Engineering: general Books

Book SynopsisMechanics of Aero-structures is a concise textbook for students of aircraft structures, which covers aircraft loads, torsion and bending of single cell, multi-cell and open thin-walled structures. Static structural stability, energy methods, and aero-elastic instability are discussed. Examples and exercises are included to enhance the students' facility with structural analysis.Trade Review'This book has been written with the intention of providing a concise text on the mechanics of aircraft structures for third and fourth year undergraduate students studying in aerospace and aeronautical engineering. The book is nicely presented and is well illustrated. It includes several worked examples to outline the application of the theoretical analyses procedures developed in the various chapters of the book and provides numerous exercises to be carried out by the student to enhance and facilitate the students' knowledge and understanding of how the structural systems work. The book provides an online resource which gives solutions to the student exercises. This is password protected for lecturers who will use the book to teach aero-structures.' Joe Loughlan, The Aeronautical JournalTable of Contents1. Aircraft structural components and loads; 2. Elements of elasticity; 3. Energy methods; 4. Torsion; 5. Bending; 6. Stability of structures; 7. Failure theories.

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Book SynopsisThis 1960 book aims primarily to provide an insight into the vibration characteristics of a machine or structure rather than to present a recipe for formal calculations. Classical theory is developed by starting from the concept of steady forced motion and then introducing free motion as a limiting case.Table of ContentsPreface; General notation; 1. Introduction; 2. Generalized co-ordinates and Lagrange's equations; 3. Systems having any finite number of degrees of freedom; 4. The taut string; 5. The analysis of real systems, approximate methods; 6. Torsional and longitudinal vibration of uniform shafts and bars; 7. Flexural vibration of uniform beams; 8. Viscous damping; 9. Hysteretic damping; 10. Free vibration; 11. Non-harmonic transient vibration; Answers to examples; Index.

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Book SynopsisResponding to the developments of the past twenty years, Les Kirkup has thoroughly updated his popular book on experimental methods, while retaining the extensive coverage and practical advice from the first edition. Many topics from that edition remain, including keeping a record of work, how to deal with measurement uncertainties, understanding the statistical basis of data analysis and reporting the results of experiments. However, with new technologies influencing how experiments are devised, carried out, analyzed, presented and reported, this new edition reflects the digital changes which have taken place and the increased emphasis on the importance of communication skills in reporting results. Bringing together key elements of experimental methods into one coherent book, it is perfect for students seeking guidance with their experimental work, including how to acquire, analyse and present data. Exercises, worked examples and end-of-chapter problems are provided throughout the booTrade Review'As an instructor in electrical engineering and a researcher in photonic engineering, I am quite confident to say that this book exceptionally explains the methods of experimentation and their presentation in terms of an article, poster, etc … This book is ideal for first-year undergraduates and postgraduate research students for making the perfect lab reports. Furthermore, this book can be used as a reference and textbook by faculty and the lab instructors who want to instil the method of experimentation, analysis and presentation of the results into the students … the book will address the needs of all the readers and students from various disciplines … the current edition of the book is amply illustrated, and deserves to be considered as a textbook for first-year undergraduate students in physics and engineering disciplines, and a reference book for early career researchers and laboratory instructors.' Muhammad Mahmood Ali, Contemporary Physics'… a very valuable book for physical science and engineering undergraduates, introducing them to the experimental processes of data gathering and analysis, then turning what was found into formal oral or written presentations … a great resource for academics teaching … significant value to science teachers …' Australian PhysicsTable of ContentsPreface to the second edition; Preface to the first edition; 1. Introduction to experimentation; 2. Characteristics of experimental data; 3. Graphical presentation of data; 4. Dealing with uncertainties; 5. Statistical approach to variability in measurements; 6. Fitting a line to x-y data using the method of least squares; 7. Report writing and presentations; 8. Using Excel to present and analyse data; 9. Computer-aided data capture; Appendix 1; Appendix 2; Solutions to exercises and problems; Further reading; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis practical text is a perfect fit for introductory engineering courses by successfully combining an introduction to Excel fundamentals with a clear presentation on how Excel can be used to solve common engineering problems. Updated to ensure compatibility with Excel 2007, Spreadsheet Tools for Engineers Using Excel 2007 provides beginning engineering students with a strong foundation in problem solving using Excel as the modern day equivalent of the slide rule.As part of McGraw-Hill's BEST series for freshman engineering curricula, this text is particularly geared toward introductory students. The author provides plenty of background information on technical terms, and provides numerous examples illustrating both traditional and spreadsheet solutions for a variety of engineering problems. The first three chapters introduce the basics of problem solving and Excel fundamentals. Beyond that, the chapters are largely independent of one another. Topics covered include graphing Table of Contents1. Engineering Analysis and Spreadsheets2. Creating an Excel Worksheet3. Editing an Excel Worksheet4. Making Logical Decisions (IF-THEN-ELSE) 5. Graphing Data6. Analyzing Data Statisically 7. Fitting Equations to Data 8. Sorting and Filtering Data 9. Transferring Data 10. Converting Units 11. Solving Single Equations12. Solving Simultaneous Equations 13. Evaluating Integrals 14. Creating and Executing Macros and Functions 15. Comparing Economic Alternatives16. Finding Optimum SolutionsAppendixIndex

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart 1: Lead-On 1. What Engineers Do 2. Elements of Engineering Analysis 3. Force and Motion 4. Energy 5. Engineering Economics Part 2: Minds-On 6. Aeronautical Engineering 7. Chemical Engineering 8. Civil Engineering 9. Computer Engineering 11. Industrial Engineering 12. Manufacturing Engineering 14. Mechanical Engineering 15. Nuclear Engineering 16. Bioengineering 17. Electrochemical Engineering 18. Environmental Engineering 19. Green Energy Engineering Part 3: Hands-On 20. Introduction to Mechatronics and Physical Computing 21. Introduction to Engineering Design 22. Design teams 23. Design Step 1: Defining the Problem 24. Design Step 2: Generation of Alternative Concepts 25. Design Step 3: Evaluation of Alternatives and Selection of a Concept 26. Design Step 4: Detailed Design 27. Design Step 5: Design Defense 28. Design Step 6: Manufacturing and Testing 29. Design Step 7: Performance Evaluation 30. Design Step 8: Design Report 31. Examples of Design Competitions 32. Closing Remarks on the Important Role of Design Projects

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Book SynopsisFor advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in System Simulation or Simulation and Modeling. This text introduces computational and mathematical techniques for modeling, simulating, and analyzing the performance of various systems. Its goal is to help students gain a better understanding of how systems operate and respond to change by: 1) helping them begin to model, simulate, and analyze simple-but- representative systems as soon as possible; and 2) whenever possible, encourage the experimental exploration and self-discovery of theoretical results before their formal presentation. The authors' approachable writing style emphasizes concepts and insight without sacrificing rigor.

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction to Computing and Engineering 1 Problem Solving 1.1 Historical Perspective 1.2 Recent Engineering Achievements Changing Engineering Environment 1.3 Computing Systems Computer Hardware Computer Software 1.4 Data Representation and Storage Number Systems Data Types and Storage 1.5 An Engineering Problem-Solving Methodology Summary 2 Simple C++ Programs ENGINEERING CHALLENGE: Vehicle Performance 2.1 Program Structure 2.2 Constants and Variables Scientific Notation Numeric Data Types Boolean Data Type Character Data Type String Data Symbolic Constants Auto Type Specifier 2.3 C++ Classes Class Declaration Class Implementation 2.4 Building C++ Solutions with IDEs: Xcode Xcode 2.5 C++ Operators Assignment Operator Arithmetic Operators Precedence of Operators Overflow and Underflow Increment and Decrement Operators Abbreviated Assignment Operators 2.6 Standard Input and Output The cout Object Stream Objects Manipulators The cin Object 2.7 Building C++ Solutions with IDEs: NetBeans NetBeans 2.8 Basic Functions Included in the C++ Standard Library Elementary Math Functions Trigonometric Functions Hyperbolic Functions* Character Functions 2.9 Problem Solving Applied: Velocity Computation 2.10 System Limitations Summary 3 Control Structures: Selection ENGINEERING CHALLENGE: Global Change 3.1 Algorithm Development Top-Down Design 3.2 Structured Programming Pseudocode Evaluation of Alternative Solutions 3.3 Conditional Expressions Relational Operators Logical Operators Precedence and Associativity 3.4 Selection Statements: if Statement Simple if Statements if/else Statement 3.5 Numerical Technique: Linear Interpolation 3.6 Problem Solving Applied: Freezing Temperature of Seawater 3.7 Selection Statements: switch Statement 3.8 Building C++ Solutions with IDEs: NetBeans NetBeans 3.9 Defining Operators for Programmer-Defined Data Types Summary 4 Control Structures: Repetition ENGINEERING CHALLENGE: Data Collection 4.1 Algorithm Development Pseudocode and Flowchart Description 4.2 Repetition Structures 156 while Loop do/while Loop for Loop 4.3 Problem Solving Applied: GPS 4.4 break and continue Statements 4.5 Structuring Input Loops Counter-Controlled Loops Sentinel-Controlled Loop End-Of-Data Loop 4.6 Problem Solving Applied: Weather Balloons 4.7 Building C++ Solutions with IDEs: Microsoft Visual C++ Microsoft Visual C++ Summary 5 Working with Data Files ENGINEERING CHALLENGE: Weather Prediction 5.1 Defining File Streams Stream Class Hierarchy ifstream Class ofstream Class 5.2 Reading Data Files Specified Number of Records Trailer or Sentinel Signals End-of-File 5.3 Generating a Data File 5.4 Problem Solving Applied: Data Filters–Modifying an HTML File 5.5 Error Checking The Stream State 5.6 Numerical Technique: Linear Modeling 5.7 Problem Solving Applied: Ozone Measurements 5.8 Building C++ Solutions with IDEs: Xcode-Weather Patterns Summary 6 Modular Programming with Functions ENGINEERING CHALLENGE: Simulation 6.1 Modularity 6.2 Programmer-Defined Functions Function Definition Solution 1 Solution 2 Function Prototype 6.3 Parameter Passing Pass by Value Pass by Reference Storage Class and Scope 6.4 Problem Solving Applied: Calculating a Center of Gravity 6.5 Random Numbers Integer Sequences Floating-Point Sequences 6.6 Problem Solving Applied: Instrumentation Reliability 6.7 Defining Class Methods Public Interface Accessor Methods Mutator Methods 6.8 Problem Solving Applied: Design of Composite Materials Solution 1: Solution 2: 6.9 Numerical Technique: Roots of Polynomials Polynomial Roots Incremental-Search Technique 6.10 Problem Solving Applied: System Stability Newton—Raphson Method 6.11 Numerical Technique: Integration Integration Using the Trapezoidal Rule Summary 7 One-Dimensional Arrays ENGINEERING CHALLENGE: Tsunami Warning Systems 7.1 Arrays Definition and Initialization Pseudocode Range-based for Statement Computation and Output Function Arguments 7.2 Problem Solving Applied: Hurricane Categories 357 7.3 Statistical Measurements Simple Analysis Variance and Standard Deviation Custom Header Files 7.4 Problem Solving Applied: Speech Signal Analysis 7.5 Sorting and Searching Algorithms Selection Sort Search Algorithms Unordered Lists Ordered Lists 7.6 Problem Solving Applied: Tsunami Warning Systems 7.7 Character Strings C Style String Definition and I/O String Functions 7.8 The string Class 7.9 Building C++ Solutions with IDEs: Xcode Vegetation Maps 7.10 The vector class Parameter Passing 7.11 Problem Solving Applied: Calculating Probabilities Summary 8 Two-Dimensional Arrays ENGINEERING CHALLENGE: Terrain Navigation 8.1 Two-Dimensional Arrays Declaration and Initialization Computations and Output Function Arguments 8.2 Problem Solving Applied: Terrain Navigation 8.3 Two-Dimensional Arrays and the vector class Function Arguments 8.4 Matrices Determinant Transpose Matrix Addition and Subtraction Matrix Multiplication 8.5 Numerical Technique: Solution to Simultaneous Equations Graphical Interpretation Gauss Elimination 8.6 Problem Solving Applied: Electrical Circuit Analysis 8.7 Higher-Dimensional Arrays Summary 9 An Introduction to Pointers ENGINEERING CHALLENGE: Weather Patterns 9.1 Addresses and Pointers Address Operator Pointer Assignment Pointer Arithmetic 9.2 Pointers to Array Elements One-Dimensional Arrays Character Strings Pointers as Function Arguments 9.3 Problem Solving Applied: El Niño-Southern Oscillation Data 9.4 Dynamic Memory Allocation The new Operator Dynamically Allocated Arrays The delete Operator 9.5 Problem Solving Applied: Seismic Event Detection 9.6 Common Errors Using new and delete 9.7 Linked Data Structures Linked Lists Stacks Queue 518 9.8 The C++ Standard Template Library The list class The stack class The queue class 9.9 Problem Solving Applied: Concordance of a Text File 525 Summary 10 Advanced Topics ENGINEERING CHALLENGE: Artificial Intelligence 10.1 Data Abstraction Overloading Operators The Pixel class \Arithmetic Operators friend Functions Validating Objects Bitwise Operators 10.2 Building C++ Solutions with IDEs: Xcode Image Files 10.3 Binary File Input and Output Opening Binary Files Reading and Writing Binary Files Contents 10.4 Problem Solving Applied: Color Image Processing 10.5 Recursion Factorial Function Fibonacci Sequence The BinaryTree class 10.6 Generic Programming Function Templates Class Templates 10.7 Inheritance The Rectangle class The Square Class The Cube class 10.8 virtual Methods 10.9 Problem Solving Applied: Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma Summary C++ Standard Library B ASCII Character Codes C Using MATLAB to Plot Data from ASCII Files C++ Program to Generate a Data File ASCII Data File Generated by the C++ Program 649 Generating a Plot with MATLAB D References E PRACTICE! Solutions Index

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Book SynopsisA journey inside the minds that build our world.Trade Review"Anyone trying to interest America’s young people in technical careers should read Applied Minds…. Writing with a liveliness that reflects the energized, creative, problem-solving people he talks about, Madhavan, a biomedical engineer, presents a completely engaging survey of what engineers do—and why you wish you could do it, too." -- Nancy Szokan - Washington Post"Engineers are titans of real-world problem-solving, yet are strangely invisible, notes biomedical engineer Guru Madhavan. In this riveting study of how they think, he puts behind-the-scenes geniuses such as Margaret Hutchinson, who designed the first penicillin-production plant, centre stage." -- Nature"Engaging…[and] insightful." -- Sybil Derrible - Science"The heroes of Guru Madhavan’s compact book about the logical habits of engineers are not the usual suspects of the iPhone era. With barely a mention of Wozniak or Jobs, the author takes us back to an earlier time so that we can witness the solving of problems that have long since gone away." -- Jon Gertner - Wall Street Journal"A real pleasure to read, and lots to learn." -- Tim Harford, The Financial Times's Undercover Economist and presenter of BBC Radio 4's More or Less"This thoroughly engaging book demonstrates that engineering thinking is truly multidisciplinary, multinational, and multicultural. Through its diverse cast of engineers and wide-ranging examples of their achievements, Applied Minds leaves little doubt that our world is a better place because of the engineers who inhabit it." -- Henry Petroski, author of To Engineer Is Human and The Essential Engineer"An unabashed celebration of engineers and their ‘plug and play’ thinking tool kit…. Applied Minds is worth sharing with young engineering students." -- Robin Tatu, Prism Magazine, American Society of Engineering Education"In this smart, insightful, and fascinating book, Madhavan shows how engineers turn problems into opportunities. The engineering mind-set is something we should all study and embrace. It applies to every aspect of life." -- Walter Isaacson, author of The Innovators and Steve Jobs

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Book SynopsisExplores both the benefits and limitations of new UHPLC technology High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been widely used in analytical chemistry and biochemistry to separate, identify, and quantify compounds for decades. The science of liquid chromatography, however, was revolutionized a few years ago with the advent of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), which made it possible for researchers to analyze sample compounds with greater speed, resolution, and sensitivity. Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Its Applications enables readers to maximize the performance of UHPLC as well as develop UHPLC methods tailored to their particular research needs. Readers familiar with HPLC methods will learn how to transfer these methods to a UHPLC platform and vice versa. In addition, the book explores a variety of UHPLC applications designed to support research in such fields as pharmaceuticals, food safety, clinical mediciTable of ContentsPreface vii Contributors ix 1. UHPLC Method Development 1 Shujun Chen and Alireza Kord 2. Method Transfer Between HPLC and UHPLC Platforms 31 Gregory K. Webster, Thomas F. Cullen, and Laila Kott 3. Practical Aspects of Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography 55 Naijun Wu, Christopher J. Welch, Theresa K. Natishan, Hong Gao, Tilak Chandrasekaran, and Li Zhang 4. Coupling UHPLC with MS: The Needs, Challenges, and Applications 95 Julie Schappler, Serge Rudaz, Jean-Luc Veuthey, and Davy Guillarme 5. The Potential of Shell Particles in Fast Liquid Chromatography 133 Szabolcs Fekete and Jeno Fekete 6. UHPLC Determination of Drugs of Abuse in Human Biological Matrices 169 Fabio Gosetti, Eleonora Mazzucco, and Maria Carla Gennaro 7. UHPLC in the Analyses of Isoflavones and Flavonoids 197 Sylwia Magiera and Irena Baranowska 8. UHPLC for Characterization of Protein Therapeutics 235 Jennifer C. Rea, Yajun Jennifer Wang, and Taylor Zhang 9. UHPLC/MS Analysis of Illicit Drugs 253 Guifeng Jiang, Jason R. Stenzel, Ray Chen, and Diab Elmashni 10. Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry and Its Application 271 Zhili Xiong, Ying Deng, and Famei Li Index 291

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Book SynopsisDescribes several proven techniques that have helped people get ahead and stay there. Provides excellent guidelines on managing your career, obtaining promotions and setting long range goals. Advancing in product-oriented and functional matrix organizations, determining how job performance is measured in your company, how to find and develop good mentors, generating career advancing ideas, understanding what occurs during takeovers, mergers and work force reductions are among the topics covered.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Are You in Control of Your Career?. The Company Structure--Is It Working for or Against You?. The Engineering Process in Your Company--Learning the Ropes. Getting the Most from Your Company's Educational System. Using the Company's Job Opening System to Your Benefit. Determining the Formal and Informal Criteria by Which You AreJudged. How to Find and Develop a Good Mentor. The Importance of Maintaining a Company Calendar. Getting People to Accept Your Ideas. The Value of Visibility--How to Get It and Use It. Getting on the Fast Track for Advancement. Summary. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisCommunication Patterns of Engineers examines how engineers communicate and explore the factors that affect their communication choices. It identifies differences in communication among engineering specialities. It also explains how their information use affects their work and how the best engineers use information resources.Trade Review"…this book is highly recommended for library and information science libraries and engineering special and academic libraries." (E-STREAMS, July 2004) "…a mountain of research. Virtually every paragraph contains foods for thought. If you want a broad view of engineering communication…I highly recommend this book." (Computing Reviews.com, June 22, 2004) “...looks at all aspects of engineering communication, including how much time engineers spend reading for their jobs and the kind of information they produce as a result of their work.” (The Institute, January 7, 2004)Table of ContentsAcknowledgements. Introduction. Communication Models. An Engineers' Communication Framework. The Engineering Profession and Communication. Information Seeking and Use. Information Output by Engineers. Engineering Education and Communication Skills. The Engineering Scholarly Journal Channel. Engineering Communication Patterns Compared with Science and Medicine. The NASA/DOD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisFocusing on decisions--engineering economy as a decision tool not an adjunct to accounting--this textbook is completely integrated into the easy-computing era and treats monetary inflation routinely. Contains detailed coverage of equipment replacement, after-tax analysis, risk, public economy, benefit/cost ratios and cost effectiveness.Table of ContentsEngineering Decision Making. Compound Interest and Discounted Cash Flow. Escalation and Inflation. Efficiency Measures. Evaluation of Alternatives. Leverage and Capital Budgeting. Public-Sector Decision Making. Risk and Uncertainty. Probabilistic Decision Making. Taxes, Depreciation, and Incentives. Design Exercises. Answers to Even Exercises. Index.

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Book SynopsisYou'll discover the endless possibilities for concrete pavers in residential, commercial, and municipal applications. Over 300 gorgeous pictures demonstrate how paver patterns, colors, and textures enhance the smallest patio to the grandest plazas and shopping centers.

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Book SynopsisTakes readers step by step through the process of preparing for a presentation. Shoots Veis breaks the main topics - speech planning, design, and delivery - into component pieces and explains the range of choices, emphasizing the importance of understanding your audience. Throughout the book, he uses an ongoing example to illustrate the path for planning, preparing, and delivering a speech.

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Book SynopsisIts clear and instructional discussions of hydraulic technology and engineering principles make it a useful resource for a range of courses, including the history of technology, urban history, and American business history.Trade ReviewPresents an excellent analysis of the origins, evolution and management of the waterpower system (including a discussion of hydraulic and engineering principles) during the 19th-century industrialization period in the US. Highly recommended. Choice 2010 Malone has made a real contribution by illuminating the technological basis for the rise of the nation's first planned industrial city and by showing how the novel demands posed by that industrial complex contributed to the emergence of hydraulic engineering over the course of the nineteenth century. -- Thomas Dublin New England Quarterly 2010 A work of outstanding scholarship within the field of history of technology and an important contribution to the study of industrialisation. -- Ian West Industrial Archaeology Review 2010 This worthy contribution to historical understanding is also an accessible undergraduate text...It would enliven any survey course in the history of American technology. -- John K. Brown Technology and Culture 2011Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. Harnessing the Merrimack River2. Building a City at the Falls, 1821–18363. Expanding the Waterpower, 1836–18474. Testing the Waters: Scientific Engineering in Lowell5. Protecting the People and the Profits, 1847–18656. Controlling the System, 1865–1885PostscriptNotesSuggested Further ReadingsIndex

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Book SynopsisBridges the gap between the realistic needs and questions of scientists and engineers and the legal skills of professionals in the patent field at a level accessible to those with no legal training Written for inventors in lay terms that they can relate to or easily follow Lays out the new features of patent law introduced by the America Invents Act of 2012 Explains the differences between the first-to-invent and first-to-file rules and why the two rules will coexist Focuses on the growth of new technologies in industry versus the laws protecting themTrade Review“Overall it represents a distillation of a very wide experience gained from many years of hands-on practice. This is a must-have buy for research establishments that do not have an in-house patent department.” (Chromatographia, 20 March 2015)Table of ContentsList of Figures ix List of Tables xi Preface xiii Introduction xvii About the Author xix 1. The First-to-File Rule: Evolution and Application 1 1.1 History of the First-to-File Rule in the United States 2 1.2 “Who’s on First?”: The Rule and Its Application 5 1.3 Adapting Business Routines to the First-to-File Rule 7 2. Prior Art before and after the AIA: Two Standards Compared 9 2.1 Prior Art and the First-to-File Rule 9 2.2 “But is It Art?”: The Art of Prior Art 10 2.3 And is It “Prior”?: Pre-AIA Law vs. the AIA 11 2.3.1 U.S. Patents and Published U.S. Patent Applications 11 2.3.2 Patents and Patent Applications Other than those of the United States 14 2.3.3 Other Published Literature 16 2.3.4 Commercial Activities 17 2.3.5 Otherwise Available to the Public 21 2.4 A Servant of Two Masters?: The “Effective Filing Date” and Its Role in Determining the Governing Rule 21 2.5 Conclusion 23 3. Creating One’s Own Prior Art: Self-Imposed Barriers to Patentability 25 3.1 The On-Sale Bar 26 3.1.1 Ready for Patenting? 26 3.1.2 Exceptions for Experimental Use 33 3.2 The Publication Bar: Publish and Perish? 35 3.2.1 Posting on an Internet Server 36 3.2.2 Slide Presentations and Posters at a Conference 37 3.2.3 Submission of a Thesis to a University Library 38 3.2.4 Grant Proposals 39 3.3 Observations 41 4. Canceling Prior Art and Other Benefits of Record Keeping 42 4.1 Derivation Proceedings 42 4.2 Disqualifying Reference Materials as Prior Art 45 4.3 Records Showing Collaboration 46 4.4 Records of Public Disclosures and Commercial Uses 48 4.5 Laboratory Notebooks 50 5. Inventing in an Employment Environment: The AIA’s New Recognition of Employer Interests and Project Management 52 5.1 Project Management and the New Definition of Prior Art 53 5.2 Allowing the Employer to Stand in for the Inventor 54 5.3 What Constitutes an Obligation to Assign? 56 5.4 Implying an Obligation to Assign When There is No Express Agreement 60 5.5 Having a “Sufficient Proprietary Interest” Other than by Assignment or Obligation to Assign 63 5.6 When No Assignment, Obligation to Assign, or Proprietary Interest: The “Shop Right” 63 6. The Novelty Threshold: Can You Recognize It When You See It? 67 6.1 Anticipation and the “All Elements in a Single Reference” Rule 68 6.1.1 “Incorporation by Reference” of the Missing Element from Another Source 70 6.1.2 Inherent Disclosure of the Missing Element 72 6.2 Novelty in the Arrangement of Parts 73 6.3 Another Argument Against Anticipation: The “Nonenabling Reference” 77 6.4 Caution: A Reference Can Anticipate an Invention Even if It “Teaches Away” from the Invention 79 6.5 Novelty versus Anticipation among Genus, Subgenus, and Species 84 6.5.1 Species Anticipating a Genus 84 6.5.2 Specific Value Anticipating a Range 85 6.5.3 “Shotgun” Disclosures in the Prior Art 85 6.5.4 Species or Subgenus Novel over a Larger, Encompassing Genus 86 6.5.5 Narrow Range Novel over a Broad Range Encompassing the Narrow Range 86 6.6 Are We Done? 87 7. Confronting the Prior Art: What Makes an Invention Nonobvious? 88 7.1 “But Every Invention is a Combination of Old Elements!” 90 7.1.1 Synergism and Changes in Function 90 7.1.2 “But Why Would a Munitions Manufacturer Go to a Horse Trainer (for the Missing Element)?” 92 7.1.3 “But Nobody Knew What the Problem Was (Before I Came Along)!” 94 7.1.4 “But They Said It Couldn’t Be Done!” 95 7.2 Pursuing the Unpredictable 99 7.2.1 Predictable Now but Unpredictable Then? 101 7.2.2 Finding a Needle in a Haystack 103 7.2.3 Unpredictability versus Optimization 105 7.3 In Hindsight (and Other Obvious or Nonobvious Thoughts) 107 8. The View from the Infringer’s Side: Challenging a Patent’s Validity 108 8.1 Do You Really Want to Go to Court? 109 8.2 Selecting Claims 111 8.3 Options for Challenge before the Patent is Granted 115 8.4 Options for Challenge after the Patent is Granted 118 8.4.1 Citation of Prior Art and Written Statements 118 8.4.2 Post-Grant Review and Inter Partes Review 119 9. Patent Eligibility: Pushing the Envelope on Subject Matter Appropriate for Patenting 122 9.1 Medical Diagnostic Methods 123 9.2 Computer-Implemented Processes 127 9.3 Business Methods 130 9.4 The AIA’s New Procedure for Challenging Business Method Patents 133 9.5 Conclusion: A Rule for Patent Eligibility? or a Case of “I’ll Know It When I See It”? 135 10. Selected Topics in Patent Strategy 139 10.1 Provisional Patent Applications 139 10.2 Strategies in Claim Construction 145 11. Patents and Beyond: The Variety and Scope of Intellectual Property 157 11.1 Trade Secrets 157 11.1.1 Scope 159 11.1.2 The Right of an Individual to Use Fundamental Skills 159 11.1.3 Comparing Trade Secrets to Patents 160 11.2 Trademarks 163 11.2.1 Choosing a Trademark 163 11.2.2 Securement, Maintenance, and Infringement of Trademark Rights 164 11.3 Copyrights 164 11.4 Design Patents 166 11.5 IP Coverage for Plants 167 11.6 Conclusion 167 Appendix A Selected Fees Charged by U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and Other U.S. Agencies for Intellectual Property as of January 1, 2014 170 Appendix B Patent Searchers 175 Acronym Glossary 178 Glossary 179 Bibliography, Websites, and Blogs 185 Patents and Published Patent Applications Cited 188 Cases Cited 191 Index 194

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Book SynopsisPresents the methodology and applications of ODE and PDE models within biomedical science and engineering With an emphasis on the method of lines (MOL) for partial differential equation (PDE) numerical integration, Method of Lines PDE Analysis in Biomedical Science and Engineering demonstrates the use of numerical methods for the computer solution of PDEs as applied to biomedical science and engineering (BMSE). Written by a well-known researcher in the field, the book provides an introduction to basic numerical methods for initial/boundary value PDEs before moving on to specific BMSE applications of PDEs. Featuring a straightforward approach, the book's chapters follow a consistent and comprehensive format. First, each chapter begins by presenting the model as an ordinary differential equation (ODE)/PDE system, including the initial and boundary conditions. Next, the programming of the model equations is introduced through a series of R routines that primarily implement MOL for PDETrade Review"This book demonstrates the use of numerical methods for the computer solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) as applied to biomedical science and engineering...The book is worth reading not only for mathematicians but also for, e.g., chemical engineers, medical researchers, clinicians, epidemiologists and statisticians." (Mathematical Reviews/MathSciNet June 2017)Table of ContentsPreface xiAbout the Companion Website xiii1 An Introduction to MOL Analysis of PDEs: Wave Front Resolution in Chromatography 11.1 1D 2-PDE model, 21.2 MOL routines, 71.2.1 Main program, 71.2.2 MOL/ODE routine, 161.2.3 Subordinate routines, 201.3 Model output, single component chromatography, 211.3.1 FDs, step BC, 211.3.2 Flux limiters, step BC, 391.3.3 FDs, pulse BC, 481.3.4 Flux limiters, pulse BC, 501.4 Multi component model, 531.5 MOL routines, 541.5.1 Main program, 541.5.2 MOL/ODE routine, 621.6 Model output, multi component chromatography, 67References, 682 Wave Front Resolution in VEGF Angiogenesis 692.1 1D 2-PDE model, 702.2 MOL routines, 722.2.1 Main program, 722.2.2 MOL/ODE routine, 812.2.3 Subordinate routines, 852.3 Model output, 862.3.1 Comparison of numerical and analytical solutions, 862.3.2 Effect of diffusion on the traveling-wave solution, 882.4 Conclusions, 88References, 893 Thermographic Tumor Location 913.1 2D, 1-PDE model, 923.2 MOL analysis, 943.2.1 ODE routine, 943.2.2 Main program, 1003.3 Model output, 1053.4 Summary and conclusions, 110References, 1114 Blood-Tissue Transport 1134.1 1D 2-PDE model, 1144.2 MOL routines, 1154.2.1 MOL/ODE routine, 1154.2.2 Main program, 1194.2.3 Bessel function routine, 1284.3 Model output, 1294.4 Model extensions, 1334.5 Conclusions and summary, 142References, 1435 Two-Fluid/Membrane Model 1455.1 2D, 3-PDE model, 1465.2 MOL analysis, 1475.2.1 MOL/ODE routine, 1485.2.2 Main program, 1535.3 Model output, 1605.4 Summary and conclusions, 1626 Liver Support Systems 1656.1 2-ODE patient model, 1666.2 Patient ODE model routines, 1676.2.1 Main program, 1676.2.2 ODE routine, 1726.3 Model output, 1746.4 8-PDE ALSS model, 1766.4.1 Membrane unit MU1, 1776.4.2 Adsorption unit AU1, 1776.4.3 Adsorption unit AU2, 1786.4.4 Membrane unit MU2, 1796.5 Patient-ALSS ODE/PDE model routines, 1806.5.1 Main program, 1806.5.2 ODE routine, 1886.6 Model output, 1956.7 Summary and conclusions, 196Appendix - Derivation of PDEs for Membrane and Adsorption Units, 200A.1 PDEs for Membrane Units, 200A.2 PDEs for Adsorption Units, 202References, 2037 Cross Diffusion Epidemiology Model 2057.1 2-PDE model, 2057.2 Model routines, 2077.2.1 Main program, 2077.2.2 ODE routine, 2157.3 Model output, 2187.3.1 ncase = 1, time-invariant solution, 2187.3.2 ncase = 2, transient solution, no cross diffusion, 2207.3.3 ncase = 3, transient solution with cross diffusion, 2227.4 Summary and conclusions, 224Reference, 2258 Oncolytic Virotherapy 2278.1 1D 4-PDE model, 2288.2 MOL routines, 2298.2.1 Main program, 2308.2.2 MOL/ODE routine, 2408.2.3 Subordinate routine, 2458.3 Model output, 2468.4 Summary and conclusions, 273Reference, 2749 Tumor Cell Density in Glioblastomas 2759.1 1D PDE model, 2769.2 MOL routines, 2779.2.1 Main program, 2779.2.2 MOL/ODE routine, 2869.3 Model output, 2899.3.1 Output for ncase = 1, linear, 2909.3.2 Output for ncase = 2, logistic, 2959.3.3 Output for ncase = 3, Gompertz, 2969.4 p-refinement error analysis, 2999.5 Summary and conclusions, 301References, 30110 MOL Analysis with a Variable Grid: Antigen-Antibody Binding Kinetics 30310.1 ODE/PDE model, 30310.2 MOL routines, 30610.2.1 Main program, 30610.2.2 MOL/ODE routine, 31410.3 Model output, 31810.3.1 Uniform grid, 31810.3.2 Variable grid, 32110.4 Summary and conclusions, 325Appendix: Variable Grid Analysis, 327A.1 Derivation of numerical differentiators, 327A.2 Testing of numerical differentiators, 331A.2.1 Differentiation matrix, 331A.2.2 Test functions, 332References, 340AppendicesAppendix A Derivation of Convection-Diffusion-ReactionPartial Differential Equations 341Appendix B Functions dss012, dss004, dss020, vanl 345Index 351

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Book SynopsisPrepare for your engineering career with this user-friendly guide to the latest release of PTC Creo software. PTC CREO? PARAMETRIC 3.0 walks you step-by-step through the uses, assets, attributes, and new capabilities of the software, providing all the information, screen shots, and detailed illustrations you need to use it on the job as an engineering design tool. The book is enhanced by a free companion website featuring online lessons, online lectures, and a link to the free downloadable PTC Creo Student Edition software.Table of ContentsIntroduction. 1. PTC Creo Parametric 3.0 Overview. 2. PTC Creo Parametric 3.0. 3. Direct Modeling. 4. Extrusions. 5. Datums, Layers, and Sections. 6. Revolved Features. 7. Feature Operations. 8. Assemblies. 9. Exploded Assemblies and View Manager. 10. Introduction to Drawings. 11. Part Drawings. 12. Assembly Drawings.

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Book SynopsisShortlisted for the 2023 Royal Society Science Book Prize A structural engineer examines the seven most basic building blocks of engineering that have shaped the modern world.Trade Review"A riveting love letter to the small, wonderful, and mundane things that make the modern world." -- Roman Mars, creator and host, 99% Invisible podcast"Charming." -- Sam Kean - Wall Street Journal"Agrawal is telling a story not just about great inventions but also about the societies that make and use them and the people who are affected by them.... [Nuts & Bolts] offers a robust history that should speak to scientists’ and engineers’ sense of social awareness." -- Adam R. Shapiro - Science"Delightful.... [T]here is an endless fascination in everyday objects such as springs, wheels and nails, from the physics behind them to simple practical tips.... [W]hile it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype, it’s the cheap technologies that change the world." -- Tim Harford - Financial Times"A wonderful book that explores the creative and inventive human impulses expressed through engineering…A fascinating tour that brings to life the springs, ratchets, and fibres that make up the machines of our modern age." -- Mark Miodownik, materials scientist, engineer, and author of Stuff Matters"There is passion for engineering on every single page…Roma Agrawal has a special skill of reawakening that part of us that simply wants to understand how the built world works, and to dream of creating our own machines." -- Angela Saini, author of Inferior"A masterclass in storytelling…Agrawal is the perfect narrator: her curiosity, technical knowledge, and excitement fill every page. It left me inspired by the ingenuity of historic engineers and optimistic for future innovation." -- Jess Wade, physicist and author of Nano"Fascinating stories behind the humble devices that make our human world work, told with an engineer’s infectious excitement and enthusiasm for detail." -- Gaia Vince, author of Nomad Century"Inside this wonderfully engaging book is a profound message: that so much of technology comes from ingenious reiterations of just a few innovations in engineering…Roma Agrawal brings these inventions vividly to life." -- Philip Ball, author of The Book of Minds"Essential reading for budding engineers, young and old." -- Anna Ploszajski, materials scientist, engineer, and author of Handmade"A quirky, entertaining riff on the building blocks of engineering." -- Kirkus Reviews

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Book SynopsisFuzzy Logic really is about how the Internet and related technologies have infiltrated our daily lives, how it is changing established social patterns, eroding older technologies at a hugely accelerated rate. There is a social cost to this kind of change, and a personal sense of loss or melancholy. Friedman evokes this bittersweet feeling without wallowing in it. More importantly, Friedman, with considerable good humour, deflates some of the more egregious babblings of the techno-Messiahs who would have us believe that we have reached a digital state of grace. -- Mark Shainblum, Internet Quarterly

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Book SynopsisAfter ten years, Make: has become one of most celebrated magazines to hit the newsstands, and certainly one of the hottest reads. If you're just catching on to the Maker Movement and wonder what you've missed, this book contains the best projects and articles from the magazine. Find out what keeps Makers coming back to Make: with this assortment of DIY projects and articles selected by Make:'s editors. Learn to: Outfit your workshop and make some must-have tools Build electronic projects from actuators to antennae Make things with Arduino and Raspberry Pi Create drones and robots Build noisemaking projects and musical instruments Augment your photo and video capabilities Make your own food, soap, ink, and more

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Book SynopsisFor most of the eighteenth century, automata were deemed a celebration of human ingenuity, feats of science and reason. Among the Romantics, however, they prompted a contradictory apprehension about mechanization and contrivance: such science and engineering threatened the spiritual nature of life, the source of compassion in human society. A deep dread of puppets and the machinery that propels them consequently surfaced in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century literature. Romantic Automata is a collection of essays examining the rise of this cultural suspicion of mechanical imitations of life. Recent scholarship in post-humanism, post-colonialism, disability studies, post-modern feminism, eco-criticism, and radical Orientalism has significantly affected the critical discourse on this topic. In engaging with the work and thought of Coleridge, Poe, Hoffmann, Mary Shelley, and other Romantic luminaries, the contributors to this collection open new methodological approaches to understanding human interaction with technology that strives to simulate, supplement, or supplant organic life. Published by Bucknell University Press. Distributed worldwide by Rutgers University Press. Trade Review"Romantic Automata is fascinating if idiosyncratic, and I enjoyed reading the essays immensely. Exploring literary representations of the relationship between the mechanical and the human or organic, this well-researched collection brings a range of theoretical approaches and primary sources to bear on an otherwise largely canonical debate. The readings are insightful and original, the arguments compelling and clear." -- Ghislaine McDayter * author of Byromania and the Birth of Celebrity Culture *"Romantic Automata is a strong collection of essays that engages a broad spectrum of European Romanticism. It fills a real need in the current scholarship of Romanticism as it connects the literary fascination with automata, dolls, and machines of the early nineteenth century with contemporary theoretical concerns with gender representation and the posthuman." -- William Davis * author of Romanticism, Hellenism, and the Philosophy of Nature *"Romantic Automata is fascinating if idiosyncratic, and I enjoyed reading the essays immensely. Exploring literary representations of the relationship between the mechanical and the human or organic, this well-researched collection brings a range of theoretical approaches and primary sources to bear on an otherwise largely canonical debate. The readings are insightful and original, the arguments compelling and clear." -- Ghislaine McDayter * author of Byromania and the Birth of Celebrity Culture *"Romantic Automata is a strong collection of essays that engages a broad spectrum of European Romanticism. It fills a real need in the current scholarship of Romanticism as it connects the literary fascination with automata, dolls, and machines of the early nineteenth century with contemporary theoretical concerns with gender representation and the posthuman." -- William Davis * author of Romanticism, Hellenism, and the Philosophy of Nature *Table of Contents List of Illustrations Acknowledgements Notes on Contributors and Co-editors Introduction Michael Demson and Christopher R. Clason Chapters: Section I: Exhibitions 1. The Uncanny Valley: E. T. A. Hoffmann, Sigmund Freud, Masahiro Mori Frederick Burwick 2. The (Re-)Winding of Hoffmann’s Automata: from Offenbach’s 1881 Opera to Powell and Pressburger’s 1951 Film Ashley Shams 3. Wounded Bodies in the Lithographs of Théodore Géricault, 1818-1820 Peter Erickson Section II: Figures 4. Romantic Tales of Pseudo Automata: The Chess-Playing Turk in Hoffmann, Poe, and Benjamin Wendy Nielsen 5. On Toys, Violence, and Automated Gender Erin Goss 6. Automatic for All: Mary Shelley’s Posthuman Passion Kate Singer 7. “A little earthly idol to contract your ideas”: Global Hermeneutics in Phebe Gibbes’s Zoriada, or, Village Annals (1786) Kathryn Freeman Section III: Organisms 8. Schelling’s Uncanny Organism Stefani Engelstein 9. “it […] lives by dying”: S. T. Coleridge’s Mechanical Life and Colonial Necropolitics Lenora Hanson 10. The Metaphysical Machinery of Mining in Novalis’s Works Christina M. Weiler Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIn recent years, the systems designed to support activity in the fields of banking, health, transportation, space, aeronautics, defense, etc. have become increasingly larger and more complex. With the growing maturity of information and communication technologies, systems have been interconnected within growing networks, yielding new capabilities and services through the combination of system functionalities. This has led to a further increasing complexity that has to be managed in order to take advantage of these system integrations. The book is divided into two parts. The first part addresses the concept and practical illustrations of a “system of systems” and is a multidisciplinary introduction to the notion of a “systems of systems” that is discussed extensively in the current scientific and technical literature. After a critical comparison of the different definitions and a range of various practical illustrations, this part provides answers to key questions such as what a system of systems is and how its complexity can be mastered. The second part, described as “systems-of-systems engineering: methods and tools”, focuses on both engineering and modeling, and standardization issues that are critical to deal with the key steps in systems of systems engineering: namely eliciting stakeholder needs, architecture optimization, integration of constituent systems, qualification, and utilization.Table of ContentsAuthor Biographies xv Introduction xix PART 1. SYSTEMS OF SYSTEMS, CONCEPTS AND PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATIONS 1 Chapter 1. Systems of Systems: From Concept to Actual Development 3 Dominique LUZEAUX 1.1. Network omnipresence creating a worldwide environment 3 1.2. Increasing complexity of the environment 5 1.3. Towards a definition of the concept of system of systems 11 1.4. Control of the system of systems 34 1.5. Tools for the control of the system of systems 47 1.6. The need for standardization 56 1.7. The human factor in systems of systems 58 1.8. Budgetary aspects of the systems of systems 68 1.9. The need for governance 70 1.10. Conclusion 75 1.11. Appendix: system of systems’ definitions in literature. 77 1.12. Bibliography 84 Chapter 2. Emergence and Complexity of Systems of Systems 89 Patrice MICOUIN 2.1. Introduction 89 2.2. Matter and shape 90 2.3. Systems 92 2.4. Genesis of concrete systems 99 2.5. Complexity of systems of systems 107 2.6. Systems of systems engineering 111 2.7. Conclusion 115 2.8. Bibliography 116 Chapter 3. Contractual Aspects of the Acquisition and Use of Systems of Systems 119 Danièle VÉRET 3.1. Introduction 119 3.2. An integrated set of components of various natures 121 3.3. Combining people with diversified skills and their contributions 125 3.4. Commitments to coordinate 130 3.5. Ownership rights 142 3.6. The most adapted legal strategies 147 3.7. Conclusion 148 Chapter 4. The Human Factor within the Context of Systems of Systems 149 Jean-René RUAULT 4.1. Introduction 149 4.2. Definition and epistemological aspects 150 4.3. The issue 154 4.4. Current human factors in systems engineering 160 4.5. The organizations’ complexity from the standpoint of social sciences: impacts on the systems of systems 166 4.6. Social sciences implemented within the context of systems of systems 192 4.7. Recognizable good practices in the field of organizations 201 4.8. Conclusion 202 4.9. Acknowledgments 203 4.10. Bibliography 203 Chapter 5. Space Communication and Observation System of Systems 207 Frédéric PRADEILLES and Dominique LUZEAUX 5.1. The dual context of omnipresent information and the commoditization of space 207 5.2. The technical view: an interconnection of ground-based and space-borne systems 209 5.3. Search for functionality and capacity 213 5.4. A logic of exchange on an international scale 214 5.5. Conclusion 220 5.6. Bibliography 221 Chapter 6. Intelligent Transport Systems 223 Michel CHAVRET 6.1. The field of intelligent transport 223 6.2. ACTIF 226 6.3. Practical application 230 6.4. Conclusion 234 6.5. Bibliography 234 Chapter 7. Systems of Systems in the Healthcare Field 235 Jean-René RUAULT 7.1. Introduction 235 7.2. From capability challenges to the design of systems of systems 236 7.3. Personal service, the main characteristic of systems within the healthcare field 239 7.4. Coordination of the medical and paramedical agents, in hospitals and in private practices 242 7.5. The development of information technologies and their interoperability, heart of the healthcare networks issue 245 7.6. Difficulties encountered 256 7.7. Conclusion 258 7.8. Acknowledgments 258 7.9. Bibliography 259 Chapter 8. Critical Infrastructure Protection 261 Jean-Luc ZOLESIO 8.1. General context of critical infrastructure protection 261 8.2. Protection requirements 266 8.3. Security systems of the future 272 8.4. The human factor 285 8.5. Conclusion 290 Chapter 9. Globalization and Systemic Impacts 291 Dominique LUZEAUX, Jean-René RUAULT and Lui KAM 9.1. Introduction 291 9.2. System of systems “globalization” 292 9.3. Beyond the concepts of systems 309 9.4. Globalization’s impact on systems of systems engineering 312 9.5. Conclusion 316 9.6. Appendix: a summary of the properties of nonlinear dynamic systems 317 9.7. Bibliography 318 PART 2. SYSTEMS OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, METHODS, STANDARDS AND TOOLS 321 Chapter 10. Methods and Tools for Systems of Systems Engineering 323 Dominique LUZEAUX 10.1. Systems of systems engineering: from the control of complexity to the necessity of a model-driven approach 323 10.2. Architecture 326 10.3. From architecture to detailed design: reference architectures 331 10.4. Requirement traceability and engineering tools 338 10.5. Reverse engineering and impact studies 342 10.6. Distributed simulation tools for model engineering 344 10.7. Global control of operational security via testability 346 10.8. Towards a virtuous circle of simulation-tests to control the tests 352 10.9. Collaborative work tools 357 10.10. Conclusion 360 10.11. Acknowledgements 361 10.12. Bibliography 362 Chapter 11. Model-driven Design and Simulation 363 Lui KAM 11.1. General points 363 11.2. A few definitions 365 11.3. Model-driven engineering 378 11.4. Feedback 385 11.5. Conclusion and perspectives 392 11.6. Bibliography 394 Chapter 12. Standardization in the Field of Systems and Systems of Systems Engineering 399 Jean-René RUAULT and Jean-Pierre MEINADIER 12.1. Introduction 399 12.2. Example of the importance of standards in the interoperability of systems and systems of systems 400 12.3. Standards used in the field of systems and systems of systems 403 12.4. Application and adaptation of system engineering standards in the context of systems of systems 433 12.5. Implementation of standards in the context of systems of systems 438 12.6. Conclusion 439 12.7. Acknowledgements 439 12.8. Appendix A. Standard relative to business process modeling 439 12.9. Appendix B. Standard relative to the Web services business process execution language 443 12.10. Appendix C. Ontology definition metamodel specification 444 12.11. Appendix D. UML profile for DoDAF/MODAF (USA Department of Defense and UK Ministry of Defense Architecture Framework) 446 12.12. Appendix E. Standard relative to software-intensive systems architecture 451 12.13. Appendix F. Unified modeling language 454 12.14. Appendix G. Systems modeling language 457 12.15. Appendix H. Good practices of IT service management, ITIL 461 12.16. Appendix I. Standard relative to IT services management 464 12.17. Appendix J. Software engineering – Product quality 466 12.18. Appendix J.1. Standard ISO 9126, part 1, quality model 466 12.19. Appendix J.2. Standard ISO 9126, part 3, internal metrics 468 12.20. Appendix K. Standard on software product quality requirements and evaluation 468 12.21. Appendix L. Standard on the common criteria for IT security evaluation 469 12.22. Appendix M. Standard relative to a system’s life cycle process 473 12.23. Appendix N. Standard relative to the processes for engineering a system 482 12.24. Appendix O. Standard for the application and management of the systems engineering process 487 12.25. Appendix P. Standard relative to software life cycle processes 494 12.26. Appendix Q. Standard relative to software measurement process 499 12.27. Appendix R. Standard relative to software product evaluation 500 12.28. Appendix S. Standard on systems engineering, product and design data exchange 504 12.29. Appendix T. Standard on the exchange of product model data, products life cycle support 507 12.30. Bibliography 510 Conclusion 513 List of Authors 519 Index 521

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Book SynopsisWith the growing maturity of information and communication technologies, systems have been interconnected within growing networks, yielding new services through a combination of the system functionalities. This leads to an increasing complexity that has to be managed in order to take advantage of these system integrations. This book provides key answers as to how such systems of systems can be engineered and how their complexity can be mastered. After reviewing some definitions on systems of systems engineering, the book focuses on concrete applications and offers a survey of the activities and techniques that allow engineering of complex systems and systems of systems. Case studies, ranging from emergency situations such as Hurricane Katrina and its crisis management or a generic scenario of a major traffic accident and its emergency response, to the establishment of a scientific basis in the Antarctic region illustrate key factors of success and traps to avoid in order to cope with such situations.Trade Review"The five parts of this book will provide the reader with a detailed description of all the elements that make up a RFID system today, including hot topics such as the privacy concerns, and the Internet of Things." (Radio-Electronics.com, 1 December 2011) Table of ContentsAuthor Biographies xi Introduction xv PART 1: ENGINEERING LARGE-SCALE COMPLEX SYSTEMS AND EMERGENCY SITUATION MANAGEMENT 1 Chapter 1. Engineering Large-scale Complex Systems 3 Dominique LUZEAUX 1.1. Introduction 3 1.2. The notion of service in large complex systems 7 1.3. Architecture: a key concept 11 1.4. Towards resilient systems 13 1.5. Development of relationships between participants 28 1.6. Complexity: plurality of viewpoints for systems engineering 35 1.7. The maintenance and logistics of systems of systems 59 1.8. Perspectives and lines of enquiry 61 1.9. Conclusion 79 1.10. Bibliography 82 Chapter 2. Management of Emergency Situations: Architecture and Engineering of Systems of Systems 85 Jean-René RUAULT 2.1. Introduction 85 2.2. Main concepts of systems engineering 86 2.3. Context of the emergency situation management scenario 89 2.4. Architecture of component systems of the system of systems 116 2.5. Conclusion 197 2.6. Acknowledgements 197 2.7. Bibliography 198 PART 2: CASE STUDY: ANTARCTICA LIFE SUPPORT FACILITY 205 Chapter 3. Introduction to the Antarctica Life Support Facility Case Study 207 Jean-Luc WIPPLER 3.1. Why Antarctica? 208 3.2. Fictional context of the study 209 3.3. Some data on the Antarctic and Adélie Land 212 3.4. Bibliography 213 Chapter 4. Finding the Right Problem 215 Philippe THUILLIER and Jean-Luc WIPPLER 4.1. What system are we dealing with? 216 4.2. System lifecycle 221 4.3. Who does the system involve? 226 4.4. Creating a working framework 228 4.5. Gathering information 229 4.6. Modeling the context 235 4.7. Understanding and defining goals 236 4.8. Modeling the domain 241 4.9. Defining stakeholder requirements and constraints 247 4.10. Things to remember: stakeholder-requirements engineering 251 4.11. Bibliography 252 Chapter 5. Who Can Solve the Problem? 255 Olivier KLOTZ and Jean-Luc WIPPLER 5.1. Consultation and selection 256 5.2. Responding (and winning) 262 5.3. Committing to a “right” definition of the system to be created 272 5.4. Creating the list of technical requirements 284 5.5. Things to remember: technical requirements engineering 290 5.6. Bibliography 291 Chapter 6. Solving the Problem 293 Charlotte SEIDNER and Jean-Luc WIPPLER 6.1. General approach 294 6.2. Functional design 297 6.3. Physical design 313 6.4. Interfaces 326 6.5. The “playing fields” of the systems architect 333 6.6. EFFBDs 336 6.7. Things to remember: architectural design 342 6.8. Bibliography 343 Chapter 7. Solving the Problem Completely, in a Coherent and Optimal Manner 345 Jean-François GAJEWSKI, Hélène GASPARD-BOULINC and Jean-Luc WIPPLER 7.1. Making the right technical decisions at the right level and the right time 347 7.2. Integrating disciplines 366 7.3. Bibliography 391 Chapter 8. Anticipating Integration, Verification and Validation 393 Daniel PRUN and Jean-Luc WIPPLER 8.1. Positioning integration, verification and validation 395 8.2. Integration, verification and validation in the system’s lifecycle 403 8.3. Analyzing input 405 8.4. Establishing an integration, verification and validation strategy 407 8.5. Defining the infrastructure 419 8.6. Integration, verification and validation organization 422 8.7. Choosing techniques 423 8.8. Things to remember: integration, verification and validation 427 8.9. Bibliography 429 Chapter 9. Conclusion to the “Antarctica Life Support Facility” Case Study 431 Jean-Luc WIPPLER 9.1. “Before we can manage a solution, we need to find one!” 432 9.2. “Modeling isn’t drawing!” 434 9.3. Implementing systems engineering 437 9.4. Acknowledgements 439 9.5. Bibliography 440 Conclusion 441 List of Authors 443 Index 445

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Book SynopsisTraditional logistical chains have enabled us to respond efficiently to the needs of customers in terms of services and products. However, the returns, rejects and by-products of these activities have been eliminated or ignored. Reverse logistics aims at valuing these products using a value creation network integrating recovery, processing, recycling, distribution or clean removal processes. In the context of sustainable development, integrating economic, social and environmental factors, these activities raise questions concerning the design of products, processes and logistic networks. Taking these considerations into account involves significant changes that affect business models as well as consumer habits. New working methods and a long-term vision are the new bases for sustainable logistic networks.The objective of this book is to supply an educational tool for engineering schools, as well as a management tool for the efficient implementation of the reverse logistics function. It brings together the knowledge acquired by the scientific community. Even if reverse logistics has been the subject of several books over the past few years, very few theories have been developed and the subject is far from being exhausted. This book proposes generic concepts and processes that can be adapted to all businesses producing goods and services and which aim to integrate reverse logistics. These processes will enable us to shed light on their complexity and to take into account all the important variables. Contents 1. Logistics Challenge.2. Reverse Logistics Engineering.3. Ecodesign.4. Value Loops.Table of ContentsIntroduction ix I.1. Bibliography xv Chapter 1. Logistics Challenges 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Forward supply chain 2 1.3. Higher, further, bigger 5 1.4. Nothing is lost, nothing is created, everything goes somewhere 14 1.5. Nothing goes well anymore 19 1.6. Conclusion 27 1.7. Bibliography 28 Chapter 2. Reverse Logistics Engineering 35 2.1. Introduction 35 2.2. Definition 36 2.3. Types of returns 38 2.4. Generic process 39 2.5. Shipping or redistribution system 74 2.6. Information system 77 2.7. Coordinating 80 2.8. Performance measurement 83 2.9. Conclusion 86 2.10. Bibliography 87 Chapter 3. Ecodesign 89 3.1. Introduction 89 3.2. Sustainable development 91 3.3. Ecodesign 96 3.4. Ecodesign approach within companies 106 3.5. Conclusion 124 3.6. Bibliography 125 Chapter 4. Value Loops 129 4.1. Network design and management integrating reverse logistics 133 4.2. Definition of the value 152 4.3. Monitoring and control of the value on the life cycle 172 4.4. Partnership 185 4.5. Conclusion 196 4.6. Bibliography 197 Conclusion 213 Index 215

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Book SynopsisWood as an engineering material can be technically defined “as a hygroscopic, orthotropic, biological, and permeable material having extreme chemical diversity and physical complexity with structures, that vary extensively in their shape, size, properties and function”. Therefore, using wood to its best advantage and most efficiency in engineering applications, specific characteristics or chemical, physical and mechanical properties must be considered. The products are divided into two classes, solid wood and composite wood products. Solid wood includes shipbuilding, bridges, flooring, mine timbers, etc. Composite wood products include insulation board, plywood, oriented strand board, hardboard and particle board. In recent years, the machining of wood products has acquired great importance due the short supply of wood and increasing environmental awareness among users and manufacturers. The optimization of the machining process centers around the mechanism of chip formation, tool wear, workpiece surface quality, crack initiation and propagation of different types of wood. Other factors are also humidity, temperature, static preloads, and vibrations that can affect the wood during the machining process. The book provides some fundamentals and recent research advances on machining wood and wood products.Trade Review"This book should be valuable in advanced courses for undergraduate engineering students in courses dealing with wood machining. It might also serve as a reference for researchers inside the field of wood mechanics and wood manufacturing." (International Wood Products Journal, 1 April 2011) Table of ContentsPreface xi Chapter 1. Machining of Wood and Wood Composites 1 Grzegorz KOWALUK 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Wood and wood-based composites 2 1.3. Approach to cutting 7 1.4. Main techniques of machining 11 1.5. Problems of machining wood and wood composites – a review 19 1.6. Into the future – further scenarios of wood and wood composites machining 21 1.7. Acknowledgement 23 1.8. Bibliography 24 Chapter 2. Wood and Wood-based Panel Machining Quality 27 Cristina COELHO, Nuno GARRIDO, Jorge MARTINS, Luisa CARVALHO and Carlos COSTA 2.1. Solid wood machining 27 2.2. Wood-based panels machining 39 2.3. Surface quality 50 2.4. Case study: solid wood machining and surface quality evaluation 65 2.5. Case study: particleboard machining and edge quality evaluation 73 2.6. Bibliography 75 Chapter 3. Reducing Tool Wear by Cryogenic Treatment and Cooling with Refrigerated Air when Processing Medium Density Fiberboard 83 Rado GAZO, Judith GISIP and Harold A. STEWART 3.1. Introduction 83 3.2. Effects of refrigerated air 85 3.3. Effects of cryogenic treatment and refrigerated air 98 3.4. Acknowledgements 111 3.5. Bibliography 111 Chapter 4. Wearing Mechanisms Contributing to Reduced Tool Life after Wood and Secondary Wood Products Machining 115 Boles³aw PORANKIEWICZ 4.1. Introduction 116 4.2. Cutting edge-material cut interface 116 4.3. TGA indirect evidence of HTTR 119 4.4. Theoretical QC analysis of HTTR 134 4.5. Investigations of direct evidence of HTTR 140 4.6. Cutting edge SEM image examinations 143 4.7. Synergistic effect of high temperature reactions and mechanical wear 146 4.8. Final remarks 150 4.9. Conclusions 154 4.10. Acknowledgements 155 4.11. Bibliography 155 Chapter 5. Monitoring Surface Quality on Molding and Sawing Processes for Solid Wood and Wood Panels 159 Alfredo AGUILERA 5.1. Introduction 159 5.2. General concepts 160 5.3. Monitoring the cutting process 176 5.4. Surface roughness and quality for solid wood and panels 190 5.5. Concluding remarks 210 5.6. Acknowledgements 211 5.7. Bibliography 211 Chapter 6. Evaluating the Roughness of Sanded Wood Surfaces 217 Lidia GURAU, Hugh MANSFIELD-WILLIAMS and Mark IRLE 6.1. Introduction 217 6.2. Profile filtering applied to wood surfaces 228 6.3. A proposed method for separating processing roughness from anatomical roughness 246 6.4. A case study: the processing roughness of oak surfaces sanded with various grit sizes 250 6.5. Concluding remarks 259 6.6. Perspectives 260 6.7. Acknowledgements 261 6.8. Bibliography 261 List of Authors 269 Index 273

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