Earth Sciences, Geography & Environment Books

Book SynopsisThe time-dependent decay of naturally occurring radioactive isotopes or in-growth of their radioactive or stable daughter products form the basis of radiometric dating of several natural processes. Developed in the beginning of the last century mainly to determine the absolute ages of rocks and minerals, radiometric chronology now plays a central role in a broad range of Earth and planetary sciences - from extra-solar-system processes to environmental geoscience. With the prerequisite of only college-level knowledge in physics, chemistry and mathematics, this concise book focuses on the essential principles of radiometric dating in order to enable students and teachers belonging to diverse fields of studies to select, understand and interpret radiometric dating results generated and published by professionals.Trade Review'Well organized, beginning with the basic physics (nuclear structure, radioactivity, nucleosynthesis) then proceeding to how geochronometry actually works, including technical details of mass spectrometry and error analysis, then tackling the ways in which various isotope systems have been used to help understand the history of the earth and the solar system.' Doug Macdougall, Emeritus Professor of Earth Science, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego'The book is, in my opinion, well organized. The subject matter is vast. I like the way in which the author has presented the physical fundamentals in the early chapters, then the applications to the evolution of the earth and other parts of the solar system later.' Marion E. Bickford, Professor Emeritus, Syracuse University, New York'From what I have seen in the chapters, the book is well presented and I personally and many others in the field would welcome it.' Sir Robert Keith O'Nions, Former President and Rector of Imperial College London'Gopalan wanted to produce a concise book for nonspecialist students and researchers. The book focuses on the basic concepts and principles of isotope dating. I have carefully read all the nine chapters. Undoubtedly, it is a valuable addition to the existing literature. … Gopalan is a physicist by training, so his writing is pretty accurate and precise.' Bor-Ming Jahn, Former Distinguished Chair Professor for Research, Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan Unviersity'An invaluable, affordable, handy text for the student and researcher and a welcome addition to the existing literature and more so which can be readily used as basic teaching material at the graduate-level by teachers at Universities teaching diverse subjects like planetary science, petrology, geochemistry and paleoclimate, to name a few, who could also develop it creatively for use as an advanced text for their individualistically-styled teaching needs.' Ravikant Vadlamani, Journal of the Geological Society of India'Many texts on this subject tend to avoid the details and just present an equation that should be followed without explanation. At least here, Gopalan makes a good approach to explaining the why as well as the how. … In all, it's a nice book. It fits easily on the shelf and is a good reference to the basic materials. I understand this book will eventually also be available in electronic form, which will make it more accessible to today's web-connected student.' A. J. Timothy Jull, Meteoritics & Planetary ScienceTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; 1. Basics; 2. Nuclear transformations; 3. Nucleosynthesis; 4. Isotopics; 5. Radioactivity and radiometric dating; 6. Mass spectrometry in isotope geochemistry; 7. Error analysis; 8. Meteorites: link between cosmo- and geochemistry; 9. Chronology of meteorite history; 10. Chemical evolution of the Earth; 11. Chronology of Earth history; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWhilst the science of conservation biology is thriving as a discipline, ultimately global conservation is failing. Why, when the majority of people say they value nature and its protection? David Johns argues that the loss of species and healthy ecosystems is best understood as human imposition of a colonial relationship on the non-human world - one of exploitation and domination. Global institutions benefit from transforming nature into commodities, and conservation is a low priority. This book places political issues at the forefront, and tackles critical questions of conservation efficacy. It considers the role of effective influence on decision making, key policy changes to reduce human footprint, and the centrality of culture in mobilising support. It draws on political lessons from successful social movements, including human anti-colonial struggles, to provide conservation biologists and practitioners in scientific and social science disciplines and NGOs with the tools and widerTrade Review'Bruce Babbit, when he was Secretary of the Interior, was fond of saying to conservationists, 'Don't expect me to do the right thing, make me do it'. Conservationists made impressive strides after Rachel Carson's 'Silent Spring', by relying on passion and persuasion, but little progress has been made since the 1970s, as corporate opposition has coalesced into a powerful counter-movement. Meanwhile, with shrinking opportunities for habitat protection and the looming specter of climate change, the need for further progress is greater than ever. David Johns, a political scientist with a deep interest in popular movements, makes the case that conservation will only return to the forefront of the nation's agenda when citizens mobilize into a vigorous movement with the energy to elect advocates to positions of political power. His new book offers deep insights into how to achieve this goal.' John W. Terborgh, Duke University, North Carolina'The scientific case has been made. Poets have spoken with deep feeling. Now comes the hard part. In this well-written and very timely book, David Johns lays out the practical, political steps required to save the rest of life on Earth, and ultimately ourselves.' Edward O. Wilson, Harvard University, Massachusetts'We the people must accept that any conservation activity of worth must be a political act. This is a simple but not a small idea. The insults foisted upon Mother Earth are so pervasive, that nothing less than the world's greatest collective action will suffice as redress. Politics is the only scheme that can organize and advance such action. David Johns writes clearly to this end from the hard ground of history and science. His book is a call to arms to use politics to promote peace, prosperity, and justice for all life. Let's hope that we the people heed the call. Every future depends on it.' Mike Phillips, Turner Endangered Species Fund, US'David Johns has done it again! The author of A New Conservation Politics brings his wide knowledge of the conservation movement and other social movements to provide practical insights on how to make conservation more effective. This book fills a critical gap in the conservation literature by explaining how to overcome the political obstacles to conservation. For those who care about the extinction crisis he offers a path to action beyond business-as-usual. In the end, conservation is too complex to leave it to scientists, and much too important to leave it to politicians. He combines both worlds into a powerful mix.' Ignacio Jiménez Pérez, The Conservation Land Trust, Argentina'In the 30 years I've worked with Dave Johns for things wild and free, I've seen him become a leading activist on the visionary cutting edge of rewilding and also as our deepest thinker on effective activism. Witness his latest book.' Dave Foreman, Earth First!, USTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. The Problem: 1. The tragedy of political failure; 2. Like it or not, politics is the solution; Part II. Getting the Questions Right: 3. Ten questions for conservation politics; 4. Adapting society to the wild; 5. Striking at the roots; 6. Domination and the intractability of energy problems; Part III. Taking the Offensive: 7. Turning the tide; 8. Lessons from large scale conservation; 9. Doing large-scale restoration; 10. The other connectivity; 11. The special challenge of marine conservation; 12. The biological sciences and conservation; Part IV. Culture Change: 13. Conservation, George Orwell and language; 14. Restoring story and myth; 15. Conservation's moral imperative; Conclusion.

Read more less

Book SynopsisState-of-the-art analysis of geological structures has become increasingly quantitative but traditionally, graphical methods are used in teaching. This innovative lab book provides a unified methodology for problem-solving in structural geology using linear algebra and computation. Assuming only limited mathematical training, the book begins with classic orientation problems and progresses to more fundamental topics of stress, strain and error propagation. It introduces linear algebra methods as the foundation for understanding vectors and tensors, and demonstrates the application of geometry and kinematics in geoscience without requiring students to take a supplementary mathematics course. All algorithms are illustrated with a suite of online MATLAB functions, allowing users to modify the code to solve their own structural problems. Containing 20 worked examples and over 60 exercises, this is the ideal lab book for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students. It will also pTrade Review'I like this book. The material covered, the level of detail and the inclusion of MATLAB scripts make this a timely, relevant and very useful textbook … [it] will help structural geologists - of all levels - make that critical leap from purely geometrical analyses, through kinematics and into the underlying continuum mechanics of rock deformation. A worthy addition to your bookshelf.' Geological Magazine'I highly recommend this book to all structural geology students and practitioners, as well as to earth scientists from a wide range of fields, who will benefit from this clear introduction of the principles and application of linear algebra in the analysis of commonly encountered vector and tensor quantities.' Roland Bürgmann, University of California, Berkeley'The book is suitable for numerate researchers and advanced undergraduates who are reasonably comfortable with mathematics … it is essential in the twenty-first century that we have numerate geoscientists trained in quantitative techniques of structural geology … The authors take care to describe the basics of tensor algebra as well as its application; this book is a solid foundation for understanding the mathematical analysis of how the Earth deforms.' John Wheeler, American MineralogistTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Problem solving in structural geology; 2. Coordinate systems, scalars and vectors; 3. Transformations of coordinate axes and vectors; 4. Matrix operations and indicial notation; 5. Tensors; 6. Stress; 7. Introduction to deformation; 8. Infinitesimal strain; 9. Finite strain; 10. Progressive strain histories and kinematics; 11. Velocity description of deformation; 12. Error analysis; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe new edition of Radiogenic Isotope Geology examines revolutionary changes in geochemical thinking over the past fifteen years. The latest ideas and methods, classic papers, and illustrative case studies all come under scrutiny, providing an accessible introduction for students and critical commentary for researchers.Trade Review'The Dickin text provides an excellent introduction to radiogenic isotope geochemistry. I read a previous edition cover-to-cover during preparation for the general knowledge exams in graduate school, and I still suggest that graduate students do the same in preparation for their exams. It continues to be a key reference for teaching and in the classroom and in the laboratory.' Matthew Jackson, University of California, Santa Barbara'Isotope geochemistry is hugely influential in the development of new approaches and ideas in the Earth sciences. New data challenge models for the formation of the Earth, the evolution of the continental crust, and climate change. An understanding of the basic principles of isotope geology is important in a wide range of the sciences, and this welcome third edition of Radiogenic Isotope Geology builds on the success of the previous editions. It is scholarly and accessible, and it combines an all too rare historical context with a comprehensive introduction to a wide range of radiogenic isotope techniques. Written by one of the world's most respected authors in this field, this textbook will be invaluable for undergraduate and graduate courses, and it is an excellent reference text for scientists in other fields.' Chris Hawkesworth, University of Bristol'For teachers and students in both low- and high-temperature geochemistry who need ready access to geochemical concepts and techniques, Alan P. Dickin offers an up-to-date, well-written medium-level textbook on isotope geochemistry. A pleasant, handy, and useful book for your shelf.' Francis Albarède, Ecole Normale Supérieure de LyonTable of Contents1. Nucleosynthesis and nuclear decay; 2. Mass spectrometry; 3. The Rb-Sr method; 4. The Sm-Nd method; 5. Lead isotopes; 6. Isotope geochemistry of oceanic volcanics; 7. Isotope geochemistry of continental rocks; 8. Osmium isotopes; 9. Lu-Hf, Ba-La-Ce, and K-Ca systems; 10. K-Ar, Ar-Ar and U-He dating; 11. Noble gas geochemistry; 12. U-series dating; 13. U-series geochemistry of igneous systems; 14. Cosmogenic nuclides; 15. Extinct radionuclides; 16. Fission track dating; Appendix 1: chart of the nuclides; Appendix 2: meteorite types.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA clear understanding of the Earth''s past evolution can provide the key to its possible future development. The Earth: Its Birth and Growth explores the evolution of the Earth over 4.6 billion years using basic reasoning and simple illustrations to help explain the underlying physical and chemical principles and major processes involved. Fully updated and revised, this rigorous but accessible second edition includes three completely new chapters. It incorporates exciting developments in isotope geology, placing results within a wider framework of Earth evolution and plate tectonics. Some background in physics and chemistry is assumed, but basic theories and processes are explained concisely in self-contained sections. Key research papers and review articles are fully referenced. This book is ideal as supplementary reading for undergraduate and graduate students in isotope geochemistry, geodynamics, plate tectonics and planetary science. It also provides an enjoyable overview of Earth'Trade Review"Excellent black-and-white illustrations support the text...this book is accessible to general readers...recommended." - L.S Zipp, CHOICE, December 2012“…the text which manages to explain the complex theories in an exceptionally clear and concise but enthusiastic manner, making the book a fantastic starting point for the subject. This book equips the reader with all the basic knowledge required to start their foray into the Earth sciences.” – Natalie Starkey, The Open University, Contemporary Physics, April 2013Table of ContentsPreface to the second edition; Preface to the first edition; 1. Heat from within: energy supporting the dynamic Earth; 2. At the time of Earth's birth; 3. Formation of the layered structure of Earth; 4. Time scale of Earth's evolution; 5. Plate tectonics evolution; 6. Evolution of the mantle; 7. Origin of the atmosphere and oceans; 8. Isotopes as DNA of nature; 9. Earth's magnetism; 10. Moon: a looking glass to mirror the ancient Earth; 11. The past and future of the evolving Earth; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is the first to explore the dramatic amplification of global warming underway in cities and the range of actions that individuals and governments can undertake to slow the pace of warming. A core thesis of the book is that the principal strategy currently advocated to mitigate climate change the reduction of greenhouse gases will not prove sufficient to measurably slow the rapid pace of warming in urban environments. Brian Stone explains the science of climate change in terms accessible to the non-scientist and with compelling anecdotes drawn from history and current events. The book is an ideal introduction to climate change and cities for students, policy makers and anyone who wishes to gain insight into an issue critical to the future of our cities and the people who live in them.Trade Review'Cities have begun to feel the sting of a changing climate already. This powerful volume reminds us what we can still do - globally and locally - by adapting to that which we can't prevent, and even more crucially, preventing that to which we can't adapt.' Bill McKibben, Schumann Distinguished Scholar, Middlebury College and author of The End of Nature'In this groundbreaking study, Stone provides the first systematic analysis of what a changing climate will mean for cities. [He] argues convincingly that we must be as concerned about urban warming as global warming … a clarion call for cities to begin to shape their climate destinies.' Timothy Beatley, Teresa Heinz Professor of Sustainable Communities, University of Virginia'… highly significant and unique because it fully bridges the study of cities, climate, and urban heat.' William D. Solecki, City University of New York, and Director, CUNY Institute for Sustainable Cities'A great introduction to how climate change will hit cities and what can be done about it … essential reading for urban planners, city officials, and the general public.' David W. Orr, Oberlin College and author of Down to the Wire: Confronting Climate Collapse'A riveting account.' London Review of Books'… begins with one of the most persuasive and surprising chapters that I have read … Stone's excellent book provides an important service in bringing urban heat island forward as a core and resolvable urban challenge … this is not just a book for climate enthusiasts. Rather, it will be a helpful book for anyone interested in improving human health and safety through better urban form.' Elisabeth Harmin, Journal of the American Planning AssociationTable of ContentsPrologue: la canicule; 1. Keeling's curve; 2. The climate barrier; 3. Islands of heat; 4. The green factor; 5. Leveraging canopy for carbon.

Read more less

Book SynopsisSalt marshes and mangrove forests, the intertidal wetlands of the world''s coastlines, provide key ecological services to all areas of the globe. This cutting-edge, richly illustrated book introduces the essential elements of coastal wetlands and their applications. The book opens by introducing coastal oceanography, the physical features of wetlands, their ecology, and human impacts upon them, giving all students the necessary background for wetlands studies. It then presents detailed case studies from around the world with extensive illustrations, supplying a wider, global-scale picture of wetlands geomorphology and biodiversity. The final chapters discuss some unique applications of coastal wetlands, including geological monitoring, uses in biotechnology and agriculture, and various experimental mesocosms. This is ideal as supplementary reading to support students on a wide range of earth and life science courses, from environmental science, ecology and palaeoecology to geomorphologTrade Review'This is a major new contribution to the study of salt marshes and mangrove forests. Uniquely comprehensive, the book provides extraordinary coverage of coastal wetlands from the Arctic to the tropics with superb case study examples from Africa, Europe, Asia, and both Americas. Importantly, this innovative volume covers not only the physical, ecological and human interventions controlling the development, loss and future of coastal wetlands but also provides the reader with modern approaches to geological monitoring, conservation of plant biodiversity, and experimental methods. The readability of the book, with supporting graphics and informative photographs, makes it accessible to readers at all levels.' Curtis J. Richardson, Director, Duke University Wetland CenterTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Physical aspects: geological, oceanic and climatic conditions; 3. Zonations and plants: development, stressors and adaptations; 4. Animals in coastal wetlands: zonation, adaptations and energy flow; 5. Human intervention causing coastal problems; 6. Coastal wetlands worldwide: climatic zonation and ecosystems; 7. North American coastal wetland examples; 8. South American coastal wetland examples; 9. Africa: selected marsh and mangrove areas; 10. Europe and Asia: a view of what remains; 11. Australian and New Zealand wetlands; 12. Applications in geological monitoring: paleoseismology and paleoclimate; 13. Applications in conservation of biodiversity and agriculture; 14. Applications using mesocosms for study of coastal wetlands; 15. Conclusions and future directions; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAgriculture as a social-ecological system embraces many disciplines. This book breaks through the silos of individual disciplines to bring ecologists and economists together to consider agriculture through the lens of resilience. It explores the economic, environmental and social uncertainties that influence the behaviour of agricultural producers and their subsequent farming approach, highlighting the importance of adaptability, innovation and capital reserves in enabling agriculture to persist under climate change and market volatility. The resilience concept and its relation to complexity theory is explained and the characteristics that foster resilience in agricultural systems, including the role of biodiversity and ecosystem services, are explored. The book discusses modelling tools, metrics and approaches for assessing agricultural resilience, highlighting areas where interdisciplinary thinking can enhance the development of resilience. It is suitable for those researching sustaiTrade Review'The 36 contributors from various institutions have produced a valuable text that is a vital reminder of the multifaceted nature of agriculture at a time when a warming world is changing rapidly and the global population is increasing.' A. M. Mannion, The Biologist'It is suitable for both researchers and policymakers, especially those who are genuinely interested in bridging economics and ecology in agriculture.' Lixin Wang, The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of Contents1. Introducing resilience Sarah M. Gardner and Stephen J. Ramsden; Part I. Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services and Resilience in Agricultural Systems: 2. Complexity and resilience in agriculture Sarah M. Gardner; 3. Biodiversity and agriculture David Tilman; 4. Determining the value of ecosystem services in agriculture Rosemary S. Hails, Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer, Elena Bennett, Brian Robinson, Gretchen Daily, Kate Brauman and Paul West; 5. Resilience in agricultural systems Stephen J. Ramsden and James Gibbons; 6. Building resilience into agricultural pollination using wild pollinators Neal Williams, Rufus Isaacs, Eric Lonsdorf, Rachel Winfree and Taylor Ricketts; 7. Conflicts and challenges to enhancing the resilience of small-scale farmers in developing economies Richard Ewbank; 8. Modern biotechnology and sustainable intensification: chances and limitations Rolf Meyer; 9. Pastoralism, conservation and resilience: causes and consequences of pastoralist household decision-making Katherine Homewood, Marcus Rowcliffe, Jan De Leeuw, Mohamed Y. Said and Aidan Keane; Part II. Integrating Biodiversity and Building Resilience into Agricultural Systems: 10. Delivering sustainability in agriculture: some implications for analysis Ian Hodge; 11. The resilience of agricultural landscapes characterised by land sparing versus land sharing Dave Abson, Kate Sherren and Joern Fischer; 12. Ecological-economic modelling for designing cost-effective incentives to conserve farmland biodiversity Martin Drechsler and Frank Wätzold; 13. Viability analysis as an approach for assessing the resilience of agroecosystems Sophie Martin; 14. Integrating economics and resilience thinking: the context of natural resource management in Australia Michael Harris, Graham Marshall and David Pannell; 15. Integrating biodiversity and ecosystem services into European agricultural policy: a challenge for the common agricultural policy Allan Buckwell; 16. Ecosystem-service based metrics of sustainability as tools for promoting conservation and food security Jonathan R. B. Fisher and Peter Kareiva; 17. Conclusions on agricultural resilience Sarah M. Gardner, Stephen J. Ramsden and Rosemary S. Hails.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIntroducing the main challenges and opportunities of developing local, regional and global strategies for addressing climate change, this book explains the dilemmas faced when converting strategies into policies. Providing a synthesis of the findings of the three-year European Commission ADAM (Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies) research project and written by many leading interdisciplinary climate change research teams, European strategies for tackling climate change are placed within a global context. The book illustrates the differences between adaptation and mitigation, offers regional and global case studies of how adaptation and mitigation are inter-linked, and suggests six different metaphors for the strategic options to make climate change work for us, rather than against us. Offering practical solutions to climate change both adaptation and mitigation within the policy contexts in which these solutions have to be implemented, this book is valuable for researchers in varied related fields, as well policymakers in government, industry and NGOs.Trade ReviewReview of the hardback: 'Hulme and Neufeldt present detailed research on adaptation and mitigation strategies at a crucial time for European climate policy … will have a significant appeal for researchers and policy makers … this book could have an effective contribution to societies worldwide.' The Geographical JournalTable of ContentsList of contributing authors; Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgements; List of abbreviations; Part I. Concepts and Scenarios: 1. Climate policy and inter-linkages between adaptation and mitigation Henry Neufeldt; 2. Climate change appraisal in the EU: current trends and future challenges Duncan Russell; 3. Scenarios as the basis for assessment of mitigation and adaptation Detlef P. van Vuuren; 4. National responsibilities for adaptation strategies: lessons from four modelling frameworks Asbjørn Aaheim; 5. Learning to adapt: re-framing climate change adaptation Jochen Hinkel; Part II. Strategies Within Europe: 6. How do climate policies work? Dilemmas in European climate governance Frans Berkhout; 7. Transforming the European energy system Gunnar S. Eskeland; 8. A risk management approach for assessing adaptation to changing flood and drought risks in Europe Reinhard Mechler; 9. Mainstreaming adaptation in regional land use and water management Saskia E. Werners; Part III. Strategies Beyond Europe: 10. Global climate governance after 2012: architecture, agency and adaptation Frank Biermann; 11. The economics of low stabilisation: implications for technological change and policy Brigitte Knopf; 12. Mainstreaming climate change in development cooperation policy: conditions for success Joyeeta Gupta; 13. Insurance as part of a climate adaptation strategy Joanne Linnerooth-Bayer; Part IV. Synthesis: 14. What can social science tell us about meeting the challenge of climate change? Five insights from five years that might make a difference Anthony Patt; Appendix: description of models; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis latest Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) will again form the standard reference for all those concerned with climate change and its consequences, including students, researchers and policy makers in environmental science, meteorology, climatology, biology, ecology, atmospheric chemistry and environmental policy.Table of Contents21. Regional context; 22. Africa; 23. Europe; 24. Asia; 25. Australasia; 26. North America; 27. Central South America; 28. Polar regions; 29. Small islands; 30. Open oceans; Annexes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisFrom foraging patterns in a single tree to social interactions across a home range, how primates use space is a key question in the field of primate behavioral ecology. Drawing on the latest advances in spatial analysis tools, this book offers practical guidance on applying geographic information systems (GIS) to central questions in primatology. An initial methodological section discusses niche modelling, home range analysis and agent-based modelling, with a focus on remote data collection. Research-based chapters demonstrate how ecologists apply this technology to a suite of topics including: calculating the intensity of use of both range and travel routes, assessing the impacts of logging, mining and hunting, and informing conservation strategies.Trade Review'… the editors provide an excellent primer on GPS and GIS fundamentals that deftly expands to include research findings using more advanced methods. This resource covers applications of GPS and GIS directly relevant to readers from many areas of conservation biology who already use or want to use telemetry, GPS, or GIS analysis. This reviewer recommends the volume to any interested reader: it is not just for primatologists and will be an excellent reference for all researchers and students with biogeography, wildlife management, or technical GIS interests. Highly recommended.' C. A. Badurek, Choice'… the editors of this book have done an admirable job bringing together and synthesizing a wide range of analytic methods and topics involving spatial data. This volume will serve as an excellent reference for anyone interested in spatial analyses.' Sarie Van Belle, Quarterly Review of Biology'Spatial Analysis in Field Primatology: Applying GIS at Varying Scales is the first integrated guide outlining the best practices in GPS or applying GIS to research questions specific to primatology, thus filling a gap in the methodological literature. It is an engaging and compelling read; in 20 chapters encompassing literature reviews and empirical studies, it comprehensively instructs the reader in how specific methods and technologies can be applied to broaden our understanding of the spatial aspects of primate behavioral and population ecology. A great addition to the burgeoning field of GPS and GIS within primatology, I highly recommend it for early- to mid-career primatologists and research groups who can apply the information to their own investigations about species' behavior, ecological knowledge, and conservation. It can also potentially be a valuable resource for a wider audience including postgraduate or advanced undergraduate classes geared toward methods in field primatology, in addition to senior groups looking to analyze existing data in new ways. The clear research priorities and future directions laid out in the text will stimulate such researchers to overcome the practical issues currently experienced, contribute to primate conservation, and advance the field more rapidly in a way that is appropriate, accurate, and ethical.' Lauren Wiseman-Jones, American Journal of Physical Anthropology'Some chapters provide a good entry point to spatial analysis in field primatology, while other chapters are more advanced. All of them will leave you curious to dig deeper into the literature. The quality of the writing (and of the conceptual content) is very high throughout: the individual authors and editors are to be commended for putting together an authoritative volume that successfully captures the essential nature of GIS use by primatologists at the beginning of the 21st century.' Amanda Suzzi, Evolutionary Anthropology'… the editors provide an excellent primer on GPS and GIS fundamentals that deftly expands to include research findings using more advanced methods. This resource covers applications of GPS and GIS directly relevant to readers from many areas of conservation biology who already use or want to use telemetry, GPS, or GIS analysis. This reviewer recommends the volume to any interested reader: it is not just for primatologists and will be an excellent reference for all researchers and students with biogeography, wildlife management, or technical GIS interests. Highly recommended.' C.A. Badurek, ChoiceTable of ContentsPart I. GPS for Primatologists: Introduction Leila M. Porter; 1. Why place matters, and its use in primate behavioral and ecological research Francine L. Dolins; 2. Fundamentals of GPS AND GIS Nathan P. Nibbelink and Joanna Hatt; 3. 'Next-gen' tracking in primatology: opportunities and challenges Margaret C. Crofoot; 4. The ethical implications, and practical consequences, of attaching remote telemetry apparatus to macaques Amy Klegarth, Agustín Fuentes, Lisa Jones-Engel, Greg Marshall and Kyler Abernathy; 5. Processing geospatial data in R: a primer Allison Howard and Roger Mundry; 6. Estimating travel distance and linearity of primate routes: ideas on how to clean and smooth track data collected with a handheld GPS Karline R. L. Janmaat, Simone D. Ban and Roger Mundry; Part II. GIS Analysis in Fine-Scale Space: Introduction Christopher A. Shaffer; 7. Home range analysis: why the methods matter Sarah A. Boyle; 8. Quantifying resource dispersion in free-ranging bearded sakis in Guyana: what is a patch? Christopher A. Shaffer; 9. Interpreting small-scale patterns of ranging by primates: what does it mean, and why does it matter? Mitchell T. Irwin and Jean-Luc Raharison; 10. Determining the presence of habitual travel route networks in orangutans (pongo pygmaeus morio) in Kutai National Park, Borneo Adam O. Bebko; 11. Finding fruit in a tropical rainforest: a comparison of the foraging patterns of two distinct fruit-eating primates across years Leila M. Porter, Paul Garber, Christopher Boesch and Karline R. L. Janmaat; 12. Random walk analyses in primates Amy L. Schreier and Matt Grove; 13. The use of small-scale spatial analysis to evaluate primate behavior and welfare in captive settings Stephen R. Ross and Marisa A. Shender; 14. The promise of spatially explicit agent-based models for primatology research Anthony Di Fiore; Part III. GIS Analysis in Broad-Scale Space: Introduction Francine L. Dolins; 15. Modeling niches and mapping distributions: progress and promise of ecological niche models for primate research Kenneth L. Chiou and Mary E. Blair; 16. Does reduced habitat quality or increased hunter access explain defaunation of fragmented forests? Bonobos as a case study Jena R. Hickey and Michael J. Conroy; 17. Landscape ecology of deforestation processes and lemur biogeography in Madagascar Travis S. Steffens and Shawn M. Lehman; 18. Quantitative methods for primate biogeography and macroecology Jason M. Kamilar and Lydia Beaudrot; 19. GIS and GPS techniques in an ethnoprimatological investigation of St Kitts green monkey (chlorocebus sabaeus) crop-foraging behavior Kerry M. Dore, Daniel Sewell, Eduardo M. Mattenet and Trudy R. Turner; 20. Conclusion Francine L. Dolins.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn applying the innovative ''sustainomics'' framework and identifying the balanced inclusive green growth (BIGG) path to achieve sustainability, this book provides a rigorous and practical analysis of sustainable development today. Developed and applied globally over the past twenty-five years by world renowned multi-disciplinary expert Mohan Munasinghe, sustainomics gives us an optimistic message: although our problems are serious, we can respond effectively by making development more sustainable, but only if we begin immediately. Sustainomics shows us the first practical steps in making the transition from the risky business-as-usual scenario to a safe and sustainable future for all. Some key features include: an explanation of the key principles of sustainomics, free of technical jargon; empirical case studies that are practical and policy-relevant over a wide range of time scales, countries, sectors, ecosystems and circumstances; annexes that provide mathematical and additional detTrade Review'In this book, Mohan Munasinghe provides an in-depth analysis of sustainable development - one of today's most pressing challenges - by using the 'sustainomics' framework including the balanced inclusive green growth path …' L. A. Reisch and F. C. Doebbe, Journal of Consumer PolicyTable of ContentsPart I. Framework and Fundamentals: 1. Overview and summary; 2. Sustainomics framework; 3. Economics of the environment; 4. Environmental and social system links; Part II. Global and Transnational Applications: 5. Global analytical applications; 6. International process applications; Part III. National and Macroeconomic Applications: 7. National economywide applications; 8. Mathematical macro model applications; 9. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling applications; Part IV. Sectoral and Resource System Applications: 10. Energy sector applications; 11. Transport sector applications; 12. Water resource applications; 13. Agricultural and land use applications; 14. Sustainable pricing policy applications; Part V. Project and Local Applications: 15. Project and business applications; 16. Disaster and human habitat application; Bibliography; Annex.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWould you ask a honeybee to point at a screen and recognise a facial expression? Or ask an elephant to climb a tree? While humans and non-human species may inhabit the same world, it''s likely that our perceptual worlds differ significantly. Emphasising Uexküll''s concept of ''umwelt'', this volume offers practical advice on how animal cognition can be successfully tested while avoiding anthropomorphic conclusions. The chapters describe the capabilities of a range of animals - from ants, to lizards to chimpanzees - revealing how to successfully investigate animal cognition across a variety of taxa. The book features contributions from leading cognition researchers, each offering a series of examples and practical tips drawn from their own experience. Together, the authors synthesise information on current field and laboratory methods, providing researchers and graduate students with methodological advice on how to formulate research questions, design experiments and adapt studies to diTrade Review'Field and Laboratory Methods in Animal Cognition, edited by Bueno-Guerra and Amici, manages also to implicitly teach some of the fundamentals of cognition in the way it showcases methods. By illuminating how similar cognitive principles need to be tested differently across species, the existence of the volume itself proves the importance of the 'Umwelt' concept it champions. With a star-studded lineup of authors, the book serves as a snapshot of who is doing what and how in the field of comparative cognition.' Alison L. Greggor, The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsForeword Josep Call; Introduction: the concept of umwelt in experimental animal cognition Nereida Bueno-Guerra and Federica Amici; 1. Ants – individual and social cognition Zhanna Reznikova; 2. Bats – using sound to reveal cognition Yossi Yovel and Stefan Greif; 3. Bees – the experimental umwelt of honeybees Randolf Menzel; 4. Carib grackles – field and lab work on a tame, opportunistic island icterid Simon Ducatez, Sarah E. Overington, Jean-Nicolas Audet, Marine Battesti and Louis Lefebvre; 5. Chicken – cognition in the poultry yard Cinzia Chiandetti and Giorgio Vallortigara; 6. Chimpanzees – investigating cognition in the wild Roman M. Wittig and Catherine Crockford; 7. Dolphins and whales – taking cognitive research out of the tanks and into the wild Volker B. Deecke; 8. Elephants – studying cognition in the African Savannah Lucy A. Bates; 9. Fish – how to ask them the right questions Catarina Vila Pouca and Culum Brown; 10. Hermit crabs – information gathering by the hermit crab, pagurus bernhardus Robert W. Elwood; 11. Hyenas – testing cognition in the umwelt of the spotted hyena Lily Johnson-Ulrich, Kenna D. S. Lehman, Julie W. Turner and Kay E. Holekamp; 12. Lizards – measuring cognition in lizards: practical challenges and the influence of ecology and social behaviour Martin J. Whiting and Daniel W. A. Noble; 13. Meerkats – identifying cognitive mechanisms underlying meerkat coordination and communication: experimental designs in their natural habitat Marta Manser; 14. Octopuses – mind in the waters Jennifer A. Mather and Michael J. Kuba; 15. Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) – cognitive and communicative abilities Irene M. Pepperberg; 16. Sharks – elasmobranch cognition Tristan L. Guttridge, Kara E. Yopak and Vera Schluessel; 17. Spiders – hints for testing cognition and learning in jumping spiders Elizabeth M. Jakob, Skye M. Long and Margaret Bruce; 18. Tortoises – cold-blooded cognition: how to get a tortoise out of its shell Anna Wilkinson and Ewen Glass; Epilogue Nereida Bueno-Guerra.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe role of hydrothermal fluids during the crystallization of layered intrusions and the ore deposits they contain has long been debated. This book summarizes the evidence for fluid-crystal-liquid (hydromagmatic) interactions and their importance for the understanding of the formation of platinum-group deposits in layered intrusions. It discusses the composition of igneous fluids in mafic magmatic systems, the generation and movement of these fluids in layered intrusions, their impact in altering the mineralogy and composition of the originally precipitated assemblages, and their role in the transport of the platinum-group elements (PGE). Using examples from the Bushveld complex of South Africa and other intrusions, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the hydromagmatic model for the origin of various features of layered intrusions. It is a useful reference for academic researchers and professional geologists working on economic mineral exploration, layered igneous intrusionsTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Layered intrusions: an overview; 3. Magmatic volatiles and fluids; 4. Geochemistry of the platinum-group elements; 5. Generation and movement of bubbles and volatile fluids in a crystal-liquid mush; 6. Halogens in layered intrusions; 7. Melt and fluid inclusion evidence; 8. Pegmatoids, pipes, and potholes; 9. The effects of volatiles on mineral stability and volatile fluxing; 10. Chromatographic effects; 11. Compaction-driven stratigraphic traps and the formation of Great Dyke-type deposits; 12. Chromitites; 13. Isotopic evidence; 14. Some objections considered; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisHuman-wildlife conflict is an urgent challenge for conservation. Framing human-wildlife interactions strictly as conflict, however, limits the array of solutions. With a broader perspective that emphasises tolerance and coexistence, this book presents solutions to turn conflict into coexistence.Trade Review'This is an open-minded book that seeks to examine the many facets of each case study …' Amanda Hardy, The Biologist'It will be of great interest to life and conservation scientists because it offers a humanistic point of view that is fundamental to conservationists, but which is seldomly effectively addressed. It should also interest academics of the human sciences who are addressing other kinds of conflicts, such as political or religious polarizations … An urgent step in search for the balance necessary for human-wildlife coexistence can be found in this book.' Eduardo Bessa, The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of Contents1. Human-wildlife conflicts and the need to include coexistence Beatrice Frank and Jenny A. Glikman; 2. A multilevel, systems view of values can inform a move toward human-wildlife coexistence Alia M. Dietsch, Michael J. Manfredo, Leeann Sullivan, Jeremy T. Bruskotter and Tara L. Teel; 3. Broadening the aperture on coexistence with wildlife through the lens of identity, risk, and morals Michelle L. Lute and Meredith L. Gore; 4. Understanding emotions as opportunities for and barriers to coexistence with wildlife Maarten Jacobs and Jerry Vaske; 5. Tolerance for wildlife: a psychological perspective Kristina Slagle and Jeremy T. Bruskotter; 6. A framework for assessing and quantifying human-wildlife interactions in urban areas Carl D. Soulsbury and Piran C. L. White; 7. Predators in humans landscapes Ketil Skogen, Sunetro Ghosal, Silje Skuland and Siddhartha Krishnan; 8. Corridor of conflict: learning to coexist with long distance mule deer migrations, Wyoming, United States Joshua Morse and Susan G. Clarka; 9. Collaborative approach for coexistence with wildlife in rural regions of Japan Ryo Sakurai; 10. Toward tolerance and coexistence: a comparative analysis of the human-macaque interface in Sulawesi, Indonesia, and Florida, United States Erin P. Riley; 11. Elephants and bees: using beehive fences to increase human-elephant coexistence for small-scale farmers in Kenya Lucy E. King; 12. The twin challenges of preventing real and perceived threats to human interests Omar Ohrens, Francisco Santiago-Avila and Adrian Treves; 13. Conflict and coexistence with invasive wildlife: examining attitudes and behaviours toward Burmese pythons in Florida Rebecca G. Harvey and Frank J. Mazzotti; 14. Institutions for achieving human wildlife coexistence: the case of large herbivores and large carnivores in Europe John D. C. Linnell and Bjørn Kaltenborn; 15. Worldviews and coexistence with coyotes Shelley M. Alexander and Dianne L. Draper; 16. Conservation marketing as a tool to promote human-wildlife coexistence Diogo Verissimo, Brooke Sadowsky and Leo Douglas; 17. Leaping forward: the need for innovation in wildlife conservation Leela Hazzah, Salisha Chandra and Stephanie Dolrenry; 18. Toward human-wildlife coexistence through the integration of human and natural systems: the case of grey wolves in the Rocky Mountains, USA Neil Carter, Jeremy T. Bruskotter, John Vucetich, Robert Crabtree, Hannah Jaicks, Gabriel Karns, Michael Paul Nelson, Doug Smith and John D. C. Linnell; 19. Planning for coexistence in a complex human-dominated world Silvio Marchini, Katia M. P. M. B. Ferraz, Alexandra Zimmermann, Thaís Guimaraes-Luiz, Ronaldo Morato, Pedro L. P. Correa and David W. Macdonald; 20. Human-wildlife interactions: multifaceted approaches for turning conflict into coexistence Jenny A. Glikman, Beatrice Frank and Silvio Marchini.

Read more less

Book SynopsisFrom climate change to species extinction, humanity is confronted with an increasing array of societal and environmental challenges that defy simple quantifiable solutions. Complexity-based ecology provides a new paradigm for ecologists and conservationists keen to embrace the uncertainty that is pressed upon us. This book presents key research papers chosen by some sixty scholars from various continents, across a diverse span of sub-disciplines. The papers are set alongside first person commentary from many of the seminal voices involved, offering unprecedented access to experts'' viewpoints. The works assembled also shed light on the process of science in general, showing how the shifting of wider perspectives allows for new ideas to take hold. Ideal for undergraduate and advanced students of ecology and conservation, their educators and those working across allied fields, this is the first book of its kind to focus on complexity-based approaches and provides a benchmark for future cTrade Review'Conservation is built on the foundations of ecology but it often seems that conservation uses ecology in fragmented ways - only knowing a piece of the proverbial elephant but not the whole animal. Complex Ecology is the first anthology that provides the full interconnected understanding of ecology and its implications for application. At a time when humanity is pushing the limits of planetary thresholds with climate change and an expanding footprint of impacts, Complex Ecology provides an essential compass for scientists and conservationists to navigate the shifting ecological context of conservation action. This book contains the touchstone primary sources that underpin resilience theory, conservation biology, and trophic ecology.' Gary Tabor, Center for Large Landscape Conservation, MontanaTable of ContentsForeword; Acknowledgements; Introduction; 1. Aggregation in complex systems; 2. Diversity in ecology and conservation; 3. The role of flows of energy and resources in structuring social and ecological systems; 4. Non-linearity in natural, social, and physical systems; 5. Applied implications and subversive science; Epilogue.

Read more less

Book SynopsisHow does culture interact with the way societies understand, live with, and act in relation to climate change? While the importance of the exchanges between culture, society and climate in the context of global environmental change is increasingly recognised, the empirical evidence is fragmented and too often constrained by disciplinary boundaries. Written by an international team of experts, this book provides cutting-edge and critical perspectives on how culture both facilitates and inhibits our ability to address and make sense of climate change and the challenges it poses to societies globally. Through a set of case studies spanning the social sciences and humanities, it explores the role of culture in relation to climate and its changes at different temporal and spatial levels; illustrates how approaching climate change through the cultural dimension enriches the range and depth of societal engagements; and establishes connections between theory and practice, which can stimulate aTrade Review'Multidisciplinary studies by 23 contributing authors who explore how human cultures conceptualize and respond to climate … Though the book does not downplay social, psychological, and economic factors that have slowed climate action at the societal level, its chapters collectively suggest a surprisingly optimistic view: namely, that human cultures throughout history have exhibited curiosity about and resilience to climate … Clear writing and thoughtfully chosen images make this book accessible and engaging for broad audiences.' D. P. Genereux, ChoiceTable of ContentsForeword; 1. Climate and culture: taking stock and moving forward Hilary Geoghegan, Giuseppe Feola and Alex Arnall; 2. Cultures of prediction in climate science Martin Mahony, Gabriele Gramelsberger and Matthias Heymann; 3. Visualising climate and climate change: a longue durée perspective Sebastian Vincent Grevsmühl; 4. Indigenous knowledge regarding climate in Colombia: articulations and complementarities among different knowledges Astrid Ulloa; 5. Thin place: new modes of environmental knowing through contemporary curatorial practice Ciara Healy; 6. Multi-temporal adaptations to change in the Central Andes Julio C. Postigo; 7. Not for the faint of heart: tasks of climate change communication in the context of societal transformation Susanne C. Moser; 8. At the frontline or very close: living with climate change on St Lawrence Island, Alaska, 1999–2017 Igor Krupnik; 9. Localising and historicising climate change: extreme weather histories in the United Kingdom Georgina Endfield and Lucy Veale; 10. From denial to resistance: how emotions and culture shape our responses to climate change Allison Ford and Kari Marie Norgaard; 11. Effective responses to climate change – some wisdom from the Buddhist worldview Peter Daniels; 12. Creating a culture for transformation Karen O'Brien, Gail Hochachka and Irmelin Gram-Hanssen; 13. Back to the future? Satoyama and cultures of transition and sustainability John Clammer; 14. Culture and climate change: experiments and improvisations – an afterword Renata Tyszczuk and Joe Smith; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisInfrastructure development in Africa and Asia is expanding at breakneck speed, largely in biodiversity-rich developing nations. The trend reflects governments'' efforts to promote economic growth in response to increasing populations, rising consumption rates and persistent inequalities. Large-scale infrastructure development is regularly touted as a way to meet the growing demand for energy, transport and food - and as a key to poverty alleviation. In practice, however, road networks, hydropower dams and ''development corridors'' tend to have adverse effects on local populations, natural habitats and biodiversity. Such projects typically weaken the capacity of ecosystems to maintain ecological functions on which wildlife and human communities depend, particularly in the face of climate change. This title is also available as Open Access via Cambridge Core.Trade Review'This gives valuable insights that stretch well beyond ape conservation … illustrated by beautiful photos and a range of case studies, this book makes an interesting, if depressing, read.' Rebecca Nesbit, The BiologistTable of ContentsNotes to readers; Acknowledgments; Apes overview; Part I. Infrastructure Development and Ape Conservation: Introduction; 1. Towards more sustainable infrastructure: challenges and opportunities in ape range states of Africa and Asia; 2. Impacts of infrastructure on apes, indigenous peoples and other local communities; 3. Deforestation along roads: monitoring threats to ape habitat; 4. Apes, protected areas and infrastructure in Africa; 5. Roads, apes and biodiversity conservation: case studies from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Myanmar and Nigeria; 6. Renewable energy and the conservation of apes and ape habitat; Part II. The Status and Welfare of Great Apes and Gibbons: Introduction; 7. Mapping change in ape habitats: forest status, loss, protection and future risk; 8. The status of captive apes; Annexes; Acronyms and abbreviations; Glossary; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn theory, chemical-free sustainable agriculture not only has ecological benefits, but also social and economic benefits for rural communities. By removing farmers'' expenses on chemical inputs, it provides them with greater autonomy and challenges the status quo, where corporations dominate food systems. In practice, however, organisations promoting sustainable agriculture often maintain connections with powerful institutions and individuals, who have vested interests in maintaining the status quo. This book explores this tension within the sustainable farming movement through reference to three detailed case studies of organisations operating in rural India.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements; 1. Introduction; 2. India's agrarian crisis: a Gramscian view; 3. Embedded in power: potentials and constraints of sustainable agriculture ; 4. The Kheti Virasat Mission: people's movement or agrarian populism?; 5. The Tamil Nadu organic farmers' movement: the limits of participatory approaches; 6. The Beej Bachao Andolan: how 'grassroots' is the grassroots?; 7. Conclusion; Bibliography; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisCarbon plays a fundamental role on Earth. It forms the chemical backbone for all essential organic molecules produced by living organisms. Carbon-based fuels supply most of society''s energy, and atmospheric carbon dioxide has a huge impact on Earth''s climate. This book provides a complete history of the emergence and development of the new interdisciplinary field of deep carbon science. It traces four centuries of history during which the inner workings of the dynamic Earth were discovered, and documents extraordinary scientific revolutions that changed our understanding of carbon on Earth forever: carbon''s origin in exploding stars; the discovery of the internal heat source driving the Earth''s carbon cycle; and the tectonic revolution. Written with an engaging narrative style and covering the scientific endeavours of more than a hundred pioneers of deep geoscience, this is a fascinating book for students and researchers working in Earth system science and deep carbon research.Trade Review'A beautifully accessible history of geology told through the unique lens of how the element carbon cycles between different parts of the Earth. The reader will be drawn into the stories behind some of the key discoveries and developments in the field. A must read for anyone interested in how scientific revolutions are made. Cin-Ty Lee, Rice University'A very interesting narrative that weaves the historical development of ideas and controversies in Geoscience into the theme of the significance of the Deep Earth Carbon cycle. Mitton has researched both the well-known and the less well-known personalities and anecdotes that bring the human element into the quest to discover how the Earth works.' Andrew Putnis, University of Münster'Simon Mitton's book takes us through centuries of frontline research on the origin and evolution of carbon in the universe and our planet… rarely have the challenges and innovations of geological research been exposed in such a broad context and in connection with other branches of science. Most appealing is the realization that a common thread links almost all scientific disciplines, which are complementary and constantly feed one another, sometimes in unexpected ways. Simon Mitton puts us in the driver's seat with his lively sketches of scientists at work. We take comfort in the outstanding advances that have been made and at the same time realize how far we still need to go. I was sorry when I reached the end of his book because I wanted the story to continue for much longer.' Claude Jaupart, Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris'Simon Mitton's book 'From Crust to Core, A Chronicle of Deep Carbon Science' takes the reader on a wonderful trip through the time, documenting the challenges and advances made by different generations of scientists to develop an understanding of Earth's processes. This comprehensive work extends until the construction of the revolutionary paradigm known as Earth System science, on which Deep Carbon Science is unfolding today.' Antonio Costa, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Bologna, Italy'… I recommend this book as delivering an enriching contextual narrative of the development of the subject that is well suited to basic background reading for all aspiring Earth scientists.' Gillian R. Foulger, The ObservatoryTable of Contents1. Why Carbon in Earth Matters; 2. The Origin of Deep Carbon in Deep Space; 3. Deliveries of Cosmic Carbon Continue; 4. On the Nature of Earth's Interior; 5. Earth's Interior Revealed; 6. Thousands, Millions or Billions, the Question of Timing; 7. Physics and Chemistry of Deep Earth; 8. Confronting the Continental Drift Conundrum; 9. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Rift Valley; 10. Earth's Deep Dynamics Discovered; 11. Reversals of Fortune; 12. Deep Carbon's Cycles, Reservoirs and Fluxes; 13. Carbon Bearing Phases in the Mantle; 14. Diamond in the Mantle; 15. Deep Life; Glossary; Biographical notes; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe streets of Rio de Janeiro have long been characterized as exuberant and exotic places for social commerce, political expression, and the production and dissemination of culture. The Street is Ours examines the changing uses and meanings of Rio de Janeiro''s streets and argues that the automobile, by literally occupying much of the street''s space and by introducing death and injury on a new scale, significantly transformed the public commons. Once viewed as a natural resource and a place of equitable access, deep meaning, and diverse functions, the street has changed into a space of exclusion that prioritizes automotive movement. Taking an environmental approach, Shawn William Miller surveys the costs and failures of this spatial transformation and demonstrates how Rio''s citizens have resisted the automobile''s intrusions and, in some cases, even reversed the long trend of closing the street against its potential utilities.Trade Review'With touches of the finest conventions of writing about Brazilian cities and their denizens, this is a study of the streets of downtown Rio de Janeiro as experienced by people, animals, and machines. Alongside his history of street paving and street beautification, Miller describes the 'invention' of pedestrian and motorist. Attentive to the entwined histories of danger and thrill in the Marvelous City, The Street is Ours is a fascinating examination of the most commonplace of all urban settings - the street - as a contested, lively public good often turned over to, but never fully dominated by, the private needs of the automobile.' Daryle Williams, co-editor of The Rio de Janeiro Reader: History, Culture, Politics'By analyzing the street as a 'natural resource', one surprisingly resistant to privatization and depletion, this book skillfully blends urban, social, and environmental history. Miller shows the various ways Cariocas have used their streets and how this resource has been transformed by the physical presence and violent motion of the automobile. Richly detailed and elegantly provocative, Miller invites us to experience the city of the past with all our senses.' Emily Wakild, author of Revolutionary Parks: Conservation, Social Justice, and Mexico's National Parks, 1910–1940'The Street Is Ours: Community, the Car, and the Nature of Public Space in Rio de Janeiro is a brilliant history of the streets of Rio de Janeiro … a rich and captivating volume. Miller's depiction of Rio's transforming streets is dense, lively, and diverse, thanks to a great range of sources that includes legal documents, gossip columns, literature, music and arts, automobile press, official statistics, and not least the urban landscape itself.' Antoine Acker, The American Historical Review'The Street Is Ours is a unique urban environmental history that makes one see that cities, not just the countryside, were once more than they are today. Community requires space; modernity, via the car, stripped that away. The book helps explain parts of Rio culture today, like the closure of certain highways on weekends in an effort to recapture the street's multidimensionality. Miller successfully creates a tangible history of something that one might otherwise only feel.' Jennifer Eaglin, Hispanic American Historical ReviewTable of ContentsIntroduction: a common space to enjoy – Paquetá Island; 1. Systems circulatory before the wheel – Ouvidor Street; 2. The street's apotheosis – Central Avenue; 3. Putting the car in carnival – Rio Branco Avenue; 4. A blunt instrument – Misericórdia Square; 5. Automotive law and the promises of safety – Assembly Street; 6. Buyers and regrets – Praça Onze (Square Eleven); 7. Automotive flow vs. automotive storage – Castelo Hill; Conclusion: revolutions at the end of the street – Brasilia.

Read more less

Book SynopsisClimate change is becoming a major theme in the contemporary novel, as authors reflect concerns in wider society. Given the urgency and enormity of the problem, can literature (and the emotional response it provokes) play a role in answering the complex ethical issues that arise because of climate change? This book shows that conventional fictional techniques should not be disregarded as inadequate to the demands of climate change; rather, fiction has the potential to challenge us, emotionally and ethically, to reconsider our relationship to the future. Adeline Johns-Putra focuses on the dominant theme of intergenerational ethics in the contemporary novel: that is, the idea of our obligation to future generations as a basis for environmental action. Rather than simply framing parenthood and posterity in sentimental terms, the climate change novel uses their emotional appeal to critique their anthropocentricism and identity politics, offering radical alternatives instead.Trade Review'… nuanced, solidly researched, well-argued, and methodically sound – indeed, methodologically innovative in its well-developed and sustained eudaimonistic framework … [Climate Change And The Contemporary Novel] will make significant contributions to the fields of environmental ethics, environmental literary criticism, ecofeminism, narrative ethics, and climate change studies, perhaps most importantly in showing these fields the benefits of cross-dialogue.' Cheryl Lousley, University of Edinburgh'Climate change is not simply one more topic to be taken up by novelists. As Johns-Putra argues so powerfully, climate change at once demands new modes of thinking about time and agency, at the same time as it brings to the fore what has always marked the novel: the problem of finding meaning in the various ends (and endings) that direct and interrupt life. This book is essential and enjoyable reading for anyone interested in how we might imagine the world in the wake of the Anthropocene.' Claire Colebrook, Pennsylvania State UniversityTable of ContentsIntroduction; 1. The ethics of posterity and the climate change novel; 2. The limits of parental care ethics: Cormac McCarthy's The Road and Maggie Gee's The Ice People; 3. Overpopulation and motherhood environmentalism: Edan Lepucki's California and Liz Jensen's The Road; 4. Identity, ethical agency, and radical posterity: Jeanette Winterson's The Stone Gods and Sarah Hall's The Carhullan Army; 5. Science, utopianism, and ecocentric posterity: Kim Stanley Robinson's 'Science in the Capital' and Barbara Kingsolver's Flight Behaviour; Conclusion: the sense of no ending.

Read more less

Book SynopsisNotwithstanding the importance of modern technology, fieldwork remains vital, not least through helping to inspire and educate the next generation. Fieldwork has the ingredients of intellectual curiosity, passion, rigour and engagement with the outdoor world - to name just a few. You may be simply noting what you see around you, making detailed records, or carrying out an experiment; all of this and much more amounts to fieldwork. Being curious, you think about the world around you, and through patient observation develop and test ideas. Forty contributors capture the excitement and importance of fieldwork through a wide variety of examples, from urban graffiti to the Great Barrier Reef. Outdoor learning is for life: people have the greatest respect and care for their world when they have first-hand experience of it. The Editors are donating all royalties due to them to the environmental charity, The Field Studies Council, to support student fieldwork at the Council''s field centres.Trade Review'This book amply delivers its strapline 'passion for fieldwork'. With its informal yet informed writing, this eclectic collection of practitioners and research findings provides something for everyone. There is no denying its central message, that field studies inspire and ignite curiosity and remain central to our guardianship of the planet.' Gill Miller, President of The Geographical Association, 2019–20'Reading this fascinating and eclectic book touched a chord within me as to how fieldwork, in all its guises, has influenced my thinking, my career, my life. It is a salient reminder of the importance of empirical evidence in decision-making at a time when we face some of the most horrifying environmental crises imaginable.' Sally Hayns, CEO of the Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (CEcol MCIEEM), UK'Curious About Nature provides a glorious overview of how those scientific accomplishments were achieved.' Mark Cocker, The Spectator'… Scientists across many disciplines know well the hallmarks of working in field conditions: making direct observations that often spur other research questions, weathering unpredictable conditions that keep us scientists on our toes, and - perhaps above all - feeding a hungry curiosity and passion to understand the natural world. In Curious About Nature, researchers from geoscience to paleoecology share their accounts of memorable, impactful field experiences. This volume focuses on personal accounts of researchers in field settings. Through this collection of essays, scientists share moments of memorable fieldwork and remind readers of the significance, challenges, and satisfaction that come with this type of work. … curiosity and passion are at the heart of fieldwork … This volume is appropriate for academics with a passion for fieldwork, most especially those in the geosciences … strength of this volume is that it reminds readers just how valuable, important, and rewarding field research can be.' Olivia Graham, The Quarterly Review of Biology'Contributors address the need to train and encourage the next generation of scientists to conduct crucial environmental fieldwork that continues to expand our understanding of natural systems and recommend conservation initiatives. Chapters emphasize the value of observation, provide historical context, outline basic fieldwork components, list common fieldwork equipment, and advocate for modern interdisciplinary scientific endeavors, all while recounting details of entertaining and diverse case studies that transport readers to a variety of international field sites … Ultimately, the text captures the essence of fieldwork, and can be read cover-to-cover or selectively based on interest and needs. This book is a good fit for upper-division undergraduate or graduate courses and encourages hands-on field experiences. It will also be welcomed by any general reader interested in exploring the world.' S. McCarragher, ChoiceTable of ContentsPart I. Getting Curious about Nature: 1. Fieldwork and nature: observing, experimenting, and thinking Tim Burt and Des Thompson; 2. The place of field studies in environmental science Michael Church; 3. The history of field work in the geosciences Andrew S. Goudie; 4. Pioneering fieldwork heroes in the life sciences Stephen Trudgill; 5. The educational benefits of out-of-classroom learning Michael J. Reiss; Part II. Inspiring Fieldwork: 6. Understanding the decline of hen harriers on Orkney Arjun Amar; 7. Rocky shores are not just for the able-bodied John Archer-Thomson; 8. Life, love and longing to survive Alison Averis; 9. Bringing palaeoecology alive Hilary H. Birks; 10. Expedition botany / hobby botany John Birks; 11. The Illisarvik drained-lake field experiment: a legacy of J. Ross Mackay Chris Burn; 12. In praise of meteorology field courses Stephen Burt; 13. Time, place and circumstance Tim Burt; 14. Sampling fish diversity along a submarine mountain chain Ingvar Byrkjedal; 15. Place and placefulness Richard Carrick; 16. Ripples across the pond Stuart Corbridge; 17. Fieldwork, field-friends, and the paradox of absence Douglas Davies; 18. Ornithological fieldwork – essential and enjoyable Roy Dennis; 19. Exploration science on the shore of the Arctic Ocean – a personal experience David J. A. Evans; 20. Only connect – and make records Alastair Fitter; 21. Studying patterned bogs David Goode; 22. Mapping the rise of the animals: Cambrian bodies in the Sirius Pass, North Greenland David A. T. Harper; 23. Evolution in the cellar: live-trapping wild house mice in the Italian Alps Heidi C. Hauffe; 24. Reflections on 'babooning' Russell Hill; 25. Bogs, birds and bones: interdisciplinary fieldwork on the Isle of RuÌm NNR Peter Higgins; 26. Exploring world(s) down under Emily Husband; 27. Experiments by nature – strength in realism Christian Körner; 28. Big problems – small animals Charles J. Krebs; 29. Soil survey: a field-based science Allan Lilly; 30. A traveling ethnography of urban technologies Andrés Luque-Ayala; 31. My date with the devil Peter Marren; 32. Peregrinations through the heathlands and moorlands of Britain: an applied plant ecologist's tale Rob Marrs; 33. The Maimai catchment New Zealand Jeff McDonnell; 34. 'Writing in the field' – the importance of a local patch Stephen Moss; 35. Looking but not seeing – how sketching in the field improves observational skills in science Stephen Mott; 36. From rum to recording forest soils via the Soil Survey of Scotland – a life of fieldwork Andrew J. Nolan; 37. In praise of bat detectors Kirsty Park; 38. In search of Tawny Frogmouths Stuart Rae; 39. Don't just sit there reading … Jane M. Reid; 40. Fieldwork in the Australian bush – if it doesn't kill you, it'll convert you Lisa Robins; 41. Field studies of behaviour and life-changing events Leigh W. Simmons; 42. Sediment, wind turbines, and rhinos: ah, the life of a geographer! Mike Slattery; 43. Conservation science – the need for a new paradigm founded on robust field evidence William J. Sutherland; 44. The worst journey in the world Des Thompson; 45. Field-less fieldwork in archaeology's digital age Andrew Tibbs; 46. Reflections on a career with FSC Sue Townsend; 47. My love-affair with rocks that fizz Maurice Tucker; 48. In the footsteps of John Wesley Powell – restoring the sand bars in the Grand Canyon Alan Werritty; 49. Connecting the next generation to their world Natalie White; 50. Beyond the curriculum – wider conceptions of learning in the field Lewis Winks; Part III. Reflections and where next for field studies: 51. Conclusion: inspiring, curious and novel fieldwork Tim Burt and Des Thompson.

Read more less

Book SynopsisNature-based solutions (NBS) are essential to ensure a sustainable society and healthy ecosystem over the coming decades. However, the systems to be managed are both broad and complex, requiring an integrated understanding of both bio-physical systems, such as soils and water, and economic and social systems, such as urban development and human behaviour. This edited book joins these domains of knowledge together from an applied perspective and considers how computer science can help. It takes a strategic look at the benefits and barriers to using modelling within environmental management and planning practice. It delves further by providing an in-depth comparative review of a wide range of models from a variety of scientific disciplines of interest with examples of their use for NBS. As such, this illustrated guide is designed to help students, researchers and practitioners navigate the huge range of modelling options available and develop the common understanding to work inter-discipTable of ContentsIntroduction Neil Sang; 1. Landscape modelling and stakeholder engagement: participatory approaches and landscape visualisation David Miller, Åsa Ode Sang, Iain Brown, Jose Munoz-Rojas, Chen Wang and Gillian Donaldson-Selby; 2. Agent-based models of coupled social and natural systems Jiaqi Ge and Gary Polhill; 3. Modelling nature-based solutions from soil ecosystem services Matthew Aitkenhead; 4. Modelling water resources for nature-based solutions Sarah Dunn; 5. Models at the service of marine nature-based solutions Ioanna Akoumianaki and Arthur Capet; 6. Coastal and freshwater flood models: a review in the context of NBS Neil Sang; 7. Nature-based solutions to urban microclimate regulation Johanna Deak Sjöman and Erik Johansson; 8. Data mining, machine learning and spatial data infrastructures for scenario modelling Neil Sang and Matthew Aitkenhead; 9. Can geodesign be used to facilitate boundary management for planning and implementation of nature-based solutions? Sarah Gottwald, Ron Janssen and Christopher Raymond; 10. Integrating models into practice-recommendations Neil Sang, Ionna Akoumianaki, Matthew Aitkenhead, David Miller and Åsa Ode-Sang; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisGlobally, more and more species are at risk of extinction as the environment and climate change. Many of these species require long-term management to persist - they are conservation-reliant. The magnitude of this challenge requires a rethinking of how conservation priorities are determined and a broader societal commitment to conservation. Choices need to be made about which species will be conserved, for how long, and by whom. This volume uses case studies and essays by conservation practitioners from throughout the world to explore what conservation reliance is and what it means for endangered-species management. Chapters consider threats to species and how they are addressed, legal frameworks for protecting endangered species, societal contexts and conflicts over conservation goals, and how including conservation reliance can strengthen methods for prioritizing species for conservation. The book concludes by discussing how shepherding nature requires an evaluation of societal valueTrade Review'Long-term commitments and careful attention to relationships with human societies are going to be critical for the successful preservation of many species in coming decades. This book, written by leading practitioners, provides timely and expert guidance for conservation planning.' Georgina Mace, University College London'I've been working my way through Shepherding Nature, and it's hard to imagine a better book for the topic. The authors provide some frameworks for thinking, analyzing factors that threaten (single or multiple, expected or unexpected), case studies that are each rather unique in threat, response, and outcome, connecting ecology with policy and management, and then great essays by people engaged with the cases, putting a very human face on the stories. The book has both a paradigm about how the future of species will develop (conservation reliance - what is it, how to think about it, how to engage in it) and the evidence-based case studies that show how different cases are (but thereby giving some insights in to the general questions and challenges that are common across them). It's hard to know how much difference a book can make, but if a book can make a difference in this arena, this is the one that the authors have written. By the time I was done I realized the book didn't rely on any ecological concepts - its approach was thoroughly evidence based. That gave me a smile.' Dan Binkley, School of Forestry, Northern Arizona UniversityTable of Contents1. Extinction and the challenge of conservation reliance; 2. The conservation spectrum; 3. The genesis of conservation reliance and the language of conservation; 4. What are the threats; 5. Emerging threats in a rapidly changing world; 6. The role of policy and law; 7. What's in the conservationist's toolbox: species-centered approaches; 8. Expanding the conservationist's toolbox: going beyond species; 9. Conservation reliance is a human issue; 10. Making tough decisions: prioritizing species for conservation; 11. Being a good shepherd; Appendices; Author biographies; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe polar regions are the ''canary in the coal mine'' of climate change: they are likely to be hit the hardest and fastest. This comprehensive textbook provides an accessible introduction to the scientific study of polar environments against a backdrop of climate change and the wider global environment. The book assembles diverse information on polar environmental characteristics in terrestrial and oceanic domains, and describes the ongoing changes in climate, the oceans, and components of the cryosphere. Recent significant changes in the polar region caused by global warming are explored: shrinking Arctic sea ice, thawing permafrost, accelerating loss of mass from glaciers and ice sheets, and rising ocean temperatures. These rapidly changing conditions are discussed in the context of the paleoclimatic history of the polar regions from the Eocene to the Anthropocene. Future projections for these regions during the twenty-first century are discussed. The text is illustrated with many coTrade Review'The volume effectively covers where we have been, where we are today, and where might we be in the future in terms of the environmental histories on these complex and varied landscapes and oceans that constitute our current day polar environments. It will serve as a significant contribution to Roger Barry's legacy of his many contributions to polar climatology and paleoclimatology. This book can serve as the textbook for a senior-level course on polar environments, and it will be an invaluable source of information for a variety of undergraduate and graduate courses.' John T. Andrews, Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research'Illustrations and figures are frequent and are generally in colour and of high quality as befits a good student text. Chapters follow a user-friendly format geared towards student learning with short, two- to three page summaries at the end of each chapter along with study questions that could be used as springboards for discussion or research topics or even essay questions … Polar Environments and Global Change is a highly readable, up-to-date and useful text. It will no doubt become the mainstay of undergraduate and master's courses on the topic as well as a valuable go-to source for myriad basic information on polar systems and their responses to changing climate. I see this well-written book being a permanent and frequently referred-to fixture on my desk for some time to come.' Mark F. A. Furze, The Holocene'… a comprehensive overview … the text is well supported by figures (mostly in color) and tables. The references emphasize the recent work, keeping the text up-to-date, but also draw attention to seminal early work that established the basis for many of the areas of science that have become major areas of research activity today … The book is well written and it presents a coherent view of the environments of the Earth's Polar regions, of the ways in which they are changing today' Martin Sharp, Environmental Earth SciencesTable of ContentsPreface; About the authors; Acknowledgments; 1. The setting, history of studies, and the climatic role of the cryosphere; 2. Paleoclimatic history; 3. Observing polar environment; 4. Atmospheric and oceanic circulation and climate; 5. Terrestrial environments and surface types of the polar regions; 6. Ice sheets and shelves; 7. Oceanic environments; 8. The Third Pole; 9. Future polar environments; Appendix: polar institutes; Glossary; Select bibliography; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisCities are no longer just places to live in. They are significant actors on the global stage, and nowhere is this trend more prominent than in the world of transnational climate change governance (TCCG). Through transnational networks that form links between cities, states, international organizations, corporations, and civil society, cities are developing and implementing norms, practices, and voluntary standards across national boundaries. In introducing cities as transnational lawmakers, Jolene Lin provides an exciting new perspective on climate change law and policy, offering novel insights about the reconfiguration of the state and the nature of international lawmaking as the involvement of cities in TCCG blurs the public/private divide and the traditional strictures of ''domestic'' versus ''international''. This illuminating book should be read by anyone interested in understanding how cities - in many cases, more than the countries in which they''re located - are addressing the Trade Review'An essential read for anyone concerned with how the vast conglomerate of actors involved in the climate space might interact effectively to advance climate change regulation globally.' Jacqueline Peel, Melbourne Law School'A vivid and timely account of the important and complex role that cities play in transnational climate change governance.' Liz Fisher, Corpus Christi College, University of Oxford'In this compelling book, Professor Lin demonstrates the rise of global cities as forces in the generation of transnational legal norms. As she demonstrates, global cities are not merely engaging in action that suggests the inadequacy of classical accounts of international lawmaking; they are doing so self-consciously. This is truly a new phase in the field of international law, and its recognition and demonstration by Lin is profound.' Douglas A. Kysar, Yale Law School, ConnecticutTable of Contents1. Global cities, climate change and transnational lawmaking; 2. Theoretical framework; 3. The rise of the city in international affairs; 4. City action on climate change; 5. Transnational urban climate governance via networks – the case of C40; 6. Cities as transnational lawmakers; 7. A normative assessment of urban climate law; 8. Conclusion.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe third edition of this successful textbook will supply advanced undergraduate and graduate students with the tools they need to understand modern glaciological research. Practicing glacial geologists and glaciologists will also find the volume useful as a reference book. Since the second edition, three-quarters of the chapters have been updated, and two new chapters have been added. Included in this edition are noteworthy new contributions to our understanding of important concepts, with over 170 references to papers published since the second edition went to press. The book develops concepts from the bottom up: a working knowledge of calculus is assumed, but beyond that, the important physical concepts are developed from elementary principles. Emphasis is placed on connections between modern research in glaciology and the origin of features of glacial landscapes. Student exercises are included.Table of Contents1. Why study glaciers?; 2. Some basic concepts; 3. Mass balance; 4. Flow and fracture of a crystalline material; 5. The velocity field in a glacier; 6. Temperature distribution in polar ice sheets; 7. The coupling between a glacier and its bed; 8. Water flow in and under glaciers: geomorphic implications; 9. Stress and deformation; 10. Stress and velocity distribution in an idealized glacier; 11. Numerical modeling; 12. Applications of stress and deformation principles to classical problems; 13. Ice streams and ice shelves; 14. Finite strain and the origin of foliation; 15. Response of glaciers to climate change; 16. Ice core studies; Problems; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDespite a century of study by ecologists, recovery following disturbances (succession) is not fully understood. This book provides the first global synthesis that compares plant succession in all major terrestrial biomes and after all major terrestrial disturbances. It asks critical questions such as: Does succession follow general patterns across biomes and disturbance types? Do factors that control succession differ from biome to biome? If common drivers exist, what are they? Are they abiotic or biotic, or both? The authors provide insights on broad, generalizable patterns that go beyond site-specific studies, and present discussions on factors such as varying temporal dynamics, latitudinal differences, human-caused vs. natural disturbances, and the role of invasive alien species. This book is a must-read for researchers and students in ecology, plant ecology, restoration ecology and conservation biology. It also provides a valuable framework to aid land managers attempting to manipulate successional recovery following increasingly intense and widespread human-made disturbances.Trade Review'… a useful reference volume for students of succession … Prach and Walker … succeed in their comprehensive survey of plant succession, and in highlighting the many gaps for future research.' Gillian L Rapson, Conservation Biology'… a much-needed summary and synthesis in a single volume … By presenting a thorough, detailed comparative summary of plant succession research to date, Prach and Walker provide the needed foundation for future successional research.' Cynthia Chang, The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsPart I. Plant Succession and Biomes: 1. Introduction; 2. Humans and succession; 3. Terrestrial biomes; Part II. Succession by Disturbance Type: 4. Comparative approach; 5. Volcanoes; 6. Glaciers; 7. Cyclones; 8. Dunes; 9. Landslides; 10. Floods; 11. Fire; 12. Clearcuts; 13. Plowed fields; 14. Mines; 15. Other disturbances; Part III. Synthesis: 16. Synthesis; 17. Conclusions and future research challenges.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThrough a long history of co-evolution, multicellular organisms form a complex of host cells plus many associated microorganism species. Consisting of algae, bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists and viruses, and collectively referred to as the microbiome, these microorganisms contribute to a range of important functions in their hosts, from nutrition, to behaviour and disease susceptibility. In this book, a diverse and international group of active researchers outline how multicellular organisms have become reliant on their microbiomes to function, and explore this vital interdependence across the breadth of soil, plant, animal and human hosts. They draw parallels and contrasts across hosts in different environments, and discuss how this invisible microbial ecosystem influences everything from the food we eat, to our health, to the correct functioning of ecosystems we depend on. This insightful read also pertinently encourages students and researchers in microbial ecology, ecology, and mTrade Review'This book focuses on current research investigations of the microbiomes found in animals, plants, and soils. The authors propose an emerging theoretical framework for investigating the complex interactions between microbiomes and their habitats. They promote advancements for studying microbiomes and microorganisms in situ, or in the natural environment, rather than focusing on classical methods using in vitro studies as conducted in labs. Each chapter reveals the significant roles that microbiomes play in biogeochemical cycling and in homeostatic mechanisms of host organisms and natural environments. Also discussed are the impacts of anthropogenic changes on microbiome interactions. Topics in the book include background information on microbiomes, analytical methods for studying them, a review of microbiome research investigations, and biotechnology applications of microbiome research. Each chapter provides a wealth of primary references. As an added plus, the readability level is appropriate for those lacking an extensive background in science.' B. R. Shmaefsky, Choice'It is a solid, approachable introduction to the role of microbiomes in ecology and could serve as a primary reading for a graduate seminar course or for a researcher just entering the field.' Jonathan Newman and Newman Lab Group, The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Microbiomes of soils, plants and animals: an introduction Rachael E. Antwis, Xavier A. Harrison, Michael J. Cox, Sophia Carryl, Meagan Dewar, James Doonan, Ellen L. Fry, Jack Gilbert, Bethan Greenwood, Reid N. Harris, Zenobia Lewis, Anne Lizé, James McDonald, Valerie McKenzie, Marc Sze and Feng Zhu; 2. Analytical approaches for microbiome research Xavier A. Harrison and Simon J. S. Cameron; 3. Microbiomes of soils Reuben Margerison, Océane Nicolitch and Yaqian Zhang; 4. Factors that shape the host microbiome Marc Sze, James Doonan, James E. McDonald, Reid Harris and Meagan Dewar; 5. Microbial symbioses and host nutrition Philip Donkersley, Sam Robinson, Ella K. Deutsch and Alastair T. Gibbons; 6. The microbiome and host behaviour Anne Lizé and Zenobia Lewis; 7. Host microbiomes and disease James E. McDonald, Reid N. Harris, James Doonan, Sophia Carryl, Marc Sze, Valerie McKenzie and Jack A. Gilbert; 8. Adapting to environmental change Ellen L. Fry, Feng Zhu and Bethan Greenwood; 9. Microbial biotechnology Rachael E. Antwis, Ellen Fry, Chloë E. James and Natalie Ferry; 10. Synthesis and future directions Rachael E. Antwis, Xavier A. Harrison and Michael J. Cox; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrace metals play key roles in life - all are toxic above a threshold bioavailability, yet many are essential to metabolism at lower doses. It is important to appreciate the natural history of an organism in order to understand the interaction between its biology and trace metals. The countryside and indeed the natural history of the British Isles are littered with the effects of metals, mostly via historical mining and subsequent industrial development. This fascinating story encompasses history, economics, geography, geology, chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, ecology, ecotoxicology and above all natural history. Examples abound of interactions between organisms and metals in the terrestrial, freshwater, estuarine, coastal and oceanic environments in and around the British Isles. Many of these interactions have nothing to do with metal pollution. All organisms are affected from bacteria, plants and invertebrates to charismatic species such as seals, dolphins, whales and seabirds. ATrade Review'After introductory chapters describing the origins of environmental trace metals from mining and industrialization, the author devotes individual chapters to the resulting biological effects on the flora and fauna in the British Isles' terrestrial, freshwater, estuarine, and coastal environments. Each chapter begins with several pages of definitions for the various specialized terms in the material that follows, which should be very helpful for readers who have limited background in this subject. The approach is multidisciplinary, with the emphasis on biology, and the organisms discussed range from bacteria and plants to whales. The writing is aimed at general readers and should be accessible to readers with some introductory science background.' H. E. Pence, ChoiceTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; 1. Introduction; 2. Metals and mining; 3. Biology of trace metals; 4. Terrestrial Environment; 5. Freshwater; 6. Estuaries; 7. Coastal seas and oceans; 8. Epilogue; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisForests play an important role in resolving global challenges such as sustainable development, climate change, biodiversity loss, and food and water security. Stopping deforestation is crucial for the future of our planet. Global efforts to curb deforestation, have been partially successful, but have largely fallen short. At the same time, national level efforts to support human development, reflected in the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals, aim to increase the welfare and wellbeing of populations living in poverty. Meeting these development goals will inevitably have crosscutting effects on initiatives to address deforestation. In balancing these goals, policy makers are confronted with wicked problems or problems where there are moral considerations and where limited information is available for policy makers. This book is focused on how wicked forest policy problems have been, and can be, addressed.Trade Review'This volume edited by Nikolakis and Innes … explores a range of policies in use around the world to sustainably manage forests.' B. D. Orr, Choice'The global COVID-19 pandemic has recently brought a wicked problem into sharp focus on a worldwide scale, as governments try to strike a balance between imposing restrictions that would slow the spread of the disease, while simultaneously avoiding economic collapse. Achieving the sustainable management of our environment is likewise fraught with wicked problems, not least of which are to be found in the forestry sector. The process of trying to control this destruction, and steering the management of forests towards sustainable conservation and use, has proved to be a fertile breeding ground for wicked problems. This book provides an extensive review of these problems, the policy approaches that have been developed to address them, and how well they are working or not. … [It is] very informative for anyone involved in the environmental policy field to read this book.' Brian W. van Wilgen, South African Journal of ScienceTable of Contents1. The wicked problem of forest policy William Nikolakis and John L. Innes; Part I. Wicked Problems and Policies: 2. Why forests matter? Frances Seymour; 3. Forest certification and forest use: a comprehensive analysis Fred Cubbage and Erin Sills; 4. REDD+ meets local realities Arild Vatn, Maria Nantongo and Raymond Samndong; 5. Have payments for ecosystem services delivered for the rural poor? A decade of implementation in the 'global South' Diana Alfonso-Bécares and Esteve Corbera; 6. Tackling gender inequality through forest-related policies and programmes: global challenges, multi-scale innovations, and local experiences Marlène Elias, Bimbika Sijapati Basnett and Jennie Dey de Pryck; 7. Forestry crimes and our planet: a review Christian Nellemann, Rune Henriksen, Margaretha Schlingemann and Riccardo Pravettoni; 8. Forest bioeconomy development: markets and industry structures Lauri Hetemäki and Elias Hurmekoski; Part II. Tools to Address Wicked Problems: 9. The wicked problems of Indonesia's forests require effective institutions to resolve difficult trade-offs Jeffrey Sayer; 10. Power to the forest people: tendencies, impact and the future of locally-controlled forests David Kaimowitz and Fernanda Tomaselli; 11. How are land use multi-stakeholder forums affected by their contexts? Perspectives from two regions of the Peruvian Amazon Juan Pablo Sarmiento Barletti and Anne Larson; 12. Sustainable landscape investment: a framework for governance of institutional investment in the forestry sector David Brand, MaryKate Bullen and Radha Kuppalli; 13. Community forestry in Liberia: progress and pitfalls Robert O'Hagan, Alida O'Connor, John Fa and Terry Sunderland; 14. Are some forestry problems too wicked? John L. Innes and William Nikolakis.

Read more less

Book SynopsisProvides researchers and graduate students in sociolinguistics with a theory of landscape affect as a linguistic and semiotic phenomenon. It is also of value to cultural geographers, urban sociologists and planners, and other researchers and students interested in the analysis of space and how spatial meanings are constructed.Table of ContentsList of figures; 1. Introduction; 2. Theorising affect in the semiotic landscape; 3. Kawaii in the semiotic landscape; 4. Reverencing the landscape; 5. Romancing the landscape; 6. 'Friendly places'; 7. The affective regime of luxury and exclusivity; 8. Affecting the digital landscape; 9. Conclusion.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThere is a growing concern that many important ecosystems, such as coral reefs and tropical rain forests, might be at risk of sudden collapse as a result of human disturbance. At the same time, efforts to support the recovery of degraded ecosystems are increasing, through approaches such as ecological restoration and rewilding. Given the dependence of human livelihoods on the multiple benefits provided by ecosystems, there is an urgent need to understand the situations under which ecosystem collapse can occur, and how ecosystem recovery can best be supported. To help develop this understanding, this volume provides the first scientific account of the ecological mechanisms associated with the collapse of ecosystems and their subsequent recovery. After providing an overview of relevant theory, the text evaluates these ideas in the light of available empirical evidence, by profiling case studies drawn from both contemporary and prehistoric ecosystems. Implications for conservation policy Trade Review'… the book is written by integrating viewpoints from a variety of disciplines, among them that of theoretical ecology and of conservation biology ... What is particularly helpful in the structure of the book are the conclusions at the end of each chapter and a series of tables that aim to summarise and highlight ideas, conclusions and propositions … it references classical ecological work that is a springboard for the subject, … [and] provides some historical background on scientific debates… it also contains anecdotes of the author's personal experience and opinions (always well-balanced and undogmatic). … there are as many questions as answers provided in the book that would interest the general reader as well as the most experienced researcher in the field.' Vasilis Dakos, African Journal of Range & Forage ScienceTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Ecological Theory; 3. Case Studies from Prehistory; 4. Contemporary Case Studies; 5. Synthesis; 6. Conclusions.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDespite a century of study by ecologists, recovery following disturbances (succession) is not fully understood. This book provides the first global synthesis that compares plant succession in all major terrestrial biomes and after all major terrestrial disturbances. It asks critical questions such as: Does succession follow general patterns across biomes and disturbance types? Do factors that control succession differ from biome to biome? If common drivers exist, what are they? Are they abiotic or biotic, or both? The authors provide insights on broad, generalizable patterns that go beyond site-specific studies, and present discussions on factors such as varying temporal dynamics, latitudinal differences, human-caused vs. natural disturbances, and the role of invasive alien species. This book is a must-read for researchers and students in ecology, plant ecology, restoration ecology and conservation biology. It also provides a valuable framework to aid land managers attempting to manipulate successional recovery following increasingly intense and widespread human-made disturbances.Trade Review'… a useful reference volume for students of succession … Prach and Walker … succeed in their comprehensive survey of plant succession, and in highlighting the many gaps for future research.' Gillian L Rapson, Conservation Biology'… a much-needed summary and synthesis in a single volume … By presenting a thorough, detailed comparative summary of plant succession research to date, Prach and Walker provide the needed foundation for future successional research.' Cynthia Chang, The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsPart I. Plant Succession and Biomes: 1. Introduction; 2. Humans and succession; 3. Terrestrial biomes; Part II. Succession by Disturbance Type: 4. Comparative approach; 5. Volcanoes; 6. Glaciers; 7. Cyclones; 8. Dunes; 9. Landslides; 10. Floods; 11. Fire; 12. Clearcuts; 13. Plowed fields; 14. Mines; 15. Other disturbances; Part III. Synthesis: 16. Synthesis; 17. Conclusions and future research challenges.

Read more less

Book SynopsisComplex environmental and hydrological processes are characterized by more than one correlated random variable. These events are multivariate and their treatment requires multivariate frequency analysis. Traditional analysis methods are, however, too restrictive and do not apply in many cases. Recent years have therefore witnessed numerous applications of copulas to multivariate hydrologic frequency analyses. This book describes the basic concepts of copulas, and outlines current trends and developments in copula methodology and applications. It includes an accessible discussion of the methods alongside simple step-by-step sample calculations. Detailed case studies with real-world data are included, and are organized based on applications, such as flood frequency analysis and water quality analysis. Illustrating how to apply the copula method to multivariate frequency analysis, engineering design, and risk and uncertainty analysis, this book is ideal for researchers, professionals and graduate students in hydrology and water resources engineering.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Preliminaries; 3. Copulas and their properties; 4. Symmetric Archimedean copulas; 5. Asymmetric copulas: high dimension; 6. Plackett copula; 7. Non-Archimedean copulas: meta-elliptical copulas; 8. Entropic copulas; 9. Copulas in time series analysis; 10. Rainfall frequency analysis; 11. Flood frequency analysis; 12. Water quality analysis; 13. Drought analysis; 14. Compound extremes; 15. Network design; 16. Suspended sediment yield analysis; 17. Inter-basin transfer; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA self-contained introduction to tides that will be useful as a textbook for courses on tides in oceans and coastal seas at an advanced undergraduate and postgraduate level, and will also serve as the go-to book for researchers and coastal engineers needing information about tides.Table of ContentsAcknowledgment; 1. Introductory concepts; 2. Tidal forcing; 3. Celestial motions; 4. Tidal constituents and the harmonic method; 5. Tidal wave propagation; 6. Tides in coastal seas and basins; 7. Internal tides.

Read more less