Energy Books

Book SynopsisThe wind power business has grown from a niche sector within the energy industry to a global industry that attracts substantial investment. In Europe wind has become the biggest source of new power generation capacity, while also successfully competing with the gas, coal and nuclear sectors in China and the US. Wind Power looks at the nations, companies and people fighting for control of one of the worldâs fastest growing new industries and how we can harness one of the planetâs most powerful energy resources. The book examines the challenges the sector faces as it competes for influence and investment with the fossil fuel industry across the globe. Over the course of this volume, Backwell analyses the industry climbers, the investment trends and the technological advancements that will define the future of wind energy. This second edition is revised throughout and contains new material on frontier wind markets and industry consolidation, as well as the cost reductions and market gains that led to 2015 being a landmark year for the big wind turbine companies.This is an important resource for professionals working in wind and wider renewable industries, energy finance, conventional energy companies and government as well as researchers, students, journalists and the general public.Trade Review'Ben Backwell's new book on wind power is a great read, provides the best current overview of the wind industry, how it got to where it is, and what the future challenges are. Highly recomended!' Henrik Stiesdal, Wind Power Pioneer Table of ContentsForewordIntroductionChapter 1. From Maoism to Lear JetsChapter 2. Big industry moves inChapter 3. China shakes the wind industryChapter 4. Emerging powersChapter 5. The offshore frontierChapter 6. After CopenhagenChapter 7. Turbine manufacturers in troubleChapter 8. The Wind Industry Bounces BackChapter 9. Tipping point: Windpower’s iPhone momentChapter 10. Challenges for the wind-turbine industryConclusion

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Book SynopsisThe wind power business has grown from a niche sector within the energy industry to a global industry that attracts substantial investment. In Europe wind has become the biggest source of new power generation capacity, while also successfully competing with the gas, coal and nuclear sectors in China and the US. Wind Power looks at the nations, companies and people fighting for control of one of the world's fastest growing new industries and how we can harness one of the planet's most powerful energy resources. The book examines the challenges the sector faces as it competes for influence and investment with the fossil fuel industry across the globe. Over the course of this volume, Backwell analyses the industry climbers, the investment trends and the technological advancements that will define the future of wind energy. This second edition is revised throughout and contains new material on frontier wind markets and industry consolidation, as well as the cost reductionsTrade Review'Ben Backwell's new book on wind power is a great read, provides the best current overview of the wind industry, how it got to where it is, and what the future challenges are. Highly recomended!' Henrik Stiesdal, Wind Power Pioneer Table of ContentsForewordIntroductionChapter 1. From Maoism to Lear JetsChapter 2. Big industry moves inChapter 3. China shakes the wind industryChapter 4. Emerging powersChapter 5. The offshore frontierChapter 6. After CopenhagenChapter 7. Turbine manufacturers in troubleChapter 8. The Wind Industry Bounces BackChapter 9. Tipping point: Windpower’s iPhone momentChapter 10. Challenges for the wind-turbine industryConclusion

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This book, originally published in 1995 is a study of crisis management in the electricity supply industry during the 20th century. The full implications of the vulnerability of the industry are examined, with special reference to past industrial action. The authors were well placed to know how close the industry came on more than one occasion to disaster. In the wake of privatisation challenging and controversial questions are asked, which are of fundamental importance to the economy, quality of life and political stability of the country. An account is also given of the past structure, technology and industrial relations of the industry. This volume is an excellent case-study for students of post war politics, public sector management and industrial relations.

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Book SynopsisThis book focusses on power quality improvement and enhancement techniques with aid of intelligent controllers and experimental results. It covers topics ranging from the fundamentals of power quality indices, mitigation methods, advanced controller design and its step by step approach, simulation of the proposed controllers for real time applications and its corresponding experimental results, performance improvement paradigms and its overall analysis, which helps readers understand power quality from its fundamental to experimental implementations. The book also covers implementation of power quality improvement practices.Key Features Provides solution for the power quality improvement with intelligent techniques Incorporated and Illustrated with simulation and experimental results Discusses renewable energy integration and multiple case studies pertaining to various loads Combines the power quality Table of Contents1. Introduction 2. Mitigation Techniques 3. A Voltage-Controlled DSTATCOM for Power Quality Improvement 4. Power Quality Issues and Solutions in Renewable Energy Systems 5. Review of Control Topologies for Shunt Active Filters 6. Control Topologies for Series Active Filters 7. Control Strategies for Active Filters 8. An Active Power Filter in Phase Coordinates for Harmonic Mitigation 9. Line Harmonics Reduction in High-Power Systems 10. AC–DC Boost Converter Control for Power Quality Mitigation 11. Harmonic and Flicker Assessment of an Industrial System with Bulk Nonlinear Loads 12. LCL Filter Design for Grid-Interconnected Systems 13. Harmonics Mitigation in Load Commutated Inverter Fed Synchronous Motor Drives 14. Power-Quality Improvements in Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Drives

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Book SynopsisThis handbook deals with the subject of how an individual can interconnect and inspect grid connected rooftop solar photovoltaic power plants, which includes pre-commissioning and post-commissioning inspection of the grid. It further discusses the maintenance of personal health and safety at the project site. Table of Contents1. Role of Rooftop Solar Grid Engineer. 2. Introduction to Rooftop Solar PV Sector in India. 3. Rooftop solar pv Ecosystem. 4. Pre-commissioning Inspection of Grid Connected Rooftop Solar PV Power Plant. 5. Post-commissioning Inspection of Grid Connected Rooftop Solar PV Power Plant. 6. Maintain Work Safety of Solar PV System. 7. Annexure 1 – Sample Test Certificates of Solar PV Modules and Grid Connected Inverter. 8. Annexure 2 – Guidelines for on Grid Solar Rooftop PV System on Net-metering Basis for BESCOM Officials. 9. Annexure 3 – Guidelines for Utility Personnel – Installation Process of Solar Rooftop PV Systems for JVVNL.

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Book SynopsisOriginally published in 1984, this book discusses the structure of a multi-sectoral, general equilibrium growth model of the US economy that gives special attention to the energy sectors and presents results from the simulation of this model under varying conditions of energy supply. While the book primarily analyzes the effect of energy supply on economic growth, it also presents a new methodology for approaching this kind of problem, but this same approach can be used to model the effect of changes in the supply of any produced raw material on economic growth. Table of Contents1. Introduction 2. Recent Literature on Energy and Economic Growth 3. Structure of the Model 4. The Sector Allocation of Investment 5. Results and Conclusions

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Book SynopsisOil exploration requires proper understanding of the geological set-up of any area to make the process economical and effective. This involves geological, geophysical, geochemical surveys including studying the lateral variations in litho-stratigraphic units in the adjoining areas surrounding the bore-hole, done through study of Dipmeter logs. This book Dipmeter Surveys in Petroleum Exploration' giving all the required backup of the other allied subjects for easy and meaningful interpretations of the Dipmeter data, so that drilling of dry wells is avoided to maximum possible extent and new discoveries to be made, thereby enhancing the oil resource of a particular geographical location. Table of ContentsDipmeter surveys. Dip Computation. Structural interpretation. Folds sedimentary. Faults. Fractures. Unconformity. Texture of the rocks. Sedimentary rock-structures. Stratigraphic interpretation. Fluvial system. Deltas. Inter-Deltaic environments. Carbonate sediments, Reefs and other buried topography. Continental shelf sands. Deep water deposition. Dip Scatter as an environmental indicator. Pre-requisites and rules for interpretation of DipMeter data. Practical examples. References and bibliography.

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Book SynopsisSafety and Reliability Theory and Applications contains the contributions presented at the 27th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL 2017, Portorož, Slovenia, June 18-22, 2017). The book covers a wide range of topics, including: Accident and Incident modelling Economic Analysis in Risk Management Foundational Issues in Risk Assessment and Management Human Factors and Human Reliability Maintenance Modeling and Applications Mathematical Methods in Reliability and Safety Prognostics and System Health Management Resilience Engineering Risk Assessment Risk Management Simulation for Safety and Reliability Analysis Structural Reliability System Reliability, and Uncertainty Analysis.Selected special sessions include contributions on: the Marie Sklodowska-Curie innovative training network in structural safety; risk approaches in insurance and fi nance sectors; dynamic reliability and probabilistic safety Table of ContentsAccident and Incident modelingEconomic Analysis in Risk ManagementFoundational Issues in Risk Assessment and ManagementHuman Factors and Human ReliabilityMaintenance Modeling and ApplicationsMathematical Methods in Reliability and SafetyPrognostics and System Health ManagementResilience EngineeringRisk AssessmentRisk ManagementSimulation for Safety and Reliability AnalysisStructural ReliabilitySystem ReliabilityUncertainty AnalysisTRUSS, A Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network in Structural SafetyRisk Approaches in Insurance and Finance SectorsDynamic Reliability and PSABayesian and Statistical MethodsReliability Data and TestingOrganizational Factors and Safety CultureSoftware Reliability and SafetyProbabilistic Methods Applied to Power SystemsSocio-Technical-Economic SystemsASAMPSA_E Advanced Safety Assessment Methodologies: extended PSARAMS in Railways: Theory & PracticeBig Data Risk Analysis and Management Other Special Sessions

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Book SynopsisExponential growth of the worldwide population requires increasing amounts of water, food, and energy. However, as the quantity of available fresh water and energy sources directly affecting cost of food production and transportation diminishes, technological solutions are necessary to secure sustainable supplies. In direct response to this reality, this book focuses on the water-energy-food nexus and describes in depth the challenges and processes involved in efficient water and energy production and management, wastewater treatment, and impact upon food and essential commodities. The book is organized into 4 sections on water, food, energy, and the future of sustainability, highlighting the interplay among these topics. The first section emphasizes water desalination, water management, and wastewater treatment. The second section discusses cereal processing, sustainable food security, bioenergy in food production, water and energy consumption in food processing, and mathematical mTable of ContentsSection I: Water 1. Desalination 1.1 Model-Based Techniques in Desalination Processes: A Review 1.2 Addressing the Global Water–Energy Challenge through Energy-Efficient Desalination 1.3 Forward Osmosis for Irrigation Water Supply Using Hybrid Membrane System for Draw Solution Regeneration 2. Water Management 2.1 Toward Sustainable Water Management in Industrial Cities 2.2 Optimal Water Network Synthesis [Munawar A. Shaik] 2.3 Rationalization of Water Quality Monitoring Network 3. Wastewater Treatment 3.1 Appropriate Interventions and Technologies for Providing Safe Drinking Water to Rural and Underprivileged Communities 3.2 Toward the Synthesis of Wastewater Recovery Facilities Using Enviroeconomic Optimization 3.3 Water Conservation, Reuse, and Challenges: A Case Study Performed at Amul Dairy 3.4 Occurrence, Effects, and Treatment of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Water Section II: Food 4. Advances in Cereal Processing: An Approach for Energy and Water Conservation 5. Clean Energy Technologies for Sustainable Food Security 6. Bioenergy and Food Production: Appropriate Allocation for Future Development 7. Uses of Water and Energy in Food Processing 8. A General Model for Food Cooking Undergoing Phase Changes Section III: Energy 9. Fossil Fuel 9.1 Energy Efficient Thermal Retrofit Options for Crude Oil Transport in Pipelines 9.2 Process Industry Economics of Crude Oil and Petroleum Derivatives for Scheduling, Planning, and Feasibility Studies 10. Bio Fuel 10.1 Environmentally Benign Biodiesel Production from Renewable Sources 10.2 Process for Synthesis of Biodiesel from Used Cooking Oil: Feasibility and Experimental Studies 11. Synthetic Fuel and Renewable Energy 11.1 Gas-to-liquid (GTL)-Derived Synthetic Fuels: Role of Additives in GTL-Derived Diesel Fuels 11.2 The Role of Alternative Aviation Fuels on Reducing the Carbon Footprint 11.3 Integration of Distributed Renewable Energy Generation with Customer-End Energy Management System for Effective Smart Distribution Grid Operation 11.4 Evaluation and Modeling of Demand and Generation at Distribution Level for Smart Grid Implementation 11.5 A Process to Model Fischer–Tropsch Reactors 12. Carbon Capture 12.1 Application of Rotating Packed Bed Technology for Intensified Postcombustion CO2 Capture Based on Chemical Absorption 12.2 Process Simulation and Integration of Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) Power Plant Integrated with Chemical Absorption Carbon Capture and Compression 12.3 Postcombustion CO2 Capture Based on Chemical Absorption in Power Plants 12.4 Operation of Supercritical Coal-Fired Power Plant (SCPP) Integrated with CO2 Capture under the UK Grid Code 12.5 Whole System Experimental and Theoretical Modeling Investigation of the Optimal CO2 Stream Composition in the Carbon Capture and Sequestration Chain 12.6 Performance of Porous Covalent Organic Polymers for CO2 Capture at Elevated Pressure 12.7 Postcombustion Carbon Capture Using Polymeric Membrane Section IV: Sustainable Future 13. The Role of Molecular Thermodynamics in Developing Industrial Processes and Novel Products That Meet the Needs for a Sustainable Future 14. Green Engineering in Process Systems: Case Study of Chloromethanes Manufacturing 15. Fundamental Aspect of Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting 16. Photoelectrochemical Approaches to Solar-H2 Generation 17. Design and Operating Strategy Innovations for Energy-Efficient Process Operation 18. Evaluating Sustainability of Process, Supply Chain, and Enterprise: A Bio-Based Industry Case Study

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Book SynopsisFor the Movers, Shakers, and Policy Makers in Energy Engineering and Related IndustriesThe latest version of a bestselling reference, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Handbook, Second Edition covers the foremost trends and technologies in energy engineering today. This new edition contains the latest material on energy planning and policy, with a focus on renewable and sustainable energy sources. It also examines nuclear energy and its place in future energy systems, includes a chapter on natural gas, and provides extensive coverage of energy storage for numerous forms of energy generation. The text also provides energy supply, demand, and pricing factor projections for the future.Explore the Future of Global EnergyThe authors address problems that industry now faces, including the limited availability of conventional energy resources such as oil, natural gas, and coal, and considers renewTrade Review"Excellent text. Covers the ground very well. An excellent companion when you are on a learning journey in Energy. A good handbook to hold hands with!"—Prof Ajith P. de Alwis, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Coordinating Secretariat for Science Technology and Innovation (COSTI) Sri Lanka"The book provides a very comprehensive and clear description of present, immediate future and future sources, technologies and systems for a sustainable energy use in all countries of the world. The book also deals with the aspects of Energy Infrastructure and Storage necessary for Distributed Energy Systems with smart grid integration."—Professor N.K.Bansal, CEPT University Ahmedabad"Overall, this is an interesting and comprehensive book that summarises well various information. It is a great reference point and can be used by both practitioners involved in RET and EE and students learning about sustainable built environment. It deals with RET and EE from technical, financial and governance points of view based on the examples from all over the world."—Ksenia Chmutina, Loughborough University"This is the most comprehensive and complete treatment I’ve seen of the issue of energy and our society. The international coverage adds a great deal to the discussion which is generally western-focused. The coverage of technologies is extremely balanced, providing a valid reference frame on which engineers, individuals and policy makers can base solid decisions."—John Gardner, Professor, Boise State University"A comprehensive handbook which covers the most cut edge improvement technologies of energy efficiency for energy generation and transportation facilities using either conventional petroleum-based energy or renewable energy. … The handbook could be beneficial to both experienced researchers / engineers as a guide or reference book and novices / university students as a textbook in energy related fields."—Prof. Cherng-Yuan Lin, National Taiwan Ocean University"Overall, the book covers a wide range of topics on energy efficiency and renewable energy. This will serve as a good Reference for practicing engineers, policy makers, and the students working in the area of Energy."—Prof. Kaushik Rajashekara, University of Texas at DallasTable of ContentsGLOBAL ENERGY SYSTEMS, POLICY, AND ECONOMICS. Global Energy Systems. Sound Finance Policies for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. State and Federal Policies for Renewable Energy. Strategies and Instruments for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Internationally, in Europe, and in Germany. Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Policies in China. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in India. Renewable Energy Policies in Brazil: Bioenergy, Photovoltaic Generation, and Transportation. Energy in Israel: A Case for Renewables. Renewable Energy in Australia. Japan’s Post-Fukushima Energy Policy. Policies for Distributed Energy Generation. Economics Methods. Environmental Impacts and Costs of Energy. ENERGY GENERATION THROUGH 2025. Distributed Generation Technologies through 2025. Demand-Side Management. Fossil Fuels. Nuclear Power Technologies through Year 2035. Outlook for U.S. Energy Consumption and Prices, 2011-2040. ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE AND STORAGE. Transportation. Infrastructure Risk Analysis and Security. Electricity Infrastructure Resilience and Security. Electrical Energy Management in Buildings. Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Control Systems. Stirling Engines. Energy-Efficient Lighting Technologies and Their Applications in the Residential and Commercial Sectors. Energy-Efficient Technologies: Major Appliances and Space Conditioning Equipment. Heat Pumps. Electric Motor Systems Efficiency. Industrial Energy Efficiency and Energy Management. Process Energy Efficiency: Pinch Technology. Analysis Methods for Building Energy Auditing. Cogeneration. Energy Storage Technologies. Advanced Concepts in Transmission and Distribution. Smart Grid Technology. RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES. Solar Energy Resources. Wind Energy Resource. Municipal Solid Waste. Biomass Properties and Resources. Active Solar Heating Systems. Passive Solar Heating, Cooling, and Daylighting. Concentrating Solar Thermal Power. Wind Energy Conversion. Photovoltaics. Thin-Film PV Technology. Concentrating PV Technologies. Waste-to-Energy Combustion. Energy Recovery by Anaerobic Digestion Process. BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS. Biomass Conversion to Heat and Power. Biomass Conversion to Fuels. Geothermal Power Generation. Hydrogen Energy Technologies. Fuel Cells.

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Book SynopsisPHYSICS OF SOLAR ENERGY AND ENERGY STORAGE Join the fight for a renewable world with this indispensable introduction Solar energy is one of the most essential tools in the fight to create a sustainable future. A wholly renewable and cost-effective energy source capable of providing domestic, business, and industrial energy, solar energy is expected to become a $223 billion a year industry by 2026. The future of global energy production demands researchers and engineers who understand the physics of harnessing, storing, and distributing solar energy. Physics of Solar Energy and Energy Storage begins to meet this demand, with a thorough, accessible overview of the required fundamentals. Now fully updated to reflect the past decade of research amidst a growing understanding of the scale of our collective challenge, it promises to train the next generation of researchers and engineers who will join this vital effort. Readers of the second edition of Table of ContentsList of Figures xiii List of Tables xix Preface to the Second Edition xxi Preface to the First Edition xxiii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Shaping a More Livable World 1 1.1.1 Fossil Fuels and Beyond 2 1.1.2 The Paris Agreement 4 1.1.3 Phasing Out Coal-Generated Power 5 1.1.4 Phasing Out ICE Vehicles 6 1.1.5 Economics of Renewable Energy 7 1.2 Solar Energy 9 1.3 Solar Photovoltaics 12 1.3.1 Birth of Modern Solar Cells 12 1.3.2 Basic Terms and Concepts on Solar Cells 14 1.3.3 Types of Solar Cells 15 1.4 A Rechargeable Battery Primer 16 1.4.1 Whittingham’s Initial Invention 17 1.4.2 Goodenough’s Improved Cathode 18 1.4.3 Yoshino’s Improved Anode 19 1.4.4 Current Status 20 1.5 Other Renewable Energy Resources 21 1.5.1 Hydroelectric Power 21 1.5.2 Wind Power 23 1.5.3 Biomass and Bioenergy 26 1.5.4 Shallow Geothermal Energy 31 1.5.5 Deep Geothermal Energy 32 1.5.6 Tidal Energy 34 Chapter 2: Nature of Solar Radiation 37 2.1 Light as Electromagnetic Waves 37 2.1.1 Maxwell’s Equations 38 2.1.2 Vector Potential and Scalar Potential 39 2.1.3 Electromagnetic Waves 40 2.1.4 Plane Waves and Polarization 41 2.1.5 Sinusoidal Waves 42 2.2 Interface Phenomena 43 2.2.1 Relative Dielectric Constant and Refractive Index 43 2.2.2 Energy Balance and Poynting Vector 45 2.2.3 Fresnel Formulas 46 2.2.4 Optics of metals 48 2.3 Blackbody Radiation 51 2.3.1 Rayleigh–Jeans Law 52 2.3.2 Planck Formula and Stefan–Boltzmann’s Law 55 2.4 Photoelectric Effect and Concept of Photons 58 2.4.1 Einstein’s Theory of Photons 59 2.4.2 Millikan’s Experimental Verification 61 2.4.3 Electron as a Field 61 2.5 Einstein’s Derivation of Blackbody Formula 63 Chapter 3: Origin of Solar Energy 67 3.1 Basic Parameters of the Sun 68 3.1.1 Distance 68 3.1.2 Mass 68 3.1.3 Radius 68 3.1.4 Emission Power 69 3.1.5 Surface Temperature 69 3.1.6 Composition 70 3.2 Kelvin–Helmholtz Time Scale 70 3.3 Energy Source of the Sun 72 3.3.1 The p − p Chain 73 3.3.2 Carbon Chain 74 3.3.3 Internal Structure of the Sun 74 Chapter 4: Tracking Sunlight 77 4.1 Rotation of Earth: Latitude and Longitude 77 4.2 Celestial Sphere 78 4.2.1 Coordinate Transformation: Cartesian Coordinates 80 4.2.2 Coordinate Transformation: Spherical Trigonometry 82 4.3 Treatment in Solar Time 84 4.3.1 Obliquity and Declination of the Sun 84 4.3.2 Sunrise and Sunset Time 86 4.3.3 Direct Solar Radiation on an Arbitrary Surface 87 4.3.4 Direct Daily Solar Radiation Energy 88 4.3.5 The 24 Solar Terms 92 4.4 Treatment in Standard Time 94 4.4.1 Sidereal Time and Solar Time 94 4.4.2 Right Ascension of the Sun 95 4.4.3 Time Difference Originated from Obliquity 96 4.4.4 Aphelion and Perihelion 98 4.4.5 Time Difference Originated from Eccentricity 98 4.4.6 Equation of Time 99 4.4.7 Declination of the Sun 102 4.4.8 Analemma 102 Chapter 5: Interaction of Sunlight with Earth 105 5.1 Interaction of Radiation with Matter 105 5.1.1 Absorptivity, Reflectivity, and Transmittivity 105 5.1.2 Emissivity and Kirchhoff’s Law 106 5.1.3 Bouguer–Lambert–Beer’s Law 106 5.2 Interaction of Sunlight with Atmosphere 108 5.2.1 AM1.5 Reference Solar Spectral Irradiance 109 5.2.2 Annual Insolation Map 110 5.3 Penetration of Solar Energy into Earth 111 Chapter 6: Thermodynamics of Solar Energy 117 6.1 Definitions 117 6.2 First Law of Thermodynamics 118 6.3 Second Law of Thermodynamics 121 6.3.1 Carnot Cycle 121 6.3.2 Thermodynamic Temperature 124 6.3.3 Entropy 125 6.4 Thermodynamic Functions 125 6.4.1 Free Energy 126 6.4.2 Enthalpy 126 6.4.3 Gibbs Free Energy 127 6.4.4 Chemical Potential 127 6.5 Ideal Gas 127 6.6 Ground Source Heat Pump and Air Conditioning 131 6.6.1 Theory 131 6.6.2 Coefficient of Performance 133 6.6.3 Vapor-Compression Heat Pump and Refrigerator 133 6.6.4 Ground Heat Exchanger 136 Chapter 7: A Quantum Mechanics Primer 139 7.1 The Static Schrödinger Equation 140 7.1.1 Wavefunctions in a One-Dimensional Potential Well 142 7.1.2 The Bra-and-Ket Notations 144 7.1.3 The Harmonic Oscillator 146 7.1.4 The Hydrogen Atom 151 7.1.5 The Stern–Gerlach Experiment 159 7.1.6 Nomenclature of Atomic States 160 7.1.7 Degeneracy and Wavefunction Hybridization 160 7.2 Many-Electron Systems 163 7.2.1 The Self-Consistent Field (SCF) Method 164 7.2.2 Slater Determinates and the Hartree-Fock Method 165 7.2.3 Density-Functional Theory (DFT) 165 7.2.4 HOMO and LUMO 166 7.3 The Chemical Bond 169 7.3.1 Bonding Energy and Antibonding Energy 169 7.3.2 The Hydrogen Molecular Ion 170 7.3.3 Types of Chemical Bonds 171 7.4 The Solid State 174 7.4.1 Bloch Waves and Energy Bands 174 7.4.2 Effective Mass 177 7.4.3 Conductor, Semiconductor, and Insulator 177 7.4.4 Semiconductors 179 7.4.5 The Band Structure of Silicon 180 7.5 The Dynamic Schrödinger Equation 181 7.5.1 A Heuristic Derivation 181 7.5.2 Reduction to Static Schrödinger’s Equation 184 7.5.3 Meaning of the Time-Dependent Phase Factor 184 7.5.4 Interaction with Radiation 185 Chapter 8: pn-Junctions 189 8.1 Semiconductors 189 8.1.1 Electrons and Holes 189 8.1.2 p-Type and n-Type Semiconductors 191 8.2 Formation of a pn-Junction 194 8.3 Analysis of pn-Junctions 198 8.3.1 Effect of Bias Voltage 199 8.3.2 Lifetime of Excess Minority Carriers 199 8.3.3 Junction Current 200 8.3.4 Shockley Equation 201 8.4 Light-Emitting Diodes for Illumination 202 8.4.1 Invention of the Blue LED 203 8.4.2 The Working Principle 204 8.4.3 Wavelength Engineering 206 8.4.4 The Freestanding GaN Substrate 208 8.4.5 A Brief Sketch of History 208 Chapter 9: Semiconductor Solar Cells 211 9.1 Basic Concepts 211 9.1.1 Generating Electric Power 214 9.1.2 Solar Cell Equation 215 9.1.3 Maximum Power and Fill Factor 215 9.2 The Shockley–Queisser Limit 217 9.2.1 Ultimate Efficiency 218 9.2.2 Role of Recombination Time 220 9.2.3 Detailed-Balance Treatment 220 9.2.4 Nominal Efficiency 223 9.2.5 Shockley–Queisser Efficiency Limit 223 9.2.6 Efficiency Limit for AM1.5 Radiation 224 9.3 Nonradiative Recombination Processes 225 9.3.1 Auger Recombination 227 9.3.2 Trap-State Recombination 227 9.3.3 Surface-State Recombination 228 9.4 Antireflection Coatings 228 9.4.1 Matrix Method 229 9.4.2 Single-Layer Antireflection Coating 231 9.4.3 Double-Layer Antireflection Coatings 233 9.5 Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells 234 9.5.1 Production of Pure Silicon 235 9.5.2 Solar Cell Design and Processing 236 9.5.3 Module Fabrication 237 9.6 Thin-Film Solar Cells 238 9.6.1 CdTe Solar Cells 238 9.6.2 CIGS Solar Cells 239 9.6.3 Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells 240 9.7 Tandem Solar Cells 241 Chapter 10: Solar Photochemistry 245 10.1 Physics of Photosynthesis 245 10.1.1 Chlorophyll 246 10.1.2 ATP: Universal Energy Currency of Life 248 10.1.3 NADPH and NADP + 248 10.1.4 Calvin Cycle 249 10.1.5 C4 Plants versus C3 Plants 250 10.1.6 Chloroplast 250 10.1.7 Efficiency of Photosynthesis 251 10.2 Artificial Photosynthesis 253 10.3 Genetically Engineered Algae 253 10.4 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells 253 10.5 Bilayer Organic Solar Cells 256 Chapter 11: Solar Thermal Energy 259 11.1 Early Solar Thermal Applications 259 11.2 Solar Heat Collectors 262 11.2.1 Selective Absorption Surface 262 11.2.2 Flat-Plate Collectors 266 11.2.3 All-Glass Vacuum-Tube Collectors 268 11.2.4 Thermosiphon Solar Heat Collectors 269 11.2.5 High-Pressure Vacuum Tube Collectors 271 11.3 Solar Water Heaters 271 11.4 Solar Thermal Power Systems 272 11.4.1 Parabolic Trough Concentrator 273 11.4.2 Central Receiver with Heliostats 274 11.4.3 Paraboloidal Dish Concentrator with Stirling Engine 274 Chapter 12: Physical Energy Storage 278 12.1 Pumped Hydro Storage 278 12.2 Sensible Heat Energy Storage 279 12.2.1 Water 281 12.2.2 Solid Sensible Heat Storage Materials 282 12.2.3 Synthetic Oil in Packed Beds 283 12.3 Phase Transition Thermal Storage 283 12.3.1 Water–Ice Systems 284 12.3.2 Paraffin Wax and Other Organic Materials 286 12.3.3 Salt Hydrates 286 Chapter 13: Rechargeable Batteries 288 13.1 An Electrochemistry Primer 288 13.1.1 Basic Terms and Definitions 288 13.1.2 Oxidation State 290 13.1.3 Standard Oxidation-Reduction Potentials 291 13.2 Lithium-Ion Batteries 292 13.2.1 Benefit to Humankind 292 13.2.2 Intercalation of Metal Ions 294 13.2.3 The Cathode Materials 296 13.2.4 The Anode Materials 299 13.2.5 Electrolytes 300 13.2.6 The Separator 301 13.2.7 Packaging 302 13.2.8 Mineral Resource of Lithium 305 13.3 Sodium-Ion Batteries 306 13.3.1 The Cathode Materials 307 13.3.2 The Anode Materials 309 13.3.3 Rest of the System 310 13.4 Traditional Rechargeable Batteries 310 13.4.1 Lead–Acid Batteries 310 13.4.2 Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries 311 Chapter 14: Building with Sunshine 313 14.1 Early Solar Architecture 314 14.1.1 Ancient Solar Architecture 314 14.1.2 Holistic Architecture in Rural China 314 14.2 Building Materials 315 14.2.1 Thermal Resistance 316 14.2.2 Specific Thermal Resistance 316 14.2.3 Heat Transfer Coefficient: The U-Value 317 14.2.4 Thermal Mass 318 14.2.5 Glazing 318 14.3 Example of Holistic Design 320 Appendix A: Energy Unit Conversion 325 Appendix B: Spherical Trigonometry 327 B.1 Spherical Triangle 327 B.2 Cosine Formula 328 B.3 Sine Formula 329 B.4 Formula C 331 Appendix C: Vector Analysis and Determinants 333 C.1 Vector Analysis 333 C.2 Determinants 334 Appendix D: Real Spherical Harmonics 336 D.1 The Spherical Coordinate System 336 D.2 Spherical Harmonics 337 Appendix E: Complex Numbers 341 E.1 Definition of Complex Numbers 341 E.2 The Euler Formula 342 Appendix F: Statistics of Particles 343 F.1 Maxwell–Boltzmann Statistics 344 F.2 Fermi–Dirac Statistics 345 F.3 Bose–Einstein Statistics 346 Appendix G: Measurement in Quantum Mechanics 347 G.1 The Measurement Postulate 347 G.2 Experiments in Position Detection 349 G.3 Tomographic Imaging of Wavefunctions 351 G.4 Einstein’s Opinion on Quantum Mechanics 353 G.5 A Modern View of Schrödinger’s Cat 353 G.6 A Natural Presentation of Quantum Mechanics 354 Bibliography 357 Index 365

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Book SynopsisThis initial volume in the SAGE Series on Green Society provides an overview of the social and environmental dimensions of our energy system, and the key organizations, policy tools, and technologies that can help shape a green-energy economy. Each entry draws on scholarship from across numerous social sciences, natural and physical sciences, and engineering. The urgency of climate change underscores the importance of getting the right technologies, policies and incentives, and social checks-and-balances in place.This reference resource will prepare those with a sparking interest in the topic to participate in what will hopefully become an equitable and intergenerational conversation about the impacts of our energy consumption and how to make it cleaner and greener. Via its 150 signed entries, Green Energy: An A-to-Z Guide provides students, professors, and researchers an invaluable reference, presented inboth print andelectronic formats. Its clear and accessible wriTrade Review"...Green Energy: An A-to-Z Guide, notable for authoritative content in an accessible electronic format, is highly recommended for undergraduate and large public libraries." -- Nancy Cannon * BOOKLIST July 2010 *“This should be a useful set of publications on a timely topic….” -- CHOICE"Green Energy is one volume in a new series of online encyclopedias titled ′The SAGE Reference Series on Green Society: Toward a Sustainable Future.′ This should be a useful set of publications on a timely topic.... Perhaps the most valuable aspect is the capability of searching on hyperlinks. Numerous cross-references are embedded in the various indexes and entries.... Written by experts in each field, some 150 signed entries give the history of a topic, offer some photos, and discuss how to improve or address the issues. Entries are clearly written in a relatively nontechnical style. An excellent and extensive resource guide lists key books, journal titles, and Web sites.... This is a comprehensive guide to the traditional aspects of energy and to future roles for consumers and energy providers. Summing Up: Recommended. ** All levels." -- N. Kobzina, * CHOICE *

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Book SynopsisDespite the length of time it has been around, its importance, and vast amounts of research, combustion is still far from being completely understood. Environmental, cost, and fuel consumption issues add further complexity, particularly in the process and power generation industries. Dedicated to advancing the art and science of industrial combustion, The John Zink Hamworthy Combustion Handbook, Second Edition: Volume One Fundamentals gives you a strong understanding of the basic concepts and theory.Under the leadership of Charles E. Baukal, Jr., top combustion engineers and technologists from John Zink Hamworthy Combustion examine the interdisciplinary fundamentalsincluding chemistry, fluid flow, and heat transferas they apply to industrial combustion.What's New in This Edition Expanded to three volumes, with Volume One focusing on fundamentals Extensive updates and revisions throughout UpdTable of ContentsIntroduction. Refining and Petrochemical Industries. Fuels. Combustion Fundamentals. Solid Fuel Combustion in Suspension. Catalytic Combustion. Heat Transfer. Flare Radiation. Fundamentals of Fluid Dynamics. Oil Atomization. Cold Flow Modeling. Thermal Efficiency. CFD-Based Combustion Modeling. Pollutant Emissions. NOx Emissions. Noise. Combustion Training. Index.

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Book SynopsisDespite the length of time it has been around, its importance, and vast amounts of research, combustion is still far from being completely understood. Issues regarding the environment, cost, and fuel consumption add further complexity, particularly in the process and power generation industries. Dedicated to advancing the art and science of industrial combustion, The John Zink Hamworthy Combustion Handbook, Second Edition: Volume 3 Applications offers comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of equipment used in the process and power generation industries.Under the leadership of Charles E. Baukal, Jr., top engineers and technologists from John Zink Hamworthy Combustion examine industry applications such as process burners, boiler burners, process flares, thermal oxidizers, and vapor control. This volume builds on the concepts covered in the first two volumes and shows how they are used in combustion applications. The book also features a wealth of color illustratiTable of ContentsProcess Burners. Oil Burners. Burners and Combustion for Industrial and Utility Boilers. Duct Burners. Process Heaters. Air Heaters. Thermal Oxidizer Basics. Thermal Oxidizer Control and Configurations. Selected Pollution Control Equipment. Flares. Flare Ignition Systems. Biogas Flaring. Flare Gas Recovery. Hydrocarbon Vapor Control Technology. Marine and Offshore Applications. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe Electric Power Engineering Handbook, Third Edition updates coverage of recent developments and rapid technological growth in crucial aspects of power systems, including protection, dynamics and stability, operation, and control. With contributions from worldwide field leadersedited by L.L. Grigsby, one of the world's most respected, accomplished authorities in power engineeringthis reference includes chapters on: Nonconventional Power Generation Conventional Power Generation Transmission Systems Distribution Systems Electric Power Utilization Power Quality Power System Analysis and Simulation Power System Transients Power System Planning (Reliability) Power Electronics Power System Protection Power System Dynamics and Stability Power System Operation and Control Content includes a simplified overview of advances in international standards, pracTable of ContentsVOLUMES IN SET:ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, AND DISTRIBUTION: Electric Power Generation: Nonconventional Methods. Electric Power Generation: Conventional Methods. Transmission System. Distribution Systems. Electric Power Utilization. Power Quality.POWER SYSTEMS: Power System Analysis and Simulation. Power System Transients. Power System Planning (Reliability). Power Electronics. POWER SYSTEM STABILITY AND CONTROL: Power System Protection. Power System Dynamics and Stability. Power System Operation and Control.ELECTRIC POWER SUBSTATIONS ENGINEERING: How a Substation Happens. Gas-Insulated Substations. Air-Insulated Substations—Bus/Switching Configurations. High-Voltage Switching Equipment. High Voltage Power Electronics Substations. Interface between Automation and the Substation. Substation Integration and Automation. Oil Containment. Community Considerations. Animal Deterrents/Security. Substation Grounding. Direct Lightning Stroke Shielding of Substations. Seismic Considerations. Substation Fire Protection. Substation Communications. Physical Security of Substations. Cyber Security of Substation Control and Diagnostic Systems. Gas-Insulated Transmission Line. Substation Asset Management. Station Commissioning and Project Closeout.ELECTRIC POWER TRANSFORMER ENGINEERING: Theory and Principles. Power Transformers. Distribution Transformers. Phase-Shifting Transformers. Rectifier Transformers. Dry-Type Transformers. Instrument Transformers. Step-Voltage Regulators. Constant-Voltage Transformers. Capacitor Reactors. Installation Considerations for Dry-Type Air-Core Reactors. Line Traps and Power Line Carrier Communication/Data/Protective Relaying Systems. Insulating Media. Electrical Bushings. Load Tap Changers. Loading and Thermal Performance. Transformer Connections. Transformer Testing. Load-Tap-Change Control and Transformer Paralleling. Power Transformer Protection. Causes and Effects of Transformer Sound Levels. Transient-Voltage Response. Transformer Installation and Maintenance. Problem and Failure Investigation. On-Line Monitoring of Liquid-Immersed Transformers. United States Power Transformer Equipment Standards and Processes.

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Book SynopsisThe rigorous treatment of combustion can be so complex that the kinetic variables, fluid turbulence factors, luminosity, and other factors cannot be defined well enough to find realistic solutions. Simplifying the processes, The Coen & Hamworthy Combustion Handbook provides practical guidance to help you make informed choices about fuels, burners, and associated combustion equipmentand to clearly understand the impacts of the many variables. Editors Stephen B. Londerville and Charles E. Baukal, Jr, top combustion experts from John Zink Hamworthy Combustion and the Coen Company, supply a thorough, state-of-the-art overview of boiler burners that covers Coen, Hamworthy, and Todd brand boiler burners.A Refresher in Fundamentals and State-of-the-Art Solutions for Combustion System ProblemsRoughly divided into two parts, the book first reviews combustion engineering fundamentals. It then uses a building-block approach to present spTrade Review"I consider that the main strength of this book is the elaboration of both ... the theoretical and practical, to make it of great interest and relevance to practicing engineers. The language is simple and the arrangement of chapters is good, moving from theory to practice progressively. Besides various types of burners, all the associated equipment like fans, furnaces, controls, and safeties are all covered, making the topic complete. ... Designers, operators, consulting engineers and also students of heat power should find this book extremely useful."—Kumar Rayaprolu, author of Boilers: A Practical Reference and Boilers for Power and Process"I consider that the main strength of this book is the elaboration of both ... the theoretical and practical, to make it of great interest and relevance to practicing engineers. The language is simple and the arrangement of chapters is good, moving from theory to practice progressively. Besides various types of burners, all the associated equipment like fans, furnaces, controls, and safeties are all covered, making the topic complete. ... Designers, operators, consulting engineers and also students of heat power should find this book extremely useful."—Kumar Rayaprolu, author of Boilers: A Practical Reference and Boilers for Power and ProcessTable of ContentsIntroduction. Engineering Fundamentals. Combustion Fundamentals. Fuels. Oil Atomization. Solid Fuel Combustion in Suspension. Heat Transfer. Fundamentals of Fluid Dynamics. CFD-Based Combustion Modeling. Pollutant Emissions. Noise. Combustion Controls, Burner Management, and Safety Systems. Blowers for Combustion Systems. Burners and Combustion for Industrial and Utility Boilers. Duct Burners. Air Heaters. Marine and Offshore Applications. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisFor the Movers, Shakers, and Policy Makers in Energy Engineering and Related IndustriesThe latest version of a bestselling reference, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Handbook, Second Edition covers the foremost trends and technologies in energy engineering today. This new edition contains the latest material on energy planning and policy, with a focus on renewable and sustainable energy sources. It also examines nuclear energy and its place in future energy systems, includes a chapter on natural gas, and provides extensive coverage of energy storage for numerous forms of energy generation. The text also provides energy supply, demand, and pricing factor projections for the future.Explore the Future of Global EnergyThe authors address problems that industry now faces, including the limited availability of conventional energy resources such as oil, natural gas, and coal, and considers renewTrade Review"Excellent text. Covers the ground very well. An excellent companion when you are on a learning journey in Energy. A good handbook to hold hands with!"—Prof Ajith P. de Alwis, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Coordinating Secretariat for Science Technology and Innovation (COSTI) Sri Lanka"The book provides a very comprehensive and clear description of present, immediate future and future sources, technologies and systems for a sustainable energy use in all countries of the world. The book also deals with the aspects of Energy Infrastructure and Storage necessary for Distributed Energy Systems with smart grid integration."—Professor N.K.Bansal, CEPT University Ahmedabad"Overall, this is an interesting and comprehensive book that summarises well various information. It is a great reference point and can be used by both practitioners involved in RET and EE and students learning about sustainable built environment. It deals with RET and EE from technical, financial and governance points of view based on the examples from all over the world."—Ksenia Chmutina, Loughborough University"This is the most comprehensive and complete treatment I’ve seen of the issue of energy and our society. The international coverage adds a great deal to the discussion which is generally western-focused. The coverage of technologies is extremely balanced, providing a valid reference frame on which engineers, individuals and policy makers can base solid decisions."—John Gardner, Professor, Boise State University"A comprehensive handbook which covers the most cut edge improvement technologies of energy efficiency for energy generation and transportation facilities using either conventional petroleum-based energy or renewable energy. … The handbook could be beneficial to both experienced researchers / engineers as a guide or reference book and novices / university students as a textbook in energy related fields."—Prof. Cherng-Yuan Lin, National Taiwan Ocean University"Overall, the book covers a wide range of topics on energy efficiency and renewable energy. This will serve as a good Reference for practicing engineers, policy makers, and the students working in the area of Energy."—Prof. Kaushik Rajashekara, University of Texas at DallasTable of ContentsGLOBAL ENERGY SYSTEMS, POLICY, AND ECONOMICS. Global Energy Systems. Sound Finance Policies for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. State and Federal Policies for Renewable Energy. Strategies and Instruments for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Internationally, in Europe, and in Germany. Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Policies in China. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in India. Renewable Energy Policies in Brazil: Bioenergy, Photovoltaic Generation, and Transportation. Energy in Israel: A Case for Renewables. Renewable Energy in Australia. Japan’s Post-Fukushima Energy Policy. Policies for Distributed Energy Generation. Economics Methods. Environmental Impacts and Costs of Energy. ENERGY GENERATION THROUGH 2025. Distributed Generation Technologies through 2025. Demand-Side Management. Fossil Fuels. Nuclear Power Technologies through Year 2035. Outlook for U.S. Energy Consumption and Prices, 2011-2040. ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE AND STORAGE. Transportation. Infrastructure Risk Analysis and Security. Electricity Infrastructure Resilience and Security. Electrical Energy Management in Buildings. Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Control Systems. Stirling Engines. Energy-Efficient Lighting Technologies and Their Applications in the Residential and Commercial Sectors. Energy-Efficient Technologies: Major Appliances and Space Conditioning Equipment. Heat Pumps. Electric Motor Systems Efficiency. Industrial Energy Efficiency and Energy Management. Process Energy Efficiency: Pinch Technology. Analysis Methods for Building Energy Auditing. Cogeneration. Energy Storage Technologies. Advanced Concepts in Transmission and Distribution. Smart Grid Technology. RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES. Solar Energy Resources. Wind Energy Resource. Municipal Solid Waste. Biomass Properties and Resources. Active Solar Heating Systems. Passive Solar Heating, Cooling, and Daylighting. Concentrating Solar Thermal Power. Wind Energy Conversion. Photovoltaics. Thin-Film PV Technology. Concentrating PV Technologies. Waste-to-Energy Combustion. Energy Recovery by Anaerobic Digestion Process. BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS. Biomass Conversion to Heat and Power. Biomass Conversion to Fuels. Geothermal Power Generation. Hydrogen Energy Technologies. Fuel Cells.

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Book SynopsisSodium Fast Reactors with Closed Fuel Cycle delivers a detailed discussion of an important technology that is being harnessed for commercial energy production in many parts of the world. Presenting the state of the art of sodium-cooled fast reactors with closed fuel cycles, this book: Offers in-depth coverage of reactor physics, materials, design, safety analysis, validations, engineering, construction, and commissioning aspects Features a special chapter on allied sciences to highlight advanced reactor core materials, specialized manufacturing technologies, chemical sensors, in-service inspection, and simulators Addresses design essentials with a focus on reactor assembly including core and coolant circuits, fuel handling, instrumentation and control, energy conversion, and containment systems Provides design codes and standards with sufficient background information to ensure a solid understanding of the underlying mechanics SuppliTrade Review"…I think this book will be useful for students and post-graduate students having specializations in various areas of SFR technology. …Chapters include a lot of world experience related to SFR designing and construction and are well illustrated… I will be glad to have this book on my table."—Yury Ashurko, State Scientific Centre of the Russian Federation – Institute for Physics and Power Engineering (SSC RF-IPPE) "A comprehensive source book providing information about various aspects of fast reactors and their associated fuel cycles would be of significant value for experts, as well as for younger-generation professionals aspiring to take up challenging R&D programs in designing and building fast reactor systems. I am delighted that such a book on fast reactors has been made a reality by my colleagues, Dr. Baldev Raj, Dr. P. Chellapandi, and Dr. P.R. Vasudeva Rao. I congratulate them for their fine efforts in preparing this comprehensive treatise on this important subject."—R.K. Sinha, Secretary, Department of Atomic Energy and Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission, Mumbai, India "… provides authoritative information from a team that has recently built a fast reactor. … covers the full fuel cycle for sodium-cooled fast reactors and includes valuable construction experience. … a very important topic and the inclusion of the entire fuel cycle (including recycling) should make this book very valuable to the fast reactor professional community."—Dr. Alan E. Waltar, Director, Nuclear Energy, Pacific Northwest National Lab, Richland, Washington, USA (Retired) and Professor and Head, Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA (Retired) Table of ContentsBasis and Concepts. Design of Sodium Fast Reactors. Safety. Construction and Commissioning. International SFR Experiences. Fuel Cycle for SFRs. Decommissioning Aspects. Domains of High Relevance to SFR: Typical Examples. Economics of SFRs with a Closed Fuel Cycle.

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Book SynopsisAircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbine Engines, Second Edition builds upon the success of the bookâs first edition, with the addition of three major topic areas: Piston Engines with integrated propeller coverage; Pump Technologies; and Rocket Propulsion. The rocket propulsion section extends the textâs coverage so that both Aerospace and Aeronautical topics can be studied and compared. Numerous updates have been made to reflect the latest advances in turbine engines, fuels, and combustion. The text is now divided into three parts, the first two devoted to air breathing engines, and the third covering non-air breathing or rocket engines. Trade Review"This book is one of the best on the market covering the topic of aircraft propulsion. There is no question that Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbines, 2nd Edition deserves your attention should you consider employment in gas turbines industry or are developing an academic course for your university. It is a resource that should be on everyone’s shelf."— Kenneth W. Van Treuren, Baylor University, Texas, USA"This book is truly a broad scope text on aerospace propulsion covering the whole spectrum of technologies from gas turbine engines, to propellers and space propulsion technologies. The book at its heart is a comprehensive text on aircraft gas turbine engines, hence the title. However, the author has updated the first edition of this text to include more contemporary topics such as a discussion on biofuel economic viability and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) propulsion technologies as well as extending the scope to cover rocket and space propulsion technologies.Overall this is a good comprehensive textbook for Aerospace Propulsion and for instructors looking for a catch all text this is certainly an excellent option and it would serve well on any undergraduate aerospace engineering course as a good introduction to most aerospace propulsion technologies. The more comprehensive gas turbine sections would cover more senior undergraduate and taught postgraduate courses."— The Aeronautical Journal, May 2018 Issue"This book is one of the best on the market covering the topic of aircraft propulsion. There is no question that Aircraft Propulsion and Gas Turbines, 2nd Edition deserves your attention should you consider employment in gas turbines industry or are developing an academic course for your university. It is a resource that should be on everyone’s shelf."— Kenneth W. Van Treuren, Baylor University, Texas, USA"This book is truly a broad scope text on aerospace propulsion covering the whole spectrum of technologies from gas turbine engines, to propellers and space propulsion technologies. The book at its heart is a comprehensive text on aircraft gas turbine engines, hence the title. However, the author has updated the first edition of this text to include more contemporary topics such as a discussion on biofuel economic viability and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) propulsion technologies as well as extending the scope to cover rocket and space propulsion technologies.Overall this is a good comprehensive textbook for Aerospace Propulsion and for instructors looking for a catch all text this is certainly an excellent option and it would serve well on any undergraduate aerospace engineering course as a good introduction to most aerospace propulsion technologies. The more comprehensive gas turbine sections would cover more senior undergraduate and taught postgraduate courses."— The Aeronautical Journal, May 2018 IssueTable of ContentsPreface. Part 1: Aero Engines and Gas Turbines. History and Classifications of Aero Engines. Performance Parameters of Jet Engines. Pulsejet and Ramjet Engines. Turbojet Engine. Turbofan Engines. Shaft Engines: Internal Combustion, Turboprop, Turboshaft, and Propfan Engines. High-Speed Supersonic and Hypersonic Engines. Industrial Gas Turbines. Part 2: Power Plant Installation and Intakes. Combustion Systems. Exhaust System. Centrifugal Compressors. Axial-Flow Compressors and Fans. Axial Turbines. Radial Inflow Turbines. Module Matching. Selected Topics. Part 3: Introduction to Rocketry. Rocket Engines. Appendices.

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Book SynopsisAlternative energy sources are becoming increasingly important in a world striving for energy independence, clean air, and a reprieve from global warming. Solar cells, wind power, and biofuels are some of the competing alternative energy sources hoping to gain a foothold in our future energy mix, and the economic advantages of these technologies are continually increasing as costs are reduced and efficiencies increased. Alternative Energy Technologies: An Introduction with Computer Simulations explores the science and engineering behind a number of emerging alternative energy technologies, including polymer solar cells, algae biofuels, and artificial leaves. It also addresses the environmental need for these technologies. However, unlike its predecessors, this book employs simple computer models implemented within spreadsheet environments to simulate different aspects of the alternative energy technologies and therefore teach the subject matter. This unique apprTrade Review"This book seamlessly meshes modeling concepts with alternative energy concepts and provides the reader with interesting real world simulation examples and exercises. The use of Excel as a modeling platform provides beginners with an easy-to-use framework from which they can visualize each step in the simulation process while checking their results for each step."–Dr. Tony Kerzmann, Robert Morris University, Moon Township, Pennsylvania, USATable of ContentsIntroduction to Alternative Energy Sources. Introduction to Computer Modeling. Global Warming and Pollution. Solar Cells. Wind Power. Biofuels. Hydrogen Production and Fuel Cells.

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Book SynopsisA Comprehensive Review of Developing Environmentally Friendly LubricantsA push from environmentally savvy consumers along with recent changes in governmental regulations have paved the way for a marketplace of products with high levels of environmental performance. Fueled by the growing demand for biobased lubricants, Environmentally Friendly and Biobased Lubricants highlights the development of environmentally friendly additives that are compatible with environmental regulations and describes the approaches being used in this emerging area.Derived from research topics shared over the years at various technical sessions of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE) Annual Meetings, the book includes a critical assessment of gaps and weaknesses in the field of environmentally friendly fluids and biobased lubricants. Each chapter is written by authors selected from the environmentally friendly fluids and biobased lubricants sessions of STLE and aTrade Review"… a novel reference for R&D activities and suitable feed stocks to be used for the preparation of bio based lubricants."—Dr. A. S. Sarpal, Inmetro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"… a very thorough book on a current active scientific area. The editors have done a good job in selecting authors with expertise in their subject."—Joseph M. Perez, Professor Emeritus, Tribology Group, Chemical Engineering Department,Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA"… a useful book for all who are working in this fascinating and important area of renewables. Full of references and novel approaches."—Manfred Schneider, Bergische Universität, Wuppertal, Germany"This book attempts to focus on recent developments in the field, building on accumulated knowledge over the years. Diversity in content and depth of research material discussed, this edition is uniquely positioned to appeal to new researchers in the field and subject matter experts alike." —Dr. Atanu Adhvaryu, Afton Chemical Corporation"… a broad spectrum of cutting-edge reports with interesting findings, based on innovative approaches and sound concepts."—Svajus Joseph Asadauskas, Institute of Chemistry, CPST, Vilnius, Lithuania"This book brings up-to-date information regarding biolubricants under one roof. Provides easy access to other relevant references. Brings topics that are not as well-known into discussion and consideration. A valuable addition to the lubricant world." —Selim Erhan, Ph.D."…a superb reference for those who are new to or work in the field of environmentally fluids with the goal of producing cost-effective commercial products with performance properties equivalent to—or perhaps in some areas—even better properties than the corresponding petroleum-based products." —Tribology & Lubrication Technology, December 2016"The range of biobased products presenteTable of ContentsAdvanced Environmentally Friendly Base Oils And Feedstocks. Biobased Hydraulic Lubricants and Biodegradability. Chemically/Enzymatically Modified Environmentally Friendly Base Oils. Vegetable Oil–Based Environmentally Friendly Fluids. Additives for Environmentally Friendly Fluids.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a comprehensive overview of methods of characterizing the mechanical properties of engineering materials using specimen sizes in the micro-scale regime (0.3-5.0 mm). A range of issues associated with miniature specimen testing like correlation methodologies for data transferability between different specimen sizes, use of numerical simulation/analysis for data inversion, application to actual structures using scooped out samples or by in-situ testing, and more importantly developing a common code of practice are discussed and presented in a concise manner. Trade ReviewThe book covers ALL aspects of miniature specimen testing methods along with specimen designs and limitations for those which are now currently well established with many being also considered for ASTM standards. This book will be an invaluable source for graduate students and researchers involved with small specimen testing in various engineering and science disciplines. In addition, this book is a must-to-have for personnel involved with various technologies where limited amounts of materials are available and/or interested in characterization of damage accumulated in various structures of interest.—K. Linga Murty, North Carolina State UniversityThe book is a very good summary and collection of existing works on miniaturized mechanical testing techniques. The book covers relevant and essential topics that are needed in designing, instrumenting and implementing miniature testing methodologies. The book also provides sound insight on the science behind each of the testing methodologies.— Frank Liou, Missouri University of Science and Technology"This book brings the experience of the authors who have spent more than one decade in the determination of mechanical properties such as tensile properties, toughness properties and fracture properties through the use of small volume specimen testing methods. Being the first of its kind from India, this book serves the needs of young researchers to sensitize them on the fundamental issues relating to small specimen testing methods. The materials considered are structural materials that are used in the power plant industries and the test methods cover all the basic properties required for material’s mechanical property characterization."— Raghu V. Prakash, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, IndiaTable of ContentsIntroduction. Miniature specimens for tensile and flow properties. Miniature specimens for Fatigue and Fracture properties. Critical Issues in Small scale testing. Applications of small scale testing – Case Studies. Towards industrial Applications.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers all facets involving the production and use of ethanol. Topics include the optimization of raw materials, energy, capital, process model-based computer control, and human resources to produce ethanol. It compares and contrasts processes to prepare ethanol using biotechnology processes to prepare ethanol from chemical synthesis. Matters of optimization of ethanol use as fuel/fuel components are addressed based on thermodynamics, kinetics, and usage. It also discusses pollutants produced from ethanol and mixtures containing ethanol, the status of ways to control these pollutants, and what can be done to minimize the harm to the earth's ecosystems due to ethanol and gasoline reactions.Trade Review"The main strength of this book is its multidisciplinary approach to treating the ethanol sector: biology (biocatalysis and biotechnology), thermodynamics, cost analysis, etc. Readers from different scientific communities will find interesting information. Another main strength is the treatment of different parts of the ethanol sector: production and use, minimization of pollution, raw materials resources, etc. So this book can be interesting for engineers who design a new process, but also who would like to find the best process and feedstock for given countries." — Olivier Potier, University of Lorraine, Nancy, FranceTable of ContentsIntroductionYeast Biology and Bulk Manufacture of EthanolProcesses to prepare ethanol using biotechnologyYeast biology developmentDeveloping yeast strains to produce ethanolNutrients and conditionsOptimization of Ethanol Use as a FuelIntroduction to the basis of fuel use in the internal combustion engineLinkage of friction reduction to ethanol fuel useThermodynamics of friction dependence on system variablesCoupling of combustion reaction kinetics and thermodynamicsSample CalculationConsiderations of piston expansion in regard to forces and frictionComputer-based Optimization of the Ethanol ProcessIntroduction Specifications for Control of the Ethanol ProcessApplication of Computer-based Process Control to EthanolOptimization ExampleRaw Material Resources to produce EthanolPlant Raw Material ResourcesBiocatalyst Systems for Ethanol ManufactureBiocatalyst Systems and Processes to isolate and convert Starch and Lignocellulose ComponentsBiocatalyst Systems for Isolation and Conversion of Starch and CelluloseBiocatalyst Systems to act on Lignocellulose and its componentsEthanol Process Synthesis for Cost AnalysisCost Analysis for Optimal Ethanol ManufactureCost Analysis objectives to improve ethanol prospectsCost analysis and Sources of EthanolCost of Ethanol produced using feedstock from corn wet milling facilitiesCost of Ethanol produced using feedstock from corn dry milling facilitiesCost of Ethanol produced using feedstock from lignocellulose sourcesContrast in Costs to produce Ethanol from FeedstocksProcess Optimization and Cost Reduction to reach Commercial ObjectivesConsiderations for Minimization of PollutionIntroduction to Pollution ConsiderationsA Sequence of Historical Events that helped to popularize EthanolPollutants in ethanol manufacture and combustionImpurities in ethanol and gasoline, and in the products of their combustionSpecific Actions on Pollution and JustificationEthanol Co-Products and Derived ProductsIntroduction to Co-Products and derived ProductsCarbon Dioxide Products and ApplicationsEthanol Derived Products and Applications Petrochemicals as a Source of EthanolConclusions, Recommendations, Research, and Business Directions

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Book SynopsisMicroorganisms are ubiquitously present in petroleum reservoirs and the facilities that produce them. Pipelines, vessels, and other equipment used in upstream oil and gas operations provide a vast and predominantly anoxic environment for microorganisms to thrive. The biggest technical challenge resulting from microbial activity in these engineered environments is the impact on materials integrity. Oilfield microorganisms can affect materials integrity profoundly through a multitude of elusive (bio)chemical mechanisms, collectively referred to as microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). MIC is estimated to account for 20 to 30% of all corrosion-related costs in the oil and gas industry.This book is intended as a comprehensive reference for integrity engineers, production chemists, oilfield microbiologists, and scientists working in the field of petroleum microbiology or corrosion. Exhaustively researched by leaders from both industry and academia, this book discussTrade Review"This is an authoritative book, written by world leaders in the field of MIC from both academia and industry. The book is suitable for a broad readership from engineers in the oil and gas industry, to microbiological researchers. There is a good mix of figures and tables, which makes the book very engaging. It has a clear approach to explaining the complex nature of MIC in upstream processing. The information presented is very current making it an excellent resource for all in the field."— Corinne Whitby, University of Essex, United Kingdom"This book encompasses all of the key aspects of MIC in the upstream oil & gas industry such as the importance of materials, key microbial processes involved in MIC, and the importance of effective MIC management – all exemplified by a number of excellent case studies. This book will be of great use to both newcomers to MIC and experts in the field!" — Lisa Gieg, University of Calgary, Canada"I believe this to be a good, comprehensive and up to date overview of pertinent MIC topics that should appeal to researchers and to practitioners of MIC responsible for performing root cause analyses, failure analyses, and coordinating corrosion management plans for oil and gas companies." — Gary Jenneman, GJ Microbial Consulting, LLC, Bartlesville, Oklahoma, USA"This book contains a group of very distinguished scientists and engineers of international caliber with impressive working experience and track record on the topic of their writing. The book contents have a very good balance between basic research and applications and cases, offering valuable important information to practitioners."— Ji-Dong Gu, University of Hong Kong, China"If anybody is interested in the topic of MIC or has to deal with its consequences in the field, then this book is a must-have for them. A very thorough and well-thought book with up-to-date and practical content."—Ali Morshed, Freelance Consultant, Corrosion Engineer, and Author & Trainer, United KingdomTable of ContentsSection I: Materials and Corrosion in Oil and Gas Production. Section II: Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Fundamentals: Microorganisms and Mechanisms. Section III: Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Management. Section IV: Field Cases and Laboratory Studies.

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