Energy Books

Book Synopsis'A quite delightful book on the joys, and universality, of physics. Czerski's enthusiasm is infectious because she brings our humdrum everyday world to life, showing us that it is just as fascinating as anything that can be seen by the Hubble Telescope or created at the Large Hadron Collider.' - Jim Al-KhaliliOur world is full of patterns. If you pour milk into your tea and give it a stir, you'll see a swirl, a spiral of two fluids, before the two liquids mix completely. The same pattern is found elsewhere too. Look down on the Earth from space, and you'll find similar swirls in the clouds, made where warm air and cold air waltz. In Storm in a Teacup, Helen Czerski links the little things we see every day with the big world we live in. Each chapter begins with something small - popcorn, coffee stains and refrigerator magnets - and uses it to explain some of the most important science and technology of our time. This is physics as the toolbox of science - a toolbox we need in order to make sense of what is around us and arrive at decisions about the future, from medical advances to solving our future energy needs. It is also physics as the toy box of science: physics as fun, as never before.Trade ReviewIf you've ever felt like understanding how things work is just too big a mountain to climb then read this book. It'll carry you gently to the peak and show you how stunning and beautiful the view is. It is rare that someone can explain that which seems endlessly complex and makes you feel like in fact you'd understood it all along. Helen Czerski's book does just that.Fun, fascinating and brilliantly well written - 'Right there, in my teacup, I can see the storm.' Me too and I know what it is now. * Marcus Brigstocke *This book is charming, accessible and enthusiastic. Helen invites you in to see the world through a her eyes and understand how a physicist thinks. It's a wonderful way to discover the hidden scientific connections behind the ordinary and everyday. * Dr Hannah Fry *Helen Czerski's absorbing Storm in a Teacup stands head and shoulders above other popular science books. The little fascinations we left behind in childhood are but her jumping-off points for the really, really big picture ... Hers if the kind of self-assured, endearing nerdishness that doesn't wait to see if you're on board: she pulls you along, anticipating your head-scratching at every fluorescing scorpion and swirling drop of milk in your teacup. * The Irish Times *In a friendly, chatty style that includes anecdotes from her personal and professional life, Czerski manages to make spilled coffee fascinating; tree growth astonishing; telecommunications intuitive. * Physics World *[Helen Czerski] has a formidable knack for explaining mind-bending concepts in easy-to-understand language ... the book to read this week. * Science Focus *Helen Czerski has a remarkable knack for finding scientific wonders under every rock, alongside every raindrop, and inside every grain of sand.The written equivalent of a spectrum beaming out from a prism. Thanks to Helen’s brilliantly engaging book you’ll never consider anything to be mundane or ordinary again. * Jon Culshaw *

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Book SynopsisIn the twentieth century, wealth and power was dictated by access to oil. This century will have different kingmakers, perhaps different wars.''A remarkably hopeful and useful book...The climate crisis leaves us no choice but to build a new world and as Sanderson makes clear, we are capable of making it a better one than the dirty and dangerous planet we’ve come to take for granted.'' Bill McKibben, Observer book of the week We depend on a handful of metals and rare earths to power our phones and computers. Increasingly, we rely on them to power our cars and our homes. Whoever controls these finite commodities will become rich beyond imagining. Sanderson journeys to meet the characters, companies, and nations scrambling for the new resources, linking remote mines in the Congo and Chile’s Atacama Desert to giant Chinese battery factories, shadowy commodity traders, secretive billionaires, a new generation of scientists attempting Trade Review'A remarkably hopeful and useful book...The climate crisis leaves us no choice but to build a new world and as Sanderson makes clear, we are capable of making it a better one than the dirty and dangerous planet we’ve come to take for granted.' -- Bill McKibben, Observer book of the week‘Sanderson deftly guides us through the convolutions of which company bought what from which, and he livens up that potentially desiccated subject matter with an eye for characterful detail… Despite the seemingly insuperable geopolitical quandaries with which it deals, the tone of Sanderson’s book is one of cautious optimism.’ -- The Times‘As we glide along serenely in our electric vehicle, recharging it with clean solar power and perhaps feeling a little smug, we prefer not to be reminded of the vast industries that got us there, industries that gouge out the landscape, exploit workers, spew carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and engage in ruthless geopolitical power plays. Along the way, as Henry Sanderson shows in his essential book, we have become dangerously dependent on China which now dominates global battery supply. Under President Xi Jinping, who uses economic blackmail to extract political concessions, China has got a lock on the future. All this can change and Volt Rush shows us how.’ -- Clive Hamilton, author of Hidden Hand'A fascinating study' * The Times *‘A potent reminder to green power advocates that a world running on batteries and sunshine may not fight over oil, but it won’t necessarily be free of conflict’ * Financial Times *‘It’s a vital contribution to the emerging literature that’s pulling back the curtain on energy realities.’ -- Wall Street Journal‘The urgency of a green transition means the world faces new power struggles over access to scarce metals and minerals. Sanderson carefully walks us through the minefields that are the world's finite supplies of lithium, cobalt and nickel and reveals with startling immediacy the Machiavellian machinations for control over these precious resources. A riveting guide to our perilous future.’ -- Ann Pettifor, author of The Case for the Green New Deal'An excellent book…provides much food for thought' -- Literary Review‘Takes us on a carefully considered and well explained journey to show that [the switch to electric vehicles] may not be as simple a transition as we hoped for… Sanderson does a good job of getting the reader up to speed in terms of what goes into an electric battery, and why we need to be cognisant of the environmental impacts… very informative and well written in terms of the potentially toxic brew required to power EVs… a relevant and vital book.’ -- Irish Tech News‘From China to Congo to Chile to the U.S., Sanderson lucidly reveals the global connections behind the complex processes of battery production and mining… Any reader interested in environmental studies, green politics, the global energy sector, or the mining industry will appreciate Sanderson's deep dive into the transition from fossil fuels to green and clean energy, and how this transition will affect society now and in the near future.’ -- Booklist'Sanderson’s smooth, limpid storytelling brightens the deadening business of commodities trading: attention to the bizarre, often unpleasant characters populating the industry gives his narrative a personable shine.' -- Red Pepper'Volt Rush makes a great contribution in understanding what a green future entails—and what costs it might involve right now.’ -- Foreign Policy‘This is a terrific book. Henry Sanderson brings alive one of the most fateful questions of our time: who will control the resources that power a post-carbon world? What makes the book so compelling is the cast of colourful characters he meets and the insightful judgements he makes.’ -- James Kynge, FT China editor‘A must-read book, well written and investigated, on one of the most important ecological challenges we’ll face in the next decades.’ -- Guillaume Pitron, author of The Rare Metals War

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Book SynopsisThe enlightening, best-selling book on understanding sustainable energy and how we can make energy plans that add up.If you''ve ever wondered how much energy we use, and where it comes from and where it could come from but are fed up with all the hot air and ''greenwash'', this is the book for you. Renewable resources are ''huge'', but our energy consumption is also ''huge''. To compare ''huge'' things with each other, we need numbers, not adjectives.Sustainable Energy without the hot air addresses the energy crisis objectively, cutting through all the contradictory statements from the media, government, and lobbies of all sides. It gives you the numbers and the facts you need, in bite-sized chunks, so you can understand the issues yourself and organises a plan for change on both a personal level and an international scale for Europe, the United States, and the world. In case study format, this informative book also answers questions surroundTrade Review"For anyone with influence on energy policy, whether in government, business or a campaign group, this book should be compulsory reading." -- Tony Juniper (Former Executive Director, Friends of the Earth)"At last a book that comprehensively reveals the true facts about sustainable energy in a form that is both highly readable and entertaining." -- Robert Sansom (EDF Energy)"MacKay brings a welcome dose of common sense into the discussion of energy sources and use. Fresh air replacing hot air." -- Prof Mike Ashby Royal Society Research Professor, Principal Investigator, Engineering Design Centre, Cambridge"This year's must-read book about tackling our future energy needs." -- The Guardian"... may be the best technical book about the environment that I've ever read. This is to energy and climate what Freakonomics is to economics." -- Cory Doctorow * Boing Boing *"The book is a tour de force ... As a work of popular science it is exemplary ... For anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the real problems involved [it] is the place to start." * The Economist *"The first factual meme on renewable energy? A book about climate change that gets rave reviews from folk at oil companies, environmental groups and the Number One Blog of All Time has to be worth a peek." -- energysource blog * The Financial Times *Table of ContentsI Numbers, not adjectives 1 Motivations 2 The balance sheet 3 Cars 4 Wind 5 Planes 6 Solar 7 Heating and cooling 8 Hydroelectricity 9 Light 10 Offshore wind 11 Gadgets 12 Wave 13 Food and farming 14 Tide 15 Stuff 16 Geothermal . 17 Public services 18 Can we live on renewables? II Making a difference 19 Every BIG helps 20 Better transport 21 Smarter heating 22 Efficient electricity use 23 Sustainable fossil fuels? 24 Nuclear? 25 Living on other countries’ renewables? 26 Fluctuations and storage 27 Five energy plans for Britain 28 Putting costs in perspective 29 What to do now . 30 Energy plans for Europe, America, and the World 31 The last thing we should talk about 32 Saying yes Acknowledgments III Technical chapters A Cars II B Wind II C Planes II D Solar II E Heating II F Waves II G Tide II H Stuff II IV Useful data I Quick reference J Populations and areas K UK energy history List of web links Bibliography Index About the author

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Book SynopsisThis book seeks to provide a basis for reflection on energy at a global level. It synthesizes the main energy-related issues and requires no specialist knowledge, either of economics, engineering sciences or international relations. It comprises four main chapters, that discuss the major energy sectors (oil, natural gas, coal, synthetic hydrocarbons, electricity, renewable energy), the impacts of energy at macro-economic level, geopolitics and new issues related to energy, notably environmental aspects and successes of demand management policies. The book is aimed at industry professionals, (under)graduate students / academics, economists and policy-makers in the energy sector/field.Trade ReviewThis authoritative and highly pedagogical book provides a very complete and thorough analysis of global energy issues. By combining technological, economic, environmental and policy aspects of energy, which are all intrinsically interlinked, the authors provide the tools which allow the reader to fully understand the complexities of global energy issues. A must for any energy course.Manfred Hafner, Professor, Johns Hopkins University (Bologna Center) / PSAIS (Sciences Po Paris), Skolkovo Moscow School of Management, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Table of Contents1 Introduction; 2 Energy sectors; 3 Macroeconomic indicators and accounting of energy; 4 Impact of energy on the economic development; 5 Energy policy; 6 World energy situation; 7 Case studies from different countries; 8 Recent developments: new dimensions of the energy problem; 9 Outlook; Annex 1: Pedagogical remarks; Annex 2: Energy units and conversion factors

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Book SynopsisThis undergraduate text aimed primarily at high schoolers and lower level undergraduates focuses on explaining how the various forms of renewable energy work and the current ongoing research. It includes sections on non-scientific aspects that should be considered such as availability of resources. A final chapter covers methods of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.Renewable energy is currently on everyone's mind in the context of climate change. This text provides students with an introduction into the science behind the various types of renewable energy enabling them to access review literature in the field and options that  that should be considered when selecting methods. Features Collates the most relevant and up to date information on renewable energy systems in a user friendly format for undergraduate and high school students. Focuses on power production technologies from renewable energy sources. <Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Solar Energy2.1. Photovoltaic (solar) cells 2.1.1 Semiconductors2.1.2. The p-n junction2.1.3. Materials 2.1.4. Other solar cells 2.2. Other Considerations 2.3. Solar thermal panels 2.3.1 Materials2.3.2 Other Considerations Questions 3. Wind power 3.1. Wind turbines 3.2. Electrical generators 3.3. Materials 3.4. Other Considerations Questions 4. Water power4.1. Hydroelectric dams 4.2. River turbines 4.3. Wave power 4.4. Tidal power 4.5. Material 4.6. Other Considerations Questions 5. Geothermal Energy 5.1. The origin of geothermal energy 5.2. Accessing geothermal energy5.2.1 Using geothermal energy for heating5.2.2 Using geothermal energy to produce electricity 5.3. Considerations Questions 6. Hydrogen 6.1. Hydrogen production 6.1.1. Electrolysis6.1.2. Chemical Reactions6.1.3. Biohydrogen production 6.2. Storage and transport 6.3. Hydrogen use 6.3.1. Fuel cells 6.4. Considerations Questions 7. Biomass 7.1. How is energy produced from biomass? 7.2. Why is energy derived from biomass considered renewable? 7.3. Types of biomass 7.3.1. Wood7.3.2. Crops and Grasses7.3.3. Algae7.3.4. Waste 7.4. Considerations Questions8. Energy storage 8.1. How rechargeable batteries work 8.2. Batteries for storage 8.2.1 Kead-acid batteries8.2.2. Lithium-ion batteries8.2.3. Sodium based batteries8.2.4. Redox flow batteries8.3. Batteries for transport8.3.1. Lithium-based batteries 8.4. Capacitors 8.5. Pumped storage hydropower Questions 9. Carbon capture, storage and conversion 9.1. Carbon capture and storage 9.1.1. Trees and peat bogs9.1.2. Construction materials and minerals9.1.3. Porous solids9.1.4. Absorbance by liquids 9.2. Conversion of captured carbon dioxide 9.2.1. Mineralisation9.2.2 Chemicals and Fuels Questions

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Book SynopsisA greener world won't come for freeTrade Review'A remarkably hopeful and useful book...The climate crisis leaves us no choice but to build a new world and as Sanderson makes clear, we are capable of making it a better one than the dirty and dangerous planet we’ve come to take for granted.' -- Bill McKibben, Observer book of the week‘Sanderson deftly guides us through the convolutions of which company bought what from which, and he livens up that potentially desiccated subject matter with an eye for characterful detail… Despite the seemingly insuperable geopolitical quandaries with which it deals, the tone of Sanderson’s book is one of cautious optimism.’ -- The Times‘As we glide along serenely in our electric vehicle, recharging it with clean solar power and perhaps feeling a little smug, we prefer not to be reminded of the vast industries that got us there, industries that gouge out the landscape, exploit workers, spew carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and engage in ruthless geopolitical power plays. Along the way, as Henry Sanderson shows in his essential book, we have become dangerously dependent on China which now dominates global battery supply. Under President Xi Jinping, who uses economic blackmail to extract political concessions, China has got a lock on the future. All this can change and Volt Rush shows us how.’ -- Clive Hamilton, author of Hidden Hand'A fascinating study' * The Times *‘A potent reminder to green power advocates that a world running on batteries and sunshine may not fight over oil, but it won’t necessarily be free of conflict’ * Financial Times *‘It’s a vital contribution to the emerging literature that’s pulling back the curtain on energy realities.’ -- Wall Street Journal‘The urgency of a green transition means the world faces new power struggles over access to scarce metals and minerals. Sanderson carefully walks us through the minefields that are the world's finite supplies of lithium, cobalt and nickel and reveals with startling immediacy the Machiavellian machinations for control over these precious resources. A riveting guide to our perilous future.’ -- Ann Pettifor, author of The Case for the Green New Deal'An excellent book…provides much food for thought' -- Literary Review‘Takes us on a carefully considered and well explained journey to show that [the switch to electric vehicles] may not be as simple a transition as we hoped for… Sanderson does a good job of getting the reader up to speed in terms of what goes into an electric battery, and why we need to be cognisant of the environmental impacts… very informative and well written in terms of the potentially toxic brew required to power EVs… a relevant and vital book.’ -- Irish Tech News‘From China to Congo to Chile to the U.S., Sanderson lucidly reveals the global connections behind the complex processes of battery production and mining… Any reader interested in environmental studies, green politics, the global energy sector, or the mining industry will appreciate Sanderson's deep dive into the transition from fossil fuels to green and clean energy, and how this transition will affect society now and in the near future.’ -- Booklist'Sanderson’s smooth, limpid storytelling brightens the deadening business of commodities trading: attention to the bizarre, often unpleasant characters populating the industry gives his narrative a personable shine.' -- Red Pepper'Volt Rush makes a great contribution in understanding what a green future entails—and what costs it might involve right now.’ -- Foreign Policy‘This is a terrific book. Henry Sanderson brings alive one of the most fateful questions of our time: who will control the resources that power a post-carbon world? What makes the book so compelling is the cast of colourful characters he meets and the insightful judgements he makes.’ -- James Kynge, FT China editor‘A must-read book, well written and investigated, on one of the most important ecological challenges we’ll face in the next decades.’ -- Guillaume Pitron, author of The Rare Metals War

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Book SynopsisAn edited collection that takes a deep dive into the complex interactions between nuclear energy and water.Splitting atoms is a water-intensive business. To operate efficiently and safely, a standard nuclear reactor needs around 50 cubic meters (13,000 gallons) of water per second?equivalent to the flow of a mid-sized river or large irrigation canal. In The Nuclear-Water Nexus, Per Högselius and Siegfried Evens bring together 25 authors from 12 countries to explore the resulting entanglements between society, technology, and nature. This collection of writing shows how nuclear energy?s dependence on water has shaped the atomic age in decisive ways. Water has been the key factor in forging a global nuclear geography, as the water needs of nuclear facilities require them to be located near the sea, major rivers, canals, or lakes. As an unintended consequence of such locations, nuclear facilities have become vulnerable to droughts, floods, erosion, and climate change?in a much more dramatic way than most other energy installations. Unsurprisingly, the ?wet? geography of nuclear energy also translates into threats to the wet environment, in the form of both radioactive contamination and thermal pollution. Water has, over the years, generated social conflicts?and cooperation?between nuclear energy and other water-intensive activities, such as agriculture, fisheries, navigation, military activities, hydropower production, drinking water supply, landscaping, leisure and tourism?and even fossil fuel extraction. This book examines these processes through a set of in-depth case studies.

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Book SynopsisA retro-fit offers many benefits: cutting electricity and heating bills, increasing the resale value of homes, slashing carbon emissions and creating a healthier place to live. This book is the guide to making it happen. It looks at: draught-proofing, insulation and damp ventilation, heating and cooling electrical efficiency and renewable energy water use and re-use materials' life cycles and incorporating nature protection from climate change impacts - modelling energy flows and embodied energy how we can meet the need to cut carbon emissions from dwellings by eighty percent by 2050. Projects can apply to apartment blocks, recent builds and older, solid-walled properties. Enlivened with helpful diagrams and photographs, plus plenty of pointers for further information, it provides a comprehensive resource handbook for any building professional and contractor, students â or any homeowner serious about efficiency (cash and carbon) savings. Trade Review'This is an excellent book ... It should be the first stop for anyone seeking objective advice in a field cluttered with misleading claims. I couldn't recommend it more strongly.' George Monbiot 'At last, a sensible book on eco-renovation that is full of useful facts ... Earthscan bill these volumes as expert handbooks and they do not disappoint. They will save you from making costly mistakes and are well worth the cover price.' Permaculture Magazine'We can't recommend this book highly enough. David Thorpe has produced an interesting read whilst managing to also include all the necessary technical energy information. This should be required reading for the capable amateur and the professionally engaged, as well as students and qualified architects.' Penney Poyzer, campaigner low carbon living and working and Gil Schalom, green architect; co-owners of the pioneering Nottingham ecohome, the UK's first radical eco-retrofit 'This book should be read by anyone engaged in domestic energy efficiency programmes. It goes back to basics and sets out systematically and incrementally how to approach the refurbishment of existing homes which will result in reduced energy demand and lower bills.' Jenny Saunders, Chief Executive, National Energy Action 'David Thorpe's oh-so-valuable book excellently covers the full spectrum of low impact home refurbishment. It is jam-packed with detail, and rises to the challenge of being both useful and accessible to a range of people from construction professionals to the committed DIYer wanting to crack on in eco-refurb.' Simon McWhirter, Director, Great British Refurb Campaign 'If you haven't got a copy go out and get one pronto!' mynewbookreview.blogspot.com 'Make[s] what can be a very complicated subject accessible ... a very good buy for homeowners and professionals looking at this subject for the first time.' Property Care Association 'Anyone considering refurbishing an older home ... will certainly benefit from reading this new book. It is packed with common sense, practical information and guidance ... Authoritative, skilfully edited and a well thought-out practical manual that will be very useful to practicing building engineers, contractors and even DIY'ers!' Building EngineerTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Airtightness: Reducing Energy Demand for Heating and Cooling 2. Insulation Materials 3. Insulation Strategies 4. Going All The Way – Towards Passivhaus 5. Windows and Doors 6. Ventilation, Cooling and Heating 7. Water Management 8. Electricity Efficiency and Supply 9 . Contextual Issues

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Book SynopsisThe first systematic, quantitative appraisal of power density, offering detailed reviews of power densities of renewable energy flows, fossil fuels, and all common energy uses.“There's no author whose books I look forward to more than Vaclav Smil.”—Bill GatesIn this book, Vaclav Smil argues that power density is a key determinant of the nature and dynamics of energy systems. Any understanding of complex energy systems must rely on quantitative measures of many fundamental variables. Power density—the rate of energy flux per unit of area—is an important but largely overlooked measure. Smil provides the first systematic, quantitative appraisal of power density, offering detailed reviews of the power densities of renewable energy flows, fossil fuels, thermal electricity generation, and all common energy uses.Smil shows that careful quantification, critical appraisals, and revealing comparisons of power densities make possibl

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Book SynopsisSolid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Fundamental Principles to Complete Systems is a valuable resource for beginners, experienced researchers, and developers of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). It provides a fundamental understanding of SOFCs by covering the present state-of-the-art as well as ongoing research and future challenges to be solved. It discusses current and future materials, and provides an overview of development activities with a more general system approach toward fuel cell plant technology, including plant design and economics, industrial data, and advances in technology. Provides an understanding of the operating principles of SOFCs Discusses state-of-the-art materials, technologies, and processes Includes a review of the current industry and lessons learned Offers a more general system approach toward fuel cell plant technology, including plant design and economics of SOFC manufacture

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Book SynopsisThe day-to-day world of crude oil traders is not usually open to outsiders. Few non-specialists appreciate how oil traders approach the markets, what their backgrounds are and how they make money.This book brings the oil trading world to vivid life by introducing the reader to 40 real-life trades or strategies that were carried out by named market participants. The 40 chapters cover different geographies and different crude oil markets, providing an unparalleled insight into how crude oil traders work and think. Oil trading developed in its current form in the 1980s and the chapters cover these early beginnings through to the present day. The trades have been grouped in sections that relate to the nature of each trade and its broader use as an example of a successful trading style. Sections cover approaches to arbitrage trading; the impact of geopolitics; logistics and storage plays; short-term versus longer term trading; managing new crude oil grades; trading crude oil derivTable of Contents1. Night Flight To Siberia – Colin Bryce 2. A Sweet Deal – Philippe Khoury 3. Where Physical Meets Paper – Kurt Chapman 4. A False Arbitrage – Adi Imsirovic 5. A Russian Arbitrage Strategy – Trym Nordhus 6. Leveraging Local Knowledge – Ralf-Dieter Poth 7. Finding The Global Optimal – Manosh Saha Macro & Micro Trading 8. Calling A Collapse – Eric Rubenstein 9. Learning From Misfortune – Cui Zhenchu 10. Facing A Force Majeure – Anne Devlin 11. Trading The Micro Structure – Sylvia Low 12. Financing Oil Traders – Philippe Cohen 13. Starting From ‘Why Not’ – Alessandro Liberati Spot versus Term Trading 14. Publish And Circulate – Elizabeth Bossley 15. Bringing Indexation to Russia – Elena Lobodina 16. Updating The NOC Model – Juan Carlos Fonnegra 17. Flexibility Of Supply – Mohammed Minkara 18. Turning Weakness Into Strength – Michael Dugdale 19. The Value Of Persistence – Geena Malkani Logistics and Storage Trading 20. Preserving Pipeline Economics – John Krus 21. A U.S. Pipeline Frenzy – Anne Summers 22. Finding Interesting Niches – Michael Hacking 23. Smoothing Logistics – Chris Del Vecchio 24. Trading Floating Storage – Daphne Teo 25. Trading Around Strategic Storage – Justus van der Spuy Trading New Crude Oil Grades 26. Marketing The First Brent – Richard Johnstone 27. Flexibility Plays – Rajaraman Jayaraman 28. Refining The First Norwegian Oil – Bridie Tobin 29. Marketing A New Stream – David Jorbenaze 30. Splitting Basrah – Thomas Andersen 31. Asia’s Shift To Sour – Trading Crude Oil Derivatives – Andrew Dodson 32. WTI Proves Itself – Thomas McMahon 33. From Floor To Screen -- Steve Roberts 34. Bringing Brent Onscreen – Milan Kratka 35. Trading Opaque Markets – Greg Newman 36. Trading As A Calling Card – Gary King 37. A Chart For Success – Trading Crude Oil Options – Kevin McCormack 38. Trading On Behalf Of A Nation – Gerardo Rodríguez 39. The Invention Of Synthetic Storage – Ilia Bouchouev 40. Making A Major Shift – Richard Fullarton

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Book SynopsisEnergy: The Basics offers a concise and engaging introduction to energy, answering critical questions and providing accessible definitions of essential concepts and developments in the field.People rarely stop to think about where the energy they use to power their everyday lives comes from and when they do it is often to ask a worried question: is mankindâs energy usage killing the planet? How do we deal with nuclear waste? What happens when the oil runs out? Energy: The Basics answers these questions, but it also does much more. In this engaging yet even-handed introduction, readers are introduced to:â the concept of âenergyâ and what it really meansâ the ways energy is currently generated and the sources usedâ new and emerging energy technologies such as solar power and biofuelsâ the impacts of energy use on the environment including climate changeThis new edition has been updated throughout and includes a new chapter on ene

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Book SynopsisFor the Movers, Shakers, and Policy Makers in Energy Engineering and Related IndustriesThe latest version of a bestselling reference, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Handbook, Second Edition covers the foremost trends and technologies in energy engineering today. This new edition contains the latest material on energy planning and policy, with a focus on renewable and sustainable energy sources. It also examines nuclear energy and its place in future energy systems, includes a chapter on natural gas, and provides extensive coverage of energy storage for numerous forms of energy generation. The text also provides energy supply, demand, and pricing factor projections for the future.Explore the Future of Global EnergyThe authors address problems that industry now faces, including the limited availability of conventional energy resources such as oil, natural gas, and coal, and considers renewTrade Review"Excellent text. Covers the ground very well. An excellent companion when you are on a learning journey in Energy. A good handbook to hold hands with!"—Prof Ajith P. de Alwis, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Coordinating Secretariat for Science Technology and Innovation (COSTI) Sri Lanka"The book provides a very comprehensive and clear description of present, immediate future and future sources, technologies and systems for a sustainable energy use in all countries of the world. The book also deals with the aspects of Energy Infrastructure and Storage necessary for Distributed Energy Systems with smart grid integration."—Professor N.K.Bansal, CEPT University Ahmedabad"Overall, this is an interesting and comprehensive book that summarises well various information. It is a great reference point and can be used by both practitioners involved in RET and EE and students learning about sustainable built environment. It deals with RET and EE from technical, financial and governance points of view based on the examples from all over the world."—Ksenia Chmutina, Loughborough University"This is the most comprehensive and complete treatment I’ve seen of the issue of energy and our society. The international coverage adds a great deal to the discussion which is generally western-focused. The coverage of technologies is extremely balanced, providing a valid reference frame on which engineers, individuals and policy makers can base solid decisions."—John Gardner, Professor, Boise State University"A comprehensive handbook which covers the most cut edge improvement technologies of energy efficiency for energy generation and transportation facilities using either conventional petroleum-based energy or renewable energy. … The handbook could be beneficial to both experienced researchers / engineers as a guide or reference book and novices / university students as a textbook in energy related fields."—Prof. Cherng-Yuan Lin, National Taiwan Ocean University"Overall, the book covers a wide range of topics on energy efficiency and renewable energy. This will serve as a good Reference for practicing engineers, policy makers, and the students working in the area of Energy."—Prof. Kaushik Rajashekara, University of Texas at DallasTable of ContentsGLOBAL ENERGY SYSTEMS, POLICY, AND ECONOMICS. Global Energy Systems. Sound Finance Policies for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. State and Federal Policies for Renewable Energy. Strategies and Instruments for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Internationally, in Europe, and in Germany. Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Policies in China. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in India. Renewable Energy Policies in Brazil: Bioenergy, Photovoltaic Generation, and Transportation. Energy in Israel: A Case for Renewables. Renewable Energy in Australia. Japan’s Post-Fukushima Energy Policy. Policies for Distributed Energy Generation. Economics Methods. Environmental Impacts and Costs of Energy. ENERGY GENERATION THROUGH 2025. Distributed Generation Technologies through 2025. Demand-Side Management. Fossil Fuels. Nuclear Power Technologies through Year 2035. Outlook for U.S. Energy Consumption and Prices, 2011-2040. ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE AND STORAGE. Transportation. Infrastructure Risk Analysis and Security. Electricity Infrastructure Resilience and Security. Electrical Energy Management in Buildings. Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Control Systems. Stirling Engines. Energy-Efficient Lighting Technologies and Their Applications in the Residential and Commercial Sectors. Energy-Efficient Technologies: Major Appliances and Space Conditioning Equipment. Heat Pumps. Electric Motor Systems Efficiency. Industrial Energy Efficiency and Energy Management. Process Energy Efficiency: Pinch Technology. Analysis Methods for Building Energy Auditing. Cogeneration. Energy Storage Technologies. Advanced Concepts in Transmission and Distribution. Smart Grid Technology. RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES. Solar Energy Resources. Wind Energy Resource. Municipal Solid Waste. Biomass Properties and Resources. Active Solar Heating Systems. Passive Solar Heating, Cooling, and Daylighting. Concentrating Solar Thermal Power. Wind Energy Conversion. Photovoltaics. Thin-Film PV Technology. Concentrating PV Technologies. Waste-to-Energy Combustion. Energy Recovery by Anaerobic Digestion Process. BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS. Biomass Conversion to Heat and Power. Biomass Conversion to Fuels. Geothermal Power Generation. Hydrogen Energy Technologies. Fuel Cells.

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Book SynopsisFrom the animal world to the forces that make things go, young minds have big questions about how the world works. The answers to these questions wait in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Unlock the world around you with STEM and Me.

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Book SynopsisThe Physics of Energy provides a comprehensive and systematic introduction to the scientific principles governing energy sources, uses, and systems. This definitive textbook traces the flow of energy from sources such as solar power, nuclear power, wind power, water power, and fossil fuels through its transformation in devices such as heat engines and electrical generators, to its uses including transportation, heating, cooling, and other applications. The flow of energy through the Earth''s atmosphere and oceans, and systems issues including storage, electric grids, and efficiency and conservation are presented in a scientific context along with topics such as radiation from nuclear power and climate change from the use of fossil fuels. Students, scientists, engineers, energy industry professionals, and concerned citizens with some mathematical and scientific background who wish to understand energy systems and issues quantitatively will find this textbook of great interest.Trade Review'This magnificent book provides an astonishingly comprehensive, yet deep and accurate, coverage of the physics of energy. It also introduces much of the engineering, and some of the chemistry and biology. As well as being a superb text for those who are new to the subject, it will be an invaluable reference for experienced researchers seeking to refresh, deepen or broaden their knowledge and understanding.' Sir Chris Llewellyn Smith FRS, Director of Energy Research, Oxford University and Director General of CERN 1994–98'Jaffe and Taylor have produced a masterpiece that lays out the scientific foundations of energy sources, uses and systems - from fossil fuels to geothermal, engines to wind turbines, electric grid to climate change. I can only wish that The Physics of Energy had been available twenty years earlier when I first had responsibility for the US Department of Energy science and energy programs without the benefit of this extraordinary resource!' Ernest J. Moniz, formerly the 13th United States Secretary of Energy and Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physics and Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology'If your task was to jump-start civilization, but had access to only one book, then The Physics of Energy would be your choice. Professors Taylor and Jaffe have written a comprehensive, thorough, and relevant treatise. It's an energizing read as a stand-alone book, but it should also be a course, offered at every college, lest we mismanage our collective role as shepherds of our energy-hungry, energy-dependent civilization.' Neil deGrasse Tyson, Frederick P. Rose Director of the Hayden Planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History'I have long wished for a single textbook that could explain energy conversion as it occurs in nature and is utilized in our industrial and digital world in a comprehensive, accurate, and engaging way. The Physics of Energy is that book. It covers its subject matter with depth, breadth, care for precision, and clarity.' Julia Mikhailova, Physics TodayTable of ContentsPart I. Basic Energy Physics and Uses: 1. Introduction; 2. Mechanical energy; 3. Electromagnetic energy; 4. Waves and light; 5. Thermodynamics I: heat and thermal energy; 6. Heat transfer; 7. Introduction to quantum physics; 8. Thermodynamics II: entropy and temperature; 9. Energy in matter; 10. Thermal energy conversion; 11. Internal combustion engines; 12. Phase-change energy conversion; 13. Thermal power and heat extraction cycles; Part II. Energy Sources: 14. The forces of nature; 15. Quantum phenomena in energy systems; 16. An overview of nuclear power; 17. Structure, properties and decays of nuclei; 18. Nuclear energy processes: fission and fusion; 19. Nuclear fission reactors and nuclear fusion experiments; 20. Ionizing radiation; 21. Energy in the universe; 22. Solar energy: solar production and radiation; 23. Solar energy: solar radiation on Earth; 24. Solar thermal energy; 25. Photovoltaic solar cells; 26. Biological energy; 27. Ocean energy flow; 28. Wind: a highly variable resource; 29. Fluids – the basics; 30. Wind turbines; 31. Energy from moving water: hydro, wave, tidal, and marine current power; 32. Geothermal energy; 33. Fossil fuels; Part III. Energy System Issues and Externalities: 34. Energy and climate; 35. Earth's climate: past, present, and future; 36. Energy efficiency, conservation, and changing energy sources; 37. Energy storage; 38. Electricity generation and transmission.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers the design, analysis, and optimization of the cleanest, most efficient fossil fuel-fired electric power generation technology at present and in the foreseeable future.The book contains a wealth of first principles-based calculation methods comprising key formulae, charts, rules of thumb, and other tools developed by the author over the course of 25+ years spent in the power generation industry. It is focused exclusively on actual power plant systems and actual field and/or rating data providing a comprehensive picture of the gas turbine combined cycle technology from performance and cost perspectives.Material presented in this book is applicable for research and development studies in academia and government/industry laboratories, as well as practical, day-to-day problems encountered in the industry (including OEMs, consulting engineers and plant operators).Table of ContentsIntroduction. Prerequisites. Bare Necessities. Gas Turbine. Steam Turbine. Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). Heat Sink Options. Combining the Pieces. Major Equipment. Balance of Plant. Construction and Commissioning. Environmental Considerations. Economics. Cogeneration. Operability. Maintenance. Repowering. Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle. Carbon Capture. What Next? Appendix A: Property Calculations. Appendix B: Standard Conditions for Temperature and Pressure. Appendix C: Exergetic Efficiency. Appendix D: Thermal Response Basics. Appendix E: Steam Turbine Stress Basics. Appendix F: Carbon Capture.

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Book SynopsisHow are communities uniting against fracking and tar sands to change our energy future?Working across Lines offers a detailed comparative analysis of climate justice coalitions in California and Idahotwo states with distinct fossil fuel histories, environmental contexts, and political cultures. Drawing on ethnographic evidence from 106 in-depth interviews and three years of participant observation, Corrie Grosse investigates the ways people build effective energy justice coalitions across differences in political views, race and ethnicity, age, and strategic preferences. This book argues for four practices that are critical for movement building: focusing on core values of justice, accountability, and integrity; identifying the roots of injustice; cultivating relationships among activists; and welcoming difference. In focusing on coalitions related to energy and climate justice, Grosse provides important models for bridging divides to reach common goals. These lessons are more relevantTable of ContentsContents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction 1. The Energy and Political Landscape: Climate Crisis, Extreme Energy, and the Climate Justice Movement 2. The Organizing Landscape: Research Context 3. Idaho Part 1: Talking across Political Lines by Building Relationships 4. Idaho Part 2: Talking across Political Lines by Agreeing to Disagree 5. Working across Intersectional Lines: Youth Values and Relationships 6. Working across Organizational Lines: Grassroots and Grasstops Tensions and Possibilities 7. Two Tales of Struggle: Coalition Building against Big Oil 8. Lessons from Measure P and the Megaloads: Native–Non-Native and Latinx-White Coalition Outcomes Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisRemediation of Legacy Hazardous and Nuclear Industrial Sites provides an overview of the key elements involved in remediating complex waste sites using the Hanford nuclear site as a case study. Hanford is one of the most complex waste sites in the world and has examples of most, if not all, characteristics of the complex waste sites that exist globally. This book is aimed at a non-technical audience and describes the stages of remediation based on general RCRA/CERCLA processes, from establishing a strategy that includes all stakeholders to site assessment, waste treatment and disposal, and long-term monitoring.Features: Informs a non-technical audience of the important elements involved in complex waste site remediation Employs the Hanford Site as a case study throughout to explain real-world applications of remediation steps Connects the human element to the technical aspects through interviews with key current and retired individua

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the fundamental properties of a wide range of energy storage and conversion materials, covering mainstream theoretical and experimental studies and their applications in green energy. It presents a thorough investigation of diverse physical, chemical, and material properties of rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, and fuel cells, covering the development of theoretical simulations, machine learning, high-resolution experimental measurements, and excellent device performance. â Covers potential energy storage (rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors) and energy conversion (solar cells and fuel cells) materials. â Develops theoretical predictions and experimental observations under a unified quasi-particle framework. â Illustrate up-to-date calculation results and experimental measurements. â Describes successful synthesis, fabrication, and measurements, as well as potential applications and near future challenges.Promoting a deep understanding of the basic science, application engineering, and commercial products, this work is appropriate for senior graduate students and researchers in materials, chemical, and energy engineering and related disciplines.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a concise overview of the use of ionic liquids as electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from a theoretical and computational perspective. It focuses on computational studies to understand the behavior of lithium ions in different ionic liquids and to optimize the performance of ionic liquid-based electrolytes. The main features of the book are as follows:â Provides a thorough understanding of the theoretical and computational aspects of using ionic liquids as electrolytes in LIBs, including the evaluation and reproducibility of the theoretical paths.â Covers various computational methods such as density functional theory, molecular dynamics, and quantum mechanics that have been used to study the behavior of lithium ions in different solvents and to optimize the performance of ionic liquid-based electrolytes.â Discusses recent advances such as new computational methods for predicting the properties of ionic liquid-based electrolytes, new

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Book SynopsisKevin E. Trenberth emphasizes the fundamental role of energy flows in the climate system and anthropogenic climate change. The distribution of heat, or more generally, energy, is the main determinant of weather patterns in the atmosphere and their impacts. The topics addressed cover many facets of climate and the climate crisis. These include the diurnal cycle; the seasons; energy differences between the continents and the oceans, the poles and the tropics; interannual variability such as Niño; natural decadal variability; and ice ages. Human-induced climate change rides on and interacts with all of these natural phenomena, and the result is an unevenly warming planet and changing weather extremes. The book emphasizes the need to not only slow or stop climate change, but also to better prepare for it and build resilience. Students, researchers, and professionals from a wide range of backgrounds will benefit from this deeper understanding of climate change.Trade Review'Kevin Trenberth is one of the world's premier climate scientists … [He] has an extraordinary ability to take the complicated scientific dynamics of global warming and communicate what's happening in a clear and compelling way … I highly value the way he not only informs, but also motivates action … an essential read to understand the underlying scientific dynamics of the climate crisis.' Al Gore, former Vice President; from the Foreword to the book'Nobody has contributed more to our understanding of climate change than Kevin Trenberth. In this book, Trenberth uses the concept of energy flows to explain, in accessible terms, how Earth's climate system operates and how it's being profoundly impacted by human-generated carbon emissions. Read this book to be informed about the basic science underlying the defining challenge of our time.' Michael E. Mann, Penn State University; author of The New Climate War: The Fight to Take Back Our Planet'Authoritative, rigorous, well written, and nicely illustrated, Trenberth's book is a welcome addition to the non-specialist literature on climate change. It should be suitable as a possible textbook for graduate courses in climate change and climate dynamics, and appealing to the reader willing to invest the time and effort required to understand the scientific principles that determine how the climate system will respond to the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.' John M. Wallace, University of Washington'Trenberth is the world's greatest master-gatherer of climate data; he orders and translates it into beautifully rendered illustrations that can be followed by everyone. If you do not understand a figure, just go to his accompanying prose and you will. He understands every contour of the data. He teaches us through the lens of energetic reservoirs and fluxes among the various climate system components and how they are forced to move about, grow or shrink. What a treat it is.' Gerald R. North, Texas A&M University'Trenberth's The Changing Flow of Energy through the Climate System is an important new textbook on global warming. It is highly accessible and includes a wide range of informative color figures. The introductory chapters give a broad overview of the Earth's climate system that will complement other textbooks on the subject. The chapters on flows of energy go beyond many other publications and provide a deeper understanding of topics such as patterns of natural variability. It is an up-to-date and timely publication, coinciding as it does with the latest Assessment Report from the IPCC.' Matt Smith, University of Worcester'Understanding the changes occurring in the Earth's energy budget underlies understanding of our changing climate. This excellent book builds on the many highly acknowledged research papers Kevin has written on this and related topics of the physics associated with our climate system to explain the depths of the science, while doing it in a way that it readable by the non-expert. And yet, there is much in it of value to all of us, including the experienced scientist.' Donald J. Wuebbles, University of Illinois'I read Kevin's book in August 2021 while visiting family in Greece, away from my home in California, at a time when both regions were devastated by fires following persistent drought and the worst heat waves in decades. Kevin's book emphasizes physical concepts behind these accelerating extremes. He very nicely describes the need to 'stabilize the energy flow of our climate system' and build resilience for the disasters ahead. The easy-to-read style of Kevin's book is a welcome and very timely addition for scientists, non-scientists and decision-makers, alike. He reminds us that it is only by the people of the world working together that we can address this crisis and save humanity on our Spaceship Earth.' Efi Foufoula-Georgiou, University of California, Irvine'Kevin Trenberth is not only one of the world's foremost scholars on climate change, but also among the best at communicating this science. Kevin doesn't just take the reader through the science, but also does a masterful job at laying the foundation upon which the climate change story is built. This is a perfect book for atmospheric and climate science students, as well as for scientifically literate members of the general public who want a true dive into the fundamentals of climate change.' Paul Gross, CCM, CBM; WDIV-TV Meteorologist; Fellow, American Meteorological Society'… a highly accessible treatment of contemporary climate science … Ideal for non-experts, this volume avoids overly technical language yet still describes complex climate system changes … Highly recommended.' J. Schoof, ChoiceTable of Contents1. Earth and Climate System; 2. Earth's Energy Imbalance and Climate Change; 3. Earth's Energy Balance; 4. The Sun-Earth System; 5. Observations of Temperature, Moisture, Precipitation and Radiation; 6. The Climate System; 7. The Weather Machine; 8. The Dynamic Ocean; 9. Poleward Heat Transports by the Atmosphere and Ocean; 10. The Changing Hydrological Cycle; 11. Teleconnections and Patterns of Variability; 12. El Niño; 13. Feedbacks and Climate Sensitivity; 14. Earth's Energy Imbalance Estimates; 15. Attribution and the Hiatus; 16. Prediction and Projection; 17. Emissions and Information; 18. Climate Change and Environmental Issues; References and further reading; Bibliography; Glossary; Acronyms; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book will take an in-depth look at the technologies, processes, and capabilities to develop and produce next generation energetic materials for both commercial and defense applications, including military, mining operations, oil production and well perforation, and construction demolition. It will serve to highlight the critical technologies, latest developments, and the current capability gaps that serve as barriers to military fielding or transition to the commercial marketplace. It will also explain how the processing technologies can be spun out for use in other non-energetics related industries.Trade Review"This book is an excellent collection of current technical strategies in the field of energetic materials. Its writers and editors are leaders in the EM community. The preface provides good background on the current state and need of the field, while each chapter narrates current strides, goals and difficulties." — Jena McCollum, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, USA"This book is unique in so far as it does not only describe the synthesis of (new) energetic materials, but also discusses thermodynamic aspects, physical properties and diagnostics of such materials. Another equally important feature that makes this book highly valuable is its inclusion of the discussion of the transition from laboratory scale to industrial production. I am sure this book is going to become a "must" for all researchers in the field of energetic materials – whether they are academic or industrially-based people."— Thomas M. Klapötke, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany "This book is set apart from all others in the related field. It meshes a good bit of technical aspects with the program management of how business is done as it related to the energetic materials enterprise."— Scott Iacono, US Air Force Academy, Chemistry Research Center, USA"Excellent review. This book should find a place in the shelves of researchers in this area, administrators and law makers involved in funding research in this area."— Dabir S. Viswanath, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA and University of Texas at Austin, USA "By expertly discussing long-standing grand challenges to EM research, development, and production -in one text- this book serves as a Rosetta Stone; it enables our researchers, managers, and government officials to clearly understand each other’s language, constraints, and priorities. The broad reaching scope of this book will help make possible the necessary retooling of administrative and EM manufacturing infrastructures including the introduction of science-based principles into the energetic materials enterprise. In short, Energetic Materials: Advanced Processing Technologies for Next-Generation Materials is an essential business and PLM guidebook for modernizing the energetic materials industry."— Joseph M. Zaug, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA"This book (290 pages in total) is unique in so far as it does not only describe the synthesis of (new) energetic materials but also discusses thermodynamic aspects, physical properties, and diagnostics of such materials. Another equally important feature that makes this book highly valuable is that it includes a discussion of the transition from laboratory scale to industrial production.In summary, I am sure this book is going to become a "must" for all researchers in the field of energetic materials – whether they are academic- or industrially-based scientists."—Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 2018Table of ContentsEnergetic Materials Capabilities in the United States. Science and Research. Prototyping and Development. Production. National Studies and Assessments. Critical Science and Technologies in the Life Cycle of Energetic Materials. Thermodynamic Solubility Modeling of Organic Energetic Materials. Chemical Synthesis and Reaction Schemes. Crystallization of Energetic Particles. Mixing and Coating Operations. Rheological Behavior of Energetic Gels and Suspensions. Continuous Processing and Shaping of Energetic Formulations. Loading, Assembly, and Packout (LAP). New Diagnostic Tools for Characterization of Energetic Materials. Characterizing Energetic Material Reactivity Using Experimental Diagnostics. Printed Energetics: The Path Toward Additive Manufacturing of Munitions. Combined Flame and Solutions Synthesis of Novel Energetic Nanomaterials. The National Technology and Industrial Base of the Future. The Nascent National Energetic Materials Consortium. Integration of U.S. Capabilities and Resources through Public-Private Partnerships. Transition from Laboratory Innovation to Production and Military Fielding. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe wind power business has grown from a niche sector within the energy industry to a global industry that attracts substantial investment. In Europe wind has become the biggest source of new power generation capacity, while also successfully competing with the gas, coal and nuclear sectors in China and the US. Wind Power looks at the nations, companies and people fighting for control of one of the world's fastest growing new industries and how we can harness one of the planet's most powerful energy resources. The book examines the challenges the sector faces as it competes for influence and investment with the fossil fuel industry across the globe. Over the course of this volume, Backwell analyses the industry climbers, the investment trends and the technological advancements that will define the future of wind energy. This second edition is revised throughout and contains new material on frontier wind markets and industry consolidation, as well as the cost reductionsTrade Review'Ben Backwell's new book on wind power is a great read, provides the best current overview of the wind industry, how it got to where it is, and what the future challenges are. Highly recomended!' Henrik Stiesdal, Wind Power Pioneer Table of ContentsForewordIntroductionChapter 1. From Maoism to Lear JetsChapter 2. Big industry moves inChapter 3. China shakes the wind industryChapter 4. Emerging powersChapter 5. The offshore frontierChapter 6. After CopenhagenChapter 7. Turbine manufacturers in troubleChapter 8. The Wind Industry Bounces BackChapter 9. Tipping point: Windpower’s iPhone momentChapter 10. Challenges for the wind-turbine industryConclusion

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This book, originally published in 1995 is a study of crisis management in the electricity supply industry during the 20th century. The full implications of the vulnerability of the industry are examined, with special reference to past industrial action. The authors were well placed to know how close the industry came on more than one occasion to disaster. In the wake of privatisation challenging and controversial questions are asked, which are of fundamental importance to the economy, quality of life and political stability of the country. An account is also given of the past structure, technology and industrial relations of the industry. This volume is an excellent case-study for students of post war politics, public sector management and industrial relations.

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Book SynopsisThis edited work covers diesel fuel chemistry in a systematic fashion from initial fuel production to the tail pipe exhaust. The chapters are written by leading experts in the research areas of analytical characterization of diesel fuel, fuel production and refining, catalysis in fuel processing, pollution minimization and control, and diesel fuel additives.Table of ContentsSection I.Introduction 1.Introduction to Chemistry of Diesel Fuels Section II.Characterization of Diesel Fuels 2.Molecular Characterization of Diesel Fuels Using Modern Analytical Techniques 3.Rapid Detailed Analysis of Transportation Fuels by GC-FIMS Section III.Production of Clean Diesel Fuesls 4.Catalytic Cracking of C6-C16 Paraffins and Cycloparaffins over a Mesoporous Zeolite-Unstacked H-MCM-22 5.The Use of Hydrocracking Process to Produce High Quality Diesel Oil From Brazil's High Nitrogen Feedstocks 6.H2S and Aromatic Effects on Hydrodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophenes over CoMo/C Catalyst 7.Novel Mesoporous Co-Mo/MCM-41 Catalysts for Deep Hydrodesulfurization for Diesel Fuels 8.Performance of Mo Catalysts Supported on TiO2- Based Binary Supports for Distillate Fuel Hydroprocessing 9.Preparation of Surfactants from a Product of Diesel Fuel Biodesulfurization 10.Synthesis of Low Nitrogen Cetane Improvers from the Nitration of Renewable Feedstocks Section V.Emissions and Reduction 11.The Effect of Dimethoxy Methane Fuel Additive on Particle Emissions from a Light Duty Diesel Vehicle 12.The Role of Hydrocarbon Reductant in Metal Loaded Zeolite DeNOx, Catalysis 13.Distribution of PAHS in Burn Residue and Differentiation of Pyrogenic and Petrogenic PAHS. The 1994 and 1997 Mobile Burn Study 14.The Use of Oxygenated Diesel Fuels for Reduction of Particulate Emissions from a Single-Cylinder Indirect Injection Engine 15.Catalytic Activity of Alkali Metal Salts Supported on Perovskite Type Oxide for Carbonaceous Materials Combustion. Author Index. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisVisions for a Sustainable Energy Future

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Book SynopsisIn the era of propelling traditional energy systems to evolve towards smart energy systems, including power generation, energy storage systems, and electricity consumption have become more dynamic. The quality and reliability of power supply are impacted by the sporadic and rising use of electric vehicles, domestic loads, and industrial loads. Similarly, with the integration of solid state devices, renewable sources, and distributed generation, power generation processes are evolving in a variety of ways. Several cutting-edge technologies are necessary for the safe and secure operation of power systems in such a dynamic setting, including load distribution, automation, energy regulation & control, and energy trading. This book covers the applications of various big data analytics,artificial intelligence, and machine learning technologies in smart grids for demand prediction, decision-making processes, policy, and energy management. The book delves into the new technologies for modern power systems such as the Internet of Things, Blockchain for smart home and smart city solutions in depth.Technical topics discussed in the book include:• Hybrid smart energy system technologies• Smart meters• Energy demand forecasting• Use of different protocols and communication in smart energysystems• Power quality and allied issues and mitigation using AI• Intelligent transportation• Virtual power plants• AI based smart energy business models• Smart home solutions• Blockchain solutions for smart grids.Table of Contents1. Introduction to Smart Energy Systems and Recent Trends 2. An Overview of Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, and Internet of Things for Future Energy Systems 3. LoRa: A New Technology for Smart Grid Applications 4. Clustering Hybrid Application for Load Forecasting in Smart Grids 5. Big Data Analytical Techniques for Electrical Energy Forecasting in the Smart Grid Paradigm 6. A Review of Smart Grid Planning Approaches and a New Proposal for operational Planning of a Smart Grid with Smart Homes 7. Smart Meter Data Analytics Case Study: Identification of LV Distribution Network Topology to Design Optimal Planning Solutions 8. Build Smart Grids on Artificial Intelligence: A Real-world Example 9. Artificial Intelligence Enabled Energy-efficient Technologies for Secured Smart Homes 10. A Review of Technologies in Net Zero Energy Building for Islanded Operation

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Book SynopsisA FINANCIAL TIMES BEST SUMMER BOOK OF 2024AN AMAZON BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR SO FAR FOR 2024The trillion-dollar battle for the resources to power our future. Oil and gas defined the twentieth century. Now lithium, copper, cobalt, rare earths and nickel will define the twenty-first.The world is moving towards replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy. But building electric vehicles, solar panels, and millions of other devices requires digging more mines. Critical minerals are vital to many sustainable technologies, and the competition for them is intensifying.Nations which aspire to energy independence are ever more intertwined: a hedge fund manager's attempt to revive rare earths mining in California needs Chinese expertise, and international reliance on Africa's mining sector persists despite concern over child labour. Meanwhile, ecological dilemmas abound: a proposed lithium mine in Neva

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Book SynopsisHeat and Cold Storage 2 focuses on thermochemical sorption storage processes that is, absorption, adsorption and chemical sorption. This book first analyzes the principles of sorption and defines the criteria for selecting the materials to be used, before presenting the three sorption storage technologies. It details the functioning of the absorption cycle in order to highlight the future challenges of this method. Next, the book examines storage by physical adsorption. Then, it presents the fundamentals of this phenomenon and a description of solid-gas adsorption cycles and systems, followed by a number of examples of prototype installations. Finally, the book describes the phenomenon of heat storage by chemical sorption from the scale of the reactive material to the scale of the process, before putting the state of the art of possible improvements into perspective and illustrating various applications.

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Book SynopsisThe Updated Third Edition Provides a Systems Approach to Sustainable Green Energy Production and Contains Analytical Tools for the Design of Renewable Microgrids The revised third edition ofDesign of Smart Power Grid Renewable Energy Systemsintegrates three areas of electrical engineering: power systems, power electronics, and electric energy conversion systems. The book also addresses the fundamental design of wind and photovoltaic (PV) energy microgrids as part of smart-bulk power-grid systems. In order to demystify the complexity of the integrated approach, the author first presents the basic concepts, and then explores a simulation test bed in MATLAB in order to use these concepts to solve a basic problem in the development of smart grid energy system. Each chapter offers a problem of integration and describes why it is important. Then the mathematical model of the problem is formulated, and the solution steps are outlined. This step is followed by deTable of ContentsPreface xiii Acknowledgments xvi About the Companion Website xvii 1 Energy and Civilization 1 1.1 Introduction: Motivation 1 1.2 Fossil Fuel 2 1.3 Energy Use and Industrialization 2 1.4 Nuclear Energy 4 1.5 Global Warming 5 1.6 The Age of the Electric Power Grid 9 1.7 Green and Renewable Energy Sources 10 1.8 Hydrogen 11 1.9 Solar and Photovoltaic 11 1.9.1 Wind Power 12 1.9.2 Geothermal 13 1.10 Biomass 13 1.11 Ethanol 13 1.12 Energy Units and Conversions 13 1.13 Estimating the Cost of Energy 17 1.14 New Oil Boom–Hydraulic Fracturing (Fracking) 20 1.15 Estimation of Future CO2 21 1.16 The Paris Agreement | UNFCCC 22 1.17 Energy Utilization and Economic Growth 23 1.18 Conclusion 23 Problems 24 Further Reading 26 2 Power Grids 28 2.1 Introduction 28 2.2 Electric Power Grids 29 2.2.1 Background 29 2.2.2 The Construction of a Power Grid System 29 2.3 Basic Concepts of Power Grids 33 2.3.1 Common Terms 33 2.3.2 Calculating Power Consumption 33 2.4 Load Models 49 2.5 Transformers in Electric Power Grids 53 2.5.1 A Short History of Transformers 54 2.5.2 Transmission Voltage 54 2.5.3 Transformers 55 2.6 Modeling a Microgrid System 59 2.6.1 The Per Unit System 60 2.7 Modeling Three-Phase Transformers 69 2.8 Tap-Changing Transformers 72 2.9 Modeling Transmission Lines 74 Problems 87 References 92 3 Modeling of Converters in Power Grid Distributed Generation Systems 93 3.1 Introduction 93 3.2 Single-Phase DC/AC Inverters with Two Switches 94 3.3 Single-Phase DC/AC Inverters with a Four-Switch Bipolar Switching Method 106 3.3.1 Pulse Width Modulation with Unipolar Voltage Switching for a Single-Phase Full-Bridge Inverter 110 3.4 Three-Phase DC/AC Inverters 113 3.5 Pulse Width Modulation Methods 114 3.5.1 The Triangular Method 114 3.5.2 The Identity Method 119 3.6 Analysis of DC/AC Three-Phase Inverters 120 3.7 Microgrid of Renewable Energy Systems 130 3.8 DC/DC Converters in Green Energy Systems 133 3.8.1 The Step-Up Converter 134 3.8.2 The Step-Down Converter 144 3.8.3 The Buck–Boost Converter 151 3.9 Rectifiers 156 3.10 Pulse Width Modulation Rectifiers 160 3.11 A Three-Phase Voltage Source Rectifier Utilizing Sinusoidal PWM Switching 163 3.12 The Sizing of an Inverter for Microgrid Operation 167 3.13 The Sizing of a Rectifier for Microgrid Operation 169 3.14 The Sizing of DC/DC Converters for Microgrid Operation 170 Problems 171 References 176 4 Smart Power Grid Systems 177 4.1 Introduction 177 4.2 Power Grid Operation 178 4.3 Vertically and Market-Structured Power Grid 184 4.4 The Operations Control of a Power Grid 187 4.5 Load Frequency Control 187 4.6 Automatic Generation Control 193 4.7 Operating Reserve Calculation 198 4.8 Basic Concepts of a Smart Power Grid 199 4.9 The Load Factor 206 4.10 The Load Factor and Real-Time Pricing 209 4.11 A Cyber-Controlled Smart Grid 212 4.12 Smart Grid Development 214 4.13 Smart Microgrid Renewable and Green Energy Systems 216 4.14 A Power Grid Steam Generator 223 4.15 Power Grid Modeling 234 Problems 240 References 245 5 Solar Energy Systems 247 5.1 Introduction 247 5.2 The Solar Energy Conversion Process: Thermal Power Plants 251 5.3 Photovoltaic Power Conversion 253 5.4 Photovoltaic Materials 253 5.5 Photovoltaic Characteristics 255 5.6 Photovoltaic Efficiency 258 5.7 The Design of Photovoltaic Systems 262 5.8 The Modeling of a Photovoltaic Module 277 5.9 The Measurement of Photovoltaic Performance 278 5.10 The Maximum Power Point of a Photovoltaic Array 278 5.11 A Battery Storage System 292 5.12 A Storage System Based on a Single-Cell Battery 294 5.13 The Energy Yield of a Photovoltaic Module and the Angle of Incidence 317 5.14 The State of Photovoltaic Generation Technology 318 Problems 318 References 326 6 Microgrid Wind Energy Systems 328 6.1 Introduction 328 6.2 Wind Power 329 6.3 Wind Turbine Generators 331 6.4 The Modeling of Induction Machines 334 6.4.1 Calculation of Slip 343 6.4.2 The Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Machine 343 6.5 Power Flow Analysis of an Induction Machine 346 6.6 The Operation of an Induction Generator 351 6.7 Dynamic Performance 366 6.8 The Doubly Fed Induction Generator 372 6.9 Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Generator Systems 375 6.10 Variable-Speed Permanent Magnet Generators 376 6.11 A Variable-Speed Synchronous Generator 377 6.12 A Variable-Speed Generator with a Converter Isolated from the Grid 378 Problems 380 References 384 7 Load Flow Analysis of Power Grids and Microgrids 386 7.1 Introduction 386 7.2 Voltage Calculation in Power Grid Analysis 387 7.3 The Power Flow Problem 391 7.4 Load Flow Study as a Power System Engineering Tool 392 7.5 Bus Types 392 7.6 General Formulation of the Power Flow Problem 397 7.7 Algorithm for Calculation of Bus Admittance Model 400 7.7.1 The History of Algebra, Algorithm, and Number Systems 400 7.7.2 Bus Admittance Algorithm 402 7.8 The Bus Impedance Algorithm 403 7.9 Formulation of the Load Flow Problem 404 7.10 The Gauss–Seidel YBUS Algorithm 407 7.11 The Gauss–Seidel ZBUS Algorithm 412 7.12 Comparison of the YBUS and ZBUS Power Flow Solution Methods 419 7.13 The Synchronous and Asynchronous Operation of Microgrids 420 7.14 An Advanced Power Flow Solution Method: The Newton–Raphson Algorithm 422 7.14.1 The Newton–Raphson Algorithm 425 7.15 General Formulation of the Newton–Raphson Algorithm 430 7.16 The Decoupled Newton–Raphson Algorithm 434 7.17 The Fast Decoupled Load Flow Algorithm 435 7.18 Analysis of a Power Flow Problem 436 Problems 448 References 461 8 Power Grid and Microgrid Fault Studies 462 8.1 Introduction 462 8.2 Power Grid Fault Current Calculation 464 8.3 Symmetrical Components 468 8.4 Sequence Networks for Power Generators 473 8.5 The Modeling of Wind and PV Generating Stations 476 8.6 Sequence Networks for Balanced Three-Phase Transmission Lines 477 8.7 Ground Current Flow in Balanced Three-Phase Transformers 479 8.8 Zero Sequence Network 481 8.8.1 Transformers 481 8.8.2 Load Connections 482 8.8.3 Power Grid 484 8.9 Fault Studies 487 8.9.1 Balanced Three-Phase Fault Analysis 490 8.9.2 Unbalanced Faults 508 8.9.3 Single-Line-to-Ground Faults 508 8.9.4 Double-Line-to-Ground Faults 511 8.9.5 Line-to-Line Faults 513 Problems 527 References 533 9 Smart Devices and Energy Efficiency Monitoring Systems 534 9.1 Introduction 534 9.2 Kilowatt-Hour Measurements 535 9.3 Current and Voltage Measurements 536 9.4 Power Measurements at 60 or 50HZ 537 9.5 Analog-to-Digital Conversions 538 9.6 Root Mean Square (RMS) Measurement Devices 538 9.7 Energy Monitoring Systems 539 9.8 Smart Meters 539 9.9 Power Monitoring and Scheduling 540 9.10 Communication Systems 541 9.11 Network Security and Software 543 9.12 Smartphone Applications 546 9.13 Summary 546 Problems 547 Further Reading 548 10 Load Estimation and Classification 549 10.1 Introduction 549 10.2 Load Estimation of a Residential Load 549 10.3 Service Feeder and Metering 557 10.3.1 Assumed Wattages 557 Problems 560 References 562 11 Energy Saving and Cost Estimation of Incandescent and Light-Emitting Diodes 563 11.1 Building Lighting with Incandescent Bulbs 563 11.2 Comparative Performance of LED, Incandescent, and LFC Lighting 564 11.3 Building Load Estimation 566 11.4 Led Energy Saving 569 11.5 Return on Investment on LED Lighting 571 11.6 Annual Carbon Emissions 572 Problems 572 References 572 Appendix A Complex Numbers 573 Appendix B Transmission Line and Distribution Typical Data 576 Appendix C Energy Yield of Photovoltaic Panels and Angle of Incidence 581 Appendix D Wind Power 594 Index 599

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Book SynopsisA revised and updated text that explores the fundamentals of the physics of electric power handling systems The revised and updated second edition of Electric Power Principles: Sources, Conversion, Distribution and Use offers an innovative and comprehensive approach to the fundamentals of electric power. The author a noted expert on the topic provides a thorough grounding in electric power systems, with an informative discussion on per-unit normalisations, symmetrical components and iterative load flow calculations. The text covers the most important topics within the power system, such as protection and DC transmission, and examines both traditional power plants and those used for extracting sustainable energy from wind and sunlight. The text explores the principles of electromechanical energy conversion and magnetic circuits and synchronous machines the most important generators of electric power. The book also contains information on power electroniTrade ReviewIt is a must-read book for everyone who feels interested in area of electric power system. This book covers almost every essential item that falls in this area. By reading this book, you can expect to explore all the key components in electric power system, such as energy source, transmission line, protection mechanism, load flow, electric machine, etc. All the key concepts are discussed from fundamental physics and elaborated steps by steps. Real world examples with pictures are given in the right place to visualize the discussed items. Problem sets are included in each chapter to strengthen the learnt concepts. I am quite sure everyone from all levels can follow and understand all the contents without much difficulty. In this second edition, a new chapter on energy storage and some other updated information are added. As a teacher and researcher in power engineering, I would say this book must be one of the best books in this area. Christopher H. T. Lee, Assistant Professor, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeTable of ContentsPreface xv About the Companion Website xvii 1 Electric Power Systems 1 1.1 Electric Utility Systems 2 1.2 Energy and Power 3 1.2.1 Basics and Units 3 1.3 Sources of Electric Power 5 1.3.1 Heat Engines 5 1.3.2 Power Plants 6 1.3.2.1 Environmental Impact of Burning Fossil Fuels 7 1.3.3 Nuclear Power Plants 8 1.3.4 Hydroelectric Power 9 1.3.5 Wind Turbines 10 1.3.6 Solar Power Generation 12 1.4 Electric Power Plants and Generation 14 1.5 Problems 15 2 AC Voltage, Current, and Power 17 2.1 Sources and Power 17 2.1.1 Voltage and Current Sources 17 2.1.2 Power 18 2.1.3 Sinusoidal Steady State 18 2.1.4 Phasor Notation 19 2.1.5 Real and Reactive Power 19 2.1.5.1 Root Mean Square (RMS) Amplitude 20 2.2 Resistors, Inductors, and Capacitors 20 2.2.1 Reactive Power and Voltage 22 2.2.1.1 Example 22 2.2.2 Reactive Power Voltage Support 22 2.3 Voltage Stability and Bifurcation 23 2.3.1 Voltage Calculation 24 2.3.2 Voltage Solution and Effect of Reactive Power 25 2.4 Problems 26 3 Transmission Lines 33 3.1 Modeling: Telegrapher’s Equations 33 3.1.1 Traveling Waves 35 3.1.2 Characteristic Impedance 35 3.1.3 Power 36 3.1.4 Line Terminations and Reflections 36 3.1.4.1 Examples 37 3.1.4.2 Lightning 38 3.1.4.3 Inductive Termination 39 3.1.5 Sinusoidal Steady State 41 3.2 Problems 44 4 Polyphase Systems 47 4.1 Two-phase Systems 47 4.2 Three-phase Systems 48 4.3 Line–Line Voltages 51 4.3.1 Example: Wye- and Delta-connected Loads 52 4.3.2 Example: Use of Wye–Delta for Unbalanced Loads 53 4.4 Problems 55 5 Electrical and Magnetic Circuits 59 5.1 Electric Circuits 59 5.1.1 Kirchhoff’s Current Law 59 5.1.2 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 60 5.1.3 Constitutive Relationship: Ohm’s Law 60 5.2 Magnetic Circuit Analogies 62 5.2.1 Analogy to KCL 62 5.2.2 Analogy to KVL: Magnetomotive Force 62 5.2.3 Analogy to Ohm’s Law: Reluctance 63 5.2.4 Simple Case 64 5.2.5 Flux Confinement 64 5.2.6 Example: C-Core 65 5.2.7 Example: Core with Different Gaps 66 5.3 Problems 66 6 Transformers 71 6.1 Single-phase Transformers 71 6.1.1 Ideal Transformers 72 6.1.2 Deviations from an Ideal Transformer 73 6.1.3 Autotransformers 75 6.2 Three-phase Transformers 76 6.2.1 Example 78 6.2.2 Example: Grounding or Zigzag Transformer 80 6.3 Problems 81 7 Polyphase Lines and Single-phase Equivalents 87 7.1 Polyphase Transmission and Distribution Lines 87 7.1.1 Example 89 7.2 Introduction to Per-unit Systems 90 7.2.1 Normalization of Voltage and Current 90 7.2.2 Three-phase Systems 91 7.2.3 Networks with Transformers 92 7.2.4 Transforming from One Base to Another 92 7.2.5 Example: Fault Study 93 7.2.5.1 One-line Diagram of the Situation 93 7.3 Appendix: Inductances of Transmission Lines 95 7.3.1 Single Wire 95 7.3.2 Mutual Inductance 96 7.3.3 Bundles of Conductors 97 7.3.4 Transposed Lines 98 7.4 Problems 98 8 Electromagnetic Forces and Loss Mechanisms 103 8.1 Energy Conversion Process 103 8.1.1 Principle of Virtual Work 104 8.1.1.1 Example: Lifting Magnet 106 8.1.2 Co-energy 107 8.1.2.1 Example: Co-energy Force Problem 107 8.1.2.2 Electric Machine Model 108 8.2 Continuum Energy Flow 109 8.2.1 Material Motion 110 8.2.2 Additional Issues in Energy Methods 111 8.2.2.1 Co-energy in Continuous Media 111 8.2.2.2 Permanent Magnets 112 8.2.2.3 Energy in the Flux–Current Plane 113 8.2.3 Electric Machine Description 115 8.2.4 Field Description of Electromagnetic Force: The Maxwell Stress Tensor 117 8.2.5 Tying the Maxwell Stress Tensor and Poynting Approaches Together 119 8.2.5.1 Simple Description of a Linear Induction Motor 120 8.3 Surface Impedance of Uniform Conductors 122 8.3.1 Linear Case 123 8.3.2 Iron 125 8.3.3 Magnetization 126 8.3.4 Saturation and Hysteresis 126 8.3.5 Conduction, Eddy Currents, and Laminations 129 8.3.5.1 Complete Penetration Case 129 8.3.6 Eddy Currents in Saturating Iron 131 8.4 Semi-empirical Method of Handling Iron Loss 133 8.5 Problems 136 References 141 9 Synchronous Machines 143 9.1 Round Rotor Machines: Basics 144 9.1.1 Operation with a Balanced Current Source 145 9.1.2 Operation with a Voltage Source 145 9.2 Reconciliation of Models 147 9.2.1 Torque Angles 148 9.3 Per-unit Systems 148 9.4 Normal Operation 149 9.4.1 Capability Diagram 150 9.4.2 Vee Curve 150 9.5 Salient Pole Machines: Two-reaction Theory 151 9.6 Synchronous Machine Dynamics 155 9.7 Synchronous Machine Dynamic Model 155 9.7.1 Electromagnetic Model 156 9.7.2 Park’s Equations 157 9.7.3 Power and Torque 160 9.7.4 Per-unit Normalization 160 9.7.5 Equivalent Circuits 163 9.7.6 Transient Reactances and Time Constants 164 9.8 Statement of Simulation Model 165 9.8.1 Example: Transient Stability 166 9.8.2 Equal Area Transient Stability Criterion 166 9.9 Appendix 1: Transient Stability Code 169 9.10 Appendix 2: Winding Inductance Calculation 172 9.10.1 Pitch Factor 175 9.10.2 Breadth Factor 175 9.11 Problems 177 10 System Analysis and Protection 181 10.1 The Symmetrical Component Transformation 181 10.2 Sequence Impedances 184 10.2.1 Balanced Transmission Lines 184 10.2.2 Balanced Load 185 10.2.3 Possibly Unbalanced Loads 186 10.2.4 Unbalanced Sources 187 10.2.5 Rotating Machines 189 10.2.6 Transformers 189 10.2.6.1 Example: Rotation of Symmetrical Component Currents 190 10.2.6.2 Example: Reconstruction of Currents 191 10.3 Fault Analysis 192 10.3.1 Single Line–Neutral Fault 192 10.3.2 Double Line–Neutral Fault 193 10.3.3 Line–Line Fault 193 10.3.4 Example of Fault Calculations 194 10.3.4.1 Symmetrical Fault 195 10.3.4.2 Single Line–Neutral Fault 195 10.3.4.3 Double Line–Neutral Fault 196 10.3.4.4 Line–Line Fault 197 10.3.4.5 Conversion to Amperes 198 10.4 System Protection 198 10.4.1 Fuses 199 10.5 Switches 199 10.6 Coordination 200 10.6.1 Ground Overcurrent 200 10.7 Impedance Relays 201 10.7.1 Directional Elements 202 10.8 Differential Relays 202 10.8.1 Ground Fault Protection for Personnel 203 10.9 Zones of System Protection 203 10.10 Problems 204 11 Load Flow 211 11.1 Two Ports and Lines 211 11.1.1 Power Circles 212 11.2 Load Flow in a Network 214 11.3 Gauss–Seidel Iterative Technique 216 11.4 Bus Types 217 11.5 Bus Admittance 217 11.5.1 Bus Incidence 217 11.5.2 Example Network 218 11.5.3 Alternative Assembly of Bus Admittance 219 11.6 Newton–Raphson Method for Load Flow 220 11.6.1 Generator Buses 222 11.6.2 Decoupling 222 11.6.3 Example Calculations 223 11.7 Problems 223 11.8 Appendix: Matlab Scripts to Implement Load Flow Techniques 226 11.8.1 Gauss–Seidel Routine 226 11.8.2 Newton–Raphson Routine 228 11.8.3 Decoupled Newton–Raphson Routine 230 12 Power Electronics and Converters in Power Systems 233 12.1 Switching Devices 233 12.1.1 Diodes 234 12.1.2 Thyristors 234 12.1.3 Bipolar Transistors 235 12.2 Rectifier Circuits 236 12.2.1 Full-wave Rectifier 237 12.2.1.1 Full-wave Bridge with Resistive Load 237 12.2.1.2 Phase-control Rectifier 238 12.2.1.3 Phase Control into an Inductive Load 240 12.2.1.4 AC Phase Control 242 12.2.1.5 Rectifiers for DC Power Supplies 242 12.3 DC–DC Converters 243 12.3.1 Pulse Width Modulation 246 12.3.2 Boost Converter 247 12.3.2.1 Continuous Conduction 247 12.3.2.2 Discontinuous Conduction 249 12.3.2.3 Unity Power Factor Supplies 250 12.4 Canonical Cell 251 12.4.1 Bidirectional Converter 251 12.4.2 H-Bridge 252 12.5 Three-phase Bridge Circuits 254 12.5.1 Rectifier Operation 254 12.5.2 Phase Control 257 12.5.3 Commutation Overlap 257 12.5.4 AC Side Current Harmonics 259 12.5.4.1 Power Supply Rectifiers 261 12.5.4.2 PWM Capable Switch Bridge 262 12.6 Unified Power Flow Controller 264 12.7 High-voltage DC Transmission 267 12.8 Basic Operation of a Converter Bridge 268 12.8.1 Turn-on Switch 268 12.8.2 Inverter Terminal 269 12.9 Achieving High Voltage 270 12.10 Problems 271 13 System Dynamics and Energy Storage 277 13.1 Load–Frequency Relationship 277 13.2 Energy Balance 277 13.2.1 Natural Response 278 13.2.2 Feedback Control 279 13.2.3 Droop Control 280 13.2.4 Isochronous Control 281 13.3 Synchronized Areas 282 13.3.1 Area Control Error 282 13.3.2 Synchronizing Dynamics 283 13.3.3 Feedback Control to Drive ACE to Zero 284 13.4 Inverter Connection 285 13.4.1 Overview of Connection 286 13.4.2 Filters 287 13.4.3 Measurement 288 13.4.4 Phase Locked Loop 289 13.4.5 Control Loops 290 13.4.6 Grid-following (Slave) Inverter 291 13.4.7 Grid-forming (Master) Inverter 291 13.4.8 Droop-controlled Inverter 292 13.5 Energy Storage 292 13.5.1 Time Scales 293 13.5.2 Batteries 293 13.5.2.1 Simplest Battery Model 294 13.5.2.2 Diffusion Model 294 13.5.2.3 Model Including State of Charge 295 13.6 Problems 296 14 Induction Machines 299 14.1 Introduction 299 14.2 Induction Machine Transformer Model 301 14.2.1 Operation: Energy Balance 307 14.2.1.1 Simplified Torque Estimation 309 14.2.1.2 Torque Summary 310 14.2.2 Example of Operation 310 14.2.3 Motor Performance Requirements 312 14.2.3.1 Effect of Rotor Resistance 312 14.3 Squirrel-cage Machines 313 14.4 Single-phase Induction Motors 314 14.4.1 Rotating Fields 314 14.4.2 Power Conversion in the Single-phase Induction Machine 315 14.4.3 Starting of Single-phase Induction Motors 316 14.4.3.1 Shaded Pole Motors 317 14.4.3.2 Split-phase Motors 317 14.4.4 Split-phase Operation 318 14.4.4.1 Example Motor 319 14.5 Induction Generators 321 14.6 Induction Motor Control 322 14.6.1 Volts/Hz Control 323 14.6.2 Field-oriented Control 323 14.6.3 Elementary Model 324 14.6.4 Simulation Model 325 14.6.5 Control Model 326 14.6.6 Field-oriented Strategy 327 14.7 Doubly-fed Induction Machines 329 14.7.1 Steady-state Operation 331 14.8 Appendix 1: Squirrel-cage Machine Model 334 14.8.1 Rotor Currents and Induced Flux 334 14.8.2 Squirrel-cage Currents 335 14.9 Appendix 2: Single-phase Squirrel-cage Model 339 14.10 Appendix 3: Induction Machine Winding Schemes 341 14.10.1 Winding Factor for Concentric Windings 344 14.11 Problems 345 References 350 15 DC (Commutator) Machines 351 15.1 Geometry 351 15.2 Torque Production 352 15.3 Back Voltage 353 15.4 Operation 354 15.4.1 Shunt Operation 355 15.4.2 Separately Excited 356 15.4.2.1 Armature Voltage Control 357 15.4.2.2 Field Weakening Control 357 15.4.2.3 Dynamic Braking 358 15.4.3 Machine Capability 358 15.5 Series Connection 359 15.6 Universal Motors 361 15.7 Commutator 362 15.7.1 Commutation Interpoles 362 15.7.2 Compensation 364 15.8 Compound-wound DC Machines 365 15.9 Problems 367 16 Permanent Magnets in Electric Machines 371 16.1 Permanent Magnets 371 16.1.1 Permanent Magnets in Magnetic Circuits 373 16.1.2 Load Line Analysis 373 16.1.2.1 Very Hard Magnets 374 16.1.2.2 Surface Magnet Analysis 375 16.1.2.3 Amperian Currents 376 16.2 Commutator Machines 376 16.2.1 Voltage 378 16.2.2 Armature Resistance 379 16.3 Brushless PM Machines 380 16.4 Motor Morphologies 380 16.4.1 Surface Magnet Machines 380 16.4.2 Interior Magnet, Flux-concentrating Machines 381 16.4.3 Operation 382 16.4.3.1 Voltage and Current: Round Rotor 382 16.4.4 A Little Two-reaction Theory 384 16.4.5 Finding Torque Capability 387 16.4.5.1 Optimal Currents 388 16.4.5.2 Rating 389 16.5 Problems 393 Reference 396 Index 397

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Book SynopsisThis latest volume includes contributions on the latest advances in energy research. Chapter One discusses heat transfer in micro-ducts. Chapter Two addresses the description and analysis of volume holographic elements for solar concentrating systems based on the detailed simulation of the energy amount and profile along with the spectral distribution delivered onto the solar receiver. Chapter Three reviews the impact of using thin alloyed capping layers (CLs) for InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) solar cells. Chapter Four examines the development of soap based thermal insulation for buildings as a sustainable alternative to the petroleum based counterparts, whilst decreasing the associated environmental costs. Chapter Five analyzes the simulation of spark plasma sintering for the preparation of inhomogeneous thermoelectric materials for energy generators. Chapter Six proposes a new maximum power point tracking algorithm for generators based on the suggested accurate electro-thermal model for them. Chapter Seven focuses on signal processing based mechanical fault prognosis and diagnosis of operating wind turbines in wind farms.

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Book SynopsisIn this compilation, the authors first present a study in which computational design is performed, using empirical data, to fit physical models to extract transport and material parameters (which are then used in 1D continuum and 3D particle models of charge transport) to validate against empirical measurement and each other prior to use in extrapolation studies. Next, the book aims to discuss and illustrate the key trends behind the current international and European Union energy and climate policy. The authors provide insights into current dynamics, enabling a better understanding of future developments and indicating that unless a global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is made, emissions will continue to rise. The authors also present a computer algorithm based on type-1 fuzzy logic control strategies to manage the flow of energy in stand-alone PV/Wind/Battery hybrid systems. The solar and wind energies were combined together to increase systems efficiency and batteries were used to ensure the availability of power on demand and improve the dynamic behavior of the system. Both traditional and state-of-the-art proteomics techniques used for quantification of corn stover hydrolyzing enzymes are presented in the following chapter. The quantitative expression of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes secreted by different microbes during corn stover hydrolysis is discussed, and an attempt is made to link the substrate complexity and quantitative composition of lignocellulolytic enzymes produced by microbes. Later, an algorithm based on artificial neural network (ANN) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) is proposed for analyzing and assessing industrial sectors for energy potential. For illustrative purposes, energy use in the South African industrial sector between 1993 and 2025 was presented as a case study. The closing study reviews the merits of these Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Data Envelopment Analysis to develop a new hybrid model to determine how much energy could be conserved in the residential sector. The model was applied to the United States residential sector from 1984 to 2010 and it was discovered that 7.5% of energy consumed could be conserved.

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces the main waste heat sources that come from the industrial, electric, commercial, residential and transportation sectors of society. The wide applications of waste heat through heat pumps are then detailed, mainly including gas heating, hot water production, and steam production (for sterilization, distillation, rectification, etc.). A summary of the main findings and trends in the area of ejector-enhanced efficiency of waste heat recovery cycles and systems using low boiling point working fluids. Following a brief overview of the ejector, selected configurations of interest are presented and discussed in a variety of applications. The purpose of the following chapter is to provide a concise overview of waste heat availability and energy capturing potential, and the different technologies available for its recovery as well as their advantages and challenges. In closing, the different types of waste heat recovery technologies that are used in cement plants to produce electricity are reviewed, and the potential for electricity production from heat exhaust gases of three cement plants by using waste heat recovery technology is discussed.Table of ContentsPreface; Uses of Waste Heat via Heat Pump; Ejector Enhanced Waste Heat Recovery Systems Efficiency; Waste Heat Recovery Technologies in Industrial and Building Applications; Waste Heat Recovery for the Cement Sector; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book is intended to answer the following questions: 1. What is? 2. Why is the momentum order? 3. When and where does irreversibility occur? 4. How can the matter become more orderly? In a relatively well-understood field of my research, the new concepts will be used to explain some of the problems that have puzzled people for about 150 years. The is a type of energy that is missing, not the heat extracted from known energy. It is the potential energy of the spatial configuration of the momentum at the location of the material in the system constructed under known forces. There are two potential energies in the mechanics system. Boltzmann entropy is to calculate the total number of microscopic states by the number of momentum counted in the statistical system. So it must be the order of momentum, instead of the spatial position arrangement of the witnessed substances. The entropy of the ideal gas in the wall-less space can be proved to be equal to considering spatial degeneracy due to space distinguishable of molecule momentum. The gas state equation hides the principle of interaction invariance. One force has two kinds of potential energy. The certainty of the statistical system stems from the order of momentum. The Clausius statement of the second law of thermodynamics is that heat spontaneously flows from a high temperature object to a low temperature one. The Boltzmann entropy of this process is decreased, which is in contrast to the increase of Clausius entropy of the process. This shows that there are two kinds of entropy and two kinds of entropy criteria. The world around us often becomes more orderly. The vortex in the fluid is due to the combination of the angular momentum number and the order flow structure generated spontaneously. When the electrons in the Hydrogen atom form a covalent bond of the molecule, the degeneracy of the electron microscopic states is caused by quantum entanglement. This merge is not only a spontaneous process, but also the molecule is a more ordered material state. Since the mixing process is also a spontaneous process of ÎSB reduction, the mixture is in a more ordered state. These help us understand that a large number of high molecular compounds are crowded into cells to construct highly ordered life activities. Of course, the orderly process is conditional. We can expect to discover more in the application of the second law of thermodynamics.Table of ContentsPreface; New Ideas and Concepts; Questions of Motion on Molecular Level in Condensed Matter; Problems of Motion on Continuous Media Level; TSB Potential Energy of Quantum State in Atoms and Molecules; Ordered Lives are Produced Spontaneously; Discussion and Prospect; Index.

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Book SynopsisVolume 33 begins with a focus on gas hydrates, also known as methane hydrates, which are formed due to high hydraulic pressures present under the cold seabed over long periods of time. Following this, an exploratory method using semi-structured interviews was undertaken to investigate the barriers and drivers for implementing energy efficiency measures in South Africa's cement finishing mill. To address the large energy consumption of microalgae dewatering and to increase revenues from microalgae, a novel process for the prior sustainable extraction of carotenoids from wet microalgae biomass is proposed. The authors describe the evolution of smart grids in some developing countries, highlighting the challenges and trends for the next years. For this purpose, reference cases corresponding to different developing countries of Africa and America are used. Additionally, the basics of high efficiency cogeneration and the mathematical model used to calculate the amount of electricity in cogeneration are discussed. In one study, the impedance of the diffusion and reaction processes in an electrochemical cell is modelled by means of transmission line equivalent electric circuits. To discuss the applications of common techniques to control the efficiency and costs of underground ventilation, detailed information on current practices is collected through discussions with miners to identify relevant problems. The authors go on to explore barriers and enablers which impact the durability of solar street lighting systems in rural India to create a renewable energy eco-system in rural poor communities. Later, it is proposed that statistical control charts can assist in controlling energy consumption in universities, and the rate of energy consumption flow is used to diagnose high-energy consumption. The closing research is an analysis of problems found during the operation of the biogas power system at Baiturrahman boarding school, West Java, Indonesia, and recommendations to enhance the system performance are provided.Table of ContentsPreface; A Global Survey of Gas Hydrate Development and Reserves Specifically in Marine Field; Drivers and Barriers to Industrial Energy Efficiency: A Case Study of South Africas Cement Finishing Mill Plant; Novel Biorefinery Concept for Integral Use of Wet Microalgae Using Renewable Solvent; Smart Grids in Developing Countries: Current Status, Challenges and Upcoming Trends; Techno-Economic Assessment of High Efficiency Cogeneration; Electrical Networks Modelling the Impedance of the Diffusion and Reaction Processes in Electrochemical Systems; An Overview on Cost Control Techniques Used in Underground Ventilation in Brazil; Barriers and Enablers Affecting Durability of Solar Street Lighting Systems in Rural India; Controlling Energy Consumption Rates at Higher Learning Institutions; Evaluation of Biogas Power System Performance at Baiturrahman Boarding School, West Java, Indonesia; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a better understanding of Fuzzy set theory, Fuzzy logic and Neural Networks and various other techniques seem very well suited for modelling and controlling a real system. Energy is of major importance to civilisation, because it is driving force which binds human race. The estimation of energy in the form of renewable and sustainable is one of the important aspects to understand the how resources are harnessed and to predict what might happen under various possible future conditions. Using available modelling techniques to generate the best algorithms, the objective is to determine the best solution in terms of comparing the performances of the solutions through different parameters for a specific case. Consumption of Fossil fuels at a rapid pace has generated an alarming situation and with the subsequent increase in the number of vehicle the pollution level has reached well beyond human's control. This is frightening enough to observe the fact that the pollution level has surpassed all records and the need of the hour is to find an alternate fuel which can really be of great assistance in reducing the exhaust emission and augment the performance parameters of engine. Major researches are carried out on various engines to draw closer towards a realistic solution. Experiments performed on various engines are considered to be time consuming and the expenses met to perform these experiments are too costly, so the need of soft computing techniques involved in this area. Soft computing can be better described as the process to find the solution to an inexact problem. Soft computing has showed lot of potential in giving the researchers the exact solution may be in case of validating or predicting the performance and emission parameters. Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference system (ANFIS), Fuzzy Expert System (FES), Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are the various soft computing techniques widely used. This book focuses on to carry out the comprehensive review and various other experimental works of various researchers who have carried out the work on these various soft computing techniques on various engines with various alternative fuels on the basis of modelling techniques, time is saved to a great extent and the capital investment involved is comparably very low. Various modelling techniques are being readily used to predict the performance parameters for various engines and modelling techniques have become the readily available tool to compare and validate the experimental work being carried out by researchers to get accurate matching with the experimental data. The benefit of this issue will be at large in connecting with varieties of work done in the field of Biomass which includes wood and wood waste, municipal solid waste. Landfill gas and biogas. Ethanol, Biodiesel, Hydropower, Geothermal, Wind, Solar. Thus soft computing techniques are fast and reliable hence, they can be a substitute for conventional experiments.Table of ContentsPreface; Investigation of Wind and Photovoltaic Energy Systems for Daily Load Dispatch on Reconfigurable Microgrid through Hybrid Fuzzy-MFO; Biomass; Hydrogen: Present and Future Energy; Safety Aspects in Handling and Storage of Ultra High Purity Gaseous Hydrogen; Review on the Performance, Combustion, and Emissions of Butanol-Diesel Mixes in Compression Ignition Engine; Specific Soft Computing Strategies for Evaluating the Performance and Emissions of a Spark-Ignition Engine Using Alcohol-Gasoline Blended Fuels: A Comprehensive Analysis; Energy Conservation Techniques for Food Processing and Manufacturing Industries; Effect of Biodiesel on Performance, Emissions and Combustion; Sustainable Development through Learning Climate Change: Adaptation Mitigation and Finance; Index.

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