Earth sciences Books

Book SynopsisCarbon plays a fundamental role on Earth. It forms the chemical backbone for all essential organic molecules produced by living organisms. Carbon-based fuels supply most of society''s energy, and atmospheric carbon dioxide has a huge impact on Earth''s climate. This book provides a complete history of the emergence and development of the new interdisciplinary field of deep carbon science. It traces four centuries of history during which the inner workings of the dynamic Earth were discovered, and documents extraordinary scientific revolutions that changed our understanding of carbon on Earth forever: carbon''s origin in exploding stars; the discovery of the internal heat source driving the Earth''s carbon cycle; and the tectonic revolution. Written with an engaging narrative style and covering the scientific endeavours of more than a hundred pioneers of deep geoscience, this is a fascinating book for students and researchers working in Earth system science and deep carbon research.Trade Review'A beautifully accessible history of geology told through the unique lens of how the element carbon cycles between different parts of the Earth. The reader will be drawn into the stories behind some of the key discoveries and developments in the field. A must read for anyone interested in how scientific revolutions are made. Cin-Ty Lee, Rice University'A very interesting narrative that weaves the historical development of ideas and controversies in Geoscience into the theme of the significance of the Deep Earth Carbon cycle. Mitton has researched both the well-known and the less well-known personalities and anecdotes that bring the human element into the quest to discover how the Earth works.' Andrew Putnis, University of Münster'Simon Mitton's book takes us through centuries of frontline research on the origin and evolution of carbon in the universe and our planet… rarely have the challenges and innovations of geological research been exposed in such a broad context and in connection with other branches of science. Most appealing is the realization that a common thread links almost all scientific disciplines, which are complementary and constantly feed one another, sometimes in unexpected ways. Simon Mitton puts us in the driver's seat with his lively sketches of scientists at work. We take comfort in the outstanding advances that have been made and at the same time realize how far we still need to go. I was sorry when I reached the end of his book because I wanted the story to continue for much longer.' Claude Jaupart, Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris'Simon Mitton's book 'From Crust to Core, A Chronicle of Deep Carbon Science' takes the reader on a wonderful trip through the time, documenting the challenges and advances made by different generations of scientists to develop an understanding of Earth's processes. This comprehensive work extends until the construction of the revolutionary paradigm known as Earth System science, on which Deep Carbon Science is unfolding today.' Antonio Costa, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Bologna, Italy'… I recommend this book as delivering an enriching contextual narrative of the development of the subject that is well suited to basic background reading for all aspiring Earth scientists.' Gillian R. Foulger, The ObservatoryTable of Contents1. Why Carbon in Earth Matters; 2. The Origin of Deep Carbon in Deep Space; 3. Deliveries of Cosmic Carbon Continue; 4. On the Nature of Earth's Interior; 5. Earth's Interior Revealed; 6. Thousands, Millions or Billions, the Question of Timing; 7. Physics and Chemistry of Deep Earth; 8. Confronting the Continental Drift Conundrum; 9. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Rift Valley; 10. Earth's Deep Dynamics Discovered; 11. Reversals of Fortune; 12. Deep Carbon's Cycles, Reservoirs and Fluxes; 13. Carbon Bearing Phases in the Mantle; 14. Diamond in the Mantle; 15. Deep Life; Glossary; Biographical notes; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisExploring Earth Science, Third Edition, by Stephen Reynolds and Julia Johnson, is an innovative textbook intended for an introductory college geology course, such as earth science. This ground-breaking, visually spectacular book was designed following cognitive and educational research on how students think, learn, and study.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1: THE NATURE OF EARTH SCIENCECHAPTER 2: MINERALS AND MINERAL RESOURCESCHAPTER 3: EARTH MATERIALSCHAPTER 4: EARTH HISTORYCHAPTER 5: PLATE TECTONICSCHAPTER 6: VOLCANISM AND OTHER IGNEOUS PROCESSESCHAPTER 7: DEFORMATION AND EARTHQUAKESCHAPTER 8: MOUNTAINS, BASINS, AND CONTINENTAL MARGINSCHAPTER 9: SCULPTING LANDSCAPESCHAPTER 10: SOIL AND UNSTABLE SLOPESCHAPTER 11: GLACIERS, COASTS, AND CHANGING SEA LEVELSCHAPTER 12: STREAMS, LAKES, AND GROUNDWATERCHAPTER 13: ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY AND MATTERCHAPTER 14: ATMOSPHERIC MOTIONCHAPTER 15: ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURECHAPTER 16: WEATHER AND STORMSCHAPTER 17: OCEANS AND THEIR INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER EARTH SYSTEMSCHAPTER 18: CLIMATES AROUND THE WORLDCHAPTER 19: OUR SOLAR SYSTEMCHAPTER 20: OUR UNIVERSE

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Book SynopsisAs an environmental scientist, you are used to writing scientific articles, but how confident do you feel writing policy or regulatory documents? Do you feel you have the necessary writing skills to influence policy and inform the public? This refreshingly clear guide provides environmental scientists and conservation professionals with an effective writing process that can be applied in a range of financial, political, or organizational contexts. Baker outlines a replicable seven-step writing formula based on practical experience that acknowledges the complexities inherent in the worlds of endangered species, habitat conservation, and recovery planning. Using the formula, scientists will be able to communicate confidently and successfully with a multitude of audiences. Baker''s guide is written for scientists, not professional writers. In it, best practices abound. Practical examples, strategies, and diagrams guide the reader at every step, and selected resources are provided for furtTrade Review'For scientists wishing to write persuasively and in their own voices, L. Michelle Baker's Writing in the Environmental Sciences is an essential read. This seven-step guide is as well-written as it is instructive. It explains the writing process in both a welcome and digestible way. Michelle includes plenty of examples and writing tips to illustrate the major concepts, which when employed, yield clear and concise writing. That is critically important when distilling scientific method and results, and even more so when explaining the underlying assumptions and limitations. Likewise, when applying science in a regulatory or decision-making context, Michelle's thoughtful approach helps in crafting influential arguments. For those seeking to make science relevant, interesting, and compelling, Writing in the Environmental Sciences is the hammer in the conservation tool box.' David Rothstein, Environmental Attorney, Wildlife Biologist and Conservation Educator'L. Michelle Baker's Writing in the Environmental Sciences is a clear, thoughtful, and comprehensive guide to a kind of writing that is both necessary and daunting. The author understands that writing takes place in larger contexts of institutional and disciplinary expectations, and she lays out a step-by-step guide to writing effectively within these contexts. This book covers all of the bases. It shows writers how to be clearer, more concise, and more persuasive. And it includes plentiful examples of what good writing looks like.' Michael Austin, Executive Vice President for Academic Affairs, University of Evansville, IndianaTable of ContentsPreface; Introduction; Step 1. Laying the foundation; Step 2. Exploring; Step 3. Arranging; Step 4. Selecting a writing style; Step 5. Crafting; Step 6. Revising; Step 7. Polishing; Conclusion; Appendix A: the 7 steps to writing with clarity; Appendix B: environmental research databases; Appendix C: sample style guide checklist; Appendix D: writing resources for long-term professional development; Appendix E: non-English related writing skills; References.

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Book Synopsis'Dust is a book with an extraordinary global story to tell, but - and - also with an ethical argument to advance. Robert Macfarlane'Superb' Telegraph'Brilliant' Sunday Times'Eye-opening . . . impressive' Guardian 'Powerful' Nature 'Like a detective dusting for fingerprints, Jay Owens masterfully reveals the hidden traces of modernity by following some of its smallest fragments.' James Vincent, author of Beyond Measure__________Dust may seem inconsequential, so tiny and mundane as to slip below the threshold of thought. Yet within the next one hundred years, life on Earth will be profoundly changed by heat and drought - and that means dust. In this ground-breaking book, Jay Owens argues that dust is a legacy of twentieth-century progress and a toxic threat to life in the twenty-first.Dust: The Modern World in a Trillion Particles tells the gripping story of how the relentless drive for profit and power has turned the world to powder. Combining history and science, travel and nature writing, Owens shows how the modern world was made through environmental devastation - and then brushed the consequences under the carpet. From particle air pollution and nuclear fallout to desertification, dried-up seas and melting glaciers, we've profoundly altered the planet we live on. The cost to human health - and to the natural world - proves immense.From the California desert and the Dust Bowl in Oklahoma to the desiccated remains of the Aral Sea and the edge of the Greenland ice sheet, we are shown that some of the planet's most remote and forgotten places are central to the modern world. With clarity and insight, Dust: The Modern World in a Trillion Particles helps us understand our legacy and discovers the big ideas found within the smallest particles.__________Combining history and science, a sweeping look at the smallest substance and the biggest challenges facing people and the planet'From Mark Kurlansky's Salt and Laura Martin's Tea to Jared Diamond's Guns and Germs and Steel, can we now add geographer Jay Owens's Dust?' TelegraphTrade Review'Like a detective dusting for fingerprints, Jay Owens masterfully reveals the hidden traces of modernity by following some of its smallest fragments. Dust is a hugely original and engrossing history. It's a book that captures our current age - its diffusion, its wonder, and its terror - as well as tracing its future fall-out, both literal and symbolic. - James Vincent, author of Beyond Measure'Owens's pursuit of dust - defined very broadly as particles of a certain size, however generated - sends her tripping through many fascinating and rewarding realms . . . She's a superb travel writer, delivering with aplomb on her own idea of what geographers should be doing: Paying attention to tangible, material realities to ground our theoretical models in the world.' - Telegraph'A profoundly original examination of our damaged, eternally connected world. There are ideas here I will carry with me for my whole life, having breathed them in with these pages as surely as we breathe the book's titular substance in with every living moment.' - Ray Nayler, author of The Mountain in the Sea 'Brilliant . . . Owens is a serious writer: impassioned but intelligent, powerful but subtle ... [a] first-class writer and deep-thinking environmentalist. This book is original and exciting.' Sunday Times'Food for thought wrapped up nicely in a highly absorbing book.' Buzz Magazine'Some of the most powerful narratives in the book centre on dried lake beds . . . The author tells the story beautifully, weaving together the strands of environmental justice, water rights and public health . . . a broad and insightful picture of how tiny partices influence our environment, our health and our relationship with the world around us.' Nature'Owens's prose is often lyrical and her wide-ranging analysis highlights dust's overlooked historical significance . . . a competent and persuasive study of the big impact of small particles.' -- Publishers Weekly'A fascinating and expansive examination of the causes of dust and its effect on people . . . Owens' writing is moving and persuasive, revealing passion about the subject . . . Readers will be fascinated by what enormous insights Owens conveys by thoughtfully examining something as tiny as a dust particle.' -- Bookist'Who knew dust could be so exciting? Here it undergoes a thorough rebrand to elevate it from mildly annoying irritant to mind-blowing magic trick, global network and latest candidate for eventual downfall of our species.' -- Strong Words'Like a detective dusting for fingerprints, Jay Owens masterfully reveals the hidden traces of modernity by following some of its smallest fragments. Dust is a hugely original and engrossing history. It's a book that captures our current age - its diffusion, its wonder, and its terror - as well as tracing its future fall-out, both literal and symbolic.' James Vincent, author of Beyond Measure

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Book SynopsisRed Sea: Historical Significance, Properties and Economic Importance opens with a discussion on oceanic spreading beginning in the Pliocene (~5 Ma) (after advanced continental drifting) and continuing to the present day, as demonstrated by the intense volcanic and seismic activity in the area during the last 10,000 years. The authors present geochemical features that are typical of mid ocean ridge basalts (MORB), which allow the Red Sea to be regarded as a newborn ocean. Additionally, its development resembles the early stages of the Atlantic Ocean. Next, this compilation discusses the Wadi Masilah Basin in the southeasternmost part of Yemen, which hosts promising base metal and barite prospects. This terrain has a complex geological and structural history, including oblique divergence (transtension) related to the opening phases of the greater Red Sea. The fisheries reserve of the Sudanese Red Sea is dominated by different assemblages of ecologically and commercially important stock of invertebrates, demersal finfish and pelagic fish. The authors address how the national fisheries standing stock remains largely under-exploited with the exception of Mother of Pearl (Pinctada margeritifera) and Trochus (Tectus dentatus) which are efficiently utilized.

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Book SynopsisIn the opening chapter Volume 19 uses obtained kinetic data to estimate the growth rate of the basic copper carbonates with the participation of complexing agents, thus demonstrating that natural organic complexing agents can play an important role in the formation of copper carbonate minerals. The next section deals with how the presence of organic matter, which is much softer than the inorganic matrix, affects gas production in shale reservoirs. A comprehensive study of the characteristics of organic matter can improve our understanding of organic-rich shale reservoirs. Additionally, remote-sensing for oil spills is reviewed. The technical aspects of sensors are summarised and the benefits and limitations of each sensor are given. In the last few decades, as the number of reclamation projects has increased, the diversity of the landscape has also increased, as has the proportion of ecologically valuable elements (such as forests, meadows and water bodies) which can approximate the original landscape with a greater degree of ecological stability. More accurate quantification of the extent of mining activities and reclamation projects is important for exploration of environmental impacts on the ecosystem. In order to address coastal degradation, the Atlantic Andalusian Coastal District has performed beach and dune restoration planning, described by the authors as an example of sustainable coastal management. In the penultimate chapter, the method of the gravitational mass spectroscopy is used to investigate the inhomogeneity of the density in the surface layers of the Earth's crust under the European continent in the area of massive deposits of hard coal. The final chapter describes the petrography, whole-rock major and trace-element geochemistry of lamprophyre dyke reported in southern India.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/horizons-in-earth-science-research-volume-19/

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Book SynopsisThis is a compilation of Abstracts and Introductions from a wide variety of Earth Science books Nova has published over the years. Each excerpt includes the title of the original book where the original content was published should readers be interested in learning more. Nova Excerpts is published simultaneously in both print and digital formats.

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Book SynopsisEarth resources are the precious assets that provide living space for human beings. In the last few decades, the pressure on earth resources has increased due to anthropogenic activities and rapid industrialisation. The sustainable management of earth resources requires reliable, accurate, and timely information at different observational scales. Geo-information technology is an efficient tool for acquiring information required for environmental protection, earth resources monitoring, and addressing the issues associated with sustainable development and management. It offers an influential and capable tool for mapping, monitoring, modeling, and management of earth resources. Many researchers have reported their findings and operational applications of direct relevance to the management of earth resources with the launch of imaging satellites in the 1970s. However, few studies have been reported to understand the core science and research basics, as there are larger issues of capacity building to use geo-information technology in sustainable development and management of earth resources. There is also a fundamental gap between the theoretical concepts and the operational use of these advanced tools. This could be resolved by providing a broad range of applications of this technology to the scientific and research community in the field of geospatial technologies and allied subjects. This book, entitled "Geo-Information Technology in Earth Resources Monitoring and Management," deals with the challenges for sustainable management and development of earth resources with a focus on India and other countries around the world. The chapters are written by prominent academicians, researchers, and experts in the field of geo-information technology and related subjects. This book is a collection of chapters providing a multi-disciplinary overview for academicians, researchers, scientists, administrators, policymakers, social scientists, and professionals involved in the various aspects of earth resources development, planning, and management. The aim of this book is to replenish the gap in the available literature on the subject by bringing together the concepts, theories, and experiences of specialists and professionals in this field.Table of ContentsPreface; Land Cover Mapping Using Sentinel and Landsat Data: Potential and Challenges in the Context of the National Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Bulgaria; Recent Trends of Urban Expansion and Consequent Land Transformations: An Appraisal of Asansol City, West Bengal; Changing Trends of Land Surface Temperature in Relation to Land Use Land Cover of Delhi, India; Spatio Temporal Analysis of Air Quality of Udaipur and Its Relation with Land Surface Temperature Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic; Characteristics of Atmospheric Aerosol Over Indo-Gangetic Basin: Trend, Origin of Sources and Impact on Climate; Analysing Urban Landscape Changes with Multi-Sensor Datasets on a Temporal Scale; Assessment of the Spatio-Temporal Variation of Biophysical Indices in the Spectral Delineation of the Urban Green Cover: A Case Study from Ranchi; RS-GIS Application in Designing Sustainable Land Use Pattern of Killi Ar, Sub-Basin of Karamana River, Kerala; A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach to Create 3D Building Model Using Cartosat-1 Imagery: A Case Study From Oshiwara City, Mumbai; Identification of New Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Sites Using Integrated GIS-MCDM Techniques A Review; Assessing Inadequate Urban Infrastructure in Gated Societies of Greater Faridabad, India and Application of IOT in Smart Governance: Way Forward to Sustainable Development Goals; Characteristics and Nutrient Status of Limestone Soils in Leyte and Samar, Philippines; Remote Sensing-Based Agricultural Drought Monitoring A Review; Application of Meteorological and Vegetation Indices for Monitoring of Drought Condition Using Geospatial Techniques and Statistical Approach in the Semi Arid Regions of Rajasthan, India; Evaluation of Remote Sensing Based Agricultural Drought Indicators for Crop Insurance; Lessons from Central and Eastern Europe Changes and Reasons of Renewable Energy Support Schemes; Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Limnological Studies: A Case Study from Northwest Himalayan Lakes, India; Identification of Locations for Artificial Recharge Structures Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques: A Case Study of Sitapur District; The Application of Morphometric Parameters in River Watershed Management: A Case Study of Rihand River, India; Geospatial Distribution of Dar Zarrouk Parameters Resulting from Vertical Electrical Sounding in Dharangaon and Erandol Block of Jalgaon District, (India); Index.

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Book SynopsisThis monograph consists of six chapters that provide updates in the field of earth science research. Chapter One explicates the history of exploration of the Antarctic continent and tries to answer questions surrounding the initial discovery of Antarctica. Chapter Two describes the properties of the Kwanza Basin in terms of the presence of hydrocarbons and other aspects of interest to oil companies. Chapter Three includes information about the planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy at the K/PG boundary at El Kef GSSP of the Tethyan realm. Chapter Four quantitively assesses the microfabric of the Kawabata Formation by evaluating rock specimens using magnetic techniques. Chapter Five presents the results of the research of distribution of rare-earth and other trace elements in relict zircons from restitogenic ultramafic rocks of Shaman massifs. Finally, Chapter Six introduces a new monitoring technology that could lead to the next generation of hydraulic fracture optimization and rejuvenate unconventional reservoir development.Table of ContentsPreface; Searching for the Antarctic: By Whom, When and How Was the Antarctic Continent Discovered? A Russian Perspective; The Pre-salt of the Kwanza Basin (Angola): An Overview of Maturation Model versus Geodynamic Framework; Planktic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy at the K/Pg Boundary at El Kef GSSP of the Tethyan Realm; The Three-Dimensional Microfabric of Turbidite Sequences: Insights Into Sedimentary Processes Within the Miocene Arc-Arc Junction in Central Hokkaido; The Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements in the Crystals of Relict Zircons from Restitogenic Ultramafiс Rocks of the Shaman Massif (Eastern Trans-baikal Region, Russia); Monitoring Stress Change in the Subsurface During Hydraulic Fracturing with Time-Lapse Multicomponent Seismic Data; Index.

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Book SynopsisRangelands are confined to the tropic and sub-tropic regions, and cover about 4.5 billion hectares of the world''s dry lands or one fifth of the earth''s land surface. In spite of their hostile environment, they are important biodiversity conservation landscapes and support livelihoods of nearly 135 million people, yet they are some of the most neglected and abused biomes. This book examines the degradation of rangelands, and its potential ecological and socio-economic implications. Also discussed are the traditional management of dehesa systems, with a focus on the problems and advantages of the livestock diversification which characterise them. A brief description of the Surface Renewal (SR) method and research is given, and performance observed for estimating sensible heat, latent heat and C02 fluxes against the more expensive EC measurements over grasslands are looked at as well. This book also gives an overview of the widespread isotopic techniques applied to study connectivity between streams and groundwater; assumptions, advantages and drawbacks of the isotopic methodologies are reported. In addition, human impact is arguably the most important issue confronting mountain ecosystems today across the world. This book outlines the trajectory of mountain studies in anthropology, from early studies to the peak of mountain anthropology in the 1980s, highlighting major theoretical and research foci. Other chapters in this book review the current threats to inland desert rangelands, ranging from groundwater depletion, habitat fragmentation, exotic species introductions and overgrazing. Recommendations on how to improve the state of irrigated soils and to eliminate anthropogenic desertification are also discussed.

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Book SynopsisThe dynamics and mechanisms of a monsoon is one of the most spectacular global phenomena of nature. Climate change could influence monsoon dynamics, cause poor summer precipitation, and delay the start of monsoon season. This book discusses the impact of monsoons from the normal or even slight deviations in the light of country economics, agricultural production, water availability, and hydroelectric power generation. Also discussed in this compilation is the methodical aspects of an avalanche mechanism and the electrical breakdown of gases.

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Book SynopsisLightning balls are very rare natural phenomena that appear as free floating glowing globs, usually during electric activity in the atmosphere of the Earth. Each year, hundreds of eyewitness accounts of such strange events are reported to local journals, police and even military authorities. This book also discusses, extraterrestrial lightning detected so far on the planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Venus, which are attributed to intracloud lightning. An overview of the results of Schumann resonance and ELF studies obtained during the last decade are explored and educational computer simulations of lightning and associated thunders is reviewed.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents and discusses research in the field of earth science, with a specific focus on the kryosphere and its relationship to the hydrosphere. Explored also are the shield volcanoes of the Siberian flood basalts and the dynamics of lava sheet formation, as well as the planetary conditions at the Hadean and Archean transition and the possible scenarios for the origin of life and oxygen genesis in the early earth atmosphere.

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Book SynopsisManagement and restoration of river ecosystems are based on an understanding of the relations between physical, chemical and biological processes at varying time scales. This book examines river ecology, disturbances of the ecology and restoration strategies. Topics discussed include the social side of river management; historical change and management of the floodplain forests of the Middle Elbe River; pollution, water quality, toxic contamination and fish health of the Volga River and the relationship between river management and economic growth in urban regions.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents and discusses research in the field of earth science, with a focus on the dynamics of continental deformation with regard to rifting and plate tectonics; archaeological charcoal signals from Upper Paleolithic sites; olivine and its role in chemical evolution and in the origin of life; Great Lakes ecology, conservation and management; volcanic ash soils in Taiwan; finite half-space models of the oceanic lithosphere and manifestations of upwelling mantle flow on the Earth''s surface.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents current research in the study of the types, dynamics and changes of river channels. Topics discussed include zoobenthos diversity in the Volga and Danube European rivers; large alluvial river channel patterns and complexity; channel evolution, fluvial management and safety maintenance in Russian river channels; alluvial river channel morphology in New Zealand and river planform analysis as a tool for neotectonic investigation in the northern Pannonian Basin.

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Book SynopsisWeathering is an important phenomenon of the geochemical cycle as it contributes to the relief formation. It corresponds to a general term applied to physical and chemical changes suffered by rocks as a consequence of their exposition to different conditions of humidity and temperature. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the types, processes and effects of weathering. Topics discussed include the use of weathering indices in rock research; geomorphic processes in the last glacial age; understanding chemical weathering in affecting the Earth''s surface; weathering of dimensional granite stones used as cladding and the weathering process and desert pavement development.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors have gathered and present current research from across the globe in the study of the structure, properties and dynamics of the Earth''s core. Topics discussed include computer modelling of liquid iron solutions in the Earth''s core; the origin and development of cores of the terrestrial planets from their tectomagmatic evolution and paleomagnetic data; the Slichter modes and their free translational oscillations of the inner core; manifestations of upwelling mantle flow on the Earth''s surface and various geophysical data and theoretical models dealing with the behaviour of liquid and solid Earth''s cores.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents and discusses research in the field of earth science, with a focus on the iron bioavailability in the Southern Oceans; the electrical properties of sedimentary rocks; the evolution of movement of asteroids; climatological features of cyclonic development over the Southwestern South Atlantic Ocean; coastal impacts related to wind/wave changes in the South American Continental Shelf; hydraulic conductivity assessment in fractured rock masses and the geology of hematite on the Earth''s surface.

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Book SynopsisPeatlands are characterised as habitats where waterlogged and low oxygen conditions result in the accumulation of organic matter. This organic material is the peat, the partially decomposed remains of vegetation, and peat accumulations can be tens of meters deep, with peat to at least 30 to 40 cm depth typically being used to classify an ecosystem as a peatland. This book examines the microbial ecology of peat swamp forests, new methods for the waterproofing of construction materials with organic peat compounds, and the fundamentals of obtaining sorption materials from mineral peat-based compositions and their industrial applications.

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Book SynopsisMost species of anurans require ponds for reproduction. This book discusses the attributes likely to influence a pond''s suitability as a spawning site include factors such as vegetation, depth, water chemistry, presence of predators, hydroperiod and water chemistry. But in many landscapes, the availability of suitable ponds is limited. This book also discusses recreational and commercial pond usage in the south-eastern United States, which influences nutrient and fish production making the ecological role of shallow lakes and ponds among the most threatened habitats in the world. Also explored are lakes and ponds beyond the Earth, such as the dry lakebeds on Mars and active methane-ehtane ponds on Titan, and the behaviour of boundaries between gradient zone and convective zones in a salinity gradient solar pond.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents and discusses research in the field of earth science, with a focus on the utility of schist in rock art studies; fossil records of angiosperm origin; crater detection algorithms; crater distributions in volcanoes controlled by magmatic and tectonic conditions; and the mineralogical compositions of gneisses and schists.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors gather and present topical research in the study of the occurrence, mineralogy and origin of granite. Topics discussed in this compilation include the occurrence of Th, U, Y, Zr and REE-bearing accessory minerals in granites and their petrogenetic significance; contrasting petrological attributes of granites in Nigeria; non-linear acoustic phenomena in granite; experimental methods of determining thermal properties of granite; and the mineralogy of the rare-earth element-bearing granites from Central India.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents and discusses research in the field of earth science, with a focus on glacial erosion and Karst Evolution; the Lake Urmia Dike and its hydrodynamic and geological impact; geometry of coronal rays; Estonian dolomite; the last continental glaciation of Western Siberia; fracture network properties in limestone and dolostone; and solar EUV coronas.

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Book SynopsisThe Holocene (11.5 ka BP onwards), directly linked to the evolution of modern society, encompasses the increase and impacts of the human species world-wide, including by and large striking changeover towards living in the present. The Holocene climate is also responsible for expansion/ migration/decline of the human cultures. Because of this, a period termed as Anthropocene (age of man) is also proposed as the latest part of this epoch since the recent human impacts have been found on the Earth and such impacts are unquestionably of global implication for our future. This book contains seventeen invaluable manuscripts submitted by the authors from diverse countries. While most of them are related to the climatic events and environmental dynamics during the Holocene, two chapters focus on the palaeoseismology and human migration/anatomy.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents and discusses research in the field of earth science, with a focus on the role of hydrology in salt marsh ecology; modelling tool applications in freshwater ecosystems and resource management; the flood cycle model; mechanisms of global change in the biosphere; the impact of tropical forest canopies in the planning of rural settlements and sustainable environments; long-term consistency of main taxonomic groups of Lake Kinneret phytoplankton; modelling landslide susceptibility analysis; and the Earth''s gravitational dipole.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present current research in the study of the crystallography, chemistry and catalytic performance of perovskites. Topics discussed include the defect structure and defect-induced expansion of perovskite oxides; perovskite-based catalysts for transformation of natural gas and oxygenates into syngas; Bi containing multiferroic perovskite oxide thin films; perovskites as catalysts for environmental remediation; microwave-assisted synthesis and characterisation of perovskite oxides; perovskite and lead based ceramic materials; photocatalytic properties of perovskite-type layered oxides; structure of perovskite electron-ionic conductors; and distorted perovskites.

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Book SynopsisThis book describes a wide range of soils, from the humid subtropical coast of the Black Sea to the frozen peaks of the High Caucasus with more than 5.000 meters above sea level and from extremely humid areas in the West to dry, semi-desert regions in the East, with an enormous variety of rock parent materials, a very accentuated hydrology and a topography, ranging from large plains, hilly regions to steep and strongly dissected slopes and gorges in the High and Lower Caucasus. There is no other country in the world the size of Georgia with such a variety of soil forming conditions and soils. Therefore, V V Dokuchaev, one of the founders of the genetic soil classification, called Georgia an "Open-Air Museum of Soils". The book is subdivided into 6 chapters. In Chapter 1, the physiography of Georgia and the factors of soil formation such as topography, geology, climate and vegetation are described, followed by Chapter 2, with the detailed description of 21 soil groups, their morphological, physical and chemical characteristics, their many different subtypes and variations, and their ecology, based on 72 tables, 25 figures and 20 photos. Moreover, the location of each soil and its surface in % of the total surface of Georgia are explained, including the history of their discovery and investigation together with the relevant literature. In Chapter 3, the overall ecological conditions, especially problems of soil erosion by water and wind and the soil contamination by heavy metals and radionuclides are described, followed by Chapter 4 with an explanation of the soil use, based on physical and chemical soil characteristics. Two further chapters with references and soil photos conclude the book, which is written by Professor Tengiz F Urushadze from the Agricultural University of Georgia in Tbilisi and Professor Winfried E H Blum from the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) in Vienna, Austria.

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Book SynopsisThe peculiar characteristics of clays provide it with very interesting adsorption qualities, especially for polar or ionisable molecules. Some of these characteristics include the silicates'' sheet structure that makes a large surface area accessible for adsorption; the usually significant surface charge that can be responsible for strong electrostatic interactions; and clays'' swelling properties and presence of exchangeable surface cations that facilitate ion-exchange mechanisms. Added to their wide availability and associated low cost, these characteristics have motivated in recent years an increasing interest in utilising natural, processed or chemically-modified clays for the removal of organic contaminants from aqueous solutions. This book discusses the application of clay materials for the removal of organic compounds from contaminated waters. It also discusses several other topics that include time and temperature related behaviour of clays; mechanical treatment of clay minerals; the workability of natural clays and clays in the ceramics industry; recent advances in hydraulic performance of clay liners; and the genesis, properties and industrial applications of bauxitic lithomargic clay.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents and discusses research in the field of earth science, with a focus on high resolution insight on the submarine mudflows of the gulf of Mexico; shale and its beneficial and dangerous characteristics for human beings; publicly available open access data and machine learning model-predictions applied with open source GIS for the entire Antarctic ocean: a first meta-analysis and synthesis from 53 charismatic species; a case study on ice sheets self-destructing and causing rapid climate change; conservation planning and management of limited water resources in arid and semi-arid areas as economic resources; laser Raman spectroscopy study on the growth zoning of feldspar, zircon and apatite; statistical prediction of winter rainfall in Patagonia (Argentina); and research of seismicity at an oceanic and sea bottoms.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents and discusses research in the field of earth science, with a focus on the impact of internal wave breaking on ocean upper layer formation; geoexchange; neutron clusters in the earth''s core; pyrite as a concentrator of gold in laboratory and natural systems; triggering earthquakes by rainfalls; and mineralogy and origin of rare-earth-element-bearing granites.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents and discusses research in the field of earth science, with a focus on the utilisation of biomass for renewable bioenergy development; depressions of superficial deposit; nature and origin of granitic rocks; nature and technology of geothermal energy, clean sustainable energy for the benefit of humanity and environment; kinetic energy metamorphosis of rocks; an improved workflow towards real-time microseismic data processing; a brief overview of the Brazilian legislation and the radioactive wastes geologic repository project; detection of groundwater and soil contamination by hydrocarbons using radon as a tracer; genetic programming applied to chemical and environmental engineering; and a multisided analysis of living matter in an aquatic ecosystem.

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Book SynopsisLocal atmospheric simulations of real city neighborhoods are important to study for urban climate, thermal and wind comfort, and local air quality, including pollution hot spots such as tunnel heads, near a motorway or a busy crossing. When the wind is weak, the thermal and radiative effects become more important together with flow stratification that can inhibit turbulence and mixing in some conditions. In order to take into account atmospheric radiation and the thermal effects of the buildings in simulations of atmospheric flow and pollutant dispersion in urban areas, a three-dimensional atmospheric thermal-radiative scheme in the atmospheric module of the open-source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model has been developed. The simulation of realistic atmospheric conditions in urban areas made possible by this work can be used for various applications. The author describes the development of this model and presents several results by comparing field data.

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Book SynopsisAn academic book examines Nepal's peasant society under global capitalism, emphasizing academia and civil society collaboration. Eight scholars explore peasant rights and economy, with Dr. Suresh Dhakal focusing on peasants as anthropological categories and ethnographic subjects.

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Book SynopsisAll over the world women are working in bird conservation -- usually without the recognition they deserve, despite dedicating their lives to birds, often at considerable personal cost. They work in the field, campaign against the illegal wildlife trade and educate people in sensitive areas regarding the important role that birds play as part of the biodiversity of their locality and of the planet. This book is full of inspirational women including those who have played an important role in bird conservation and even in bird rescue centres. Their stories and those of the birds they saved will touch your heart. The book also covers social issues such as discrimination against women working in the field. This book shines a spotlight on more than 30 of these female heroes. It encourages women to be inspired by their stories and to make their own contributions to saving wonderful feathered creatures from extinction.

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Book SynopsisKarstified landscapes are among the most bizarre on our planet -- both above and below ground. This book takes you on a visual journey across sublime karst scenery and into the subterranean wilderness of New Zealand caves. Accompanied by popular scientific texts, stunning images lead you from the sculptured limestone pavements of the alpine marble karst to the grassland and jungle karst of the foothills, onwards into the twilight zone and deeper into the caves. It explores the diversity of peculiar features and creatures of the underground, ventures back into the light of cave ruins, and concludes with karst-related Māori rock art. Learn about the life cycle of the endemic glowworm and the critically endangered Nelson cave spider. Explore the majesty of cave minerals forming speleothems of all types. Discover the many roles water plays in shaping karst and understand the vulnerability of these geotopes and biotopes. New Zealand Karst reveals how you can appreciate karst as a phenomenon where geological, biological, and archaeological beauty all come together in harmony.

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Book SynopsisTEDDY is an annual publication by TERI providing comprehensive data on energy supply, demand, and environment in India. It includes commercial energy balances, government policies, and interactive visuals. The publication is widely used by researchers and organizations in the energy sector globally.

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