Energy Books

Book SynopsisRenewable Resources and Global Challenges brings to focus of the readers the various challenges that are being faced by the resources of energy and other important things in the current world and how even the use of renewable resources is experiencing some difficulties. It gives a deep insight to the readers on the various aspects related to renewable energy resources and how they can be used to produce energy in the future. This book also discusses about the meaning of renewable resources, the various biotic and abiotic resources, the sources instrumental in renewable energy, generation of electricity from renewable energy resources, the issues related to non-renewable energy resources and the technical innovations in renewable resources sector.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe economics of nonrenewable resources addresses some of the most problematic issues concerning the sustainability of the world economy. This comprehensive research review discusses some of the most important and influential journal articles by some of the leading scholars in the field. Subjects discussed include: an introduction to the economics of nonrenewable resources; theoretical foundations for the field; nonhomogeneous resources; exploration and uncertainty; market structure; taxation and global climate change. The research review concludes with a discussion of the empirical research and the extent to which nonrenewable resources constrain economic growth as well as the consistency of the theoretical predictions of Hotelling-type models with actual economic outcomes.Table of ContentsContents: Research Review Robert Halvorsen Introduction Robert Halvorsen PART I SOLOW’S RICHARD T. ELY LECTURE 1. Robert M. Solow (1974), ‘The Economics of Resources or the Resources of Economics’, American Economic Review, 64 (2), May, 1–14 PART II THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS 2. Harold Hotelling (1931), ‘The Economics of Exhaustible Resources’, Journal of Political Economy, 39 (2), April, 137–75 3. Partha Dasgupta and Geoffrey Heal (1974), ‘The Optimal Depletion of Exhaustible Resources’, Review of Economic Studies, Symposium on the Economics of Exhaustible Resources, 41 (5), December, 3–28 4. Joseph E. Stiglitz (1974), ‘Growth with Exhaustible Natural Resources: Efficient and Optimal Growth Paths’, Review of Economic Studies, Symposium on the Economics of Exhaustible Resources, 41 (5), December, 123–37 5. R. M. Solow (1974), ‘Intergenerational Equity and Exhaustible Resources’, Review of Economic Studies, Symposium on the Economics of Exhaustible Resources, 41 (5), December, 29–45 PART III NONHOMOGENOUS RESOURCES 6. Geoffrey Heal (1976), ‘The Relationship between Price and Extraction Cost for a Resource with a Backstop Technology’, Bell Journal of Economics, 7 (2), Autumn, 371–8 7. Robert M. Solow and Frederic Y. Wan (1976), ‘Extraction Costs in the Theory of Exhaustible Resources’, Bell Journal of Economics, 7 (2), Autumn, 359–70 8. David Levhari and Nissan Liviatan (1977), ‘Notes on Hotelling’s Economics of Exhaustible Resources’, Canadian Journal of Economics, 10 (2), May, 177–92 9. Y. H. Farzin (1992), ‘The Time Path of Scarcity Rent in the Theory of Exhaustible Resources’, Economic Journal, 102 (413), July, 813–30 PART IV EXPLORATION AND UNCERTAINTY 10. Robert S. Pindyck (1978), ‘The Optimal Exploration and Production of Nonrenewable Resources’, Journal of Political Economy, 86 (5), October, 841–61 11. John R. Livernois and Russell S. Uhler (1987), ‘Extraction Costs and the Economics of Nonrenewable Resources’, Journal of Political Economy, 95 (1), February, 195–203 12. Kenneth J. Arrow and Sheldon Chang (1982), ‘Optimal Pricing, Use, and Exploration of Uncertain Natural Resource Stocks’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 9 (1), March, 1–10 13. Partha Dasgupta and Joseph Stiglitz (1981), ‘Resource Depletion under Technological Uncertainty’, Econometrica, 49 (1), January, 85–104 14. Robert S. Pindyck (1980), ‘Uncertainty and Exhaustible Resource Markets’, Journal of Political Economy, 88 (6), December, 1203–25 15. Joseph E. Swierzbinski and Robert Mendelsohn (1989), ‘Information and Exhaustible Resources: A Bayesian Analysis’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 16 (3), May, 193–208 PART V ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THEORY 16. John M. Hartwick (1977), ‘Intergenerational Equity and the Investing of Rents from Exhaustible Resources’, American Economic Review, 67 (5), December, 972–4 17. James L. Sweeney (1977), ‘Economics of Depletable Resources: Market Forces and Intertemporal Bias’, Review of Economic Studies, 44 (1), February, 125–41 18. David Levhari and Robert S. Pindyck (1981), ‘The Pricing of Durable Exhaustible Resources’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, XCVI (3), August, 365–77 19. Y. Hossein Farzin (1984), ‘The Effect of the Discount Rate on Depletion of Exhaustible Resources’, Journal of Political Economy, 92 (5), October, 841–51 20. Gérard Gaudet, Michel Moreau and Stephan Salant (2001), ‘Intertemporal Depletion of Resource Sites by Spatially Distributed Users’, American Economic Review, 91 (4), September, 1149–59 PART VI MARKET STRUCTURE 21. Joseph E. Stiglitz (1976), ‘Monopoly and the Rate of Extraction of Exhaustible Resources’, American Economic Review, 66 (4), September, 655–61 22. Stephen W. Salant (1976), ‘Exhaustible Resources and Industrial Structure: A Nash-Cournot Approach to the World Oil Market’, Journal of Political Economy, 84 (5), October, 1079–94 23. Michael Hoel (1978), ‘Resource Extraction, Substitute Production, and Monopoly’, Journal of Economic Theory, 19 (1), October, 28–37 24. Joseph E. Stiglitz and Partha Dasgupta (1982), ‘Market Structure and Resource Depletion: A Contribution to the Theory of Intertemporal Monopolistic Competition’, Journal of Economic Theory, 28 (1), October, 128–64 25. Partha Dasgupta, Richard J. Gilbert and Joseph E. Stiglitz (1982), ‘Invention and Innovation Under Alternative Market Structures: The Case of Natural Resources’, Review of Economic Studies, XLIY (4), October, 567–82 26. Hassan Benchekroun, Gérard Gaudet and Ngo Van Long (2006), ‘Temporary Natural Resource Cartels’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 52 (3), November, 663–74 27. Gregory M. Ellis and Robert Halvorsen (2002), ‘Estimation of Market Power in a Nonrenewable Resource Industry’, Journal of Political Economy, 110 (4), August, 883–99 PART VII TAXATION 28. Ross Garnaut and Anthony Clunies Ross (1975), ‘Uncertainty, Risk Aversion and the Taxing of Natural Resource Projects’, Economic Journal, 85 (338), June, 272–87 29. Terry Heaps (1985), ‘The Taxation of Nonreplenishable Natural Resources Revisited’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 12 (1), March, 14–27 30. Margaret E. Slade (1986), ‘Taxation of Non-Renewable Resources at Various Stages of Production, Canadian Journal of Economics, 19 (2), May, 281–97 31. Larry Karp and John Livernois (1992), ‘On Efficiency-Inducing Taxation for a Non-Renewable Resource Monopolist’ Journal of Public Economics, 49 (2), November, 219–39 PART VIII GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE 32. Alistair Ulph and David Ulph (1994), ‘The Optimal Time Path of a Carbon Tax’, Oxford Economic Papers, Special Issue on Environmental Economics, 46 Supplement 1, 857–68 33. Michael Hoel and Snorre Kverndokk (1996), ‘Depletion of Fossil Fuels and the Impacts of Global Warming’, Resource and Energy Economics, 18 (2), June, 115–36 34. Hans-Werner Sinn (2008), ‘Public Policies against Global Warming: A Supply Side Approach’, International Tax and Public Finance, 15 (4), August, 360–94 35. Reyer Gerlagh (2011), ‘Too Much Oil’, CESifo Economic Studies, 57 (1), 79–102 36. Frederick van der Ploeg and Cees Withagen (2012), ‘Is There Really a Green Paradox?’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 64 (3), November, 342–63 PART IX RESOURCE CURSE 37. Jeffrey D. Sachs and Andrew M. Warner (2001), ‘Natural Resources and Economic Development: The Curse of Natural Resources’, European Economic Review, 45 (4-6), May, 827–38 38. Rabah Arezki and Frederick van der Ploeg (2011), ‘Do Natural Resources Depress Income Per Capita?’, Review of Development Economics, 15 (3), August, 504–21 PART X EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE 39. Manuel H. Johnson, Frederick W. Bell and James T. Bennett (1980), ‘Natural Resource Scarcity: Empirical Evidence and Public Policy’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 7 (3), September, 256–71 40. Gardner M. Brown Jr. and Barry C. Field (1978), ‘Implications of Alternative Measures of Natural Resource Scarcity’, Journal of Political Economy, 86 (2), Part 1, April, 229–43 41. Margaret E. Slade (1982), ‘Trends in Natural-Resource Commodity Prices: An Analysis of the Time Domain’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 9 (2), June, 122–37 42. Junsoo Lee, John A. List and Mark C. Strazicich (2006), ‘Non-Renewable Resource Prices: Deterministic or Stochastic Trends?’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 51 (3), May, 354–70 43. Geoffrey M. Heal and Michael Barrow (1980), ‘The Relationship Between Interest Rates and Metal Price Movements’, Review of Economic Studies, Econometrics Issue, 47 (1), January, 161–81 44. Robert Halvorsen and Tim R. Smith (1991), ‘A Test of the Theory of Exhaustible Resources’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106 (1), February, 123–40 45. Merton H. Miller and Charles W. Upton (1985), ‘A Test of the Hotelling Valuation Principle’, Journal of Political Economy, 93 (1), February, 1–25 46. Martin L. Weitzman (1999), ‘Pricing the Limits to Growth from Minerals Depletion’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114 (2), May, 691–706 Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn recent years, interest for local energy production, supply and consumption has increased in academic and public debates. In particular, contemporary energy transition discourses and strategies often emphasize the search for increased local energy autonomy, a phrase which can refer to a diverse range of configurations, both in terms of the spaces and scales of the local territory considered and in terms of what is meant by energy autonomy. This book explores policies, projects and processes aimed at increased local energy autonomy, with a particular focus on their spatial, infrastructural and political dimensions. In doing so, the authors – Sabine Barles, Bruno Barroca, Guilhem Blanchard, Benoit Boutaud, Arwen Colell, Gilles Debizet, Ariane Debourdeau, Laure Dobigny, Florian Dupont, Zélia Hampikian, Sylvy Jaglin, Allan Jones, Raphael Ménard, Alain Nadaï, Angela Pohlmann, Cyril Roger-Lacan, Eric Vidalenc – improve our understanding of the always partial and controversial processes of energy relocation that articulate forms of local metabolic self-sufficiency, socio-technical decentralization and political empowerment. Comprising fifteen chapters, the book is divided into four parts: Governance and Actors; Urban Projects and Energy Systems; Energy Communities; and The Challenges of Energy Autonomy. Table of ContentsForeword xiii Introduction xv Fanny LOPEZ, Margot PELLEGRINO and Olivier COUTARD Part 1. Governance and Actors 1 Chapter 1. Urban Planning and Energy: New Relationships, New Local Governance 3 Cyril ROGER-LACAN 1.1. Distributed energy: the constant adaptation of urban areas 4 1.2. “Sustainable cities” and new energy systems: from harmonization to a common origin 9 1.3. Reshaping local governance 12 1.4. References 17 Chapter 2. Decentralized Energy and Cities: Tools and Levers for Urban Energy Decentralization 19 Allan JONES MBE 2.1. Introduction 19 2.2. Background 20 2.3. Woking, UK 20 2.4. London, UK 22 2.5. Sydney, Australia 24 2.5.1. Background 24 2.5.2. Sustainable Sydney 2030 25 2.5.3. Green Infrastructure Plan 26 2.5.4. Trigeneration Master Plan 26 2.5.5. Renewable Energy Master Plan 27 2.5.6. Advanced Waste Treatment Master Plan 29 2.5.7. CitySwitch Green Office Program 30 2.5.8. Better Buildings Partnership 31 2.5.9. Environmental Upgrade Agreements 31 2.5.10. City of Sydney Projects 33 2.5.11. Carbon-neutral Sydney 34 2.5.12. Conclusion 35 2.6. Seoul, South Korea 37 2.6.1. Background 37 2.6.2. Fukushima nuclear disaster 37 2.6.3. One Less Nuclear Power Plant 38 2.6.4. Seoul International Energy Advisory Council 39 2.6.5. International Energy Advisory Council 40 2.6.6. One Less Nuclear Power Plant, Phase 2 – Seoul Sustainable Energy Action Plan 40 2.6.7. Seoul Energy Corporation 41 2.6.8. Interregional cooperation 43 2.6.9. Conclusion 43 2.7. Overall conclusions 44 2.8. References 46 Chapter 3. The Third Industrial Revolution in Hauts-de-France: Moving Toward Energy Autonomy? 47 Eric VIDALENC 3.1. The industrial revolutions in the region 48 3.1.1. The cornerstones of the first industrial revolution 48 3.1.2. The successors of the second industrial revolution: the automotive industry and electricity 50 3.2. The TIR’s resources in Hauts-de-France 54 3.2.1. An expanded view of some of the local expertise 55 3.2.2. The basis of local ecosystems 55 3.2.3. Strong political backing 56 3.2.4. The expansion of the TRI/REV3 brand 57 3.2.5. Multiple financial tools 57 3.2.6. Subregional territorialization: energy subsidiarity 58 3.2.7. Network managers are changing their views 59 3.3. Initial assessments and analyses 60 3.3.1. Late, but still a strong objective 60 3.3.2. An update on the TRI/REV3 trajectories 61 3.3.3. A techno-centered vision 63 3.3.4. Tensions regarding the priorities and temporalities 64 3.3.5. From solidarity to regional autonomy through energy subsidiarity 65 3.4. References 67 Chapter 4. Rethinking Reliability and Solidarity through the Prism of Interconnected Autonomies 69 Gilles DEBIZET 4.1. Introduction 69 4.2. Four prospective scenarios for urbanized spaces 71 4.2.1. Large companies 72 4.2.2. Local authorities 72 4.2.3. Cooperative stakeholders 73 4.2.4. Regulating state 74 4.3. Intermediaries with new energy autonomies 75 4.3.1. Energy storage as an essential factor of autonomy 75 4.3.2. Energy autonomies as organizations 76 4.3.3. A combination of different energy scenarios according to the regions 77 4.4. A variety of decision-making scales relating to energy infrastructure 77 4.4.1. The country and the continent 78 4.4.2. Housing 78 4.4.3. The building 78 4.4.4. The district 79 4.4.5. The city or metropolis 79 4.5. Conclusion: solidarities must be reinvented in the era of connected energy autonomies 80 4.6. Acknowledgments 82 4.7. References 82 Part 2. Urban Projects and Energy Systems 85 Chapter 5. Critical Densities of Energy Self-sufficiency and Carbon Neutrality 87 Raphael MÉNARD 5.1. Introduction 87 5.1.1. What can environmental measures be related to? 89 5.1.2. Critical densities and catchment areas 91 5.2. Energy consumption density 92 5.2.1. Differences regarding the 2,000 watts 92 5.2.2. 0.1 watts per square meter as average for mainland France 94 5.3. Renewable energy production density 97 5.3.1. Renewable energy production is Eulerian 97 5.3.2. Energy harvesting plans 98 5.3.3. Quantification of the production flow of a region 99 5.4. Self-sufficiency, convergence: 1-W regions 100 5.4.1. The 7 hectares, surface area per person in the world garden 100 5.4.2. The story of urban transition in cities 101 5.4.3. The fundamental equality of self-sufficiency 107 5.4.4. Some self-sufficiency paths according to density 108 5.5. Emission density and carbon neutrality 110 5.5.1. Post-COP21 and carbon neutrality 110 5.5.2. Equivalent emission densities 112 5.5.3. Carbon sequestration density 112 5.5.4. The fundamental equation of carbon neutrality 113 5.6. Conclusion 113 5.6.1. Continent–sea balance 113 5.6.2. The city–countryside dichotomy 114 5.6.3. The city, an energy-carbon monster 114 5.6.4. The mathematics of density, relocating according to the right proportions 115 5.6.5. The scales in question 116 5.7. References 117 Chapter 6. What Autonomy is Available in the Design of Energy Solutions within French Urban Development Projects? The Example of District Heating 119 Guilhem BLANCHARD 6.1. Introduction 119 6.2. Urban heating within development projects: an opportunity for local monitoring of the energy system 121 6.2.1. Windows of opportunity for local players 121 6.2.2. Urban development and district heating projects still remain subject to numerous external constraints 124 6.3. The decision-based autonomy of urban heating projects from the perspective of urban development projects’ technical management 127 6.3.1. Design of the supply infrastructure: a weakly structured coordination between design arenas 129 6.3.2. Coordination of supply and demand: an even more significant division 132 6.4. Conclusions and final thoughts 135 6.5. References 137 Chapter 7. Positive Energy and Networks: Local Energy Autonomy as a Vector for Controlling Flows 141 Zélia HAMPIKIAN 7.1. Positive energy, autonomy and flow dynamics 142 7.2. The case of Lyon confluence and the Hikari block: a rhetoric of mutualization for achieving partial self-sufficiency 145 7.3. The “right” scale of autonomy and control over flows 150 7.4. From autonomy to flow management: who is in charge? 155 7.5. Conclusion 160 7.6. References 161 Chapter 8. From Energy Self-sufficiency to Trans-scalar Energy 163 Florian DUPONT 8.1. Self-sufficiency or sharing of the heat supply 164 8.1.1. Four examples of scale jumping that question self-sufficiency 164 8.1.2. Assess the strategic contribution of each operation to the networks 170 8.2. Redefining the goal of self-sufficiency 171 8.2.1. Using the cost–benefit analysis? 171 8.2.2. Using a new financial paradigm including the old one? 174 8.2.3. First achievement: 1,000 trees 174 8.2.4. From self-sufficiency to synergies 175 8.3. The importance of strategic planning using project levers 175 8.3.1. Electricity networks redefine their mesh 177 8.3.2. Liège: valorizing the electrical infrastructures of the industrial valley 177 8.3.3. Mains gas seeks its revival 178 8.3.4. From data to planning: cities think about energy 179 8.4. Conclusion 181 Part 3. Energy Communities 183 Chapter 9. Sociotechnical Morphologies of Rural Energy Autonomy in Germany, Austria and France 185 Laure DOBIGNY 9.1. Introduction 185 9.2. Technical choices and autonomy processes 187 9.3. Actors of local energy autonomy 190 9.4. Spatial and autonomy temporalities 195 9.4.1. Bringing the relevant techniques into existence 195 9.4.2. Social and geographical morphologies 196 9.4.3. The influence of regulatory and legislative frameworks 200 9.4.4. The role of energy policies and political structures 201 9.4.5. Pioneer towns: “was it easier before?” 203 9.5. From the construction to the transferability of “models” of autonomy: what impasses and issue are there? 206 9.6. References 210 Chapter 10. Community Energy Projects Redefining Energy Distribution Systems: Examples from Berlin and Hamburg 213 Arwen Dora COLELL and Angela POHLMANN 10.1. Introduction 213 10.1.1. Rethinking networked infrastructures beyond “public versus private” 214 10.1.2. Citizens claiming networked infrastructures in Germany’s largest cities 214 10.2. Situational analyses of urban energy system transformation 216 10.3. People have the power? Citizens claiming energy infrastructure 217 10.3.1. (Re)negotiating infrastructures of decision-making on the power grid: the case of BEB 217 10.3.2. From protest to empowerment: civil society engagement in Hamburg’s energy distribution systems 223 10.4. Discussion: reconfiguring the social in sociotechnical? 228 10.5. Conclusion 229 10.6. References 231 Chapter 11. Autonomy and Energy Community: Realities to Reconsider? 239 Ariane DEBOURDEAU and Alain NADAÏ 11.1. Introduction 239 11.2. Mapping and genealogy of energy community approaches 242 11.2.1. Technological element: innovation at the heart of energy communities 245 11.2.2. The collective element: which communitie(s) favor energy issues? 246 11.2.3. Institutional element: framing and empowering communities 246 11.2.4. Discussion 248 11.3. Scope and limits of existing works 249 11.3.1. A high presence of instrumental and normative approaches 249 11.3.2. The singularity of English language “critical localism” 252 11.3.3. The locational nature of analytical frameworks 253 11.3.4. The minimalist and shifting contents for the notion of community 253 11.3.5. Discussion 260 11.4. Conclusion 263 11.5. References 265 Part 4. The Challenges of Energy Autonomy 271 Chapter 12. Regional Energy Self-sufficiency: a Legal Issue 273 Benoit BOUTAUD 12.1. Self-sufficiency analyzed through the prism of the territory 274 12.1.1. A reality far from clichés 274 12.1.2. Going beyond the productive aspect 278 12.2. Regional energy self-sufficiency: a legal issue 281 12.2.1. Municipalities that become legally self-sufficient 281 12.2.2. The energy self-sufficiency of municipalities: an organizational challenge 283 12.3. Conclusion 287 12.4. References 288 Chapter 13. Electricity Autonomy and Power Grids in Africa: from Rural Experiments to Urban Hybridizations 291 Sylvy JAGLIN 13.1. Introduction 291 13.2. From the “crisis” to electrical experiments 294 13.2.1. Electric disasters and riots 295 13.2.2. Huge investment needs 296 13.2.3. Renewables and decentralized systems: a third way for sub-Saharan Africa? 298 13.3. Electrical hybridizations between pragmatic autonomy and new dependencies 299 13.3.1. Rural experiments 300 13.3.2. ... and urban hybridizations 303 13.3.3. Off-grid under constraints 305 13.4. Conclusion 309 13.5. References 310 Chapter 14. Energy Self-sufficiency: an Ambition or a Condition for Urban Resilience? 315 Bruno BARROCA 14.1. Introduction 315 14.2. A matter of definitions 316 14.3. Technical systems and resilience 319 14.4. Self-sufficiency and functional resilience 321 14.4.1. Functional resilience and system modeling 321 14.4.2. Can self-sufficiency be achieved by managing failures of technical systems? 322 14.5. Self-sufficiency and the meta-system: toward spatial resilience? 324 14.5.1. Meta population, meta-system and self-sufficiency 324 14.6. Conclusion 327 14.7. References 327 Chapter 15. Urban Metabolic Self-sufficiency: an Oxymoron or a Challenge? 331 Sabine BARLES 15.1. Introduction 331 15.2. Energy and matter: urban metabolism 332 15.3. The city and its hinterlands: the lack of physical autonomy 335 15.4. Decision-making self-sufficiency: a challenge? 341 15.5. Conclusion 346 15.6. References 347 List of Authors 351 Index 353

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe aim of this book is to deepen the knowledge of dynamic evolution of professional practices (recomposition of knowledge and know-how, inter-relations, strategic positioning) taking place at the time of the injunction to energy efficiency in the design field, construction and management of real estate. From their experience feedback, the challenge of this book is to question the logic of innovation, to enlighten the dynamic learning and renewal of professional skills.Table of ContentsContributions and Acknowledgements ix Introduction xi Chapter 1 A Look at “Performance” Buildings: An Interdisciplinary Survey of Professionals 1 1.1 Stakeholders for understanding the challenges of energy, the climate and the environment 1 1.1.1 The virtues of active building professionals entering into participation 1 1.1.2 Context and interrelationships around energy-related challenges: the positioning of building professionals 6 1.1.3 Common themes and the questions of the survey 12 1.2 The survey of building professionals in France 14 1.2.1 A nation-wide exploratory survey 15 1.2.2 Complementary investigation methods 16 1.2.3 The analysis: “a radical interdisciplinarity” to question professionnal dynamics in construction and energy 20 1.2.4 Cross-connections with research on professionals from the territories 24 Chapter 2 Uneasiness Among Professionals: Multiple Obstacles 29 2.1 A host of constraints 30 2.1.1 Heterogeneity and the lack of training and skills 31 2.1.2 Multiplication of constraints, economic crises and marketing hype 32 2.2 Prometheus syndrome: The belief in new techniques as a silver bullet 33 2.2.1 The belief in and overreliance on techniques 33 2.2.2 Historical amnesia: The lack of a diachronic perspective and knowledge about the history of technology, construction and architecture 36 2.2.3 The inhabitant as disembodied end user 37 2.3 The “Exquisite Corpse” syndrome: segmentation and the challenges and actors 39 2.3.1 The segmentation of the energy issue 39 2.3.2 The lack of communication and the “blame game” played between actors 41 2.4 From experimentation to standardization and its adverse effects 44 2.4.1 Issues and setbacks in the transition to standardization 45 2.4.2 The adverse effects of standardization 48 2.4.3 A sort of modernism making a comeback ? 51 2.5 Multi-criteria testing: The “trajectory” of problems and solutions 51 2.5.1 The replication of counterproductive decisions 52 2.5.2 “Ostrich syndrome” and “path dependence” 53 2.5.3 The concept of trajectory: “divergence” phenomena and its effects 57 2.6 From a crisis of obstacles, to the devices and the resources needed for a transition 59 Chapter 3 The Characteristics of the Pioneers: Trajectories, Construction, and the Advancement of Their Skills 61 3.1 Adherence to ecological values and the broad array of systems for engagement 61 3.1.1 Environmental sensitivity 61 3.1.2. Wearing many hats: the commitment to a multilateral approach .. 63 3.1.3 Personal experimentation as a driving force for innovation 65 3.1.4 Atypical profiles and career paths, and significant professional mobility 67 3.1.5 The role of reading, the Internet and documentaries 71 3.2 Construction, distribution and adaptation of knowledge, expertise and skills 76 3.2.1 Different countries, regions, and inspiring projects 76 3.2.2 Geographic mobility: movement and transformation of models 78 3.2.3 The role of associations and networks 88 3.2.4 The role of women and the issue of feminization 92 Appendix Selection of First-Hand Accounts from Building Area Participants 97 1 Alain Bornarel 103 2 Alexandre da Silva 119 3 Frank Dimitropoulos 131 4 Michaël Fournier 139 5 Jean-Marc Gary 149 6 Françoise-Hélène Jourda 167 7 Milena Karanesheva and Mischa Witzmann 185 8 Yves Lion 199 9 Bertrand Montarou 211 10 Marine Morain 227 11 Vincent Pierré 247 12 Laurent Vacher-Bruel 259 13 Jean-Luc Vallade 267 14 Delphine Saint-Quentin 277 15 Marika Frenette 289 Conclusion 301 Bibliography 305 Index 327

Read more less

Book SynopsisHydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. It has a place in the energy mix of the future, especially regarding fuel cells (FCs). This book is an investigation into FCs. Prominence is given to the subject of PEMFCs (proton exchange membrane fuel cells) as they offer interesting perspectives on transport and stationary applications. This being said, a number of technological and scientific obstacles remain to be overcome before an industrial level of development can be reached. Table of ContentsPreface xi 1 Introduction 1 2 Introduction to Physics of the Solid State 8 2.1 Structure 8 2.1.1 Size Dependence of Properties 8 2.1.2 Crystal Structures 9 2.1.3 Face-Centered Cubic Nanoparticles 12 2.1.4 Tetrahedrally Bonded Semiconductor Structures 15 2.1.5 Lattice Vibrations 18 2.2 Energy Bands 20 2.2.1 Insulators, Semiconductors, and Conductors 20 2.2.2 Reciprocal Space 22 2.2.3 Energy Bonds and Gaps of Semiconductors 23 2.2.4 Effective Masses 28 2.2.5 Fermi Surfaces 29 2.3 Localized Particles 30 2.3.1 Donors, Acceptors, and Deep Traps 30 2.3.2 Mobility 31 2.3.3 Excitons 32 3 Methods of Measuring Properties 35 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Structure 36 3.2.1 Atomic Structures 36 3.2.2 Crystallography 37 3.2.3 Particle Size Determination 42 3.2.4 Surface Structure 45 3.3 Microscopy 46 3.3.1 Transmission Electron Microscopy 46 3.3.2 Field Ion Microscopy 51 3.3.3 Scanning Microscopy 51 3.4 Spectroscopy 58 3.4.1 Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy 58 3.4.2 Photoemission and X-Ray Spectroscopy 62 3.4.3 Magnetic Resonance 68 4 Properties of Individual Nanoparticles 72 4.1 Introduction 72 4.2 Metal Nanoclusters 74 4.2.1 Magic Numbers 74 4.2.2 Theoretical Modeling of Nanoparticles 75 4.2.3 Geometric Structure 78 4.2.4 Electronic Structure 81 4.2.5 Reactivity 83 4.2.6 Fluctuations 86 4.2.7 Magnetic Clusters 86 4.2.8 Bulk to Nanotransition 88 4.3 Semiconducting Nanoparticles 90 4.3.1 Optical Properties 90 4.3.2 Photofragmentation 92 4.3.3 Coulombic Explosion 93 4.4 Rare Gas and Molecular Clusters 94 4.4.1 Inert-Gas Clusters 94 4.4.2 Superfluid Clusters 95 4.4.3 Molecular Clusters 96 4.5 Methods of Synthesis 97 4.5.1 RF Plasma 97 4.5.2 Chemical Methods 98 4.5.3 Thermolysis 99 4.5.4 Pulsed Laser Methods 100 4.6 Conclusion 101 5 Carbon Nanostructures 103 5.1 Introduction 103 5.2 Carbon Molecules 103 5.2.1 Nature of the Carbon Bond 103 5.2.2 New Carbon Structures 105 5.3 Carbon Clusters 106 5.3.1 Small Carbon Clusters 106 5.3.2 Discovery of C60 107 5.3.3 Structure of C60 and Its Crystal 110 5.3.4 Alkali-Doped C60 110 5.3.5 Superconductivity in C60 112 5.3.6 Larger and Smaller Fullerenes 113 5.3.7 Other Buckyballs 113 5.4 Carbon Nanotubes 114 5.4.1 Fabrication 114 5.4.2 Structure 117 5.4.3 Electrical Properties 118 5.4.4 Vibrational Properties 122 5.4.5 Mechanical Properties 123 5.5 Applications of Carbon Nanotubes 125 5.5.1 Field Emission and Shielding 125 5.5.2 Computers 126 5.5.3 Fuel Cells 127 5.5.4 Chemical Sensors 128 5.5.5 Catalysis 129 5.5.6 Mechanical Reinforcement 130 6 Bulk Nanostructured Materials 133 6.1 Solid Disordered Nanostructures 133 6.1.1 Methods of Synthesis 133 6.1.2 Failure Mechanisms of Conventional Grain-Sized Materials 137 6.1.3 Mechanical Properties 139 6.1.4 Nanostructured Multilayers 141 6.1.5 Electrical Properties 142 6.1.6 Other Properties 147 6.1.7 Metal Nanocluster Composite Glasses 148 6.1.8 Porous Silicon 150 6.2 Nanostructured Crystals 153 6.2.1 Natural Nanocrystals 153 6.2.2 Computational Prediction of Cluster Lattices 153 6.2.3 Arrays of Nanoparticles in Zeolites 154 6.2.4 Crystals of Metal Nanoparticles 157 6.2.5 Nanoparticle Lattices in Colloidal Suspensions 158 6.2.6 Photonic Crystals 159 7 Nanostructured Ferromagnetism 165 7.1 Basics of Ferromagnetism 165 7.2 Effect of Bulk Nanostructuring of Magnetic Properties 170 7.3 Dynamics of Nanomagnets 172 7.4 Nanopore Containment of Magnetic Particles 176 7.5 Nanocarbon Ferromagnets 177 7.6 Giant and Colossal Magnetoresistance 181 7.7 Ferrofluids 186 8 Optical and Vibrational Spectroscopy 194 8.1 Introduction 194 8.2 Infrared Frequency Range 196 8.2.1 Spectroscopy of Semiconductors; Excitons 196 8.2.2 Infrared Surface Spectroscopy 198 8.2.3 Raman Spectroscopy 203 8.2.4 Brillouin Spectroscopy 210 8.3 Luminescence 213 8.3.1 Photoluminescence 213 8.3.2 Surface States 215 8.3.3 Thermoluminescence 221 8.4 Nanostructures in Zeolite Cages 222 9 Quantum Wells, Wires, and Dots 226 9.1 Introduction 226 9.2 Preparation of Quantum Nanostructures 227 9.3 Size and Dimensionality Effects 231 9.3.1 Size Effects 231 9.3.2 Conduction Electrons and Dimensionality 233 9.3.3 Fermi Gas and Density of States 234 9.3.4 Potential Wells 236 9.3.5 Partial Confinement 241 9.3.6 Properties Dependent on Density of States 242 9.4 Excitons 244 9.5 Single-Electron Tunneling 245 9.6 Applications 248 9.6.1 Infrared Detectors 248 9.6.2 Quantum Dot Lasers 251 9.7 Superconductivity 253 10 Self-Assembly and Catalysis 257 10.1 Self-Assembly 257 10.1.1 Process of Self-Assembly 257 10.1.2 Semiconductor Islands 258 10.1.3 Monolayers 260 10.2 Catalysis 264 10.2.1 Nature of Catalysis 264 10.2.2 Surface Area of Nanoparticles 264 10.2.3 Porous Materials 268 10.2.4 Pillared Clays 273 10.2.5 Colloids 277 11 Organic Compounds and Polymers 281 11.1 Introduction 281 11.2 Forming and Characterizing Polymers 283 11.2.1 Polymerization 283 11.2.2 Sizes of Polymers 284 11.3 Nanocrystals 285 11.3.1 Condensed Ring Types 285 11.3.2 Polydiacetylene Types 289 11.4 Polymers 292 11.4.1 Conductive Polymers 292 11.4.2 Block Copolymers 293 11.5 Supramolecular Structures 295 11.5.1 Transition-Metal-Mediated Types 295 11.5.2 Dendritic Molecules 296 11.5.3 Supramolecular Dendrimers 302 11.5.4 Micelles 305 12 Biological Materials 310 12.1 Introduction 310 12.2 Biological Building Blocks 311 12.2.1 Sizes of Building Blocks and Nanostructures 311 12.2.2 Polypeptide Nanowire and Protein Nanoparticle 314 12.3 Nucleic Acids 316 12.3.1 DNA Double Nanowire 316 12.3.2 Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis 322 12.4 Biological Nanostructures 324 12.4.1 Examples of Proteins 324 12.4.2 Micelles and Vesicles 326 12.4.3 Multilayer Films 329 13 Nanomachines and Nanodevices 332 13.1 Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMSs) 332 13.2 Nanoelectromechanical Systems (NEMSs) 335 13.2.1 Fabrication 335 13.2.2 Nanodevices and Nanomachines 339 13.3 Molecular and Supramolecular Switches 345 A Formulas for Dimensionality 357 A.1 Introduction 357 A.2 Delocalization 357 A.3 Partial Confinement 358 B Tabulations of Semiconducting Material Properties 361 Index 371

Read more less

Book SynopsisAlthough most people are aware of the value of developing new energy technologies, the importance of assessing such technologies is only just beginning to be recognized in full. This book, illustrated by real-life examples, fulfils two main objectives. Firstly, it provides an in-depth summary of energy system evaluation methods, the result of decades of work in this area, for the use of researchers, engineers and anybody else interested in the energy sector. Secondly, the vicious cycle of neglect towards in situ evaluation is broken. This neglect is due to its unjust reputation for being “thankless work”: longwinded, expensive, difficult to exploit and undervalued. By scientifically organizing experience acquired over more than 30 years, Energy Transition highlights the considerable usefulness of the approach, not only economically, but also from a human standpoint. Table of ContentsForeword xi Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii Part 1. The Context of Case Study Feedback (CSF) 1 Chapter 1. Energy Transition 3 1.1. The global energy system and its evolution 3 1.2. The necessary transformation of the global energy system 5 1.2.1. Fossil fuels: planned scarcity upstream and environmental problem downstream 6 1.2.2. Nuclear energy: environmental and accessibility issues 6 1.2.3. An overall inefficient system 7 1.2.4. A productive and simple-energy vision 8 1.2.5. Energy transition 9 1.3. The three concordances 10 1.3.1. Form concordance 11 1.3.2. Place concordance 12 1.3.3. Time concordance 12 1.3.4. Economic, social and environmental constraints 12 Chapter 2. Energy Systems and Technological Systems 15 2.1. Transformers and concordances 16 2.1.1. Form converters 17 2.1.2. Storage 17 2.1.3. Transport 18 2.2. From the transformer to the energy system 18 2.3. Effectiveness of resources and effectiveness of results 22 Chapter 3. The Innovation Process 27 3.1. A well-defined process 27 3.2. Limit of these curves in the context of energy systems 33 3.3. Operation and use 36 Chapter 4. Case Study Feedback, the Basis of Learning by Using 39 4.1. Innovation in energy systems 39 4.2. Case study feedback 42 4.2.1. CSF classification test 43 4.2.2. CSF content 45 Part 2. CSF Tools: Operation and Envisaged Uses 47 Chapter 5. The Human Context 49 5.1. Why the human aspects? 49 5.1.1. In vivo rather than in vitro 49 5.1.2. The importance of objective information in the field of innovative energy systems 50 5.2. Who are the actors involved and how are they involved? 51 5.2.1. Actors involved in the innovation process 51 5.2.2. Actors related to the particular energy system 51 5.2.3. Actors involved in the implementation of CSF 54 5.3. How to take into account human aspects in CSF 55 5.3.1. The perimeter 55 5.3.2. The objectives of the CSF 56 5.3.3. The resources 57 5.3.4. The team’s experience 57 5.3.5. The follow-up group 58 Chapter 6. The Energy Context and the Sankey Diagram 59 6.1. A drawing is better than a long speech 59 6.2. Design, development and operation 63 6.2.1. The importance of precise terminology 63 6.2.2. Balance failure 66 6.2.3. To avoid having a chilling effect 67 6.2.4. Shape: graphic rules 69 6.3. Uses 72 Chapter 7. From System to Experimental Concept 77 7.1. The importance and difficulties of a quantitative quality assessment 77 7.2. From the energy system to be evaluated to the measurement concept 78 7.2.1. From objectives to a breakdown into subsystems and components 80 7.2.2. Developing the measurement system 84 7.2.3. Some properties of the sensors and their use 91 7.2.4. Some remarks on the measurement of primary energies 93 7.3. Link to other phases of the evaluation 96 Chapter 8. Data Observation and Global Indicators 99 8.1. Observing and feeling 99 8.2. Energy indicators 101 Chapter 9. Input/Output and Signature Relationships: the Operation in Use 107 9.1. Convenient visualization of an expected relationship 108 9.2. Search for a global relationship 111 9.3. Signatures as simple management tools 114 9.4. The signature as the basis for adjustment 115 9.5. The signature as the basis for a standard 116 Chapter 10. Modeling 119 10.1. Why model? 119 10.2. Analytical and systemic approaches 121 10.3. Modeling and approximate knowledge 123 10.4. Modeling in the context of approximate knowledge of CSF 124 10.5. The steps of the modeling and the necessary validation 126 10.6. Some component modeling carried out in CSF 128 10.6.1. Integrating dynamic aspects to check the proper functioning of a component 128 10.6.2. Developing a more explicit but simple model 132 10.7. Simulation of energy systems 135 Chapter 11. Conducting the Evaluation 137 11.1. Publication 137 11.2. Summary of the CSF process 140 Part 3. The Practice of CSF 143 Chapter 12. Challenges of Innovation: Summer Overheating in an Administrative Building 145 12.1. Background information 145 12.2. Description of the building 147 12.3. The measurement concept and initial findings 147 12.4. Overheating indicators: strict application of the standard 149 12.4.1. Proof of need according to standards 150 12.4.2. Use of the standard by the design office when defining the concept 151 12.4.3. Comparison with the real situation 152 12.5. Building consensus 153 12.5.1. Is the indoor humidity in the offices too high? 153 12.5.2. Is the ventilation through the windows as predicted? 153 12.5.3. Is the ventilation, even in accordance with predictions and properly used, sufficient? 155 12.5.4. Do occupants use night cooling as intended? 156 12.5.5. Is the false ceiling an inconvenience? 156 12.6. Conclusions 157 Chapter 13. Audits or Implementation of Knowledge: Transformation of Valère Castle to a Museum 159 13.1. The context of the study 159 13.2. The Aymon CSF 161 13.2.1. Measures and preliminary findings 163 13.2.2. System modeling 167 13.3. Return to Valère 172 13.3.1. The building 173 13.3.2. The building’s relationship with the weather 173 13.3.3. The building’s relationship with the operation of the future museum 174 13.3.4. The building’s relationship with the technical installations 174 13.3.5. The resulting indoor climate 174 13.4. Modeling and scenarios: proposal of the concept based on the “Aymon system” 175 13.4.1. Real in situ simulation of the new use 175 13.4.2. Virtual simulation of the new use 179 13.4.3. Results of scenarios and proposals 181 13.5. Implementation of the concept and commissioning by the Valais engineering school (now HES-SO Valais) 182 13.6. Conclusion 186 Chapter 14. CSF to Evaluate and Improve the Appropriation of Innovation: the Case of Buildings 187 14.1. Context: from the catalogue of solutions to real practice 187 14.2. Increased complexity of construction and systems techniques well-highlighted by the Sankey diagram 190 14.3. The importance of use and human aspects that are difficult to quantify 199 14.4. The problem of the “performance gap”: modeling to account for the difference in performance 203 14.5. A surprising invariant in the functioning of the “building” system: the relevance of I/O relationships and signatures 208 14.5.1. Modeling the thermal demand of buildings 212 14.5.2. Investment for infrastructure development and reimbursement from the energy used 212 Part 4. Towards Involved Research? 217 Chapter 15. CSF and Learning Through Use 219 15.1. Expertise or contested innovation 220 15.2. Auditing or putting innovation into practice 221 15.3. Feedback: in situ evaluation of the appropriation of an innovation 223 15.4. Big Data and CSF 224 15.5. The different learning experiences 225 15.6. CSF and learning by use 230 Chapter 16. CSF, Energy Transition and Involved Research 233 16.1. Current limitations and potential of CSF 233 16.1.1. The impact of CSF 233 16.1.2. An evolution over time 234 16.1.3. Supporting the trial-and-error approach 235 16.1.4. The exemplarity of the objects studied 236 16.1.5. Energy context and opportunism 237 16.2. Feedback and energy transition: towards involved research? 240 References 243 Index 249

Read more less

Book SynopsisMethods of diagnosis and prognosis play a key role in the reliability and safety of industrial systems. Failure diagnosis requires the use of suitable sensors, which provide signals that are processed to monitor features (health indicators) for defects. These features are required to distinguish between operating states, in order to inform the operator of the severity level, or even the type, of a failure. Prognosis is defined as the estimation of a system�s lifespan, including how long remains and how long has passed. It also encompasses the prediction of impending failures. This is a challenge that many researchers are currently trying to address. Electrical Systems, a book in two volumes, informs readers of the theoretical solutions to this problem, and the results obtained in several laboratories in France, Spain and further afield. To this end, many researchers from the scientific community have contributed to this book to share their research results.Table of Contents1. Diagnostic Methods for the Health Monitoring of Gearboxes, Abdenour Soualhi and Hubert Razik. 2. Techniques for Predicting Defects in Bearings and Gears, Abdenour Soualhi and Hubert Razik. 3. Electrical Signatures Analysis for Condition Monitoring of Gears, Shahin Hzdayati Kia and Mohammad Hoseintabar Marzebali. 4. Modal Decomposition for Bearing Fault Detection, Yassine Amirat, Elhoussin Elbouchikhi, Claude Delpha, Mohamed Benbouzid and Demba Diallo. 5. Methods for Lifespan Modeling in Electrical Engineering, Antoine Picot, Marie Chabert and Pascal Maussion.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book reports and rationalizes the state-of-the-art concerning the social costs of electricity generation. Social costs are assessed by adding to the private generation costs, the external costs associated with damages to human health, the environment, crops, materials, and those related to the consequences of climate change. The authors consider the evolution of these costs up to 2030 for major electricity generating technologies and, using these estimates, evaluate policy options for external cost internalization, providing quantitative scenarios by country and primary fuel for 2010, 2020 and 2030. While mainly focusing on European countries, the book also examines the situation in key emerging economies such as China, India, Brazil and Turkey.With an analysis of the policies for external costs internalization, this invaluable book will appeal to energy policymakers, research institutions focusing on energy, environmental and energy NGOs and trade associations, as well as energy companies.Trade Review‘The Social Cost of Electricity stands out for its ambitious effort to model and quantify the external costs of electric-power generation. . . Without doubt, the data presented in this volume will be of great interest to policymakers and researchers and will challenge future debates on energy policy.’ -- Jim Rossi, Climate Law‘This book is an excellent report on a very thorough analysis of the full-cycle costs of different sources of electric power, with due regard for externalities. It is a great credit to Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.’ -- Kenneth Arrow, Stanford University, USTable of ContentsContents: Foreword Introduction Roberto Porchia PART I: COST ASSESSMENT 1. External Costs Luke Brander, El Hadji Fall, Rainer Friedrich, Stefan Hirschberg, Onno Kuik, Kristin Magnussen, Ståle Navrud, Philipp Preiss, Ari Rabl and Bob Van der Zwaan 2. Electricity Supply Externalities: Energy Security Steven Arnold, Arno Behrens, Christian Egenhofer, Alistair Hunt, Anil Markandya, Adriaan van der Welle and Bob van der Zwaan 3. Private Costs Markus Blesl and Steffen Wissel 4. Social Costs of Electricity in the EU Roberto Porchia 5. Methodology and Results in Non-EU Countries Xianli Zhu, Lars Rosendahl Appelquist and Kirsten Halsnæs PART II: POLICY EVALUATION 6. Policy Instruments Gesine Bökenkamp, Wan-Jung Chou, Olav Hohmeyer, Alistair Hunt, Anil Markandya and Wouter Nijs 7. Assessment of Policy Instruments and Electricity Generation Technologies Gesine Bökenkamp, Danae Diakoulaki, Olav Hohmeyer, Wouter Nijs and Christos Tourkolias PART III: ELECTRICITY SCENARIOS 8. Electricity Scenarios in EU Countries Houda Allal, Ole Løfsnes, Thomas Niesor, Berit Tennbakk and Matteo Urbani Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis timely Handbook provides an excellent overview of our knowledge on the drivers, influencing factors and outcomes of energy entrepreneurship. As the world grapples with global resource crunches and fights to reap the rewards of new energy technologies, a wide space for entrepreneurial opportunity has emerged. The Handbook of Research on Energy Entrepreneurship offers critical insight on how nations the world over can make full use of those opportunities. An informed blend of geographical and methodological approaches to energy entrepreneurship research, these comprehensive and complementary perspectives shed new light on topics ranging from harnessing the power of the sun and wind to consumer preferences and policy frameworks. This book provides an excellent reference point for scholars and practitioners seeking a richer understanding of the aspects of venture financing, corporate entrepreneurship, internationalization of entrepreneurial ventures, emerging cleantech clusters, public policy and the institutional aspects of energy innovation. A must-read for those interested in the scholarly investigation of energy entrepreneurship - including students and scholars of entrepreneurship, technology and innovation management, organizations and the natural environment, and environmental economics, practitioners in energy entrepreneurship, and policymakers - this Handbook is sure to enlighten and engage.Contributors: R. Abold, Z. Acs, J. Aleluia, M.H. Anderson, H. Andree, A. Aspelund, M. Brachert, S. Cohen, N. Dee, P. Dickel, S. Ford, E. Garnsey, D. Grichnik, M.W. Hansen, D.M. Hart, E. Heiskanen, C. Hornych, M. Kenney, C. Koropp, L. Lehmann-Ortega, J. Leitao, M. Loock, N. Løvdal, R. Lovio, A. Marcus, G. Meersohn, P. Mickwitz, P. Migliavacca, N. Peretz, S. Pogutz, A. Russo, J.-M. Schoettl, K. Sutcliffe, T. Teppo, R. Wuebker, R. WüstenhagenTable of ContentsContents: 1. An Introduction to Energy Entrepreneurship Research Rolf Wüstenhagen and Robert Wuebker PART I: THE ROLE OF START-UP FIRMS IN ENERGY ENTREPRENEURSHIP 2. Market Failure, Market Dynamics and Entrepreneurial Innovation by Environmental Ventures Elizabeth Garnsey, Nicola Dee and Simon Ford 3. Prolonged Gestation and Commitment to an Emerging Organizational Field: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Businesses in Minnesota 1993–2009 Alfred Marcus, Marc H. Anderson, Susan Cohen and Kathleen Sutcliffe 4. Entrepreneurial Learning in Energy Technology Start-ups: A Case Study in the Biogas Market Petra Dickel and Helga Andree PART II: INTERNATIONAL ENERGY ENTREPRENEURSHIP 5. Entrepreneurial Opportunity and the Formation of Photovoltaic Clusters in Eastern Germany Matthias Brachert and Christoph Hornych 6. The Rise of Chinese Challenger Firms in the Global Solar Industry Gabrielle Meersohn and Michael W. Hansen 7. International Entrepreneurship in the Offshore Renewable Energy Industry Nicolai Løvdal and Arild Aspelund PART III: ENERGY ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND LARGE INCUMBENT FIRMS 8. Photovoltaic Business Models: Threat or Opportunity for Utilities? Jean-Marc Schoettl and Laurence Lehmann-Ortega 9. Why Corporate Venture Capital Funds Fail: Evidence from the European Energy Industry Tarja Teppo and Rolf Wüstenhagen PART IV: FINANCING ENERGY ENTREPRENEURSHIP 10. Business Angels and Energy Investing: Insights from a German Panel Study Dietmar Grichnik and Christian Koropp 11. Venture Capital Investment in the Greentech Industries: A Provocative Essay Martin Kenney 12. How do Business Models Impact Financial Performance of Renewable Energy Firms? Moritz Loock PART V: COMMERCIALIZING ENERGY INNOVATION 13. Interfirm Relationships in a New Industry: The Case of Fuel Cell Technologies Stefano Pogutz, Angeloantonio Russo and Paolo Migliavacca 14. Challenges of Doing Market Research in the New Energy Market Roland Abold 15. Path Dependence, Path Creation and Creative Destruction in the Evolution of Energy Systems Raimo Lovio, Per Mickwitz and Eva Heiskanen PART VI: ENERGY ENTREPRENEURSHIP, INSTITUTIONS AND PUBLIC POLICY 16. Making, Breaking, and Remaking Markets: State Regulation, Entrepreneurship, and Photovoltaic Electricity in New Jersey David M. Hart 17. International Entrepreneurship and Technology Transfer: The CDM Situation in China João Aleluia and João Leitão 18. Incentive Prizes to Stimulate Energy Innovation and Entrepreneurship Neil Peretz and Zoltan Acs Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is a comprehensive introduction to the rapidly developing field of modeling and characterization of PEM fuel cells. It focuses on i) fuel cell performance modeling and performance characterization applicable from single cells to stacks, ii) fundamental and advanced techniques for structural and compositional characterization of fuel cell components and iii) electrocatalyst design. Written by experts in this field, this book is an invaluable tool for graduate students and professionals.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDie Steigerung der Energieeffizienz reduziert die Lebenszykluskosten von Immobilien und ist wesentlicher Baustein zur Erreichung der weltweiten Klimaziele. Beim Bau und Betrieb öffentlicher Hochbauten muss der Staat eine Vorbildfunktion einnehmen. Aufgrund der anhaltenden defizitären Haushaltslage der öffentlichen Hand gewinnt die alternative Beschaffungsvariante Öffentlich-Private Partnerschaften zunehmend an Bedeutung. Robin Heidel zeigt auf, wie ÖPP-Hochbauprojekte gestaltet werden müssen, damit ein energieeffizienter Betrieb sichergestellt wird. Er entwickelt dazu ein Referenz­modell mit Prozessbeschreibungen für die einzelnen Projektphasen. Anhand eines Praxisbeispiels stellt er den möglichen Nutzen des Modells dar.Table of ContentsGrundlagen zu ÖPP, öffentlicher Hochbau, Energiemanagement.- Relevanz des Energiemanagements bei ÖPP.- Entwicklung eines Referenzmodells.- Modellüberprüfung an Praxisbeispielen.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDurch den zunehmenden Einsatz von erneuerbaren Energien befindet sich das deutsche Elektrizitätsversorgungssystem in einer grundlegenden Transformation. Dies wirkt sich auf verschiedenste Bereiche der Energiewirtschaft aus. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist der Stromhandel. Die häufig starken, durch externe Faktoren wie Wind und Sonne bestimmten Fluktuationen der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien führen gegenüber dem Handel mit Strom aus konventionellen Energieträgern zu signifikant anderen Rahmenbedingungen. Dies erfordert unter anderem die Verwendung von zuverlässigen Prognosen der Stromerzeugungsleistung. Darüber hinaus sind beim Handel mit Strom aus erneuerbaren Energien auch verschiedene gesetzliche und regulatorische Besonderheiten zu beachten. In dieser Veröffentlichung werden die wesentlichen Aspekte des Handels mit Strom aus erneuerbaren Energien in kompakter Form dargestellt.Trade Review“... Gerichtet ist das Buch neben Fach- und Führungskräften auch an den Studierende und Lehrende sowie Strommarktinteressierte ...” (Till Weber, in: Renews - Newsletter der Agentur für Erneuerbare Energien, unendlich-viel-energie.de, 30. Juni 2015)Table of Contents​Überblick über den deutschen Strommarkt.- Gesetzliche Förderung erneuerbarer Energien.- Vermarktung von Strom aus erneuerbaren Energien.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDie kostenoptimale Planung von Solaranlagen stellt ebenso eine Herausforderung dar, wie die Vermeidung von kostspieligen Schadensfällen. Hierbei hilft das vorliegende Buch allen in der Praxis tätigen und gibt darüber hinaus Anleitung für die Dimensionierung und Anordnung von Anlagen. Die Thermohydraulik von Solaranlagen wird ausführlich besprochen und die Gebiete Rohrnetzberechnung, Druckhaltung, Stagnation sowie Entlüftung und Entgasung entsprechend berücksichtigt. Die zur Entlüftung erforderliche Fließgeschwindigkeit des Wärmeträgers wird in der Theorie beschrieben, experimentell bestimmt und die Ergebnisse im Hinblick auf die praktische Anwendung erörtert.Table of ContentsModellierung von solarthermischen Kollektoren, Schwerpunkt Material- und Kosteneffizienz.- Rohrnetzberechnung.- Grundlagen der Zweiphasenströmung mit und ohne Phasenwechsel.- Stagnation von Solaranlagen, Berechnen der Dampfreichweite.- Dimensionierung von Membran- und Kompressordruckhaltungen.- Selbstentlüftung von Rohrleitungen.- Methoden zur Entgasung von Solarkreisläufen.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAusgewählte, wichtige Technologiefelder im Bereich Energieerzeugung, -verteilung und -verbrauch werden anhand ihrer technischen und wirtschaftlichen Entwicklungsziele, ihrer System- und Marktrelevanz sowie der wichtigsten Treiber und Hemmnisse dargestellt. Vor dem Hintergrund des heutigen technischen und ökonomischen Entwicklungsstandes werden zukünftige Forschungs- und Entwicklungsziele, im deutschen und perspektivisch im europäischen Energiesystem, für die nächsten 10 bis 15 Jahre identifiziert. In einer eigenen Technologie-Roadmap werden diese Fakten und Entwicklungen übersichtsartig zusammengefasst.Trade Review“Dieses Nachschlagebuch liefert Grundlageninformation für Wissenschaftler, Wirtschaftsingenieure und Politiker. ... Dieses Nachschlagewerk gibt einen sehr guten Überblick zu den Energietechnologien der Zukunft und wird der angesprochenen Leserschaft empfohlen.” (Claudia Bäßler, in: Materials and Corrosion, Jg. 67, Heft 8, 2016)“... Das Buch richtet sich an Ingenieure, Wirtschaftswissenschaftler, Geschäftsführer und Unternehmer in den Bereichen Energietechnologien und -versorgung sowie Studierende und Dozenten aus den Fachbereichen Energietechnik, Energiewirtschaft, Elektrotechnik, Wirtschaftsingenieurwesen, Technikfolgenabschätzung.” (in: BWK Das Energie-Fachmagazin, Heft 5, 2016)Table of ContentsSzenarien, robuste Trends und Technikauswahl.- Kraftwerkstechnik für fossile Brenstoffe.- Gaskraftwerke.- Kohlekraftwerke.- Erneuerbare Energietechnologien.- Photovoltaik.- Solarthermische Kraftwerke.- Windenergie.- Energiespeicher.- Latentwärmespeicher.- Druckluftspeicher.- Elektrochemische Speicher.- Power to Gas.- Wasserstoffspeicherkraftwerke.- Elektrizitätsnetze.- Übertragungsnetze.- Verteilnetze.- Effizienztechnologien und Mikro-KWK.- Mikro-KWK.- Raumklimatisierung.- Wärmepumpen.- Energieeefizienz in den Sektoren Industrie, GHD und Haushalte.- Verbrauchsteuerung.- Elektromobilität.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWolfgang Osterhage stellt die für eine praktische Energiegewinnung erforderlichen Kenntnisse der Strömungsmechanik und des Elektromagnetismus vor. Er baut seine Grundlagenüberlegungen auf den beiden Hauptsätzen der Thermodynamik auf, die besagen: Es kann an Energie nichts hinzugefügt und nichts hinweg genommen werden. Und: Wir verlieren bei jeder Umwandlung nutzbare Energie. Der Autor behandelt zudem Energiebilanzen, die Konzepte von Anergie und Exergie sowie die Rolle der Entropie in physikalischen Prozessen.Table of ContentsWas steht uns seit dem Urknall an Gesamtenergie und Masse zur Verfügung?.- 1. und 2. Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik.- Strömungsmechanik und Elektromagnetismus.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDie Autoren zeigen, wie Werften und Reedereien sowie deren Zulieferer ein eigenes Dienstleistungsgeschäft innerhalb der Offshore-Windenergiebranche aufbauen können. Dabei beschreiben sie Potenziale und zeigen Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze auf. Das hier beschriebene Vorgehen bietet eine valide Basis zur Identifikation von Markteintrittsstrategien im Offshore-Windparkbetrieb und ermöglicht Unternehmen so, die durch die Energiewende entstehenden Chancen optimal zu nutzen.Table of Contents​Offshore-Windenergiebranche als Markt für Unternehmen der maritimen Industrie.- Dienstleistungspotenziale in der Betriebsphase von Offshore-Windenergieanlagen.- Kompetenzen und Ressourcen zur Erbringung maritimer Dienstleistungen.- Steuerungskonzept zum Aufbau des Dienstleistungsgeschäfts.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDie Offshore-Windenergie wird in der zukünftigen Stromversorgung eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. Diese Entwicklung steht aber gerade erst an ihrem Anfang. Ein großes Team aus Forschung, Industrie, Verwaltung und Politik hat sich deshalb zum Ziel gesetzt, die aktuellen und grundlegenden Fragen der Offshore-Windenergienutzung zu bearbeiten. Über 100 Forscher der RAVE-Initiative (Research at alpha ventus) arbeiteten in interdisziplinären Forschungsprojekten daran, unser Wissen zu erweitern und anwendungsorientierte Lösungen für die Offshore-Windenergie zu finden. Damit tragen sie dazu bei, die Offshore-Windenergie als eine zuverlässige, nachhaltige und kostengünstige Energiequelle auf Dauer zu etablieren. Im Testfeld alpha ventus, Deutschlands erstem Offshore-Windpark, wurden die Voraussetzungen für diese Forschung geschaffen. Der Windpark wurde mit umfangreicher Messtechnik ausgestattet: Über 1200 Messgrößen werden aufgezeichnet und sind über ein zentrales Forschungsarchiv zugänglich. Die Forscher der RAVE-Initiative haben somit die weltweit einmalige Möglichkeit, eine Vielzahl von Messdaten aus einem operativen Windpark zu nutzen. Die Auswertungen erfolgen dezentral an Forschungseinrichtungen im gesamten Bundesgebiet. Über Ziele, Methoden und Schwierigkeiten der RAVE-Forschungsprojekte wird in allgemeinverständlicher Form berichtet und die Ergebnisse sowie ihre Bedeutung für die weitere Nutzung der Offshore-Windenergie dargestellt.Der Leser erhält somit einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Offshore-Windenergieforschung und die Ergebnisse der Forschungsarbeiten. Trade Review Table of Contents

Read more less

Book SynopsisWolfgang Osterhage stellt, aufbauend auf den Grundlagen der Thermodynamik, die heute angebotenen technischen Lösungen der Energieumwandlung in nutzbare elektrische Energie und Wärme vor. Dabei beschreibt der Autor komprimiert sowohl traditionelle Kraftwerke als auch die aktuell bevorzugten Formen der Energiegewinnung durch Wind, Sonneneinstrahlung und Erdwärme. Er bietet damit ein Kompendium zum Verständnis der aktuellen Energiediskussion. Zum Schluss erfolgt ein Ausblick auf vielversprechende, aber technologisch noch unausgereifte Verfahren.Table of ContentsEinleitung.- Dampfkraftanlagen.- Solarkraftwerke.- Photovoltaik.- Windkraft.- Biomasse.- Biogas.- Erdwärme.- Wasserkraft.- Weitere Ansätze.- Schluss.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDieses Buch analysiert die langfristigen Strategien der Energiewende im Zusammenhang mit den systemtechnischen Ansätzen und den Möglichkeiten einer fairen, bezahlbaren und vor allem sicheren Energieversorgung. Dies erfordert einen Paradigmenwechsel zur gesamtheitlichen Betrachtung der Potenziale, Infrastrukturkosten, energetischen Bilanzierungs- und Regelungsverfahren, Speicherung und Umweltauswirkungen. Durch diese gesamtheitliche Betrachtungsweise empfiehlt es sich für Praktiker und Politiker. Sachverhalte werden unter anderem anhand von Gleichungen dargestellt und das Buch ist auch für Studierende technischer Fächer als Vertiefung geeignet. Table of ContentsEnergiesituation heute.- Grundlagen der dezentralen nachhaltigen Energieversorgung.- Windenergie und Photovoltaik mit neuer Auslegung für minimierten Netzausbau.- Bilanzierung und Ausgleichsenergie bei fluktuierender Erzeugung.- Neue Netzregelungsverfahren durch regenerative Energiequellen.- Dezentrale Energieversorgung mit vorbilanzierten teilautonomen Energiezellen.- Rahmenbedingung und Strategien für Europa, Deutschland und Österreich.- Dezentrale Marktmodelle und automatisierte Bilanzgruppen.- Potenziale und langfristige Umsetzungen der Energiewende.- Bedeutung der Energieeffizienz.- Roadmap Deutschland 2050.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDanny Kreyenberg zeigt den technologischen Stand der alternativen Antriebe auf und untersucht die Bedingungen zur Erreichung der ambitionierten Zielkosten für Batterien und Brennstoffzellen mittels einer neuartigen 2-Faktor-Erfahrungskurve. Ferner diskutiert er die gesetzlichen und fiskalpolitischen Instrumente, die dem Staat zur Förderung der alternativen Antriebe zur Verfügung stehen. Der Autor zeigt, dass deren komplexe Wirkung bis jetzt mit Fokus auf die Privatnutzer in Deutschland wenig untersucht wurde. Er bestimmt deren Präferenzen beim Kauf eines Mittelklasse-Pkw anhand einer Conjoint-Analyse von 408 Privatkunden. Nach der Marktentwicklung und der Analyse der Förderinstrumente scheint ein schneller Markthochlauf in Deutschland ohne staatliche Förderung nicht möglich.Table of ContentsUntersuchungsrahmen und Fahrzeugtechnologien.- Kostenanalysen, Ökobilanzierung und Kundennutzen von alternativen Antrieben.- Modellentwicklung und Bewertung.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDie stoffliche Nutzung nachwachsender Rohstoffe wird in der ganzen Breite aller Stoffe dargestellt und dazu nach chemischen Stofffamilien gegliedert. Dabei werden das Vorkommen in der Natur bzw. die Herstellung der Materialien, Struktur und Eigenschaften, Anwendungen sowie ökonomische und ökologische Aspekte behandelt und damit eine ganzheitliche Darstellung des Gebietes gegeben. Eine umfangreiche Einleitung und die schwerpunktartige Vertiefung verschiedener Fragestellungen in den jeweiligen Materialkapiteln zeigen die komplexen Randbedingungen denen dieses Technikfeld unterworfen ist.Trade Review“... Dieses Buch gibt einen Überblick über nachwachsende Rohstoffe und ihre werkstoffliche Anwendung. ... Die Zielgruppen sind Fachleute und Praktiker aus allen Bereichen der Industrie, und Studenten die sich in den Fachrichtungen Materialentwicklung, Biotechnologie, Verfahrenstechnik befassen.” (in: IBO magazin, Heft 2, 2015)Table of ContentsEinleitung:Fossile Ressourcen - Klimawandel - Anbauflächen - Reststoffe - Bioraffinerien - Werkstoffliche AspekteTeil A: Biopolymere aus der Natur:Proteine - Kollagen, Leder, Gelatine, Casein, Wolle, SeidePolysaccharide - Cellulose, Papier, Chitin, Stärke, Gummen, AlginatePolyester - Polyhydroxyalkanoate, Kork, SchellackBiopolymere mit Netzwerkstruktur: Lignin (Holz), KautschukTeil B: Biopolymere aus biogenen MonomerenPolyester, Polymilchsäure (PLA), Polyesterharze, Alkohole, Kolophonium, Polyolefine, PVC, Furanharze, Polyamide, Polymere aus Ölen und Fetten, Polyurethane

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisDeveloped in conjunction with several oil companies using experimental data for real reservoir fluids, Phase Behavior of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids introduces industry standard methods for modeling the phase behavior of petroleum reservoir fluids at different stages in the process. Keeping mathematics to a minimum, this book discusses sampling, characterization, compositional analyses, and equations of state used to simulate various pressurevolumetemperature (PVT) properties of reservoir fluids. The Third Edition has been updated throughout. Reflects advances in equation of state modeling for reservoir fluids and CO2-rich fluids Presents association models along with non-classical mixing rules for handling fluids with aqueous components Has an extended coverage of reservoir fluid communication, energy properties, and asphaltene precipitation Provides practical knowledge essential for achieviTable of Contents1. Petroleum Reservoir Fluids. 2. Sampling, Quality Control, and Compositional Analyses. 3. PVT Experiments. 4. Equations of State. 5. C7+ Characterization. 6. Flash and Phase Envelope Calculations. 7. PVT Simulation. 8. Thermal Properties. 9. Regression to Experimental PVT Data. 10. Transport Properties. 11. Wax Formation. 12. Asphaltenes. 13. Gas Hydrates. 14. Compositional Variations with Depth. 15. Gas Injection EOR. 16. Formation Water and Hydrate Inhibitors. 17. Scale Precipitation.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDiscover a straightforward and holistic look at energy conversion and conservation processes using the exergy concept with this thorough text. Explains the fundamental energy conversion processes in numerous diverse systems, ranging from jet engines and nuclear reactors to human bodies. Provides examples for applications to practical energy conversion processes and systems that use our naturally occurring energy resources, such as fossil fuels, solar energy, wind, geothermal, and nuclear fuels. With more than one-hundred diverse cases and solved examples, readers will be able to perform optimizations for a cleaner environment, a sustainable energy future, and affordable energy generation. An essential tool for practicing scientists and engineers who work or do research in the area of energy and exergy, as well as graduate students and faculty in chemical engineering, mechanical engineering and physics.Trade Review'Beginners will discover a simple and holistic view of the energy conversion and conservation process with an exergy concept. The concise but practical description of the fundamental energy conversion process in various systems, from jet engines and nuclear reactors to the human body, is given. Readers can find useful examples of practical energy conversion processes and systems that use naturally occurring energy resources such as fossil fuels, solar energy, wind power, geothermal power, and nuclear fuel. The chapter 'Exergy in Biological Systems' is an outstanding feature of this textbook. Readers can find fundamental examples with solutions of biomass energy conversion system, such as, 'Animal and Human Systems', 'Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Biological Systems', and 'Entropy Production and Exergy Destruction in Humans.'' Yoshiharu Amano, Waseda University'The book offers a treatment of the exergy concept by fuel type, energy utilization, system scale and contemporary industrial technologies and natural systems. Treatment of exergy in plant, animal and natural systems expands the value of this book well beyond industrial applications. Economic aspects of sustainable energy and exergy concepts complete the well-rounded comprehensive treatment of the subject. The book is a fundamental reference and a must read for students, scientists and engineers.' F. A. Kulacki, University of Minnesota'An excellent reference book extending the application of exergy analysis to several relevant contexts with practical examples: electrical and reactive systems, drying, desalination, transportation, energy storage, environmental sustainability and biological systems including human body metabolism and physical activity. Recommended and full of attractive ideas.' Giampaolo Manfrida, University of Florence'This book tackles exergy in a truly unique way that makes the reader appreciate its meaning and applicability to everyday systems and devices undergoing energy conversion processes. The book has numerous examples and problems that make it not only a great reference book on the subject, but also a great textbook for graduate and senior level undergraduate courses in energy conversion.' S. A. Sherif, University of Florida'Exergy quantifies the work potential of energy forms and energy resources and is a crucial concept for modern-day energy efficiency assessments. This book shows how exergy is used when analysing, developing, designing or retrofitting processes and systems - not only power plants! - that use and convert energy. Energy can neither be consumed nor destroyed - but exergy can be, and energy not used offers new opportunities, now or later.' Ron Zevenhoven, Åbo Akademi University'This volume by engineering professor Michaelides (Texas Christian Univ.) is essentially an intermediate thermodynamics textbook with an emphasis on losses during energy conversion processes … This book will be most appreciated by postgraduate scholars and instructors who want to advance their existing knowledge of energy conversion processes … Recommended.' M. Alam, Choice MagazineTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Exergy; 3. Energy conversion systems and processes; 4. Exergy consumption and conservation; 5. Exergy in biological systems; 6. Ecosystems, the environment, and sustainability; 7. Optimization and exergoeconomics.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDuring the last five decades, computational aerodynamics has emerged as an engineering field that creates new horizons for aerodynamic simulation via sophisticated numerical algorithms. This book is a unique reference on the foundations, methods, and applications of this rapidly developing field. It is designed for a wide audience, from graduate students to experienced researchers and professionals in the aerospace engineering field. The book opens with a presentation of the essential elements of computational aerodynamics, including the relevant mathematical methods of fluid flow and numerical methods for partial differential equations. The introductory chapters are followed by a comprehensive presentation of stability theory, shock capturing schemes, viscous flow, and time integration. The final chapters treat more advanced topics. The book is a rich source of information that is essential for further fundamental research, with applications in aeronautics and a wide range of other fields, such as automotive design, wind turbines, and astrophysics--Trade Review'This is a clear, detailed, and thorough treatment of a complex subject. Professor Jameson masterfully weaves together the ingredients needed for the simulation of aerodynamic flows, starting from a mathematical understanding of the model equations and presenting the numerical methods with detail and rigor. It is a deeply enjoyable book that will be valuable to those in the Computational Aerodynamics community as well as many other computational scientists.' Sigal Gottlieb, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth'Professor Jameson's text is accessible, timely, well structured, and complete. Initially, it runs through historical methods and finishes with modern state-of-the-art Computational Aerodynamics approaches. The latter includes high-order methods, which are especially timely. This excellent book is a must-have for anyone who wants a classical grounding in modern Computational Aerodynamics. It is suitable for both those based in academia and industry. I could not recommend a book more highly.' Paul Tucker, University of Cambridge'Antony Jameson has created a classic on Computational Aerodynamics that encapsulates his pioneering contributions to the development and application of methods for simulating aerodynamic flows using computers. By sharing his vast knowledge of the foundational elements of today's computational aerodynamics in this one volume, Professor Jameson has made a lasting contribution to aerospace literature. Students, as well as researchers and experienced practitioners engaged in this particular discipline, must have a copy of this masterpiece book in their library.' Pradeep Raj, Aerospace and Ocean Engineering Virginia Tech'This book is a goldmine for CFD researchers and developers. For over five decades, the author has been the nexus of CFD development. While the schemes and tricks he invented made their way into virtually all academic, government, and commercial CFD software, Professor Jameson has constantly been incorporating methods developed in the community into his series of CFD codes, often making significant improvements. This book contains a collection of the most valuable techniques and ideas that have enabled modern CFD. It is helpful to anyone who wants to understand and improve state- of-the-art Computational Aerodynamics approaches.' Qiqi Wang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology'This is a scholarly book, one that is expected from one of the most distinguished luminaries in the field. The book covers almost every topic in CFD for flows that can be modeled as an ideal gas. Its strength is in addressing the tough issues on the accuracy and efficiency of CFD methods in predicting steady and unsteady subsonic and supersonic flows in aerodynamics and in providing the thinking processes that led to the development and evolution of those methods.' Tom Shih, Purdue University'the text could be used for a graduate course in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and by researchers who need to develop this field further. CFD professionals and graduate students will especially value this work … Recommended.' A. M. Strauss, ChoiceTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; 1. Introduction and background; 2. Mathematical models of fluid flow; 3. Numerical methods for the solution of partial differential equations; 4. Fundamental Stability Theory; 5. Shock capturing schemes I; 6. Shock capturing schemes II; 7. Discretization schemes for flows in complex domains; 8. The calculation of viscous flow; 9. Overview of time integration methods; 10. Steady state problems; 11. Time accurate methods for unsteady flow; 12. Energy stability for nonlinear problems; 13. High-order methods for structured meshes; 14. High-order methods for unstructured meshes; 15. Aerodynamic shape optimization; Appendix A; Appendix B; Appendix C; Appendix D; Appendix E; Appendix F; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA comprehensive, coherent strategy for modernizing America's electricity infrastructure while ensuring affordable, reliable, secure, and environmentally sustainable electricity services.America's aging electricity infrastructure is deteriorating rapidly even as the need for highly reliable electric service—driven by the explosion of digital technology—continues to rise. Largely missing from national discussions, however, is a coherent, comprehensive national strategy for modernizing this critical infrastructure. Energy expert Mason Willrich presents just such a strategy in this book, connecting the dots across electric utilities, independent suppliers, government bureaucracies, political jurisdictions, and academic disciplines. He explains the need for a coherent approach, offers a framework for analyzing policy options, and proposes a step-by-step strategy for modernizing electrical infrastructure, end-to-end, in a way that ensures the delivery of affordable, rel

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe primary purpose of PV Systems Engineering is to provide a comprehensive set of PV knowledge and understanding tools for the design, installation, commissioning, inspection, and operation of PV systems. During recent years in the United States, more PV capacity was installed than any other electrical generation source. In addition to practical system information, this new edition includes explanation of the basic physical principles upon which the technology is based and a consideration of the environmental and economic impact of the technology. The material covers all phases of PV systems from basic sunlight parameters to system commissioning and simulation, as well as economic and environmental impact of PV. With homework problems included in each chapter and numerous design examples of real systems, the book provides the reader with consistent opportunities to apply the information to real-world scenarios.Trade Review"The new edition of the text represents an outstanding improvement over earlier versions. I would highly recommend it to any faculty interested in teaching a course related to photovoltaic systems engineering for the following reasons: a) It represents an excellent balance of theory and practical engineering application of science, technology, and economic analysis; b) It is up-to-date on the latest technology, system components, codes and standards, and accepted design practices, c) The problem sets at the end of each chapter are well thought out and provide students with relevant needed practice necessary for developing comprehensive design knowledge and skills for a variety of PV system configurations; d) The book is extremely well organized, well written, easy to follow, and should appeal to a large segment of both student and practicing engineering populations. In short, it is an excellent engineering text on extremely important subject matter from which faculty will enjoy teaching and from which student learning will be enhanced."— Jerry Ventre, Florida Solar Energy Center (Retired), USA"This book, now in its 4th edition, is thorough, comprehensive and frequently revised, so it is up-to-date. I have always liked it, in earlier editions, for bothering to address the low profile but important aspects of photovoltaic systems that tend to be left out of other books – the mechanical engineering aspects, including mounting methods, loads and stresses and wind loading; electrical protection; standards (for USA at least); wire sizing; junction boxes; environmental impacts, etc."— Richard Corkish, University of New South Wales, Australia"I find this book to be excellent, containing both the theoretical and practical knowledge to analyze and design a wide range of solar photovoltaic systems. I am not aware of any currently available books that include such breadth and depth."— John Murray, Dine College, USA"The new edition of the text represents an outstanding improvement over earlier versions. I would highly recommend it to any faculty interested in teaching a course related to photovoltaic systems engineering for the following reasons: a) It represents an excellent balance of theory and practical engineering application of science, technology, and economic analysis; b) It is up-to-date on the latest technology, system components, codes and standards, and accepted design practices, c) The problem sets at the end of each chapter are well thought out and provide students with relevant needed practice necessary for developing comprehensive design knowledge and skills for a variety of PV system configurations; d) The book is extremely well organized, well written, easy to follow, and should appeal to a large segment of both student and practicing engineering populations. In short, it is an excellent engineering text on extremely important subject matter from which faculty will enjoy teaching and from which student learning will be enhanced."— Jerry Ventre, Florida Solar Energy Center (Retired), USA"This book, now in its 4th edition, is thorough, comprehensive and frequently revised, so it is up-to-date. I have always liked it, in earlier editions, for bothering to address the low profile but important aspects of photovoltaic systems that tend to be left out of other books – the mechanical engineering aspects, including mounting methods, loads and stresses and wind loading; electrical protection; standards (for USA at least); wire sizing; junction boxes; environmental impacts, etc."— Richard Corkish, University of New South Wales, Australia"I find this book to be excellent, containing both the theoretical and practical knowledge to analyze and design a wide range of solar photovoltaic systems. I am not aware of any currently available books that include such breadth and depth."— John Murray, Dine College, USATable of ContentsPrefaceDisclaimerAcknowledgmentsAuthorsAbbreviations Chapter 1: Background1.1 Introduction1.2 Population and Energy Demand1.3 Current World Energy Use Patterns1.4 Exponential Growth1.5 Hubbert’s Gaussian Model1.6 Net Energy, BTU Economics, and the Test for Sustainability1.7 Direct Conversion of Sunlight to Electricity with PV1.8 Energy UnitsReferencesSuggested ReadingChapter 2: The Sun2.1 Introduction2.2 The Solar Spectrum2.3 Effect of Atmosphere on Sunlight2.4 Sunlight Specifics2.5 Capturing SunlightReferencesSuggested ReadingChapter 3: Introduction to PV Systems3.1 Introduction3.2 The PV Cell3.3 The PV Module3.4 The PV Array3.5 Energy Storage3.6 PV System Loads3.7 PV System Availability: Traditional Concerns and New Concerns 3.8 Associated System Electronic Components 3.9 Generators3.10 Balance of System ComponentsReferences Suggested ReadingChapter 4: Grid-Connected Utility-Interactive Photovoltaic Systems4.1 Introduction4.2 Applicable Codes and Standards4.3 Design Considerations for Straight Grid-Connected PV Systems 4.4 Design of a System Based on Desired Annual System Performance4.5 Design of a System Based upon Available Roof Space4.6 Design of a Microinverter-Based System4.7 Design of a Nominal 20 kW System That Feeds a Three-Phase Distribution Panel4.8 Design of a Nominal 500-kW System 4.9 System Commissioning4.10 System Performance MonitoringReferences Suggested ReadingChapter 5: Mechanical Considerations5.1 Introduction5.2 Important Pr

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe senior Senator from New Mexico, Pete V Domenici has been called Congress' chief apostle for nuclear power. In this book, he shares his vision and passion for a renewed commitment to the dreams that nuclear energy can help us fulfill. He also talks about what kind of world our grandchildren could inhabit if we fail in making such a commitment.Trade ReviewSenator Domenici's leadership on energy issues is not 'limited' to the United States. Especially in the field of nuclear energy, when Senator Domenici speaks, the world listens. His thorough grasp of all issues, his great intellect quietly and effectively applied, his ability to stay above the political fray and consider issues objectively, his personal graciousness and his integrity, have earned this U.S. Senator from New Mexico worldwide respect. That he has, over time, reached the conclusion that nuclear energy must play a great role in the future peace and welfare of our world resounds around the globe, even in unexpected quarters. That he shows the personal and political courage to champion his vision should earn the undying gratitude of the international community. Thank you, Senator. -- Anne Lauvergeon, chairman of the executive board, AREVA; Chairman and CEO, COGEMAA thoughtful and enjoyable book by the Senate's leading energy expert. A Brighter Tomorrow makes a compelling case that nuclear power (along with renewables and coal) must be one of the main energy sources for the planet by the end of the century. It tells a fascinating story of how we came to where we are, including all the mistakes along the way, and why and how to move ahead. Highly recommended. -- Burton Richter, Ph.D., professor at Stanford University and Nobel LaureateA Brighter Tomorrow manifests the passions and dream that Senator Pete Domenici has developed over the past decades concerning the role nuclear power must play in securing a sustainable energy future for the U.S. and indeed the world. The book is certain to help broaden the horizon of not only American people, but also the public in Japan, where utilization of nuclear energy is being actively promoted for peaceful purposes. I sincerely hope that this book will reach as many readers in the world as possible. -- Youichi Fuji-ie, Former Chairman at the Japan Atomic Energy Commission and Professor Emeritus at Tokyo Institute of TechnologySenator Pete Domenici, a public servant/leader of the highest caliber, has written A Brighter Tomorrow as an act of conscience. He is compelled to make the public understand that future generations of people on earth can have a good and healthy quality of life only if they have a safe, secure, clean, and affordable supply of energy. He brings together scientific fact, technological analysis, public policy reality, legislative experience, and intelligent vision to argue compellingly that nuclear energy is an indispensable element of that supply, and that we had better get on with the task of developing it. Domenici neither shies away nor pulls his punches in addressing the tough issues of waste disposal, nuclear proliferation, and regulatory policy. Anyone who feels responsibility toward future generations, or who cares about the earth's environment, must read this important book. -- Charles M. Vest, President, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyPete strongly believes, as he writes, 'that nuclear energy, appropriately designed to avoid proliferation concerns and to operate safely, can play a major role in energizing the rest of the world.' If you want to understand these issues—agree or not—you have to hear out this outstanding senate leader. He has mastered the details, studied the obstacles, and dedicated his career to moving them safely out of the way. -- Senator Sam Nunn, from the forewordA staunch supporter of nuclear energy, Domenici describes his path to becoming a believer and criticizes the politicians and leaders who he says have stood in the way of progress. * Nuclearfuel *Domenici builds the case for a nuclear power comeback. -- James W. Brosnan * Red Deer Advocate *U.S. Pete Domenici, R-N.M., delivers a strong case for increased reliance on nuclear energy. * Forth Worth Star *Senator Domenici takes a proactive look at enery resources and presents the case that nuclear power must be a major contributor. * City Life *...sound and compelling...thoughtful, passionately written...Highly recommended. -- A. M. Strauss, Vanderbilt University * CHOICE *Domenici is refreshingly straightforward....It is refreshing to see a U.S. Senator take the risk of such strong public advocacy for nuclear power. Domenici has cemented his position as a nuclear statesman ranking with such historical bipartisan political figures from the early days of nuclear energy as Reps Chet Holifield and Craig Hosmer. -- John Zink * Power Engineering *This thoughtful, passionately written book should be read by anyone seeking to be well informed about the broad range of energy issues that our nation now confronts. Summing Up: Highly Recommended. All levels. -- A. M. Strauss, Vanderbilt University * CHOICE *This book is... full of important information about nuclear power, as well as some interesting history on the Republican senator's path to power. -- Michael Coleman * Sunday Journal *Table of ContentsPart 1 Foreword Part 2 Preface Part 3 Acknowledgements Chapter 4 My Vision—Reinvigorating Atoms For Peace Chapter 5 The Road to Leadership Chapter 6 The Energy Highway Chapter 7 Nuclear Power in the World Today Chapter 8 Regulatory Road Blocks to Nuclear Power Chapter 9 Uranium Resource Issues Chapter 10 Revitalizing the U.S. Nuclear Infrastructure and Workforce Chapter 11 Dealing with Nuclear Proliferation Effectively Chapter 12 The Waste Disposal Conundrum Chapter 13 The Case for Nuclear Power Chapter 14 Roadmap for the Future Part 15 Epilogue Part 16 Appendice A: The New Nuclear Paradigm Speech Part 17 Appendice B: Atoms for Peace - 50th Anniversary Part 18 Appendice C: Key Nonproliferation Events During Senate Tenure Part 19 Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisEnergy Impacts brings together important new research on site-level social, economic, and behavioral impacts from large-scale energy development.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less