Earth sciences Books
Springer Verlag, Singapore Waste Management and Resource Efficiency: Proceedings of 6th IconSWM 2016
Book SynopsisThe book contains high-quality research papers presented at Sixth International Conference on Solid Waste Management held at Jadavpur University, Kolkata India during November 23-26, 2016. The Conference, IconSWM 2016, is organized by Centre for Quality Management System, Jadavpur University in association with premier institutes and societies of India. The researchers from more than 30 countries presented their work in Solid Waste Management. The book is divided into two volumes and deliberates on various issues related to innovation and implementation in sustainable waste management, segregation, collection, transportation of waste, treatment technology, policy and strategies, energy recovery, life cycle analysis, climate change, research and business opportunities.Table of ContentsPart 01. Swachh Bharat Mission in India.- Part 02. Solid Waste Management in Asia-Pacific, African and European Countries.- Part 03. Sustainability and Climate Change.- Part 04. Policies and Strategies.- Part 05. Municipal Solid Waste Management.- Part 06. City Specific MSW.- Part 07. Landfill and Leachate Management.- Part 8. Composting.- Part 9. Industrial Waste Treatment and Management.- Part 10. Sludge Management.- Part 11. Waste to Energy.- Part 12. W2E Pyrolysis and Gasification.- Part 13. C_D Waste Management.- Part 14. WEEE Management.- Part 15. Plastic Waste Management.- Part 16. Chemical Engineering in Waste Management.- Part 17. Waste Utilization and Minimization.- Part 18. Air Pollution.- Part 19. Modeling in Solid Waste Management.- Part 20. Waste Water Treatment.- Part 21. Nano Technology.
£161.99
Columbia University Press Flight Ways
Book SynopsisTrade ReviewAn excellent book that deserves wide readership. -- Marc Bekoff, editor of Ignoring Nature No More: The Case For Compassionate Conservation I love this book. Thom van Dooren's thorough, detailed, and calmly passionate scholarship adds immensely to my understanding of caring, science, and justice, and conditions for recuperation that take multispecies flourishing seriously. He is a leader in learning to learn without the tools of human exceptionalism, attuned to the nuances and specificities of situated worlds, including human worlds-in-relation with other critters. -- Donna Haraway, author of When Species Meet In this wise and fascinating book, van Dooren takes us into the fleshy, biosocial, and ethical consequences of extinction. His lively stories of five bird species open worlds-both avian and human-of care, dedication, and the most ardent commitment. By developing a deeper understanding of species as intergenerational and interspecies achievements, van Dooren helps us rethink both loss and conservation. Flight Ways is a profoundly realized exploration of why extinction matters, and how we may respond. -- Deborah Bird Rose, author of Wild Dog Dreaming: Love and Extinction Haunting, beautiful, and important: Flight Ways is extraordinary. This is ethnographic storytelling at its very best, and it carries the environmental humanities to new heights. You will never look at a bird in the same way again. -- Anna Tsing, University of California, Santa Cruz Flight Ways recovers a way of responding ethically to extinction. van Dooren's scientifically-informed case studies of particular bird species facing extinction give the lie to the trope of "the last one" by framing stories of the "distinct unraveling of ways of life" that had evolved over millions of years and whose passings are unevenly experienced as tragedies. Informative, heartbreaking, and deeply inspiring, his book serves as a compelling model for how animal studies scholarship can move beyond false competitions of individuals and populations to engage with the real problems of sustaining life in multispecies communities. -- Susan McHugh, author of Animal Stories: Narrating across Species Lines and Dog A magnificent, sensitive, and marvelously intelligent book that tells stories of extinction while reinspiring us with life and curiosity. Every page teaches us something about other forms and ways of life, makes us think differently or more deeply than we have been in the habit of thinking, and helps us to do so in company with the beings of other species. Van Dooren teaches us that to care passionately can be a weapon of resistance against the forces of destruction. -- Vinciane Despret, University of Liege Thom van Dooren's book... blends philosophy with the natural sciences in his discussion of the cultural and ethical significance of modern-day extinctions. Birds are the focus of this lovely book and readers are treated to beautiful prose about what it means to the birds themselves and to us to lose these amazing beings. Psychology Today Masterful... [a] thought-provoking book and essential reading for those who seek to avert the sixth mass extinction. It makes the case, eloquently and convincingly, for greater attention to scientifically-informed narratives... Biological Conservation Engaging... CHOICE A novel, thought-provoking, and deeply moving analysis of species extinction from the perspective of five different bird species The Year's Work in Critical and Cultural Theory A very valuable book that makes an important (and affective) intervention in existing conceptual debates. SomatosphereTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction: Telling Lively Stories at the Edge of Extinction 1. Fledging Albatrosses: Flight Ways and Wasted Generations 2. Circling Vultures: Life and Death at the Dull Edge of Extinction 3. Urban Penguins: Stories for Lost Places 4. Breeding Cranes: The Violent-Care of Captive Life 5. Mourning Crows: Grief in a Shared World Epilogue: A Call for Stories Notes References Index
£18.00
University of California Press Dirt
Book SynopsisDirt, soil, call it what you want - it's everywhere we go. It is the root of our existence, supporting our feet, our farms, and our cities. Offering a natural and cultural history of soil that sweeps from ancient civilizations to modern times, this book explores the idea that we are - and have long been - using up Earth's soil.Trade Review"Anyone interested in environmental issues should read this book... Entertains and stimulates thought." Times Higher Ed Sup (Thes) "Fascinating insights into what be our most precious natural resource and gives important pointers toward sustainable land management." Bioscience "How societies fare in the long run depends on how they treat their soils. Simple. Concise. You are your dirt." -- Carol Ekarius Hobby Farms "Sobering... A timely text that will no doubt stimulate the discussion of this issue, and its potential solutions, for years to come." Environment & History "Strengthen[s] appreciation for how important the soil is to our existence." Great Plains Research "This book is a thorough and enlightening treatment of the topic." The Perennial Bookworm "Sounds an ever timely and necessary clarion call." Vadose Zone JournalTable of ContentsPREFACE TO THE 20I2 EDITION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I GOOD OLD DIRT 2 SKIN OF THE EARTH 3 RIVERS OF LIFE 4 GRAVEYARD OF EMPIRES 5 LET THEM EAT COLONIES 6 WESTWARD HOE 7 DUST BLOW 8 DIRTY BUSINESS 9 ISLANDS IN TIME IO LIFE SPAN OF CIVILIZATIONS NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
£18.90
Johns Hopkins University Press Earths Magnetism in the Age of Sail
Book SynopsisThe result, a masterful combination of science and history, will appeal to a broad audience of specialists as well as general readers.Trade ReviewA fascinating tale at the interface of geophysics, maritime history, and the history of science... A remarkable blend of scientific and historical scholarship. Choice 2003 This book illuminates a dark corner of history and science from a unique and well-grounded perspective. By choosing to examine the natural phenomenon of Earth's magnetism within a historical context, A. R. T. Jonkers has found a way to lend both interest and accessibility to what otherwise could be an esoteric topic. Engaging, highly readable, and well written with sound scholarship, Earth's Magnetism in the Age of Sail is a valuable and original contribution to the history of science. Dr. Gregory Good, editor of Earth Sciences History and Director of the West Virginia Cultural Resource Management Certificate Program Jonkers has provided a truly interdisciplinary study that will be accessible to scientists as well as historians. -- Kathy S. Mason History: Reviews of New Books In this ambitious work, the author sets out to rescue from obscurity the thousands of measurements of magnetic declination made by European sailors in the early modern period... The monumental contribution of information and insight brought by this study... will bear fruit well into the future. -- Jordan Kellman International Journal of Maritime History 2005Table of ContentsContents:List of Figures and Tables Acknowledgments Note on Spelling and Other Conventions List of AbbreviationsIntroduction: Merging Geomagnetism and HistoryPART I: Earth's Magnetism 1 The Earth's Magnetic Field 2 The Age of Diversity: Geomagnetism before 1600 3 The Age of Discord: Geomagnetism in the Seventeenth Century 4 The Age of Data: Geomagnetism in the Eighteenth CenturyPART II: In the Age of Sail 5 Traversing the Trackless Oceans 6 Following in Iron Arrow 7 Plotting the Third CoordinateConclusion: Quantifying Geomagnetic NavigationAppendix Chronology of Geomagnetic Hypotheses Notes Essay on Sources Index
£42.75
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Freeranging Cats
Book SynopsisFeral and stray domestic cats occupy many different habitats. They can resist dehydration for months by relying exclusively on the tissue water of their prey allowing them to colonize remote deserts and other inhospitable places. They thrive and reproduce in humid equatorial rainforests and windswept subantarctic islands. In many areas of the world feral cats have driven some species of birds and mammals to extinction and others to the edge, becoming a huge conservation concern. With the control of feral and stray cats now a top conservation priority, biologists are intensifying efforts to understand cat behaviour, reproductive biology, use of space, intraspecies interaction, dietary requirements, prey preferences, and vulnerability to different management strategies. This book provides the most comprehensive review yet published on the behavior, ecology and management of free-ranging domestic cats, whether they be owned, stray, or feral. It reviews management methods and theTrade Review"In this context, a new book published by Wiley, Free-ranging Cats: Behavior, Ecology, Management (by Stephen Spotte), provides a comprehensive and objective insight on the key topics related to the management of feral cats, addressing some fundamental issues for a correct analysis of the problem, including a review of the available information on the species' behavioral, biological and ecological features." (Nature Conservation, 15 December 2014) "The breadth and depth of the book, along with its well thought out points, make it a must have for anyone working on issues related to free-ranging cats. It is a well written and easy to follow book that can easily be referenced for specific topics." (The Journal of Wildlife Management, 2015)Table of ContentsPreface xi Abbreviations and symbols xvii About the companion website xix 1 Dominance 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Dominance defined 1 1.3 Dominance status and dominance hierarchies 6 1.4 Dominance–submissive behavior 10 1.5 Dominance in free-ranging cats 15 2 Space 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Space defined 20 2.3 Diel activity 23 2.4 Dispersal 26 2.5 Inbreeding avoidance 27 2.6 Home-range boundaries 31 2.7 Determinants of home-range size 33 2.8 Habitat selection 41 2.9 Scent-marking 43 3 Interaction 49 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 The asocial domestic cat 49 3.3 Solitary or social? 52 3.4 Cooperative or not? 58 3.5 The kinship dilemma 61 3.6 What it takes to be social 66 4 Reproduction 72 4.1 Introduction 72 4.2 Female reproductive biology 72 4.3 Male reproductive biology 84 4.4 The cat mating system: promiscuity or polygyny? 88 4.5 Female mating behavior 91 4.6 Male mating behavior 93 4.7 Female choice 96 5 Development 98 5.1 Introduction 98 5.2 Intrauterine development 98 5.3 Dens 100 5.4 Parturition 100 5.5 Early maturation 104 5.6 Nursing 108 5.7 Weaning 109 5.8 Survival 111 5.9 Effect of early weaning and separation 113 5.10 Early predatory behavior 114 6 Emulative learning and play 116 6.1 Introduction 116 6.2 Emulative learning 116 6.3 Play 121 6.4 Ontogenesis of play 125 6.5 What is play? 130 7 Nutrition 137 7.1 Introduction 137 7.2 Proximate composition 138 7.3 Proteins 139 7.4 Fats 148 7.5 Carbohydrates 150 7.6 Fiber 155 7.7 Vitamins 156 8 Water balance and energy 158 8.1 Introduction 158 8.2 Water balance 158 8.3 Energy 162 8.4 Energy needs of free-ranging cats 166 8.5 Energy costs of pregnancy and lactation 172 8.6 Obesity 178 9 Foraging 181 9.1 Introduction 181 9.2 Cats as predators 182 9.3 Scavenging 185 9.4 When cats hunt 189 9.5 Food intake of feral cats 189 9.6 How cats detect prey 190 9.7 How cats hunt 200 9.8 What cats hunt 205 9.9 Prey selection 207 9.10 The motivation to hunt 210 10 Management 214 10.1 Introduction 214 10.2 Effect of free-ranging cats on wildlife 215 10.3 Trap–neuter–release (TNR) 224 10.4 Biological control 233 10.5 Poisoning and other eradication methods 237 10.6 Integrated control 241 10.7 Preparation for eradication programs 245 10.8 “Secondary” prey management 247 References 251 Index 293
£63.86
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Introduction to Python in Earth Science Data
Book SynopsisThis textbook introduces the use of Python programming for exploring and modelling data in the field of Earth Sciences. It drives the reader from his very first steps with Python, like setting up the environment and starting writing the first lines of codes, to proficient use in visualizing, analyzing, and modelling data in the field of Earth Science. Each chapter contains explicative examples of code, and each script is commented in detail. The book is minded for very beginners in Python programming, and it can be used in teaching courses at master or PhD levels. Also, Early careers and experienced researchers who would like to start learning Python programming for the solution of geological problems will benefit the reading of the book.Table of ContentsPart I Python for Geologists, a kick-off; 1. Setting Up Your Python Environment, Easily; 2. Python Essentials for a Geologist; 3. Start Solving Geological Problems Using Python; Part II Describing Geological Data; 4. Graphical Visualization of a Geological Dataset; 5. Descriptive Statistics; Part III Integrals and Differential Equations in Geology; 6. Numerical Integration; 7. Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE); 8. Partial Differential Equations (PDE); Part IV Probability Density Functions and Error Analysis; 9. Probability Density Functions and their Use in Geology; 10. Error Analysis; Part V Robust Statistics and Machine Learning; 11. Introduction to Robust Statistics; 12. Machine Learning;
£49.49
Springer International Publishing AG Around the World in 80 Ways: Exploring Our Planet
Book SynopsisAround the World in 80 Ways offers a (sometimes opinionated) discussion of 80 data-driven maps of our planet. Taken together, the maps tell a story about the physical world; about the impact our species is having on the world; and about how people live in the world – or at least how we lived immediately before the emergence of Covid-19. The maps lie. All maps lie. But the origins of the deceptions are explained, the data sources are signposted and referenced, and the readers are shown how to create their own maps using freely available software. The reader is thus armed with the tools needed to explore local, national or world data – on topics ranging from science to society; environment to entertainment; wealth to wellbeing – a valuable skill in an age when certain politicians are happy to refer to “alternative facts” and media outlets deliver data visualizations that sometimes mislead as much as inform.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Mapping the worldChapter 1: The world itself · Earth’s poles · Meteorites · Waterworld · Getting away from it all · The longest straight line over water · The longest you can walk without having to swim · Volcanic eruptions over the past 12,000 years · Earth’s forests · Earth’s chemical elements · Earth’s phosphorus Chapter 2: The world of countries · Countries named after people · Monarchies and republics · Female leaders · National flags that contain the colour red · Passport colours · Driving – left or right? · Capital punishment · Press freedom · Dominance of a capital city · Population density Chapter 3: The world perturbed by people · Carbon dioxide emissions · My short-haul carbon footprint · Busiest airline routes · Renewable electricity output · Nuclear power generation · Trash · Plastic waste · Pesticide use · Mammal species under threat · Night sky brightness Chapter 4: The world of the built environment · Homes at risk of rising sea levels · Lighthouses · World heritage sites · Roman amphitheatres · Skyscrapers · Spaceports · The 500 most powerful supercomputers · Mains frequency · Sharing a McDonald’s · Soccer stadia Chapter 5: The world of thoughts, ideas, and beliefs · The most complex machine ever built · Scientific productivity · Intellectual property · Views on the safety of vaccines · Good at maths? · Literacy · How the world writes · UFO sightings · How the world believes · The happiness of nations Chapter 6: The world of wellbeing · Homicide · Suicide · Obesity in adults · Alcohol consumption · Road traffic deaths · Incidence of malaria · Experience of pain yesterday · How the world dies · The life expectancy gender gap · Life expectancy at birth Chapter 7: The world of sport and leisure · Football World Cup · Foreign players in the Premier League · Summer Olympics · Chess playing strength · Shakespeare’s world · Nobel prize for literature · Going to the movies · Computer games · What the world searches for · Active on social media Chapter 8: The world of economics · Accessing cash · Units of currency · Gold reserves · The indebtedness of nations · Standard of living · Big Apple · International tourism · Military expenditure · Access to electricity · Catching fish Afterword Index
£33.24
National Geographic Society Nature of Nature
Book SynopsisIn this inspiring manifesto, an internationally renowned oceanographer makes the provocative case for why protecting nature makes economic sense. Enric Sala wants to change the world--and in this groundbreaking book, he shows us how. Once we appreciate how nature works, he asserts, we will understand why its preservation is economically practical and essential to our survival. In this highly readable narrative, Sala, director of National Geographic's Pristine Seas project, tells the story of his scientific awakening, the colorful mentors whose work inspired him, and his transition from academic to activism--because, as he put it, he was tired of writing the obituary of the ocean. His revelations are surprising, and sometimes counterintuitive: Lots of sharks are actually the best indicator of a healthy ocean ecosystem, and crop diversity, rather than intensive monoculture farming, is the key to planetary abundance. For decades, Sala has speTrade Review"Natural ecosystems are the most complex, interdependent and carefully balanced machines onEarth and very easy to upend through human intervention, inattention and blindness. Enric Sala’sThe Nature of Nature shows how utterly intertwined we are with nature, and how dependent.He tells a fascinating story and presents a cautionary tale. A must-read." –James Cameron –Filmmaker, engineer, environmentalist, and National Geographic Explorer at Large“Enric Sala’s The Nature of Nature makes a case for protecting our planet that appeals just as strongly to our sense of reason as to our sense of humanity. Building on a lifetime of work exploring harmful human impacts on our ecosystems, he artfully weaves together his experiences as an explorer and scholar to explain how the natural world works. Sala makes the case for environmentalism, as he puts it, to both the brain and the heart. The Nature of Nature highlights the wonders of the wild and makes a beautifully argued and heartfelt case for why we must do all we can to protect them.” —Leonardo DiCaprio, actor & environmentalist “Incisive, impassioned, pragmatic, and compelling, Enric Sala’s beautiful book The Nature of Nature is both a gift of wonders and a call to arms. His observations of how nature works and, crucially, how it sustains human life, provide the clearest argument of all for the world to change its ways.” —Isabella Tree, author of Wilding: The Return of Nature to Our Farm “In The Nature of Nature, Enric Sala surveys records of experiments and academic works on nature to advance an urgent argument for the economic value and moral necessity of preserving our planet’s wild places on land and in the ocean. He is also inspired by the wonder and the miracle that he discovers our planet to be and argues that we are able to recover and safeguard this gift of God—namely, the planet's uniquely distinctive endowment with life—only through our joyful contemplation of the mystery of our planet's being and functioning, as Pope Francis has also observed.” —Cardinal Peter Turkson, Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development, Vatican “The Nature of Nature makes a compelling case for why giving more space to nature is essential to human and economic prosperity. Every leader should read it and apply its insights." —Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum “Enric Sala has a unique ability to explain complicated issues in a simple way. He helps us to understand the world, but also how to act in order to protect it better. Faced with the urgent need to protect our Planet, he provides us with enlightening insights and solutions for action. This book will be of invaluable help to those who refuse to give up." —HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco“Enric Sala writes in clear and highly readable prose about a complex subject, drawing on personal experiences and stories gathered from others. I highly recommend The Nature of Nature for anyone wishing to learn more about the interconnectedness of all living beings, the destructive impact of unsustainable human actions, and how we need to act together to heal the harms we have inflicted. It’s a clear account of the variety and interconnectedness of life forms on Planet Earth—our only home.” —Jane Goodall, PhD, DBE, Founder of the Jane Goodall Institute & UN Messenger of Peace “This is an accessible—indeed a charming—account of how natural systems work; as we are now wrecking those intricate systems at a frightening pace, this could serve as an antidote, reminding us to be far more careful, and far more appreciative.” –Bill McKibben, author of The End of Nature and Falter: Has the Human Game Begun to Play Itself Out?
£20.89
Columbia University Press Topophilia
Book SynopsisTrade ReviewThe book offers a broad framework for the study of man in his environment. Choice What Professor Tuan has achieved in this volume can properly be called a philosophical reflection on the aesthetics of environments...We are fortunate to have researchers such as Professor Tuan. Journal of Aesthetics
£27.00
Legare Street Press Das Das Leben des Erdballs und aller Welten.
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£37.95
W. W. Norton & Company Molecular Biology of the Cell
Book Synopsis
£175.75
Columbia University Press Thinking with Animals
Book SynopsisExplores the how and why of anthropomorphism. This book investigates the changing patterns of anthropomorphism across different time periods and settings, as well as their effects upon animals, humans, and their interactions.Trade ReviewThinking with Animals...will surely join the growing literature on consciousness, animal cognition, and the continuity between human and animal minds. -- Juliet Clutton-Brock Nature Thoughtful and well researched... The interdisciplinary nature of this collection makes it a valuable addition. -- Robert B. Ridinger E-Streams An interesting and elegantly produced book. -- Alan Costall AnthrozoosTable of ContentsPreface Introduction. The How and Why of Thinking with Animals, by Lorraine Daston and Gregg Mitman 1. Zoomorphism in Ancient India: Humans More Bestial Than the Beasts, by Wendy Doniger 2. Intelligences: Angelic, Animal, Human, by Lorraine Daston 3. The Experimental Animal in Victorian Britain, by Paul S. White 4. Comparative Psychology Meets Evolutionary Biology: Morgan's Canon and Cladistic Parsimony, by Elliott Sober 5. Anthropomorphism and Cross-Species Modeling, by Sandra D. Mitchell 6. People in Disguise: Anthropomorphism and the Human-Pet Relationship, by James A. Serpell 7. Digital Beasts as Visual Esperanto: Getty Images and the Colonization of Sight, by Cheryce Kramer 8. Pachyderm Personalities: The Media of Science, Politics, and Conservation, by Gregg Mitman 9. Reflections on Anthropomorphism in The Disenchanted Forest, by Sarita Siegel
£25.20
John Wiley & Sons Inc Environmental Physics
Book Synopsis* An introduction to physics in the context of societal problems as energy, pollution, climate change and finite resources of fossil fuels and uranium. * Emphasis in the book will be on physics, on the concepts and principles that help in understanding the ways to produce energy or to mitigate climate change.Table of Contents Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 A Sustainable Energy Supply 1 1.2 The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change 3 1.3 Light Absorption in Nature as a Source of Energy 4 1.4 The Contribution of Science: Understanding, Modelling and Monitoring 5 Exercises 6 References 6 2 Light and Matter 7 2.1 The Solar Spectrum 7 2.1.1 Radiation from a Black Body 7 2.1.2 Emission Spectrum of the Sun 9 2.2 Interaction of Light with Matter 12 2.2.1 Electric Dipole Moments of Transitions 12 2.2.2 Einstein Coefficients 14 2.2.3 Absorption of a Beam of Light: Lambert-Beer’s Law 16 2.3 Ultraviolet Light and Biomolecules 19 2.3.1 Spectroscopy of Biomolecules 20 2.3.2 Damage to Life from Solar UV 21 2.3.3 The Ozone Filter as Protection 22 Exercises 28 References 28 3 Climate and Climate Change 31 3.1 The Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere 32 3.2 The Radiation Balance and the Greenhouse Effect 36 3.2.1 Simple Changes in the Radiation Balance 39 3.2.2 Radiation Transfer 41 3.2.3 A Simple Analytical Model 44 3.2.4 Radiative Forcing and Global Warming 45 3.2.5 The Greenhouse Gases 48 3.3 Dynamics in the Climate System 51 3.3.1 Horizontal Motion of Air 53 3.3.2 Vertical Motion of Ocean Waters 58 3.3.3 Horizontal Motion of Ocean Waters 59 3.4 Natural Climate Variability 59 3.5 Modelling Human-Induced Climate Change 62 3.5.1 The Carbon Cycle 63 3.5.2 Structure of Climate Modelling 66 3.5.3 Modelling the Atmosphere 67 3.5.4 A Hierarchy of Models 70 3.6 Analyses of IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 70 3.7 Forecasts of Climate Change 70 Exercises 74 References 76 4 Heat Engines 77 4.1 Heat Transfer and Storage 78 4.1.1 Conduction 79 4.1.2 Convection 82 4.1.3 Radiation 82 4.1.4 Phase Change 83 4.1.5 The Solar Collector 84 4.1.6 The Heat Diffusion Equation 87 4.1.7 Heat Storage 90 4.2 Principles of Thermodynamics 91 4.2.1 First and Second Laws 91 4.2.2 Heat and Work; Carnot Efficiency 95 4.2.3 Efficiency of a ‘Real’ Heat Engine 97 4.2.4 Second Law Efficiency 98 4.2.5 Loss of Exergy in Combustion 101 4.3 Idealized Cycles 103 4.3.1 Carnot Cycle 103 4.3.2 Stirling Engine 104 4.3.3 Steam Engine 105 4.3.4 Internal Combustion 107 4.3.5 Refrigeration 110 4.4 Electricity as Energy Carrier 113 4.4.1 Varying Grid Load 114 4.4.2 Co-Generation of Heat and Electricity 115 4.4.3 Storage of Electric Energy 117 4.4.4 Transmission of Electric Power 123 4.5 Pollution from Heat Engines 125 4.5.1 Nitrogen Oxides Nox 125 4.5.2 So2 126 4.5.3 CO and CO2 126 4.5.4 Aerosols 127 4.5.5 Volatile Organic Compounds VOC 128 4.5.6 Thermal Pollution 129 4.5.7 Regulations 129 4.6 The Private Car 129 4.6.1 Power Needs 130 4.6.2 Automobile Fuels 131 4.6.3 Three-Way Catalytic Converter 132 4.6.4 Electric Car 133 4.6.5 Hybrid Car 134 4.7 Economics of Energy Conversion 134 4.7.1 Capital Costs 134 4.7.2 Learning Curve 138 Exercises 138 References 142 5 Renewable Energy 145 5.1 Electricity from the Sun 146 5.1.1 Varying Solar Input 146 5.1.2 Electricity from Solar Heat: Concentrating Solar Power CSP 150 5.1.3 Direct Conversion of Light into Electricity: Photovoltaics PV 152 5.2 Energy from the Wind 159 5.2.1 Betz Limit 160 5.2.2 Aerodynamics 162 5.2.3 Wind Farms 165 5.2.4 Vertical Wind Profile 165 5.2.5 Wind Statistics 167 5.2.6 State of the Art and Outlook 168 5.3 Energy from the Water 169 5.3.1 Power from Dams 169 5.3.2 Power from Flowing Rivers 170 5.3.3 Power from Waves 170 5.3.4 Power from the Tides 174 5.4 Bio Energy 175 5.4.1 Thermodynamics of Bio Energy 175 5.4.2 Stability 180 5.4.3 Solar Efficiency 180 5.4.4 Energy from Biomass 182 5.5 Physics of Photosynthesis 183 5.5.1 Basics of Photosynthesis 184 5.5.2 Light-Harvesting Antennas 185 5.5.3 Energy Transfer Mechanism 187 5.5.4 Charge Separation 190 5.5.5 Flexibility and Disorder 193 5.5.6 Photoprotection 193 5.5.7 Research Directions 195 5.6 Organic Photocells: the Grätzel Cell 196 5.6.1 The Principle 196 5.6.2 Efficiency 199 5.6.3 New Developments and the Future 202 5.6.4 Applications 203 5.7 Bio Solar Energy 203 5.7.1 Comparison of Biology and Technology 204 5.7.2 Legacy Biochemistry 207 5.7.3 Artificial Photosynthesis 209 5.7.4 Solar Fuels with Photosynthetic Microorganisms: Two Research Questions 213 5.7.5 Conclusion 213 Exercises 215 References 217 6 Nuclear Power 221 6.1 Nuclear Fission 222 6.1.1 Principles 222 6.1.2 Four Factor Formula 226 6.1.3 Reactor Equations 229 6.1.4 Stationary Reactor 231 6.1.5 Time Dependence of a Reactor 233 6.1.6 Reactor Safety 234 6.1.7 Nuclear Explosives 237 6.2 Nuclear Fusion 238 6.3 Radiation and Health 244 6.3.1 Definitions 244 6.3.2 Norms on Exposure to Radiation 245 6.3.3 Normal Use of Nuclear Power 247 6.3.4 Radiation from Nuclear Accidents 247 6.3.5 Health Aspects of Fusion 247 6.4 Managing the Fuel Cycle 248 6.4.1 Uranium Mines 249 6.4.2 Enrichment 249 6.4.3 Fuel Burnup 252 6.4.4 Reprocessing 252 6.4.5 Waste Management 253 6.4.6 Nonproliferation 256 6.5 Fourth Generation Nuclear Reactors 257 Exercises 258 References 259 7 Dispersion of Pollutants 261 7.1 Diffusion 262 7.1.1 Diffusion Equation 262 7.1.2 Point Source in Three Dimensions in Uniform Wind 267 7.1.3 Effect of Boundaries 269 7.2 Dispersion in Rivers 270 7.2.1 One-Dimensional Approximation 271 7.2.2 Influence of Turbulence 275 7.2.3 Example: A Calamity Model for the Rhine River 277 7.2.4 Continuous Point Emission 278 7.2.5 Two Numerical Examples 280 7.2.6 Improvements 281 7.2.7 Conclusion 282 7.3 Dispersion in Groundwater 282 7.3.1 Basic Definitions 283 7.3.2 Darcy’s Equations 286 7.3.3 Stationary Applications 290 7.3.4 Dupuit Approximation 295 7.3.5 Simple Flow in a Confined Aquifer 298 7.3.6 Time Dependence in a Confined Aquifer 301 7.3.7 Adsorption and Desorption of Pollutants 302 7.4 Mathematics of Fluid Dynamics 304 7.4.1 Stress Tensor 304 7.4.2 Equations of Motion 308 7.4.3 Newtonian Fluids 309 7.4.4 Navier-Stokes Equation 310 7.4.5 Reynolds Number 311 7.4.6 Turbulence 313 7.5 Gaussian Plumes in the Air 317 7.5.1 Statistical Analysis 319 7.5.2 Continuous Point Source 321 7.5.3 Gaussian Plume from a High Chimney 322 7.5.4 Empirical Determination of the Dispersion Coefficients 323 7.5.5 Semi-Empirical Determination of the Dispersion Parameters 324 7.5.6 Building a Chimney 325 7.6 Turbulent Jets and Plumes 326 7.6.1 Dimensional Analysis 328 7.6.2 Simple Jet 329 7.6.3 Simple Plume 331 Exercises 333 References 334 8 Monitoring with Light 337 8.1 Overview of Spectroscopy 337 8.1.1 Population of Energy Levels and Intensity of Absorption Lines 341 8.1.2 Transition Dipole Moment: Selection Rules 341 8.1.3 Linewidths 342 8.2 Atomic Spectra 345 8.2.1 One-Electron Atoms 345 8.2.2 Many-Electron Atoms 346 8.3 Molecular Spectra 347 8.3.1 Rotational Transitions 347 8.3.2 Vibrational Transitions 349 8.3.3 Electronic Transitions 353 8.4 Scattering 359 8.4.1 Raman Scattering 359 8.4.2 Resonance Raman Scattering 360 8.4.3 Rayleigh Scattering 361 8.4.4 Mie Scattering 362 8.4.5 Scattering in the Atmosphere 362 8.5 Remote Sensing by Satellites 362 8.5.1 ENVISAT Satellite 362 8.5.2 SCIAMACHY’s Operation 362 8.5.3 Analysis 364 8.5.4 Ozone Results 368 8.6 Remote Sensing by Lidar 368 8.6.1 Lidar Equation and DIAL 369 8.6.2 Range-Resolved Cloud and Aerosol Optical Properties 371 Exercises 376 References 377 9 The Context of Society 379 9.1 Using Energy Resources 380 9.1.1 Energy Consumption 380 9.1.2 Energy Consumption and Resources 382 9.1.3 Energy Efficiency 383 9.1.4 Comparing Energy Resources 384 9.1.5 Energy Options 387 9.1.6 Conclusion 388 9.2 Fresh Water 389 9.3 Risks 389 9.3.1 Small Concentrations of Harmful Chemicals 390 9.3.2 Acceptable Risks 392 9.3.3 Small Probability for a Large Harm 393 9.3.4 Dealing with Uncertainties 394 9.4 International Efforts 396 9.4.1 Protection of the Ozone Layer 396 9.4.2 Protection of Climate 396 9.5 Global Environmental Management 398 9.5.1 Self-Organized Criticality 398 9.5.2 Conclusion 401 9.6 Science and Society 401 9.6.1 Nature of Science 401 9.6.2 Control of Science 402 9.6.3 Aims of Science 402 9.6.4 A New Social Contract between Science and Society 404 Exercises and social questions 405 Social questions 405 References 406 Appendix A: Physical and Numerical Constants 409 Appendix B: Vector Algebra 411 Appendix C: Gauss, Delta and Error Functions 419 Appendix D: Experiments in a Student’s Lab 423 Appendix E: Web Sites 425 Appendix F: Omitted Parts of the Second Edition 427 Index 429
£47.45
WW Norton & Co Reconstructing Human Origins
Book SynopsisThe definitive textbook for paleoanthropology courses.Table of ContentsEXTENSIVE, CAREFULLY CHOSEN ART PROGRAMA generous, carefully constructed art program (with figures, tables, and photographs with captions) helps students master this complex material. The art program has been thoroughly updated for the new edition, including new easily accessible reference charts inside the front cover summarizing Plio-Pleistocene stratigraphic information, time scale, and paleomagnetic stratigraphy.
£85.50
Princeton University Press The Worst of Times
Book SynopsisTwo hundred sixty million years ago, life on Earth suffered wave after wave of cataclysmic extinctions, with the worst wiping out nearly every species on the planet. The Worst of Times delves into the mystery behind these extinctions and sheds light on the fateful role the primeval supercontinent, known as Pangea, might have played in causing theseTrade ReviewOne of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2016 "[Wignall] presents a sound examination of an 80-million-year span, which began nearly 260 million years ago, that is considered by scientists to have been the most extreme extinction event in Earth's history... [A] great example of scientific sleuthing."--Publishers Weekly "[An] excellent introduction to the latest thinking about this key period in Earth's history... Wignall's book is enthralling."--Matthew Cobb, New Scientist "In this scholarly but accessible analysis, geologist Wignall explores the perfect storm of cataclysms, plate tectonics and other forces that led to 'The Great Dying'--and the rebound of life in its aftermath."--Gemma Tarlach, Discover magazine "Well written and persuasive."--Choice "Over the 170-odd pages [Wignall] discusses in great yet concise detail the point and counterpoint of large igneous provinces, massiv accumulations of millions of cubic kilometers of igneous rock, and mass extinctions that occurred repetitively and in synchrony from the middle of the Permian to the middle of the Jurassic... A well-researched, thorough, and stimulating volume for anyone looking for a scientific account of this time period and the notable geological and biological events that took place over its course."--William Gearty, Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsILLUSTRATIONS ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi PROLOGUE xv CHAPTER 1 A TIME OF DYING 1 CHAPTER 2 EXTINCTION IN THE SHADOWS 12 CHAPTER 3 THE KILLING SEAS 39 CHAPTER 4 TROUBLED TIMES IN THE TRIASSIC 89 CHAPTER 5 TRIASSIC DOWNFALL 117 CHAPTER 6 PANGEA'S FINAL BLOW 137 CHAPTER 7 PANGEA'S DEATH AND THE RISE OF RESILIENCE 154 NOTES 177 REFERENCES 179 INDEX 191
£23.75
John Wiley and Sons Ltd The Conservation Handbook
Book SynopsisTextbooks on the principles of conservation biology abound. Yet, how does one put this theoretical knowledge into practice? The aim of The Conservation Handbook is to provide clear guidance on the implementation of conservation techniques. The wide range of methods described include those for ecological research, monitoring, planning, education, habitat management and combining conservation with development. Nineteen case studies illustrate how the methods have been applied. The book will be of interest to conservation biology students and practicing conservationists worldwide. For each copy of the book sold, another copy will be sent free to a practicing conservationist outside Western Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand and Japan. Foreword by E. O. Wilson. Concise, practical guide packed full of ideas, methods and advice. Provides solutions for the main conservation pTrade Review"This is an eminently practical publication. [...] The book is packed with useful information ranging from sections on international agreements, campaigning and fund-raising to descriptions of how to age plants and animals. [...] The strong emphasis throughout on integrating conservation with human development is to be welcomed and will do much to enhance the book's appeal overseas, especially in developing countries. [...] this is a very readable, comprehensive text that fills an important niche." Animal Welfare, Nov 2001 "Overall, the book is a very useful handbook for conservationists both in the industrialised countries and especially for those working in developing countries. [...] To conclude, William Sutherland has written a fine and useful book." Jari Niemela, Biodiversity & Conservation "The strong emphasis throughout the book on integrating conservation with human development is welcomed, and will enhance the book's appeal overseas, especially in developing countries." EASA News, August 2003 Table of ContentsForeword. 1. Introduction. 2. Assessing Biodiversity. 3. Setting Conservation Priorities. 4. Monitoring. 5. Ecological Research Techniques. 6. Diagnosis And Prediction. 7. Conservation Planning. 8. Organisational Management And Fund Raising. 9. Education And Ecotourism. 10. Bringing About Political And Policy Changes. 11. Species Management. 12. Habitat Management. 13. Exploitation. 14. Integrating Development And Conservation
£53.15
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Early Earth Systems
Book SynopsisEarly Earth Systems provides a complete history of the Earth from its beginnings to the end of the Archaean. This journey through the Earth''s early history begins with the Earth''s origin, then examines the evolution of the mantle, the origin of the continental crust, the origin and evolution of the Earth''s atmosphere and oceans, and ends with the origin of life. Looks at the evidence for the Earth''s very early differentiation into core, mantle, crust, atmosphere and oceans and how this differentiation saw extreme interactions within the Earth system. Discusses Archaean Earth processes within the framework of the Earth System Science paradigm, providing a qualitative assessment of the principal reservoirs and fluxes in the early Earth. The book would be perfect for a graduate-level or upper level undergraduate course on the early Earth. It will also serve as a great starting point for researchers in solid-Earth geochemistryTrade Review“This is a book for everyone fascinated by a description of the Earth's history in terms of Earth system science.” (Pure and Applied Geophysics) "Hugh Rollinson sets out in his book Early Earth Systems: A Geochemical Approach to summarize what we know (and don’t know) about this enigmatic portion of our planet’s evolution. He does an excellent job of it." (Geological Magazine, November 2008)Table of Contents1. The Earth System. Introduction. The Nature of the Early Geological Record. Archaean Lithological Associations. The Oldest Rocks. How Much do we Really Know About the Early Earth?. 2. The Origin and Differentiation of the Earth. The Origin and Early History of the Universe. Star Formation. The Condensation of the Solar System. Earth Differentiation – the First Earth System. 3. The Evolution of the Earth’s Mantle. Understanding the Mantle. The Earth’s Earliest Mantle. Mantle Models. 4. The Origin of the Continental Crust. Modern Crust Formation – Models and Mechanisms. First Order Constraints on the Origin of the Continental Crust. The Secular Evolution of the Earth’s Continental Crust. Crustal Growth During the Archaean. Crust-Mantle Interactions: Reservoirs and Fluxes. 5. The Origin of the Earth’s Atmosphere and Oceans. The Volatile Budget of the Modern Earth. The Origin of the Earth’s Atmosphere and Oceans. The Nature of the Archaean Atmosphere. The Nature of the Archaean Oceans. 6. The Origin of Life. Setting the Scene for Life. Geochemical Signals of Biological Activity. The Geological Record of Life’s Origins. The Microbial Record of Life’s Origins. In the Beginning…. 7. Postscript. References. Index
£67.46
John Wiley and Sons Ltd An Introduction to Zoo Biology and Management
Book SynopsisThis book is intended as an introductory text for students studying a wide range of courses concerned with animal management, zoo biology and wildlife conservation, and should also be useful to zookeepers and other zoo professionals. It is divided into three parts.Trade Review“Overall, this is an exemplary introductory text, with masses of invaluable supporting information in appendices and a companion website: www.wiley.com/go/rees/zoo. Giant pandas, by the way, get almost fifty mentions in an excellent index.” (British Ecological Society Bulletin, 1 August 2012) Table of ContentsPreface. PART 1 – HISTORY, ORGANISATION AND REGULATION. 1 The Purpose and Popularity of Zoos. 2 Conservation. 3 A Short History of Zoos. 4 Zoo Organisation and Management. 5 Zoo Legislation. 6 Ethics and Zoos. PART 2 – ENCLOSURES, HUSBANDRY AND BEHAVIOUR. 7 Zoo and Exhibit Design. 8 Nutrition and Feeding. 9 Reproductive Biology. 10 Zoo Animal Behaviour, Enrichment and Training.> 11 Animal Welfare and Veterinary Care. PART 3 - CONSERVATION. 12 Collection Planning and Captive Breeding. 13 Record Keeping. 14 Education, Research and Zoo Visitor Behaviour. 15 In-situ Conservation and Reintroductions. Appendix I. Appendix II. Index.
£49.35
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Fire on Earth
Book SynopsisEarth is the only planet known to have fire. The reason is both simple and profound: fire exists because Earth is the only planet to possess life as we know it. Fire is an expression of life on Earth and an index of life s history. Few processes are as integral, unique, or ancient.Trade ReviewThe well-organized and illustrated work can be used as a textbook or a reference source for practitioners. Each chapter has a list of further readings, and each part has its own extensive bibliography. This phenomenal contribution will become a classic reference for five mangers, students of fire ecology and climate, and researchers for years to come. Summing Up: Essential. All levels/libraries." (Choice, 1 October 2014) "Overall, the book provides an excellent, multidisciplinary introduction to fire, authored by leading experts in their fields, written in a very accessible style and supported by superb illustrations and extensive references. Hence, I highly recommend it to potential readers, who may be upper level undergraduate students, graduate students, teaching staff and everyone working, or simply interested, in the area of environmental science." (International Journal of Wildland Fire, 1 August 2014) "Fire and earth scientists, anthropologists, ecologists, resource managers, and especially advanced students in natural sciences will find the text, along with its online resources, a requisite addition to their libraries. Not only is it a pleasure to read, simply put, it sparks the imagination." (Fire Ecology, 1 June 2014) "With wildfire recognised in key government contingency documents, not least for climate change, foresters looking for greater understanding of this future challenge over the coming decades, should look no further." (Chartered Forester, 1 May 2014) "This book is a good example of a multidisciplinary investigation. The writers express the wish that it may stimulate further research into fire processes, both 'natural' and induced by humanity. A book worth reading!." (Geological Journal, 29 April 2014) "Each part has an extensive reference list reflecting the worldwide significance of wildfire and varied scientific approaches: tables, diagrams and colour photographs are abundant, and there is a welcome companion website with a host of useful teaching/demonstration material." (The Biologist 2016) "Fire on Earth would serve as an outstanding basis for a graduate course in fire science and management. It is also a valuable reference that has a place on the bookshelf of any instructor, scientist, or land manager whose work involves the role of fire in terrestrial ecosystems and human civilization." (The Quarterly Review of Biology 2016)Table of ContentsPreface xiii Acknowledgements xv About the Authors xvii About the Companion Website xix PART ONE FIRE IN THE EARTH SYSTEM 1 Preface to part one 2 Chapter 1 What is fire? 3 1.1 How fire starts and initially spreads 3 1.2 Lightning and other ignition sources 4 1.3 The charring process 6 1.4 Pyrolysis products 7 1.5 Fire types 10 1.6 Peat fires 14 1.7 Fire effects on soils 15 1.8 Post-fire erosion-deposition 18 1.9 Fire and vegetation 22 1.10 Fire and climate 26 1.11 Fire triangles 30 1.12 Fire return intervals 30 1.13 How we study fire: satellites 31 1.14 Modelling fire occurrence 38 1.15 Climate forcing 42 1.16 Scales of fire occurrence 44 Further reading 45 Chapter 2 Fire in the fossil record: recognition 47 2.1 Fire proxies: fire scars and charcoal 47 2.2 The problem of nomenclature: black carbon, char, charcoal, soot and elemental carbon 49 2.3 How we study charcoal: microscopical and chemical techniques 51 2.4 Charcoal as an information-rich source 56 2.5 Charcoal reflectance and temperature 56 2.6 Uses of charcoal 58 2.7 Fire intensity/severity 59 2.8 Deep time studies 60 2.9 Pre-requisite for fire: fuel – the evolution of plants 61 2.10 Charcoal in sedimentary systems 62 Further reading 63 Chapter 3 Fire in the fossil record: earth system processes 65 3.1 Fire and oxygen 65 3.2 Fire feedbacks 67 3.3 Systems diagrams 67 3.4 Charcoal as proxy for atmospheric oxygen 69 3.5 Burning experiments – fire spread 69 3.6 Fire and the terrestrial system 70 Further reading 72 Chapter 4 The geological history of fire in deep time: 420 million years to 2 million years ago 73 4.1 Periods of high and low fire, and implications 73 4.2 The first fires 73 4.3 The rise of fire 75 4.4 Fire in the high-oxygen Paleozoic world 77 4.5 Collapse of fire systems 80 4.6 Fire at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary 82 4.7 Jurassic variation 82 4.8 Cretaceous fires 84 4.9 Fire at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-P or K-T) boundary 87 4.10 Paleocene fires 88 4.11 Fires across the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) 88 4.12 Dampening of fire systems 89 4.13 Rise of the grass-fire cycle 89 Further reading 89 Chapter 5 The geological history of fire – the last two million years 91 5.1 Problems of Quaternary fire history 91 5.2 The Paleofire working group: techniques and analysis 93 5.3 Fire and climate cycles 97 5.4 Fire and humans: the fossil evidence 98 5.5 Fire and the industrial society 101 Further reading 101 References for part one 103 PART TWO BIOLOGY OF FIRE 111 Preface to part two 112 Chapter 6 Pyrogeography – temporal and spatial patterns of fire 113 6.1 Fire and life 113 6.2 Global climate, vegetation patterns and fire 113 6.3 Pyrogeography 116 6.4 Fire and the control of biome boundaries 121 6.5 The fire regime concept 125 6.6 Fire ecology 128 6.7 Conclusion 129 Further reading 129 Chapter 7 Plants and fire 131 7.1 Introduction 131 7.2 Fire and plant traits 131 7.3 Fire regimes and the characteristic suite of fire plant traits 137 7.4 Evolution of fire traits 140 7.5 Summary and implications 145 Further reading 145 General reading 146 Chapter 8 Fire and fauna 147 8.1 Direct effects of fire on fauna 147 8.2 The effect of fire regimes on fauna 148 8.3 The landscape mosaic and pyrodiversity 150 8.4 The effect of fauna on fire regimes 152 8.5 Fire and the evolution of fauna 154 8.6 Summary 155 Further reading 155 Chapter 9 Fire as an ecosystem process 157 9.1 Introduction 157 9.2 Fire and erosion 157 9.3 Fire and nutrient cycling 160 9.4 Fire and pedogenesis 163 9.5 Fire and atmospheric chemistry 164 9.6 Fire and climate 165 9.7 Summary 168 Further reading 169 Chapter 10 Fire and anthropogenic environmental change 171 10.1 Introduction 171 10.2 Prehistoric impacts 171 10.3 Prehistoric fire management 174 10.4 Contemporary fire management 176 10.5 Climate change 177 10.6 Fire and carbon management 180 10.7 Fire regime switches: a major challenge for fire ecology 180 10.8 Invasive plants and altered fire regimes 184 10.9 Conclusion 187 Further reading 187 References for part two 189 PART THREE ANTHROPOGENIC FIRE 193 Preface to part three 194 Chapter 11 Fire creature 195 11.1 Early hominins: spark of creation 195 11.2 Aboriginal fire: control over ignition 198 11.3 Cultivated fire: control over combustibles 206 11.4 Ideas and institutions: lore and ritual 220 11.5 Narrative arcs (and equants) 221 Further reading 229 Chapter 12 A new epoch of fire: the anthropocene 231 12.1 The Great Disruption 231 12.2 The pyric transition 232 12.3 Enlightenment and empire 236 12.4 Scaling the transition 238 12.5 After the revolution 245 Further reading 257 Chapter 13 Fire management 259 13.1 Introducing integrated fire management 259 13.2 Two realms: managing the pyric transition 260 13.3 Strategies 261 13.4 Institutions: ordering fire 272 13.5 Ideas: conceptions of fire 277 13.6 Fire management: selected examples 279 Further reading 289 References and further reading for part three 291 PART FOUR THE SCIENCE AND ART OF WILDLAND FIRE BEHAVIOUR PREDICTION 295 Preface to part four 296 Chapter 14 Fundamentals of wildland fire as a physical process 297 14.1 Introduction 297 14.2 The basics of combustion and heat transfer 298 14.3 The wildland fire environment concept 303 14.4 Characterization of wildland fire behaviour 315 14.5 Extreme wildland fire behaviour phenomena 329 14.6 Field methods of measuring and quantifying wildland fire behaviour 336 14.7 Towards increasing our understanding of wildland fire behaviour 337 Further reading 339 Chapter 15 Estimating free-burning wildland fire behaviour 341 15.1 Introduction 341 15.2 A historical sketch of wildland fire behaviour research 342 15.3 Models, systems and guides for predicting wildland fire behaviour 350 15.4 Limitations on the accuracy of model predictions of wildland fire behaviour 359 15.5 The wildland fire behaviour prediction process 363 15.6 Specialized support in assessing wildland fire behaviour 370 15.7 Looking ahead 371 Further reading 372 Chapter 16 Fire management applications of wildland fire behaviour knowledge 373 16.1 Introduction 373 16.2 Wildfire suppression 376 16.3 Wildland firefighter safety 378 16.4 Community wildland fire protection 382 16.5 Fuels management 383 16.6 Prediction of fire effects 388 16.7 Getting on the road towards self-improvement 389 Further reading 390 References for part four 393 Index 405
£44.60
The University of Chicago Press Personalities on the Plate
Book SynopsisIn recent years, scientific advances in our understanding of animal minds have led to major changes in how we think about, and treat, animals in zoos and aquariums. The general public, it seems, is slowly coming to understand that animals like apes, elephants, and dolphins have not just brains, but complicated inner and social lives, and that we need to act accordingly. Yet that realization hasn't yet made its presence felt to any great degree in our most intimate relationship with animals: at the dinner table. Sure, there are vegetarians and vegans all over, but at the same time, meat consumption is up, and meat remains a central part of the culinary and dining experience for the majority of people in the developed world. With Personalities on the Plate, Barbara King asks us to think hard about our meat eating though this isn't a polemic intended to convert readers to veganism. What she is interested in is why we've not drawn food animals into our concern, and, as part of that, just what we do know about the minds and lives of chickens, cows, octopuses, fish, and more. Rooted in the latest science, and built on a mix of firsthand experience (including entomophagy, which, yes, is what you think it is) and close engagement with the work of scientists, farmers, vets, and chefs, Personalities on the Plate is an unforgettable journey through the world of animals we eat. Knowing what we know and what we may yet learn what is the proper ethical stance toward eating meat? What are the consequences for the planet? How can we life an ethically and ecologically sound life through our food choices? We could have no better guide to these fascinatingly thorny questions than King, whose deep empathy embraces human and animal alike. Readers will be moved, provoked, and changed by this powerful book.
£20.90
John Wiley & Sons Inc Geology
Book SynopsisTake a learning journey through billions of years of Earthhistory This indispensable guide to the fundamentals of geology is theideal way to introduce yourself to all the basics, from rocks,minerals, and fossil fuels to earthquakes, volcanoes, and platetectonics. Using quick quizzes and self-tests to reinforce keyconcepts, Geology carefully walks you through billions of years ofEarth history. Illustrated with more than one hundred speciallycommissioned illustrations and fifty photographs that help clarifydifficult concepts, this easy-to-follow book is an interactiveresource for anyone interested in learning more about ourplanet. Whether you are new to geology or want to refresh and update yourknowledge, the proven self-teaching guide approach will allow youto work at your own pace, check your progress, and learn more aboutthis fascinating field of study.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments. A Note to the Reader. Plate Tectonics: A Revolution in Geology. What the Earth Is Made Of. The Rock Record and Geologic Time. Earthquakes and the Inside of the Earth. Volcanoes and Igneous Rocks. Weathering and Erosion. Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks. Metamorphism and Rock Deformation. The Hydrosphere and the Atmosphere. The Record of Life on Earth. Resources from the Earth. Earth Systems and Cycles. Appendix 1: Units and Conversions. Appendix 2: Elements and Their Symbols. Appendix 3: Properties of Some Important Minerals. Appendix 4: Symbols Commonly Used on Geologic Maps. Appendix 5: Some Great Earth Science Web Sites. Index.
£14.39
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Strategies Vegetation Processes and
Book SynopsisProposes the existence of widely-recurring plant functional types with predictable relationships to vegetation structure and dynamics. This title features chapters on Assembling of Communities, Rarification and Extinction, Colonisation and Invasion, Principles and methodologies of a range of international tests including case study examples.Table of ContentsPreface xii Preface to First Edition vii Introduction xix Chapter Summaries xxvii Part I Plant Strategies 1 Chapter 1 Primary Strategies in the Established Phase 3 Chapter 2 Secondary Strategies in the Established Phase 116 Chapter 3 Regenerative Strategies 138 Part II Plant Strategies and Vegetation Process 177 Chapter 4 Dominance 179 Chapter 5 Assembling of Communities 199 Chapter 6 Rarification and Extinction 218 Chapter 7 Colonisation and Invasion 225 Chapter 8 Succession 238 Chapter 9 Co-existence 257 Part III Plant Strategies and Ecosystem Properties 301 Chapter 10 Trophic Structure, Productivity and Stability 303 References 349 Species list 404 Index 410
£80.06
Cambridge University Press Looking Into the Earth
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£52.24
Cambridge University Press New Theory of the Earth
Book SynopsisThis interdisciplinary advanced textbook on the origin, composition, and evolution of Earth's interior provides a complete update of Anderson's Theory of the Earth, including many new sections, figures and tables. This stimulating textbook can be used on a wide range of advanced courses, and is an essential resource for researchers.Trade ReviewFrom reviews of the previous edition, Theory of the Earth: ' … Theory of the Earth is one of the most important books of the decade … Anderson is one of a very small group of scientists who have managed to achieve success in both fields [geophysics and geochemistry], providing a dual experience that makes his book an invaluable survey. Theory of the Earth, then, is in part an extensive summary of our current state of knowledge of the Earth's interior, … drawing on a wide variety of scientific disciplines including not only geophysics and geochemistry but solid-state physics, astronomy, crystallography and thermodynamics. It goes much further than merely summarizing knowledge, however, in that it also attempts to integrate the information from different fields in the spirit of an Earth that itself recognizes no humanly devised disciplinary boundaries. Both as survey and synthesis, Anderson's text, the first in its field, will be of great benefit to students around the world.' Peter J. Smith, Open UniversityFrom reviews of the previous edition, Theory of the Earth: 'Any scientist today who takes on the task of trying to integrate the mass of diverse observations about Earth into a coherent model is courageous. Anderson has attempted to put together data from modern geophysics, geochemistry, isotope systematics, and petrology and, in large part, has succeeded … this book will introduce the advanced student quite well to the tools of observation we have available to us, and to what we know and don't know about the Earth. … Anderson can be congratulated for producing a document that will be a standard taking-off point for many a future graduate seminar.' William S. Fyfe, University of Western OntarioFrom reviews of the previous edition, Theory of the Earth: ' … much to the envy of the rest of us, there are a few people within the Earth-science community who are, well, fairly superhuman. Don Anderson is one of them - as close to being the complete geophysicist/geochemist as anyone is ever likely to be. Theory of the Earth, then, is an extensive summary of practically everything 'known' about the physics, chemistry and physicochemical evolution of the Earth's interior. … Anderson has produced a remarkable synthesis of our present understanding of the Earth's interior.' NatureFrom reviews of the previous edition, Theory of the Earth: 'The appearance of this book is a major event in geoscience literature. It is a comprehensive statement on the Physics and Chemistry of the Earth by one of the great authorities of our time. It will occupy a prominent place on our bookshelves for the rest of our professional lives. When we get into an argument with colleagues or face a fundamental problem that we are unsure about we will reach for it: 'Let's see what Anderson says about that'. … a very valuable book.' Frank Stacey, Physics of the Earth and Planetary InteriorsFrom reviews of the previous edition, Theory of the Earth: ' … as in all good scientific books, there is strong concentration on themes with which Anderson has been closely identified over a number of years. … The scope of the book is most impressive: it will be a constantly useful as a source of information that is otherwise extremely time-consuming to track down.' Joe Cann, The Times Higher Education Supplement'Don Anderson is among one of those rare geoscientists who have wisdom and capability of in-depth criticism, as is evident from this book.' Journal of Sedimentary Research'… the sequencing topics is one of the book's best qualities. … because it is so well written and well conceived, it is suitable either as a graduate level text book or as supplemental reading in an advanced undergraduate course, and because it is so comprehensive, it deserves to be within arm's length of every serious student of earth.' Physics Today'… comprehensive and in-depth … In addition to conventional (highly relevant and up-to-date) references, the added 'googlets' will be of immense help for students and researcher to find many relevant but otherwise inaccessible web documents. The mode of presentation is enjoyable and the illustrations are reader-friendly. This book will definitely motivate new research and I strongly recommend this book for libraries of universities and institutes.' Geologos' … Anderson has written a very amazing book. … many pages bring provocative facts and interpretations, but this is essential for a stimulation of our thinking… Its importance in geosciences may not be less than in other branches of the human knowledge. When its rich content makes this book outstanding, the noted message makes it brilliant.' Paläontologie allgemTable of ContentsPreface; Part I. Planetary Perspective: 1. Origin and early history; 2. Comparative planetology; 3. Building blocks of planets; Part II. Earth: The Dynamic Planet: 4. Outer shells of Earth; 5. Eclogite engine; 6. Shape of the Earth; 7. Convection and complexity; Part III. Radial and Lateral Structure: 8. Let's take it from the top; crust and upper mantle; 9. A laminated lumpy mantle; 10. The bowels of the Earth; 11. Geotomography; heterogeneity of the mantle; Part IV. Sampling Earth: 12. Statistics and other damned lies; 13. Making an Earth; 14. Magmas - windows into the mantle; 15. The hard rock cafe; 16. Noble gas isotopes; 17. The other isotopes; Part V. Mineral Physics: 18. Elasticity and solid state geophysics; 19. Dissipation; 20. Anisotropy; fabric of the mantle; 21. Nonelastic and transport properties; 22. Squeezing; phase changes and mantle mineralogy; Part VI. Origin and Evolution of Layers and Blobs: 23. The upper mantle; 24. The nature and cause of mantle heterogeneity; 25. Crystallization of the mantle; Part VII. Energetics: 26. Terrestrial heat flow; 27. Thermal history; Appendix; Index.
£64.59
CRC Press Unsaturated Soil Mechanics in Geotechnical Practice
Book SynopsisThere are other books on unsaturated soil mechanics, but this book is different. Unsaturated soil mechanics is only one aspect of a continuous range of soil mechanics studies that extends from the rheology of high water content soil slurries to the mechanics of soft soils, to stiff saturated soils, to unsaturated soils, and, at the far end of the range, to dry soils.In reality, the water content of all soils, that are not permanently submerged, varies seasonally. In most climatic zones, rainfall varies during the year and the depth of the water table varies sympathetically. In applying unsaturated soil mechanics in practice, it is therefore important to realise and allow for the probability that soil will, either seasonally or occasionally, pass from the unsaturated to the saturated state and even from unsaturation to dryness. This is the only book that looks specifically at this essential practical aspect.The theory of unsaturated soils is fully dealt with in all of its aspTable of Contents1. Historical Review of the Development of Unsaturated Soil Mechanics 2. Determining Effective Stresses in Unsaturated Soils 3. Measuring and Controlling Suction 4. Interactions between the Atmosphere and the Earth's Surface: Conservative Interactions- Infiltration, Evaporation and Water Storage 5. Interactions between the Atmosphere and the Earth's Surface: Destructive Interactions- Water and Wind Erosion, Piping Erosion 6. The Mechanics of Compaction 7. Steady and Unsteady Flow of Water and Air through Soils- Permeability of Unsaturated and Saturated Soils 8. Compressibility, Settlement and Heave of Unsaturated Soils 9. Measurements of the Strenght of Unsaturated Soil
£96.99
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Periglacial Geomorphology
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgement xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Periglacial Concept: Definitions and Scope 1 1.2 The Periglacial Realm 5 1.3 The Development of Periglacial Geomorphology 5 1.4 Periglacial Geomorphology: The Quaternary Context 7 2 Periglacial Environments 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Periglacial Climates 11 2.3 Soils in Periglacial Environments 17 2.4 Vegetation Cover in Periglacial Environments 18 2.5 Synthesis 20 3 Ground Freezing and Thawing 23 3.1 Introduction 23 3.2 Ground Heating and Cooling 23 3.3 Soil Freezing 28 3.4 Ice Segregation in Freezing Soils 32 3.5 Thaw Consolidation 37 3.6 Synthesis 38 4 Permafrost 39 4.1 Introduction 39 4.2 Permafrost Thermal Regime 40 4.3 Classification of Permafrost 43 4.4 Detection, Mapping and Modelling of Permafrost 44 4.5 Permafrost Distribution 46 4.6 Permafrost–glacier Interactions 53 4.7 The Geomorphic Importance of Permafrost 54 5 Ground Ice and Cryostratigraphy 57 5.1 Introduction 57 5.2 Genetic Classification of Ground Ice 57 5.3 Description of Ground Ice 62 5.4 Ice Contacts 66 5.5 Cryostratigraphy 67 5.6 The Transition Zone 69 5.7 Massive Ground Ice 72 5.8 Yedoma 76 6 Thermal Contraction Cracking: Ice Wedges and Related Landforms 81 6.1 Introduction 81 6.2 Thermal Contraction Cracking and Polygon Evolution 81 6.3 Ice Veins and Ice Wedges 84 6.4 Ice]wedge Polygons 87 6.5 Sand Veins and Sand Wedges 89 6.6 Composite Veins and Composite Wedges 90 6.7 Sand]wedge Polygons 90 6.8 Frost Cracking of Seasonally Frozen Ground 91 6.9 Thaw Modification of Frost Wedges 91 6.10 Frost]Wedge Pseudomorphs and Frost Polygons in Areas of Past Permafrost 92 7 Pingos, Palsas and other Frost Mounds 97 7.1 Introduction 97 7.2 Characteristics of Pingos 97 7.3 Hydrostatic Pingos 99 7.4 Hydraulic Pingos 101 7.5 Pingo Problems and Problem Pingos 104 7.6 Segregation Ice Mounds: Palsas, Lithalsas and Related Landforms 105 7.7 Palsas 106 7.8 Peat Plateaus 109 7.9 Lithalsas 109 7.10 Permafrost Plateaus 111 7.11 Other Permafrost Mounds 111 7.12 Ephemeral Frost Mounds 112 7.13 Relict Permafrost Mounds 113 8 Thermokarst 117 8.1 Introduction 117 8.2 Thermokarst Lakes and Drained Lake Basins 118 8.3 Thermokarst Pits, Bogs and Fens 131 8.4 Retrogressive Thaw Slumps 132 8.5 Small]scale Thermokarst Features: Beaded Streams, Sinkholes and Thermokarst Gullies 136 8.6 Sediment Structures associated with Thermokarst 138 8.7 Relict Thermokarst Phenomena 139 9 Seasonally Frozen Ground Phenomena 143 9.1 Introduction 143 9.2 Upfreezing of Clasts 143 9.3 Frost Heave of Bedrock 145 9.4 Patterned Ground: The Embroidery on the Landscape 145 9.5 Patterned Ground Processes 147 9.6 Sorted Patterned Ground 148 9.7 Nonsorted Patterned Ground 155 9.8 Cryoturbations 161 9.9 Pedogenic Effects of Freezing and Thawing 164 9.10 Fragipans 166 9.11 Synthesis 167 10 Rock Weathering and Associated Landforms 169 10.1 Introduction 169 10.2 Physical Weathering Processes 169 10.3 Chemical Weathering Processes 177 10.4 Biotic Weathering Processes 180 10.5 Weathering Processes in Periglacial Environments 180 10.6 Cold]climate Karst 181 10.7 Tors 182 10.8 Blockfields and Related Periglacial Regolith Covers 185 10.9 Brecciated Bedrocks 192 11 Periglacial Mass Movement and Hillslope Evolution 195 11.1 Introduction 195 11.2 Solifluction Processes 195 11.3 Solifluction Landforms 204 11.4 Pleistocene Solifluction Landforms and Slope Deposits 210 11.5 Active]layer Failures 213 11.6 Permafrost Creep 215 11.7 Nivation 217 11.8 Cryoplanation 220 11.9 Slope Form and Slope Evolution 222 12 Talus Slopes and Related Landforms 225 12.1 Introduction 225 12.2 Rockfall Talus 225 12.3 The Geomorphic Role of Snow Avalanches 234 12.4 Debris]flow Activity 237 12.5 Rock Glaciers 240 12.6 Pronival (Protalus) Ramparts 248 12.7 Synthesis 250 13 Fluvial Processes and Landforms 253 13.1 Introduction 253 13.2 Periglacial Hydrology 253 13.3 Slopewash 259 13.4 Slushflows 261 13.5 Sediment Transport in Periglacial Rivers 261 13.6 Bank and Channel Erosion 263 13.7 River Channels 266 13.8 Alluvial Landforms in Periglacial Environments 268 13.9 Valley Form 270 13.10 Pleistocene Periglacial Rivers 271 13.11 Synthesis 273 14 Wind Action 275 14.1 Introduction 275 14.2 Aeolian Processes 275 14.3 Wind Erosion in Present Periglacial Environments 276 14.4 Aeolian Deposits in Present Periglacial Environments 279 14.5 Quaternary Aeolian Deposits 288 14.6 Synthesis 297 15 Periglacial Coasts 299 15.1 Introduction 299 15.2 The Nature of Periglacial Coasts 299 15.3 The Role of Ice in Shoreline Evolution 301 15.4 Ice]rich Permafrost Coasts 303 15.5 Thermokarst Coasts 305 15.6 Barrier Coasts 306 15.7 Salt Marshes and Tidal Flats 308 15.8 Rock Coasts 308 15.9 Raised and Inherited Shorelines 309 15.10 Lake Shorelines 310 15.11 Synthesis 311 16 Past Periglacial Environments 313 16.1 Introduction 313 16.2 Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction Based on Periglacial Features 314 16.3 Past Periglacial Environments of the British Isles 322 16.4 Pre]Late Devensian Periglacial Features in the British Isles 323 16.5 The Dimlington Stade in the British Isles 325 16.6 The Younger Dryas (Loch Lomond) Stade in the British Isles 329 16.7 Past Periglacial Environments of the British Isles: Commentary 332 16.8 Late Weichselian Periglacial Environments in Continental Europe 332 16.9 Late Wisconsinan Periglacial Environments in North America 341 16.10 Permafrost Extent in the Northern Hemisphere During the Last Glacial Stage 344 16.11 Concluding Comments 346 17 Climate Change and Periglacial Environments 349 17.1 Introduction 349 17.2 Permafrost Degradation 352 17.3 Geomorphological Implications of Climate Change in the Circumpolar North 356 17.4 Geomorphological Implications of Climate Change in High Mountain Environments 363 17.5 Climate Change, Permafrost Degradation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions 369 17.6 Conclusion 371 Appendix: Text Abbreviations, Units and Symbols Employed in Equations 373 References 375 Index 441
£63.60
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Soil Erosion and Conservation
Book SynopsisSoil Erosion and Conservation provides a comprehensive treatment of the processes of soil erosion, the methods that can be used for their control, and the issues involved in designing and implementing soil conservation programmes. Features of the third edition of this internationally recognised textbook include: New material on gully erosion, tillage practices, erosion risk assessment, use of erosion models, incentives for farmers and land users, and community approaches to erosion control Updated sections on the mechanics of wind erosion, soil erodibility, use of vegetation in erosion control, traditional soil conservation measures, socio-economic issues and the role of government Describes the methods used to assess the risk of erosion and predict rates of soil loss Outlines the social, economic, political and institutional constraints on implementing soil protection measures Trade Review"Overall, this is a well written and logically structured book that will be of great value to advanced undergraduate and graduate students studying soil erosion issues." Teaching Earth Sciences "...a key text in its field providing us with considerable substance to understand and teach this topic." TENews, 14 June 2005 "...builds on the success of the two previous successful editions. These have long been the mainstay for students of soil erosion and conservation. The Book states, 'a thorough understanding of the processes of erosion and their controlling factors is a prerequisite for designing erosion control measures on a sound scientific basis wherever they are needed. The aim of producing a text with a global perspective on research and practice is also retained"...) The book does admirably achieve its mission and is written in a clear and comprehensible style." European Society for Soil Conservation Newsletter, August 2005 "...an...admirable text built on the author's 35 years of research and teaching. The book is intended for both undergraduates and postgraduates studying soil erosion and conservation as parts of courses in agriculture, engineering and various branches of geography and environmental science. It is likely also to remain a valuable companion for them as they move into professional roles as conservation officers, civil and agricultural engineers and environmental consultants the world over. If you fall into any of these classess then buy it...I strongly recommend it." European Journal of Soil Science, November 2005 "The book is clearly organized and well-written...The material helps both students and practitioners to learn and enhance their knowledge on erosion control and soil conservation practice...this is a fine book that can only be recommended further." Environmental Geology, June 2006 "The third edition of this internationally recognized textbook will be invaluable to upper-level and graduate students." Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment "Professor Roy Morgan's third edition of Soil Erosion and Conservation is an authoritative, well-researched and accessible contribution to the study of soil erosion and its control." Environmental Conservation Table of ContentsForeword vii Preface ix 1 Soil erosion: the global context 1 Box 1. Erosion, population and food supply 9 2 Processes and mechanics of erosion 11 Box 2. Initiation of soil particle movement 42 3 Factors influencing erosion 45 Box 3. Scale and erosion processes 65 4 Erosion hazard assessment 67 Box 4. Upscaling detailed field surveys to national surveys 93 5 Measurement of soil erosion 95 Box 5. Sediment budgets 113 6 Modelling soil erosion 116 Box 6. Uncertainty in model predictions 149 7 Strategies for erosion control 152 Box 7. Planning a soil conservation strategy 172 8 Crop and vegetation management 175 Box 8. Selecting vegetation for erosion control 197 9 Soil management 200 Box 9. Tillage erosion 210 10 Mechanical methods of erosion control 212 Box 10. Laying out terraces and waterways 241 11 Implementation 244 Box 11. Land Care 254 12 The way ahead 257 References 262 Acknowledgements 297 Index 299
£63.60
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Applied Concepts in Fractured Reservoirs
Book SynopsisA much-needed, precise and practical treatment of a key topic in the energy industry and beyond, Applied Concepts in Fractured Reservoirs is an invaluable reference for those in both industry and academia Authored by renowned experts in the field, this book covers the understanding, evaluation, and effects of fractures in reservoirs. It offers a comprehensive yet practical discussion and description of natural fractures, their origins, characteristics, and effects on hydrocarbon reservoirs. It starts by introducing the reader to basic definitions and classifications of fractures and fractured reservoirs. It then provides an outline for fractured-reservoir characterization and analysis, and goes on to introduce the way fractures impact operational activities. Well organized and clearly illustrated throughout, Applied Concepts in Fractured Reservoirs starts with a section on understanding natural fractures. It looks at the different types, their dimensions, and the mechanics of fractuTable of ContentsForeword xi Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv Introduction xvii Part 1 Understanding Natural Fractures: Fracture Types, Dimensions, and Origin 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Nomenclature and Fracture-Classification Systems 1 1.2.1 Introduction 1 1.2.2 Other Classification Systems 3 1.2.3 Classifications for Fractures in Outcrops and Cores 4 1.2.4 Expulsion Fractures and Natural Hydraulic Fractures 5 1.2.5 Other Fracture Terminology 5 1.2.6 Sets, Systems, Domains, and Systematic Fractures 7 1.3 Fracture Characteristics and Dimensions 8 1.3.1 Introduction 8 1.3.2 Fracture Distribution Patterns 8 1.3.3 Fractography 10 1.3.4 Fracture Dip Angles 13 1.3.5 Fracture Distributions 13 1.3.6 Fracture Heights and Terminations 16 1.3.7 Fracture Lengths 18 1.3.8 Fracture Widths, Apertures, and Mineralization 19 1.3.9 Fracture Spacing 22 1.3.10 Fracture Strike 27 1.3.10.1 Fracture Orientations Relative to the In Situ Stresses 28 1.3.11 Discussion 28 1.4 The Mechanics of Fracturing Rock in Extension and Shear 29 1.4.1 Introduction 29 1.4.2 Origins of Geologic Stress Systems 31 1.4.2.1 Stresses in a Tectonically Quiescent Basin 31 1.4.2.2 Other Potential Sources of Horizontally Isotropic Stress 32 1.4.2.3 Stresses in a Tectonically Active Basin 32 1.4.3 Rock Susceptibility to Fracture: Basic Concepts 35 1.4.3.1 Introduction 35 1.4.3.2 Intrinsic Controls on Fracture Susceptibility 38 1.4.3.3 Extrinsic Controls on Fracture Susceptibility 39 1.4.3.4 How Rock Breaks: Grain-Scale Cracking, Yield, and Failure 41 1.4.3.5 Extrapolation to the Subsurface 43 1.4.4 Interplay Between Developing Fractures and the In Situ Stresses 44 1.4.5 The Importance of Pore Pressure 45 1.4.5.1 Introduction 45 1.4.5.2 The Relationship between Pore Pressure and Stress 45 1.4.5.3 Biot’s Coefficient 47 1.4.5.4 Mohr Diagrams and Pore Pressure 47 1.4.5.5 Pore Pressure Makes Rock Weak and Brittle 47 1.4.5.6 Sources of Pore Pressure 50 1.4.5.7 Alternate Theories 51 1.4.6 Summary 52 1.5 Other Fracture Types 53 1.5.1 Introduction 53 1.5.2 Deformation-Band Shear Fractures, Compaction Bands, and Dilation Bands 53 1.5.2.1 General Characteristics 53 1.5.2.2 Dimensions and Distributions 53 1.5.2.3 Origin 54 1.5.3 Faults and Fractures 55 1.5.4 Microfractures 56 1.5.5 Stylolites and Associated Extension Fractures 59 1.5.6 Bed-Parallel Shear Fractures 59 1.5.7 Beef-Filled Fractures 62 1.5.8 Ptygmatically Folded Fractures 63 1.5.9 Alteration of Fracture Systems by Dissolution 64 Appendix 1.A The Relationship Between Pore Pressure and the In Situ Effective Stresses 66 Introduction 66 Vertical Stress 67 Horizontal Stress 67 Effective Vertical Stress 67 Effective Horizontal Stress 68 Stress Differential 68 Part 2 Measuring and Analyzing Fractures in Reservoirs 71 2.1 Introduction 71 2.1.1 Reasons to Take Core 72 2.1.2 Analyses 73 2.1.3 Fracture Data Sources 73 2.1.4 Quantitative vs. Semi-Quantitative Data 73 2.1.5 Timing of a Fracture Study 73 2.1.6 Need for Experience 74 2.1.7 Other Data Sources 74 2.2 Planning a Core Program for Fracture Analysis 74 2.2.1 Introduction 74 2.2.2 Core Diameter and Length 74 2.2.3 Substituting Sidewall Core Samples 74 2.2.4 Orienting a Core 74 2.2.5 Drilling Parameters 75 2.2.6 Trip Time for Core Recovery 75 2.2.7 Collecting Data on Site 75 2.2.8 Running an Image Log 76 2.2.9 Back-to-Back Cores 76 2.2.10 On-Site Processing 76 2.2.11 CT Scans 77 2.2.12 Removing Core from the Barrel 77 2.2.13 Core-Jam Prevention Measures 77 2.2.14 Maximizing and Documenting Core Continuity 77 2.2.15 Slabbing Protocol 77 2.2.16 Scheduling Fracture Logging and other Core Processes 78 2.3 Logging Core for Fractures 78 2.3.1 Wash the Core! 78 2.3.2 Use all the Core and Remove it from the Core Boxes 79 2.3.3 Laying Out Intervals of Core for Fracture Logging 79 2.3.4 Core-Logging Toolkit 80 2.3.5 Recording Data 81 2.3.6 Making and Using a Master Orientation Line 82 2.3.7 Differentiating Natural from Induced Fractures 83 2.4 Taking, Measuring and Analyzing Fracture Data 84 2.4.1 Fracture Type 84 2.4.2 Fracture Depths: Intensity and Density 86 2.4.3 Fracture Dip Angles 88 2.4.3.1 Measuring Dip Angles 88 2.4.3.2 Using Dip Angles 89 2.4.4 Fracture Distributions 90 2.4.5 Fracture Heights and Terminations 91 2.4.6 Fracture Widths, Apertures, and Mineralization 94 2.4.7 Fracture Spacings 98 2.4.7.1 Spacings from Horizontal Core 99 2.4.7.2 Spacings from Vertical Core 103 2.4.7.3 Converting Vertical Observations to Horizontal Fracture Spacings 103 2.4.7.4 Spacings of Inclined and Shear Fractures 105 2.4.7.5 Uses of Spacings 105 2.4.8 Measuring and Using Fracture Strikes 105 2.4.8.1 Measuring Fracture Strikes in Vertical Core 106 2.4.8.2 Measuring Fracture Strikes in Deviated or Horizontal Cores 109 2.5 New Core vs. Archived Core 110 2.6 Oriented Core 112 2.6.1 Other Ways of Orienting a Core 116 2.7 Using CT Scans 118 2.8 Fracture Data from Image Logs 119 2.9 Comparing Fracture Data from Outcrops, Core, and Logs 122 2.9.1 Introduction 122 2.9.2 Large-Scale Outcrop Studies 123 2.9.3 Local Outcrop Studies 123 2.9.3.1 Raton Basin 123 2.9.3.2 Rifle Gap 125 2.9.3.3 San Ysidro 127 2.10 Fracture Data from 3D Seismic Surveys 128 2.11 Fracture Data Acquired by LiDAR 130 2.12 Fracture Data from Engineering Tests 132 2.13 Case Studies in Estimating Fracture Effectiveness from Core 133 2.13.1 Introduction 133 2.13.2 Case Study 1: Archived Vertical, Unoriented Core 133 2.13.3 Case Study 2: New, Un-Slabbed Horizontal Core 134 2.13.3.1 Introduction 134 2.13.3.2 Fracture Effectiveness 137 2.13.3.3 System Effectiveness and Permeability Anisotropy 137 2.13.4 Case Study 3: New, Slabbed, Vertical Core 139 2.13.4.1 Introduction 139 2.13.4.2 Calculating Effectiveness 139 2.13.4.3 Description of the High-Angle Extension Fractures 141 Appendix 2.A Workflow and List of Tests, Data 144 Appendix 2.B Core-Handling, Marking, Sampling, and Analysis Protocol for Core Studies Focused on Natural Fractures 144 Appendix 2.C Slabbing Recommendations for Horizontal Core 146 Part 3 Effects of Natural Fractures on Reservoirs 149 3.1 Introduction 149 3.2 Classification 149 3.3 The Permeability Behavior of Individual Fractures 150 3.3.1 Introduction 150 3.3.2 Three Categories of Fracture Effects 150 3.3.3 Stylolites 154 3.3.4 Microfractures 154 3.4 The Effects of Fracture Systems 156 3.4.1 Introduction 156 3.4.2 Fracture-Controlled Permeability Anisotropy 157 3.4.2.1 Case Study: The Midale Field 157 3.4.2.2 Case Study: The Rulison Field 158 3.4.2.3 Case Study: The Spraberry Formation 158 3.4.3 Fracture-Controlled Sweet Spots 162 3.5 The Sensitivity of Fracture Permeability to Changing Stress 164 3.5.1 Stress-Sensitive Extension Fractures 164 3.5.1.1 Case Study: The Bulo Bulo Field 167 3.5.2 Stress-Sensitive Shear Fractures 169 3.5.3 Damage Due to Production-Related Scale 171 3.6 Fracture Volumetrics 172 3.6.1 Introduction 172 3.6.2 Fracture Volume/Fracture Porosity 173 3.6.3 Fracture Permeability 174 3.6.4 Transfer Function 176 3.6.5 Fracture Surface Areas 176 3.7 Effects of Fractures on Drilling and Coring 177 3.8 Completions: The Interaction Between Natural and Hydraulic Fractures 178 3.8.1 Early Conceptual Models 178 3.8.2 Direct Evidence of the Characteristics of Hydraulic Fractures 179 3.8.3 The Developing Hydraulic-Fracture Model 182 3.8.4 Nuclear Stimulations 184 References 187 Index 205
£100.65
John Wiley & Sons Inc Coastal Environments and Global Change
Book SynopsisThe coastal zone is one of the most dynamic environments on our planet and is much affected by global change, especially sea-level rise. Coastal environments harbour valuable ecosystems, but they are also hugely important from a societal point of view.Trade Review“On balance, this book is a useful compilation of the driving forces acting on coasts followed by the geomorphological description of almost all coastal environments. Geography and geomorphology graduate students will find the book to be good background.” (Geologica Belgica, 1 October 2015)Table of ContentsContributors, viii About the Companion Website, ix 1 Introduction to Coastal Environments and Global Change, 1Gerd Masselink and Roland Gehrels 1.1 Setting the scene, 1 1.2 Coastal morphodynamics, 5 1.3 Climate change, 13 1.4 Modelling coastal change, 18 1.5 Summary, 24 Key publications, 25 References, 25 2 Sea Level, 28Glenn A. Milne 2.1 Introduction, 28 2.2 Quaternary sea-level change, 34 2.3 Recent and future sea-level change, 42 2.4 Summary, 49 Key publications, 50 Acknowledgements, 50 References, 50 3 Environmental Control: Geology and Sediments, 52Edward J. Anthony 3.1 Geology and sediments: setting boundary conditions for coasts, 52 3.2 Geology and coasts, 54 3.3 Sediments and coasts, 62 3.4 Human impacts on sediment supply to coasts, 75 3.5 Climate change, geology and sediments, 75 3.6 Summary, 76 Key publications, 77 References, 77 4 Drivers: Waves and Tides, 79Daniel C. Conley 4.1 Physical drivers of the coastal environment, 79 4.2 Waves, 79 4.3 Tides, 96 4.4 Summary, 102 Key publications, 102 References, 103 5 Coastal Hazards: Storms and Tsunamis, 104Adam D. Switzer 5.1 Coastal hazards, 104 5.2 Extratropical storms and tropical cyclones, 108 5.3 Tsunamis, 114 5.4 Overwash, 118 5.5 Palaeostudies of coastal hazards, 121 5.6 Integrating hazard studies with coastal planning, 123 5.7 Cyclones in a warmer world, 125 5.8 Summary, 126 Key publications, 126 References, 126 6 Coastal Groundwater, 128William P. Anderson, Jr. 6.1 Introduction, 128 6.2 The subterranean estuary, 129 6.3 Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), 133 6.4 Controls on SGD variability, 134 6.5 Human influences, 142 6.6 Influence of global climate change, 146 6.7 Summary, 147 Key publications, 148 References, 148 7 Beaches, 149Gerben Ruessink and Roshanka Ranasinghe 7.1 Introduction, 149 7.2 Nearshore hydrodynamics, 153 7.3 Surf-zone morphology, 158 7.4 Anthropogenic activities, 167 7.5 Climate change, 171 7.6 Summary, 175 Key publications, 175 References, 176 8 Coastal Dunes, 178Karl F. Nordstrom 8.1 Conditions for dune formation, 178 8.2 Dunes as habitat, 183 8.3 Dunes in developed areas, 183 8.4 Dune restoration and management, 186 8.5 Effects of future climate change, 190 8.6 Summary, 192 Key publications, 192 References, 192 9 Barrier Systems, 194Sytze van Heteren 9.1 Definition and description of barriers and barrier systems, 194 9.2 Classification, 195 9.3 Barrier sub-environments, 202 9.4 Theories on barrier formation, 203 9.5 Modes of barrier behaviour, 203 9.6 Drivers in barrier development and behaviour, 206 9.7 Barrier sequences as archives of barrier behaviour, 219 9.8 Lessons from numerical and conceptual models, 219 9.9 Coastal-zone management and global change, 221 9.10 Future perspectives, 221 9.11 Summary, 223 Key publications, 224 References, 225 10 Tidal Flats and Salt Marshes, 227Kerrylee Rogers and Colin D. Woodroffe 10.1 Introduction, 227 10.2 Tidal flats, 227 10.3 Salt marshes, 235 10.4 Human influences, 245 10.5 Summary, 247 Key publications, 248 References, 248 11 Mangrove Shorelines, 251Colin D. Woodroffe, Catherine E. Lovelock and Kerrylee Rogers 11.1 Introduction, 251 11.2 Mangrove adaptation in relation to climate zones, 251 11.3 Mangrove biogeography, 253 11.4 Zonation and succession, 253 11.5 Geomorphological setting and ecosystem functioning, 256 11.6 Sedimentation and morphodynamic feedback, 256 11.7 Mangrove response to sea-level change, 260 11.8 Human influences, 261 11.9 Impact of future climate and sea-level change, 263 11.10 Summary, 264 Key publications, 265 References, 265 12 Estuaries and Tidal Inlets, 268Duncan FitzGerald, Ioannis Georgiou and Michael Miner 12.1 Introduction, 268 12.2 Estuaries, 269 12.3 Tidal inlets, 278 12.4 Summary, 296 References, 296 13 Deltas, 299Edward J. Anthony 13.1 Deltas: definition, context and environment, 299 13.2 Delta sub-environments, 305 13.3 The morphodynamic classification of river deltas, 306 13.4 Sediment trapping processes in deltas and coastal sediment redistribution, 318 13.5 Delta initiation, development and destruction, 322 13.6 Syn-sedimentary deformation in deltas and ancient deltaic deposits, 327 13.7 Deltas, human impacts, climate change and sea-level rise, 328 13.8 Summary, 335 Key publications, 335 References, 335 14 High-Latitude Coasts, 338Aart Kroon 14.1 Introduction to high-latitude coasts, 338 14.2 Ice-related coastal processes, 340 14.3 Terrestrial ice in coastal environments, 342 14.4 Coastal geomorphology and coastal responses, 343 14.5 Relative sea-level change, 348 14.6 Climate change predictions and impacts for high-latitude coasts, 349 14.7 Future perspectives, 351 14.8 Summary, 353 Key publications, 353 References, 353 15 Rock Coasts, 356Wayne Stephenson 15.1 Introduction, 356 15.2 Geology and lithology, 357 15.3 Processes acting on rock coasts, 359 15.4 Rock coast landforms, 367 15.5 Towards a morphodynamic model for rock coasts, 372 15.6 Impacts of climate change on rock coasts, 375 15.7 Summary, 378 Key publications, 378 References, 378 16 Coral Reefs, 380Paul Kench 16.1 Coral reefs in context, 380 16.2 Coral reefs and their geomorphic complexity, 381 16.3 Coral reef development, 388 16.4 Reef island formation and morphodynamics, 392 16.5 Management in reef environments, 397 16.6 Future trajectories of coral reef landforms, 401 16.7 Summary, 406 Key publications, 407 References, 407 17 Coping with Coastal Change, 410Robert J. Nicholls, Marcel J.F. Stive and Richard S.J. Tol 17.1 Introduction, 410 17.2 Drivers of coastal change and variability, 411 17.3 Coastal change and resulting impacts, 416 17.4 Impacts of coastal change since 1900, 418 17.5 Future impacts of coastal change, 419 17.6 Responding to coastal change, 420 17.7 Concluding thoughts, 428 17.8 Summary, 428 Key publications, 429 References, 429 Geographical Index, 432 Subject Index, 436
£88.03
McGraw-Hill Education ISE The Good Earth Introduction to Earth Science
Book SynopsisThe Good Earth is the product of collaboration between the content rigor provided by Earth Science specialists and the results of research on learning. The Good Earth has been explicitly designed to be compatible with active learning teaching strategies in the college classroom. The structural elements of this text will allow the instructor to incorporate these student-centered teaching methods into their Earth Science course. The authors have tested the book's content and pedagogy in large Earth Science classes for non-majors that are populated with mostly freshmen. Their experiences show that the materials and methods in The Good Earth can improve students' learning, increase daily attendance, reduce attrition, and increase students' enthusiasm in comparison with classes taught following a traditional lecture format. Table of Contents1) Introduction to Earth Science2) Earth in Science3) Near-Earth Objects4) Plate Tectonics5) Earthquakes6) Volcanoes and Mountains7) Rocks and Minerals8) Geologic Time9) Weathering and Soils10) Landslides and Slope Failure11) Streams and Floods12) Groundwater and Wetlands13) Oceans and Coastlines14) The Atomosphere15) Weather Systems16) Earth's Climate System17) Global ChangeAppendix A – Conversion FactorsAppendix B – The Periodic Table of ElementsAppendix C – Answers to Selected Checkpoint Questions
£56.04
Taylor & Francis Ltd Remote Sensing Applications in Environmental and Earth System Sciences
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£43.69
The University of Chicago Press What Kind of Ancestor Do You Want to Be
Book SynopsisTrade Review"Consisting of a stunning array of essays, poems, and interviews, this collection makes the case that the actions and perspectives of a single person can have a ripple effect across generations of people and nature. . . . Recommended for readers interested in environmentalism, anthropology, sociology, history, philosophy, and Indigenous peoples in the United States." * Library Journal *"A wonderfully unclassifiable book, What Kind of Ancestor Do You Want to Be? challenges us to live not just for tomorrow, or for our children, but for many generations in the future. Featuring interviews with and essays by thinkers from across social disciplines—anthropologists, environmental activists, Indigenous leaders, sociologists, and more." * Book Culture Blog *"This compendium of poems, essays, and dialogues contains the voices of a range of writers and speakers from widely disparate cultures, traditions, and ethnicities, speaking out as they grapple with this question. The question itself causes one to pause, containing, as it does, an implicit instruction to consider one’s own ancestors and their/our relationship with the future. Who were they and what has their impact been upon ourselves and the world? How should or might we, ourselves, carry their influence into the future, while adding the work of our own lives to that stream?" * Resilience.org *"This volume edited by Hausdoerffer, Hecht, Nelson, and Cummings incorporates the work of 47 contributors addressing the urgent and central concern of establishing spiritual, social, and ecological continuity in this uncertain age. Employing diverse textual strategies and genres, including essays, ethnographic interviews, and poems, these authors are intent on communicating the understanding and reactions of indigenous people to the problem of providing guidance to future generations. Arguing that the world is currently in the throes of an ecological, economic, and political crisis, this study invites readers to seek essential new wisdom by exploring the traditional wisdom of indigenous ancestors, so as to embrace the role of "ancestor" in the present. . . .Highly recommended." * Choice *“What Kind of Ancestor Do You Want to Be? explores the challenge of climate disruption and ecological disaster through poems, essays and interviews. By offering diverse responses from a worldly selection of multicultural voices, the book provokes examination and inspiration. At the same time, the collection delivers no easy answers. Instead, the responses are personal and detailed, thick with values and reflection." * Gunnison Country Times *“What Kind of Ancestor Do You Want to Be? captures the deep dialogue, continuity, and resonance Indigenous peoples feel and espouse for ancestors, ourselves, our children—with a view for the now and for our very uncertain future. And yet, its audience is at once Indigenous and Universal. Weaving poetry, narrative, interview, essay, and spirit, it is a unique, landmark tapestry. Utterly timely and profoundly urgent.” -- Gregory Cajete, author of "Native Science: Natural Laws of Interdependence"“The questions this book raises are of such staggering importance and relevance today. I cried. I laughed. I smiled. Many reading moments, beautiful or tragic or just deeply human, are difficult to forget.” -- Jeffrey J. Kripal, author of "The Flip: Epiphanies of Mind and the Future of Knowledge"Table of ContentsIntroduction Poem: Unsigned Letter to a Human in the 21st Century Jamaal MayI. Embedded: Our ancestral responsibility is deeply rooted in a multigenerational relationship to place. a. Poem: Great Granddaddy Taiyon Coleman b. Essays: i. Ancestor of Fire Aaron A. Abeyta ii. Grounded Aubrey Streit Krug iii. My Home / It’s Called the Darkest Wild Sean Prentiss c. Interview: Wendell Berry Leah Bayens d. Poem: To the Children of the 21st Century Frances H. KakugawaII. Reckoning: Reckoning with ancestors causing and ancestors enduring historical trauma. a. Poem: Forgiveness? Shannon Gibney b. Essays: i. Sister’s Stories Eryn Wise ii. Of Land and Legacy Lindsay Lunsford iii. Cheddar Man Brooke Williams iv. Formidable Kathleen Dean Moore c. Interview: Caleen Sisk Brooke Parry Hecht and Toby McLeod d. Poem: Promises, Promises Frances H. KakugawaIII. Healing: Enhancing some ancestral cycles while breaking others. a. Poem: To Future Kin Brian Calvert b. Essays: i. Moving with the Rhythm of Life Katherine Kassouf Cummings ii. (A Korowai) For When You Are Lost Manea Sweeney iii. To Hope of Becoming Ancestors Princess Daazhraii Johnson and Julianne Warren c. Interview: Camille T. Dungy and Crystal Williams d. Poem: Yes I Will Frances H. KakugawaIV. Interwoven: Our descendants will know the kind of ancestor we are by reading the lands and waters where we lived. a. Poem: Alive in This Century Leora Gansworth b. Essays: i. What Is Your Rice? John Hausdoerffer ii. Restoring Indigenous Mindfulness within the Commons of Human Consciousness Jack Loeffler iii. Reading Records with Estella Leopold Curt Meine iv. How to Be Better Ancestors Winona LaDuke c. Interview: Wes Jackson John Hausdoerffer and Julianne Lutz Warren d. Poem: Omoiyare Frances H. KakugawaV. Earthly: Other-than-human beings are our ancestors, too. a. Poem: LEAF Elizabeth Herron b. Essays: i. The City Bleeds Out (Reflections on Lake Michigan) Gavin Van Horn ii. I Want the Earth to Know Me as a Friend Enrique Salmón iii. The Apple Tree Peter Forbes iv. Humus Catroina Sandilands v. Building Good Soil Robin Kimmerer c. Interview: Vandana Shiva John Hausdoerffer d. Poem: Your Inheritance Frances H. KakugawaVI. Seventh Fire a. Poem: Time Traveler Lyla June Johnston b. Essays: i. Seeds Native Youth Guardians of the Waters 2017 Participants and Nicola Wagenberg ii. Onëö’ (Word for Corn in Seneca) Kaylena Bray iii. Landing Oscar Guttierez iv. Regenerative Melissa K. Nelson v. Nourishing Rowen White vi. Light Rachel Wolfgramm and Chellie Spiller c. Interview: Ilarion Merculieff Brooke Parry Hecht d. Poem: Lost in the Milky Way Linda Hogan Acknowledgments Notes About the Contributors Index
£24.00
CRC Press Geochemistry Groundwater and Pollution
Building on the success of its 1993 predecessor, this second edition of Geochemistry, Groundwater and Pollution has been thoroughly re-written, updated and extended to provide a complete and authoritative account of modern hydrogeochemistry.Offering a quantitative approach to the study of groundwater quality and the interaction of water, minerals, gases, pollutants and microbes, this book shows how physical and chemical theory can be applied to explain observed water qualities and variations over space and time. Integral to the presentation, geochemical modelling using PHREEQC code is demonstrated, with step-by-step instructions for calculating and simulating field and laboratory data. Numerous figures and tables illustrate the theory, while worked examples including calculations and theoretical explanations assist the reader in gaining a deeper understanding of the concepts involved. A crucial read for students of hydrogeology, geochemistry and civil engineer
£58.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd The Perception of Risk
Book SynopsisThe concept of risk is an outgrowth of our society's great concern about coping with the dangers of modern life. The Perception of Risk brings together the work of Paul Slovic, one of the world's leading analysts of risk, risk perception and risk management, to examine the gap between expert views of risk and public perceptions. Ordered chronologically, it allows the reader to see the evolution of our understanding of such perceptions, from early studies identifying public misconceptions of risk to recent work that recognizes the importance and legitimacy of equity, trust, power and other value-laden issues underlying public concern.Trade Review'An illuminating and important book [that] covers a great deal of ground.' Harvard Law Review. 'Slovic brings fresh insights on how others think of 'risk'. Risk Management Reports 'An invaluable collection of articles for those seeking an in-depth analysis of risk perceptions.' Food, Nutrition and Agriculture 'Everyone, whether a fan of the (extended) psychometric paradigm or not, will like to have in its own library this book as a handy reference.' Journal of Socio-Economics 'superb...I hope Paul Slovic is already working on a sequel that will fill in the few remaining blanks in his brilliant career.' Jason Zweig, Journal of Psychology and Financial Markets, 2001. 'Superior' Torbjorn Malmfors, Amazon. 'Paul Slovic is a prolific and persuasive contributor to the literature on risk, with a well-defined perspective, which has informed an incremental and solid output of research and publication.' Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 'Essentially academic, but very relevant for anyone interested in taking risk seriously' Long Range PlanningTable of ContentsDecision Processes, Rationality and Adjustment to Natural Hazards * Cognitive Processes and Societal Risk Taking * Preference for Insuring Against Probable Small Losses: Insurance Implications * Accident Probabilities and Seat Belt Usage: A Psychological Perspective * How Safe Is Safe Enough? A Psychometric Study of Attitudes Toward Technological Risks and Benefits * Rating the Risks * Weighing the Risks: Which Risks are Acceptable? * Facts and Fears: Understanding Perceived Risk * Response Mode, Framing and Information-processing Effects in Risk Assessment * The Nature of Technological Hazard * Informing and Educating the Public about Risk * Perception of Risk from Automobile Safety Defects * Perception of Risk * The Social Amplification of Risk: A Conceptual Framework * The Perception and Management of Therapeutic Risk * Perception of Risk from Radiation * Perceived Risk, Trust and the Politics of Nuclear Waste * Intuitive Toxicology: Expert and Lay Judgments of Chemical Risks * Perceived Risk, Trust and Democracy * Adolescent Health-threatening and Health-enhancing Behaviors: A Study of Word Association and Imagery * Technological Stigma * Probability, Danger and Coercion: A Study of Risk Perception and Decision-making in Mental Health Law * Do Adolescent Smokers Know the Risks? * Insensitivity to the Value of a Human Life: A Study of Psychophysical Numbing * Trust, Emotion, Sex, Politics and Science: Surveying the Risk-assessment Battlefield * The Affect Heuristic in Judgments of Risks and Benefits*
£36.99
Saraband Extraction to Extinction: Rethinking our
Book SynopsisEverything we use started life in the earth, as a rock or a mineral vein, a layer of an ancient seabed, or the remains of a long-extinct volcano. Humanity’s ability to fashion nature to its own ends is by no means a new phenomenon. Silica-rich rocks have been flint-knapped by Stone Age people, transformed into stained glass in medieval times, and made into silicon chips for computers in the Digital Age. Our trick of turning rocks rich in malachite and chalcopyrite into copper has taken us from Bronze Age Minoan vases to the wiring that powers modern-day machinery. Today, we mine, quarry, pump, cut, blast and crush the Earth’s resources at an unprecedented rate. We shift many times more rock, soil and sediment each year than the world’s rivers and glaciers, wind and rain combined. Plastics alone now weigh twice as much as all the marine and terrestrial animals around the globe. We have become a dominant, even dangerous, force on the planet. In EXTRACTION TO EXTINCTION, David Howe traces our environmental impact through time to unearth how our obsession with endlessly producing and throwing away more and more stuff has pushed the planet to its limit. And he considers the question: what does the future look like for our depleted world?Trade Review“A lyrical and questing narrative of how humans have used and abused natural resources down the ages … long-brewed technical knowledge combined with an easy story-teller’s acumen, fluency and wisdom.” -- Michael Leeder, Professor Emeritus at UEA Norwich and author of the recent Measures for Measure: Geology and the Industrial Revolution (Dunedin)'A great book that does a fantastic job of weaving together geology, social science, and history into a really engaging read.' -- Geoscientist magazineTable of ContentsRocks and Resources; Concentrate; Bricks, Pots and Ceramics; Copper; Iron and Steel; Concrete; Glass; Aluminium; Plastics; Lithium, Rare Earths and the Information Age; Pollution and the Wounded Planet; Coal, Oil and Climate Change; The Anthropocene; References; Acknowledgements; Index
£9.49
Transcript Verlag Living with Wolves
Book SynopsisWith their return to Germany, wolves leave their traces in personal feelings, in the atmospheres of rural landscapes and even in the sentiments and moods that govern political arenas. Thorsten Gieser explores the role of affects, emotions, moods and atmospheres in the emerging coexistence between humans and wolves. Bridging the gap between anthropology and ethology, the author literally walks in the tracks of wolves to follow their affective agency in a more-than-human society. In nuanced analyses, he shows how wolves move, irritate and excite us, offering answers to the primary question: What does it feel like to coexist with these large predators?
£999.99
Columbia University Press Animal Ethics in Context
Book SynopsisTrade ReviewThis book deserves significant attention... Recommended. Choice The author offers the most careful treatment available of our moral obligations specifically to animals in the wild. -- Jason Zinser Quarterly Review of Biology It makes an original and important contribution to the philosophical literature on animal ethics and would make an excellent textbook for an introductory philosophy course in animal ethics, as it introduces readers to a range of theories, problems, and arguments as well as developing the author's own thought-provoking position. -- Chloe Taylor Journal for Critical Animal StudiesTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction 1. Animals' Capacities and Moral Status 2. Capacity-Oriented Accounts of Animal Ethics 3. Capacities, Contexts, and Relations 4. Wildness, Domestication, and the Laissez-faire Intuition 5. Developing a New, Relational Approach 6. Past Harms and Special Obligations 7. Some Problems and Questions 8. Puzzling Through Some Cases Conclusion Works Cited Index
£22.50
Cambridge University Press An Introduction to the EarthLife System
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£102.60
Cambridge University Press Continuum Mechanics in the Earth Sciences
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£55.09
Cambridge University Press An Introduction to the EarthLife System
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£999.99
Cambridge University Press Measuring Global Temperatures
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£111.15
British Geological Survey Geology of the Selby District
Book Synopsis
£10.42
British Geological Survey Geology of the FaroeShetland Basin and Adjacent
Book Synopsis
£999.99
University of Alberta Press The PeaceAthabasca Delta
Book SynopsisTimely ecology of the Peace-Athabasca Deltaâhome of wildlife, indigenous cultures, and Albertaâs oil sands.Trade Review"As Dr. Timoney makes perfectly clear in this beautifully written and illustrated book, the Peace-Athabasca Delta is a world treasure. The author has written a book based on scientific evidence, and he has done so with passion. This is an important book that should be read by scientists, naturalists, and anyone who is concerned about the environmental degradation of our planet." John P. Smol, OC, PhD, FRSC, Department of Biology, Queen's University"This book systematically brings together significant contributions by scientists and non-scientists-such as trappers, fishermen, wardens, naturalists-and incorporates substantial field observations by the author and colleagues. Hence, the 'portrait' is an amazing synthesis of the combined efforts of hundreds of people. Nothing else like it exists." George H. La Roi, Emeritus Professor of Plant Ecology and Vegetation Science, University of Alberta"Kevin P. Timoney...has given us a rich portrait that, like all great works, feels stirringly true and proves deeply troubling at the same time. To say this book is timely and relevant would be an understatement.... Those looking for sensationalism, or expecting bleakness, won't find any here. This book is an attempt to reach out to all sides and improve the quality of the conversation.... Dealing in facts, and free of any alienating rhetoric, the details in the book accumulate like sediment, culminating in a reading experience that is new, complex and potentially life-changing." Brenda Schmidt, October 28, 2013 [Full review at http://bit.ly/1b6XBcF]"Like the delta, this book of [Timoney's] is a jewel.... [It] provides a clear understanding of the region, its history, ecology and issues and in doing so Timoney has set a standard for books of this nature.... [Peace-Athabasca Delta] provides a blueprint in terms of the type of information we need and how to best present it to allow us to make better, informed decisions." Rob Alexander, Rocky Mountain Outlook [Full review at http://bit.ly/1bZAopB]"An environmental researcher in Sherwood Park, Alberta, Timoney profiles the delta that has developed where the Peace River empties into Lake Athabasca in northern Alberta, characterizing it as a wetland jewel within one of the largest unfragmented landscapes in North America. He discusses the delta as a physical and biological system, processes of change, the history of environmental change, human activity, and the future. Among specific topics are physical environment and landforms, fauna and wildlife, climate and climate change, the natural and historical records of change, human history before the 20th century, and human effects on the delta region. Color maps and other illustrations abound." 2013 Book News Inc."The judges were unanimous in their love of the elegant, understated cover of this book, the most 'honest' in the group. The design shows restraint and modesty in the service of functionality, which is a smart choice for such complex material.""This large and comprehensive work provides a detailed view of the Peace-Athabasca delta in Canada, one of the largest inland deltas of the world.... Because of its length (it is almost 600 pages), it is difficult in a short review to do justice to this detailed and engaging work.... According to the author, the book is a synthesis of what is known about the delta, an environmental history, a reference book, and a field guide. It is all of these. The book is intended for a wide audience including natural scientists; those involved in the management, health, and policy of natural systems; naturalists; engineers in government and non-governmental organizations; and students and teachers of ecological and environmental studies. The book...should be of interest to ecologists and environmental scientists generally as a compendium of information on one of the more important wetland ecosystems of the world." [DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-46.3.699] -- John W. Day * Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research *Like much of northern Canada, the Peace-Athabasca Delta is little known, little studied, but a fascinating and significant place... Kevin Timoney’s magnum opus attempts to synthesize a career dedicated to the Delta into a book that is 'an environmental history, a reference book, and a field guide' (p. 10). It largely succeeds in this endeavour, and it is gorgeous with a generous number of glossy maps and photos... [T]his book manages the unusual feat of being useful for lay readers and ... academics..." [Full article at doi: 10.1093/envhis/emv185] -- Troy Vettese * Environmental History *"The book provides a broad overview of everything in the Peace-Athabasca Delta from the plant and animal life in the wetland, to the changes it has seen environmentally and physically, to the effect humanity has had on the area." * The Sherwood Park-Strathcona County News *Table of ContentsForeword ix 1 | Introduction 1 A | The Delta as a Physical and Biological System 2 | The Delta’s Physical Environment and Landforms 15 3 | Natural History Flora and Vegetation 57 4 | Natural History Fauna and Wildlife 119 B | Processes of Change in the Delta 5 | Climate and Climate Change Principles and Processes 149 6 | Physical and Hydrological Processes of Change 167 C | History of Environmental Changes in the Delta 7 | The Natural Record of Change in the Delta 203 8 | The Historic Record of Change in the Delta 227 D | Human Activity in the Delta 9 | Human History Prior to the 20th Century 291 10 | Human History After 1900 315 11 | Human Effects Upon the Delta Region 361 E | The Future 12 | The Future 441 Acknowledgements 455 References 459
£114.74
Cambridge University Press Floods in a Changing Climate
Book SynopsisFlood risk management is presented in this book as a framework for identifying, assessing and prioritizing climate-related risks and developing appropriate adaptation responses. Rigorous assessment is employed to determine the available probabilistic and fuzzy set-based analytic tools, when each is appropriate and how to apply them to practical problems. Academic researchers in the fields of hydrology, climate change, environmental science and policy and risk assessment, and professionals and policy-makers working in hazard mitigation, water resources engineering and environmental economics, will find this an invaluable resource. This volume is the fourth in a collection of four books on flood disaster management theory and practice within the context of anthropogenic climate change. The others are: Floods in a Changing Climate: Extreme Precipitation by Ramesh Teegavarapu, Floods in a Changing Climate: Hydrologic Modeling by P. P. Mujumdar and D. Nagesh Kumar and Floods in a Changing CTable of ContentsForewords; Preface; Acknowledgements; Glossary; List of acronyms; Part I. Setting the Stage: 1. Flood risk management; 2. Climate change and risk of flooding; 3. Risk management as adaptation to climate change; Part II. Flood Risk Management - Probabilistic Approach: 4. Risk management - probabilistic approach; Part III. Flood Risk Management - Fuzzy Set Approach: 5. Risk management - fuzzy set approach; Part IV. Future Perspectives: 6. Future perspectives; References; Index.
£999.99
Cambridge University Press Spatial Analysis of Coastal Environments
Book SynopsisAt the convergence of the land and sea, coastal environments are some of the most dynamic and populated places on Earth. This book explains how the many varied forms of spatial analysis, including mapping, monitoring and modelling, can be applied to a range of coastal environments such as estuaries, mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs. Presenting empirical geographical approaches to modelling, which draw on recent developments in remote sensing technology, geographical information science and spatial statistics, it provides the analytical tools to map, monitor and explain or predict coastal features. With detailed case studies and accompanying online practical exercises, it is an ideal resource for undergraduate courses in spatial science. Taking a broad view of spatial analysis and covering basic and advanced analytical areas such as spatial data and geostatistics, it is also a useful reference for ecologists, geomorphologists, geographers and modellers interested in understandinTrade Review'I wish this book had been around when I was a student! It ticks all the boxes: the primary focus on spatial analysis and interrogation of geospatial data is essential for sound, sustainable and evidence-based decision-making, and will give invaluable practical skills to students and practitioners alike; while the adoption of landscape ecology as the underpinning conceptual framework emphasises the need for joined-up, holistic and ultimately spatially-determined thinking in coastal science and management. The author shows a deep understanding of her subject matter, and her enthusiasm for, and love of, the coast stands out. Even the more complex ideas and methods are explained clearly and in an easily accessible, student-friendly manner. Although written for students of the coast, many of the concepts and methods introduced here will be readily transferrable to other areas of Earth Science specialism where geospatial expertise is needed.' Darius Bartlett, University College Cork, Ireland'Spatial Analysis of Coastal Environments is a rare and overdue resource that provides a comprehensive overview as well an introduction to an array of important spatial analytical techniques and issues. Students and professionals new to coastal geographic information systems (GIS) will find the introductory coverage of data sources, mapping principles and analysis techniques easily accessible. Experienced researchers, coastal managers and planners, and instructors will take value from the coverage of advanced techniques such as geostatistics, modelling, and characterising uncertainty. The book is richly and usefully illustrated with both conceptual and case study maps and graphics. I expect this book to fill an important void and, through its readers, further expand the scientific and practical application of GIS to coastal environments.' Thomas R. Allen, Old Dominion University, Virginia'It should become essential reading for students of coastal environments, demonstrating how spatial analysis methods, together with geographic information systems (GIS), can enrich and bring new insights to the study of this important field.' Robert Haining, University of Cambridge'The text is accessible and well-written, and the chapters are well-structured. … I believe that the strongest selling point of this book is that Hamylton covers critical concepts that are all too often disregarded in other publications. The author does not present spatial analysis as a panacea and acknowledges the limitations of the approaches that are presented. … In conclusion, I would recommend Spatial Analysis of Coastal Environment for its scope and breadth (i.e., basic geographical analyses, mapping, monitoring, and explanatory and predictive modeling), well-defined terminology, multidisciplinary perspective, and treatment of concepts like spatial scale, data quality, and communication.' Vincent Lecours, Frontiers of BiogeographyTable of ContentsForeword; Preface; 1. The application of spatial analysis to coastal environments; 2. The nature of spatial data; 3. Basic geographical analysis with spatial information in coastal environments; 4. Mapping coastal environments; 5. Monitoring coastal environments; 6. Geostatistical analysis of coastal environments; 7. Modelling coastal environments; 8. Addressing uncertainty in the spatial analysis of coastal environments; 9. Communicating and incorporating the results of spatial analysis successfully; Glossary; References; Index.
£49.39
Cambridge University Press Radiative Transfer in the Atmosphere and Ocean
Book SynopsisThis new and completely updated edition offers valuable, practical approaches to radiative transfer for students and researchers. It provides a basic understanding of the role of radiation in climate and climate change and teaches how to use radiative transfer tools to analyze data from ground-based, airborne and satellite sensors.Table of Contents1. Basic properties of radiation, atmospheres, and oceans; 2. Basic state variables and the radiative transfer equation; 3. Basic scattering processes; 4. Absorption by solid, aqueous, and gaseous media; 5. Principles of radiative transfer; 6. Formulation of radiative transfer problems; 7. Approximation solutions of prototype problems; 8. The role of radiation in climate; 9. Accurate numerical solutions of prototype problems; 10. Shortwave radiative transfer in the atmosphere and ocean; Appendix A. Nomenclature: glossary of symbols; Appendix B. Physical constants; Appendix C. Ocean optics nomenclature; Appendix D. Reflectance and transmittance at an interface; References; Index; Online appendices: Appendix E. A primer on absorption and scattering opacity; Appendix F. Elementary concepts; Appendix G. Derivation of the Planck radiation law; Appendix H. The two-level atom; Appendix I. Non-gray inhomogeneous media; Appendix J. Reciprocity for the bidirectional reflectance; Appendix K. Harmonic electromagnetic plane waves; Appendix L. Representations of polarized light; Appendix M. Spherical shell geometry; Appendix N. The streaming term in spherical geometry; Appendix O. Isolation of the Azimuth-dependence; Appendix P. Scaling transformation for anisotropic scattering; Appendix Q. Reciprocity, duality, and effects of surface reflection; Appendix R. Probabilistic aspects of radiative transfer; Appendix S. Details and derivations; Appendix T. Inherent optical properties; Appendix U. Model atmospheres.
£89.29
Cambridge University Press The Earth
Book SynopsisA clear understanding of the Earth''s past evolution can provide the key to its possible future development. The Earth: Its Birth and Growth explores the evolution of the Earth over 4.6 billion years using basic reasoning and simple illustrations to help explain the underlying physical and chemical principles and major processes involved. Fully updated and revised, this rigorous but accessible second edition includes three completely new chapters. It incorporates exciting developments in isotope geology, placing results within a wider framework of Earth evolution and plate tectonics. Some background in physics and chemistry is assumed, but basic theories and processes are explained concisely in self-contained sections. Key research papers and review articles are fully referenced. This book is ideal as supplementary reading for undergraduate and graduate students in isotope geochemistry, geodynamics, plate tectonics and planetary science. It also provides an enjoyable overview of Earth'Trade Review"Excellent black-and-white illustrations support the text...this book is accessible to general readers...recommended." - L.S Zipp, CHOICE, December 2012“…the text which manages to explain the complex theories in an exceptionally clear and concise but enthusiastic manner, making the book a fantastic starting point for the subject. This book equips the reader with all the basic knowledge required to start their foray into the Earth sciences.” – Natalie Starkey, The Open University, Contemporary Physics, April 2013Table of ContentsPreface to the second edition; Preface to the first edition; 1. Heat from within: energy supporting the dynamic Earth; 2. At the time of Earth's birth; 3. Formation of the layered structure of Earth; 4. Time scale of Earth's evolution; 5. Plate tectonics evolution; 6. Evolution of the mantle; 7. Origin of the atmosphere and oceans; 8. Isotopes as DNA of nature; 9. Earth's magnetism; 10. Moon: a looking glass to mirror the ancient Earth; 11. The past and future of the evolving Earth; References; Index.
£35.14
