Electricity, electromagnetism and magnetism Books

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Book SynopsisAn energetic charged particle beam introduced to an rf cavity excites a wakefield therein. This wakefield can be decomposed into a series of higher order modes and multipoles, which for sufficiently small beam offsets are dominated by the dipole component. This work focuses on using these dipole modes to detect the beam position in third harmonic superconducting S-band cavities for light source applications. A rigorous examination of several means of analysing the beam position based on signals radiated to higher order modes ports is presented. Experimental results indicate a position resolution, based on this technique, of 20 microns over a complete module of 4 cavities. Methods are also indicated for improving the resolution and for applying this method to other cavity configurations. This work is distinguished by its clarity and potential for application to several other international facilities. The material is presented in a didactic style and is recommended both for students new to the field, and for scientists well-versed in the field of rf diagnostics.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Electromagnetic Eigenmode Simulations of the Third Harmonic Cavity.- Measurements of HOM Spectra.- Analysis Methods for Beam Position Extraction from HOM.- Dependencies of HOM on Transverse Beam Offsets.- HOM-Based Beam Position Diagnostics.- Conclusions.- Bibliography.- Mathematics.- Eigenmodes of an Ideal Third Harmonic Cavity.- Technical Details of the HOM Measurements.

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Book SynopsisPresenting topics that have not previously been contained in a single volume, this book offers an up-to-date review of computational methods in electromagnetism, with a focus on recent results in the numerical simulation of real-life electromagnetic problems and on theoretical results that are useful in devising and analyzing approximation algorithms. Based on four courses delivered in Cetraro in June 2014, the material covered includes the spatial discretization of Maxwell’s equations in a bounded domain, the numerical approximation of the eddy current model in harmonic regime, the time domain integral equation method (with an emphasis on the electric-field integral equation) and an overview of qualitative methods for inverse electromagnetic scattering problems.Assuming some knowledge of the variational formulation of PDEs and of finite element/boundary element methods, the book is suitable for PhD students and researchers interested in numerical approximation of partial differential equations and scientific computing.Table of ContentsPreface, Ralf Hiptmair: Maxwell's Equations: Continuous and Discrete Peter Monk: Numerical Methods for Maxwell's Equations, Rodolfo Rodriguez: Numerical Approximation of Low-Frequency Problems; Houssem Haddar: Inverse Electromagnetic Scattering Problems.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook bridges the gap between university courses on electrodynamics and the knowledge needed to successfully address the problem of electrodynamics of metamaterials. It appeals to both experimentalists and theoreticians who are interested in the physical basics of metamaterials and plasmonics. Focusing on qualitative fundamental treatment as opposed to quantitative numerical treatment, it covers the phenomena of artificial magnetization at high frequencies, and discusses homogenization procedures and the basics of quantum dynamics in detail. By considering different phenomena it creates a self-consistent qualitative picture to explain most observable phenomena. This allows readers to develop a better understanding of the concepts, and helps to create a conceptual approach, which is especially important in educational contexts. This clearly written book includes problems and solutions for each chapter, which can be used for seminars and homework, as well as qualitative models that are helpful to students. Table of ContentsPhenomenological Electrodynamics of materials with negative dielectric and magnetic constants.- Homogenization of Maxwell equations – macroscopic and microscopic approaches.- Phenomenological vs multipole models.- Charge dynamics and dielectric/magnetic constants elaboration.- Plasmons/Polaritons.- Transmission of light through subwavelength structures.- Multipole approach for homogenization of metamaterials (MM).- “Quantum” MM.

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Book SynopsisZusammen mit einer kurzen Einführung in das System der Maxwellschen Gleichungen und einer Definition der Feldgrößen lehrt das Buch mit charakteristischen Beispielen die Lösungsmethodik der Feldtheorie. Schwerpunkte sind dabei statistische und stationäre elektrische und magnetische Felder, quasistationäre elektromagnetische Felder und elektromagnetische Wellen. Für das Verständnis besonders hilfreich ist die Darstellung von Feldlinienbildern. Dieses Lehrbuch bietet eine Sammlung ausgewählter anspruchsvoller Übungsaufgaben mit Lösungen, die es ermöglichen, die elektromagnetische Feldtheorie zu verstehen und sachgerecht anzuwenden.Trade Review"Das Buch enthält in untadeliger Darstellung etliche Aufgaben mit Ausarbeitung zu den klassischen Teilgebieten der Elektrodynamik, wobei die ausgezeichneten Feldbilder besonders hervorgehoben werden müssen. Den zitierten Wunsch des Autors hat sich dieser mit seinem Buch ohne Frage erfüllt." Impulse, 01/2003Table of ContentsDie Maxwellschen Gleichungen - Elektrostatische Felder - Das stationäre Strömungsfeld - Das magnetische Feld stationärer Ströme - Das quasistationäre elektromagnetische Feld: der Skineffekt - Elektromagnetische Wellen

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Book SynopsisFrom complex structure elucidation to biomolecular interactions - this applicationoriented textbook covers both theory and practice of modern NMR applications. Part one sets the stage with a general description of NMR introducing important parameters such as the chemical shift and scalar or dipolar couplings. Part two describes the theory behind NMR, providing a profound understanding of the involved spin physics, deliberately kept shorter than in other NMR textbooks, and without a rigorous mathematical treatment of all the physico-chemical computations. Part three discusses technical and practical aspects of how to use NMR. Important phenomena such as relaxation, exchange, or the nuclear Overhauser effects and the methods of modern NMR spectroscopy including multidimensional experiments, solid state NMR, and the measurement of molecular interactions are the subject of part four. The final part explains the use of NMR for the structure determination of selected classes of complex biomolecules, from steroids to peptides or proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. For chemists as well as users of NMR technology in the biological sciences.Table of ContentsPreface INTRODUCTION TO NMR SPECTROSCOPY Our First 1D Spectrum Some Nomenclature: Chemical Shifts, Line Widths, and Scalar Couplings Interpretation of Spectra: A Simple Example Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy: An Introduction PART ONE - Basics of Solution NMR BASICS OF 1D NMR SPECTROSCOPY The Principles of NMR Spectroscopy The Chemical Shift Scalar Couplings Relaxation and the Nuclear Overhauser Effect Practical Aspects Problems 1H NMR General Aspects Chemical Shifts Spin Systems, Symmetry, and Chemical or Magnetic Equivalence Scalar Coupling 1H-1H Coupling Constants Problems NMR OF 13C AND HETERONUCLEI Properties of Heteronuclei Indirect Detection of Spin-1/2 Nuclei 13C NMR Spectroscopy NMR of Other Main Group Elements NMR Experiments with Transition Metal Nuclei Problems PART TWO - Theory of NMR Spectroscopy NUCLEAR MAGNETISM - A MICROSCOPIC VIEW The Origin of Magnetism Spin - An Intrinsic Property of Many Particles Experimental Evidence for the Quantization of the Dipole Moment: The Stern-Gerlach Experiment The Nuclear Spin and Its Magnetic Dipole Moment Nuclear Dipole Moments in a Homogeneous Magnetic Field: The Zeeman Effect Problems MAGNETIZATION - A MACROSCOPIC VIEW The Macroscopic Magnetization Magnetization at Thermal Equilibrium Transverse Magnetization and Coherences Time Evolution of Magnetization The Rotating Frame of Reference RF Pulses Problems CHEMICAL SHIFT AND SCALAR AND DIPOLAR COUPLINGS Chemical Shielding The Spin-Spin Coupling Problems A FORMAL DESCRIPTION OF NMR EXPERIMENTS: THE PRODUCT OPERATOR FORMALISM Description of Events by Product Operators Classification of Spin Terms Used in the POF Coherence Transfer Steps An Example Calculation for a Simple 1D Experiment A BRIEF INTRODUCTION INTO THE QUANTUM-MECHANICAL CONCEPT OF NMR Wave Functions, Operators, and Probabilities Mathematical Tools in the Quantum Description of NMR The Spin Space of Single Noninteracting Spins Hamiltonian and Time Evolution Free Precession Representation of Spin Ensembles - The Density Matrix Formalism Spin Systems PART THREE - Technical Aspects of NMR THE COMPONENTS OF AN NMR SPECTROMETER The Magnet Shim Systems and Shimming The Electronics The Probehead The Lock System Problems ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING The Time Domain Signal Fourier Transform Technical Details of Data Acquisition Data Processing Problems EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES RF Pulses Pulsed Field Gradients Phase Cycling Decoupling Isotropic Mixing Solvent Suppression Basic 1D Experiments Measuring Relaxation Times The INEPT Experiment The DEPT Experiment Problems THE ART OF PULSE EXPERIMENTS Introduction Our Toolbox: Pulses, Delays, and Pulsed Field Gradients The Excitation Block The Mixing Period Simple Homonuclear 2D Sequences Heteronuclear 2D Correlation Experiments Experiments for Measuring Relaxation Times Triple-Resonance NMR Experiments Experimental Details Problems PART FOUR - Important Phenomena and Methods in Modern NMR RELAXATION Introduction Relaxation: The Macroscopic Picture The Microscopic Picture: Relaxation Mechanisms Relaxation and Motion Measuring 15N Relaxation to Determine Protein Dynamics Measurement of Relaxation Dispersion Problems THE NUCLEAR OVERHAUSER EFFECT Introduction The Formal Description of the NOE: The Solomon Equations Applications of the NOE in Stereochemical Analysis Practical Tips for Measuring NOEs Problems CHEMICAL AND CONFORMATIONAL EXCHANGE Two-Site Exchange Experimental Determination of the Rate Constants Determination of the Activation Energy by Variable-Temperature NMR Experiments Problems TWO-DIMENSIONAL NMR SPECTROSCOPY Introduction The Appearance of 2D Spectra Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy: How Does It Work? Types of 2D NMR Experiments Three-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy Practical Aspects of Measuring 2D Spectra Problems SOLID-STATE NMR EXPERIMENTS Introduction The Chemical Shift in the Solid State Dipolar Couplings in the Solid State Removing CSA and Dipolar Couplings: Magic-Angle Spinning Reintroducing Dipolar Couplings under MAS Conditions Polarization Transfer in the Solid State: Cross-Polarization Technical Aspects of Solid-State NMR Experiments Problems DETECTION OF INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS Introduction Chemical Shift Perturbation Methods Based on Changes in Transverse Relaxation (Ligand-Observe Methods) Methods Based on Changes in Cross-Relaxation (NOEs) (Ligand-Observe or Target-Observe Methods) Methods Based on Changes in Diffusion Rates (Ligand-Observe Methods) Comparison of Methods Problems PART FIVE - Structure Determination of Natural Products by NMR CARBOHYDRATES The Chemical Nature of Carbohydrates NMR Spectroscopy of Carbohydrates Quick Identification A Worked Example: Sucrose STEROIDS Introduction A Worked Example: Prednisone PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS Introduction The Structure of Peptides and Proteins NMR of Peptides and Proteins Assignment of Peptide and Protein Resonances A Worked Example: The Pentapeptide TP5 NUCLEIC ACIDS Introduction The Structure of DNA and RNA NMR of DNA and RNA Assignment of DNA and RNA Resonances APPENDIX The Magnetic H and B Fields Magnetic Dipole Moment and Magnetization Scalars, Vectors, and Tensors Properties of Matrices

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Book SynopsisThis book will be useful to solid-state scientists, device engineers, and students involved in semiconductor design and technology. It provides a lucid account of band structure, density of states, charge transport, energy transport, and optical processes, along with a detailed description of many devices. It includes sections on superlattices and quantum well structures, the effects of deep-level impurities on transport, and the quantum Hall effect. This 8th edition has been revised and updated, including several new sections.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the ninth edition: "This book of K. Seeger is one of the mostly used source book in the field of semiconductor physics. … it has become the reference book of many teachers, students and researchers, both in fundamental and applied solid state science. … Altogether … this book will undoubtedly continue to be very attractive as a reference book for teachers and researchers in the field of semiconductors." (Michel Wautelet, Physicalia Magazine, Vol. 28 (1), 2006)Table of Contents1. Elementary Properties of Semiconductors.- 2. Energy Band Structure.- 3. Semiconductor Statistics.- 4. Charge and Energy Transport in a Nondegenerate Electron Gas.- 5. Carrier Diffusion Processes.- 6. Scattering Processes in a Spherical One-Valley Model.- 7. Charge Transport and Scattering Processes in the Many-Valley Model.- 8. Carrier Transport in the Warped-Sphere Model.- 9. Quantum Effects in Transport Phenomena.- 10. Impact Ionization and Avalanche Breakdown.- 11. Optical Absorption and Reflection.- 12. Photoconductivity.- 13. Light Generation by Semiconductors.- 14. Surface and Interface Properties and the Quantum Hall Effect.- 15. Miscellaneous Semiconductors.- Appendices.- A. Table A: Physical Constants.- B. Envelope wave function for Quantum Wells.- C. Table C: Semiconductor and Semimetal Data.- References.- About the Author.

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Book SynopsisThis Data Handbook is a updated and largely extended new edition of the book "Semiconductors: Basic Data". The data of the former edition have been updated and a complete representation of all relevant basic data is now given for all known groups of semiconducting materials.Table of ContentsDetailed table of contents.- Tetrahedrally bonded elements and compounds.- 1 Elements of the IVth group and compounds.- 1.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 1.1 Diamond (C).- 1.2 Silicon (Si).- 1.3 Germanium (Ge).- 1.4 Grey tin (?-Sn).- 1.5 Silicon carbide (SiC).- 1.6 Silicon germanium mixed crystals (SixGe1-x.- 2 III-V compound.- 2.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 2.1 Boron nitride (BN).- 2.2 Boron phosphide (BP).- 2.3 Boron arsenide (BAs).- 2.4 Boron antimonide (BSb).- 2.5 Aluminum nitride (AlN).- 2.6 Aluminum phosphide (AlP).- 2.7 Aluminum arsenide (AlAs).- 2.8 Aluminum antimonide (AlSb).- 2.9 Gallium nitride (GaN).- 2.10 Gallium phosphide (GaP).- 2.11 Gallium arsenide (GaAs).- 2.12 Gallium antimonide (GaSb).- 2.13 Indium nitride (InN).- 2.14 Indium phosphide (InP).- 2.15 Indium arsenide (InAs).- 2.16 Indium antimonide (InSb).- 2.17 Ternary alloys lattice matched to binary III-V compounds.- 2.18 Quaternary alloys lattice matched to binary III-V compounds.- 3 II-VI compound.- 3.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 3.1 Beryllium oxide (BeO.- 3.2 Beryllium sulfide (BeS.- 3.3 Beryllium selenide (BeSe.- 3.4 Beryllium telluride (BeTe).- 3.5 Magnesium oxide (MgO).- 3.6 Magnesium sulfide (MgS).- 3.7 Magnesium selenide (MgSe).- 3.8 Magnesium telluride (MgTe).- 3.9 Calcium oxide (CaO).- 3.10 Strontium oxide (SrO).- 3.11 Barium oxide (BaO).- 3.12 Zinc oxide (ZnO).- 3.13 Zinc sulfide (ZnS).- 3.14 Zinc selenide (ZnSe).- 3.15 Zinc telluride (ZnTe).- 3.16 Cadmium oxide (CdO).- 3.17 Cadmium sulfide (CdS).- 3.18 Cadmium selenide (CdSe).- 3.19 Cadmium telluride (CdTe).- 3.20 Mercury oxide (HgO).- 3.21 Mercury sulfide (HgS).- 3.22 Mercury selenide (HgSe).- 3.23 Mercury telluride (HgTe).- 4 I-VII compound.- 4.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 4.1 Cuprous fluoride (CuF).- 4.2 Cuprous chloride (?-CuCl).- 4.3 Cuprous bromide (?-CuBr).- 4.4 Cuprous iodide (?-CuI).- 4.5 Silver fluoride (AgF).- 4.6 Silver chloride (AgCl).- 4.7 Silver bromide (AgBr).- 4.8 Silver iodide (AgI).- 5 III2-VI3 compound.- 5.0 Crystal structure of quasi-binary II2-VI3 compounds.- 5.1 Gallium sulfide (Ga2S3).- 5.2 Gallium selenide (Ga2Se3).- 5.3 Gallium telluride (Ga2Te3).- 5.4 Indium sulfide (In2S3).- 5.5 Indium selenide (In2Se3).- 5.6 Indium telluride (In2Te3).- 6 I-III-VI2 compound (included are I-Fe-VI2 compounds).- 6.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 6.1 Copper aluminum sulfide (CuAlS2).- 6.2 Copper aluminum selenide (CuAlSe2).- 6.3 Copper aluminum telluride (CuAlTe2).- 6.4 Copper gallium sulfide (CuGaS2).- 6.5 Copper gallium selenide (CuGaSe2).- 6.6 Copper gallium telluride (CuGaTe2).- 6.7 Copper indium sulfide (CuInS2).- 6.8 Copper indium selenide (CuInSe2).- 6.9 Copper indium telluride (CuInTe2).- 6.10 Silver gallium sulfide (AgGaS2).- 6.11 Silver gallium selenide (AgGaSe2).- 6.12 Silver gallium telluride (AgGaTe2).- 6.13 Silver indium sulfide (AgInS2).- 6.14 Silver indium selenide (AgInSe2).- 6.15 Silver indium telluride (AgInTe2).- 6.16 Copper thallium sulfide (CuTlS2).- 6.17 Copper thallium selenide (CuTlSe2).- 6.18 Copper thallium telluride (CuTlT2).- 6.19 Silver thallium selenide (AgTlSe2).- 6.20 Silver thallium telluride (AgTlTe2).- 6.21 Copper iron sulfide (CuFeS2).- 6.22 Copper iron selenide (CuFeSe2).- 6.23 Copper iron telluride (CuFeTe2).- 6.24 Silver iron selenide (AgFeSe2).- 6.25 Silver iron telluride (AgFeTe2).- 7 II-IV-V2 compound.- 7.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 7.1 Magnesium silicon phosphide (MgSiP2).- 7.2 Zinc silicon phosphide (ZnSiP2).- 7.3 Zinc silicon arsenide(ZnSiAs2).- 7.4 Zinc germanium nitride (ZnGeN2).- 7.5 Zinc germanium phosphide (ZnGeP2).- 7.6 Zinc germanium arsenide (ZnGeAs2).- 7.7 Zinc tin phosphide (ZnSnP2).- 7.8 Zinc tin arsenide (ZnSnAs2).- 7.9 Zinc tin antimonide (ZnSnSb2).- 7.10 Cadmium silicon phosphide (CdSiP2).- 7.11 Cadmium silicon arsenide (CdSiAs2).- 7.12 Cadmium germanium phosphide (CdGeP2).- 7.13 Cadmium germanium arsenide (CdGeAs2).- 7.14 Cadmium tin phosphide (CdSnP2).- 7.15 Cadmium tin arsenide (CdSnAs2).- 8 I2-IV-VI3 compound.- 8.1 Copper germanium sulfide (Cu2GeS3).- 8.2 Copper germanium selenide (Cu2GeSe3).- 8.3 Copper germanium tellurid (Cu2GeSe3).- 8.4 Copper tin sulfide (Cu2SnS3).- 8.5 Copper tin selenide (Cu2SnSe3).- 8.6 Copper tin telluride (Cu2SnTe3).- 8.7 Silver germanium selenide (Ag2GeSe3).- 8.8 Silver germanium telluride (Ag2GeTe3).- 8.9 Silver tin sulfide (Ag2SnS3).- 8.10 Silver tin selenide (Ag2SnSe3).- 8.11 Silver tin telluride (Ag2SnTe3).- 9 I3-V-VI4 compound.- 9.0 Crystal structure.- 9.1 Copper thiophosphate (Cu3PS4).- 9.2 Copper thioarsenide, enargite, luzonite (Cu3AsS4).- 9.3 Copper arsenic selenide (Cu3AsSe4).- 9.4 Copper antimony sulfide, famatinite (Cu3SbS4).- 9.5 Copper antimony selenide (Cu3SbSe4).- 9.6 Copper arsenic telluride (Cu3AsTe.- 9.7 Copper antimony telluride (Cu3SbTe.- 10 II-III2-VI4 compound.- 10.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 10.1 Zinc aluminum sulfide (ZnAl2S4).- 10.2 Zinc gallium sulfide (ZnGa2S4).- 10.3 Zinc gallium selenide (ZnGa2Se4).- 10.4 Zinc thioindate (ZnIn2S4).- 10.5 Zinc indium selenide (ZnIn2Se4).- 10.6 Zinc indium telluride (?n?n2?e4).- 10.7 Cadmium thioaluminate (CdAl2S4).- 10.8 Cadmium thiogallate (CdGa2S4).- 10.9 Cadmium gallium selenide (CdGa2Se4).- 10.10 Cadmium gallium telluride (CdGa2Te4).- 10.11 Cadmium thioindate (CdIn2S4).- 10.12 Cadmium indium selenide (CdIn2Se4).- 10.13 Cadmium indium telluride (CdIn2Te4).- 10.14 Cadmium thallium selenide (CdTl2Se4).- 10.15 Mercury thiogallate (HgGa2S4).- 10.16 Mercury gallium selenide (HgGa2Se4).- 10.17 Mercury indium telluride (HgIn2Te4).- 10.18 HgIn2Se4,Hg3In2Te6,Hg5In2Te.- 10.19 Further II-III2-VI4 compounds with II = Mg, Ca.- Further elements.- 11 Group III element.- 11.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure of boron.- 11.1 Physical properties of boron.- 12 Group V element.- 12.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 12.1 Phosphorus (P).- 12.2 Arsenic (As).- 12.3 Antimony (Sb).- 12.4 Bismuth (Bi).- 13 Group VI element.- 13.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 13.1 Sulfur (S).- 13.2 Selenium (Se).- 13.3 Tellurium (Te).- Further binary compounds.- 14 IAx-IBy compound.- 14.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 14.1 CsAu.- 14.2 RbAu.- 15 Ix-Vy compound.- 15.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 15.1 I-V compounds (NaSb, KSb, RbSb, CsSb).- 15.2 I3-V compounds.- 15.2.1 Lattice parameters and meltin temperatures.- 15.2.2 Li3Sb, Li3Bi.- 15.2.3 Na3Sb.- 15.2.4 K3Sb.- 15.2.5 Rb3Sb.- 15.2.6 Cs3Sb.- 15.2.7 Rb3Bi, Cs3Bi.- 15.3.- 15.3.1 Na2KSb.- 15.3.2 K2CsSb.- 15.3.3 Na2RbSb, Na2CsSb, K2RbSb, Rb2CsSb.- 16 Ix-VIy compound.- 16.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 16.1 Cupric oxide (CuO).- 16.2 Cuprous oxide (Cu20).- 16.3 Copper sulfides (Cu2S, Cu2-xS).- 16.4 Copper selenides (Cu2Se, Cu2-xSe).- 16.5 Copper tellurides (Cu2Te, Cu2-xTe).- 16.6 Silver oxides (AgxOy).- 16.7 Silver sulfide (Ag2S).- 16.8 Silver selenide (Ag2Se).- 16.9 Silver telluride (Ag2Te).- 17 IIx-IVy compound.- 17.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 17.1 Magnesium suicide (Mg2Si).- 17.2 Magnesium germanide (Mg2Ge).- 17.3 Magnesium stannide (Mg2Sn).- 17.4 Magnesium plumbide (Mg2Pb).- 17.5 Ca2Si, Ca2Sn, Ca2Pb.- 17.6 BaSi2, BaGe2, SrGe.- 18 Hx-Vy compound.- 18.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 18.1 Magnesium arsenide (Mg3As2).- 18.2 Zinc phosphide (Zn3P2).- 18.3 Zinc arsenide (Zn3As2).- 18.4 Cadmium phosphide (Cd3P2).- 18.5 Cadmium arsenide (Cd3As2).- 18.6 Zinc phosphide (ZnP2).- 18.7 Zinc arsenide (ZnAs2).- 18.8 Cadmium phosphide (CdP2).- 18.9 Cadmium arsenide (CdAs2).- 18.10 Cadmium tetraphosphide (CdP4).- 18.11 Zinc antimonide (ZnSb).- 18.12 Cadmium antimonide (CdSb).- 18.13 Zinc antimonide (Zn4Sb3).- 18.14 Cadmium antimonide (Cd4Sb3).- 18.15 Cd.- 18.16 Cd.- 19 II-VII2 compound.- 19.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 19.1 Cadmium dichloride (CdCl2).- 19.2 Cadmium dibromide (CdBr2).- 19.3 Cadmium diiodide (CdI2).- 19.4 Mercury diiodide (HgI2).- 20 IIIx-VIy compound.- 20.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 20.1 Gallium sulfide (GaS).- 20.2 Gallium selenide (GaSe).- 20.3 Gallium telluride (GaTe).- 20.4 Indium sulfide (InS).- 20.5 Indium selenide (InSe).- 20.6 Indium telluride (InTe).- 20.7 Thallium sulfide (TlS).- 20.8 Thallium selenide (TlSe).- 20.9 Thallium telluride (TlTe).- 20.10 In6S7.- 20.11 In4Se3.- 20.12 In6Se7.- 20.13 In60Se40.- 20.14 In50Se50.- 20.15 In40Se60.- 20.16 In5Se6.- 20.17 In4Te3.- 20.18 Tl5Te3.- 20.19 TlGa2.- 20.20 TlGaSe2.- 20.21 TlGaTe2.- 20.22 TlIn2.- 20.23 TlInSe2.- 20.24 TlInTe2.- 21 III-VII compound.- 21.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 21.1 Thallium fluoride (TlF).- 21.2 Thallium chloride (T1C1).- 21.3 Thallium bromide (TlBr).- 21.4 Thallium iodide (TlI).- 22 IV-V compound.- 22.0 Crystal structure and lattice parameters.- 22.1 SiP, Ge.- 22.2 SiAs.- 22.3 GeAs.- 22.4 SiP2, SiAs2.- 22.5 GeAs2.- 23 IVx-VIy compound.- 23.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 23.1 Germanium sulfide (GeS).- 23.2 Germanium selenide (GeSe).- 23.3 Germanium telluride (GeTe).- 23.4 Tin sulfide (SnS).- 23.5 Tin selenide (SnSe).- 23.6 Tin telluride (SnTe).- 23.7 Lead monoxide (PbO).- 23.8 Lead sulfide (PbS).- 23.9 Lead selenide (PbSe).- 23.10 Lead telluride (PbTe).- 23.11 Germanium dioxide (GeO2).- 23.12 Germanium disulfide (GeS2).- 23.13 Germanium diselenide (GeSe2).- 23.14 Tin dioxide (SnO2).- 23.15 Tin disulfide (SnS2).- 23.16 Tin diselenide (SnSe2).- 23.17 Si2Te3.- 23.18 Sn2S3, PbSnS3, SnGeS3, PbGe3.- 24 IV-VII2 Compound.- 24.0 Crystal structure.- 24.1 Lead difluoride (PbF2).- 24.2 Lead dichloride (PbCl2).- 24.3 Lead dibromide (PbBr2).- 24.4 Lead diiodide (Pbl2).- 25 Vx-VIy Compound.- 25.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 25.1 Arsenic oxide (As2O3).- 25.2 Arsenic sulfide (As2S3).- 25.3 Arsenic selenide (As2Se3).- 25.4 Arsenic telluride (As2Te3).- 25.5 Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3).- 25.6 Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3).- 25.7 Antimony telluride (Sb2Te3).- 25.8 Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3).- 25.9 Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3).- 25.10 Bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3).- 25.11 Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3).- 25.12 Realgar (As4S4).- 26 V-VII3 compound.- 26.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 26.1 Arsenic triiodide (AsI3).- 26.2 Antimony triiodide (SbI3).- 26.3 Bismuth triiodide (BiI3).- Further ternary compounds.- 27 Ix-IVy-VIz compound.- 27.0 Crystal structure.- 27.1 Ag8GeS6 (argyrodite).- 27.2 Ag8SnS6 (canfieldite).- 27.3 Ag8SiSe6.- 27.4 Ag8GeSe6.- 27.5 Ag8SnSe6.- 27.6 Ag8GeTe6.- 27.7 Cu8Ge6.- 27.8 Cu8GeSe6.- 27.9 Cu4Ge3S5, Cu4Ge3Se5 and Cu4Sn3Se6.- 27.10 Cu4Sn4.- 28 Ix-Vy-VIz compound.- 28.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 28.1 AgAs2.- 28.2 AgAsSe2.- 28.3 AgAsTe2.- 28.4 AgSb2.- 28.5 AgSbSe2.- 28.6 AgSbTe2.- 28.7 AgBi2.- 28.8 AgBiSe2.- 28.9 AgBiTe2.- 28.10 CuSbSe2.- 28.11 CuSbTe2.- 28.12 CuBiSe2.- 28.13 CuBiTe2.- 28.14 Ag3As3.- 28.15 Ag3Sb3.- 29 IIx-IIIy-VIz compound.- 29.0 Crystal structure of II-III-VI2 compounds.- 29.1 CdIn2.- 29.2 CdInSe2.- 29.3 CdInTe2.- 29.4 CdTl2.- 29.5 CdTlSe2.- 29.6 CdTlTe2.- 29.7 HgTl2.- 30 IIIx-Vy-VIz compound.- 30.0 Crystal structure of III-V-VI2 compounds.- 30.1 TlAs2.- 30.2 TlSb2.- 30.3 TlBi2.- 30.4 TlBiSe2.- 30.5 TlBiTe2.- 30.6 Ga6Sb5Te2.- 30.7 In6Sb5Te2.- 30.8 In7SbTe2.- 31 IVx-Vy-VIz compound.- 31.0 Crystal structure.- 31.1 Bi12Si20.- 31.2 Bi12Ge20.- 31.3 PbSb2S4, GeSb2Te4, GeBi2Te4,SnBi2Te4.- 31.4 GeBi4Te7, GeSb4Te7, PbBi4Te7.- 32 V-VI-VII compound.- 32.0 Crystal structure and electronic structure.- 32.1 AsSBr.- 32.2 Sb.- 32.3 SbSBr.- 32.4 SbSeBr.- 32.5 SbSe.- 32.6 SbTe.- 32.7 Bi.- 32.8 BiOBr.- 32.9 Bi.- 32.10 BiSCl.- 32.11 BiSBr.- 32.12 Bi.- 32.13 BiSeBr.- 32.14 BiSe.- 32.15 BiTeBr.- 32.16 BiTel.- 33 Further ternary compound.- 33.1 Cu3In5Se9.- 33.2 Cu3Ga5Se9.- 33.3 Ag3In5Se9.- 33.4 Ag3Ga5Se9.- 33.5 Cu2Ga4Te7.- 33.6 Cu2In4Te7.- 33.7 CuIn3Te5.- 33.8 AgIn3Te5.- 33.9 AgIn5S8.- 33.10 AgIn9Te14.- 33.11 Cd2Sn4.- 33.12 CdSn3.- 33.13 Li3Cu3.- 33.14 Hg3PS3, Hg3Ps4.- 33.15 Cd4(PAs)2(Cl,Br,I).- 34 Boron compound.- 34.1 Boron-hydrogen alloys.- 34.2 Binary boron-lithium compounds.- 34.3 Ternary boron-lithium compounds.- 34.4 Boron-sodium compounds.- 34.5 Boron-potassium compounds.- 34.6 Beryllium-aluminum-boron compounds.- 34.7 Boron-aluminum-magnesium compounds.- 34.8 Boron-alkaline earth compound.- 34.9 Aluminum-boron compounds.- 34.10 Boron-yttrium compounds.- 34.11 Lanthanide hexaborides.- 34.14 Boron compounds with group IV elements: boron carbide.- 34.15 Boron-silicon compounds.- 34.16 Boron-zirconium compounds.- 34.17 Boron-nitrogen compounds.- 34.18 Boron-phosphorus compounds.- 34.19 Boron-arsenic compounds.- 35 Binary transition metal compound.- 35.1.- 35.2.- 35.3.- 36 Binary rare earth compound.- 37 Ternary transition metal compound.- 37.1.- 37.2.- 37.3.- 38 Ternary rare earth compound.

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Book SynopsisThis volume is intended as a systematic introduction to gauge field theory for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in high energy physics. The discussion is restricted to the classical (non-quantum) theory in Minkowski spacetime. Particular attention has been given to conceptual aspects of field theory, accurate definitions of basic physical notions, and thorough analysis of exact solutions to the equations of motion for interacting systems.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "Russian physicist Kosyakov has written an introduction to classical gauge theory for students of high energy or particle physics. … Extensive reference list. A valuable addition to a university library supporting a program in high energy theory; highly mathematical, so most useful as a resource for undergraduate programs. Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students; professionals." (R. L. Stearns, CHOICE, Vol. 44 (10), June, 2007) "The classical theory of gauge fields is an important subject that has numerous applications in modern physics. … A nice feature of this book is that this is self contained. All the necessary definitions as well as the technical tools are provided by the author in the main body of the book. … I enjoyed reading the book. … Overall the monograph … can be warmly recommended to any serious student of electrodynamics and gauge theory and to their instructors alike." (Yuri N. Obukhov, Annalen der Physik, Vol. 16 (12), 2007) "Each chapter contains problems and final notes, a useful guide to the history of the subject. … The volume is intended to be an introduction for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in high energy physics. … We mention that it is timely elaborate a unified view of the classical self-interaction problems in classical gauge theories with particular reference to the electrodynamics of point electrons and Yang-Mills interaction of point quarks. The present work is a valuable contribution to this task." (Petre P. Teodorescu, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1114 (16), 2007) "This book is an introduction to classical field theory. Although it was designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, researchers could also benefit from this book. It is intended for mathematical physicists and theoretical physicists. Classical gauge theories are discussed in detail, with great emphasis on self-interactions. … In summary, this is a useful introduction to classical gauge theories that can be recommended both to students (theoretical or mathematical physics), and to specialists and researchers, as a reference book." (Giuseppe Nardelli, Mathematical Reviews, Issue 2008 c)Table of ContentsGeometry of Minkowski Space.- Relativistic Mechanics.- Electromagnetic Field.- Solutions to Maxwell's Equations.- Lagrangian Formalism in Electrodynamics.- Self-Interaction in Electrodynamics.- Lagrangian Formalism for Gauge Theories.- Solutions to the Yang?Mills Equations.- Self-Interaction in Gauge Theories.- Generalizations.- Mathematical Appendices.

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Book SynopsisThis first book on pulsed magnet design deals with the design of pulsed, non-destructive coils for the generation of high magnetic fields. It provides readers with a concise and comprehensive text describing every aspect of coil construction. Table of Contents1. Basics.- 2. Analytical Calculations.- 3. Numerical Simulations.- 4. Pulsed Field Facilities.- References.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first of a two-volume presentation on current research problems in quantum optics, and will serve as a standard reference in the field for many years to come. The book provides an introduction to the methods of quantum statistical mechanics used in quantum optics and their application to the quantum theories of the single-mode laser and optical bistability. The generalized representations of Drummond and Gardiner are discussed together with the more standard methods for deriving Fokker-Planck equations.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews"To sum up: Statistical Methods in Quantum Optics 1 is an excellent book. Try it, you'll like it!" (M.O. Scully, Physics Today, 2000)"The book is carefully written, in considerable detail, paying attention to both foundations and applications. It contains exercices completing or generalizing the material presented, and ample references to the literature. It is, therefore, very useful as the basis for a course." (V.R. Vieira, Mathematical Reviews, 2000f) PHYSICS TODAY"…a valuable addition to the literature…an excellent book. Try it, you’ll like it!” "It is a pleasure to recommend this title thoroughly for both individual and institutional purchase." (D. L. Andrews (University of Anglia), Contemporary Physics 2002, vol. 43, page 232-233)Table of Contents1. Dissipation in Quantum Mechanics: The Master Equation Approach.- 2. Two-Level Atoms and Spontaneous Emission.- 3. Quantum—Classical Correspondence for the Electromagnetic Field I: The Glauber—Sudarshan P Representation.- 4. Quantum—Classical Correspondence for the Electromagnetic Field II: P, Q, and Wigner Representations.- 5. Fokker—Planck Equations and Stochastic Differential Equations.- 6. Quantum—Classical Correspondence for Two-Level Atoms.- 7. The Single-Mode Homogeneously Broadened Laser I: Preliminaries.- 8. The Single-Mode Homogeneously Broadened Laser II: Phase-Space Analysis.- References.

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Book SynopsisMagnetism is one of the oldest and most fundamental problems of Solid State Physics although not being fully understood up to now. On the other hand it is one of the hottest topics of current research. Practically all branches of modern technological developments are based on ferromagnetism, especially what concerns information technology. The book, written in a tutorial style, starts from the fundamental features of atomic magnetism, discusses the essentially single-particle problems of dia- and paramagnetism, in order to provide the basis for the exclusively interesting collective magnetism (ferro, ferri, antiferro). Several types of exchange interactions, which take care under certain preconditions for a collective ordering of localized or itinerant permanent magnetic moments, are worked out. Under which conditions these exchange interactions are able to provoke a collective moment ordering for finite temperatures is investigated within a series of theoretical models, each of them considered for a very special class of magnetic materials. The book is written in a tutorial style appropriate for those who want to learn magnetism and eventually to do research work in this field. Numerous exercises with full solutions for testing own attempts will help to a deep understanding of the main aspects of collective ferromagnetism.Table of ContentsBasic Facts.- Atomic Magnetism.- Diamagnetism.- Paramagnetism.- Exchange Interaction.- Ising Model.- Heisenberg Model.- Hubbard Model.

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Book Synopsis"Quantum Theory of Magnetism" is the only book that deals with the phenomenon of magnetism from the point of view of "linear response". That is, how does a magnetic material respond when excited by a magnetic field? That field may be uniform, or spatially varying, static or time dependent. Previous editions have dealt primarily with the magnetic response. This edition incorporates the resistive response of magnetic materials as well. It also includes problems to test the reader's (or student's) comprehension. The rationale for a book on magnetism is as valid today as it was when the first two editions of Quantum Theory of Magnetism were published. Magnetic phenomena continue to be discovered with deep scientific implications and novel applications. Since the Second Edition, for example, Giant Magneto Resistance (GMR) was discovered and the new field of "spintronics" is currently expanding. Not only do these phenomena rely on the concepts presented in this book, but magnetic properties are often an important clue to our understanding of new materials (e.g., high-temperature superconductors). Their magnetic properties, studied by susceptibility measurements, nuclear magnetic resonance, neutron scattering, etc. have provided insight to the superconductivity state.This updated edition offers revised emphasis on some material as a result of recent developments and includes new material, such as an entire chapter on thin film magnetic multilayers. Researchers and students once again have access to an up-to-date classic reference on magnetism, the key characteristic of many modern materials.Table of ContentsThe Magnetic Susceptibility.- The Magnetic Hamiltonian.- The Static Susceptibility of Noninteracting Systems.- The Static Susceptibility of Interacting Systems: Local Moments.- The Static Susceptibility of Interacting Systems: Metals.- The Dynamic Susceptibility of Weakly Interacting Systems: Local Moments.- The Dynamic Susceptibility of Weakly Interacting Systems: Metals.- The Dynamic Susceptibility of Strongly Interacting Systems.- Thin Film Systems.- Neutron Scattering.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, a modern unified theory of dispersion forces on atoms and bodies is presented which covers a broad range of different aspects and scenarios. Macroscopic quantum electrodynamics is applied within the context of dispersion forces. In contrast to the normal-mode quantum electrodynamics traditionally used to study dispersion forces, the new approach allows to consider realistic material properties including absorption and is flexible enough to be applied to a broad range of geometries. Thus general properties of dispersion forces like their non-additivity and the relation between microscopic and macroscopic dispersion forces are discussed. It is demonstrated how the general results can be used to obtain dispersion forces on atoms in the presence of bodies of various shapes and materials. In particular, nontrivial magnetic properties of the bodies, bodies of irregular shapes, the role of material absorption, and dynamical forces for excited atoms are discussed. This volume 2 deals especially with quantum electrodynamics, dispersion forces, Casimir forces, asymptotic power laws, quantum friction and universal scaling laws. The book gives both the specialist and those new to the field a thorough overview over recent results in the context of dispersion forces. It provides a toolbox for studying dispersion forces in various contexts.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Approximating Casimir–Polder potentials.- Common properties of dispersion forces.- Casimir–Polder forces on excited atoms: static theory.- Casimir–Polder forces on excited atoms: dynamical approach.- Casimir–Polder forces in cavity quantum electrodynamics.- Thermal Casimir–Polder forces.- Casimir–Polder forces on moving atoms.

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Book SynopsisKeeping abreast of the latest techniques and applications, this new edition of the standard reference and graduate text on laser spectroscopy has been completely revised and expanded. While the general concept is unchanged, the new edition features a broad array of new material, e.g., ultrafast lasers (atto- and femtosecond lasers) and parametric oscillators, coherent matter waves, Doppler-free Fourier spectroscopy with optical frequency combs, interference spectroscopy, quantum optics, the interferometric detection of gravitational waves and still more applications in chemical analysis, medical diagnostics, and engineering.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Absorption and Emission of Light.- Widths and Profiles of Spectral Lines.- Spectroscopic Instrumentation.- Lasers as Spectroscopic Sources.- Solutions.

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Book SynopsisIm Buch werden Begriffe der Elektrotechnik unter konsequenter Einbeziehung der speziellen Relativitätstheorie eingeführt. Es kann ein invariantes elektromagnetisches Gesamtfeld aus der Kraft einer bewegten Ladung auf eine bewegte Probeladung definiert werden. So folgt eine plausible Vorstellung, bei der alle elektromagnetischen Vorgänge von einer Ladung ausgehen und sich als Nahwirkung in den Raum ausbreiten. Neben einem elektrischen Potential folgt daraus auch das Vektorpotential. Das Gesetz für die „Ruheinduktion“ kann unmittelbar aus der Vorstellung einer Ausbreitung von Stromänderungen entlang eines Leiters aus dieser Kraft abgeleitet werden. Es ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, für das Magnetfeld weitere Modelle zu erstellen. Die Darstellung ist bis zum vierdimensionalen Raum mit dem Tensorkalkül konsistent.Table of ContentsGrößen des elektrischen Feldes.- Wirkungen bewegter Ladungen mit Hilfe der speziellen Relativitätstheorie.- Potential und Vektorpotential.- Ruheinduktion aus der Kraftwirkung auf eine Probeladung.- Modelle für Magnetfelder.- Vergleich der Vor- und Nachteil.- einige Resultate der Quantenphysik.- Schlussfolgerungen.- Rechenbeispiele.

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Book SynopsisThis introduction to Atomic and Molecular Physics explains how our present model of atoms and molecules has been developed over the last two centuries both by many experimental discoveries and, from the theoretical side, by the introduction of quantum physics to the adequate description of micro-particles. It illustrates the wave model of particles by many examples and shows the limits of classical description. The interaction of electromagnetic radiation with atoms and molecules and its potential for spectroscopy is outlined in more detail and in particular lasers as modern spectroscopic tools are discussed more thoroughly. Many examples and problems with solutions are offered to encourage readers to actively engage in applying and adapting the fundamental physics presented in this textbook to specific situations.Completely revised third edition with new sections covering all actual developments, like photonics, ultrashort lasers, ultraprecise frequency combs, free electron lasers, cooling and trapping of atoms, quantum optics and quantum information.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- The Concept of the Atom.- Development of Quantum Physics.- Basic Concepts of Quantum Mechanics.- The Hydrogen Atom.- Atoms with More Than One Electron.- Emission and Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation by Atoms.- Lasers.- Diatomic Molecules.- Polyatomic Molecules.- Experimental Techniques in Atomic and Molecular Physics.- Modern Developments in Atomic and Molecular Physics.- Chronological Table for the Development of Atomic and Molecular Physics.- Solutions to the Exercises.

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Book SynopsisWie entsteht die Lorentz-Kraft? Was haben Felder mit Teilchen zu tun? Wieso ist Eichinvarianz anders? Leonard Susskind und Art Friedman erklären nicht alles, was es über Spezielle Relativitätstheorie und Elektrodynamik zu wissen gibt – sondern alles Wichtige.Mit diesem Buch bekommen begeisterte Physik-Amateure die notwendige Mathematik und Formeln an die Hand, die sie für ein wirkliches Verständnis benötigen. Die Autoren erklären mit witzigen und hilfreichen Dialogen, grundlegenden Übungen und glasklaren Erläuterungen die Spezielle Relativitätstheorie und Elektrodynamik so einfach wie möglich, aber nicht einfacher.Table of ContentsEinführung.- 1 Die Lorentz-Transformation.- 2 Geschwindigkeiten und Vierervektoren.- 3 Relativistische Bewegungsgesetze.- 4 Klassische Feldtheorie.- 5 Teilchen und Felder.- I Verrückte Einheiten.- 6 Das Lorentzkraft-Gesetz.- 7 Fundamentale Prinzipien und Eichinvarianz.- 8 Die Maxwell-Gleichungen.- 9 Physikalische Konsequenzen der Maxwell-Gleichungen.- 10 Maxwell aus Lagrange.- 11 Felder und klassische Mechanik.- A Magnetische Monopole.- B Dreidimensionale Differentialoperatoren.- Index.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook offers you a profound understanding of the core concepts in electrostatics and magnetostatics. It covers basic equations of electrostatics and solution of the Poisson equation as well as Magnetostatics.

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Book SynopsisLorentz Force and Maxwell’s Equations.-  Stationary Electric Charges and the Distribution of Electricity on Conductors.- Boundary Value problems in Electrostatics.- Magnetostatics in Vacuum.- Electromagnetic Processes in Matter.- Electrostatics in Matter.- Magnetostatics in Matter.- Fields of Moving Charges.- Quasi-Stationary Currents.- Electromagnetic Waves.- X-Ray Scattering.- Special Theory of Relativity.- Covariant Electrodynamics.- Relativistic Mechanics.- Vectors, Vector Analysis and Integral Theorems.- Mathematical Tools.- Systems of Units in Electrodynamics.- Compilation of Formulas for Electrodynamics.

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Book SynopsisAfter his revolutionary discovery of electromagnetism in 1820 H.C. Oersted quickly published his findings in a small treatise in Latin for the scholars of Europe. Soon after the treatise was translated into French, Italian, German, English and Danish, and reprinted in a number of scientific journals. This new publication contains photographic reproductions of all these texts. Søren Absalon Larsen, professor at the College of Advanced Technology founded by Oersted in 1829, currently DTU (Technical University of Denmark) published the texts in facsimile in 1920, the hundred-year anniversary for Oersteds discovery. It is this 1920 edition which is now reprinted, supplemented by a new postscript by Carl Henrik Koch.

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Book SynopsisThe aim of this work is to bridge the gap between the well-known Newtonian mechanics and the studies on chaos, ordinarily reserved to experts. Several topics are treated: Lagrangian, Hamiltonian and Jacobi formalisms, studies of integrable and quasi-integrable systems. The chapter devoted to chaos also enables a simple presentation of the KAM theorem. All the important notions are recalled in summaries of the lectures. They are illustrated by many original problems, stemming from real-life situations, the solutions of which are worked out in great detail for the benefit of the reader. This book will be of interest to undergraduate students as well as others whose work involves mechanics, physics and engineering in general.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“The present book fills an important gap in the scientific literature since most books on analytical mechanics concentrate on the theoretical aspects. A great number of exercises and problems are divided into eight chapters … . In conclusion, this is an excellent source of concrete examples for students and mathematicians from several fields.” (Mircea Crâşmăreanu, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1172, 2009)Table of ContentsForeword Synoptic Tables. Chapter 1 : The Lagrangian formulation (1 1 problems) Chapter 2 : Lagrangian systems (14 problems) Chapter 3 : The Hamilton's principle (15 problems) Chapter 4 : The Hamiltonian formalism (17 problems) Chapter 5 : The Hamilton-Jacobi formalism (1 1 problems) Chapter 6 : Integrable systems (18 problems) Chapter 7 : Quasi-integrable systems (9 problems) Chapter 8 : From order to chaos (12 problems). Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisThe first GaN and Related Materials covered topics such as a historical survey of past research, optical electrical and microstructural characterization, theory of defects, bulk crystal growth, and performance of electronic and photonic devices. This new volume updates old research where warranted and explores new areas such as UV detectors, microwave electronics, and Er-doping. This unique follow-up features contributions from leading experts that cover the full spectrum of growth.Table of Contents1, Laser Diodes 2. GaN and AlGaN Devices: Field Effect Transistors and Photodetectors 3. Growth and Doping of and Defects in III-Nitrides 4. Structural and Electronic Properties of AlGaN 5. Theory of Laser Gain in Group III-Nitride Quantum Wells 6. Electronic and Optical Properties of Bulk and QW Structure 7. Materials Theory Based Modelling of GaN Devices 8. Erbium Doping of III-V Nitrides 9. Thermodynamic and Electronic Properties of GaN and Related Alloys 10. GaN Device Processing 11. Contacts to GaN 12. Ion Implantation Advances in Group III-Nitride Semiconductors 13. Inductively Coupled Plasma Etching of III-V Nitrides 14. Low Energy Electron Enhanced Etching (LE4) of III-N Materials

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Book SynopsisThe aim of this work is to bridge the gap between the well-known Newtonian mechanics and the studies on chaos, ordinarily reserved to experts. Several topics are treated: Lagrangian, Hamiltonian and Jacobi formalisms, studies of integrable and quasi-integrable systems. The chapter devoted to chaos also enables a simple presentation of the KAM theorem. All the important notions are recalled in summaries of the lectures. They are illustrated by many original problems, stemming from real-life situations, the solutions of which are worked out in great detail for the benefit of the reader. This book will be of interest to undergraduate students as well as others whose work involves mechanics, physics and engineering in general.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“The present book fills an important gap in the scientific literature since most books on analytical mechanics concentrate on the theoretical aspects. A great number of exercises and problems are divided into eight chapters … . In conclusion, this is an excellent source of concrete examples for students and mathematicians from several fields.” (Mircea Crâşmăreanu, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1172, 2009)Table of ContentsForeword Synoptic Tables. Chapter 1 : The Lagrangian formulation (1 1 problems) Chapter 2 : Lagrangian systems (14 problems) Chapter 3 : The Hamilton's principle (15 problems) Chapter 4 : The Hamiltonian formalism (17 problems) Chapter 5 : The Hamilton-Jacobi formalism (1 1 problems) Chapter 6 : Integrable systems (18 problems) Chapter 7 : Quasi-integrable systems (9 problems) Chapter 8 : From order to chaos (12 problems). Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on light-emitting diode (LED) lighting, mainly for the commercial production of horticultural crops in plant factories and greenhouses with controlled environments, giving special attention to: 1) plant growth and development as affected by the light environment; and 2) business and technological opportunities and challenges with regard to LEDs. The book contains more than 30 chapters grouped into seven parts: 1) overview of controlled-environment agriculture and its significance; 2) the effects of ambient light on plant growth and development; 3) optical and physiological characteristics of plant leaves and canopies; 4) greenhouse crop production with supplemental LED lighting; 5) effects of light quality on plant physiology and morphology; 6) current status of commercial plant factories under LED lighting; and 7) basics of LEDs and LED lighting for plant cultivation. LED lighting for urban agriculture in the forthcoming decades will not be just an advanced form of current urban agriculture. It will be largely based on two fields: One is a new paradigm and rapidly advancing concepts, global technologies for LEDs, information and communication technology, renewable energy, and related expertise and their methodologies; the other is basic science and technology that should not change for the next several decades. Consideration should be given now to future urban agriculture based on those two fields. The tremendous potentials of LED lighting for urban agriculture are stimulating many people in various fields including researchers, businesspeople, policy makers, educators, students, community developers, architects, designers, and entrepreneurs. Readers of this book will understand the principle, concept, design, operation, social roles, pros and cons, costs and benefits of LED lighting for urban agriculture, and its possibilities and challenges for solving local as well as global agricultural, environmental, and social issues.Table of ContentsPart 1 Perspective and significance of LED lighting for urban agriculture.- 1. Why LED lighting for Urban Agriculture? (T. Kozai).- 2. Integrated Urban Controlled Environment Agricultural Systems （IUCEAS） (KC Ting, T. Ling and Paul C. Davidson, University of Illinois).- 3. Open-Source Agriculture Initiative - Food for the future? – (Caleb Harper, MIT).-Part 2 Plant growth and development as affected by light.- 4. Some aspects of the light environment (T. Kozai and G. Zhang).- 5. Light acts as a signal for regulation of growth and development (Y. Higuchi and T. Hisamatsu).- 6. Factors affecting flowering seasonality (Y. Higuchi and T. Hisamatsu).- 7. Light environment in plant factory with LED lighting (T. Akiyama and T. Kozai).- Part 3 Optical and physiological characteristics of a plant leaf and a canopy (Editor: K. Fujiwara).- 8. Optical and physiological properties of a leaf (K. Murakami and R. Matsuda).- 9. Optical and physiological properties of a plant canopy (Y. Ibaraki).- 10. Evaluation of spatial light environment and plant canopy structure (Y. Ibaraki).- 11. Lighting efficiency in plant production under artificial lighting and plant growth modeling for evaluating the lighting efficiency (Y. Ibaraki).- 12. Effects of physical environment on photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration (R. Matsuda).- 13. Air current around single leaves and plant canopies and its effect on transpiration, photosynthesis, and plant organ temperatures (Y. Kitaya).- Appendix: Equations used in Part 3.- Part 4 Greenhouse crop production with supplemental LED lighting (Editor: E. Runkle).- 14. Control of Flowering Using Night-interruption and Day-extension LED Lighting (Q. Meng and E. Runkle.- 15. Control of morphology, quality and economic value by manipulating light quality (blue, red, and far-red light) and daily light integral (DLI) using LEDs (R. Lopez and J. Craver)).- 16. Supplemental intra-canopy lighting with LEDs for fruit vegetables (N. Lu, C. Mitchell, E.Heuvelink, and T. Dueck).- Part 5 Light quality effects on plant physiology and morphology (Editor: T. Kozai).- 17. Effect of Light Quality on Secondary Metabolite Production in Leafy Greens and Seedlings (H. Shimizu).- 18. Induction of plant disease resistance and other physiological responses by green light illumination (R. Kudou and K.Yamamoto).- 19. Light quality effects on intumescence (oedema) on leaves (K. Williams, C.T. Miller and J.K. Craver).- Part 6 Current status of commercial plant factories with LED lighting (T. Kozai).- 20.Business models for plant factories using artificial light (PFALs) in Taiwan (Wei Fang, National Taiwan University).- 21. Current status in Asia, Europe and other regions (E. Hayashi).- 22. Current status in Americas, (C Higgins).- 23.　Economic analysis and market creation for PFALs (E.Hayashi).- 24. Consumer perception and understanding of vegetables produced at plant factories with artificial lighting (Y. Yano, T. Nakamura and A. Maruyama).- Part 7 Basics of LEDs and LED lighting systems for plant cultivation (Editor: K.Fujiwara).- 25. Radiometric, photometric, and photometric quantities and their units (K. Fujiwara).-26. Basics of LEDs for plant cultivation (K. Fujiwara).- 27. Measurement of photometric and radiometric characteristics of LEDs for plant cultivation (E. Goto)).- 28. Configuration, function and operation of LED lighting systems (A. Yano).- 29. Energy balance and energy conversion process of LEDs and LED lighting systems (A. Yano).- 30. Health effects of occupational exposure to LED light: A special reference to plant cultivation works in plant factories (M. Takao).- 31. Moving toward Self-Learning Closed Plant Production Systems (T. Kozai, and K. Fujiwara).

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Book SynopsisWaves are essential phenomena in most scientific and engineering disciplines, such as electromagnetism and optics, and different mechanics including fluid, solid, structural, quantum, etc. They appear in linear and nonlinear systems. Some can be observed directly and others are not. The features of the waves are usually described by solutions to either linear or nonlinear partial differential equations, which are fundamental to the students and researchers.Generic equations, describing wave and pulse propagation in linear and nonlinear systems, are introduced and analyzed as initial/boundary value problems. These systems cover the general properties of non-dispersive and dispersive, uniform and non-uniform, with/without dissipations. Methods of analyses are introduced and illustrated with analytical solutions. Wave-wave and wave-particle interactions ascribed to the nonlinearity of media (such as plasma) are discussed in the final chapter.This interdisciplinary textbook is essential reading for anyone in above mentioned disciplines. It was prepared to provide students with an understanding of waves and methods of solving wave propagation problems. The presentation is self-contained and should be read without difficulty by those who have adequate preparation in classic mechanics. The selection of topics and the focus given to each provide essential materials for a lecturer to cover the bases in a linear/nonlinear wave course.

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Book SynopsisThis book aims at making readers develop a better understanding of electrostatic fields using the form of problems and puzzles (summarized as “questions” hereafter) and answers, instead of tedious explanations in ordinary textbooks. The book is filled with the questions with unexpected answers and questions often misunderstood or rarely completely understood, most of which are original. The questions in the book look simple and very easy to answer at a glance; nevertheless, once students try to solve them, they will find that the questions are really tough nuts to crack. Teachers can also use the questions in the book in their classes.Not only from an academic or an educational point of view, the book is useful also to engineers working in such fields as electrical discharges and their applications, high voltage equipment in DC and AC circuits as well as electrostatic devices. This is because the book introduces various practical applications related to electrostatic fields.The original ideas of the book are based on the following Japanese book written by one of author; T. Takuma: Panorama of Electric Fields (in Japanese) IEE, Japan, 2003. This English version of the book has been thoroughly revised and improved with several new questions added.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Notes.- Questions and Answers.- Coffee Break-Three Simple Questions Unrelated to Electric Fields.- Fundamentals of Electrostatic and Quasi-Electrostatic Fields.- Appendix-Supplementary Explanations.

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Book SynopsisThis book highlights principles and applications of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). After introducing the basic concepts, research progress, standardizations and limitations of EMC, the book puts emphasis on presenting the generation mechanisms and suppression principles of conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise, radiated EMI noise, and electromagnetic susceptibility (EMS) problems such as electrostatic discharge (ESD), electric fast transient (EFT) and surge. By showing EMC case studies and solved examples, the book provides effective solutions to practical engineering problems. Students and researchers will be able to use the book as practical reference for EMC-related measurements and problem- solution.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Summary of Electromagnetic Compatibility Chapter 2 Conducted EMI Noise Generated Mechanism, Measurement and Diagnosis Chapter 3 Conducted Electromagnetic Interference Suppression Methods and Case Studies Chapter 4 Radiated EMI Noise Generated Mechanism, Measurement and Diagnosis Chapter 5 Radiated Electromagnetic Interference Suppression Methods and Case Study Chapter 6 Principle and Analysis of Electromagnetic Susceptibility Chapter 7 Case Study of Electromagnetic Susceptibility

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses the most advanced to-date mathematical approach and numerical methods in electromagnetic field theory and wave propagation. It presents the application of developed methods and techniques to the analysis of waves in various guiding structures —shielded and open metal-dielectric waveguides of arbitrary cross-section, planar and circular waveguides filled with inhomogeneous dielectrics, metamaterials, chiral media, anisotropic media and layered media with absorption. It also looks into spectral properties of wave propagation for the waveguide families being considered, and the relevant mathematical techniques such as spectral theory of non-self-adjoint operator-valued functions are described, including rigorous proofs of the existence of various types of waves. Further, numerical methods constructed on the basis of the presented mathematical approach and the results of numerical modeling for various structures are also described in depth. The book is beneficial to a broad spectrum of readers ranging from pure and applied mathematicians in electromagnetic field theory to researchers and engineers who are familiar with mathematics. Further, it is also useful as a supplementary text for upper-level undergraduate students interested in learning more advanced topics of mathematical methods in electromagnetics.Table of ContentsChapter 1.IntroductionThe purpose of this chapter is to provide a survey of our book by placing what we have to say in a historical context. Chapter 2. Some concepts and definitions of the set theory, function theory, and operator theoryThe purpose of this chapter is to present an overview of the mathematical apparatus used in this book, to give theorems and proofs used in the subsequent book chapters. The presentation focuses in particular on the necessary elements of the spectral theory of nonselfadjoint operator-valued functions. Chapter 3. Shielded regular waveguides of arbitrary cross-sectionThis chapter is devoted to the analysis of the wave propagation in shielded waveguides of arbitrary cross-section filled with inhomogeneous dielectrics, metamaterials, chiral media, anisotropic media, and media with absorption. Spectral properties of the problems of wave propagation for the considered waveguide family are investigated. Definitions of various types of waves are formulated, the existence and distribution of the wave spectra are studied. Chapter 4. Planar waveguidesThis chapter addresses waves in plane waveguides filled with inhomogeneous dielectrics, metamaterials, chiral media, anisotropic media, and media with absorption. Spectral properties of the problems of wave propagation for this family of waveguides are investigated in detail. Chapter 5. Waveguides of circular cross-sectionThis chapter is devoted to the analysis of wave propagation in circular waveguides filled with inhomogeneous dielectrics, metamaterials, chiral media, anisotropic media, and media with absorption. The notions, results and methods developed in Chapter 3 are applied and concretized for this family of waveguides. The existence of real and complex normal waves and analysis of the distribution of the wave spectra are backed by a variety of numerical results. Chapter 6. Open regular waveguides of arbitrary cross-sectionIn this chapter, open waveguides of arbitrary cross-section are considered; the material filling consists of inhomogeneous dielectrics, metamaterials, chiral and anisotropic media, and media with absorption. The problems on normal waves are formulated with the conditions at infinity that enable one to take into account all types of waves, including complex and leaky. Spectral properties of the problems of wave propagation in open waveguides are investigated using the specially developed extensions of the spectral theory and particularly the operator-pencil approach. Chapter 7. Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThis book seeks to understand what bring to pass the birth of modern physics by focusing upon the formation of the concept of force. This would be the first book to note the important role magnetism has played in this process. Indeed, the force between celestial bodies, before the introduction of the Isaac Newtonian gravitational force, is first introduced by Johannes Kepler by analogy with the magnetic force. Moreover, this book, by concentrating our attention on the magnetism, fully describes the developments and the recognition of the force concept during the Middle Ages. The detailed description of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance is a strong point of this book. By discussing and emphasizing on the role accomplished by the magnetic force, this book makes clear the connection between the natural magic and the modern experimental physics. This book will open up a new aspect of the birth of modern physics.

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Book SynopsisHow can one determine the physical properties of the medium or the geometrical properties of the domain by observing electromagnetic waves? To answer this fundamental problem in mathematics and physics, this book leads the reader to the frontier of inverse scattering theory for electromagnetism.The first three chapters, written comprehensively, can be used as a textbook for undergraduate students. Beginning with elementary vector calculus, this book provides fundamental results for wave equations and Helmholtz equations, and summarizes the potential theory. It also explains the cohomology theory in an easy and straightforward way, which is an essential part of electromagnetism related to geometry. It then describes the scattering theory for the Maxwell equation by the time-dependent method and also by the stationary method in a concise, but almost self-contained manner. Based on these preliminary results, the book proceeds to the inverse problem for the Maxwell equation.The chapters for the potential theory and elementary cohomology theory are good introduction to graduate students. The results in the last chapter on the inverse scattering for the medium and the determination of Betti numbers are new, and will give a current scope for the inverse spectral problem on non-compact manifolds. It will be useful for young researchers who are interested in this field and trying to find new problems.

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Book SynopsisWritten by a former Olympiad student, Wang Jinhui, and a Physics Olympiad national trainer, Bernard Ricardo, Competitive Physics delves into the art of solving challenging physics puzzles. This book not only expounds a multitude of physics topics from the basics but also illustrates how these theories can be applied to problems, often in an elegant fashion. With worked examples that depict various problem-solving sleights of hand and interesting exercises to enhance the mastery of such techniques, readers will hopefully be able to develop their own insights and be better prepared for physics competitions. Ultimately, problem-solving is a craft that requires much intuition. Yet this intuition, perhaps, can only be honed by trudging through an arduous but fulfilling journey of enigmas.This is the second part of a two-volume series and will mainly analyze thermodynamics, electromagnetism and special relativity. A brief overview of geometrical optics is also included.

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Book SynopsisThe book comes in three parts: "The Rising Sun in a Developing World", "Solar Power for the World" and "PV Today and Forever". It provides a historical summary and gives a comprehensive overview of the present photovoltaic (PV) situation worldwide and future strategies for development and implementation. The author is a world leader in PV and all renewable energies.The book is illustrated with about 100 pictures.Trade Review"...an interesting collection of anecdotes concerning solar projects written by the people who were and are actually on the scene. Though the book does not ignore technical aspects, it highlights personal problems and difficulties, especially the institutional and cultural snags that are seldom included in professional papers. In chapter 1, Palz (World Council for Renewable Energy, Belgium) provides a review of the entire field, emphasizing photovoltaic cells. The remaining chapters are authored by solar experts who collectively span the various specialties and national emphases that complicate the construction of viable projects. In each chapter, the author describes his/her educational background, technical specialty, and personal projects. The authors also discuss project failures, which are often omitted from other works even though they may be very instructive to the reader. Solar technology is still in flux, and dead ends are to be expected. Valuable for all students of solar energy. Summing Up: Recommended. All levels/libraries."—J. C. Comer, Emeritus, Northern Illinois University, in CHOICE, August 2011, Vol. 48, #11"Power for the World by Wolfgang Palz is more than an Encyclopedia of Solar Cells. ... Wolfgang Palz is a master in assembling people, themes, and information that makes the reader live the exciting lives of these pioneers with the development of solar cells from its very beginning to the present. He let his many authors describe the fascination with success and the frustration by so many impediments in between. He stimulates the philosophy that leads to this beginning of the solar age. Wolfgang Palz, during his travels through the continents, is a master of creating friendship between scientists, engineers, industries, and politicians worldwide with his charming personality, for the common goal to make this the starting of the solar age. From his desk at the European Union in Brussels he has directed over decades all the essential research in Europe in solar cells. Now he has created a truly remarkable book that needs to find its place on the bookshelf of any one working or interested in solar. It is one of the few books that will be taken out again and again to find more of the exciting description of lived history. The timing of creating this book was exactly right. This is one of the culmination points of Wolfgang Palz’s life, congratulations."—Dr. Karl BoerTable of ContentsAbout the AuthorList of ContributorsHymn to the SunForewordHermann Scheer MPIntroductionChapter 1Part I: The Rising Sun in a Developing World1. Electric Power, A Pillar of Modern Society1.1 Electricity in Today’s Life1.2 The Conventional World of Electricity1.3 Solar PV: A Part of the New Semiconductor World2. Looking Back to Light the Future2.1 The Emergence of Electricity2.2 From the "Voltaic Pile" to the Photovoltaic Cell2.3 Photovoltaic Power: The First steps3. Solar Power for Space Satellites4. First Ideas about Lighting us with Solar Power4.1 Mutations of the Societies in the US and Europe4.2 A New Awareness for Solar Power4.3 The Oil-Price Shocks, The Nuclear Disaster 19865. After the Vision: AMountain of Challenges5.1 PV in the Starting Blocks in 19735.2 The Cost Problem: Technological Challenges5.3 The Chicken and Egg Problem: Mass Production5.4 Entrenched Energy Strategies and Politics5.5 Against Dominant Allocations of State Budgets5.6 Administrations5.7 The Energy Buy-Back Time, The Module Lifetime5.8 Intermittency of Supply5.9 Environmental Challenges6 Leadership of Action6.1 The Pioneering Role of the United States6.2 France: A European Solar Pioneer6.3 PV Start up in Germany6.4 PV Ups and Downs in Japan6.5 UNESCO6.6 The European Union6.7 The G86.8 The Energy Empire Fights BackPart II: Solar Power for the World1. Basics for a new Solar Age1.1 The Ethical Imperative of Photovoltaics1.2 Cost and Social Acceptance: Ingredientsfor a Viable Energy Strategy1.3 PV as Part of a Holistic Approach towardsRenewable Energy Implementationand Energy Conservation1.4 And what about the Power Plants on the Road?1.4.1 Car drivers and their power plants1.4.2 Mobilising PV for transport2. Driving Forces2.1 Aspiration of the People2.2 Preserving Nature and Alleviating Climate Change2.3 Peak Oil2.4 Energy Security of Supply3. The Role of Stake Holders in Society3.1 Governments and Administrations3.2 Industry and Finance3.3 PV Costs and Benefits for Society; a Special Rolefor the Grid Operators4. New Energy Paradigm4.1 Centralised or Decentralised PV4.2 What Role for the Conventional Power Utilities?4.3 Communities and Regions Mastering theirown Energy Supply4.4 The Autonomous Energy House: Solar Architectureand the Building Industry5. Power for the People5.1 Starting a Global Strategy: 10 Watts per Head5.2 PV for the People in the Industrialised World5.3 PV for the People in the Solar Belt6. Power for the Poor6.1 Getting Involved6.2 PV Power for the Poor in the Developing Countries6.3 Power for the Poor in the Industrialised Countries7. Power for PeacePart III: PV Today and Forever1. Solar Power 2009/10: AWealth of Achievements1.1 The Global PV Markets 2009/101.2 Political, Financial, and Industrial Environment1.3 The Technology Boom goes on2. Outlook2.1 On the Threshold of Commercial Viability 2.2 Outlook Towards 20202.3 PV as Part of a 100% RE World3. ConclusionsAppendixCartoonChapter 2 My Solar Age Started with TchernobylFranz AltChapter 3 More Electricity for Less Co2Yves BambergerChapter 4 Solar Power in PracticeStefan BehlingChapter 5 The Story of Developing Solar Glass FacadesJoachim BenemannChapter 6 Bringing the Oil Industry into the PictureKarl Wolfgang BöerChapter 7 Factory for Sale — or the Long and StonyWay to Cheap Solar Energy: The Story ofthe Thin-Film CdTe Solar Cells; First Solarand Others — A Semi-AutobiographyDieter BonnetChapter 8 Photovoltaics in the World Bank Group PortfolioAnil CabraalChapter 9 Solar Bicycles, Mercedes, Handcuffs — PlusEnergyBuildingsGallus CadonauChapter 10 Photovoltaic Power Systems for Lifting WomenOut of Poverty in Sub-Saharan AfricaDominique CampanaChapter 11 Solar Cell Development Work at COMSATLaboratories (1967–1975)Denis J. CurtinChapter 12 SolarBankMichael T. EckhartChapter 13 Will This Work? Is It Realistic?Thoughts and Acts of a Political Practitionerwith a Solar VisionHans-Josef FellChapter 14 The IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists ConferenceAmerico F. (Moe) ForestieriChapter 15 Review of China’s Solar PV Industry in 2009Gao HuChapter 16 Lighting the World: Yesterday, Today and TomorrowBiswajit GhoshChapter 17 The Role of Research Institutes for the Promotionof PV: The Case of Fraunhofer ISE (Institute ofSolar Energy Systems)Adolf GoetzbergerChapter 18 Abandoning Nuclear in Favor of RenewableEnergiesGiuliano GrassiChapter 19 Nonconventional Sensitized Mesoscopic(Grätzel) Solar CellsMichael GrätzelChapter 20 The PV World Conference in ViennaWolfgang HeinChapter 21 PV in Japan — Yesterday, Today and TomorrowOsamui Ikki and Izumi KaizukaChapter 22 PV in Europe, from 1974 to 2009:A Personal ExperienceHelmut KiessChapter 23 PV in Berlin — How It All Began: The Storyof Solon, Q-Cells, PV in BrazilStefan KrauterChapter 24 Three Steps to a Solar System — 1–40% and 100%Harry LehmannChapter 25 France Did Not Want to Look for the Sun…Alain Liébard and Yves-Bruno CivelChapter 26 On the International Call for Photovoltaics of 2008Daniel LincotChapter 27 High Efficiency Photovoltaics for a SustainableWorldAntonio LuqueChapter 39 Terrestrial Photovoltaic Industry — The BeginningPeter F. VaradiChapter 40 Solar Power in Geneva, SwitzerlandPhilippe VerburghChapter 41 Early PV Markets and Solar Solutions in South AsiaNeville Williams

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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