appendix: fractional Laplacian matrix of the ring 166 6.5.1. Euler’s reflection formula 170 6.5.2. Some useful relations for the infinite ring limit 171 6.5.3. Asymptotic behavior of the fractional Laplacian matrix 174 6.5.4. Canonic representations of the fractional Laplacian in the periodic string (i) and infinite space limit (ii) 177 6.6. Appendix: estimates for the fractional degree in regular networks 179 Chapter 7 Recurrence and Transience of the “Fractional Random Walk” 183 7.1. Introduction 183 7.2. General random walk characteristics 187 7.2.1. Mean occupation times, long-range moves and first passage quantities 187 7.2.2. Probability generating functions and recurrence behavior 196 7.3. Universal features of the FRW 203 7.4. Recurrence theorem for the fractional random walk on d-dimensional infinite lattices 208 7.5. Emergence of Lévy flights and asymptotic scaling laws 216 7.6. Fractal scaling of the set of distinct nodes ever visited 220 7.7. Transient regime 0 <α<1 of FRW on the infinite ring 226 7.8. Concluding remarks 233 7.9. Appendix: Recurrence and transience of FRW 235 7.9.1. Properties of F(α)|p| 235 7.9.2. Recurrent limits 236 Chapter 8 Asymptotic Behavior of Markovian Random Walks Generated by Laplacian Matrix Functions 239 8.1. Introduction 239 8.2. Markovian walks generated by type (i) and type (ii) Laplacian matrix functions 243 8.3. Continuum limits – infinite network limits 246 8.3.1. The Pearson walk 251 8.3.2. Type (i) Laplacian kernels: Emergence of Brownian motion (Rayleigh flights) and normal diffusion 255 8.3.3. Type (ii) Laplacian density kernels: Emergence of Lévy flights and anomalous diffusion 260 8.3.4. Green’s function – MRT 266 8.3.5. Some brief remarks on self-similar fractal distributions of nodes 270 8.4. Appendix 273 8.4.1. Emergence of symmetric α-stable limiting transition PDFs 273 8.4.2. Some properties of symmetric α-stable PDFs 277 8.4.3. Spectral dimension of the FRW – Lévy flight 282 8.4.4. Evaluation of some integrals and normalization constants of the fractional Laplacian 284 8.4.5. Regularization and further properties of the fractional Laplacian kernel 289 References 293 Index 303

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Book SynopsisMetaheuristics for Structural Design and Analysis discusses general properties and types of metaheuristic techniques, basic principles of topology, shape and size optimization of structures, and applications of metaheuristic algorithms in solving structural design problems. Analysis of structures using metaheuristic algorithms is also discussed. Comparisons are made with classical methods and modern computational methods through metaheuristic algorithms. The book is designed for senior structural engineering students, graduate students, academicians and practitioners.Table of ContentsPreface ix Introduction xi Chapter 1 Evolution of Structural Analysis and Design 1 1.1 History of design 2 1.2 From empirical rules and intuition to FEM 6 1.3 From FEM to AI 8 Chapter 2 Metaheuristic Algorithms 11 2.1 A brief history of the development of metaheuristic algorithms 12 2.2 Generalities about metaheuristic algorithms 14 2.3 Evolutionary algorithms 17 2.3.1 Genetic algorithms 17 2.3.2 The differential evolution algorithm 18 2.4 Swarm intelligence 19 2.4.1 Particle swarm optimization 20 2.4.2 The flower pollination algorithm 22 2.4.3 The bat algorithm 23 2.5 Other metaheuristic algorithms 24 2.5.1 Simulated annealing 24 2.5.2 Teaching–learning-based optimization 26 2.5.3 Harmony search 27 2.5.4 The Jaya algorithm 28 Chapter 3 Application of Metaheuristic Algorithms to Structural Problems 31 3.1 Objective function 32 3.1.1 Weight 32 3.1.2 Cost 33 3.1.3 Response 35 3.1.4 Effectiveness 37 3.1.5 CO2 emissions in construction 38 3.2 The design constraints 38 3.2.1 Stress 40 3.2.2 Deformations 43 3.2.3 Buckling 45 3.2.4 Fatigue 46 3.2.5 Design regulation rules 46 Chapter 4 Applications of Metaheuristic Algorithms in Structural Design 49 4.1 Generalities in structural design 49 4.2 Sensibility analyses and reliability 50 4.3 Types of structural optimization 50 4.4 Basic structural engineering applications 52 4.4.1 Vertical deflection minimization problem of an I-beam 52 4.4.2 Cost optimization of the tubular column under compressive load 56 4.4.3 Weight optimization of cantilever beams 60 4.5 Appendix 1 63 4.6 Appendix 2 66 4.7 Appendix 3 69 Chapter 5 Optimization of Truss-like Structures 75 5.1 The optimum design of truss structures 75 5.1.1 Analyses of truss structures 76 5.1.2 Review of the literature on the optimization of truss structures 78 5.2 Numerical applications in the optimization of truss structures 79 5.2.1 A 5-bar truss structure optimization problem 79 5.2.2 A 3-bar truss structure optimization problem 82 5.2.3 A 25-bar truss structure optimization problem 85 5.2.4 A 72-bar space truss optimization example 88 5.2.5 A 200-bar planar truss optimization example 89 5.3 Tensegrity structures 93 5.4 Appendix 1 94 5.5 Appendix 2 97 Chapter 6 Optimization of Structures and Members 101 6.1 Optimum design of RC beams 102 6.2 Optimum design of RC spread footings 112 6.3 Optimum design of RC columns 118 6.4 Optimum design of RC frames 126 6.4.1 The first example: two-span two-story RC frame 132 6.4.2 The first example: two-span two-story RC frame 133 6.5 Optimum design of RC cylindrical walls 136 6.5.1 Optimum design of axially symmetric RC walls 136 6.5.2 Optimization of post-tensioning forces for cylindrical walls 138 6.5.3 Optimization of post-tensioned axially symmetric cylindrical RC walls 141 Chapter 7 Optimization in Structural Control Problems 143 7.1 Optimum design of tuned mass dampers (TMD) 144 7.1.1 Time domain-based optimization of TMDs 147 7.1.2 Frequency domain-based optimization of TMDs 152 7.2 Optimum design of base isolation systems 174 Chapter 8 Applications of Metaheuristic Algorithms to Structural Analysis 181 8.1 Fundamentals of the method 181 8.2 Applications to structures, generalities 185 8.3 Applications to trusses and truss-like structures 185 8.4 Applications to plates 189 8.5 Further studies on the analysis of structures with TPO/MA 193 Future Trends 195 References 199 Index 217

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Book SynopsisFundamentals of Technical Graphics concentrates on the main concepts and principles of technical graphics. The book is divided into two volumes: volume one contains chapters one to five, whereas volume two comprises of chapters six to ten. Volume one covers the topics of drafting guidelines, free hand sketching, computer design drafting (CDD) systems, geometric and shape construction, and standard multiview drawing creation. Volume two treats the topics of auxiliary views, section views, basic dimensioning, isometric drawings, and working drawings. The appendices provide introductory discussions about screw fasteners, general and geometric tolerancing, and surface quality and symbols. The book is written with current drafting standards of American National Standards Institute/American Society for Mechanical Engineers (ANSI/ASME) in mind. The style is plain and discussions are straight to the point. Its principle goal is meeting the needs of first- and second-year students in engineering, engineering technology, design technology, and related disciplines.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisA clear exposition of the dynamics of mechanical systems from an engineering perspective. This new edition includes revised sections to enhance understanding, added examples and homework problems and a thorough development of computational methods for solving the differential equations of motion for constrained systems.Trade Review"It is clear that a student who masters all the material in this book will have a very good basis for doing research on a wide range of subjects...a good reference book for libraries and students of mechanics..." Applied Mechanics Reviews"Especially notable is the development of rotation transformations for describing the position and orientation of rigid bodies in spatial motion." Mechanical EngineeringTable of Contents1. Basic considerations; 2. Introduction; 3. Newton's Laws; 4. Systems of Units; 5. Vector Calculus; 6. Energy and Momentum; 7. Brief Biographical Perspective; 8. Particle Kinematics; 9. Path Variables-Intrinsic Coordinates; 10. Rectangular Cartesian Coordinates; 11. Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates; 12. Joint Kinematical Descriptions; 13. Relative Motion; 14. Rotation Transformations; 15. Finite Rotations; 16. Angular Velocity and Derivatives of Rotating Vectors; 17. Angular Acceleration; 18. Derivative of an Arbitrary Factor; 19. Velocity and Acceleration Using a Moving Reference Frame; 20. Observations from a Moving Reference System; 21. Kinematics of Rigid Bodies; 22. General Equations; 23. Eulerian Angles; 24. Interconnections; 25. Rolling; 26. Newtonian Kinetics of a Rigid Body; 27. Fundamental Principles; 28. Evaluations of Angular Momentum and Inertia Properties; 29. Rate of Change of Angular Momentum; 30. Equations of Motion; 31. Planar Motion; 32. Impulse-Momentum and Work-Energy Principles; 33. System of Rigid Bodies; 34. Introduction of Analytical Mechanics; 35. Generalized Coordinates and Degrees of Freedom; 36. Constraints - Holonomic and Nonholonomic; 37. Virtual Displacements; 38. Generalized Forces; 39. Hamilton's Principle; 40. Lagrange's Equations. 41. Further Concepts in Analytical Mechanics; 42. Constrained Generalized Coordinates; 43. Computational Methods in the State-Space; 44. Hamiltonian Mechanics and Further Conservation Principles; 45. Gibbs-Appell Equations for Quasi-Coordinates; 46. Gyroscopic Effects; 47. Free Motion; 48. Spinning Top; 49. Gyroscopes for Inertial Guidance; Appendix; Answers to even-numbered problems; Index.

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Book SynopsisFeatures discipline-specific exercises, step-by-step directions, and explanations.Table of Contents1. Getting Started. 2. Fundamentals I. 3. Fundamentals II. 4. Fundamentals III. 5. Fundamentals IV. 6. Fundamentals V. 7. Dimensioning. 8. Plotting/Printing. 9. Hatching and Boundaries. 10. Block References and Attributes. 11. External References and Images. 12. AutoCAD DesignCenter. 13. Utility Command. 14. Internet Utilities and Drawing Sets. 15. AutoCAD 3D. 16. Rendering. 17. Customizing AutoCAD. 18. The Tablet and Digitizing. 19. Visual LISP.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisRevit is rapidly replacing AutoCAD as the digital drawing tool of choice for architects and interior designers. This book aims to help design students master Revit as a tool in the design studio and in practice.Revit Architecture 2022 for Designers provides both a thorough primer for new learners and expanded conceptual discussion for design professionals. The progressive introduction of concepts (chapters build on previous chapters), digital exercises, and professional examples make this book easy to follow for learners new to Revit. Packed with visual examples, it is written specifically for architecture and interior design students. NEW TO THIS EDITION Instruction graphics updated for Revit Architecture 2022 features and user interface New instruction for drawing with metric units New instruction on importing PDFs (Chapter 2), Photorealistic Rendering (Chapter 7), and Advanced Modeling (Chapter 10)Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments INTRODUCTION 1 Introducing Revit Architecture 2 Floor Plan Basics 3 Multi-Level Buildings PRESENTATION DRAWINGS 4 Presentation Plans 5 Presentation RCPs 6 Perspective and Isometric Drawings 7 Photorealistic Rendering 8 Elevations and Sections 9 Roofs and Site Plans 10 Advanced Modeling CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS 11 Construction Plans and Details 12 Furniture and Finish Plans 13 Construction RCPs and Details 14 Sheets and Printing Index Basic Metric Conversion Table Standard Architectural Scales Standard Paper Sizes Keyboard Shortcuts

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