Construction and heavy industry Books

Book SynopsisUsing the Build, Operate, Transfer (BOT) system, private developers design, finance, construct, and operate revenue-producing public projects, and, at the end of the pay-back period, turn projects over to the community.Table of ContentsThe Global Move Toward Public/Private Partnerships. Toll Roads in America--An Old Concept Updated. The Dulles Greenway. Caltrans and the Public/Private Sector Projects. Washington State and Arizona--What Went Wrong? South Carolina's Partnerships for Progress. Canada and the Canadian Atlantic Provinces. Great Britain Host to BOT and DBFO. Trafalgar House, A World Leader in Public/Private-SectorWork. The Channel Tunnel. Kumagai Gumi, Japan's Leading BOT Participant. From the Dardenelles to Durban. The Philippines and Its BOT Vision of the Future. From Indonesia to Thailand--And in Between. Mexico and Its Latin Neighbors. What Does the Future Hold? Index.

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Book SynopsisThe construction industry is subject to more risk and uncertainty than perhaps any other industry. Yet, surprisingly, managerial techniques used to identify, analyse and respond to risk were not applied in the industry until the 80a s. Existing texts deal with the theoretical concepts of risk and the techniques that identify and manage it.Table of ContentsList of figures; List of tables; Forward; Introduction; The aim of the book; Part 1 - Putting risk into perspective:; Introduction; Risk and reward go hand in hand; Risk and contruction; Risk - another four letter word; AGAP (All goes according to plan) and WHIF (What happens if); The people, the process and the risks; Clients of the industry; Have clients' needs changed? Privately financed infrastructure projects; What do clients want?; Investment in property; Consultatns and risk; Contracting and risk; Part II The background to risk and uncertainty:; Introduction; Defining risk and uncertainty; The uncertainty of life and construction projects; Dynamic and static risk; A threat and a challenge; Some fo ther basic rules for risk taking; Risk 'Place your waterline low'; The risky shift phenomenon - what happens when groups make decisions; The risk of not risking; Risk styles; Removing ignorance - and risk; Probability; Converting uncertainty to risk; Decision-making in the construction industry; Intuition; Bias and intuition; Experts and experience; Rules of thumb; Making a model; Reacting to information; Looking at the past to forecast the future; Types of information; Building a decision model to solve a problem; Part III The risk management system: Introduction; Developing a risk management framework; Risk identification; Sources of risk; Dependent and independent risk; Risk classification; Types of risk; Impact of risk; The risk hierarchy; Risk and the general environment; The market/industry risk; The company risk; Project risk and individual risk; Consequence of risk; Risk reponse; Risk retention; Risk reduction; Risk transfer; Risk avoidance; Risk attitude; Summarising risk management; Risk management; Part IV Some of the tools and techniques of risk management: Introduction; Seeing the big picutre and tthe detail; Decision-making techniques; The risk premium; Risk-adjusted discount rate; Subjective probabilities; Decision analysis; Algorithms; Means-end chain; Decision matrix; Strategy; Decision trees; Bayesian theory; Stochastic decision tree analysis; Multi-attribute value theory; Specify the utility function; Case study; Summary; Sensitivity analysis; Spiider Diagram; Monte Carlo simulation; Portofolio theory; The aplication of portfolio analysis in the construction industry; Stochastic dominance; Cumulative distributions of illustrative portfolios; Conclusion; Part V Utility and risk attitude: Introduction; Risk exposure; Utility theory; Expected monetary value; Payoff matrix; The utility function; General types of characteristics of utility functions; The difference between EUV and EMV in practice; The use of utility theory in construction; Basic principle for the aplication of the theory; Part VI Risks and the construction project - money, time and technical risks: Introduction; Money and delivery sequence; Investment and development sequence; Cost considerations; Operational/revenue considerations; The influence of taxation; Value considerations; Design and construction sequence; Time delivery sequence; Contractors and specialist contractors; Technical delivery sequence; A case study of the technical risks faced by the building surveyor; Part VII Sensitivity analysis, breakeven analysis, and scenario analysis: Sensitivity analysis; Breakeven analysis; Scenario analysis; Sensitivity analysis - an application to life cycle costing; Part VIII Risk analysis using Monte Carlo simulation: Probability analysis - extending the sesitivity technique; How it works; Using Monte Carlo simulation in the cost planning of a building; Estimating and price prediction an overview of current practice; Cost planning and risk analysis; Interdependence of items; Risk analysis using probabilities; Risk analysis using Monte Carlo simulation; Considering some probability distributions; Comon distriubtion types; Uniform distribution; Triangular distribution; Normal distribution; A step by step approach to Monte Carlo simulation; Using Monte Carlo simulation on a live project; The result; Questions and Answers; Part IX Constracts and risk: Disagreement and conflict; The purpose of the contract; The fundamental risks - liability and responsibility; Transferring and allocating the risk in the contracts; The principles of control - the theory; The contractual links; Risk avoidance by warrannties and collateral warranties; The types of contract; Contracts and risk tactics; Part X A case study of an oil platform: A practical application of resourced schedule risk analysis; Background; The model; Comparison with deterministic plan; Data; Weather; Project variables; Processing of data; Confidence in the data; Initial results; Conclusion; References and bibliography; Index

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Book Synopsisaeo many construction contracts result in legal disputes aeo considerable interest in ADR at present with adjudication endorsed by the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act aeo Featuring the new adjudication clauses of revised standard construction contracts.Trade Review"This is the first book I have seen dedicated to detailed examination of ADR, adjudication and contractual provisions for dispute resolution, and I recommend it to everyone involved in construction industry disputes." Construction LawTable of ContentsContents: Construction Contracts - an inevitable source of conflict?; Arbitration and Litigation: a tarnished reputation; Growth of ADR in the UK, Australia and Hong Kong; Mediation and Conciliation; Adjudication and Expert Determination; Dispute Review Boards and Disputes Advisers; Other Forms of ADR; Practical and legal concerns in using ADR to resolve disputes; Adjudication and the 'Construction' Act; JCT Standard Forms of Contract and associated subcontract forms; General conditions of government contracts for building and civil engineering works; Engineering forms of contracts; New Engineering Form of Contract and the Adjudicator's Contract; Model Rules for Adjudication: Appendices; References; Table of Cases; Index.

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Book SynopsisIf one party to a construction contract does work that turns out to be defective, the other party is allowed by law to ''set off'' or deduct a sum required to make good that defect. This happens frequently in construction contracts and regularly involves large sums of money, disputes, and litigation. It is a complex area of the law with a number of cases, as well as the contractual provisions themselves, which prescribe a party''s right of set-off. This book clearly describes the law and examines the provisions of the main building and civil engineering contracts.Table of ContentsThe nature and history of set-off; Express set-off provisions and adjudication; Order 14 and Order 29 applications and set-off; Set-off clauses from selected standard forms of sub-contract

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Book SynopsisThe cost of preparing and submitting tenders for construction and engineering works is a significant expense to those firms involved and no participant can afford to be ignorant of the law surrounding the procurement process. This new book reviews the law concerning the procurement of construction and engineering works and services, and deals with the development of the common law of tendering including bids, offers, revocation of offers, acceptance and the making of contracts. This book is written from the perspective of English law but considers cases and statutes from a wide variety of common law jurisdictions, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Scotland, South Africa, and the US.Table of ContentsGeneral overview; Bids, offers, revocation of offers, acceptance and formation of contracts; Bids, mistakes, rectification, rescission of contract, rescission of bid despite irrevocable nature of bid and forfeiture of bid deposits; Tenders - the traditional position; Tenders: exceptional cases where remuneration or damages have been recovered by tenderers; The two contract analysis - the tendering contract; Bonds, guarantees and indemnities; Incomplete agreement, therefore no contract; Letter of intent; Tender documents; Judicial review of public tender decisions; Judicial review of federal tender decisions; Public procurement in the European Union; Tender abuses and anti-competitive practices; Table of cases; Table of statutes; Index

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Book SynopsisSince it came into force on 31 January 1997 the Arbitration Act 1996 has generally been welcomed by users and practitioners in the construction industry. It has fulfilled expectations that it would provide a user-friendly and practical basis of resolving disputes arising from construction contracts in a fair, expeditious and economical way.Trade Review"The fact that this book, by a respected and highly experienced engineer and arbitrator and first published in 1982, has now reached its fifth edition is in itself a tribute to its quality. It is an excellent short guide to a complex subject, written in clear English..." CIArb Journal, November 2001Table of ContentsForeword. Preface to the Fifth Edition. 1. Introduction. 2. Arbitration Agreements. 3. Appointment of the Arbitrator. 4. Jurisdiction of the Arbitrator. 5. The Preliminaries. 6. Evidence. 7. The Hearing. 8. The Award. 9. Costs. 10. Powers of the Court in Relation to the Award. 11. Dispute Avoidance and Management. Appendices. A. Specimen Documents. B. The Arbitration Act 1996. C. The Arbitration Act 1950: Part II. D. The Scheme for Construction Contracts (England and Wales) Regulations 1998. E. The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999. F. The Unfair Arbitration Agreements (Specified Amount) Order 1999. G. Interest Tables. Bibliography. Table of Cases. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis handbook covers all the practices and procedures the quantity surveyor working in a contractora s office needs to know -- from budgets and forecasts to cost--value comparisons and partnering.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Budgets and Forecasting. Interim Valuations. Subcontractors. Cost value Comparisons. Contracts, certificates and notices. Teamwork and Partnering. Appendices - A Worked Example. Cost Value Ccomparison - an Easy Guide. Bibliography. Glossary of terms. Index.

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Book SynopsisReflects the changes in various principal civil engineering contracts including the ICE 6th, the New Engineering Contract, the Arbitration and Conciliation Acts and the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1998. This title also includes commentary on the ICE 7th and international contracts.Table of ContentsPreface Table of cases Table of statutes and statutory instruments Introduction General principles of contract law The scope and quality of the agreed work Payment in accordance with the contract Time for performance The contract and third parties Miscellaneous matters associated with civil engineering contracts Extra-contractual entitlements Civil engineering professional services contracts Civil engineering claims: entitlements and evaluation Dispute resolution Particular types of civil engineering contract The ICE Conditions of Contract - Measurement Version (7th Edition, 1999) The Engineering and Construction Contract (2nd Edition and Short Contract) Dispute resolution procedures Appendices Index

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Book SynopsisStrategic risks are an order of magnitude greater and, by their very nature. This guide and CD presents an approach to the management of strategic risk, STRATrisk, and an explanation of how to apply the approach. The CD provides video clips and a number of case studies.Trade ReviewReading this report will make company directors think hard - and few will decide to ignore its cogent and direct advice -- Dr Martin Barnes, Executive Director, The Major Projects Association and President, The Association for Project ManagementI thoroughly recommend it -- Lord Broers, President of the Royal Academy of EngineeringTable of ContentsContents of the printed book Why read this guide? Why is strategic risk different? Recommended approach•involvement of the board•culture•communication•the feedback process•organisation for managing risk Applying the approach•management of strategic risk •foreseeable risks•unforeseeable risks and uncertainty•responding to strategic risks•managing unexpected situations Useful tools•horizon scanning •concept mapping•pattern recognition•risk grouping ConclusionAppendix 1: Self-assessment checkAppendix 2: Checklist of strategic risksAppendix 3:Further readingAppendix 4:Contents of CD-ROM, Template for Change Contents of the CD-ROM Introduction•10 minute video introduction•overview•how to use the CD guide Aims of the STRATrisk project•project ambition•our approach•project partners•project timeframe Project phases•methodology•literature review•main findings•industry workshops•PowerPoint presentation•feedback to industry•engagement and testing concepts with Boards•conclusions and recommendations Enabling processes and technologies•the ten-step process•risk hierarchies•concept mapping•pattern recognition and networks•horizon scanning•project risk guidance – RAMP Underpinning knowledge•systems thinking•complexity science•strategy and scenario planning•decision support science•change development Video clips•Introduction to STRATrisk (Einstein video)•Make change early to avoid risk (Peter Birch), courtesy of 50 Lessons•You can never get rid of risk (Sir Peter Middleton), courtesy of 50 Lessons •Decision explorer, courtesy of Banxia NA Appendices•semi-structured research questionnaire•cultural questionnaire•case studies on risk from Reading University•self-assessment check

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Book SynopsisConstruction Planning, 2nd edition is the new edition of the original and highly successful book by Richard H. Neale and David E. Neale, published in 1994.Table of Contents1. The construction environment 2. Construction planning in context 3. Early decisions 4. Planning techniques 5. Resources 6. Monitoring and control 7. Management Information Systems 8. Planning techniques

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Book SynopsisDesigning a Safer Built Environment places the statutory obligations on designers into the real world of commercial projects.Trade ReviewThe Civil Engineering Contractors’ Association represents 300 companies that undertake about 80% of UK infrastructure works. Our members have been increasingly concerned at how risk can be shared equitably, so Designing a Safer Built Environment has come out at just the right time. I was delighted that the author, John Carpenter, asked us for our thoughts on risk, and his book captures these concerns admirably. It should be required reading for any organisation involved in building or maintaining our critical infrastructure. -- Guy Lawson, Director of Civil Engineering Contractors Association North West, UKAll too often there is an inconsistent approach to how buildings and major infrastructure schemes are designed to reduce health and safety risks, during construction and when they are are handed over to the end users for operation, leading to poor quality of buildings and infrastructure. During my discussions with the author, John Carpenter, it soon became apparent that Designing a Safer Built Environment is looking to provide practical guidance for designers to improve their performance on how they manage and mitigate health and safety risks. This book is a must read for any clients involved in delivery of buildings, projects and major infrastructure -- Gary O’Brien, Director, Construction Clients' Leadership Group, UKA well thought out book, giving practical advice to all, and very relevant to designers in all fields and stages of career. -- A well thought out book, giving practical advice to all, and very relevant to designers in all fields and stages of career.

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Book SynopsisA presentation of good practice in compaction grouting. This guide covers both the practical and engineering aspects of compaction grouting and is essential reading for anyone interested in specifying, designing, and/or undertaking compaction grouting.

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Book SynopsisA guide for the project team to define and model the structural system within the reference building design as required by green building standards. The book sets out terms of reference including definitions, reference building options, and general considerations, and describes specific strategies to reduce life cycle impacts on a project.Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Part I: Terms of Reference Glossary General Considerations Existing WBLCA Standards and Guidelines Object of Assessment System Boundary Reference Study Period Impact Indicators Functional Equivalence Team Members Stages of Design Data to Generate a Complete Building Design LCA Tools Missing Data Advanced LCA Reference Building Options Option Descriptions Combining Options, Filling Gaps, and Making Functionally Equivalent Documentation Options Matrix Part II: Strategies Structural Material Quantity Reduction Scope Bill of Materials Limitations Special Considerations Structure as Finish Scope Bill of Materials Limitations Special Considerations Nonstructural Material Quantity Reduction Scope Bill of Materials Special Considerations Performance-Based Design for Material Damage Reduction Scope Bill of Materials Limitations Special Considerations Impact Reductions Achieved by Using Alternate Structural Systems Scope Key Considerations for Establishing the Reference Building Bill of Materials Adjustments Limits on Deviations Impact Reduction of Functionally Equivalent Materials Scope Key Considerations for Establishing the Reference Building Bill of Materials Adjustments Material-Specific Strategies Limits on Deviations Incorporating Salvaged Materials Scope Bill of Materials Adjustments Limitations Special Considerations Material-Specific Strategies Design for Deconstruction Scope Bill of Materials Limitations Special Considerations Participating in Operational Energy Savings Scope Bill of Materials Limitations Special Considerations Appendix A: Discounting Methodologies Appendix B: LCA Tools Appendix C: Additional Resources and Case Studies

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Book SynopsisProvides a framework for the design of tall buildings for wind. This MOP presents detailed guidance on industry standard practices and design approaches that complement current literature, model codes, and standards.Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1 Introduction Purpose Scope Use of This Manual Historic General Design Requirements Stakeholders Nature of Wind Limitations Chapter 2 Design Process Overview Establish Performance Objectives Preliminary Structural Design Wind Climate Assessment Wind Induced Loads and Responses Structural Modeling and Analysis Comparison of Results to Acceptance Criteria Wind Optimization Program Final Design Chapter 3 Performance Objectives Introduction 3.2 Mean Recurrence Intervals Stability Strength Evaluation of the Lateral Force Resisting System Building Displacements Nonstructural Elements Occupant Comfort Project-Specific Performance Chapter 4 Preliminary Structural Design Purpose Preliminary Wind Estimates 4.3 Estimation of Building Performance Chapter 5 Wind Climate Assessment Overview Davenport Wind Loading Chain Wind Climate – Storm Types and Data Sources Influence of Terrain Extreme Value Analysis Design Criteria – Mean Recurrence Intervals Chapter 6 Wind Tunnel Testing Overview Triggers for Testing Types of Wind Tunnel Tests Physical Testing versus Computational Estimates Testing Procedure Combining Climate and Wind Tunnel Data Typical Outputs Additional Considerations Chapter 7 Damping Overview Inherent Damping Aerodynamic Damping Supplemental Damping Supplemental Damping – Strength and Serviceability Chapter 8 Structural Modeling and Analysis Structural Modeling 8.2 Special Considerations for Reinforced Concrete Structures Chapter 9 Wind Optimization Program 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Building Orientation 9.3 Building Geometry 9.4 Holistic Optimization Chapter 10 Concluding Remarks Concurrent Research and Future Directions 10.2 Closing Remarks References Index

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Book SynopsisProvides an in-depth discussion of the relevance and reliability of sampling methods used in the investigation of constructed facilities. For investigations, the sampling of as-built conditions often becomes a basis on which a forensic engineer draws conclusions about the causes, prevalence, and severity of defects in the facility.

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Book SynopsisProvides design criteria for the determination of the strength of cold-formed stainless steel structural members and connections for use in buildings and other statically loaded structures. This is a significant update to ASCE 8-02 that incorporates the latest findings in both stainless steel and carbon steel research and practice.

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Book SynopsisDescribes deficiency-based and systematic procedures that use performance-based principles to evaluate and retrofit existing buildings to withstand the effects of earthquakes. A primary reference for structural engineers addressing the seismic resilience of existing buildings and for building code officials reviewing such work.

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Book SynopsisSupplies detailed, authoritative explanations of the snow load provisions contained in Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures, Standard ASCE/SEI 7-22. Michael O’Rourke illustrates the key concepts for applying the provisions to the design of structures that could collect falling or drifting snow.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisA detailed, carefully wrought business biography of Henry Clay Frick, one of the leading entrepreneurs in American heavy industry during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

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Book SynopsisBethlehem Steel presents an original and compelling history of a leading American company, examining the numerous factors contributing to the growth of this titan and those that eventually felled it—along with many of its competitors in the U.S. steel industry.Trade Review"[Warren's] research is impressive. Students of industrial history will find Bethlehem Steel a revealing and timely work, defining challenges that all sorts of companies face today, across the U.S. and around the world." - Wall Street Journal"

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Book SynopsisThis innovative Research Companion considers the history, nature and status of construction economics, and its need for development as a field in order to be recognised as a distinct discipline. It presents a state-of-the-art review of construction economics, identifying areas for further research.

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Book SynopsisInvestment in any new project invariably carries risk but the construction industry is subject to more risk and uncertainty than perhaps any other industry.Table of ContentsPreface ix Author’s Biographies xi Acknowledgements xiii 1 Projects and Risk 1 1.1 Construction projects 1 1.2 Decision making 2 1.3 Risk management strategy 4 1.4 Project planning 5 1.5 Summary 6 2 The Project Environment 8 2.1 Projects 8 2.2 The project constitution 9 2.3 Project organisation 11 2.4 Project phases 13 2.5 Effect of project phase on risk 16 2.6 Project appraisal 17 2.7 Summary 19 3 Understanding the Human Aspects 21 3.1 Risk management – context 21 3.2 Risk management – organisations 22 3.3 The risk management process 23 3.4 Some guidelines to the risk management process 24 3.5 The risk workshop 26 3.6 Communication 29 3.7 Summary 30 Reference 30 4 Qualitative Methods and Soft Systems Methodology 31 4.1 Qualitative risk assessment 31 4.2 Review of project programmes and budgets 32 4.3 The risk log 33 4.4 Using a risk log to formulate risk management strategy 35 4.5 Qualitative methods 37 4.6 Soft systems methodology 38 4.7 Case study: SSM in use in the procurement of construction projects 40 4.8 Summary 48 5 Risk and Value Management 49 5.1 Introduction 49 5.2 Approaches to the management of risk 50 5.3 The standard risk management model 52 5.4 Applying risk and value management 53 5.5 Value management processes 55 5.6 Understanding the project risk 56 5.7 Applying value and risk management 62 5.8 Iteration of the process 65 5.9 Summary 66 References 66 6 Quantitative Methods for Risk Analysis 67 6.1 Sanction 67 6.2 Project appraisal and selection 69 6.3 Project evaluation 71 6.4 Engineering risks 72 6.5 Risk management 75 6.6 Probabilistic analysis 76 6.7 Response to risks 79 6.8 Successful risk management 80 6.9 Principles of contingency fund estimation 81 Appendix 6.A: Alternative methods of risk analysis 82 7 The Contribution of Information Technology to Risk Modelling and Simulation 87 7.1 Purpose of RMS 88 7.2 When to use RMS 88 7.3 Requirements of the analyst 90 7.4 Modelling and simulation 90 7.5 Modelling using RMS 91 7.6 Data management 92 7.7 Analytical mechanisms 93 7.8 Classification of RMS 94 7.9 Selection of RMS 95 7.10 Modelling a project for risk management 96 7.11 Data requirements for realistic modelling 98 7.12 Choice of variable distribution 100 7.13 Case study 101 7.14 Case study simulations 107 7.15 Analysis of the result 109 7.16 Discussion of findings 115 7.17 Summary 115 8 Risk Allocation in the Contracting and Procurement Cycle 117 8.1 Typical contracting and procurement processes 117 8.2 Value planning case study 121 8.3 Known and unknown risks in contracts 123 8.4 Risk allocation strategies 125 8.5 Risk allocation according to payment mechanism 135 8.6 Contract award 138 8.7 Summary 140 Reference 141 9 Managing Financial Risks in Major Construction and PFI / PPP Projects 142 9.1 Project financing 142 9.2 Types of finance 143 9.3 Appraisal and validity of financing projects 148 9.4 Typical financial risks 151 9.5 Promoter 152 9.6 Financial risk in concession contracts 153 9.7 Global and elemental risks in concession contracts 155 9.8 Summary 160 10 Risks in International Construction Project Joint Ventures 161 10.1 Background 161 10.2 Concept of joint venture 162 10.3 Motives for joint venture formation 162 10.4 Assessing joint venture success 163 10.5 Case study 165 10.6 Summary 169 Acknowledgement 169 References 169 11 Risk Management at Corporate, Strategic Business Unit and Project Levels 171 11.1 Risk in organisations 171 11.2 Risk management 173 11.3 The risk management process 173 11.4 Benefits of risk management 174 11.5 Recognising risks 175 11.6 Why risk management is used 176 11.7 Risk management actions at different levels 177 11.8 Summary 182 References 183 12 Case Studies 184 12.1 Introduction 184 12.2 Heavy lift vessel design and fabrication programme risk assessment 185 12.3 Risk identification 186 12.4 High Speed 1 189 12.5 Brief history of HS1 190 12.6 The risk management process 193 12.7 Risk assessment, analysis and response 198 12.8 Summary of the preliminary schedule risk analysis results 205 13 Risk Management in a Multi-Project Environment 209 13.1 Introduction 209 13.2 Drivers for the multi-project approach to project delivery 209 13.3 A conceptual model of the multi-project environment 211 13.4 Risks that are unique to or amplified in multi-project environments 213 13.5 The change in mindset required to manage risk in multi-project environments 214 13.6 Summary 217 References 217 Further reading 217 14 Key Issues and Guidance in Practical Risk Management 218 14.1 Decision making 218 14.2 Preparation for risk management 219 14.3 Risk management process 220 14.4 Models 224 14.5 Uncertainty 226 14.6 Socio-technical approach to risk 226 14.7 Summary 228 References 229 Index 231

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Book SynopsisBooks about construction contracts tend to be dense and wordy, but what most architects, quantity surveyors, project managers, builders and employers are looking for is an easily navigable, simple guide to using a contract, written in plain language.Table of ContentsPreface xiv Abbreviations used in the text xvi Notes before reading xvii Part I Preliminaries 1 1 Introduction 1 1.1 What is a contract? 1 1.2 Purpose of building contracts 4 1.3 Types of construction contracts 4 1.4 Characteristics of a standard form 7 1.5 Commonly used contracts 9 1.6 Important background to SBC 11 1.7 SBC and variants 11 2 Basic matters 13 2.1 Works 13 2.2 Drawings 13 2.3 Specification 14 2.4 Schedules 15 2.5 Bills of quantities 15 2.6 The Standard Method of Measurement 16 2.7 Privity of contract and the Third Party Act 17 2.8 Third party rights and collateral warranties 18 2.9 Base Date 19 2.10 Common problems 20 3 About the contract documents 23 3.1 What constitutes the contract? 23 3.2 What are articles and recitals? 24 3.3 How to complete the contract form 25 3.4 Priority of documents 29 3.5 Errors, discrepancies and divergences 30 3.6 Custody and copies 34 3.7 Limits to use 35 3.8 Reckoning days 35 3.9 Certificates, notices and other communications 36 3.10 Applicable law 37 3.11 Common problems 37 4 Related matters 40 4.1 The Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 as amended 40 4.2 Entire contracts 42 4.3 Express and implied terms 43 4.4 Limitation periods 44 4.5 Letters of intent 46 4.6 Quantum meruit 47 4.7 Limited companies 48 4.8 Bonds 49 4.9 Common problems 51 Part Ii Participants 53 5 The architect’s powers and duties 53 5.1 What the architect can do or must do 53 5.2 Specific requirements under the JCT contract 54 5.3 Powers 54 5.4 The architect’s design role under SBC 54 5.5 The architect as agent for the employer 61 5.6 No power to direct contractor 62 5.7 Issue of certificates 63 5.8 The issue of instructions 66 5.9 Instructions in detail 70 5.10 Issue of information 70 5.11 Duties under the contract 73 5.12 General duties 77 5.13 Does the architect have any duty to the contractor? 79 5.14 Common problems 79 6 The contractor’s powers and duties 82 6.1 What the contractor can do or must do 82 6.2 Person-in-charge 82 6.3 Access to the Works and premises 82 6.4 Carrying out the Works 96 6.5 Levels and setting out 98 6.6 Workmanship and materials 98 6.7 Contractor’s master programme and other documents 100 6.8 Statutory obligations 103 6.9 Antiquities 104 6.10 Drawings, details and information 104 6.11 Compliance with architect’s instructions 106 6.12 Suspension of performance 107 6.13 Does the contractor have a duty to warn of design defects? 108 6.14 Common problems 108 7 The employer’s powers and duties 110 7.1 What the employer can or must do 110 7.2 Express and implied powers and duties 110 7.3 General powers 115 7.4 General duties 122 7.5 Common problems 123 8 Consultants 125 8.1 General points 125 8.2 Quantity surveyors 126 8.3 Employer’s representative/project manager 128 8.4 Structural engineers, mechanical engineers and others 129 8.5 Common problems 129 9 The clerk of works 131 9.1 Method of appointment 131 9.2 Duties 131 9.3 Snagging lists 132 9.4 Defacing materials 132 9.5 Common problems 133 10 Sub-contractors and suppliers 134 10.1 General 134 10.2 Assignment 135 10.3 Sub-contracting 136 10.4 Listed sub-contractors 138 10.5 Named specialists 139 10.6 Common problems 140 11 Statutory authorities 143 11.1 Work not forming part of the contract 143 11.2 Statutory authorities in contract 143 11.3 The CDM Regulations 2007 145 11.4 Common problems 147 Part Iii Work in Progress 149 12 Insurance 149 12.1 Why insurance? 149 12.2 Types of insurance in the contract 149 12.3 What is an indemnity? 150 12.4 Injury to persons and property 151 12.5 Things that are the liability of the employer 152 12.6 Insurance terms 153 12.7 Insurance of the Works: alternatives 154 12.8 A new building where the contractor is required to insure 155 12.9 A new building where the employer insures 156 12.10 Alterations or extensions to an existing building 157 12.11 Benefits for sub-contractors 158 12.12 The Joint Fire Code 158 12.13 Terrorism cover 159 12.14 Common problems 159 13 Possession of the site 161 13.1 General 161 13.2 Date of possession 162 13.3 Common problems 163 14 Extension of time 165 14.1 Basics 165 14.2 Extension of time 166 14.3 Grounds 168 14.4 Procedure 177 14.5 Important conditions 186 14.6 Common problems 188 15 Liquidated damages 190 15.1 What are liquidated damages? 190 15.2 Procedure 191 15.3 Common problems 193 16 Financial claims 195 16.1 Loss and expense claims 195 16.2 Procedure 196 16.3 Effect on regular progress 200 16.4 The architect’s opinion 201 16.5 Ascertainment 202 16.6 Reimbursement under other contract provisions 203 16.7 Relevant matters forming the basis of a claim 203 16.8 Certification of direct loss and/or expense 207 16.9 Contractor’s other rights and remedies 208 16.10 Common problems 208 17 Architect’s instructions 210 17.1 Purpose 210 17.2 Scope 210 17.3 Common problems 216 18 Variations 219 18.1 What is a variation? 219 18.2 Does extra work always involve payment? 221 18.3 Valuation 222 18.4 Treatment of approximate quantities, defined and undefined provisional sums 227 18.5 If the conditions for carrying out other work are altered 228 18.6 Valuation of obligations and restrictions 229 18.7 Schedule 2 quotations 229 18.8 Acceleration 231 18.9 Daywork 232 18.10 Valuation of contractor’s designed portion 233 18.11 Common problems 233 19 Payment 235 19.1 The Contract Sum 235 19.2 Valuation 237 19.3 Method and timing 239 19.4 Payment procedure 240 19.5 Retention 243 19.6 Final payment 245 19.7 The effect of certificates 248 19.8 Off-site materials 250 19.9 Fluctuations 251 19.10 Common problems 252 20 Contractor’s design 254 20.1 Contractor’s Designed Portion (CDP) 254 20.2 Documents 254 20.3 The contractor’s obligations 255 20.4 Liability 258 20.5 Variations 259 20.6 Insurance 260 20.7 Common problems 261 Part Iv Closing Stages 263 21 Practical completion 263 21.1 Definition 263 21.2 What the contract says 263 21.3 Consequences 265 21.4 Partial possession and sectional completion 265 21.5 Common problems 267 22 Defects liability 269 22.1 During construction 269 22.2 Rectification period 271 22.3 Definition 271 22.4 Defects, shrinkages or other faults 271 22.5 Frost 272 22.6 Procedure 272 22.7 Common problems 275 23 Termination 276 23.1 General points 276 23.2 Termination by the employer 278 23.3 Grounds: contractor’s defaults 279 23.4 Grounds: insolvency of contractor 282 23.5 Grounds: corruption 283 23.6 Grounds: neutral causes 283 23.7 Grounds: insurance risks and terrorism cover 284 23.8 Consequences of termination for contractor’s default or insolvency 285 23.9 Consequences of termination for neutral causes or insurance risks 288 23.10 Termination by the contractor 288 23.11 Grounds: employer’s defaults 288 23.12 Grounds: insolvency of employer 292 23.13 Grounds: neutral causes 293 23.14 Grounds: insurance risks and terrorism cover 293 23.15 Consequences of termination for employer’s default, neutral causes or insolvency of the employer, etc. 293 23.16 Consequences of termination for insurance risks 294 23.17 Suspension of the Works by the contractor 295 23.18 Common problems 295 Part V Intractable Problems 297 24 Dispute resolution procedures 297 24.1 General 297 24.2 Adjudication 301 24.3 Arbitration 310 24.4 Legal proceedings (litigation) 317 24.5 Mediation 317 24.6 Common problems 317 Notes and references 319 Table of cases 330 Subject index 339 Clause number index to text 346

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Book SynopsisDiscover BIM: A better way to build better buildings Building Information Modeling (BIM) offers a novel approach to design, construction, and facility management in which a digital representation of the building product and process is used to facilitate the exchange and interoperability of information in digital format. BIM is beginning to change the way buildings look, the way they function, and the ways in which they are designed and built. TheBIM Handbook, Third Editionprovides an in-depth understanding of BIM technologies, the business and organizational issues associated with its implementation, and the profound advantages that effective use of BIM can provide to all members of a project team. Updates to this edition include: Information on the ways in which professionals should use BIM to gain maximum value New topics such as collaborative working, national and major construction clients, BIM standards and guides A diTable of ContentsForeword to the Third Edition xvii Preface xxi CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 1.0 Executive Summary 1 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 The Current AEC Business Model 2 1.3 Documented Inefficiencies of Traditional Approaches 9 1.4 BIM: New Tools and New Processes 13 1.5 BIM as a Lifecycle Platform 18 1.6 What Is Not a BIM Platform? 19 1.7 What Are the Benefits of BIM? What Problems Does It Address? 20 1.8 BIM and Lean Construction 25 1.9 What Challenges Can be Expected? 28 1.10 Future of Designing and Building With BIM 30 1.11 Case Studies 30 Chapter 1 Discussion Questions 31 CHAPTER 2 Core Technologies and Software 32 2.0 Executive Summary 32 2.1 The Evolution to Object-Based Parametric Modeling 33 2.2 Beyond Parametric Shapes 48 2.3 BIM Environments, Platforms, and Tools 57 2.4 BIM Model Quality and Model Checking 62 2.5 BIM Platforms 64 2.6 Design Review Applications 76 2.7 Conclusion 82 Chapter 2 Discussion Questions 83 CHAPTER 3 Collaboration and Interoperability 85 3.0 Executive Summary 85 3.1 Introduction 86 3.2 Different Kinds of Data Exchange Methods 88 3.3 Background of Product Data Models 95 3.4 Other Efforts Supporting Standardization 107 3.5 The Evolution from File-Based Exchange to BIM Servers 112 3.6 Interfacing Technologies 124 Chapter 3 Discussion Questions 128 CHAPTER 4 BIM for Owners and Facility Managers 130 4.0 Executive Summary 130 4.1 Introduction: Why Owners Should Care About BIM 131 4.2 Owner’s Role in a BIM Project 133 4.3 Cost and Time Management 142 4.4 An Owner and Facility Manager’s Building Model 154 4.5 Leading the BIM Implementation on a Project 160 4.6 Barriers to Implementing BIM: Risks and Common Myths 167 4.7 Issues for Owners to Consider when Adopting BIM 171 Chapter 4 Discussion Questions 173 CHAPTER 5 BIM for Architects and Engineers 175 5.0 Executive Summary 175 5.1 Introduction 177 5.2 Scope of Design Services 179 5.3 BIM Use in Design Processes 186 5.4 Building Object Models and Libraries 215 5.5 Considerations in Adoption for Design Practice 223 Chapter 5 Discussion Questions 226 CHAPTER 6 BIM for Contractors 228 6.0 Executive Summary 228 6.1 Introduction 230 6.2 Types of Construction Firms 231 6.3 Information Contractors Want from BIM 232 6.4 BIM-Enabled Process Change 234 6.5 Developing a Construction Building Information Model 237 6.6 Using a Contractor Building Information Model 241 6.7 3D: Visualization and Coordination 243 6.8 4D: Construction Analysis and Planning 245 6.9 5D: Quantity Takeoff and Cost Estimating 255 6.10 Production Planning and Control 260 6.11 Off-site Fabrication and Modular Construction 261 6.12 BIM in the Field 263 6.13 Cost and Schedule Control and Other Management Functions 270 6.14 Commissioning and Turnover 272 Chapter 6 Discussion Questions 273 CHAPTER 7 BIM for Subcontractors and Fabricators 275 7.0 Executive Summary 275 7.1 Introduction 276 7.2 Types of Subcontractors and Fabricators 278 7.3 The Benefits of a BIM Process for Subcontractor Fabricators 283 7.4 Generic BIM System Requirements for Fabricators 298 7.5 Specific BIM Requirements for Fabrication 305 7.6 Adopting BIM in a Fabrication Operation 317 Chapter 7 Discussion Questions 322 CHAPTER 8 Facilitators of BIM Adoption and Implementation 323 8.0 Executive Summary 323 8.1 Introduction 324 8.2 BIM Mandates 324 8.3 BIM Roadmaps, Maturity Models, and Measures 330 8.4 BIM Guides 340 8.5 BIM Education and Training 345 8.6 Legal, Security, and Best Practice Issues 358 Chapter 8 Discussion Questions 362 CHAPTER 9 The Future: Building with BIM 364 9.0 Executive Summary 364 9.1 Introduction 366 9.2 BIM Before 2000: Predicting Trends 367 9.3 Development and Impact of BIM: 2000 to 2017 370 9.4 Current Trends 376 9.4.1 Process Trends 377 9.4.2 Technology Trends 381 9.4.3 Integrative Process and Technology Trends 382 9.4.4 Trends in BIM Research 383 9.4.5 Obstacles to Change 385 9.5 Vision 2025 386 9.6 Beyond 2025 394 Acknowledgment 397 Chapter 9 Discussion Questions 397 CHAPTER 10 BIM Case Studies 398 10.0 Introduction 398 Acknowledgments 401 10.1 National Children’s Hospital, Dublin 405 Acknowledgments 419 10.2 Hyundai Motorstudio Goyang, South Korea 419 Acknowledgments 437 10.3 Fondation Louis Vuitton, Paris 437 Acknowledgments 451 10.4 Dongdaemun Design Plaza, Seoul, South Korea 451 Acknowledgments 468 10.5 Saint Joseph Hospital, Denver 468 Acknowledgments 481 Online Sources 481 10.6 Victoria Station, London Underground 482 Acknowledgments 498 10.7 Nanyang Technological University Student Residence Halls, Singapore 499 Acknowledgments 522 10.8 Mapletree Business City II, Singapore 522 Acknowledgments 554 10.9 Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz International Airport, Medina, UAE 554 Acknowledgments 574 10.10 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 574 Acknowledgments 583 10.11 Stanford Neuroscience Health Center, Palo Alto, California 584 Acknowledgments 613 Glossary 614 References 623 Index 639

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Book SynopsisThe essential, authoritative guide to providing accurate, systematic, and reliable estimating for construction projectsnewly revised Pricing and bidding for construction work is at the heart of every construction business, and in the minds of construction consultants' poor bids lead to poor performance and nobody wins. New Code of Estimating Practice examines the processes of estimating and pricing, providing best practice guidelines for those involved in procuring and pricing construction works, both in the public and private sectors. It embodies principles that are applicable to any project regardless of size or complexity. This authoritative guide has been completely rewritten to include much more contextual and educational material as well as the code of practice. It covers changes in estimating practice; the bidding process; the fundamentals in formulating a bid; the pre-qualification process; procurement options; contractual arrangements and legal issues; preliminaries; temporTable of ContentsForeword xi Glossary xiii Code of estimating and tendering practice – principles and procedures xxv Section One Principles – the theory and background 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 An imprecise science 3 1.2 Data, information, and knowledge in estimating 4 1.3 Experience, instinct, gut feel, intuition and bias 5 1.4 Optimism bias 6 2 The Fundamentals 7 2.1 Tender and bid 7 2.2 Pricing 7 2.3 Profitability 8 2.4 Types of tender 9 2.5 Tender award 10 2.6 The difference between procurement and tendering 10 2.7 Methods of procurement 11 3 Changes driving estimating practice 13 3.1 Digitisation 13 3.2 E-Tendering 14 3.3 Legislation and taxation 14 3.4 Bureaucracy 14 3.5 Competition and winning work 14 3.6 Specialisation 15 3.7 New technologies and off-site production 15 3.8 New methods of procurement 15 3.9 Best value 15 4 The bid process 17 4.1 Work breakdown structure 17 4.2 Underlying principles 18 5 Health and safety 25 5.1 Introduction 25 5.2 Estimating the cost of health and safety 25 6 The pre-qualification process 31 6.1 Introduction 31 6.2 Bidding for public sector projects 32 7 Procurement, selection, contractual arrangements and legal issues 37 7.1 Methods of procurement 37 7.2 Two-stage tendering 43 7.3 Framework agreements 44 7.4 Concession contracts 44 7.5 Engineer Procure Construct (EPC) 46 7.6 Prime contracting 46 7.7 Early contractor involvement (ECI) 47 7.8 Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) 47 7.9 Selection processes 47 7.10 Integrated design and construction 49 7.11 E-procurement 49 7.12 E-auctions 50 7.13 Abnormally low tenders 50 8 Preliminaries 51 8.1 Site establishment 51 8.2 Insurances, bonds and so on 58 8.3 Site records 61 8.4 Fees and charges 62 8.5 Compliance 63 8.6 Environmental management 65 8.7 Wastewater treatment system 68 8.8 Waste management 69 8.9 Waste disposal, sorting and storage 71 8.10 Setting out 74 8.11 Control and protection 75 8.12 Completion and post-completion requirements 76 8.13 Contingencies 77 8.14 Management and staff 78 9 Temporary Works 81 9.1 Introduction 81 9.2 Temporary works management 83 9.3 Temporary works co-ordinator (TWC) 83 9.4 Temporary works supervisor 84 9.5 Temporary works register 84 9.6 Temporary works design brief 84 9.7 Scaffolding 89 9.8 Falsework 92 9.9 Formwork 93 9.10 Earthworks 94 9.11 Temporary services 97 9.12 Façade retention 98 9.13 Structures – design and loading 99 9.14 Plant foundations 100 9.15 Protection on-site 100 9.16 Traffic management 101 9.17 Temporary access for vehicles and pedestrians 101 9.18 Barriers for pedestrians and vehicles 101 9.19 Haul roads 102 9.20 Works associated with any ordnance uncovered 102 9.21 Signage 102 9.22 Protection of adjacent properties 102 10 Cost-estimating techniques 103 10.1 Approximate quantities 108 10.2 Cost planning 110 11 Private finance initiative/public–private partnerships/build, operate and transfer, and whole-life costing 113 12 Risk management 115 12.1 Background 115 12.2 Risk analysis 118 12.3 Cost estimating accuracy 118 13 Logistics 121 13.1 Materials logistics plan 122 13.2 Materials management 124 13.3 Personnel management and health and safety 124 13.4 Plant, tools and equipment – maintenance and management 124 13.5 Transportation 124 13.6 Traffic management 127 14 Resource and production planning 129 14.1 Planning techniques 130 14.2 Resource planning 130 14.3 Time – its perception and impact on the estimating process 133 15 Computer-aided cost estimating 135 16 BIM and the estimating process 137 16.1 Overview 137 16.2 The challenges of using BIM in the estimating process 138 Section Two Processes – the practice 139 1 Consider and assess 141 1.1 Receive preliminary enquiry 142 1.2 Consider order backlog/new orders 143 1.3 Decision to tender (bid or no bid) 143 1.4 Project information, schedule and questionnaire 148 1.5 Consider client and consultant team and project delivery availability 149 1.6 Assessment criteria – lowest price/quality and so on 150 1.7 The likely competition 151 2 Information and time planning 153 2.1 Works specialty/works contractor enquiries 154 2.2 The bid team 157 2.3 Produce bid timetable/strategy 158 2.4 Examine documents – contract, design, bonds, warranties and insurance 160 2.5 Site visit – utilities, ground conditions, adjacent properties and so on 162 2.6 Method statement/logistics plan 164 3 Contract terms and conditions 171 3.1 Special employer requirements and modifications to standard clauses 173 4 Resource planning and pricing 175 4.1 Pricing the works 176 4.2 Establish unit rates – labour and plant 178 4.3 Establish unit rates – labour, materials and plant 180 4.4 Labour cost issues – a summary 185 4.5 Build-up unit rates 186 4.6 Gang sizes for activities 189 4.7 Allocation of costs 192 4.8 All-in rates for plant and equipment 194 4.9 Select materials and specialty contractors’ quotations 197 4.10 Specialty contractor quotations 199 4.11 Provisional sums – defined and undefined 200 4.12 Incorporating provisional sums in an estimate 200 4.13 Daywork 204 4.14 Pricing the preliminaries 205 4.15 Add allowances 206 5 Prepare estimator’s report 211 6 Examine and consider 215 6.1 Examine preliminaries 216 6.2 Requests for further information 216 6.3 Examine method and tender programme 216 6.4 Examine resource costs 217 6.5 Consider the competition for the project in the market 217 6.6 Consider cash flow and capital requirements for the project 217 7 Bid assembly and adjudication 219 7.1 Finalise the pricing 220 7.2 Bid adjudication/final review 221 7.3 Qualification of any special items of tender 222 8 Pre-production planning and processes 225 8.1 Develop a detailed method statement 226 8.2 Develop production planning schedule 226 8.3 Allocate resources 227 8.4 Obtain licences and so on from local authority and utilities organisation 227 8.5 Ordering of long lead-time materials, plant and equipment 228 8.6 Request for further information from consultants and specialty contractors 229 8.7 Pre-production schedule prior to work commencement 229 8.8 Check conditions of contract award 229 9 Site production 231 9.1 Pricing change and variation orders 232 9.2 Appointment of specialist contractors 232 9.3 Estimating and pricing contractual claims 232 9.4 Production of final account 233 9.5 Cost–value reconciliation 234 Bibliography and References 235 Index 241

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Book SynopsisA guide to effective corporate and project management in the construction industry with a focus on the role that people play in the process Global Construction Success explores the importance that human dynamics play in risk management of construction projects. Every time a project is structured, designed and built, personal behaviours and inputs can either lead to success or be the cause of failure. With contributions from noted experts on the topic, the book offers insight into stakeholders' reactions in a variety of situations, provides expert analyses of risk management and proposes potential solutions and recommendations in order to ensure effective construction management. The book explores common causes of project failure, outlines the key factors of successful projects, shows how to implement Public Private Partnerships, explores the different stages of structuring projects and reveals what it takes to manage difficult client/contractor relationships. International case studTrade ReviewLord Andrew Adonis – Chair of the UK National Infrastructure Commission 2017 “Charles O’Neil and his co-authors have produced an impressive and important contribution to the construction industry that should be read by everyone involved in construction projects”. _________________________________________________________________________________ Ian Rogers – Senior Legal Adviser, Arup “This hard-hitting collection of essays reveals the real problems in the construction industry, identifying not just the symptoms and how they might be treated, but also tackling the underlying causes. People and governance are top of the list and until these are addressed, change will be merely superficial. It is a vitally important contribution to the debate over the future of a key global industry”. _________________________________________________________________________________ Datuk Sundra Rajoo – Director Asian International Arbitration Centre (AIAC) – Past President of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators, U.K. (2016) “This book is an exceptional collection of insight and wisdom from various experts across the global construction industry. It provides a 360-degree overview of the current state of international construction, including impacts of globalization, a detailed analysis of industry and regional trends in construction as well as the challenges faced by various sectors in the industry, making it relevant across the globe. This book is also written in simple and effective language, identifying the key areas of improvement within the industry and offering viable solutions for all stakeholders concerned. The author has also done a remarkable job in structuring the book in such a way that makes it thorough and comprehensive, which is a boon for all of us in the industry. I believe this book will be a useful reference for all stakeholders concerned with navigating the emerging issues and challenges of risk management that plagues this industry today” _________________________________________________________________________________ Chris Blythe – CEO, The Chartered Institute of Building “A great read with something for anyone wanting a successful construction industry. Construction is the art of getting ordinary people to do extraordinary things. Throughout the book, contributors show the best and worst behaviours that give the industry its extremes of reward and frustration. The wrong behaviours take the ordinary and produce the mediocre by repeating mistakes and not learning from them. Construction is too important as a driver of the global economy for the risks of failure to be as high as they are. This book offers an agenda for de-risking construction.” __________________________________________________________________________________ Gerhard Bester – MD of CAPIC, a South-African owned, specialist consulting services firm in the infrastructure development, construction and engineering industries. “Africa’s decision makers, both public and private, clients and contractors alike, should jump at the opportunity to acquire the benefit of hindsight from the industry in first world countries – Africa generally follows their infrastructure delivery mechanisms, contracting regimes and unfortunately, consequential flaws…Africa has some additional variables to make things more challenging, but we cannot afford to ignore the wisdom and guidance on the way forward if we are to achieve “Global Construction Success” as presented by Charles O’Neil and his co-authors in this aptly named book!” _________________________________________________________________________________ Don Ward – CEO of Constructing Excellence, U.K “So many Governments and industry stakeholders around the world are anxious to see construction sector reform for major improvement in delivery. So why doesn’t it happen faster? The insights in this book are hugely valuable to policy makers and industry leaders everywhere, with their focus on getting strong leadership and vision for projects, modernising the capability of people culture & behaviours in project teams, and aligning common processes and tools. Perhaps most crucial is the alignment of commercial arrangements throughout the supply chain.” _______________________________________________________________________________ Matthew Bell – Senior Lecturer and Co-Director of Studies, Construction Law, Melbourne Law School “Introducing this immensely useful book, Charles O’Neil writes that ‘there is no better experience than learning the hard way’. This is true. Charles and his colleagues have generously shared their experience on construction projects around the world so that the rest of us can recognise and steer away from the commercial, technical and – especially – human factors which cause so many projects to founder”. ___________________________________________________________________________ Nick Barrett – Editor of Construction Law Magazine, U.K. “This book emphasising human factors and risk management in delivering successful construction projects comes at a potentially crucial turning point for the construction industry, with a new readiness to consider major changes to business models and processes evident following the Carillion collapse in the UK. The industry needs to read it”. _________________________________________________________________________________ Mark Farmer – Author of The Construction Industry Review “Modernise or Die” 2016. "I believe we stand at an unprecedented crossroads in the construction industry's evolution driven by a structural and long-term decline in skills and capability. This is no longer another false dawn driven by periodic discontent. The risks of continuing are now all consuming and include the increasingly destructive consequences of poor risk management and embedded conflict. The burgeoning technology led opportunity we are now presented with as our potential saviour will not be maximised though without embracing fundamentally different organisational, procurement and contractual models that drive process integration & common interest. This book is a very useful reference point using key lessons learned and pointing the way forward."_________________________________________________________________________________Catherine Green, NZ Building Disputes Tribunal, BuildLaw "a notable contribution to the literature on construction project management and is a significant book for all who are working in the construction sector.(...)O’Neil’s analysis of the obstacles to senior management and board success are particularly insightful and indisputably of key importance to those who seek to succeed within the sector.(...) In this book, O’Neil and his contributors, have carefully distilled several lifetimes of experience engaged in the construction sector to provide the reader with an extraordinary collection of essays, including references to real-world examples, making the book a practical and easily digestible narrative and analysis which can only assist the reader to attain global construction success." _________________________________________________________________________________ Karen Fletcher, MODERN BUILDING SERVICES October 2019 “Charles O'Neil doesn't pull his punches when describing the problems faced by the global construction industry in his recently-published book Global Construction Success. (...) However, it is also a practical work. O'Neil and 17 contributing authors offer insights into how the industry can learn and improve - removing obstacles to success, ending abuse of supply chains, managing risk better. And while there is an examination of what can go wrong in construction projects, the publication does highlight what makes projects successful. Without giving too much away, competent leadership and professional teams play a major role, along with professional consultants and efficient subcontractors.” _________________________________________________________________________________ Dr Donald Charrett, Published in International Construction Law Review (2019) ICLR 439, © 2019 International Construction Law Review “…comprehensively addresses the many factors that influence the success or failure of a construction project. It is a very practical book – the authors all have many years of experience on major projects in the construction industry. (...) This is one of the book’s great strengths – considered views from a variety of construction practitioners with different perspectives.(...) This book has something of importance for all the stakeholders involved in the delivery of a construction project. They must cooperate to achieve a successful outcome, and along the journey they must manage a variety of risks, which requires robust processes for corporate and project management. A successful project is not achieved in the absence of teamwork and communication – two of the fundamental ‘people’ themes in this excellent book. It will undoubtedly make a significant contribution to more successful construction projects in the future - an important achievement for a better world.” _________________________________________________________________________________ Paul Morrell, PROJECT Autumn 2019 "(...) it is asserted that 99 per cent of crashed projects are attributable to human behaviour, and there are strong chapters on this area - neglected in an industry motivated by a 'projects culture'.(...) competitive advantage comes from being able to demonstrate not just the required body of knowledge, but also the instincts, attitude and skill necessary to navigate one's way through the minefield. This book will help.” Table of ContentsAuthor's Notes xxi Acknowledgements xxiii Biographies xxv Preface xxxiii Why Have I Written this Book? xxxiii Objectives xxxv My Journey from the Australian Bush to International Construction xxxvi Who Should Read this Book and Why? xxxix Conclusion xxxix 1 Introduction 1 Ian Williams 1.1 Opening Remarks 1 1.2 Section A – The State of the Industry (Chapters 2–6) 2 1.3 Section B – People and Teamwork (Chapters 7–11) 2 1.4 Section C – The Right Framework – Forms of Contract, Business Models, and Public Private Partnerships (Chapters 12–15) 3 1.5 Section D – Management of Risk (Chapters 16–23) 3 1.6 Section E – Robust Processes – Corporate and Project Management (Chapters 24–27) 4 1.7 Section F – Emerging Conclusions (Chapter 28) 4 1.8 Final Note 4 Section A – The State of the Industry 5 2 Global Overview of the Construction Industry 7 2.1 Introduction – Globalisation Impacts on Construction 7 2.2 Construction Industry Cycles 7 2.3 Industry Trends – Business Models, Contract Types, Financing, Technology 8 2.4 Regional Trends – Middle East, Asia Pacific, Africa, the Americas, UK and Europe 9 2.5 Bad News and Its Consequences 11 2.6 The Good News – Significant Improvements in the Right Direction 13 2.7 Summary and Conclusions 15 3 Construction Consultants in the Global Market Place 19 Judy Adams 3.1 Introduction 19 3.2 Political Risk 19 3.3 Regional/Cultural Differences 20 3.4 Payment or Fee Recovery 21 3.5 Localisation 21 3.6 Failure to Attract or Retain Skilled People 21 3.7 Contractual Terms and Conditions 22 3.8 Ability to Deliver Across Major Projects/Programmes 22 3.9 Cyber Security 22 3.10 Contractor Failure 23 3.11 Design Liability 23 4 Common Causes of Project Failure 25 4.1 Introduction 25 4.2 High Profile ‘Problem Projects’ Since 2000 26 4.3 The 35 Common Causes 30 4.4 Project Leadership – How Bad Can It Get? 41 4.5 Lessons Learnt from Incompetent Site Management 43 4.6 Conclusion 44 5 The Use and Abuse of Construction Supply Chains 45 Professor Rudi Klein 5.1 Introduction 45 5.2 Construction: An Outsourced Industry 46 5.3 Adverse Economic Forces Bearing Down on the Supply Chain 47 5.4 Supply Chain Dysfunctionality 47 5.5 Addressing the Issues and Solutions 48 5.6 The Future 58 6 A Discussion on Preventing Corporate Failure: Learning from the UK Construction Crisis 59 Stephen Woodward and Nigel Brindley 6.1 A Call to Action’ 59 6.2 Lifting the General Level of Corporate Management 61 6.3 Improving Risk Management 64 6.4 Joint Recommendations by the Corporate Risk Manager and the Investment Banker 65 6.5 Conclusions 67 Section B – People and Teamwork 69 7 Obstacles to Senior Management and Board Success 71 7.1 Introduction 71 7.2 Groupthink and Team Selection 72 7.3 Training 73 7.4 Choosing the Wrong Strategy and/or Projects 74 7.5 Need for ‘Macro-Level’ Focus, with Effective Corporate Oversight (‘the Wider Picture’) 75 7.6 Effective Communication and Delegation 76 7.7 Summary 77 8 Structuring Successful Projects 79 8.1 Introduction 79 8.2 So What Happens on Successful Projects? What Are the Key Factors that Create Success? 79 8.3 The Different Activities and Responsibilities, from Concept to Completion of Construction 80 8.4 Checklist for Structuring Successful Projects 85 8.5 Summary 90 9 Understanding and Managing Difficult Client/Contractor Relationships 91 David Somerset 9.1 Introduction 91 9.2 Problems Posed by Difficult Clients 91 9.3 How to Manage Difficult Clients 92 9.4 Problems Posed by Difficult Contractors 95 9.5 Steps to Manage Difficult Contractors 96 9.6 Conclusion 97 10 Social Intelligence – The Critical Ingredient to Project Success 99 Tony Llewellyn 10.1 Introduction 99 10.2 Project Intelligence 100 10.3 Social Intelligence 100 10.4 Learning and Development 102 10.5 Building Cohesive Teams 103 10.6 Introducing a Specialist into Your Team 103 10.7 Coaching the Team 104 10.8 Managing Behavioural Risk 104 11 Practical Human Resources Considerations 107 11.1 The Changing Job Requirements in the Construction Industry – Government and Corporate 107 11.2 The Argument for Broader Based Training of Tomorrow’s Industry Leaders 108 11.3 What Makes a Good Leader in the Construction Industry – for Contractors, Government Departments and PPP Players? 108 11.4 Personnel Recruitment and Positioning – A Different Perspective 109 11.5 Leadership Considerations 110 11.6 The Inherent Risks of Decision Making for Survival 112 11.7 The Human Fallout from a Failed Project 113 11.8 Summary 114 Section C – The Right Framework – Forms of Contract, Business Models, and Public Private Partnerships 115 12 The Contract as the Primary Risk Management Tool 117 Rob Horne 12.1 Common understanding (or lack thereof) 118 12.2 Clarity 118 12.3 Knowledge transfer 119 12.4 Adaptability 119 12.5 Acceptance 119 12.6 Application 119 13 The New Engineering Contract (NEC) Interface with Early Warning Systems and Collaboration 129 Richard Bayfield 14 Development Contracting – An EfficientWay to Implement Major Projects 133 Jon Lyle 14.1 Introduction 133 14.2 Major Projects Are Unique 133 14.3 Commitment and Costs 134 14.4 The Tools for Successful Development Contracting 135 14.5 Conclusion 145 15 A Critical Review of PPPs and Recommendations for Improvement 147 15.1 Introduction 147 15.2 Proponents and Opponents 150 15.3 Project Viability and Necessary Due Diligence 153 15.4 Some Current Perspectives on the PPP Process 155 15.5 Efficient Structuring and Managing of PPPs 160 15.6 PPP Claims and Disputes 164 15.7 Summary of Key Factors for Success and Minimising Risk 165 Section D – Management of Risk 167 16 A Tale of Oil Rigs, Space Shots, and Dispute Boards: Human Factors in Risk Management 169 Dr Robert Gaitskell QC 16.1 Human Factors in Risk Management 169 16.2 The Challenger Disaster 169 16.3 Dispute Boards 171 16.4 Nuclear Fusion 173 16.5 The ITER Project 174 16.6 Conclusion 175 17 Effective Risk Management Processes 177 17.1 Introduction 177 17.2 Effects of Human Behaviour in Risk Management 177 17.3 Typical Project Risks 178 17.4 Keeping Risk Management Simple 180 17.5 Procedures to Eliminate, Mitigate, and Control Risks 183 17.6 Conclusions 187 18 Risk Management and its Relation to Success in the North American Context 189 John McArthur 18.1 Introduction 189 18.2 Relationship of Success to Risk Management 191 18.3 Planning for Success and Managing Risks 194 18.4 Go/No-Go Stage 194 18.5 Summary 196 18.6 Recent Projects: A Success and a Failure 197 19 Early Warning Systems (EWSs), the Missing Link 199 Edward Moore and Tony Llewellyn 19.1 Introduction 199 19.2 Look Outside of the Technical Bubble 199 19.3 Cultural Barriers 200 19.4 Learning to Value ‘Gut Feel’ 201 19.5 Case Study 202 19.6 Summary 204 20 Construction Risk Management – Technology to Manage Risk (ConTech) 205 Rob Horne 20.1 Introduction to Technology in Construction 205 20.2 What Do We Mean by ConTech? 206 20.3 ConTech as a Tool Not a Toy 209 20.4 Major Projects – Temporary Smart Cities 211 20.5 Smart City Principles 212 20.6 ‘Smart’ Commercial Management 213 20.7 Dehumanising Risk Management 214 20.8 Joining the Dots for Exponential Growth 218 20.9 Project Control and Risk Management –The Future 223 20.10 Conclusion 225 21 Intelligent Document Processes to Capture Data and Manage Risk and Compliance 227 Graham Thomson 21.1 Introduction 227 21.2 The Dimensions of IDF 229 22 Organisational Information Requirements for Successful BIM Implementation 233 Dr Noha Saleeb 22.1 Introduction 233 22.2 Leveraging Organisational Information Requirements for Business Success 234 22.3 Developing OIRs Using BIM 236 22.4 Conclusion 243 References 243 23 Examples of Successful Projects and how they Managed Risk 245 23.1 Introduction 245 23.2 People, People, People – London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games 245 Ian Williams 23.2.1 Governance 247 23.3 Managing Risk – Tunnels for Heathrow’s Terminal 5 (2001–2005) 249 Ian Williams Acknowledgements 255 Bibliography 256 23.4 Cyber Design Development – Alder Hey Institute in the Park, UK 256 Stephen Warburton 23.5 The Importance of Clear Ownership and Leadership by the Senior Management of the Client and the Contractor 258 Charles O’Neil Section E – Robust Processes – Corporate and Project Management 261 24 Planning and Programming Major Projects 263 Charles O’Neil and Rob Horne 24.1 The Foundations of Success 263 24.2 Monitoring ‘Progress versus Programme’ and ‘Cost-to-Complete versus Budget’ 265 24.3 Extensions of Time, Concurrency and Associated Costs 267 24.4 Ownership of Float 270 25 Managing and Resolving Conflict 275 David Richbell 25.1 Conflict Can Be Good 275 25.1.1 Different Truths 275 25.1.2 Difficult Conversations 275 25.2 Co-operation Versus Confrontation 276 25.3 We Are All Different 276 25.4 Fairness or Justice (or Both) 278 25.5 Relationships 278 25.6 The Move Towards Collaborative Working 279 25.7 Best Deals 279 25.8 Staged Resolution 279 25.9 Conclusion 282 26 Dispute Resolution – The Benefits and Risks of Alternative Methods 283 26.1 Introduction 283 26.2 Avoiding Formal Disputes Through Early Communications and Negotiations 283 26.3 Main Considerations of the Parties When They End Up in a Formal Dispute 285 26.4 What Do Commercial Clients Want Out of a Formal Dispute Process? 285 26.5 Working with Lawyers 286 26.6 Techniques for Negotiating Settlements 287 27 Peer Reviews and Independent Auditing of Construction Projects 291 Section F – Emerging Conclusions 295 28 Conclusions and Recommendations 297 28.1 Overview 297 28.2 Where Is the Global Industry Headed? 298 28.3 Key Observations and Recommended Actions 299 28.4 Final Thoughts 303 Appendix A 305 Index 307

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Book SynopsisWHY DO BUILDINGS COLLAPSE IN EARTHQUAKES? Learn from the personal experience and insights of leading earthquake engineering specialists as they examine the lessons from disasters of the last 30 years and propose a path to earthquake safety worldwide Why Do Buildings Collapse in Earthquakes?: Building for Safety in Seismic Areas delivers an insightful and comprehensive analysis of the key lessons taught by building failures during earthquakes around the world. The book uses empirical evidence to describe the successes of earthquake engineering and disaster preparedness, as well as the failures that may have had tragic consequences. Readers will learn what makes buildings in earthquake zones vulnerable, what can be done to design, build and maintain those buildings to reduce or eliminate that vulnerability, and what can be done to protect building occupants. Those who are responsible for the lives and safety of building occupants and visitorsarchitects, designers, Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Chapter 1. Introduction: why this book? 1.1 Earthquakes - an underrated hazard 1.2 Earthquakes, buildings, people 1.3 The authors’ experience of earthquake risk assessment 1.4 Aims of this book 1.5 Outline of the book References Chapter 2. How do buildings behave in earthquakes? 2.1 Learning from earthquakes 2.2 Significant earthquakes since 2000 2.3 What can we learn from these significant earthquakes? 2.4 Earthquake losses in rich and poor countries 2.5 Are earthquake losses decreasing over time? References Chapter 3. How are buildings constructed in earthquake zones? 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Built form, climate and earthquake resistance 3.3 Building construction types by earthquake zone Box 3.1 Profile: Randolph Langenbach 3.4 Summary References Chapter 4. What happens in an earthquake? 4.1 What is an earthquake? 4.2 Volcanic earthquakes and Induced seismicity 4.3 How earthquakes travel through different media 4.4 Secondary Hazards Box 4.1 Profile: Toshitaka Katada 4.5 Compound threats References Chapter 5. How do different forms of construction behave in earthquakes? 5.1 Introduction: range and classification of building construction types 5.2 Masonry construction Box 5.1 Profile: Laurie Baker 5.3 Reinforced concrete construction 5.4 Timber frame construction 5.5 Steel frame construction 5.6 Comparing the vulnerability of different construction types References Chapter 6 How is the population affected? 6.1 Causes of earthquake casualties 6.2 Casualties due to building collapses 6.3 Survivability of an occupant in a building 6.4 Other causes of casualties 6.5 How can we estimate the number of injured and killed in an earthquake? 6.6 Estimating fatalities due to building collapses 6.7 Estimating casualties from secondary hazards and cascading effects 6.8 The way forward References Chapter 7. How can buildings be improved? 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Design of engineered buildings 7.3 Strengthening existing buildings 7.4 Building for safety programmes Box 7.1 Profile: Amod Dixit Box 7.2 Profile: Rajendra and Rupal Desai 7.5 Public awareness of earthquake risk: creating a safety culture References Chapter 8. Successes and failures in earthquake protection: a country comparison 8.1 Introduction: the survey 8.2 High achievers 8.3 Limited achievers 8.4 Continuing and growing risks 8.5 Country comparison of unsafe structures 8.6 Comparison of the country groups Acknowledgements References Chapter 9. The way forward: what part can different actors play? 9.1 International agencies and global initiatives 9.2 Governments 9.3 Businesses and organisations 9.4 Homeowners and individual citizens Box 9.1. Profile: Tracy Monk 9.5 Scientists and Engineers Box 9.2 Profile: Edward Ng Box 9.3 Profile: Lucy Jones 9.6 Non-government organisations 9.7 Insurers 9.8 The way forward References

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Book SynopsisThere is a growing interest in the use of wood in new building, not least because it has low embodied energy and it is an infinitely renewable resource. Despite a great deal of innovation in the use of wood in construction in recent years, the fundamentals of using this natural material have not really changed: the different types of wood have different properties and differing responses to the environment in which they are used. When used correctly, wood is an excellent building material but when inappropriately specified or used, it may cause problems.Poor understanding of the properties of wood and the many species and grades that are commercially available can result in this versatile material performing below expectation, and certainly less well than could have been achieved with greater understanding about how best to use it. How Wood Works is a combination of the author's two previous books, into one comprehensive volume. Revised and updated material to deal with the essentiaTable of ContentsPreface xiii Part One How Timber Works: Wood as a Material – Its Main Processes and Uses 1 1 Wood as a Material 3 1.1 Tree growth and wood formation 5 1.2 Cellulose, carbon dioxide, and oxygen 7 1.3 The essential cell structure of wood 9 1.4 Wood grain 11 1.5 Dimensional changes in wood 15 1.6 Cambium, pith, heartwood, and sapwood 17 1.7 Natural durability 20 1.8 Permeability in timber 21 1.9 Pits 24 1.10 Chapter summary 26 2 More on Wood – With Some Comments about Timber Trading 29 2.1 Should we call it ‘wood’ or ‘timber’ (or even ‘lumber’)? 29 2.2 Wood species and timber trading 30 2.3 Softwoods and hardwoods 30 2.4 Some more information on wood’s cell structure 33 2.5 The significance of ‘trade names’ versus ‘scientific names’ 38 2.6 Growth rings 42 2.7 Earlywood and latewood 43 2.8 Rate of growth in softwoods 43 2.9 Rate of growth in hardwoods 45 2.10 Chapter summary 48 3 Two Fundamental Factors in Using Wood: Fire and Water 49 3.1 Wood and fire 49 3.2 Wood and moisture 54 3.3 Kiln drying 66 3.4 Air drying 69 3.5 Problems with timber as it dries 72 3.6 Timescales for drying timber 79 3.7 Chapter summary 81 4 Specifying Timber: For Indoor or Outdoor Uses – With Some Information on the Biological Attack of Wood 83 4.1 British and European standards 83 4.2 Durability and treatability of different wood species 84 4.3 Use classes 85 4.4 Examples of the use of timbers in different use class situations 86 4.5 Hazard and risk – and their relative importance 87 4.6 Use class 1: examples 87 4.7 Insects that can attack wood 91 4.8 Treatment against insect attack 94 4.9 Use class 2: examples 95 4.10 Use class 3: examples 97 4.11 Use class 4: examples 102 4.12 Wet rot and ‘dry rot’ 107 4.13 Modified wood 109 4.14 Use class 5: examples – plus two marine organisms which can eat wood 110 4.15 Chapter summary 112 5 Wood Preservatives and Wood Finishes 115 5.1 Rule number one: treat the timber last! 115 5.2 Wood preservative types 117 5.3 ‘Old’ and ‘new’ treatments 117 5.4 Basic methods of timber treatment 117 5.5 Preservative chemicals 120 5.6 ‘Treated’ timber 123 5.7 Chapter summary 131 6 Timber Quality: Defects in Wood and Grading for Appearance 133 6.1 The need for grading 134 6.2 ‘Quality’ or ‘grade’? 135 6.3 Quality 136 6.4 Grade 137 6.5 Different types of grading 137 6.6 ‘Appearance’ grading 137 6.7 Appearance grading based on selection by inherent defects 138 6.8 Scandinavian appearance grades 141 6.9 Unsorted, fifths, and sixths 143 6.10 Russian appearance grades 144 6.11 Saw falling 145 6.12 European appearance grades 145 6.13 North American appearance grades 146 6.14 Clears, merchantable, and commons 148 6.15 A comparison of Scandinavian and North American grades 149 6.16 Appearance grading based on ‘cuttings’ 149 6.17 NHLA grades 150 6.18 Malaysian grades 154 6.19 Rules are made to be bent (within reason!) 157 6.20 Shipper’s usual 157 6.21 J classes 158 6.22 Exposed face 159 6.23 Chapter summary 160 7 Strength Grading and Strength Classes 163 7.1 Appearance versus strength 166 7.2 Visual strength grades 166 7.3 GS and SS strength grades 167 7.4 Strength classes for softwoods 168 7.5 BS EN 1912 168 7.6 SC3, SC4: C16 and C24 169 7.7 Machine grading 171 7.8 Other strength grades: Europe and North America 172 7.9 Select structural, no. 1 and no. 2 structural, and stud grades 172 7.10 TR26 173 7.11 CLS 175 7.12 Specifying a strength class or wood species: things to think about 176 7.13 Hardwood strength grading 177 7.14 Tropical hardwoods 178 7.15 Temperate hardwoods 178 7.16 The ‘size effect’ 179 7.17 Hardwood strength classes 180 7.18 Marking of strength-graded timber 181 7.19 Chapter summary 183 8 Wood-Based Sheet Materials 185 8.1 Plywood construction 186 8.2 Two fundamental properties of plywood 186 8.3 The basic types of plywood 188 8.4 Problems with veneer ‘layup’ 192 8.5 ‘WBP’ 192 8.6 Exterior 194 8.7 EN 636 plywood types 194 8.8 Adhesives used in plywood 195 8.9 BS 1088 marine plywood 196 8.10 Plywood glue bond testing 197 8.11 Plywood face quality 199 8.12 Appearance grading of face veneers 199 8.13 Plywood certification 202 8.14 Particleboards 205 8.15 Fibreboards 208 8.16 Chapter summary 212 9 Principles of Timber Engineering (by Iain Thew) 215 9.1 Timber as an ‘engineering material’ 216 9.2 Loads: their actions on structures 217 9.3 Load transfer 218 9.4 Bending, compression, and tension stresses 218 9.5 The use of strength classes 220 9.6 Load duration and its significance 222 9.7 Effects of timber moisture content on engineering properties 223 9.8 Load sharing 224 9.9 Deflection and ‘creep’ 224 9.10 Trussed rafters 225 9.11 ‘Engineered timber’ joists 226 9.12 Glulam and LVL 227 9.13 Cross-laminated timber 229 9.14 Chapter summary 230 Part Two Using Timber and Wood-Based Products in Legal and Sustainable Way 231 10 Some Things You Should Know About Wood, Trees, and Forests 233 10.1 Some very basic comments on how trees grow 233 10.2 How long can trees live for – and how ‘old’ is an old tree? 235 10.3 The properties of different timbers 236 10.4 Distribution of tree types 236 10.5 Natural forests 238 10.6 Managed forests: conifers 242 10.7 Managed forests: broadleaved trees 245 10.8 Plantations: both softwoods and hardwoods 247 10.9 Planting trees to help with climate change 253 11 The Concept of ‘Sustainability’ 255 11.1 Being sustainable: a definition – and a target 255 11.2 What can we do to help? 258 11.3 Should we be cutting down trees? 259 11.4 Using the forest resource: the economic argument 262 11.5 Legal harvesting 263 11.6 The UK Timber Trade Federation and its ‘responsible purchasing policy’ 265 12 Voluntary Timber Certification Schemes 269 12.1 Some more details about the RPP 269 12.2 Checking legality I: the Corruption Perceptions Index 271 12.3 Checking legality II: FLEGT 275 12.4 Checking legality III: MYTLAS 277 12.5 Checking legality IV: other ‘legality’ certification schemes 278 12.6 Checking sustainability: chain-of-custody certification 280 12.7 UKWAS 286 12.8 Third-party assurance 287 12.9 How chain-of-custody schemes operate 287 13 UK Government, EU, and Other Countries’ Regulations: Legally Trading in World Timbers 289 13.1 Checking up on the checkers: CPET and beyond 289 13.2 Help with legality and sustainability requirements in a UK context 290 13.3 The UK government’s requirements for TPP 290 13.4 Category A and category B: ‘proof of compliance’ 291 13.5 Current and future supplies of certified timber 293 13.6 The EUTR: Europe’s compulsory ‘timber legality scheme’ 294 13.7 Due Diligence 294 13.8 How to Satisfy the EUTR (or now, in the UK, the UKTR) 295 13.9 Putting together a due diligence system 297 13.10 Maintaining a due diligence system 298 13.11 ‘First placer on the market’ 299 13.12 CE marking and the CPR 300 13.13 CITES: what exactly is It? 301 14 Softwoods Used in Construction – With Their Main Properties and Sustainability Credentials 307 14.1 European redwood, or scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) 308 14.2 European whitewood (principally Picea abies) 310 14.3 Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) 311 14.4 Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) 312 14.5 ‘Douglas fir’ (Pseudotsuga menziesii) 313 14.6 Larch (mainly Larix decidua and Larix kaempferi/Larix leptolepis) 314 14.7 ‘Western red cedar’ (Thuja plicata) 315 14.8 Southern pine (Pinus spp., principally Pinus elliottii, Pinus echinata, Pinus palustris, and Pinus taeda) 316 14.9 Yellow pine (Pinus strobus) 317 14.10 Species groups 318 15 Some Hardwoods Used in Construction – With Their Main Properties and Sustainability Credentials 321 15.1 ‘Vulnerable’ timbers 322 15.2 Timber names: a bit more information 323 15.3 Ash, American (Fraxinus spp.) 324 15.4 Ash, European (Fraxinus excelsior) 326 15.5 Ayan (Distemonanthus benthamianus) 326 15.6 Basralocus (Dicorynia guianensis or Dicorynia paraensis) 328 15.7 Beech, European (Fagus sylvatica) 328 15.8 Bilinga 329 15.9 Birch, European (mainly Betula pubescens, sometimes Betula pendula) 329 15.10 Cherry, American (Prunus serotina) 330 15.11 Chestnut, sweet (Castanea sativa) 330 15.12 Cupiuba 331 15.13 Ekki (Lophira alata) 331 15.14 Eucalyptus 332 15.15 Eveuss (Klainedoxa gabonensis) 332 15.16 Gedu nohor (Entandrophragma angolense) 332 15.17 Greenheart (Chlorocardium rodiei; formerly Ocotea rodaiei) 332 15.18 Guariuba (Clarisia racemosa) 333 15.19 Idigbo (Terminalia ivorensis) 333 15.20 Iroko (Milicia excelsa) 334 15.21 Kabukalli (Goupia glabra) 334 15.22 Kapur (Dryobalanops spp.) 335 15.23 Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) 335 15.24 Kosipo (Entandrophragma candollei) 336 15.25 Mahogany, African (principally Khaya ivorensis and Khaya anthotheca) 337 15.26 Mahogany, Central American (Swietenia macrophylla) 337 15.27 Maple (Acer saccharum) 338 15.28 Majau (Shorea spp.) 338 15.29 Massaranduba (Manilkara spp.) 338 15.30 Meranti (Shorea spp.) 339 15.31 Merbau (Intsia bijuga) 340 15.32 Missanda (Erythrophleum guineense and Erythrophleum ivorense) 340 15.33 Movingui 341 15.34 Oak, American red (principally Quercus rubra and Quercus falcata) 341 15.35 Oak, American white (principally Quercus alba and Quercus prinus, but also Quercus lyrata and Quercus michauxii) 341 15.36 Oak, European (mainly Quercus robur, but also Quercus petraea) 342 15.37 Obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon) 343 15.38 Omu 343 15.39 Opepe (Nauclea diderrichii) 343 15.40 Padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii) 344 15.41 ‘Red grandis’ (really Eucalyptus grandis) 344 15.42 Sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum) 345 15.43 Tatajuba (Bagassa guianensis) 346 15.44 Teak (Tectona grandis) 346 15.45 Tali 347 15.46 Tiama 347 15.47 Tulipwod 347 15.48 Utile (Entandrophragma utile) 347 15.49 Walnut, American (Juglans nigra) 348 15.50 Walnut, European (Juglans regia) 348 15.51 Whitewood, American or tulipwood (Liriodendron tulipifera) 349 16 The Use and Reuse of Timber and Wood-Based Products: The Carbon Cycle, End-of-Life Disposal, and Using Wood as Biomass 351 16.1 Should we ‘save’ all the trees? 351 16.2 The true ‘carbon cycle’ 352 16.3 End-of-life disposal of timber and wood-based products 353 16.4 Recycled timber 354 16.5 Disposal of timber in landfill 355 16.6 Burning wood: fossil fuels versus biomass 356 16.7 Biomass 357 17 Energy Considerations: Other Construction Materials Compared with Wood 361 17.1 Embodied energy 362 17.2 Cradle-to-grave analysis 364 17.3 Cradle to cradle: or the ‘circular economy’ 366 17.4 BREEAM 366 17.5 Assessment criteria 367 17.6 Contribution of timber to ‘sustainable building’ 368 17.7 The overall cost of being ‘sustainable’ 370 Appendix A A Glossary of Wood and Timber Terms Used in the Timber and Construction Industries 371 Appendix B A Select Bibliography of Some Useful Technical Reference Works, Plus Some Other Information on Timber and Wood-Based Products 385 Appendix C Some Helpful Technical, Advisory, and Trade Bodies Concerned with Timber 387 Index 389

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Book SynopsisTired of new software that doesn't seem to work in the field? Ready to get your teams up to speed and productive with the latest tools? The Construction Technology Handbook takes a ground up, no jargon look at technology in the construction industry. From clear, quickly grasped explanations of how popular software actually works to how companies both large and small can efficiently try out and onboard new tools, this book unlocks new ways for construction field teams, firm owners, managers, leaders, and employees to do business. You'll learn about: Simple frameworks for making sense of all the new options cropping upHow software and data work and how they work together to make your job easier and saferWhat artificial intelligence really isand how it can help real companies todayTools that are just over the horizon that will, one day, make your job just a little bit easierNew and practical resources to help you incorporate an attitude of innovation and technology adoption into your workplace Perfect for general contractors and subcontractors, The Construction Technology Handbook also belongs on the bookshelves of construction technology vendors and construction workers who want to better understand the needs of the construction industry and the inner workings of construction technology, respectively.Table of ContentsForeword ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Software 25 Chapter 3 Software Networks 49 Chapter 4 Construction Software 69 Chapter 5 Industrialized Construction 93 Chapter 6 Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence 101 Chapter 7 Applying Artificial Intelligence 123 Chapter 8 Future Tools 141 Chapter 9 Innovation and Technology Adoption 161 Chapter 10 The Digital Construction Mindset 187 Bibliography 191 About the Author 193 Index 195

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Book SynopsisCONSTRUCTION MICROECONOMICS Unique and comprehensive reference describing microeconomic approaches, theories, and models adapted to and developed for the construction industry Construction Microeconomics provides comprehensive coverage of microeconomics applied to the construction industry, focusing on construction clients, who initiate construction projects, and on contractors who transform the ideas and plans of clients into infrastructure and buildings. With the help of microeconomic theory, it tries to answer questions about decision-making by clients, contractors, and governments with respect to projects in the built environment. It includes discussions of alternative theories to mainstream microeconomics, such as new institutional economics, behavioral economics, and the capability approach. Applications from the construction sector including land supply, sustainability, industrialization, and lean construction are provided to ground the theory in practical construction. In ConstTable of ContentsForeword by Gerard de Valence xix Preface xxi References xxvi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Navigating the Maze of Economic Literature 2 1.1.1 Economics 2 1.1.2 Microeconomics 3 1.1.3 Macroeconomics 4 1.1.4 Construction Economics 4 1.2 Tools and Presentations 5 1.2.1 Definitions 5 1.2.2 Economic Scholars 6 1.2.3 Assumptions 6 1.2.4 Case Studies 6 1.2.5 Observations 7 1.2.6 Summaries 7 1.3 Methodological Approach 8 1.3.1 Laws and Regularities 8 1.3.2 Focus and Goals 11 1.3.3 Descriptive and Normative Economics 12 1.4 Theoretical Background 13 1.4.1 Industrial Economics 13 1.4.2 New Institutional Economics 14 1.4.3 Game Theory 15 1.4.4 Auction Theory 16 1.4.5 Behavioral Economics 16 1.4.6 Economics of Information 17 1.4.7 Law and Economics 17 1.5 What You Can and Cannot Expect 17 1.6 Audience 19 1.6.1 Students 19 1.6.2 Lecturers 19 1.6.3 Academics 19 1.6.4 Contractors 19 1.6.5 Owners 20 1.6.6 Policymakers 20 1.7 Structure of the Text 20 1.7.1 Basic Economic Principles 20 1.7.2 Consumers in Perfectly Competitive Markets 21 1.7.3 Producers in Perfectly Competitive Markets 21 1.7.4 Interaction in Perfectly Competitive Markets 21 1.7.5 Imperfect Markets 22 1.7.6 Factor Markets 22 1.7.7 Information, Risk, and Uncertainty 22 1.7.8 Game Theory and Auctions 23 1.7.9 Construction Sector 23 1.7.10 Theory of the Owner 23 1.7.11 Theory of the Contractor 24 1.7.12 Construction Goods 24 1.7.13 Construction Markets 24 1.7.14 Contracting 25 1.7.15 Market Imperfections 25 1.7.16 Government 25 1.7.17 Public Construction Goods 26 1.7.18 Conclusion 26 1.7.19 Synopsis 26 References 27 Part I Microeconomics 31 2 Basic Economic Principles 33 2.1 Consensual Ideas 35 2.2 Scarcity and Choice 36 2.3 Decision-Making 39 2.3.1 Opportunity Costs 39 2.3.2 Incentives 40 2.3.3 Marginal Decisions 41 2.4 Markets 41 2.5 Trade and Comparative Advantage 44 2.6 Government 47 References 48 3 Consumers in Perfectly Competitive Markets 51 3.1 Perfectly Competitive Markets 53 3.2 Consumer Behavior 55 3.2.1 Budget Constraint 55 3.2.2 Preferences and Utility Functions 56 3.2.3 Utility Maximization 60 3.3 Demand Curve 62 3.4 Further Reading 64 References 65 4 Producers in Perfectly Competitive Markets 67 4.1 Producer Behavior 68 4.2 Production Theory 70 4.2.1 Technology 71 4.2.2 Production Functions 75 4.2.2.1 Classical Production Function 77 4.2.2.2 Neoclassical Production Function 79 4.2.2.3 Limitational Production Function 82 4.2.2.4 Technological Change (Innovation) and Learning 83 4.3 Cost Theory 85 4.3.1 Cost Curves for Classical Production Functions 86 4.3.2 Cost Curves for Neoclassical Production Functions 88 4.3.3 Cost Curves for Limitational Production Functions 89 4.3.4 Simplified Cost Function with Constantly Increasing Variable Costs 89 4.3.5 Long-Run Cost Curves 91 4.4 Supply Curve 92 4.4.1 Short-Run Supply Curve of a Firm 92 4.4.2 Long-Run Supply Curve of a Firm 94 4.4.3 Market Supply Curve 94 References 95 5 Interaction in Perfectly Competitive Markets 97 5.1 Equilibrium Price and Quantity 99 5.2 Comparative Statics 101 5.3 Elasticities of Demand and Supply 102 5.4 Consumer and Producer Surplus 106 5.5 Time-Dependent Supply Curves and Market Outcomes 107 5.5.1 Very-Short-Run Supply Curve 108 5.5.2 Short-Run Supply Curve 108 5.5.3 Long-Run Supply Curve 109 5.6 Welfare 110 5.7 Efficiency and Equity 112 References 113 6 Imperfect Markets 115 6.1 Monopoly 117 6.1.1 Normal Monopolies 118 6.1.2 Natural Monopolies 120 6.2 Monopolistic Competition 121 6.3 Monopsony 124 6.4 Oligopoly 125 References 126 7 Factor Markets 129 7.1 Factor Supply of Households 131 7.1.1 Labor Supply 131 7.1.2 Capital Supply 133 7.2 Factor Demand of Firms 135 7.3 Demand and Supply on Factor Markets 137 References 137 8 Uncertainty, Risk, and Information 139 8.1 Uncertainty and Risk 140 8.1.1 Risk Attitudes 141 8.1.2 Risk Strategies 142 8.1.3 Transaction Cost Theory 144 8.2 Information 146 8.2.1 Satisficing Model of Decision-Making 146 8.2.2 Asymmetric Information 149 8.2.2.1 Principal–Agent Theory 149 8.2.2.2 Market Breakdown Due to Asymmetric Information 149 8.2.2.3 Hidden Characteristics and Adverse Selection 150 8.2.2.4 Hidden Intentions and Holdup 151 8.2.2.5 Hidden Action and Moral Hazard 152 8.2.3 Property Rights Theory 153 References 153 9 Game Theory and Auctions 155 9.1 Game Theory 156 9.1.1 Basics of Game Theory 157 9.1.2 Static Games with Complete Information 159 9.1.3 Dynamic Games with Complete Information 160 9.2 Auctions 161 9.2.1 Basics of Auctions 161 9.2.2 English and Vickrey Auctions 163 9.2.3 Dutch Auctions and Sealed-Bid Auctions 164 9.2.4 Competitive Bidding 164 References 167 Part II Applied Construction Microeconomics 169 10 Construction Sector 171 10.1 Definition 172 10.2 Economic Contribution 174 10.2.1 Value-Added Concept 174 10.2.2 Investment Concept 176 10.2.3 Multiplier Concept 177 10.3 Actors in the Construction Sector 179 10.3.1 Market Demand 181 10.3.2 Market Supply 183 10.4 Summary of the Construction Sector 185 References 186 11 Theory of the Owner 189 11.1 The Owner as an Entity 190 11.1.1 Terminology 190 11.1.2 Images and Prejudices 191 11.1.3 Organization 192 11.2 Tasks of the Owner 194 11.3 Behavior of the Owner 195 11.3.1 Consumers Buying Construction Goods 195 11.3.2 Producers Buying Construction Goods 196 11.4 Information of the Owner 197 11.5 Developing a Contract 198 11.6 Procurement of a Contractor 199 11.7 Supervision of the Construction Process 202 11.8 Summary 203 References 203 12 Theory of the Contractor 205 12.1 The Contractor as an Entity 205 12.1.1 Cooperation 206 12.1.2 Organization 207 12.2 Tasks of the Contractor 208 12.3 Behavior of the Contractor 209 12.3.1 Strategy 211 12.3.2 Legal Organization 212 12.3.3 Growth of the Firm 214 12.4 Information of the Contractor 215 12.5 Bidding 216 12.6 Contractor Pricing 217 12.7 Production 220 12.7.1 General Characteristics 220 12.7.2 Production Determinants 222 12.7.2.1 Production Line, Work Shop, Site Construction, Parallel, or Variable Production 222 12.7.2.2 Automatization 224 12.7.2.3 Mass or Single-Item Production 225 12.7.2.4 Continuous and Discontinuous Production 225 12.7.2.5 Summary of Production Types 226 12.7.3 Production Functions and Cost Curves 228 12.7.4 Production Decisions 233 12.8 Summary 234 References 234 13 Construction Goods 237 13.1 Goods and Services 237 13.1.1 Heterogeneity 238 13.1.2 Construction Goods as Transitional Performance Bundles 240 13.1.3 Construction Goods as Contract Goods 242 13.1.4 Construction Goods as Investment 244 13.1.5 Construction Goods as Services 244 13.1.6 Summary of the Characteristics of Construction Goods 246 13.2 Typology of Construction Goods 247 13.2.1 Approach to Developing a Typology 248 13.2.2 Conceptualization 248 13.2.2.1 Choice of Dimensions 249 13.2.2.2 Typical Cases 250 13.2.2.3 Typology 250 13.2.3 Applications 253 13.2.3.1 Market Entry 253 13.2.3.2 Optimum Firm Size 253 13.2.3.3 Strategic Planning 255 13.3 Summary 256 References 256 14 Construction Markets 259 14.1 Characteristics of Markets 259 14.2 Particularities of Construction Markets 261 14.2.1 Goods 261 14.2.2 Owners 262 14.2.3 Markets 262 14.2.4 Summary 263 14.3 Analysis of Construction Markets 263 14.3.1 Heterogeneity 265 14.3.1.1 Observation 266 14.3.1.2 Theory 266 14.3.1.3 Organization 266 14.3.1.4 Structure 266 14.3.1.5 Specialization 267 14.3.1.6 Law 267 14.4 Owners 268 14.5 Contractors 268 14.5.1 Supply 268 14.5.2 Information 269 14.6 Geography of Construction Markets 270 14.6.1 Regional Markets 271 14.6.2 National Markets 274 14.6.3 International Markets 279 14.6.4 Multinational Markets 280 14.6.5 Global Players and Global Markets 283 14.7 Entry and Exit Barriers 285 14.7.1 Effects of the Business Cycle 286 14.7.2 Number of Exits and Entries 290 14.8 Summary 292 References 293 15 Contracting 297 15.1 Construction Goods 298 15.2 Construction Markets 300 15.3 Owner’s Demand 301 15.4 Contractor’s Supply 302 15.5 Construction Contracts 303 15.6 Contracting Market Design 305 15.7 Pricing of Construction Contracts 307 15.7.1 Marginal Cost Decisions Versus Markup Pricing 308 15.7.2 Auctioning 310 15.7.2.1 Construction Goods and Auctions 310 15.7.2.2 Auction Designs 312 15.7.3 Sealed-Bid Auctions 315 15.7.3.1 Pricing in Sealed-Bid Auctions 316 15.7.3.2 Pricing bias 316 15.7.3.3 Information Bias 317 15.7.3.4 Uncertainty Bias 318 15.7.3.5 Technology Advance 319 15.8 Supply and Demand in Construction 319 15.9 The Owner as Monopsonist 320 15.10 Bargaining for the Contract Price 322 15.11 Change Orders and Claims 325 15.12 Summary 326 References 327 16 Market Imperfections 329 16.1 Imperfect Information 329 16.2 Externalities 331 16.3 Collusion and Corruption 334 16.3.1 Collusion 334 16.3.1.1 Naturally Caused Collusion 336 16.3.1.2 Artificially Caused Collusion 337 16.3.2 Corruption 338 16.4 Mechanics or Ethics of Collusion 340 16.5 Conclusion 341 References 342 17 Government 343 17.1 Government as Actor on Markets 344 17.2 Taxes and Subsidies 346 17.3 Regulations 348 17.4 Interest Rates 350 17.5 Inflation 353 References 354 18 Public Goods 355 18.1 Characteristics of Private Goods 356 18.1.1 Rivalry 357 18.1.2 Excludability 358 18.2 Theory of Public Goods 359 18.2.1 Demand of a Public Good Based on Utility 360 18.2.2 Demand for a Public Good Based on Willingness to Pay 361 18.3 Free Riding 362 18.4 Cost–Benefit Analysis 363 18.5 Construction Goods as Public Goods 363 18.6 Strategic Misrepresentation and Optimism Bias 364 References 365 19 Conclusion 367 19.1 Methodical Context 367 19.2 Owners 369 19.3 Contractors 370 19.4 Construction Goods 371 19.5 Construction Markets 371 19.6 Contracting 373 References 374 Index 375

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Book SynopsisLiquidated damages and extensions of time are complex subjects, frequently forming the basis of contract claims made under the standard building and civil engineering contracts. Previous editions of Liquidated Damages and Extensions of Time are highly regarded as a guide for both construction industry professionals and lawyers to this complex area. The law on time and damages continues to develop with an increasing flow of judgments from the courts. Alongside this, the standard forms of contract have also developed over time to reflect prevailing approaches to contractual relationships. Against this background a third edition will be welcomed by construction professionals and lawyers alike. Retaining the overall approach of the previous editions, the author clarifies, in a highly readable but legally rigorous way, the many misunderstandings on time and damages which abound in the construction industry. The third edition takes account of a Trade Review"Practitioners of construction contracts owe a debt to Brian Eggleston for this updated publication and the sooner they add this to their library the better." (The Expert and Dispute Resolver, Spring 2009) "Eggleston has once again hit the nail on the head with this high-quality, easy to understand legal textbook written for lawyers and the industry." (Building Magazine, February 2009)Table of ContentsPreface. References. Acknowledgements. 1 Introduction. 1.1 General overview. 1.2 Legal developments. 1.3 Contractual developments. 2 Time in contracts. 2.1 Problems with terminology. 2.2 Conditions and warranties. 2.3 Termination. 2.4 Time for performance. 2.5 Time of the essence. 2.6 Notice making time of the essence. 2.7 Time at large. 2.8 Reasonable time. 2.9 Fixing time by reference to correspondence. 2.10 The effect of time at large on the contract price. 3 Damages for late completion. 3.1 Liquidated and general damages distinguished. 3.2 Principles of general damages. 3.3 Alternative remedies. 3.4 Can general damages exceed liquidated damages? 3.5 Under-liquidation of damages. 3.6 Double damages. 3.7 Liability for damages in tort. 3.8 The Panatown problem. 4 Liquidated damages and penalties. 4.1 Penalties – general introduction. 4.2 Liquidated damages. 4.3 Liquidated damages and penalties distinguished. 4.4 Pre-estimates of damage. 4.5 Particular aspects of penalty clauses. 4.6 Evidential matters. 4.7 Bonus clauses. 4.8 Site occupation charges. 5 Prevention. 5.1 Principle of prevention. 5.2 Need for extension of time provisions. 5.3 Defining an act of prevention. 5.4 Prevention after the completion date. 5.5 Effect of late variations on unliquidated damages. 5.6 Prevention and time at large. 5.7 Conditions precedent and time-bars. 5.8 Steria v. Sigma (2007). 6 Legal construction of liquidated damages clauses. 6.1 Rules of construction. 6.2 Contra proferentem rule. 6.3 Restrictions on implied terms. 6.4 ’Catch all’ phrases. 6.5 Inconsistencies in drafting. 7 Effects of determination. 7.1 The question of continuing responsibility. 7.2 British Glanzstoff. 7.3 Contractual provisions. 7.4 Novations. 7.5 Summary on liquidated damages. 7.6 Determination and limitation on liability. 8 Problems with sectional completion. 8.1 Discovering the parties’ intentions. 8.2 Proportioning down clauses. 8.3 Provisions for sectional completion. 8.4 Requirements not fully specified. 9 Application to sub-contractors. 9.1 Effect of ‘stepping-down’ provisions. 9.2 Can there be a genuine pre-estimate of loss? 9.3 Commercial considerations. 9.4 Nominated sub-contracts. 10 Recovery of liquidated damages. 10.1 When do liquidated damages become payable? 10.2 Meaning of completion. 10.3 Certificates and conditions precedent. 10.4 Methods of recovery. 10.5 Time limits on recovery. 10.6 Interest on repayment. 10.7 Withholding notices. 10.8 Decisions of adjudicators. 11 Defences/challenges to liquidated damages. 11.1 Benefits of precedents. 11.2 Extension of time due. 11.3 Completion achieved earlier than certified. 11.4 Certificates not valid. 11.5 Conditions precedent not observed. 11.6 No date for commencement. 11.7 Prevention. 11.8 Penalties. 11.9 Provisions void for uncertainty. 11.10 Waiver/estoppel. 11.11 Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. 12 Extensions of time. 12.1 Purposes of extension provisions. 12.2 Notices, applications and assessments. 12.3 Time for granting extensions. 12.4 Application to claims. 12.5 Proof of entitlement. 12.6 Global claims. 13 Relevant events. 13.1 Force majeure. 13.2 Adverse weather. 13.3 Civil commotion, strikes etc. 13.4 Damage to the works. 13.5 Sub-contractors. 13.6 Non-availability of resources. 13.7 Statutory undertakers’ works. 13.8 Other special circumstances. 13.9 Statutory powers. 13.10 Possession and access. 13.11 Late issue of drawings and instructions. 13.12 Variations and extra works. 13.13 Compliance with instructions. 13.14 Unforeseen physical conditions. 14 Causation and concurrency. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Causation generally. 14.3 Concurrency generally. 14.4 Dominant cause approach. 14.5 Apportionment. 14.6 Rules for extension of time. 14.7 Discussion on various approaches. 14.8 Extensions when in culpable delay. 15 Programmes, method statements and best endeavours. 15.1 Status of contractor’s programmes and method statements. 15.2 Programmes. 15.3 Shortened programmes. 15.4 Method statements. 15.5 Best endeavours and the like. 16 Delay analysis. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Critical paths. 16.3 Float. 16.4 Methods of delay analysis. 16.5 Judicial comments on delay analysis. 17 Building forms. 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 JCT 2005 contracts. 17.3 Commencement and completion. 17.4 Notification of delay. 17.5 Extension of time. 17.6 Relevant events. 17.7 Non-completion certificates. 17.8 Payment of liquidated damages. 17.9 Proportioning down liquidated damages. 18 Civil engineering forms. 18.1 NEC 3 – Engineering and Conditions of Contract, 2005. 18.2 ICE Conditions of Contract – 7th edition, 1999. 18.3 ICE Conditions of Contract for Minor Works – 3rd edition, 2001. 18.4 CECA Form of Sub-Contract, 2008. 19 Process and plant forms. 19.1 I.Chem.E. Red Book – 4th edition, 2001. 19.2 MF/1 (Rev. 4) – 2000 edition. 20 FIDIC Conditions of Contract 1999. 20.1 FIDIC contracts. 20.2 Commencement and completion. 20.3 Extension of time. 20.4 Delay damages. Table of Cases. Index.

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Book SynopsisValue is added to projects through the relationships surrounding the client; the focus of this book is therefore the client as project, rather than the building on the ground. It shows how to create and maintain effective relationships between the client and the project team, as well as intra-coalition relationships Students, academics and practitioners need to understand the changing nature of reforms from successive calls for change by the industry's various clients and client groups. Project team network relationships are a function of mindsets, behaviour and competencies of individuals and The Management of Complex Projects: a relationship approach: Explores the relationship at the project interface: client-design team-contractor, stakeholders and supply chain relations Examines different concepts to the development and management of relationships; formation and maintenance issues Highlights some of the key issues that require development, botTrade Review"[This book] can be understood as one important contribution in mapping and ultimately also managing the modern complex project that is characterized by a rapidly growing diversity of cultures, institutions and actors that underlie its complexity." (Building Research & Information, March 2009) "It is a significant piece of work and should be viewed as a serious preface to study in this area." (Building Engineer)Table of ContentsIntroduction: Overview of book. Chapter 1: Scoping the subject in theory and practice. Section I: Mindsets, behaviour and competencies in project relations. Chapter 2: Risk and opportunity management in a changing world - a relationship-based approach. Chapter 3: Applying emotional intelligence in project working. Chapter 4: Project-based learning: how social relations create knowledge. Section II: Relations at the client, design team, contractor interface. Chapter 5: Relationship management; theories and tools. Chapter 6: Account handling models for continuity of service. Chapter 7: Applying team-working models to projects. Chapter 8: Measuring, developing and managing trust in the relationship. Section III: Relations across the project clusters and supply chain. Chapter 9: Projects as networks and the application of social network analysis as a diagnostic tool. Chapter 10: Relations in the supply chain; distance, decay and redress. Chapter 11: Communications and stakeholders. Chapter 12: Economics of relationships; managing opportunities and constraints. Conclusion: Setting an agenda for academia and industry for the future

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Book SynopsisThis code of practice, long established as a leading publication for the construction industry, provides an authoritative guide to essential principles and good practice in estimating for building work. The seventh edition includes new material on estimating strategy, tendering, procedures and best practice, as well as the build-up of unit rates of cost, overheads and profit, and e-commerce.Trade Review“The book is a refreshing read, easy to understand, easy to digest and contains a number of ‘specimen projects’ that help readers to understand the written text better. It will be an invaluable book to students, members and those seeking a ‘refresher course’ in the latest best practice in building estimating.” (Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 1 May 2012) Table of Contents1.0 Introduction; 1.1 Principles – including flow charts (including risk management0. current charts are process-oriented – these should be incorporated into Process Section; 1.2 Processes; 1.3 Contract Types – diagrammatic presentation of contract formats to distinguish between types, application and use; 2.0 Project appreciation; 2.1 Initial Review (24 hr overview of tendering, checking validity and decisions to tender – pre-qualification process). 2.2 Design Review (packaging job and gap analysis, Q&A exercises); 2.3 Site Investigation; 2.4 Clients requirements (method statements, CDM Regulations, selection criteria); 2.5 Project planning and programming (tender programme); 3.0 Procurement; 3.1 External Planning (engaging consultants); 3.2 Internal Planning (design & build, confidentiality re: bill sharing and breaches of tendering regulations); 4.0 Cost estimate; Planning; Preliminaries; Unit rates; Sub-contract prices; Project overheads; Provisional sums; Contractor design; Other approaches – Operational estimating – Analytical estimating; Compliance – Technical – Commercial; 5.0 Tender settlement; Estimators report and risks associated with this; Settlement – anticipated margin and tender figure; Tender submission – Tender strategy and examples – Non–compliant tenders – Alternative tenders – time/cost method - European Union rules and regulations – Clarifications/Qualifications; 6.0 Post-tender activities; Changes; Handover to delivery team; Period for acceptance of tendering; Feedback on tender results/performance; 7.0 Cost planning; Cost planning; Whole life-cycle cost planning (construction) – sustainability adding; PFI; Approximate quantities/estimating; 8.0 Contractual arrangements; Large projects; D&B – lump sum; Changes to process; Risks (for each contract); Package bids – relating to specialist contractors; Management – cost plus; Hybrid – partnering arrangements; 9.0 E-commerce; E-tendering; Receipt of information; Records; Submissions; Data Protection Act; E-bidding processes

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Book Synopsis* One of the first books to address mediation for construction disputes. * Mediation of growing importance for setting commercial disputes. * The author, a construction professional, has extensive experience in conducting mediations and training. .Trade Review"The author, I confess, is a favourite of mine. Being a one-time QS, he understands how the construction industry operates. The book shows us how he manages mediation. It is a useful insight." –Tony Bingham, Building "This is a good book for a construction mediator … I certainly found it full of iseful tips and insights … An easy and concise read." –Academy of ExpertsTable of ContentsAcknowledgements. Forward. Introduction. Chapter 1 The Construction industry is great at creating disputes. Contractual. The no contract scenario. The ‘is there/is there not’ a contract scenario. Incompatible contracts. All-risk contracts. Unrealistic performance criteria. Financial. A low-margin industry. Claim cultures. The squeeze game. Culture. Adversarial. Fragmented. High failure rate. Complexity. Incurable optimism. External factors. Weather-sensitive. Consultants. Government legislation. Why people get into disputes. Communication. Personality. Interpretation. Chapter 1 in a nutshell. Chapter 2 The Dispute Resolution options. Consensual methods of resolving disputes. Negotiation. Conciliation. Mediation. Arb/Med and Adj/Med. Court Settlement Procedure. Resolving disputes through recommendation. Neutral fact-finding. Dispute Review Boards. Early Neutral Evaluation. Mediator recommendation. Conciliation. Imposed solutions to disputes. Med/Arb and Med/Adj. Adjudication. Ombudsman. Expert Determination. Tribunals. Arbitration. Litigation. Why traditional methods fail the parties. Inherent injustice. Cost and Time. Adjudication is not the ‘Saviour’. The better options for Dispute Resolution. Consensual Processes. Partnering. Dispute Avoidance. Chapter 2 in a nutshell. Chapter 3 The case for the Mediation of Construction Disputes. Better deals. Speed and economy. Flexibility in process and outcome. Finality of outcome. Mediator ‘added value’. Getting off the treadmill. Ongoing relationships. Day in Court. Commercial v Legal. It adds another layer of cost. It is too ‘touchy-feely’. Mediation is non-binding and has no teeth. Mediation is all about compromise. Mediation is all talk, no commitment. Chapter 3 in a nutshell. Chapter 4 Preparing for Mediation. Typical framework. Stages of mediation. Preparation by the Mediator. Preparation by the Parties. When to mediate. How long should the mediation take?. Who to choose as Mediator. Mediator fees. Co-Mediation. Assistant Mediators. Conflicts of interest. Documents. Where to mediate. Who attends?. Authority. Who presents?. Dry run?. Pre-mediation meeting. Pre-mediation contact. The Mediation Agreement. Risk analysis. Anticipate the settlement. Chapter 4 in a nutshell. Chapter 5 Presenting at the Mediation. Arrival. Pre-Meeting. Initial joint meeting. Using the joint meeting. Exploring stage. Giving and receiving information. Idle time. Other’s shoes. Non-financials. Chapter 5 in a nutshell. Chapter 6 Negotiating at the Mediation. Negotiation zones. Reviewing. Bottom lines. Negotiation strategy. Incompatible styles. First offers. Offer logic. Getting into deadlock. Pain-pain. Keeping options open. Non-financials. And finally. Chapter 6 in a nutshell. Chapter 7 Concluding the Mediation. Finality. Deals with dignity. Part-deals. No deal. Writing the settlement agreement. What can go wrong?. Cooling off period. Mediator recommendation. Mediator liability. Chapter 7 in a nutshell. Chapter 8 Roles in Mediation (who does what?). Client. Legal advisor. Counsel. Experts. Consultants. Support staff. Mediator. Assistant. Co-Mediator. Chapter 8 in a nutshell. Chapter 9 Avoiding disputes in the Construction Industry. The positive side of conflict. Creating a culture that is positive. Twelve rules and challenges. 1. Establish clear, simple and constant lines of communication. 2. Establish clear roles, responsibilities, accountabilities and systems. 3. Practice (and therefore model) openness/transparency. 4. Build trust from the start; co-operate rather than confront. 5. acknowledge problems, don’t bury them. 6. Treat mistakes as learning points, not blame-makers. 7. Get the ‘headline’ agreed. 8. Listen, an show that you have heard. 9. Establish what parties need, rather than what they claim. 10. Involve a neutral early when disagreements are unresolved. 11. Re-evaluate agreements and headlines in the light of resolution. 12. Re-commit to the relationship/contract. Partnering. Chapter 9 in a nutshell. Chapter 10 The Mediation Landscape. Deal Mediation. What is it?. What does the Deal Mediator do?. Difference between a Deal Mediator and Dispute Mediator. Project Mediation. Dispute Mediation. Facilitation. Preparing for the Facilitation. Agenda. Structure of the day. Open space. Role of Mediator as Facilitator. Consensus-building. Bespoke Mediation processes. Construction Conciliation Group. RICS Neighbour Dispute Service. Tiered Resolution. Chapter 10 in a nutshell. Chapter 11 Conclusion – how to win at Mediation. Prepare well. Chose the right Mediator. Get the best out of the opening joint session. Co-operate. Have a drink!. And remember. Appendix. Summary of relevant law. Risk Analysis checklist. Decision tree. Pre-mediation checklist. Typical Mediation Agreement. Typical Settlement Agreement. Mediation Providers

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Book SynopsisLiability for the design of a building or structure is of fundamental concern to construction professionals, design-build contractors, specialist sub-contractors, and lawyers. Although other texts cover a wide range of aspects of liability, only Cornes and Lupton's Design Liability in Construction draws together all those matters that relate specifically to design. A number of factors have come together recently and are addressed in this significant update and rewrite of the 4th edition, including: popularity of design & build procurement partnering arrangements and early contractor involvement new standard forms of construction contract and appointment, and revisions to older forms technical innovations in construction collaborative working and BIM systems many well-publicised cases regarding design failures significant developments in the law of tort and professional liability the developmentTable of ContentsAcknowledgements vii Preface ix 1 The Industry Context 1 1.1 What is design? 1 1.2 Procurement routes 3 1.3 The construction professions: who are the designers? 10 2 Liability under Contract 19 2.1 Formation of a contract 20 2.2 Terms of the contract 26 2.3 Exemption clauses 32 2.4 Privity of contract 34 2.5 Assignment 35 3 Liability under Tort: Part 1 37 3.1 Definition of a tort 38 3.2 Liability and parties in tort 38 3.3 Vicarious liability 38 3.4 Negligence 40 3.5 Historical perspective 43 3.6 Anns v Merton London Borough Council (1978) 45 3.7 Junior Books (1983) 47 3.8 1985–1988: the retreat 48 3.9 D & F Estates Ltd v Church Commissioners for England (1988) 50 3.10 Murphy v Brentwood District Council (1990) 52 3.11 Tests for establishing a duty of care in respect of economic loss 54 3.12 Contract and tort concurrently? 55 3.13 Summary of the position in 1994 58 4 Liability under Tort: Part 2 (Post-Murphy) 59 4.1 Liability for physical injury and damage to other property 59 4.2 The ‘complex structure’ theory after Murphy 60 4.3 What if a defect is patent? 64 4.4 Liability for economic loss 65 4.5 Application of the tests following Henderson v Merrett 67 4.6 Contractors’ liability for pure economic loss 69 4.7 Consultants’ liability for pure economic loss 77 4.8 Summary of the position in 2013 79 5 Liability under Statute 81 5.1 Defective Premises Act 1972 82 5.2 Building Act 1984 88 5.3 Health and safety 89 5.4 Copyright 91 6 Liability for Professional Negligence 97 6.1 Reasonable skill and care 97 6.2 Application of the test to designers 99 6.3 Examples of failure to take care 100 6.4 Special skills 104 6.5 ‘State of the art’ defence 105 7 ‘Fitness for Purpose’ Liability 107 7.1 Contractors’ obligations 107 7.2 Reliance and partial reliance 115 7.3 Consultants and strict liability 120 7.4 Contractor’s duty to warn 124 8 Duties in Detail 133 8.1 General duties of a designer 133 8.2 Appraisal and site investigation 135 8.3 Budget issues 144 8.4 Design development 147 8.5 Commenting on/approving others’ designs 153 8.6 Inspection and certifi cation 157 8.7 Duty to review the design 172 9 Delegation of Design Duties 183 9.1 General issues 183 9.2 Option 1: Declining the commission 184 9.3 Option 2: Employer engages a specialist consultant direct 184 9.4 Option 3: Designer engages specialist designer direct 187 9.5 Option 4: Designer arranges for a contractor or sub-contractor to undertake the work 188 9.6 Option 5: Designer relies on outside sources 194 9.7 Is there a difference between delegation and reliance? 195 9.8 Summary of options 196 10 Liability to Third Parties: Procurement Issues 199 10.1 Relationship between contract and tort 199 10.2 Liability in particular situations 204 10.3 Warranties 215 10.4 Collaborative working 225 10.5 BIM 227 10.6 Insurance solutions 233 11 Damages and Contribution 235 11.1 General principles 235 11.2 Damages and designers 242 11.3 Contributory negligence and contribution 249 11.4 Damages recoverable on assignment 254 12 Limitation 259 12.1 Statutory periods 260 12.2 Limitation and contract 264 12.3 Limitation and tort 267 13 Measures for Limiting Liability 277 13.1 Using fi nancial caps 279 13.2 Limiting liability for loss of profits and consequential losses 282 13.3 Net contribution clauses 282 13.4 Agreeing shorter periods for limitation of liability 285 14 Standard Forms of Contract for Design-Build 287 14.1 Joint Contracts Tribunal (JCT) forms 287 14.2 GC/Works/1 forms 302 14.3 NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC) 307 14.4 Project Partnering Contract (PPC2000) 309 14.5 FIDIC forms 311 15 Standard Forms of Appointment 317 15.1 RIBA 317 15.2 ACA 320 15.3 ACE 321 15.4 ICE 322 15.5 RICS 323 15.6 CIC 325 15.7 Novation and Switch Agreements 327 16 Professional Indemnity Insurance 329 16.1 General 329 16.2 Principles of professional indemnity insurance 330 16.3 The professional indemnity policy (consultants) 341 16.4 Avoiding disputes with insurers 345 16.5 Professional indemnity insurance for design and build contracts 347 16.6 Professional indemnity – changing insurers 352 16.7 Other types of insurance 353 17 Design Liability in the EU 357 17.1 Belgium 358 17.2 France 361 17.3 Germany 364 17.4 Italy 368 17.5 The Netherlands 371 18 Design Liability in the Rest of the World 375 18.1 Australia 375 18.2 China 379 18.3 The Middle East 383 18.4 Russia 388 18.5 USA 391 Bibliography 397 Cases and Legislation 401 Index 423

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Book SynopsisCowboy spurs are a pure form of American folk art. Like the cowboy himself, the way spurs developed was molded by their use and the environment of the range, along with a generous dose of individualism and pride. Cowboy Spurs and Their Makers tells for the first time the fascinating story of this western art and the artisans who professional historians, and westerners and valuable reference for identifying spurs used by riders of Texas and the Southwest. A visit with contemporary spur maker Jerry Lindley, with pictures of him at work, traces the process and mechanics of hand forging spurs and decorating them by the overlay method. Individual chapters are devoted to the most prominent makers of cowboy spurs—manufacturers Buermann and North & Judd, the spur and bit companies of Crockett, Shipley, and Kelly, and hometown blacksmiths such as Bianchi, Causey, and the Boone clan. In lively detail their histories unfold, along with helpful descriptions of their techniques and most representative spurs. Eighty-five black-and-white photographs and twelve color plates lavishly illustrate the spurs and their makers. An appendix lists many other artisans, past and present, with the locations of their shops and the identifying characteristics of their products. This book will become a standard reference for students, historians, and general readers alike—for everyone who values the important contribution of the cowboy to our cultural heritage and of the blacksmith who shaped the cowboy's badge of honor, his spurs.

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Book SynopsisContracts are vital to the construction delivery process; they direct and govern every move. This book strips the legal mystique and jargon from contracts and exposes their basic logic. It is presented in three parts, covering issues that arise during the three stages of contract administration: the components of contracts and methods of project delivery; tendering and sub-contracting; specific contracts and dealing with contract disputes. It is an essential guide for tertiary students of construction management, civil engineering, building and architecture, but also covers topics that are essential for practitioners in the construction industry.

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Book SynopsisOffering critical insights to the state-of-the-art in Building Information Modeling (BIM) research and development, this book outlines the prospects and challenges for the field in this era of digital revolution. Analysing the contributions of BIM across the construction industry, it provides a comprehensive survey of global BIM practices. Accessible and thorough, the chapters explore the theory behind and facilitators of BIM, covering knowledge management around BIM, the development of ontologies and language in the area, holistic implementations, and BIM ecosystems. The book further discusses the technological developments of BIM, including scan-to-BIM, 3D digital reconstruction and AI and robotics techniques. Critical analysis of BIM-enabled construction and engineering management innovations are also examined, highlighting prospects and challenges in the area.This will be a critical read for engineering, construction management and architecture students looking for a comprehensive study of BIM. It will also be beneficial to practitioners working in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, Owner & Operation (AECOO) industry wanting a better understanding of the benefits and future developments of BIM.Trade Review‘The ongoing development and adoption of Building Information Modelling has led to many valuable innovative practices in the construction industry. This exciting compilation of leading research on BIM by experts from around the world is essential reading for all those seeking to transform the construction industry.’ -- Keith Hampson, President, International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB)‘This book is a timely collection covering the current state-of-the-art research and emerging trends in Building Information Modeling (BIM). The roles of BIM for a broad range of important applications, from robotics, safety management, energy and waste management, block chain to digital twins, are covered. With contributions by eminent researchers across the globe, the collection highlights the prospects of digital technology for the building industry of tomorrow. The Research Companion to Building Information Modeling is a definitive reference for researchers and practitioners in building and construction engineering.’ -- Kincho H. Law, Stanford University, US‘This book integrates the wisdom of many experts and scholars, combines theory with practice, shows the cutting-edge achievements in the field of Building Information Modeling (BIM), and allows us to see the latest progress in theoretical research, technological development, and project application of BIM. The book includes the integrated application of BIM and emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and robotics, as well as the innovations of BIM in industrialized buildings, prefabricated design, and safety management. Meanwhile, it also foresees the future of integrating BIM with blockchain, CIM, and other technologies. I believe that the book will definitely have a positive impact on the industry-academic exchanges of BIM and the practical application of construction projects.’ -- Diao Zhizhong, Chairman, Glodon Company Ltd., China‘Having worked with serial builders for over 25 years I have witnessed how Building Information Modeling has helped deliver significantly better project outcomes. With such a wide range of perspectives regarding this technology, the Research Companion to Building Information Modeling is a must read for anyone who plays a role in the design and construction process.’ -- Jon Antevy, Founder of e-BuilderTable of ContentsContents: Foreword I xvi Patrick MacLeamy Foreword II xix Ada Y. S. Fung 1 Introduction to the Research Companion to Building Information Modeling 1 Weisheng Lu and Chimay J. Anumba PART I THEORY FUSION AND FACILITATORS OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING 2 Building information modeling and ontologies: overview of shared representations 12 Aaron Costin and Pieter Pauwels 3 A grounded theory based framework for level of development implementation within the Information Delivery Manual 35 Angel Gigante-Barrera, Darshan Ruikar, Soroosh Sharifi and Kirti Ruikar 4 Building information modeling and knowledge management 60 Ghang Lee 5 An integrated model of factors and barriers influencing building information modeling and lean construction adoption 80 Gao Shang and Mehran Oraee 6 Building information modeling adoption and localization 102 Jing Wang and Weisheng Lu 7 Building information modeling for built asset and environment: pioneers and facilitators in Hong Kong 124 Ada Yin Suen Fung 8 Building information modeling ecosystem: an overview 150 Bimal Kumar PART II TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING 9 Automated scan-to-building information modeling 169 Jong Won Ma, Thomas Czerniawski and Fernanda Leite 10 As-built building information modeling: joint effort of 3D reconstruction and semantic enrichment 190 Fan Xue 11 Rapid scan-to-building information modeling using robotics and artificial intelligence for construction applications 212 Jingdao Chen and Yong Kwon Cho 12 Intelligent clash detection in building information modeling 230 Yuqing Hu and Daniel Castro-Lacouture 13 Building information modeling, natural language processing, and artificial intelligence for automated compliance checking 248 Ruichuan Zhang and Nora El-Gohary 14 Interactive holograms for collaborative visualization of building information models 268 Ralph Tayeh and Raja R. A. Issa 15 Building information modeling, smart construction objects, and pervasive technologies integration 294 Jinying Xu, Weisheng Lu and Xiao Li 16 Extending BIM with multi-sensory immersive virtual environments: fusing human experiences into design 313 Sanaz Saeidi and Yimin Zhu PART III BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING-ENABLED CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT INNOVATIONS 17 Complicities between Industrialized Building Systems and Building Information Modeling 333 Roger-Bruno Richard and Ivanka Iordanova 18 Building information modeling and the virtual permitting process 359 Nawari O. Nawari and Mouloud Messaoudi 19 Building information modeling-enabled platform approach to design for manufacture and assembly 373 Tan Tan, Grant Mills and Eleni Papadonikolaki 20 A case study of building information modeling-enabled prefab logistics for smart construction supply chain management 395 Kai Kang, Ming Li, Wei Wu, H. H. Cheung, Ray Y. Zhong and George Q. Huang 21 An intelligent system for determining productivity and safety index using building information modeling: a case study of IPASS in Singapore 415 Evelyn Teo Ai Lin 22 Building information modeling-enabled construction safety management 436 Hongling Guo, Dongping Fang and Yakang Sun 23 4D building information modeling-enabled safety management for metro construction 460 Hanbin Luo, Lulu Wang and Ke Chen 24 Value delivery of building information modeling in facilities management 476 Saratu Terreno, Chimay J. Anumba and Somayeh Asadi 25 Dynamic-building information modeling workbench for low/net zero energy buildings 502 Ravi Shankar Srinivasan 26 Building information modeling and building automation systems data integration and big data analytics for building energy management 525 Fu Xiao and Cheng Fan 27 Building information modeling-enabled design for construction waste minimization 550 Vikrom Laovisutthichai, Weisheng Lu and Zhikang Bao 28 Circular economy and building information modeling 572 Rabia Charef and Weisheng Lu 29 From building information modeling to hospital information modeling 593 Yongkui Li, Xiyu Pan, Yilong Han and Sarel Lavy PART IV PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES ON THE HORIZON 30 Building information modeling on blockchain: basic principles, development tools, an application scenario, and future directions 615 Young Joo Kim and Miroslaw J. Skibniewski 31 Security-aware data management in building information modeling processes using blockchain 635 Yihai Fang and Xingliang Yuan 32 Beyond building information modeling: the role of cyber-physical systems and digital twins 650 Chimay J. Anumba, Qiuchen Lu and Congwen Kan 33 From building information modeling to digital twin: the core for sustainable smart campus at HKUST 671 Weiwei Chen, Keyu Chen and Jack C. P. Cheng 34 City information modeling and the sustainable city: now and beyond 697 Zhihang Yuan and Xiaoling Zhang 35 Conclusion to Research Companion to Building Information Modeling 717 Chimay J. Anumba and Weisheng Lu Index

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Book SynopsisKeeping historic buildings in good repair and, where possible, in use, is the key to their preservation. Owners of listed buildings are under no statutory obligation to maintain their property in a good state of repair, although it is in their interests to do so. Local authorities can, however, take action to secure repair when it becomes evident that a building is being allowed to deteriorate. Urgent Works Notices, Repairs Notices and Section 215 Notices can be very effective tools to help secure the preservation of historic buildings. This guidance is designed to help local authorities make effective use of these powers. It provides step-by-step advice on the use of the main procedures and includes case studies and a selection of specimen letters, notices, schedules and agreements. Samples of these are available to download at the bottom of this page for local authorities wishing to edit them for their own use. Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Introduction to Listed Building Act Powers 2. Assessing the risk 3. Preparing to take action 4. Section 215 Notices: a step-by-step guide 5. Urgent Works Notices: a step-by-step guide 6. Repairs Notices: a step-by-step guide 7. Compulsory Purchase Proceedings 8. Enforced sale procedure: a step-by-step guide 9. Housing Act 1985, section 17 10. Empty Dwelling Management Orders 11. Other relevant legislation 12. Case studies 13. References 14. Glossary 15. Appendices 16. Where to get advice

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Book SynopsisChina today produces nearly half of the world's steel and is the world's largest importer of iron ore. This unique and informative book provides a central reference work on the Chinese steel industry and discusses China s increasing demand on metals from both macroeconomic and regional perspectives.It includes macroeconomic studies of developments in Chinese resource demand with particular reference to the ferrous metals and microeconomic studies that utilize comprehensive firm-level data to evince new knowledge of both firm and industry performance with respect to their productivity, the technical efficiency, and industrial linkages. The book also discusses trade in steel products and the impact of the restructuring of the industry on the environment.This detailed and analytical study will appeal to academics, students and researchers in Chinese studies, government agencies and private sectors - such as the mining industry, as well as financial agencies analyzing the Chinese demand on global resources.Contributors include: G. Dai, J. Golley, H. Liu, H. McKay, Y. Sheng, L. Song, Y. ZhengTrade Review‘This enlightening book benefits from the seasoned editorial hands of two leading scholars of state-sector restructuring in China. It provides historical, domestic regional, and policy perspectives on the dynamics of discontinuous growth in the Chinese steel industry. . . The book is highly recommended for scholars and students of development economics, economic history, industry analysis, politics and public policy of enterprise reform, and business management .’ -- Kun-Chin Lin, The China Journal‘China today produces nearly half of the world’s steel and is the world’s largest importer of iron ore. Steel has been a central part of China’s rapid growth story, but it is also a source of many problems that range from the Chinese industry’s environmental impact to the problems associated with the continued dominance of the sector’s state-owned enterprises. This book of chapters edited by Ligang Song and Haimin Liu is a major and comprehensive contribution to this important topic.’ -- Dwight Perkins, Harvard University, Department of Economics, US‘Chinese economic reform and opening to the international economy since the late 1970s have changed the country and the world. The developments in the steel industry through the reform period are central to those changes, illuminative of them, and of immense significance in themselves. This book throws new light on these historic changes for Chinese and foreign readers alike.’ -- From the foreword by Ross Garnaut, University of Melbourne, AustraliaTable of ContentsContents: Foreword Preface 1. Steel Industry Development and Transformation in China: An Overview Ligang Song and Haimin Liu 2. Metal Intensity in Comparative Historical Perspective: China, North Asia and the United States Huw McKay 3. Economic Growth, Regional Disparities and Core Steel Demand in China Jane Golley, Yu Sheng and Yuchun Zheng 4. China’s Iron and Steel Industry Performance: Total Factor Productivity and its Determinants Yu Sheng and Ligang Song 5. The Technical Efficiency of China’s Large and Medium Iron and Steel Enterprises: A Firm-Level Analysis Yu Sheng and Ligang Song 6. The Backward and Forward Linkages of the Iron and Steel Industry in China and Implications Yu Sheng and Ligang Song 7. China’s Shift from Being a Net Importer to a Net Exporter of Steel and its Implications Haimin Liu and Ligang Song 8. China’s Iron Ore Import Demand and its Determinants: A Time-series Analysis Yu Sheng and Ligang Song 9. Restructuring China’s Steel Industry and the Implications for Energy Use and the Environment Guoqing Dai and Ligang Song Index

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Book SynopsisThis book provides construction practitioners with the knowledge they need to successfully coordinate and manage construction projects. Coordination and management are essential functions in the building procedure. Recent research has demonstrated that poor or inadequate coordination is the best that is accomplished on construction sites. Nevertheless, not many writers of construction project management have examined this essential subject. Between project goals and the reality on the ground exist a huge number of conditions that can affect the progress of a project and that is the reason a dynamic ramification amid the development time frame is significant. This book provides construction practitioners with the knowledge they need to successfully coordinate and manage construction projects. It highlights different construction processes required to enhance their practical performance in particular and further the construction industry in general.

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Book SynopsisThis book takes the reader to a journey through times and spaces to live the stories and glories of some eight great projects shaping the world's skyline. It uncovers the secrets of construction greatness through living the project stories first-hand, meeting with the great builders and world leaders behind the projects.The reader will witness the merger of souls into bodies of the newborn buildings, live their lives, and sometimes even their death. The journey begins with the pyramids of ancient history, on to the magic of the middle ages, to the passion of the renaissance era, down to the industrial revolution and modern ages. The book contains PMBOK Guide, Agile, and Design-Build project management reviews, hence good for both project managers and construction history fans, alike. Enjoy!

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Book SynopsisThe book outlines the processes of calculating and critically reviewing construction costs and times for clients and contractors in different project phases. Any project or structural analysis should yield accurate information on times, costs, and prices. The related database is more or less uncertain depending on project complexity and the circumstances of work performance. It is thus recommended to use ranges of key input parameters. This approach consistently considers uncertainties within a holistic project view, thus enhancing the plausibility and validity of specific values. Only the integration of probabilistic methods will allow for calculating and graphically representing the chance/risk ratio as a crucial project variable ultimately influencing the entire business. This book examines the systemic modeling and consideration of uncertainties when determining construction costs and times, and life-cycle costs. It contains detailed descriptions of other decision-making processes, including project preparation and planning (developer calculation, soil survey, cost estimate), work preparation (costing, pricing, construction time evaluation, resource identification, comparison of construction methods, bid analysis, contract award), and project execution (site logistics, construction method selection, construction process planning, work coordination, sourcing, determination of additional costs, trend analyses), as well as for project portfolio management as a tool relevant to all phases.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction.- Chapter 2: Basics.- Chapter 3: Data, Information, Knowledge, and BIM.- Chapter 4: Management of Chances and Risks.- Chapter 5: Applying the Management of Chances and Risks to Project Phases.- Chapter 6: The Fundamentals of Monte Carlo Simulations.- Chapter 7: Application of Monte Carlo Simulations.- Chapter 8: Influence of Project Lead Time and Construction Time on Project Targets.- Chapter 9: Worked Examples – Client.- Chapter 10: Worked Examples – Contractor.

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Book SynopsisIm Buch werden die Standardleistungsbeschreibungen nach DIN 276, die für den Rohbau relevant sind, detailliert dargestellt. Hinweise und einzelne Beispiele innerhalb der Standardleistungsbeschreibungen machen darüber hinaus den Anwender auf wichtige zu beachtende Punkte bei der Ausschreibung aufmerksam. Im Anschluss an jede Standardleistungsbeschreibung werden zu den Einzelpositionen Baupreise angegeben, die bei Berücksichtigung der angegebenen Korrekturfaktoren einen sehr guten und nachweisbaren Hinweis auf die anfallenden Kosten pro Position geben. Zusätzlich liefert das umfangreiche Firmenverzeichnis die entsprechenden Hersteller zu den Produkten, die ausgeschrieben werden. Die Kontaktaufnahme wird dadurch erheblich vereinfacht.Table of ContentsKorrekturfaktoren für Abweichungen vom Mittelwert der Bauleistungspreise - LB 000 Baustelleneinrichtung - LB 001 Gerüstarbeiten - LB 002 Erdarbeiten - LB 012 Mauerarbeiten - LB 013 Beton- und Stahlbetonarbeiten - LB 014 Naturwerksteinarbeiten, Betonwerksteinarbeiten - LB 016 Zimmer- und Holzbauarbeiten - LB 017 Stahlbauarbeiten - LB 018 Abdichtungsarbeiten - LB 020 Dachdeckungsarbeiten - LB 021 Dachabdichtungsarbeiten - LB 022 Klempnerarbeiten - Zuordnung der Positionen der Standardleistungsbeschreibung zu den Firmencodes der Produkthersteller - Firmenverzeichnis

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