Computer science Books

Book SynopsisSmarter Than Their Machines: Oral Histories of the Pioneers of Interactive Computing is based on oral histories archived at the Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota. Included are the oral histories of some key pioneers of the computer industry selected by John that led to interactive computing, such as Richard Bloch, Gene Amdahl, Herbert W. Robinson, Sam Wyly, J.C.R. Licklider, Ivan Sutherland, Larry Roberts, Robert Kahn, Marvin Minsky, Michael Dertouzos, and Joseph Traub, as well as his own. John has woven them together via introductions that is, in essence, a personal walk down the computer industry road. John had the unique advantage of having been part of, or witness to, much of the history contained in these oral histories beginning as a co-op student at Arthur D. Little, Inc., in the 1950's. Eventually, he would become a pioneer in his own right by creating the computer industry's first successful software products company (Cullinane Corporation). However, an added benefit of reading these oral histories is that they contain important messages for our leaders of today, at all levels, including that government, industry, and academia can accomplish great things when working together in an effective way. This is how the computer industry was created, which then led to the Internet, both totally unanticipated just 75 years ago.

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Book SynopsisSmarter Than Their Machines: Oral Histories of the Pioneers of Interactive Computing is based on oral histories archived at the Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota. Included are the oral histories of some key pioneers of the computer industry selected by John that led to interactive computing, such as Richard Bloch, Gene Amdahl, Herbert W. Robinson, Sam Wyly, J.C.R. Licklider, Ivan Sutherland, Larry Roberts, Robert Kahn, Marvin Minsky, Michael Dertouzos, and Joseph Traub, as well as his own. John has woven them together via introductions that is, in essence, a personal walk down the computer industry road. John had the unique advantage of having been part of, or witness to, much of the history contained in these oral histories beginning as a co-op student at Arthur D. Little, Inc., in the 1950's. Eventually, he would become a pioneer in his own right by creating the computer industry's first successful software products company (Cullinane Corporation). However, an added benefit of reading these oral histories is that they contain important messages for our leaders of today, at all levels, including that government, industry, and academia can accomplish great things when working together in an effective way. This is how the computer industry was created, which then led to the Internet, both totally unanticipated just 75 years ago.

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Book SynopsisInformation theory deals with mathematical laws that govern the flow, representation and transmission of information. The most significant achievement of the field is the invention of digital communication which forms the basis of our daily-life digital products such as smart phones, laptops and any IoT devices. Recently it has also found important roles in a spotlight field that has been revolutionized during the past decades: data science.This book aims at demonstrating modern roles of information theory in a widening array of data science applications. The first and second parts of the book covers the core concepts of information theory: basic concepts on several key notions; and celebrated source and channel coding theorems which concern the fundamental limits of communication. The last part focuses on applications that arise in data science, including social networks, ranking, and machine learning.The book is written as a text for senior undergraduate and graduate students working on Information Theory and Communications, and it should also prove to be a valuable reference for professionals and engineers from these fields.Table of Contents 1 Source Coding 1.1 Overview of the book 1.2 Entropy and Python exercise 1.3 Mutual information, Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence and Python exercise Problem Set 1 1.4 Source coding theorem for i.i.d. sources (1/3) 1.5 Source coding theorem for i.i.d. sources (2/3) 1.6 Source coding theorem for i.i.d. sources (3/3)Problem Set 2 1.7 Source code design 1.8 Source coding theorem for general sources 1.9 Huffman code and Python implementation Problem Set 3 2 Channel Coding 2.1 Statement of channel coding theorem 2.2 Achievability proof for the binary erasure channel 2.3 Achievability proof for the binary symmetric channelProblem Set 4 2.4 Achievability proof for discrete memoryless channels 2.5 Converse proof for discrete memoryless channels 2.6 Source-channel separation theorem and feedback Problem Set 5 2.7 Polar code: Polarization 2.8 Polar code: Implementation of polarization 2.9 Polar code: Proof of polarization and Python simulation Problem Set 6 3 Data Science Applications 3.1 Social networks: Fundamental limits 3.2 Social networks: Achievability proof 3.3 Social networks: Converse proof 3.4 Social networks: Algorithm and Python implementationProblem Set 7 3.5 DNA sequencing: Fundamental limits 3.6 DNA sequencing: Achievability proof 3.7 DNA sequencing: Converse proof 3.8 DNA sequencing: Algorithm and Python implementationProblem Set 8 3.9 Top-K ranking: Fundamental limits 3.10 Top-K ranking: Algorithm 3.11 Top-K ranking: Python implementation Problem Set 9 3.12 Supervised learning: Connection with information theory 3.13 Supervised learning: Logistic regression and cross entropy 3.14 Supervised learning: TensorFlow implementation Problem Set 10 3.15 Unsupervised learning: Generative modeling 3.16 Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and KL divergence 3.17 GANs: TensorFlow implementation Problem Set 11 3.18 Fair machine learning and mutual information (1/2) 3.19 Fair machine learning and mutual information (2/2) 3.20 Fair machine learning: TensorFlow implementation Problem Set 12 Appendices A – Python Basics B – TensorFlow and Keras Basics C – Note on Research

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Book SynopsisComputer science has emerged as a key driver of innovation in the 21st century. Yet preparing teachers to teach computer science or integrate computer science content into K-12 curricula remains an enormous challenge. Recent policy reports have suggested the need to prepare future teachers to teach computer science through pre-service teacher education programs. In order to prepare a generation of teachers who are capable of delivering computer science to students, however, the field must identify research-based examples, pedagogical strategies, and policies that can facilitate changes in teacher knowledge and practices.The purpose of this book is to provide examples that could help guide the design and delivery of effective teacher preparation on the teaching of computer science.This book identifies promising pathways, pedagogical strategies, and policies that will help teacher education faculty and preservice teachers infuse computer science content into their curricula as well as teach stand-alone computing courses. Specifically, the book focuses on pedagogical practices for developing and assessing pre-service teacher knowledge of computer science, course design models for pre-service teachers, and discussion of policies that can support the teaching of computer science. The primary audience of the book is students and faculty in educational technology, educational or cognitive psychology, learning theory, teacher education, curriculum and instruction, computer science, instructional systems, and learning sciences.Table of Contents Dedication Acknowledgements Introduction Part I: Pedagogical Practices For Developing And Assessing Pre-Service Teachers' Knowledge Of Computer Science Part II: Course Design Models For Preparing Preservice Teachers To Teach Computer Science Part III: University And State Policies For Preparing Pre-Service Teachers To Teach Computer Science Author/Editor Biographies

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Book SynopsisComputer science has emerged as a key driver of innovation in the 21st century. Yet preparing teachers to teach computer science or integrate computer science content into K-12 curricula remains an enormous challenge. Recent policy reports have suggested the need to prepare future teachers to teach computer science through pre-service teacher education programs. In order to prepare a generation of teachers who are capable of delivering computer science to students, however, the field must identify research-based examples, pedagogical strategies, and policies that can facilitate changes in teacher knowledge and practices.The purpose of this book is to provide examples that could help guide the design and delivery of effective teacher preparation on the teaching of computer science.This book identifies promising pathways, pedagogical strategies, and policies that will help teacher education faculty and preservice teachers infuse computer science content into their curricula as well as teach stand-alone computing courses. Specifically, the book focuses on pedagogical practices for developing and assessing pre-service teacher knowledge of computer science, course design models for pre-service teachers, and discussion of policies that can support the teaching of computer science. The primary audience of the book is students and faculty in educational technology, educational or cognitive psychology, learning theory, teacher education, curriculum and instruction, computer science, instructional systems, and learning sciences.Table of Contents Dedication Acknowledgements Introduction Part I: Pedagogical Practices For Developing And Assessing Pre-Service Teachers' Knowledge Of Computer Science Part II: Course Design Models For Preparing Preservice Teachers To Teach Computer Science Part III: University And State Policies For Preparing Pre-Service Teachers To Teach Computer Science Author/Editor Biographies

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Book SynopsisWhether you're interested in becoming a handyman or developing artisanal woodworking skills, the place to begin is by learning the fundamentals of using basic workshop tools correctly. The place to find out how is right here. Make: Tools is shop class in a book. Consumer-level 3D printers and CNC machines are opening up new possibilities for makers. But there will always be a need for traditional workshop skills and tools. Charles Platt's Make: Tools applies the same approach to its subject matter as his bestselling Make: Electronics -- in-depth explanations and hands-on projects that gradually increase in level of challenge. Illustrated in full color with hundreds of photographs and line drawings, the book serves as a perfect introduction to workshop tools and materials for young adults and adults alike. Platt focuses on basic hands tools and assumes no prior experience or knowledge on the part of the reader. The projects all result in fun games, toys, and puzzles. The book serves as both a hands-on tutorial a reference that will be returned to again and again.

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Book SynopsisMinecraft has sold more than one hundred million copies worldwide (about 25 million of those units for the PC and Mac). According to Mojang, since the beginning of 2016 Minecraft continues to average 53,000 copies sold per day. Microsoft bought Minecraft (and Mojang) in 2014 for $2.5 billion. In 2016, Microsoft released a version of Minecraft specifically for educators called MinecraftEdu that is used by thousands of teachers around the world. Minecraft for Makers explores the intersection of this creative and beloved electronic game with the real world. It gives readers the opportunity to take familiar objects from the game - such as blocks, jack o'lanterns, and mobs - and make real-world versions of them. Begin with simple crafting projects using wood, paint, and LEGOs. Then move up to projects that involve basic electronics with LEDs. And, finally, advance to Arduino microcontroller projects that teach programming skills and basic robotics. The skills build progressively on one another, from chapter to chapter, and the emphasis is on fun all the way! Chapters include: Basic Projects (Item Frame with Diamond Sword, LEGO Minecraft Block, Minecraft Chess Pieces) LED Projects (Glowing Minecraft Block, Glowstone Chandelier, Minecraft Chess Board) Arduino Projects (Minecraft Jack O'Lantern, Night and Day Clock, Robot Creeper)

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Book SynopsisInformation is an asset to all individuals and businesses. The value of an organization lies within its information - its security is critical for business operations, as well as retaining credibility and earning the trust of clients. Information security refers to the processes and methodologies which are designed and implemented to protect print, electronic, or any other form of confidential, private and sensitive information or data from unauthorized access, use, misuse, disclosure, destruction, modification, or disruption. Information security responsibilities include establishing a set of business processes that will protect information assets regardless of how the information is formatted or whether it is in transit, is being processed or is at rest in storage. Information security has become very important in most organizations. The main reason for this is that access to information and the associated resources has become easier because of the developments in distributed processing, for example the Internet and electronic commerce. The result is that organizations need to ensure that their information is properly protected and that they maintain a high level of information security. In many cases, organizations demand some proof of adequate information security from business partners before electronic commerce can commence. Organizations employ a dedicated security group to implement and maintain the organization’s information security program. The security group is generally responsible for conducting risk management, a process through which vulnerabilities and threats to information assets are continuously assessed, and the appropriate protective controls are decided on and applied. When information is not adequately protected, it may be compromised and this is known as an information or security breach. The consequences of an information breach are severe. For businesses, a breach usually entails huge financial penalties, expensive law suits, loss of reputation and business. For individuals, a breach can lead to identity theft and damage to financial history or credit rating. Recovering from information breaches can take years and the costs are huge. Threats to sensitive and private information come in many different forms, such as malware and phishing attacks, identity theft and ransomware. To prevent attackers and mitigate vulnerabilities at various points, multiple security controls are implemented and coordinated as part of a layered defense in depth strategy. This should minimize the impact of an attack. To be prepared for a security breach, security groups should have an incident response plan (IRP) in place. This should allow them to contain and limit the damage, remove the cause and apply updated defense controls.

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Book SynopsisThis book gives a full treatment of databases, managing the total syllabuses for both a starting course and a propelled course on databases. It offers an adjusted perspective of ideas, dialects/languages and models, with solid reference to current innovation what's more, to business database management systems (DBMSs).It is intended to clarify the standards of information administration and for instruct how to ace two fundamental abilities: how to inquiry a database (and compose programming that includes database get to) and how to outline its blueprint structure.

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Book SynopsisComputer Arithmetic: Key Insights is a comprehensive guide that explores the fundamental principles and advanced concepts of computer arithmetic. From numerical representation to algorithms and hardware implementation, this book provides clear explanations, real-world examples, and practical insights. It covers topics such as number systems, arithmetic operations, precision issues, error analysis, parallel algorithms, and hardware implementations. Whether you're a student, researcher, or professional, this invaluable resource equips you with the necessary knowledge to tackle the challenges of modern computing. With its blend of theory and application, Computer Arithmetic: Key Insights is a must-have for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of computer arithmetic and its practical implications.Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction to Computer Arithmetic Chapter 2 Implementation of Arithmetic in Computers Chapter 3 Decimal Arithmetic Chapter 4 Real Arithmetic: Floating Operations Chapter 5 Addition and Subtraction Chapter 6 Multiplication Chapter 7 Division Chapter 8 The FFT and Modular Arithmetic

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Book SynopsisComputer Fundamentals intends to help English for computer Engineering to cope with the fundamental concepts in computer science which are often used for evaluating students' content knowledge. It provides information to those who want to have a practical knowledge of computer science. The book is intended as a guide to indicate the fundamental concepts of hardware, memory, and networks. This book provides a simple way of presenting the key terms in computer Engineering. Computer Fundamentals is designed to appeal to undergraduate and graduate students to master their computer knowledge or brush up their information in the basic concept in computer knowledge.Table of Contents Chapter 1 Hardware Chapter 2 Memory Chapter 3 Network

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors focus on the concrete aspects of IoT (Internet of Things): the daily operation, on the ground, of this domain, including concrete and detailed discussion of the designs, applications and realizations of Secure Connected Things and IoT. As experts in the development of RFID and IoT technologies, the authors offer the reader a highly technical discussion of these topics, including the many approaches (technical, security, safety, ergonomic, economic, normative, regulations, etc.) involved in Secure Connected Objects projects. This book is written both for readers wishing to familiarize themselves with the complex issues surrounding networking objects and for those who design these connective "things".Table of ContentsForeword xi Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv Preamble xvii Part 1 Introduction – The Buzz about IoT and IoE 1 Chapter 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Definition of communicating- or connected Things 3 1.1.1 Connected Things – Communicating Things 3 1.1.2 Definition of the IoT 4 1.1.3 Internet of X 5 Chapter 2 The (Overly) Vast World of IoT 9 2.1 2011–2016: the craze for the term “Connected Thing” 9 2.1.1 The catch-all 9 2.1.2 Fashion, buzz and “bubble” 10 2.1.3 “Hype” cycle for innovations 11 2.2 The true goal of this book 14 Chapter 3 Why a Connectable Thing? 15 3.1 Examples of connectable things 15 3.1.1 Home care for the elderly 16 3.1.2 In the automotive industry 19 Part 2 Constraints Surrounding an IoT Project 21 Chapter 4 Aspects to be Taken into Consideration 23 4.1 Aspects pertaining to the concrete realization of Connected Things 23 4.1.1 Financial and marketing aspects 24 4.1.2 Technical and industrial aspects 24 4.1.3 Regulatory and normative aspects 24 4.1.4 Security aspects 24 4.1.5 Cost aspects 24 Chapter 5 Financial and Marketing Aspects 27 5.1 Economic aspects 27 5.1.1 Saleable / buyable 27 5.2 Ergonomic aspects 29 5.2.1 Mechanical form and design vs ergonomics 29 Chapter 6 Technical and Industrial Aspects 31 6.1 Technical aspects 31 6.1.1 Life cycle of a new product 31 6.1.2 Techno-economic feasibility 32 6.1.3 Design 32 6.1.4 Industrialization, manufacturing process and quality assurance 32 6.2 Energy aspects 32 6.2.1 Power supply to the Thing 33 6.3 Industrial aspects 39 Chapter 7 Regulatory and Normative Aspects 41 7.1 Regulatory aspects and recommendations 41 7.1.1 Radiofrequency regulations 42 7.2 Health-related recommendations 43 7.2.1 Exposure of the human body to electromagnetic fields 44 7.2.2 Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) 44 7.3 Societal regulations and individual freedoms (privacy) 45 7.3.1 The various data needing to be protected 45 7.3.2 Loi Informatique et Libertés 45 7.3.3 Mandate 436, PIA and RFID and IoT applications 46 7.3.4 GDPR – General Data Protection Regulation 49 7.3.5 Privacy by design 51 7.4 Environmental regulations and recycling 53 7.4.1 Electronic waste treatment 53 7.4.2 Regulation and organization of the chain 54 7.4.3 Labeling of electrical and electronic equipment 54 7.5 Normative aspects 55 7.5.1 ISO/AFNOR 55 7.5.2 IEEE 56 7.5.3 ETSI 56 Chapter 8 Security Aspects 59 8.1 Security aspects 59 8.1.1 The weak links 60 8.1.2 Possible solutions 62 8.1.3 Definition and choice of security target 63 8.1.4 Concepts of security levels applied in IoT 64 8.1.5 True security – the “Secure Element” 67 8.1.6 Cryptography 70 8.1.7 Symmetric and asymmetric encryption 71 8.1.8 Consumer Things, IoT, security… and the Cloud 75 8.2 Judging the quality of security 80 8.3 Some thoughts about security, privacy and IoT 81 8.4 Vulnerabilities and attacks in the IoT chain 82 8.4.1 Attacks on the software layer 83 8.4.2 Attacks on the board or Thing 84 8.4.3 Attacks on the integrated circuits 84 8.4.4 Security standards 85 Part 3 Overall Architecture of the IoT Chain 87 Chapter 9 Communication Models in IoT 89 9.1 Communication models in IoT 89 9.1.1 OSI model 89 9.1.2 TCP/IP model 92 9.1.3 By way of conclusion 98 Chapter 10. Overall Architecture of an IoT System 101 10.1 Overall architecture of a CT and IoT solution 101 10.1.1 Description of the complete chain 102 10.2 From a more technological point of view 102 10.2.1 Architecture and overview of an IoT chain 102 10.2.2 The “base station/gateway” 106 10.2.3 The “Cloud” zone 109 10.2.4 The “User” zone 110 10.3 The very numerous protocols involved 113 Part 4 Detailed Description of the IoT Chain 117 Part 4A From the User (The Outside World) to the Thing 119 Chapter 11 From the Outside World to the Thing 121 11.1 Connection of the Thing to the outside world 121 11.1.1 Using sensors 121 11.1.2 Using wired connections 122 11.1.3 Using RF links 122 11.1.4 Very Short Range (<10 cm) 122 11.1.5 Short range SR Wide band (tens of meters) 124 Chapter 12 The Secure Connected Thing 127 12.1 Physical constitution of the Thing 127 12.1.1 Sensors 127 12.1.2 Local intelligence – microcontroller 128 12.1.3 Security (SE)… 128 Part 4B From the Thing to the Base Station 131 Chapter 13 Means of Communication to Access a Base Station 133 13.1 Possible network connectivity technologies 133 13.1.1 Local or ultra-local non-operated RF networks 135 13.1.2 Extended-deployment operated RF networks 136 13.1.3 Is there space for all these technologies? 136 13.2 Medium-range MR Wide-band (hundreds of meters) 136 13.2.1 Wi-Fi 137 13.3 Long-range (LR– tens of kilometers) 138 13.3.1 NB, UNB, WB, UWB, FHSS, DSSS and RF regulations 138 13.3.2 Regulators and regulations 140 13.3.3 RF bases 146 13.4 LTN – Low-Throughput Network 152 13.4.1 Long Range LR - LTN 153 13.4.2 LR LTN in (U)NB– SIGFOX 156 13.4.3 LR LTN in DSSS (spectrum spreading) – LoRa, from Semtech 167 13.4.4 A discussion of spectrum spreading – SS 169 13.4.5 LR WB 192 13.4.6 Operated LR WB networks 196 Part 4C From the Base Station to the Server 203 Chapter 14 Network Access Layer – IP 205 14.1 IPv4 205 14.1.1 Operation 206 14.1.2 Services provided 206 14.1.3 Reliability 206 14.2 IPv6 207 14.2.1 Differences between IPv6 and IPv4 207 14.2.2 Problems of privacy and/or anonymity? 209 14.3 6LoWPAN 209 14.3.1 Description of the technology 210 14.3.2 Integration of an IPv6 packet into an IEEE 802.15.4 frame 210 14.3.3 Autoconfiguration of an IP address 211 14.3.4 Network supervision and management 211 14.3.5 Constraints on “upper-layer” applications 211 14.3.6 Security 212 14.3.7 Routing 212 Chapter 15 The Server 215 15.1 Conventional functions of a server in IoT 216 Chapter 16 Transport and Messaging Protocols 219 16.1 Transport 219 16.1.1 Operation 220 16.1.2 Structure of a TCP segment 220 16.2 “IoT messaging” technologies 221 16.2.1 Main protocol parameters 221 16.3 Protocols 225 16.4 HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol 226 16.5 Http/2 227 16.6 MQTT – Message Queuing Telemetry Transport 227 16.6.1 Security in MQTT 229 16.7 CoAP – Constrained Application Protocol 229 16.8 XMPP 230 16.9 DDS – Data Distribution Service 231 16.10 AMQP – Advanced Message Queuing Protocol 232 16.11 SMQ 233 16.12 JMS – Java Messaging Service 233 16.13 Other protocols 234 16.14 The broker 234 16.14.1 Examples of possibilities 235 16.15 Programming languages 236 16.16 Operating systems 236 Part 4D From the Cloud Server to the Various Users 237 Chapter 17 Cloud and Fog Computing 239 17.1 Cloud computing? 239 17.1.1 What is its mode of operation? 240 17.1.2 Advantages and benefits in IoT applications 240 17.1.3 Types of Cloud computing 241 17.1.4 Cloud products and services 241 17.2 Example: the PaaS platform AWS IoT 242 17.3 How security is managed 244 17.4 Fog computing? 245 17.5 Big data 246 17.6 Natural interfaces 247 Part 5 Concrete Realization of an IoT Solution Examples and Costs 249 Chapter 18 Examples of the Concrete Realization of Connected Things 251 18.1 Subject/application taken as an example 251 18.1.1 Architecture of the product: a communicating physical Thing 253 18.1.2 Mandatory steps in creating the Thing 255 Chapter 19 Cost Aspects 261 19.1 CAPEX and OPEX are in the same boat… 261 19.1.1 CAPEX 262 19.1.2 OPEX 273 19.1.3 Conclusions 275 19.1.4 Very important conclusions 276 Conclusion 279 Bibliography 281 Index 285

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Book SynopsisCollective Intelligence and Digital Archives DIGITAL TOOLS AND USES SET Coordinated by Imad Saleh This book presents the most up-to-date research from different areas of digital archives to show how and why collective intelligence is being developed to organize and better communicate new masses of information. Current archive digitization projects produce an enormous amount of digital data (Big Data). Thanks to the proactive approach of large public institutions, this data is increasingly accessible. Despite the recent stabilization of technical and legal frameworks, the use of data has yet to be enriched by processes such as collective intelligence. By exploring the field of digital humanities, audiovisual archives, preservation of cultural heritage, crowdsourcing and the recovery of scientific archives, this book presents and analyzes concrete examples of collective intelligence for use in digital archives.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Ecosystems of Collective Intelligence in the Service of Digital Archives 1 Samuel SZONIECKY 1.1 Digital archives 1 1.2 Collective intelligence 3 1.3 Knowledge ecosystems 5 1.4 Examples of ecosystems of knowledge 7 1.4.1 Modeling digital archive interpretation 7 1.4.2 Editing archives via the semantic web 10 1.4.3 A semantic platform for analyzing audiovisual corpuses 12 1.4.4 Digital libraries and crowdsourcing: a state-of-the-art 14 1.4.5 Conservation and promotion of cultural heritage 16 1.4.6 Modeling knowledge for innovation 18 1.5 Solutions 20 1.6 Bibliography 21 Chapter 2 Tools for Modeling Digital Archive Interpretation 23 Muriel LOU PRE and Samuel SZONIECKY 2.1 What archives are we speaking of? Definition, issues and collective intelligence methods 25 2.1.1 Database archives, evolution of a concept and its functions 25 2.1.2 The exploitation of digital archives in the humanities 27 2.1.3 The specific case of visualization tools 32 2.2 Digital archive visualization tools: lessons from the Biolographes experiment 34 2.2.1 Tools for testing 37 2.2.2 Tools for visualizing networks: DBpedia, Palladio 38 2.2.3 Multi-purpose tools (Keshif, Table) 40 2.3 Prototype for influence network modeling 44 2.3.1 Categorization of relationships 45 2.3.2 Assisted influence network entry 47 2.4 Limits and perspectives 50 2.4.1 Epistemological conflicts 51 2.4.2 The digital “black box”? 55 2.4.3 From individual expertise to group intelligence 56 2.5 Conclusion 57 2.6 Bibliography 58 Chapter 3 From the Digital Archive to the Resource Enriched Via Semantic Web: Process of Editing a Cultural Heritage 61 Lénaïk LEYOUDEC 3.1 Influencing the intelligibility of a heritage document 61 3.2 Mobilizing differential semantics 62 3.3 Applying an interpretive process to the archive 63 3.4 Assessment of the semiotic study 67 3.5 Popularizing the data web in the editorialization approach 70 3.6 Archive editorialization in the Famille™ architext 73 3.7 Assessment of the archive’s recontextualization 79 3.8 Bibliography 81 Chapter 4 Studio Campus AAR: A Semantic Platform for Analyzing and Publishing Audiovisual Corpuses 85 Abdelkrim BELOUED, Peter STOCKINGER and Steffen LALANDE 4.1 Introduction 85 4.2 Context and issues 86 4.2.1 Archiving and appropriation of audiovisual data 89 4.2.2 General presentation of the Campus AAR environment 94 4.3 Editing knowledge graphs – the Studio Campus AAR example 96 4.3.1 Context 97 4.3.2 Representations of OWL2 restrictions 99 4.3.3 Resolution of OWL2 restrictions 101 4.3.4 Relaxing constraints 102 4.3.5 Classification of individuals 104 4.3.6 Opening and interoperability with the web of data 106 4.3.7 Graphical interfaces 107 4.4 Application to media analysis 108 4.4.1 Model of audiovisual description 109 4.4.2 Reference works and description models 110 4.4.3 Description pattern 111 4.4.4 The management of contexts 112 4.4.5 Suggestion of properties 113 4.4.6 Suggestion of property values 114 4.4.7 Opening on the web of data 115 4.5 Application to the management of individuals 116 4.5.1 Multi-ontology description 116 4.5.2 Faceted browsing 117 4.5.3 An individual’s range 117 4.6 Application to information searches 118 4.6.1 Semantic searches 118 4.6.2 Transformation of SPARQL query graphs 120 4.6.3 Transformation of OWL2 axioms into SPARQL 120 4.6.4 Interface 121 4.7 Application to corpus management 122 4.8 Application to author publication 123 4.8.1 Publication ontologies 125 4.8.2 Transformation engine 128 4.8.3 Final product 129 4.8.4 Opening on the web of data 129 4.8.5 Graphical Interface 130 4.9 Conclusion 131 4.10 Bibliography 132 Chapter 5 Digital Libraries and Crowdsourcing: A Review 135 Mathieu ANDRO and Imad SALEH 5.1 The concept of crowdsourcing in libraries 136 5.1.1 Definition of crowdsourcing 136 5.1.2 Historic origins of crowdsourcing 137 5.1.3 Conceptual origins of crowdsourcing 140 5.1.4 Critiques of crowdsourcing. Towards the uberization of libraries? 140 5.2 Taxonomy and panorama of crowdsourcing in libraries 141 5.2.1 Explicit crowdsourcing 143 5.2.2 Gamification and implicit crowdsourcing 145 5.2.3 Crowdfunding 148 5.3 Analyses of crowdsourcing in libraries from an information and communication perspective 150 5.3.1 Why do libraries have recourse to crowdsourcing and what are the necessary conditions? 150 5.3.2 Why do Internet users contribute? Taxonomy of Internet users’ motivations 153 5.3.3 From symbolic recompense to concrete remuneration 154 5.3.4 Communication for recruiting contributors 155 5.3.5 Community management for keeping contributors 155 5.3.6 The quality and reintegration of produced data 156 5.3.7 The evaluation of crowdsourcing projects 157 5.4 Conclusions on collective intelligence and the wisdom of crowds 158 5.5 Bibliography 159 Chapter 6 Conservation and Promotion of Cultural Heritage in the Context of the Semantic Web 163 Ashraf AMAD and Nasreddine BOUHAÏ 6.1 Introduction 163 6.2 The knowledge resources and models relative to cultural heritage 164 6.2.1 Metadata norms 164 6.2.2 Controlled vocabularies 171 6.2.3 Lexical databases 172 6.2.4 Ontologies 172 6.3 Difficulties and possible solutions 174 6.3.1 Data acquisition 175 6.3.2 Information modeling 185 6.3.3 Use 195 6.3.4 Interoperability 197 6.4 Conclusion 201 6.5 Bibliography 202 Chapter 7 On Knowledge Organization and Management for Innovation: Modeling with the Strategic Observation Approach in Material Science 207 Sahbi SIDHOM and Philippe LAMBERT 7.1 General introduction 207 7.2 Research context: KM and innovation process 210 7.2.1 Jean Lamour Institute 210 7.2.2 Technology and Knowledge Transfer Office (or CC-VIT) 211 7.3 Methodological approach 212 7.3.1 Observation and accumulation of knowledge for innovation 212 7.3.2 Strategic observation and extraction of knowledge: towards an ontological approach 215 7.3.3 Creation of a class hierarchy (of knowledge) 224 7.4 Conceptual modeling for innovation: technological transfer 225 7.4.1 Implementations 226 7.4.2 Corpus specificities 227 7.4.3 NLP engineering applied to the corpus 228 7.4.4 “Polyfunctionalities” favoring strategic observation 232 7.5 Conclusion: principal results and recommendations 233 7.6 Bibliography 235 List of Authors 239 Index 241

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Book SynopsisThis book aims at exploring and illustrating the different ways in which hypermedia systems and tools are designed according to those aspects. The design and visualization schemes included in any system will be related to the variety of social and technical complexities confronted by researchers in social, communication, humanities, art and design.Table of ContentsIntroduction xi Everado REYES-GARCIA Chapter 1 From Controversies to Decision-making: Between Argumentation and Digital Writing 1 Orélie DESFRICHES-DORIA 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Hypertexts and hypermedia 2 1.3 From decision-making to the study of controversies 3 1.3.1 Definition of the concept of controversy 3 1.3.2 Shifts from one situation to another 4 1.3.3 Controversy representation 5 1.3.4 Some controversy visualization and processing tools and methods 7 1.4 Detailed presentation of Vesta Cosy 9 1.5 What is the content of argument representations? 14 1.5.1 Interactions between the two fields 14 1.5.2 Theoretical approaches to argumentation 16 1.5.3 Hypermedia structure in the process of decision-making map construction with Vesta Cosy 19 1.6 Application of Vesta Cosy to controversy analysis 22 1.6.1 Characterization of the nature of a controversy 22 1.6.2 Methodological principles of controversy analysis 24 1.7 New digital writings with hypermedia 29 1.7.1 Extension of reasoning and paradigm shift 29 1.7.2 Hyperlinked content according to diversified details 30 1.7.3 Disorientation, hypernarrativity and interactions 32 1.8 Conclusion 33 1.9 Bibliography 33 Chapter 2 Training in Digital Writing Through the Prism of Tropisms: Case Studies and Propositions 37 Stéphane CROZAT 2.1 Abstract 37 2.2 Introduction 37 2.3 Issue: theoretical approach to digital technology 38 2.3.1 The possibility of mechanizing intellectual labor 38 2.3.2 Digitization of content 39 2.3.3 “It has been manipulated”: manipulation as a source of digital content 40 2.3.4 “And it will be again”: manipulation as the future of digital content 41 2.4 Proposition: tropisms of digital content 42 2.4.1 The concept of tropism 42 2.4.2 Modeling of functional tendencies of digital objects 44 2.5 Detailed description of tropisms 44 2.5.1 Abstraction: it has been coded and will be recoded 44 2.5.2 Addressing: it has been found and will be found again 45 2.5.3 Connection: it has been transmitted and will be retransmitted 46 2.5.4 Duplication: it has been copied and will be recopied 46 2.5.5 Transformation: it has been changed and will be changed again 47 2.5.6 Universality: it has been integrated and will be reintegrated 48 2.6 Application: training in digital technology with tropisms 48 2.6.1 Training in ordinary digital writing at the University of Technology of Compiègne (UTC) 48 2.6.2 BABA strings (abstraction and polymorphism) 49 2.6.3 SolSys string (staging, hypertextualization) 51 2.6.4 BD string (transclusion, interactivity) 53 2.7 Case study: training in digital writing at IFCAM 53 2.7.1 Introduction to training 53 2.7.2 Training scenario 54 2.7.3 An experience to increase awareness using Etherpad 54 2.7.4 Understanding the properties of digital technology and theoretical content 56 2.7.5 Assignment 1: analysis of practices 57 2.7.6 Part two: reading and writing, second assignment (critical observation) 57 2.8 Perspective: a MOOC “digital literacy” project 57 2.8.1 Defining information literacy 58 2.8.2 Defining digital technology 59 2.8.3 Issue: teaching information literacy 60 2.8.4 Components of teaching information literacy 61 2.8.5 Format: challenges of MOOCs 62 2.8.6 Proposition: content and scenario for an information literacy MOOC 64 2.9 Conclusion and perspectives 65 2.10 Acknowledgments 66 2.11 Further reading 66 2.12 Bibliography 67 Chapter 3 Assessing the Design of Hypermedia Interfaces: Differing Perspectives 69 María Inés LAITANO 3.1 Man–machine interaction 70 3.1.1 Fundamental principles of usability 70 3.1.2 Cognitive engineering 72 3.2 Mediated human activity 74 3.2.1 The Danish school 76 3.2.2 Instrumental psychology 78 3.3 Meaningful systems 80 3.3.1 Semiotic engineering 80 3.3.2 The sociocognitive model 84 3.3.3 Semiotic scenario 86 3.4 Three mediations: three ways of evaluating a design? 88 3.5 Bibliography 93 Chapter 4 Experience Design: Explanation and Best Practices 97 Leslie MATTÉ GANET 4.1 Several problems identified with interface creation 99 4.1.1 Users have difficulty too often 99 4.1.2 An awkward practice of Experience Design 99 4.1.3 A difficult beginning for Experience Design in France 100 4.1.4 Ill-defined jobs 101 4.1.5 Manufacturers at various XD maturity levels 102 4.2 What is good Experience Design? 104 4.3 How does Experience Design work? 106 4.3.1 A method, more than a result 106 4.3.2 Focused on humans 106 4.3.3 A transformed project management 106 4.3.4 New professions 108 4.3.5 Tools in DX 112 4.4 A powerful approach 114 4.4.1 XD protects from rejection 114 4.4.2 XD allows for an important gain in time 115 4.4.3 The XD facilitator 116 4.5 Example of XD contribution to an industrial project 116 4.5.1 Creating the Website with classic project management 117 4.5.2 Revising the Website with XD project management 121 4.6 How can we improve the quality of Experience Design in the ICT industries? 124 4.6.1 A team with an open mind and empathy 124 4.6.2 Co-design, creativity, ideation and respiration 124 4.6.3 Good skills for appropriate responsibilities 125 4.6.4 The systematic presence of the user and going into the field 126 4.6.5 No longer using the term UX 126 4.7 Conclusion 127 4.8 Bibliography 128 Chapter 5 Designing Authoring Software Environments for the Interactive Arts: An Overview of Mobilizing.js 131 Dominique CUNIN 5.1 Research context: artistic practices of interactivity 131 5.1.1 Art and technique in the face of the digital 131 5.1.2 An idea: an authoring software environment 134 5.2 Computer graphics, game engine, art engine? 138 5.2.1 Reusability 138 5.2.2 Game engine: when the metaphor and the objective design the tool 140 5.2.3 Programming for the interactive arts: toward complexity 142 5.2.4 Art engine, an authoring environment possibility? 149 5.3 Mobilizing.js: an attempt at a multi-paradigmatic authoring software environment 151 5.3.1 Artistic technical conduct and critical technical practice 153 5.3.2 An engine with many speeds 157 5.4 Structure and results of Mobilizing.js 163 5.4.1 Overview of a technical sequence 163 5.4.2 Constructing interactivities 170 5.4.3 Interactive, immersive and collaborative system 175 5.5 Conclusion 181 5.6 Bibliography 182 Chapter 6 Clues Anomalies Understanding Detecting Underlying Assumptions and Expected Practices in the Digital Humanities through the AIME Project 185 Donato RICCI, Robin DE MOURAT, Christophe LECLERCQ and Bruno LATOUR 6.1 Abstract 185 6.2 Introduction 186 6.3 AIME and its digital humanities set-up 188 6.4 Methodology: multiplying listening devices 193 6.5 Anomaly family #1: displacements in acknowledging on-and-offline practices ecosystem 197 6.6 Anomaly family #2: interface-driven methodology and its encounters with scholarly publics 199 6.7 Anomaly family #3: the shock of collaboration’s ethoses 204 6.8 Qualifying anomalies for a better understanding of Digital Humanities projects 207 6.9 Bibliography 209 List of Authors 213 Index 215

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Book SynopsisThis book will teach you how to take advantage of the JavaScript language to process data provided on the Internet. Much attention is given to the main JavaScript backbone: prototype based objects, and functional capabilities, while common features (loops, etc.) are summarized in a few cheat-sheets. Only operational features are detailed through the coding of several applications -the second and largest part of the book-, on free-access datasets (e.g. World Bank). It includes: cartography (SVG or API's based), data-sheets access (via Ajax or Jsonp), video data and post-synchronization, and animation examples.Table of ContentsIntroduction xiii Part 1. Core JavaScript 1 Introduction to Part 1 3 Chapter 1. Variables: Declaration, Definition and Type 5 1.1. Declarations of functions and variables 6 1.1.1. The different declaration keywords 6 1.1.2. Lexical scope and definition of a variable according to declaration mode: var, let, const 9 1.1.3. Comments (important improvements carried over by ES6) 11 1.1.4. General conclusion about the variable declarations in JavaScript 11 1.1.5. Naming variables and functions: best practices 14 1.2. Variable definition, initialization and typing in JavaScript 15 1.2.1. Variables initialization and definition 15 1.2.2. Types 15 1.2.3. How to use the type “undefined” and the value undefined 17 Chapter 2. Controls: Booleans, Branch and Loops 19 2.1. Truth values and boolean operators 19 2.1.1. Boolean operators: “!” (not), “&&” (and), “||” (or) 19 2.1.2. Relational operators: >, <, >=, <= 20 2.1.3. Comparison operators: = =, != (simple) or = = =, != = (strict) 20 2.2. Conditional instructions: branch test, loop test 21 2.2.1. Conditional instructions: if ... else, if ... else if ... else 21 2.2.2. Ternary conditional operator 21 2.2.3. Instruction “switch” 22 2.2.4. Classical iteration loop: instruction “for” 22 2.2.5. Repeat under condition: instructions “while”, and “do..while” 23 2.2.6. Implicit casting of values “undefined” and “null” in boolean context 23 2.2.7. Short-cut evaluation: tips for the uncertain definitions 24 2.2.8. Exception handling 24 Chapter 3. Data: Numbers and Strings 27 3.1. Handling numbers 28 3.1.1. Literal notation of type “number” variables 28 3.1.2. Arithmetic operators 29 3.1.3. Math operations using the methods of the object Math 30 3.1.4. Evaluation in the “numerical context” versus “boolean context” 32 3.2. Handling character strings 32 3.2.1. Literal notation of strings 32 3.2.2. Backtick syntax, or template syntax, introduced by ES6 33 3.2.3. Concatenation operator 34 3.2.4. Resolving polymorphism issues with operator + in numerical or string context 34 3.2.5. Behavior of the relational and equality operators 35 3.2.6. Various facets of string-related issues in a sample application 35 3.3. The String.prototype methods 37 3.3.1. The need for preprocessing before comparison 37 3.3.2. Handling partial comparisons 38 3.3.3. Methods for handling strings 39 3.3.4. Regular expressions 41 3.3.5. Evaluation and uses 42 3.3.6. Some examples of useful patterns 42 3.3.7. General syntax of a regular expression 43 3.3.8. Combining RegExp and String.prototype methods 44 Chapter 4. Objects and Prototypes 45 4.1. Introduction 45 4.2. The objects: concepts versus named entities 46 4.3. Object literal notation in JavaScript 47 4.3.1. Syntax for “object literal”: 47 4.3.2. Important warnings about writing JavaScript object notation 48 4.3.3. The object literal first use: to define an object type variable 49 4.3.4. The object literal second use: data notation in JSON format 49 4.3.5. Accessing the individual properties of an object 50 4.3.6. Notation syntax evolution with ES6 51 4.4. The builtin methods of Object and Object.prototype 51 4.4.1. The methods of Object, Object.prototype, and JSON 51 4.4.2. Create an object and specify its properties 53 4.4.3. Syntax and usage of the “descriptor” property 53 4.4.4. Listing the properties of an object, analyzing a literal 54 4.5. Basics of the “prototypal approach” in JavaScript 56 4.5.1. JavaScript object's fundamental relation: “has prototype” 57 4.5.2. Role of the prototypes and inheritance mechanism 58 4.5.3. Object construction: the “literal approach” 60 4.5.4. Object construction: the “prototypal approach” 61 4.5.5. The pattern “assign/create” 62 4.5.6. Object construction: the “classical approach” 63 4.6. Comparing “prototypal” and “classical” approaches 64 4.6.1. Simulating a class hierarchy in JavaScript 65 4.6.2. Summing up what we learned so far 68 Chapter 5. Arrays 71 5.1. Handling arrays: creation and access to its elements 72 5.1.1. Creating an array with the array literal notation 72 5.1.2. Checking if a variable is an array 72 5.1.3. The length property, the index count 73 5.1.4. Accessing individual values in an array: the indices 74 5.2. Methods of the object Array and Array.prototype 74 5.2.1. The “Mutators” family 75 5.2.2. The “Accessors” family 77 5.2.3. The “Iteration” family 78 5.2.4. Iterating over the elements of an array 78 5.2.5. Iteration without a loop, with Array/Array.prototype methods 79 5.2.6. Chaining array methods 81 5.2.7. Arrays and the arrow function syntax 82 5.2.8. The “Iterables” 83 5.3. Array of arrays (multidimensional array) 83 5.3.1. Frameworks proposing an “augmented Array.prototype” 85 Chapter 6. Functions 87 6.1. General syntax of a JavaScript function 88 6.1.1. Name 88 6.1.2. Parameters 88 6.1.3. Return 89 6.1.4. Function code block and scope 89 6.1.5. Creating functions 89 6.2. Invoking a function with operator (.) 90 6.2.1. The three facets of the “parentheses operator” in a function context 91 6.3. Choosing function declaration versus function expression 92 6.4. Arguments 93 6.4.1. The arguments are passed by value 93 6.4.2. The inner object “arguments” 94 6.5. Scope: global scope, function scopes and block scopes 94 6.5.1. Vocabulary: lexical scope and “namespace” 94 6.5.2. Wrapping-up and warnings 98 6.6. Function “closures” 101 6.6.1. Saving the value of a free variable in a given context 102 6.6.2. Creating a list of functions linked to an array of data 103 6.6.3. Currying”: breaking down a function into 1-parameter functions 106 6.6.4. Compositing functions from an array of functions 107 6.7. Immediately invocable functions: IIFE 109 6.7.1. Creating a “namespace”, or a named library, with an IIFE 109 6.8. The methods of Function.prototype 110 6.8.1. Function.prototype.call() and .apply(), and pronoun 'this' 112 6.8.2. Function.prototype.bind() 112 6.9. Built-in functions 113 6.10. Closure and IIFE cheat-sheet 114 Chapter 7. From Signs to Patterns 117 7.1. Reserved words 118 7.2. The pronoun “this” 119 7.2.1. The many ways to link the pronoun “this” 119 7.2.2. How to explicitly bind the pronoun? 121 7.3. Operator: new 121 7.4. Punctuation signs 122 7.5. JavaScript usual design patterns 123 7.5.1. Programming idioms 124 7.5.2. Creational pattern: “Assign/Create Combo” 125 7.5.3. Structural pattern: singleton or namespace pattern 127 7.5.4. Another structural pattern: the Decorator pattern 128 7.5.5. Behavioral pattern: the observer or publish/subscribe pattern 130 7.6. Metaprogramming with ES6 131 7.6.1. “Reflection” by “Symbols” 131 7.6.2. New tool for measuring code performance 131 Part 2. Client-Side JavaScript 133 Introduction to Part 2 135 Chapter 8. JavaScript in the Web Page 137 8.1. Ecosystem of the web page: the HTML sequence 137 8.1.1. Structure and semantics/layout and presentation 137 8.1.2. Reminder about HTML5 tags 138 8.2. Building the web page DOM: the layout engine 140 8.2.1. DOM tree built by the layout engine: selecting nodes via CSS 141 8.2.2. CSS rules and relationship with JavaScript selection methods 142 8.3. Dynamic behavior of the web page: the script engine 143 8.4. Interface with the DOM 145 8.4.1. DOM interface 1: selecting elements 145 8.4.2. DOM interface 2: reading/writing/creating an element 146 8.4.3. Methods for HTML DOM document and element prototypes 148 8.5. The events in client side JavaScript 150 8.5.1. The browser event loop 150 8.5.2. Handling DOM events 151 8.6. Interacting with the DOM: to link elements/events 153 8.6.1. Waiting for the DOM 153 8.6.2. Example: to build an HTML list 153 8.6.3. Using events: modifying attributes and class names of an element. 154 8.6.4. Dispatching events, creating a CustomEvent 155 Chapter 9. Graphic and Multimedia Tools 157 9.1. To draw in the web page 157 9.1.1. The elements and 158 9.1.2. 2D curve plot 158 9.2. SVG language 161 9.3. Handling time in graphics animation 163 9.3.1. Methods setTimeout, setInterval, requestAnimationFrame 163 9.3.2. Performance considerations, generator functions 165 9.4. Data persistence between client sessions 166 9.4.1. Http cookies 166 9.4.2. Local storages 167 9.5. Note about “JavaScript frameworks” (jQuery, d3, etc.) 168 9.5.1. A few words about jQuery 168 9.5.2. Recommendation 169 Chapter 10. AJAX Technology (Asynchrony) 171 10.1. Architecture for client–server data exchange 171 10.1.1. The object XMLHttpRequest 172 10.1.2. Using XMLHttpRequest: several steps 172 10.2. Remarks about HTTP 173 10.3. “Promises” and asynchronous programming 173 10.3.1. Example: promisifying XMLHttpRequest 174 10.3.2. Chaining promises 175 10.3.3. Parallel processing of several promises 175 10.3.4. Fetch: the promise to fetch AJAX 176 10.3.5. About the “Same Origin Policy” 177 10.4. The exchange format: JSON 177 10.4.1. A very useful application of JSON: converting data from a spreadsheet 178 10.4.2. Exporting spreadsheet data into JSON format 179 10.4.3. Differences between JSON and the Javascript object Notation 182 10.5. JavaScript Object Notation with Padding 184 10.6. A parallel JavaScript: the “worker” 185 Part 3. Applications 187 Introduction to Part 3 189 Chapter 11. Chronological Data 191 11.1. Accessing a JSON file via Ajax 191 11.1.1. Quick presentation of the Quandl API 191 11.1.2. Processing an example with promises 192 11.2. Using open source graphic libraries 195 11.2.1. Plot multiple data series against the same time axis 195 11.2.2. Dynamic plot: simulating time evolution 197 Chapter 12. Relational Data 199 12.1. Aggregating tabulated JSON data 199 12.1.1. lectoral data: administrative breakdown, political breakdown 200 12.1.2. Aggregating data along the spatial dimension: votes by circonscription 203 12.1.3. Aggregating data along the affiliations dimension: labels by candidate 205 12.2. Joining data: multiple JSON files 207 12.2.1. Advantage of the flexibility brought by the prototypal approach 207 12.2.2. Coding the join on the electoral application 208 12.3. Postprocessing: analysis 210 12.3.1. Analyzing the affiliations 210 12.4. The role of promises 211 12.4.1. Performance considerations with the electoral application 213 12.5. Using Google Gantt chart for a graphic visualization 214 Chapter 13. Cartographic Data 217 13.1. Cartographic application: using cartographic libraries 217 13.1.1. Preparation of the map 219 13.1.2. Creating a layer of markers 220 13.1.3. Interacting and selecting features 222 13.2. SVG-based cartography 222 13.2.1. Description of the application 223 13.2.2. Embedding the whole SVG document by direct copy 224 13.2.3. Embedding the SVG code, element by element 225 13.2.4. Joining relational data and SVG data 225 13.2.5. Processing the combined information 226 13.3. Getting coordinates from Wikipedia pages 227 Chapter 14. Data Served by JSONP 229 14.1. Serving RSS feeds through Yahoo Query Language 229 14.2. Serving shared spreadsheets through Google spreadsheets 231 14.2.1. Client-side code: HTML and script of the callback function 231 14.2.2. Server-side code under the GoogleScript global object 232 14.3. Serving images and their metadata through the Flickr API 233 Bibliography 235 Index 239

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Book SynopsisThe intelligence of a city is the capacity to learn: to learn the past, its history and the culture of its territory. Unlike the smart city, we do not build a city from scratch and there is nothing, there is no smart city standard car intelligence is measured this ability to fit into a territorial dynamic, a story and a culture. Continuous learning through instantaneous feedback provides the digital to understand and map the urban system and driver.Table of ContentsForeword ix Introduction xv Chapter 1. What Do We Mean by “Smart City” and Where Does This Idea Come From? 1 1.1. Not-so-smart smart cities! 3 1.2. The smoke and mirrors of smart cities 6 1.3. Other mirrors for other smoke: cities of the creative classes 12 1.4. So what is a “smart city”? 17 Chapter 2. The Challenges of Urban Development in the Context of the Third Industrial Revolution 21 2.1. The demographic and economic challenges: toward a change in economic model 21 2.2. Geopolitical challenges: the polar shift in development in favor of the south-west and the different strategies among industrialized and emerging countries 26 2.3. Energy transfer: the fossil fuel curse is not about to disappear.33 2.4. The six breakthroughs in urban development based on smart cities 37 Chapter 3. What Makes a City Smart? 43 3.1. Lessons from medieval cities 44 3.1.1. Architect-less cities? 45 3.1.2. How do cities become unintelligent? 49 3.2.A city is a system of life 52 3.3.Smart territory 54 3.3.1.Territory: an immaterial asset 54 3.3.2.The territory secretes innovation (and not the other way around) 58 3.3.3.The territorial dynamic in action 60 3.4.Are metropolises smart territories? 63 3.5.A city is not a collection of smarties 65 3.5.1.A city is a living system 65 3.5.2 which we understand today through new approaches 66 3.5.3 at the heart of which the sciences of complexity 67 3.5.4.help conjugate internal semi-stability and external instability 68 3.6.The dangers of a technocentric approach 70 Chapter 4. New Sciences of Cities 73 4.1.The more or less sympathetic myths of the ideal city 75 4.2.A city is an imbalanced system 79 4.2.1.Definition of an urban ecosystem 80 4.2.2.A city is a system in incomplete equilibrium 82 4.2.3.What is a city’s optimal size? 85 4.2.4.Size and inequalities are correlated 86 4.3.Smart city: an autopoietic system 89 4.4.A city must be designed as a “system of systems” 95 4.4.1.Modeling 99 4.4.2.Emergence 103 4.4.3.Evolution inside: the urban lifecycle management 105 4.4.4.System architecture as a frame of representation 107 4.4.5.The design method 109 4.4.6.Integration process: more efficiency for less 114 4.4.7.Integrating heterogeneous systems 118 Chapter 5. Smart City in Action 125 5.1.Two cities that should not exist: Norilsk and Singapore 125 5.1.1.Norilsk, the most polluted and polluting city in the world 125 5.1.2.Singapore, the smart nation 127 5.2.Pilot projects 133 5.2.1.The African city 134 5.2.2.The emergence of a territorial project through meaning: the case of Rhamna, in Morocco 136 5.2.3.Casablanca as a prototype for remedying to the tentacular growth of cities 141 5.2.4.Angola, Namibia: eco-design of a drinking water supply 146 5.2.5.Urban problem and economic transition: the Russian case of monotowns 153 5.3.The worksites of the smart city 159 5.3.1.The power of data 159 5.3.2.How much do smart cities cost? 171 5.3.3.The government of a smart city 179 5.3.4.What are the tasks and what is the form of a smart government for a smart city? 180 Conclusion 187 References 191 Index 203

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Book SynopsisThe ability of future industry to create interactive, flexible and always-on connections between design, manufacturing and supply is an ongoing challenge, affecting competitiveness, efficiency and resourcing. The goal of enterprise interoperability (EI) research is therefore to address the effectiveness of solutions that will successfully prepare organizations for the advent and uptake of new technologies. This volume outlines results and practical concepts from recent and ongoing European research studies in EI, and examines the results of research and discussions cultivated at the I-ESA 2018 conference, “Smart services and business impact of enterprise interoperability”. The conference, designed to encourage collaboration between academic inquiry and real-world industry applications, addressed a number of advanced multidisciplinary topics including Industry 4.0, Big Data, the Internet of Things, Cloud computing, ontology, artificial intelligence, virtual reality and enterprise modelling for future “smart” manufacturing. Readers will find this book to be a source of invaluable knowledge for enterprise architects in a range of industries and organizations. Table of ContentsPart 1. Embedded Intelligence 1. Exploiting Embedded Intelligence in Manufacturing Decision Support, Paul Goodall, Heinz Lugo, Richard Sharpe, Kate Van-Lopik, Sarogini Pease, Andrew West and Bob Young. 2.Test of the Industrial Internet of Things: Opening the Black Box, Frank-Walter Jaekel and Jan Torka. 3. Intelligent Decision-support Systems in Supply Chains: Requirements Identification, Eduardo Saiz, Raul Poler and Beatriz Andres. 4. A Total Solution Provider’s Perspective on Embedded Intelligence in Manufacturing Decision-support Systems, Gash Bhullar. Part 2. Business Impact of Enterprise Interoperability 5. Enterprise Interoperability Management and Artifacts, Frank-Walter Jaekel. 6. Challenges for Adaptable Energy-efficient Production Processes, Kay Burow, Marc Allan Redecker, Alena V. Fedotova, Quan Deng, Marco Franke, Zied Ghrairi and Klaus-Dieter Thoben. 7. Interoperability Requirements for Adaptive Production System-of-Systems, Georg Weichhart and Alexander Egyed. 8. Platforms for the Industrial Internet of Things: Enhancing Business Models through Interoperability, David Soto Setzke, Nicolas Scheidl, Tobias Riasanow, Markus Böhm and Helmut Krcmar. Part 3. Virtual Factory 9. vf-OS Architecture, Danny Pape, Tobias Hinz, Oscar Garcia Perales, Francisco Fraile, José Luis Flores and Oscar J. Rubio. 10. Enablers Framework: Developing Applications Using FIWARE, Pedro Corista, Joao Giao, Joao Sarraipa, Oscar Garcia Perales, Raquel Almeida and Nejib Moalla. 11. vf-OS IO Toolkit, Víctor Anaya, Nejib Moalla, Ludo Stellingwerff, José Luis Flores and Francisco Fraile. 12. Data Management Component for Virtual Factories Systems, Artem A. Nazarenko, Joao Giao, Joao Sarraipa, Oscar J. Saiz, Oscar Garcia Perales and Ricardo Jardim-Gonçalves. 13. An Open Environment for Development of Manufacturing Applications on vf-OS, Carlos Coutinho, Luís Lopes, Vítor Viana, Danny Pape, Gerrit Klasen, Bastian von Halem, Oscar Garcia Perales, Ludo Stellingwerff and Andries Stam. 14. A Novel Approach to Software Development in the Microservice Environment of vf-OS, Luís Manteigas Da Cunha, Ludo Stellingwerff and Andries Stam. Part 4. Standardization 15. Standardization and Innovation: a Multipriority Approach, Eitan Naveh. 16. Why Should Interoperability R&D Work Be Driven by Agile Integration and Message Standards Concerns?, Nenad Ivezic and Boonserm Kulvatunyou. 17. Managing IT Standardization in Government: Towards a Descriptive Reference Model, Dian Balta, Nina-Mareike Harders and Helmut Krcmar. 18. Review: What are the Strategies for and Benefits of Effective IT Standardization in Government?, Dian Balta, Florian Feller and Helmut Krcmar. 19. Licensing Terms for IoT Standard Setting: Do We Need “End-User” or “License for All” Concepts?, Matt Heckman. Part 5. Industrial Big Data and Platforms 20. Semantic Interoperability for the IoT: Analysis of JSON for Linked Data, João Luiz Rebelo Moreira, Luís Ferreira Pires and Marten van Sinderen. 21. FIWARE for Industry: A Data-driven Reference Architecture,Stefano De Panfilis, Sergio Gusmeroli, Jorge Rodriguez, Ernö Kovacs and Jesús Benedicto. 22. European Big Data Value Association Position Paper on the Smart Manufacturing Industry, Anibal Reñones, Davide Dalle Carbonare and Sergio Gusmeroli. 23. SmTIP: A Big Data Integration Platform for Synchromodal Transport, Prince M. Singh, Marten van Sinderen and Roel Wieringa. 24. Fault Prediction in Aerospace Product Manufacturing: A Model-based Big Data Analytics Service, Anna Maria Crespino, Carla Di Biccari, Mariangela Lazoi and Marianna Lezzi. 25. A SAREF Extension for Semantic Interoperability in the Industry and Manufacturing Domain, Laura M. Daniele, Matthijs Punter, Christopher Brewster, Raúl García Castro, María Poveda and Alba Fernández. 26. A Building Information Model-centered Big Data Platform to Support Digital Transformation in the Construction Industry, Yvar Bosdriesz, Marten van Sinderen, Maria Iacob and Pieter Verkroost. 27. ISBM: a Data Integration Infrastructure for IoT Applications, Helder Oliveira Gomes Filho, José Gonçalves Pereira Filho and João Luiz Rebelo Moreira. 28. RS4IoT: a Recommender System for IoT, Caio Martins Barbosa, Roberta Lima Gomes, José Gonçalves Pereira Filho and João Luiz Rebelo Moreira. Part 6. Predictive Maintenance 29. Using Sensor Data for Predictive Maintenance of a Complex Transportation Asset, Bernd Bredehorst, Olaf Peters, Jeroen Versteeg, Markus Neuhaus, Carl Hans and Moritz von Stietencron. 30. The ProaSense Platform for Predictive Maintenance in the Automotive Lighting Equipment Industry ,Alexandros Bousdekis, Babis Magoutas, Dimitris Apostolou,Gregoris Mentzas and Primoz Puhar. 31. Predictive Maintenance Framework: Implementation of Local and Cloud Processing for Multi-stage Prediction of CNC Machines’ Health, Panagiotis Aivaliotis, Konstantinos Georgoulias, Raffaele Ricatto and Michele Surico. 32. An Onboard Model-of-signals Approach for Condition Monitoring in Automatic Machines, Matteo Barbieri, Alessandro Bosso, Christian Conficoni, Roberto Diversi, Matteo Sartini and Andrea Tilli. 33. Maintenance Planning Support Tool Based on Condition Monitoring with Semantic Modeling of Systems, Alice Reina, Sang-Je Cho, Gökan May, Eva Coscia, Jacopo Cassina and Dimitris Kiritsis. 34. SERENA: Versatile Plug-and-Play Platform Enabling Remote Predictive Maintenance, Sotirios Makris, Nikolaos Nikolakis, Konstantinos Dimoulas, Apostolos Papavasileiou and Massimo Ippolito. 35. DRIFT: A Data-driven Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis Tool, Davide Zanardi, Manuele Barbieri and Giovanni Uguccioni. 36. Real-time Predictive Maintenance Based on Complex Event Processing, Klaus-Dieter Thoben, Abderrahim Ait-Alla, Marco Franke, Karl Hribernik, Michael Lütjen and Michael Freitag. 37. The Standards as Critical Means of Integration of Advanced Maintenance Approaches to Production Systems, Yves Keraron. Part 7. Industry 4.0 Qualification 38. Evaluation of Industry 4.0 Technology – Applications,Moritz von Stietencron, Bjørnar Henriksen, Carl Christian Røstad, Karl Hribernik and Klaus-Dieter Thoben. 39. Improving the Efficiency of Industrial Processes with a Plug and Play IOT Data Acquisition Platform, Daniele Mazzei, Gabriele Montelisciani, Giacomo Baldi, Andrea Baù, Matteo Cipriani and Gualtiero Fantoni. 40. Knowledge Transfer from Students to Companies: Understanding Industry 4.0 Maturity Levels, Leonello Trivelli, Simona Pira, Gualtiero Fantoni and Andrea Bonaccorsi. Part 8. Enterprise Modelling and Simulation 41. Developing an Enterprise Modeling Ontology, David Chen. 42. Model-driven Requirements Elicitation for Manufacturing System Development, Amir Pirayesh, Guy Doumeingts, João Sousa, Carlos Agostinho, Sudeep Ghimire and Cristiano Fertuzinhos. 43. A Comprehensive Architecture to Integrate Modeling and Simulation Solutions in CPPS, Carlos Agostinho, José Ferreira, Sudeep Ghimire, Gregory Zacharewicz, Amir Pirayesh and Guy Doumeingts. 44. Modeling and Simulation of Decision Systems, Raul Poler, Beatriz Andres, Guy Doumeingts and Amir Pirayesh. Part 9. Methods and Tools for Product-Service Systems 45. Identifying New PSS Concepts: the Product-Service Concept Tree, Giuditta Pezzotta, Fabiana Pirola, Roberto Sala, Antonio Margarito, Paulo Pina and Rui Neves-Silva. 46. Role of Enterprise Strategy in Product-Service System Innovation Process, Amir Pirayesh, Guy Doumeingts, Carl Hans and Maria José Nuñez Ariño. 47. Technological and Organizational Pathways towards 2025 Collaborative Product-Service Connected Factories of the Future, Chris Decubber, Sergio Gusmeroli, Guy Doumeingts, Domenico Rotondi, Fenareti Lampathaki and Luis Usatorre Arazusta. 48. Circular Engineering and Product-Service Systems in the Machine Tool Sector: the PSYMBIOSYS Approach, Nerea Sopelana, Lara Gonzalez, Oscar Lazaro, Andoni Laskurain and Rikardo Minguez . Part 10. Interoperability for Crisis Management 49. Assessment of Climate Change-related Risks and Vulnerabilities in Cities and Urban Environments, Jingquan Xie, Manfred Bogen, Daniel Lückerath, Erich Rome, Betim Sojeva, Oliver Ullrich and Rainer Worst. 50. Semantic Interoperability of Early Warning Systems: a Systematic Literature Review, João Luiz Rebelo Moreira, Luís Ferreira Pires, Patricia Dockhorn Costa and Marten van Sinderen. 51. Towards Semantic Generation of Geolocalized Models of Risk, Alex Coletti, Antonio De Nicola, Antonio Di Pietro, Maurizio Pollino, Vittorio Rosato, Giordano Vicoli and Maria Luisa Villani. 52. An Ontology-based Emergency Response System for Interoperability in a Crisis Situation in Smart Cities, Linda Elmhadhbi, Mohamed-Hedi Karray and Bernard Archimède. 53. Analyzing Interoperability in a Non-functional Requirements Ecosystem to Support Crisis Management Response, Nicolas Daclin, Behrang Moradi and Vincent Chapurlat. Part 11. I-ESA 2018 Doctoral Symposium 54. Providing the Flexibility of the Shop Floor to Information Systems for Monitoring Tasks, Alexander Dennert. 55. Shop Floor Management Systems in Case of Increasing Process Variation, Wolf Schliephack. 56. Comprehensive Function Models for the Management of Heterogeneous Industrial Networks as Enabler for Interoperability, Santiago Soler Perez Olaya.

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the unity of life. It proposes that the concept of information is the inner essence of what we today call life. The importance of information for our species is obvious. Human beings are highly dependent on information, constantly exchanging with conspecifics. In a less apparent way, we are the product of genetic and epigenetic information which determines our development in a given environment from a fertilized egg to the adult stage. Even less apparent is that information plays a determining role in ecosystems. This observation may include the prebiotic systems in which life emerged. Our claim is that Nature processes information continuously. This means that even beyond living entities, we can see messages and decoding procedures. Nature can be said to send messages to its own future and then to decode them. Nature “talks” to itself! The systematic organization of messages suggests that, in some respects, we should even speak of the “languages” of Nature. Table of ContentsPreface ix Introduction xiii Acknowledgments xxiii Chapter 1 Human and Animal Communication 1 1.1 Language, that amazing thing 1 1.2 The mechanics of language 2 1.3 What is syntax? 10 1.4 Meaning 11 1.5 Beyond meaning 13 1.6 Non-human languages 14 1.7 Types of language 17 1.8 Why give information? 23 1.9 The autonomy of information 28 1.10 Language and information 31 Chapter 2 Genetic Information 33 2.1 A central concept in biology 33 2.2 Epigenetic information 40 2.3 The environment 42 2.4 Information: from replication to reproduction 48 2.5 Mutation and selection 49 2.6 The story of the message: phylogeny and coalescence 52 2.7 The point of view of the reading system 58 2.8 We cannot see the wood for the trees 60 2.9 The tree and the web and some complexities there! 64 2.10 When information and individual can no longer be confused 66 2.11 Conflicts and levels of integration: avatars 71 2.12 Sociobiology, altruism and information 73 2.13 The “all genetics” versus epigenetics 75 2.14 What is Life? 77 Chapter 3 Ecosystem and Information 79 3.1 An information-centered perspective of the ecosystem 79 3.2 Reservoirs of ecosystemic information 82 3.3 Biodiversity: an ecosystem made up of individuals 87 3.4 Phylogeny of communities: biology in the arena 90 3.5 The ecosystem: a physical system or a biological system? 92 3.6 An ecosystem made up of matter and energy 96 3.7 Failure of the physical approach 98 3.8 Physics has not said its last word 106 3.9 The great challenges of ecology 110 3.10 Flow and balance of ecosystemic information 117 3.11 Ecosystemic codes 121 3.12 The languages of the ecosystem 129 Chapter 4 Can We Define Information? 133 4.1 Information as surprise 133 4.2 Information measured by complexity 136 4.3 Information as organized complexity 137 4.4 Information as compression 139 4.5 Coding and information reading 142 4.6 Memory 145 Chapter 5 Evolution of Information 149 5.1 In the beginning was structure 149 5.2 The first languages were ecosystemic 151 5.3 The replicators and the conservators 152 5.4 Biological languages 155 5.5 Information selection 156 5.6 Messages and languages 158 5.7 The complexification of codes. 159 5.8 Complexification of languages 161 5.9 The re-creation of life 164 5.10 And what about tomorrow? 166 References 169 Index 179

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Book SynopsisSearch Engine Optimization (SEO) is arguably the most significant tool that marketeers have to push online content. As the hub of the computational engineering fields, SEO encompasses technical, editorial and link-building strategies, and is an integral part of our daily lives. As important as it is ubiquitous, SEO is needed for the development of a brand�s website and online reputation. When a website is live, one of its priorities is to drive organic traffic towards it, in order to attract visibility. In order to achieve such an aim, many proactive measures must be put in place, advice followed and tips implemented. There should also be an understanding of the holistic connection between a website�s HTML sources, content management system and its relationship with external websites too (SEO off-site). There are many different search engines in the world and depending on the international boundary, one web browser usually dominates the landscape. Google features prominently in SEO Management, but this book also goes into detail regarding Baidu SEO (China), Yandex SEO (Russia) and Naver SEO (South Korea). There is also guidance given on how to manage a SEO project.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Introduction xi Chapter 1 State of the Art of SEO 1 1.1 The market share of search engines 1 1.2 Developed technologies and voice search 2 1.2.1 Google AMP and Baidu MIP 2 1.2.2 Voice search and connected speakers 4 Chapter 2 SEO Project Management from A to Z 11 2.1 The specifications or customer brief to be respected 13 2.2 The kick-off meeting 14 2.3 Reverse schedules 15 2.4 Technical audit of the site 16 2.5 Implementation of technical recommendations 17 2.6 Semantic audit of the site 18 2.7 The study of keywords 19 2.8 Content optimization 20 2.9 Integration of optimized content 21 2.10 Auditing of external links 22 2.11 Technical and semantic acceptance testing 23 2.12 Follow-up, maintenance and reporting 24 Chapter 3 Technical SEO: from HTML Tags to URL 29 3.1 Simulation of Google’s transition 30 3.2 Compliant URLs for SEO 31 3.3 Reasons for non-compliant URLs 31 3.4 Active versus inactive pages 32 3.5 Active and inactive pages × depth 33 3.6 Crawl budget of a site 34 3.7 Polluting URLs 35 3.8 The objectives of AMP, MIP and Turbo Pages 36 3.9 Loading times by page type 39 3.10 Robots.txt 42 3.11 Sitemap.xml 45 3.12 404 pages 52 3.13 301/302 redirection 53 3.14 Removal of broken and redirected URLs 55 3.15 Canonical plan 58 3.16 Log audit 61 3.17 Meta tags 66 3.18 Heading tags 68 3.19 Hreflang tagging 70 3.20 Alt attribute tagging 73 3.21 Rich snippets tagging 74 3.22 Open Graph meta tagging 78 3.23 Twitter meta tagging 79 3.24 Social network share buttons 82 3.25 Page lifecycle management (articles and products) 84 3.26 Seasonality of pages 85 3.27 Pagination of pages on a site 86 Chapter 4 Semantic SEO, Editorial and Copywriting 89 4.1 Optimization of the title tag 89 4.2 Optimization of the meta description tag 91 4.3 Optimization of heading titles (H1, H2, H3) 92 4.4 Optimization of URLs (URL rewriting) 94 4.5 Optimization of text content 97 4.6 Optimization of internal network size 98 4.7 Optimization of alt attributes for images 100 4.8 Optimization of breadcrumbs (anchors) 102 4.9 Optimization of internal and external anchors 103 4.10 Media file optimization 105 Chapter 5 Link-building Methods 107 5.1 Guest blogging 108 5.2 Paid external publications 110 5.3 Link ninja 111 5.4 Link baiting (inbound marketing) 112 5.5 Product tests or services 114 5.6 Participation in events 116 5.7 Video marketing 119 5.8 Writing press reviews 121 Chapter 6 Computational Engineering Applied to SEO 125 6.1 Semantic ontologies 125 6.2 TF-IDF 129 6.3 N-grams 130 6.4 Named entities 132 6.5 SEO and computational engineering 135 Chapter 7 International SEO Specificities 139 7.1 Baidu SEO 139 7.2 Yandex SEO 152 7.3 Naver SEO 161 Conclusion 171 References 173 Index 175

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Book SynopsisDigitalization is a long socio-historic process in which all areas of society�s activities are reconfigured. In the first volume of Digitalization of Society and Socio-political Issues, there is an examination of the transformations linked to the development of digital platforms and social media which affect cultural and communicational industries. The book also analyzes the formation of Big Data, their algorithmic processing and the societal changes which result from them (social monitoring and control in particular). Through diverse critical reflections, it equally presents different ways that digital participates in relations of power and domination, and contributes to eventual emancipatory practices. Following on, the second volume examines the transformations that are linked to digital practices that affect the production, circulation and consumption of information, as well as new forms that are taken by social mobilizations. It treats several important issues in the digital era that are more likely to become the subject of public debates, among which one can include the renewed relationship between research and digital. Through diverse critical reflections, it equally presents different ways that digital participates in relations of power and domination, and contributes to eventual emancipatory practices.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments xiÉric GEORGE Introduction xiiiÉric GEORGE Part 1. The Digital and Information 1 Chapter 1. New News Formats on/by Digital Social Networks 3Valérie CROISSANT and Annelise TOUBOUL 1.1. Framework for the exploratory analysis 4 1.2. Media temporalities 6 1.2.1. Signifying time 6 1.2.2. The media agenda 7 1.3. Media territories 10 1.3.1. Broadcasting tactics on Konbini 10 1.3.2. Tactics and dependencies for Brut and Le Monde 11 1.4. Conclusion 12 1.5. References 13 Chapter 2. New Information Practices and Audiences in the Digital Age 15Pascal RICAUD 2.1. Understanding the reality of media change in a context of digital transition 15 2.2. A new media contract 17 2.2.1. Redefining the problematic figure of an audience 18 2.2.2. What is the real place and involvement of the audience? 20 2.3. The new intermediate figures of information (the partition of participation) 21 2.4. Conclusion 23 2.5. References 23 Chapter 3. The Effects of Innovation on the Careers of Journalists 27Fábio Henrique PEREIRA 3.1. Theoretical framework 27 3.1.1. Profession and segments 27 3.1.2. A transnational identity for online journalists? 28 3.2. Methodology 30 3.3. Results 31 3.3.1. Ideological injunctions to innovation 31 3.3.2. Innovation discourses found in careers 34 3.3.3. An international circulation of discourses on innovation? 37 3.4. Conclusion 37 3.5. References 38 Chapter 4. Virtual Reality and Alternative Facts: The Subjective Realities of Digital Communities 41Louis-Philippe RONDEAU 4.1. Social media and alternative facts 41 4.2. VR: a surrogate reality 42 4.3. Convergence of social and virtual realities 45 4.4. Virtual reality as a vector of empathy 46 4.5. Conclusion 47 4.6. References 48 Chapter 5. Professional Structuring of Political Content Creators on YouTube 51Alexis CLOT 5.1. Being political on the Internet 53 5.1.1. Algorithms and buzz 53 5.1.2. Moderation and openness 53 5.1.3. To take on or not to take on politics 55 5.2. New grammars and old practices 56 5.2.1. Doing politics differently (Interview 7, 2018) 56 5.2.2. Journalists and videographers: “rival partners”? 57 5.3. Conclusion 59 5.4. References 59 Chapter 6. When Vlogging Educates in Politics: The French Case of “Osons Causer” 61Christelle COMBE 6.1. Theoretical anchoring 62 6.1.1. Computer-mediated multimodal communication and digital discourse analysis 62 6.1.2. Multimodal interactive platforms and participatory culture 63 6.2. Purpose of the research and methodological approach 64 6.2.1. The vlog “Osons Causer” 64 6.2.2. The methodological approach 64 6.3. Analyses 65 6.3.1. Digital writing and building an ethos 65 6.3.2. Educating for politics: digital rhetoric and elements of didacticity 67 6.3.3. Relationality of native digital discourse 70 6.4. Conclusion 75 6.5. References 76 Part 2. Digital and Mobilizations 79 Chapter 7. El dia de la mùsica: The Digital Organization of the 2017 Catalan Referendum 81Philippe-Antoine LUPIEN 7.1. Context: the organization of Catalan civil society 82 7.2. The alternative organization of the Catalan referendum 85 7.2.1. Broadcast: IPFS protocol to bypass censorship 86 7.2.2. Mobilization and tactical communication: Telegram Messenger, official ANC channel 88 7.2.3. Voting: the “computer heroes” of October 1 89 7.3. Conclusion 91 7.4. References 92 Chapter 8. Digitalization and Civic Engagement for the Environment: New Trends 93Ghada TOUIR 8.1. Case study and methodology 95 8.2. Results and analyses 97 8.2.1. News/monitoring 98 8.2.2. Contact/networking 98 8.2.3. Mobilization/action 98 8.2.4. Sharing of know-how and knowledge 98 8.3. Conclusion 100 8.4. References 101 Chapter 9. Online Antifeminist Discourse and the Republican Left 103Sklaerenn LE GALLO 9.1. Republican feminism, universalist feminism 104 9.1.1. Liberty, equality, fraternity 104 9.1.2. Thinking about secularism 105 9.1.3. A differentiated citizenship? 106 9.2. The case of Jean-Luc Mélenchon 108 9.2.1. On communitarianism 108 9.2.2. About Jeuxvideo.com’s forum 18-25 109 9.3. Conclusion 110 9.4. References 111 Chapter 10. Digital Social Media and Access to Public Sphere 113Raymond CORRIVEAU and France AUBIN 10.1. Research question 114 10.2. Public space and its challenges 114 10.3. Methodological design 115 10.4. Demonstration of evidence 116 10.5. Results 118 10.5.1. Visibility and consultation 119 10.5.2. The interaction 119 10.5.3. The follow-up 119 10.6. Reminder of the approach 120 10.7. Discussion 121 10.8. Conclusion 122 10.9. References 122 Chapter 11. Civil Society and Online Exchanges: Some Digital Contingencies 123Martin BONNARD 11.1. Materialistic approach and transindividual communication milieu 123 11.2. Apparatuses and mediation through technology 124 11.3. Three digital contingencies 126 11.4. Conclusion 128 11.5. References 129 Part 3. Digital: Some Major Issues to Conclude 133 Chapter 12. Transparency, the Public’s Right to Information versus Security and State Secrecy in the Digital Age 135Ndiaga LOUM 12.1. Relationships of power and domination between fields: research questions 137 12.2. Illustrative case studies of power relationships 139 12.2.1. The sponsorship scandal: a Canadian case study 139 12.2.2. The unique and specific case of WikiLeaks: freedom of information versus the need for state security 143 12.3. Conclusion 145 12.4. References 146 Chapter 13. Information Commons and the Neoliberal State 149Lisiane LOMAZZI 13.1. The history and evolution of the commons 150 13.1.1. Legal and economic concepts of common goods 150 13.1.2. Political economy of the commons: the commons as institutional arrangements 151 13.1.3. The socio-politics of the common: the common as a political principle 152 13.2. The relationship between the commons and the neoliberal state 153 13.2.1. Article 8 of the Digital Republic Bill 153 13.2.2. The European Digital Summit 154 13.3. Conclusion 156 13.4. References 157 Chapter 14. Digitalization of Society: Elements for an Ecology of Solicitation? 159Dominique CARRÉ 14.1. Social computerization, digitalization of society: two different processes or a new step in the same rationalization process? 160 14.2. Relevance of communication studies to understand the process of social computerization (digitalization) 160 14.3. Outline of a new research orientation: moving towards an ecology of solicitation? 162 14.4. Which approach should be adopted? 164 14.5. Conclusion 165 14.6. References 165 Chapter 15. What is the Concept of Humanities in Francophone Digital Humanities? 169Christophe MAGIS 15.1. The emergence of Francophone digital humanities 169 15.2. Digital humanities in the changing world of universities and HSS 171 15.3. Towards a critical theory of the humanities in the digital age: experience, interpretation and speculative thinking 174 15.4. Conclusion 178 15.5. References 178 Chapter 16. The Digital Humanities as a Sign of Their Time 181Luiz C. MARTINO 16.1. Breaking down the barriers between digital humanities 183 16.2. Actuality 184 16.3. Theory and practices 186 16.4. Conclusion 189 16.5. References 190 Conclusion 193Michel SÉNÉCAL List of Authors 205 Index 207

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Book SynopsisThis book, presented in three volumes, examines �environmental� disciplines in relation to major players in contemporary science: Big Data, artificial intelligence and cloud computing. Today, there is a real sense of urgency regarding the evolution of computer technology, the ever-increasing volume of data, threats to our climate and the sustainable development of our planet. As such, we need to reduce technology just as much as we need to bridge the global socio-economic gap between the North and South; between universal free access to data (open data) and free software (open source). In this book, we pay particular attention to certain environmental subjects, in order to enrich our understanding of cloud computing. These subjects are: erosion; urban air pollution and atmospheric pollution in Southeast Asia; melting permafrost (causing the accelerated release of soil organic carbon in the atmosphere); alert systems of environmental hazards (such as forest fires, prospective modeling of socio-spatial practices and land use); and web fountains of geographical data. Finally, this book asks the question: in order to find a pattern in the data, how do we move from a traditional computing model-based world to pure mathematical research? After thorough examination of this topic, we conclude that this goal is both transdisciplinary and achievable.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Part 1. Integrated Analysis in Geography: The Way to Cloud Computing xix Introduction to Part 1 xxiDominique LAFFLY Chapter 1. Geographical Information and Landscape, Elements of Formalization 1Dominique LAFFLY Chapter 2. Sampling Strategies 7Dominique LAFFLY 2.1. References 18 Chapter 3. Characterization of the Spatial Structure 19Dominique LAFFLY Chapter 4. Thematic Information Structures 27Dominique LAFFLY Chapter 5. From the Point to the Surface, How to Link Endogenous and Exogenous Data 35Dominique LAFFLY 5.1. References 44 Chapter 6. Big Data in Geography 45Dominique LAFFLY Conclusion to Part 1 55Dominique LAFFLY Part 2. Basic Mathematical, Statistical and Computational Tools 59 Chapter 7. An Introduction to Machine Learning 61Hichem SAHLI 7.1. Predictive modeling: introduction 61 7.2. Bayesian modeling61 7.2.1. Basic probability theory 62 7.2.2. Bayes rule 63 7.2.3. Parameter estimation 63 7.2.4. Learning Gaussians 64 7.3. Generative versus discriminative models 66 7.4. Classification 67 7.4.1. Naïve Bayes 68 7.4.2. Support vector machines 69 7.5. Evaluation metrics for classification evaluation 71 7.5.1. Confusion matrix-based measures 71 7.5.2. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) 73 7.6. Cross-validation and over-fitting 73 7.7. References 74 Chapter 8. Multivariate Data Analysis 75Astrid JOURDAN and Dominique LAFFLY 8.1. Introduction 75 8.2. Principal component analysis 77 8.2.1. How to measure the information 78 8.2.2. Scalar product and orthogonal variables 80 8.2.3. Construction of the principal axes 81 8.2.4. Analysis of the principal axes 84 8.2.5. Analysis of the data points 86 8.3. Multiple correspondence analysis 88 8.3.1. Indicator matrix 89 8.3.2. Cloud of data points 90 8.3.3. Cloud of levels 92 8.3.4. MCA or PCA? 94 8.4. Clustering 96 8.4.1. Distance between data points 97 8.4.2. Dissimilarity criteria between clusters 98 8.4.3. Variance (inertia) decomposition 99 8.4.4. k-means method 101 8.4.5. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering 104 8.5. References 105 Chapter 9. Sensitivity Analysis 107Astrid JOURDAN and Peio LOUBIÈRE 9.1. Generalities 107 9.2. Methods based on linear regression 109 9.2.1. Presentation 109 9.2.2. R practice 111 9.3. Morris’ method 114 9.3.1. Elementary effects method (Morris’ method) 114 9.3.2. R practice 117 9.4. Methods based on variance analysis 119 9.4.1. Sobol’ indices 120 9.4.2. Estimation of the Sobol’ indices 122 9.4.3. R practice 123 9.5. Conclusion 126 9.6. References 127 Chapter 10. Using R for Multivariate Analysis 129Astrid JOURDAN 10.1. Introduction 129 10.1.1. The dataset 131 10.1.2. The variables 134 10.2. Principal component analysis 136 10.2.1. Eigenvalues 137 10.2.2. Data points (Individuals) 139 10.2.3. Supplementary variables 143 10.2.4. Other representations 143 10.3. Multiple correspondence analysis 144 10.4. Clustering 145 10.4.1. k-means algorithm 145 10.5. References 151 Part 3. Computer Science 153 Chapter 11. High Performance and Distributed Computing 155Sebastiano Fabio SCHIFANO, Eleonora LUPPI, Didin Agustian PERMADI, Thi Kim Oanh NGUYEN, Nhat Ha Chi NGUYEN and Luca TOMASSETTI 11.1. High performance computing 155 11.2. Systems based on multi-core CPUs 157 11.2.1. Systems based on GPUs 159 Chapter 12. Introduction to Distributed Computing 163Eleonora LUPPI 12.1. Introduction 163 12.1.1. A brief history 163 12.1.2. Design requirements165 12.1.3. Models 168 12.1.4. Grid computing 171 12.2. References 176 Chapter 13. Towards Cloud Computing 179Peio LOUBIÈRE and Luca TOMASSETTI 13.1. Introduction 179 13.1.1. Generalities 179 13.1.2. Benefits and drawbacks 180 13.2. Service model 180 13.2.1. Software as a Service 181 13.2.2. Platform as a Service 182 13.2.3. Infrastructure as a Service 182 13.2.4. And many more: XaaS 182 13.3. Deployment model 183 13.3.1. Public cloud 183 13.3.2. Private cloud 183 13.3.3. Hybrid cloud 184 13.4. Behind the hood, a technological overview 184 13.4.1. Structure 184 13.4.2. Virtualization 185 13.4.3. Scalability 186 13.4.4. Web-Oriented Architecture 187 13.5. Conclusion 187 13.6. References 188 Chapter 14. Web-Oriented Architecture – How to design a RESTFull API 191Florent DEVIN 14.1. Introduction 191 14.2. Web services 192 14.2.1. Introduction 192 14.2.2. SOAP web services 193 14.2.3. REST web services 195 14.3. Web-Oriented Applications – Microservice applications 198 14.3.1. Stateless and scalabilty 199 14.3.2. API 200 14.3.3. HTTP Methods 201 14.3.4. Example of an API 202 14.4. WSDL example 203 14.5. Conclusion 205 14.6. References 205 Chapter 15. SCALA – Functional Programming 207Florent DEVIN 15.1. Introduction 207 15.1.1. Programming languages 208 15.1.2. Paradigm 208 15.2. Functional programming 212 15.2.1. Introduction 212 15.2.2. Why now? 212 15.2.3. High order function 213 15.2.4. Basic functional blocks 215 15.3. Scala 217 15.3.1. Types systems 218 15.3.2. Basic manipulation of collection 222 15.4. Rational 224 15.5. Why immutability matters? 224 15.6. Conclusion 226 15.7. References 227 Chapter 16. Spark and Machine Learning Library 229Yannick LE NIR 16.1. Introduction 229 16.2. Spark 230 16.2.1. Spark introduction 230 16.2.2. RDD presentation 230 16.2.3. RDD lifecycle 231 16.2.4. Operations on RDD 232 16.2.5. Exercises for environmental sciences 236 16.3. Spark machine learning library 237 16.3.1. Local vectors 237 16.3.2. Labeled points 237 16.3.3. Learning dataset 238 16.3.4. Classification and regression algorithms in Spark 238 16.3.5. Exercises for environmental sciences 239 16.4. Conclusion 242 Chapter 17. Database for Cloud Computing 245Peio LOUBIÈRE 17.1. Introduction 245 17.2. From myGlsrdbms to NoSQL 245 17.2.1. CAP theorem 246 17.2.2. From ACID to BASE 247 17.3. NoSQL database storage paradigms 248 17.3.1. Column-family oriented storage 249 17.3.2. Key/value-oriented storage 249 17.3.3. Document-oriented storage 250 17.3.4. Graph-oriented storage 251 17.4. SQL versus NoSQL, the war will not take place 251 17.5. Example: a dive into MongoDB 252 17.5.1. Presentation 253 17.5.2. First steps 254 17.5.3. Database level commands 254 17.5.4. Data types 255 17.5.5. Modifying data 255 17.6. Conclusion 273 17.7. References 273 Chapter 18. WRF Performance Analysis and Scalability on Multicore High Performance Computing Systems 275Didin Agustian PERMADI, Sebastiano Fabio SCHIFANO, Thi Kim Oanh NGUYEN, Nhat Ha Chi NGUYEN, Eleonora LUPPI and Luca TOMASSETTI 18.1. Introduction 276 18.2. The weather research and forecast model and experimental set-up 276 18.2.1. Model architecture 276 18.3. Architecture of multicore HPC system 282 18.4. Results 283 18.4.1. Results of experiment E1 283 18.4.2. Results of experiment E2 286 18.5. Conclusion 288 18.6. References 288 List of Authors 291 Index 293 Summaries of other volumes 295

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Book SynopsisThis book, presented in three volumes, examines �environmental� disciplines in relation to major players in contemporary science: Big Data, artificial intelligence and cloud computing. Today, there is a real sense of urgency regarding the evolution of computer technology, the ever-increasing volume of data, threats to our climate and the sustainable development of our planet. As such, we need to reduce technology just as much as we need to bridge the global socio-economic gap between the North and South; between universal free access to data (open data) and free software (open source). In this book, we pay particular attention to certain environmental subjects, in order to enrich our understanding of cloud computing. These subjects are: erosion; urban air pollution and atmospheric pollution in Southeast Asia; melting permafrost (causing the accelerated release of soil organic carbon in the atmosphere); alert systems of environmental hazards (such as forest fires, prospective modeling of socio-spatial practices and land use); and web fountains of geographical data. Finally, this book asks the question: in order to find a pattern in the data, how do we move from a traditional computing model-based world to pure mathematical research? After thorough examination of this topic, we conclude that this goal is both transdisciplinary and achievable.Table of ContentsPreface xi Chapter 1. Introduction to Environmental Management and Services 1Thi Kim Oanh NGUYEN, Quoc Tuan LE, Thongchai KANABKAEW, Sukhuma CHITAPORPAN and Truong Ngoc Han LE 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Environmental components 2 1.2.1. Lithosphere 3 1.2.2. Atmosphere 3 1.2.3. Hydrosphere 4 1.2.4. Biosphere 5 1.3. Environmental pollution 6 1.3.1. Air pollution 6 1.3.2. Water pollution 7 1.3.3. Soil pollution 8 1.3.4. Biological pollution 8 1.4. Environmental quality management 9 1.4.1. Air quality management: technical tools and data management 9 1.4.2. Water quality management 11 1.4.3. Biosphere reservation and management 12 1.5. Data services for the environment 14 1.6. References 15 Part. Environmental Case Studies 17 Chapter 2. Air Quality Monitoring with Focus on Wireless Sensor Application and Data Management 19Tan Loi HUYNH, Sathita FAKPRAPAI and Thi Kim Oanh NGUYEN 2.1. Introduction 20 2.2. Development of air pollution monitoring techniques 20 2.2.1. Conventional air pollution monitoring 21 2.2.2. Sensing technology for air monitoring 25 2.3. Wireless sensor network for air monitoring 28 2.3.1. Case studies of application of wireless sensors for air quality monitoring 29 2.3.2. AIT case study 1 30 2.3.3. AIT case study 2 32 2.3.4. Influencing factors of low-cost sensor performance in air pollution monitoring 35 2.4. Summary: toward application of cloud computing for air quality monitoring data management 36 2.5. References 36 Chapter 3. Emission Inventories for Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases with Emphasis on Data Management in the Cloud 41Thi Kim Oanh NGUYEN, Nguyen Huy LAI, Didin Agustian PERMADI, Nhat Ha Chi NGUYEN, Kok SOTHEA, Sukhuma CHITAPORPAN, Thongchai KANABKAEW, Jantira RATTANARAT and Surasak SICHUM 3.1. Introduction 42 3.2. Methodology for development of EI database 43 3.2.1. Framework of EI development 43 3.2.2. Calculation of EI 44 3.2.3. Sources of data 45 3.3. Case studies 52 3.3.1. Southeast Asia (SEA) 52 3.3.2. Vietnam inland domain 56 3.3.3. Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand 59 3.3.4. Forest fire emissions from Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 60 3.3.5. Phnom Penh (PNH), Cambodia 63 3.4. Summary and conclusion 65 3.5. References 65 Chapter 4. Atmospheric Modeling with Focus on Management of Input/Output Data and Potential of Cloud Computing Applications 73Thi Kim Oanh NGUYEN, Nhat Ha Chi NGUYEN, Nguyen Huy LAI and Didin Agustian PERMADI 4.1. Introduction 74 4.1.1. Atmospheric modeling 74 4.1.2. Roles of modeling in air quality management 75 4.1.3. Existing modeling systems 76 4.2. Model architecture of chemistry transport model 80 4.2.1. Conceptual framework and structure 80 4.2.2. Data flow and processing 83 4.3. Output data processing 85 4.3.1. Output data processing 85 4.3.2. Model performance evaluation 86 4.4. Potential applications of cloud computing in atmospheric modeling 87 4.4.1. Current status of cloud computing applications in atmospheric modeling 87 4.4.2. Potential applications of cloud computing in air quality modeling 88 4.5. Case studies of air pollution modeling in Southeast Asia 89 4.5.1. Modeling air quality in Vietnam 89 4.5.2. Modeling air quality in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region 93 4.5.3. Modeling air quality in the Southeast Asia domain 96 4.6. Summary and conclusion 99 4.7. References 100 Chapter 5. Particulate Matter Concentration Mapping from Satellite Imagery 103Thi Nhat Thanh NGUYEN, Viet Hung LUU, Van Ha PHAM, Quang Hung BUI and Thi Kim Oanh NGUYEN 5.1. Introduction 103 5.2. Relation of aerosol optical thickness, meteorological variables and particulate matter concentration 104 5.2.1. Data collection 105 5.2.2. Outlier detection 105 5.2.3. Data integration 105 5.2.4. Correlation analysis 106 5.2.5. Validation of satellite-derived AOD and ground-measured AOD 107 5.2.6. Relation of particulate matter concentration and meteorological variables 108 5.2.7. Relation of particulate matter concentration and satellite-derived AOD 111 5.3. PM2.5 mapping from moderate resolution satellite images 114 5.3.1. Data collection 114 5.3.2. Multiple variable regressions 115 5.3.3. Data interpolation 115 5.3.4. Evaluation metrics 116 5.3.5. Predictor variables and model selection 116 5.3.6. Interpolation model 117 5.3.7. Map validation results 118 5.4. PM10 mapping from high resolution satellite images 119 5.4.1. Dataset 119 5.4.2. Radiometric normalization 120 5.4.3. Relative Aerosol Optical Depth Extraction 121 5.4.4. Least square fitting 123 5.4.5. PM10 estimation from SPOT images 124 5.5. Conclusion 127 5.6. References 127 Chapter 6. Comparison and Assessment of Culturable Airborne Microorganism Levels and Related Environmental Factors in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 131Tri Quang Hung NGUYEN, Minh Ky NGUYEN and Ngoc Thu Huong HUYNH 6.1. Introduction 131 6.2. Materials and methods 132 6.2.1. Studying sites 132 6.2.2. Sampling 133 6.2.3. Identification of microorganisms 134 6.2.4. Statistical analysis 134 6.3. Results and discussions 135 6.3.1. Results of environmental factors in Ho Chi Minh City 135 6.3.2. Results of monitoring on culturable microorganism levels in ambient air 136 6.3.3. Comparison and assessment of environmental factor effects on culturable microorganism levels 139 6.3.4. Principal component analysis of microorganism groups 146 6.4. Conclusion 149 6.5. References 150 Chapter 7. Application of GIS and RS in Planning Environmental Protection Zones in Phu Loc District, Thua Thien Hue Province 155Quoc Tuan LE, Trinh Minh Anh NGUYEN, Huy Anh NGUYEN and Truong Ngoc Han LE 7.1. Introduction 155 7.2. Materials and research methods 157 7.2.1. Materials 157 7.3. Research methods 158 7.3.1. Research approach 158 7.3.2. Research methods 158 7.3.3. Results and discussion 160 7.3.4. Environmental protection planning map 161 7.4. Conclusion 164 7.5. References 164 Chapter 8. Forecasting the Water Quality and the Capacity of the Dong Nai River to Receive Wastewater up to 2020 165Quoc Tuan LE, Thi Kieu Diem NGO and Truong Ngoc Han LE 8.1. Introduction 165 8.2. Materials and methods 166 8.2.1. Assessing the water quality and partitioning the receiving zone 166 8.2.2. MIKE 11 modeling 167 8.3. Results and discussion 167 8.3.1. The water quality of the Dong Nai River 167 8.3.2. Waste sources to the Dong Nai River 168 8.3.3. Waste load to Dong Nai river 169 8.3.4. Forecasting load to the Dong Nai River in 2020 170 8.3.5. Water quality forecasting 172 8.3.6. Partition for water receiving of the Dong Nai River 173 8.4. Conclusion 173 8.5. Appendix 174 8.6. References 175 Chapter 9. Water Resource Management 177Imeshi WEERASINGHE 9.1. Introduction 177 9.1.1. The hydrological cycle 178 9.1.2. Hydrological models 179 9.2. Hydrological models for water resource management 179 9.2.1. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) 180 9.2.2. Geographical information systems (GIS) and the SWAT model 181 9.3. Setting up of a SWAT model for the Blue Nile basin 181 9.4. Scenario analysis using SWAT 184 9.4.1. Management scenarios 185 9.4.2. Land use scenarios 185 9.4.3. Climate change scenarios 185 9.5. Cloud computing and SWAT 186 9.6. References 186 Chapter 10. Assessing Impacts of Land Use Change and Climate Change on Water Resources in the La Vi Catchment, Binh Dinh Province 191Kim Loi NGUYEN, Le Tan Dat NGUYEN, Hoang Tu LE, Duy Liem NGUYEN, Ngoc Quynh Tram VO, Van Phan LE, Duy Nang NGUYEN, Thi Thanh Thuy NGUYEN, Gia Diep PHAM, Dang Nguyen Dong PHUONG, Thi Hong NGUYEN, Thong Nhat TRAN, Margaret SHANAFIELD and Okke BATELAAN 10.1. Introduction 191 10.1.1. Background of the study/related literature 192 10.1.2. Description of study area 195 10.1.3. Land use/land cover 197 10.2. Materials and methodology 198 10.2.1. Brief description of the SWAT model 198 10.2.2. Materials 200 10.2.3. Data collection 200 10.2.4. Methodology 203 10.3. Primary results 203 10.3.1. The automatic hydro-meteorology 203 10.3.2. Assessing water discharge in the La Vi catchment using the SWAT model 205 10.4. Conclusion 206 10.5. Acknowledgments 206 10.6. References 207 Conclusion and Future Prospects 211 List of Authors 215 Index 219 Summaries of other volumes 221Dominique LAFFLY and Yannick LE NIR

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Book SynopsisINTELLECTUAL TECHNOLOGIES SET Coordinated by Jean-Max Noyer and Maryse CarmesThe dynamics of production, circulation and dissemination of knowledge that are currently developing in the digital ecosystem testify to a profound change in capitalism. On the margins of the traditional duo of knowledge markets and exclusive property rights, the emerging notion of cultural commons is opening the door to new modes of production based on hybrid market arrangements and an inclusive understanding of property.This book studies the political economy of cultural commons in the digital ecosystem, outlining the contexts and areas of thought in which this concept has emerged and identifying the socio-economic, technical and political issues associated with it. It also analyzes the specific physical conditions that enable the implementation of the economy of cultural commons in a specific digital ecosystem, that of books, by studying the effects of digital libraries and self-publishing platforms.Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Part 1. The Intellectual Movement of the Cultural Commons 1 Introduction to Part 1 3 Chapter 1. The Pioneering Approach of Jurists from the Berkman Center for Internet and Society 7 1.1. A critique of the maximalist doctrine of intellectual property 7 1.1.1. The enclosure of the intangible commons of the mind 9 1.1.2. The threat of disappearance of free culture in cyberspace 12 1.2. The political economy of information commons 17 1.2.1. Shared ownership and individual freedom 18 1.2.2. A new mode of information production 22 1.3. The creative commons in the field of works of the mind 28 1.3.1. Incarnation of free culture practices 28 1.3.2. Institutionalization of free culture: Creative Commons licenses 31 1.3.3. The modalities of cohabitation with the commercial cultural economy 34 1.4. Propagation in the intellectual and militant sphere in France 42 1.4.1. The challenge of legalizing non-market sharing 43 1.4.2. The challenge of legal recognition of the information commons 49 1.5. Recent extensions of the BCIS approach 54 1.5.1. The digital public domain: the perimeter of cultural commons 55 1.5.2. Network infrastructure as a commons 60 1.5.3. Remuneration of volunteer contributors 63 Chapter 2. The Ostromian Approach to the Knowledge Commons 69 2.1. Ostrom’s original theory of the land commons 71 2.1.1. An institutional definition of the commons 71 2.1.2. A questioning of the “tragedy of the commons” 72 2.1.3. Communal property as a bundle of rights 75 2.1.4. An institutional approach to the self-organization of common resources 78 2.2. The knowledge commons: Hess and Ostrom’s approach 80 2.2.1. The singularity of information common pool resources (CPR) 80 2.2.2. Digital libraries as information CPRs 84 2.2.3. Institutional analysis and development framework (IAD) 87 2.3. Open access platforms as scientific commons? 90 2.3.1. Open access: a major transformation of the editorial ecosystem 91 2.3.2. Open access platforms: which bundles of user rights? 99 2.3.3. Enrichment and sustainability of the scientific commons 107 2.4. Cooperative platforms as social commons? 118 2.4.1. A rapprochement with the social and solidarity economy 118 2.4.2. Conditions for exploiting the social value created 122 2.4.3. Governance of cooperative platforms 126 2.4.4. Commoners’ remuneration: a right to contribute 133 Part 2. The Commons in the Digital Book Ecosystem 137 Introduction to Part 2 139 Chapter 3. Digital Libraries as Heritage Commons 141 3.1. A favorable context 142 3.1.1. A new documentary order 142 3.1.2. Cultural public data as a public good 144 3.2. The production methods of heritage commons 149 3.2.1. The Google challenge 149 3.2.2. Public/private partnerships: threat or opportunity? 152 3.2.3. On-demand digitization and citizen contribution 156 3.2.4. The heritage commons: a plasticity of forms 157 3.3. Governance issue: enriching our common heritage 161 3.3.1. The construction of a shared heritage infrastructure 161 3.3.2. Content editorialization and digital mediation 164 Chapter 4. The Written Commons in the Publishing Industry 169 4.1. The transformations of the editorial ecosystem 170 4.1.1. Digital textuality and new uses 170 4.1.2. The digital book immersed in an attention economy 172 4.1.3. The digital book and the growth of self-publishing 176 4.2. Wattpad: a common narrative of the misguided written word 178 4.2.1. The use of CC licenses: a hidden reality 179 4.2.2. A progressive attraction to the attention economy 180 4.2.3. Strengthened cohabitation with publishers: the announced end of free culture 182 4.3. Self-publishing and free culture: a multifaceted face 184 4.3.1. The Lulu platform: open source for the book market? 184 4.3.2. In Libro Veritas and Framabook: free book editions 187 Conclusion 193 References 199 Index 207

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Book SynopsisThe term "hyperdocumentation" is a hyperbole that seems to characterize a paradox. The leading discussions on this topic bring in diverse ideas such as that of data, the fantasy of Big Data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, algorithmic processing, the flow of information and the outstanding successes of disinformation.The purpose of this book is to show that the current context of documentation is just another step in human construction that has been ongoing for not centuries but millennia and which, since the end of the 19th century, has been accelerating. Coined by Paul Otlet in 1934 in his Traite de Documentation, "hyperdocumentation" refers to the concept of documentation that is constantly being expanded and extended in its functionalities and prerogatives.While, according to Otlet, everything could potentially be documented in this way, increasingly we find that it is our lives that are being hyperdocumented. Hyperdocumentation manifests as an increase not only in the quantity of information that is processed but also in its scope, as information is progressively integrated across areas that were previously poorly documented or even undocumented.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements ix Foreword xiMichael BUCKLAND Introduction xv Chapter 1 Hyperdocumentation According to Paul Otlet 1 1.1 The different levels of hyper in hyperdocumentation 3 1.1.1 Hyperdocumentation as an extension 4 1.1.2 Hyperdocumentation as accumulation 10 1.1.3 Hyperdocumentation as an increase in documentary forms 12 1.2 Hyperdocumentation as reduction 13 1.3 Hyperdocumentation as hypertext 16 1.4 Hyperdocumentation as a new world order 18 1.4.1 A hyperdocumentation between utopia and dystopia 21 1.4.2 Between classification and synthesis 23 1.5 The ultimate perspective of the documentation 25 Chapter 2 Hyperdocumentation as a Triumph of Documentality 29 2.1 A documentary theory of humanity 30 2.1.1 A philosophical theory of humanity 30 2.1.2 Homo documentator 31 2.2 Documentality or social ontology 32 2.3 Documentality and memory 35 2.4 Documentation and authority 37 2.5 A hyperdocumentary era 39 2.6 A document theory 41 Chapter 3 Hyperhuman or Hypermachine? 45 3.1 Desiring machines? 47 3.2 Typology of hyperdocumentary machines 50 3.3 Towards hyperdocumentality? 57 Chapter 4 Towards Hyperdocumentary Regimes 59 4.1 The documentary regime of Otlet’s time 60 4.2 Changes in documentary regimes 67 4.2.1 Between memory and knowledge carriers 68 4.2.2 Hypermediation 69 4.2.3 Probability regimes 71 4.2.4 Regimes of confession and conversion 72 4.2.5 Regimes of monumentality 74 4.3 Post-Otlet documentation regimes 78 Chapter 5 Between Knowledge Indexing and Existence Indexing 85 5.1 An index question 87 5.2 The two faces of indexing 90 5.3 The need for an indexing ethic 92 5.4 A long history of indexing 95 5.4.1 Tension among those involved in documentation 97 5.5 Between documentarity and monumentality 102 5.6 Which indexation regime? 104 5.7 Should we stop indexing? 105 Chapter 6 Personal Documentation: Between “The Self” and “Myself” 111 6.1 Renewal of personal documentary practices 115 6.2 Self-documentation 118 6.3 Self-demonstration or self-documentation 122 6.4 Documentary freedom under constraints 128 6.5 Hypodocumentation or the concept of sousveillance 132 Chapter 7 The Hyperdocumentalists of Our Lives 135 7.1 The hyperdocumentalists of self 138 7.2 From the found friend to the “caring” lover 141 7.3 Computing centers or archive centers 143 7.4 Post-mortem hyperdocumentation 147 7.5 Post-human hyperdocumentation? 149 Chapter 8 Documentation of All the Senses 155 8.1 Hyperdocumentation as documentation of all the senses 155 8.2 Beyond the senses? 158 8.3 Paranormal hyperdocumentation 162 8.3.1 The hyperdocumentation of the sixth sense 162 8.3.2 Charles Fort 167 8.4 Political meaning? 169 8.5 Indexation of desires 173 Chapter 9 Free (or Open?) Hyperdocumentation 177 9.1 Which hyperdocumentary forms are “open”? 178 9.2 Documentation as resistance 181 9.3 Hyperleaks? 184 9.4 Hyperdocumentary convergence: the OSINT 186 9.5 Utopia or dystopia? 188 Chapter 10 Conclusion: Is it Necessary to Go to San Junipero? 191 10.1 A continuous confrontation between ancient and modern? 192 10.2 Between documents and monuments: Promethean vertigo 194 10.3 Towards an ethical hyperdocumentation, the challenge of moderation 196 10.4 Preserving the links, nexialism against hyperseparatism 197 Postface – Beyond Otlet: Fragmented Encyclopedism 201Jean-Max NOYER References 235 Index 247

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Book SynopsisThe main topic of this book is the recent development of on-board advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), which we can already tell will eventually contribute to the autonomous and connected vehicles of tomorrow.With the development of automated mobility, it becomes necessary to design a series of modules which, from the data produced by on-board or remote information sources, will enable the construction of a completely automated driving system. These modules are perception, decision and action. State-of-the-art AI techniques and their potential applications in the field of autonomous vehicles are described.Perception systems, focusing on visual sensors, the decision module and the prototyping, testing and evaluation of ADAS systems are all presented for effective implementation on autonomous and connected vehicles.This book also addresses cooperative systems, such as pedestrian detection, as well as the legal issues in the use of autonomous vehicles in open environments.Table of ContentsForeword 1 xiThierry BAPIN Foreword 2 xiiiDominique GRUYER Foreword 3 xixAlberto BROGGI Preface xxiAbdelaziz BENSRHAIR Chapter 1. Artificial Intelligence for Vehicles 1Gérard YAHIAOUI 1.1. What is AI? 1 1.2. The main methods of AI 3 1.2.1. Deep Learning 3 1.2.2. Machine Learning 4 1.2.3. Clustering 5 1.2.4. Reinforcement learning 6 1.2.5. Case-based reasoning 8 1.2.6. Logical reasoning 8 1.2.7. Multi-agent systems 8 1.2.8. PAC learning 9 1.3. Modern AI challenges for the industry 9 1.3.1. Explainability: XAI (eXplainable Artificial Intelligence) 9 1.3.2. The design of so-called “hybrid” AI systems 10 1.4. What is an “intelligent” vehicle? 10 1.4.1. ADAS 11 1.4.2. The autonomous vehicle 14 1.4.2. The construction of the intelligent vehicle’s basic building blocks employing AI methods 18 1.5. References 21 Chapter 2. Conventional Vision or Not: A Selection of Low-level Algorithms 25Fabien BONARDI, Samia BOUCHAFA, Hicham HADJ-ABDELKADER and Désiré SIDIBÉ 2.1. Introduction 25 2.2. Vision sensors 26 2.2.1. Conventional cameras 27 2.2.2. Emerging sensors 30 2.3. Vision algorithms 33 2.3.1. Choosing the type of information to be retrieved from the images 34 2.3.2. Estimation of ego-movement and localization 39 2.3.3. Detection of the navigable space by a dense approach 44 2.3.4. From the detection of 3D plans to visual odometry 58 2.3.5. Detection of obstacles through the compensation of ego-movement 62 2.3.6. Visual odometry 66 2.4. Conclusion 71 2.5. References 72 Chapter 3. Automated Driving, a Question of Trajectory Planning 79Olivier ORFILA, Dominique GRUYER and Rémi SAINCT 3.1. Definition of planning 79 3.2. Trajectory planning: general characteristics 81 3.2.1. Variables 83 3.2.2. Constraints 83 3.2.3. Cost functions 83 3.2.4. Planning methodology 83 3.2.5. Co-pilot respecting legal traffic rules 88 3.2.6. Trajectory prediction for “ghost” objects and vehicles 92 3.2.7. Trajectory evaluation 100 3.2.8. Results on real vehicles and on simulators 101 3.3. Multi-objective trajectory planning 104 3.3.1. Linear scalarization 107 3.3.2. Nonlinear scalarization 114 3.3.3. Ideal methods 116 3.3.4. Summary of multi-objective planning methods 119 3.3.5. High level information 119 3.4. Conclusion on multi-agent planning for a fleet of vehicles: the future of planning 121 3.5. References 122 Chapter 4. From Virtual to Real, How to Prototype, Test, Evaluate and Validate ADAS for the Automated and Connected Vehicle? 125Dominique GRUYER, Serge LAVERDURE, Jean-Sébastien BERTHY, Philippe DESOUZA and Mokrane HADJ-BACHIR 4.1. Context and goals 125 4.2. Generic dynamic and distributed architecture 128 4.2.1. Introduction 128 4.2.2. An interoperable platform 129 4.3. Environment and climatic conditions 132 4.3.1. Introduction 132 4.3.2. Environmental modeling: lights, shadows, materials and textures 132 4.3.3. Degraded, adverse and climatic conditions 136 4.3.4. Visibility layers and ground truths 140 4.4. Modeling of perception sensors 143 4.4.1. Typology of sensor technologies 143 4.4.2. From a functional model to a physical model 145 4.4.3. Optical sensors 145 4.4.4. LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) 149 4.4.5. RAdio Detection And Ranging (RADAR) 151 4.4.6. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) 153 4.5. Connectivity and means of communication 157 4.5.1. State of the art 157 4.5.2. Statistical model of the propagation channel 158 4.5.3. Multi-platform physico-realistic model 159 4.6. Some relevant use cases 161 4.6.1. Graphic resources 161 4.6.2. Communication and overall risk 161 4.6.3. Automated parking maneuver 166 4.6.4. Co-pilot and automated driving 169 4.6.5. Eco-mobility and eco-responsible driving profile 171 4.7. Conclusion and perspectives 174 4.8. References 176 Chapter 5. Standards for Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) 181Thierry ERNST 5.1. Context and goals 182 5.1.1. Intelligent transport systems (ITS) 182 5.1.2. The connected and cooperative vehicle 184 5.1.3. Silos communication systems 185 5.1.4. Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) 186 5.1.5. Diversity of Cooperative ITS services 186 5.1.6. Standardization bodies 189 5.1.7. Genesis of the “Cooperative ITS” standards 190 5.2. “ITS station” architecture 192 5.2.1. General description 192 5.2.2. ITS station communication units 195 5.2.3. Types of ITS stations 195 5.3. Features of the ITS station architecture 197 5.3.1. Combination of communication technologies 197 5.3.2. Centralized communications 198 5.3.3. Localized communications (V2X) 198 5.3.4. Hybrid communications 200 5.3.5. Extensive communications 202 5.3.6. Communications management 203 5.3.7. Messaging 204 5.3.8. Data organization and identification 206 5.3.9. Secure communications and access to data 207 5.3.10. Evolution of standards 208 5.4. Features of the ITS station architecture 208 5.5. Deployment of Cooperative ITS services 209 5.6. References 213 Chapter 6. The Integration of Pedestrian Orientation for the Benefit of ADAS: A Moroccan Case Study 215Aouatif AMINE, Abdelaziz BENSRHAIR, Safaa DAFRALLAH and Stéphane MOUSSET 6.1. Introduction 215 6.2. Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) 218 6.3. Proposal for an applicable system to the Moroccan case 219 6.4. General conclusion 230 6.5. References 231 Chapter 7. Autonomous Vehicle: What Legal Issues? 233Axelle OFFROY 7.1. Introduction 233 7.2. The definition of the so-called “autonomous” vehicle 234 7.3. Legal framework and experiments 236 7.4. The notion of the “driver” 237 7.5. The notion of the “custodian” 238 7.6. What liability regime? 238 7.7. Self-driving vehicle insurance? 240 7.8. Personal data and the autonomous vehicle 242 7.9. The need for uniform regulation 245 List of Authors 247 Index 249

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Book SynopsisThe universe is considered an expansive informational field subjected to a general organizational law. The organization of the deployment results in the emergence of an autonomous organization of spatial and material elements endowed with permanence, which are generated on an informational substratum where an organizational law is exercised at all scales. The initial action of a generating informational element produces a quantity of basic informational elements that multiply to form other informational elements that will either be neutral, constituting the basic spatial elements, or active, forming quantum elements.The neutral basic elements will form the space by a continuous aggregation and will represent the substrate of the informational links, allowing the active informational elements to communicate, in order to aggregate and organize themselves.Every active element is immersed in an informational envelope, allowing it to continue its organization through constructive communications. The organizational law engages the active quantum elements to aggregate and produce new and more complex quantum elements, then molecular elements, massive elements, suns and planets. Gravity will then be the force of attraction exerted by the informational envelopes of the aggregates depending on their mass, to develop them by acquisition of new aggregates.The organizational communication of the informational envelopes of all of the physical material elements on Earth will enable the organization of living things, with reproduction managed by communications between the informational envelopes of the elements, realizing a continuous and powerful evolution.Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Part 1 Informational Generation of the Universe 1 Chapter 1 The Computable Model, Computer Science and Physical Concepts 3 1.1 The Turning model 3 1.2 Computer science 6 1.3 Formation of the Universe in physical sciences 10 Chapter 2 The Informational Components and the Organizational Law of the Formation of Space and the Elements of the Universe 15 2.1 Informational model of universe generation and organizational law 15 2.2 The notion of generating information in the Universe 23 2.3 The generative informational component and the informational energy of the substrate of the Universe 34 2.4 The formation process of the Universe from the informational components 46 Chapter 3 An Agent Model to Represent Informational Components 53 3.1 Informational and control agents representing the components 53 3.2 The generation of atoms and molecules in the informational agent model 60 3.3 The formation of a hydrogen atom agent with informational agents 61 3.4 Formation of a helium-type atomic agent 68 Chapter 4 The Generation of the First Molecules in the Agent Approach 73 4.1 The informational characteristics of the system forming the molecules 73 4.2 Formation of simple molecules of helium hydride and dihydrogen 75 Chapter 5 The Formation of Physical Elements in the Agent Approach 81 5.1 The notion of aggregate mass 82 5.2 The formation of stars and galaxies by the general action of the organizational law 85 5.3 The informational program for the design of the universal system 94 Part 2 Life Produced by the Organizational Law 101 Introduction to Part 2 103 Chapter 6 The Characteristics of Scientific Theories of Life 105 6.1 Evolution and selection: Charles Darwin’s theory of gradual evolution and the biochemical approach 105 6.2 The constitution of life, from DNA to developmental biology 110 6.3 Genes and their expression: an open problem 113 Chapter 7 The Informational Interpretation of the Living 119 7.1 Origin of the living and bifurcation of the organizational law 120 7.2 Evolutionary reproduction 133 7.3 Informational action of reproduction of life with morphological patterns 140 7.4 The application of the organizational law in the reproduction process 148 7.5 The continuous evolution of life 155 7.6 The human species in the organizational evolution of life 161 7.7 The informational envelope of the planet Earth today 171 Conclusion 175 References 177 Index 179

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Book SynopsisThis book is a guide to the combination of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Semantic Web, covering a variety of tools, technologies and applications that serve the myriad needs of the researchers in this field. It provides a multi dimensional view of the concepts, tools, techniques and issues that are involved in the development of semantics for the Web of Things.The various aspects studied in this book include Multi-Model Multi-Platform (SHM3P) databases for the IoT, clustering techniques for discovery services for the semantic IoT, dynamic security testing methods for the Semantic Web of Things, Semantic Web-enabled IoT integration for a smart city, IoT security issues, the role of the Semantic Web of Things in Industry 4.0, the integration of the Semantic Web and the IoT for e-health, smart healthcare systems to monitor patients, Semantic Web-based ontologies for the water domain, science fiction and searching for a job.Table of ContentsPreface xiShikha MEHTA, Sanju TIWARI, Patrick SIARRY and M.A JABBAR Chapter 1 The Role of Semantic Hybrid Multi-Model Multi-Platform (SHM3P) Databases for IoT 1Sven GROPPE, Jinghua GROPPE and Tobias GROTH 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Databases for multi-model data 5 1.3 Platforms 7 1.4 Variations of SHM3P DBMS 13 1.5 What are the benefits of SHM3P databases for IoT? 14 1.5.1 Data storage and placement 14 1.5.2 Data processing 15 1.5.3 IoT applications 15 1.6 Summary and conclusions 16 1.7 References 16 Chapter 2 A Systematic Review of Ontologies for the Water Domain 21Sanju TIWARI and Raúl GARCÍA-CASTRO 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Literature review 23 2.2.1 Features in the water domain 23 2.2.2 Semantic models in the water domain 24 2.2.3 A comprehensive review of ontologies in the water domain 24 2.3 Applications of ontologies in the water domain 32 2.4 Discussion and conclusion 35 2.5 References 36 Chapter 3 Semantic Web Approach for Smart Health to Enhance Patient Monitoring in Resuscitation 41Fatima Zahra AMARA, Mounir HEMAM, Meriem DJEZZAR and Moufida MAIMOUR 3.1 Introduction 42 3.2 Background 43 3.2.1 Semantic Web 43 3.2.2 SSN (Semantic Sensor Network) ontology 44 3.3 IoT Smart Health applications and semantics 45 3.4 Proposed approach and implementation 46 3.4.1 Knowledge representation 47 3.4.2 Ontology evaluation 51 3.4.3 Reasoning and querying 51 3.4.4 Linked Data 55 3.5 Conclusion 56 3.6 References 57 Chapter 4 Role of Clustering in Discovery Services for the Semantic Internet of Things 61Shachi SHARMA 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 Discovery services in IoT 64 4.2.1 Directory-based architectures 64 4.2.2 Directory-less architectures 66 4.3 Semantic-based architectures 67 4.3.1 Search engine-based 67 4.3.2 ONS DNS-based 68 4.4 Discovery services and clustering 68 4.5 Clustering methods in IoT 69 4.6 Conclusion 71 4.7 References 71 Chapter 5 Dynamic Security Testing Techniques for the Semantic Web of Things: Market and Industry Perspective 75Dhananjay SINGH CHAUHAN, Gaurav CHOUDHARY, Shishir Kumar SHANDILYA and Vikas SIHAG 5.1 Introduction 75 5.2 Related studies 77 5.3 Background of dynamic security testing techniques 79 5.3.1 Black Box testing techniques 80 5.4 DAST using static analysis 82 5.4.1 Current implementation 82 5.5 DAST using user session 84 5.5.1 Current implementation 84 5.6 DAST using Extended Tainted Mode Model 86 5.6.1 Current implementation 87 5.7 Current issues and research directions 88 5.8 Conclusion 89 5.9 References 89 Chapter 6 SciFiOnto: Modeling, Visualization and Evaluation of Science Fiction Ontologies Based on Indian Contextualization with Automatic Knowledge Acquisition 93Gerard DEEPAK, Ayush A KUMAR and Sheeba J PRIYADARSHINI 6.1 Introduction 94 6.2 Literature survey 97 6.2.1 Formulation and modeling of ontologies for varied domains of importance 97 6.2.2 Auxiliary automatic and semi-automatic models in ontology synthesis 97 6.2.3 Ontology-driven systems and applications 98 6.2.4 Automatic Knowledge Acquisition systems 99 6.2.5 Science fiction as an independent domain of existence 99 6.3 Modeling and evaluation of the ontology 100 6.3.1 Ontology modeling 100 6.3.2 Ontology visualization 104 6.3.3 Ontology evaluation 107 6.4 Automatic Knowledge Acquisition model 111 6.4.1 System architecture 111 6.4.2 Acquisition algorithm 113 6.5 Conclusion 119 6.6 References 119 Chapter 7 Semantic Web-Enabled IoT Integration for a Smart City 123Ronak PANCHAL and Fernando ORTIZ-RODRIGUEZ 7.1 Introduction: Semantic Web and sensors 123 7.2 Motivation and challenge 124 7.3 Literature review 124 7.4 Implementation of forest planting using SPARQL queries 125 7.4.1 Architecture sketch with conceptual diagram 125 7.4.2 Implementation ontology from the dataset 126 7.4.3 Technologies and tools 129 7.5 Conclusion 136 7.6 References 136 Chapter 8 Heart Rate Monitoring Using IoT and AI 139Kalpana MURUGAN, Cherukuri NIKHIL KUMAR, Donthu Sai SUBASH and Sangam DEVA KISHORE REDDY 8.1 Introduction 140 8.2 Literature survey 142 8.3 Heart rate monitoring system 145 8.4 Results and discussion 149 8.5 Conclusion and future works 152 8.6 References 152 Chapter 9 IoT Security Issues and Its Defensive Methods 155Keshavi NALLA and Seshu VARDHAN POTHABATHULA 9.1 Introduction 155 9.2 IoT security architecture 158 9.2.1 Typical IoT architecture 158 9.2.2 Centralized and distributed approaches over the IoT security architecture 161 9.2.3 IoT security architecture based on blockchain 163 9.2.4 Internet of Things security architecture: trust zones and boundaries 164 9.2.5 Threat modeling in IoT security architecture 168 9.3 Specific security challenges and approaches 170 9.3.1 Identity and authentication 170 9.3.2 Access control 171 9.3.3 Protocol and network security 172 9.3.4 Privacy 172 9.3.5 Trust and governance 173 9.3.6 Fault tolerance 173 9.4 Methodologies used for securing the systems 174 9.4.1 PKI and digital certificates 174 9.4.2 Network security 174 9.4.3 API security 174 9.4.4 Network access control 175 9.4.5 Segmentation 175 9.4.6 Security gateways 175 9.4.7 Patch management and software updates 175 9.5 Conclusion 176 9.6 References 176 Chapter 10 Elucidating the Semantic Web of Things for Making the Industry 4.0 Revolution a Success 179Deepika CHAUDHARY and Jaiteg SINGH 10.1 Introduction 179 10.2 Correlation of the Semantic Web of Things with IR4.0 180 10.2.1 Smart machines 181 10.2.2 Smart products 182 10.2.3 Augmented operators 182 10.2.4 The Web of Things 183 10.2.5 Semantic Web of Things 184 10.3 Smart manufacturing system and ontologies 185 10.3.1 Vertical level integration 185 10.3.2 Horizontal level of integration 185 10.3.3 End-to-end integration 185 10.4 Literature survey 188 10.5 Conclusion and future work 190 10.6 References 190 Chapter 11 Semantic Web and Internet of Things in e-Health for Covid-19 195ANURAG and Naren JEEVA 11.1 Introduction 196 11.2 Dataset 197 11.3 Application of IoT for Covid-19 198 11.3.1 Continuous real-time remote monitoring 198 11.3.2 Remote monitoring using W-kit 198 11.3.3 Early identification and monitoring 198 11.3.4 Continuous and reliable health monitoring 198 11.3.5 ANN-assisted patient monitoring 199 11.3.6 City lockdown monitoring 199 11.3.7 Technologies for tracking and tracing 199 11.3.8 Tracking and tracing suspected cases 199 11.3.9 Anonymity preserving contact tracing model 200 11.3.10 Cognitive radio-based IoT architecture 200 11.3.11 Analyzing reasons for the outbreak 200 11.3.12 Analyzing Covid-19 cases using disruptive technology 200 11.3.13 Post-Covid applications 201 11.4 Semantic Web applications for Covid-19 201 11.4.1 Ontological approach for drug development 202 11.4.2 Early detection and diagnosis 202 11.4.3 Knowledge-based pre-diagnosis system 202 11.4.4 Semantic-based searching for online learning resources 203 11.4.5 Ontology-based physiological monitoring of students 203 11.4.6 Analysis of clinical trials 203 11.4.7 Data annotation of EHRs 204 11.4.8 Disease pattern study 204 11.4.9 Surveillance in primary care 204 11.4.10 Performance assessment of healthcare services 205 11.4.11 Vaccination drives and rollout strategies 205 11.5 Limitations and challenges of IoT and SW models 205 11.6 Discussion 206 11.7 Conclusion 206 11.8 References 207 Chapter 12 Development of a Semantic Web Enabled Job_Search Ontology System 211Hina J CHOKSHI, Dhaval VYAS and Ronak PANCHAL 12.1 Introduction 211 12.1.1 Ontology 212 12.1.2 Importance of ontology 213 12.1.3 Semantic Web and its solutions 214 12.1.4 Online recruitment scenarios 214 12.2 Review of the related work done for online recruitment 215 12.3 Design of “SearchAJob” ontology for the IT domain 217 12.3.1 Ontology structure 218 12.4 Implementing the proposed ontology 222 12.4.1 Architecture of semantics-based job ontology 223 12.5 Benefits of Semantic Web enabled SearchAJob system 231 12.6 Conclusion and future scope 232 12.7 References 233 List of Authors 237 Index 241

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Book Synopsis"Digital age", "digital society", "digital civilization": many expressions are used to describe the major cultural transformation of our contemporary societies. Digital Dictionary presents the multiple facets of this phenomenon, which was born of computers and continues to permeate all human activity as it progresses at a rapid pace. In this multidisciplinary work, experts, academics and practitioners invite us to discover the digital world from various technological and societal perspectives. In this book, citizens, trainers, political leaders or association members, students and users will find a base of knowledge that will allow them to update their understanding and become stakeholders in current societal changes.Table of ContentsIntroduction xiMarie CAULI, Laurence FAVIER and Jean-Yves JEANNAS A 1 Accessibility 1Nathalie Pinède Agricultural Robotics 4Philippe Le Guern Anthropology 10Marie Cauli Art and Robotics 14Philippe Le Guern Artificial Intelligence 18Jean-Michel Loubes B 23 Between Digital Transformation and Cultural Evolution 23Ilham Mekrami-Guggenheim Blockchain 25Jean-Paul Delahaye Brain-Computer Interfaces 28Frédéric Dehais and Fabien Lotte C 33 Coding 33Nicolas Pettiaux Communication 35Serge Tisseron Community 37Edwige Pierot Computer 40Laurent Bloch Computer Science 42Jean-Pierre Archambault Computer Security 47Gérard Berry Contributory Economy 50François Elie Contributory Governance 55Michel Briand Course Guidance 58Francis Danvers Critical Thinking (Education for) 61Marie Cauli Crowdsourcing 65Laurence Favier D 69 Data Economy 69Bruno Deffains Data, Information, Knowledge 73Serge Abiteboul Digital Commons 76Sébastien Shulz Digital Humanities 79Joana Casenave Digital Inclusion 83Vincent Meyer Digital Skills Repositories 87Jean-Yves Jeannas Digital Sovereignty 90François Pellegrini Digital Transition 94Vincent Meyer Disability 98Nathalie Pinède Diversity 101Samia Ghozlane E 105 Eco-digital Responsibility 105Jean-Yves Jeannas and Marie Cauli Educational Digital Technology 109Valèse Mapto Kengne Electronic Voting 113Chantal Enguehard Empathy 118Serge Tisseron Ethics 121Gilles Dowek F 125 File Formats 125Jean-Yves Jeannas Formal Language 128Gilles Dowek Free and Open Source Software 132Jean-Yves Jeannas Free Licenses 135Jean-Yves Jeannas Free Software (in French National Education) 139Jean-Pierre Archambault H 145 Habitele 145Dominique Boullier Hacking 148Éric Zufferey Health Data 151Marie Cauli Human-system 155Julien Cegarra and Jordan Navarro I 161 Indexing 161Ismaïl Timimi Information Ethics 164Widad Mustafa El Hadi Innovation 170Serge Miranda and Manel Guechtouli Interoperability 174Fabrice Papy Intimacy/extimacy 176Serge Tisseron IT (in General Education) 179Jacques Baudé IT (Teaching of) 183Jean-Pierre Archambault J 187 Jim Gray's Paradigm 187Serge Miranda and Manel Guechtouli K 191 Knowledge Organization 191Widad Mustafa El Hadi L 197 Law (Professions of -) 197Christophe Mondou Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems 201Thierry Berthier and Gérard de Boisboissel Library 206Laure Delrue and Julien Roche M 211 Medical Imaging 211Marie Cauli and Jean-Pierre Pruvo Medicine, Health 216Marie Cauli and Jean-Pierre Pruvo mHealth 220Bruno Boidin Military Robotics 224Thierry Berthier and Gérard de Boisboissel Mobiquity 229Serge Miranda and Manel Guechtouli MOOCs 231Serge Miranda and Manel Guechtouli Museums 234Corinne Baujard O 239 Open Science (Dissemination) 239Julien Roche Open Science (Origins) 243Julien Roche P 247 Predictive Justice 247Bruno Deffains Processors 251Laurent Bloch Proprietary Licenses 255Juliette Sénéchal R 261 Rob'Autisme 261Sophie Sakka Rob'Éduc 264Sophie Sakka Robotics and Society 267Sophie Sakka Routing 269Laurent Bloch S 275 Science Fiction 275Guy Thuillier Seniors (the Internet) 279Aline Chevalier and Mylène Sanchiz Smart City 283Ornella Zaza Social Contract 287Bruno Deffains Social Network 291Zhenfei Feng Sociotics 293Vincent Meyer Source Code 297Roberto Di Cosmo Surveillance Capitalism 300Christophe Masutti Surveillance Studies 303Christophe Masutti T 309 Training 309Samia Ghozlane W 313 Web 2.0 313Zhenfei Feng Work 316Sarah Abdelnour and Dominique Méda Glossary 321 List of Authors 329 Index 333

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Book SynopsisIn cyberspace, data flows transit massively and freely on a planetary scale. The generalization of encryption, made necessary by the need to protect these exchanges, has resulted in states and their intelligence services forgoing listening and interception missions. The latter have had to find ways to break or circumvent this protection. This book analyzes the evolution of the means of communication and interception, as well as their implementation since the advent of the telegraph in the 19th century. It presents this sensitive subject from a technical, historical and political perspective, and answers several questions: who are the actors of interception? Who has produced the recent technologies? How are the markets for interception means organized? Are the means of protecting communications infallible? Or what forms of power do interceptions confer?Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Chapter 1 History and Repertoire of Communication Interception Practices 1 1.1 Military interceptions during the war 7 1.1.1 The interception of telegraphic communications 7 1.1.2 The interception of radio communications 13 1.1.3 Telephone interception 16 1.1.4 The use of SIGINT capabilities 18 1.1.5 Wartime interceptions in cyberspace 21 1.1.6 Drones and interceptions 23 1.2 The interception of international communications: espionage, surveillance, war 23 1.2.1 The interception of telegrams 23 1.2.2 Espionage during the Cold War: satellite, radio, telephone interceptions 24 1.2.3 The interception of international communications: the Echelon program 25 1.2.4 Bulk cyber surveillance 27 1.2.5 Foreign companies in national telecommunication infrastructures 28 1.2.6 Actions over undersea Internet cables 29 1.2.7 Interceptions in planes and airports 30 1.2.8 International interceptions as a product of secret alliances 30 1.3 Interception of diplomatic correspondence 31 1.4 Political surveillance: targeted and bulk interceptions 33 1.4.1 Interception of correspondence 33 1.4.2 Bulk domestic surveillance in East Germany 36 1.4.3 Cyber surveillance in Russia: the SORM system 36 1.4.4 Fixed and mobile telephone tapping 37 1.4.5 The interception of electronic communications in the political sphere 40 1.5 Criminal interceptions 42 1.6 Police, justice: the fight against crime, lawful interceptions 44 1.7 On the usefulness and effectiveness of interceptions 45 Chapter 2 The Central Issue of Encryption 55 2.1 The capabilities required for interceptions 55 2.1.1 Material, technological capabilities 56 2.1.2 Human resources 79 2.2 Protecting yourself against the threat of interceptions: encryption 87 2.2.1 The public key revolution 88 2.2.2 Advances in factorization 89 2.2.3 Shor’s quantum algorithm 91 2.2.4 The evolution of computing capabilities 93 2.2.5 The evolution of etching precision 94 2.3 Attacking encrypted communications, circumventing the hurdle of encryption 94 2.3.1 Interceptions on encrypted messaging 95 2.3.2 The attacks against keys and PKIs 104 2.3.3 The use of backdoors 108 Chapter 3 Power Struggles 131 3.1 State pressure on the industry: cooperation or coercion logics? 131 3.2 The accounts of whistleblowers and their analyses of the balance of power between the state, the citizen and companies 136 3.2.1 The account of Herbert O Yardley 136 3.2.2 The account of Perry Fellwock (also known as Winslow Peck) 137 3.2.3 The account of Mark Klein 138 3.2.4 The account of James Bamford 142 3.2.5 The account of Babak Pasdar 145 3.2.6 The account of Joseph Nacchio 146 3.2.7 The account of Edward Snowden 146 3.2.8 The account of Julian Assange 148 3.3 Limits imposed on the state’s power to control technology 149 3.3.1 The difficult and fragile international regulation of technologies 149 3.3.2 Illicit markets and the circumvention of laws 154 3.4 Trust 162 3.4.1 How much confidence in encryption? 163 3.4.2 The acceleration of calculations as a factor of confidence 164 3.4.3 Abandoning secret methods 165 3.4.4 Provable security 167 3.4.5 The worlds of Impagliazzo 169 3.4.6 The contribution of quantum computing 172 3.5 Conclusion 173 3.5.1 Technologies 173 3.5.2 Actors 174 3.5.3 Interactions or relationships 175 Appendices 179 References 201 Index 217

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Book SynopsisIn order to study living organisms, scientists not only study them at an overall macroscopic scale but also on a more detailed microscopic scale. This observation, pushed to its limits, consists of investigating the very center of each cell, where we find the molecules that determine the way it functions: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). In an organism, DNA carries the genetic information, which is called the genome. It is represented as four-letter sequences using the letters A, C, G and T; based on these sequences, computer methods described in this book can answer fundamental questions in bioinformatics. This book explores how to quickly find sequences of a few hundred nucleotides within a genome that may be made up of several billion, how to compare those sequences and how to reconstruct the complete sequence of a genome. It also discusses the problems of identifying bacteria in a given environment and predicting the structure of RNA based on its sequence.Table of ContentsPreface xi Author Biographies xvii Chapter 1 Methodological Concepts: Algorithmic Solutions of Bioinformatics Problems 1 Annie CHATEAU and Tom DAVOT-GRANGÉ 1.1 Data, Models, Problem Formalism in Bioinformatics 1 1.1.1 Data 1 1.1.2 Genome Modeling 4 1.1.3 Problems in Bioinformatics 5 1.2 Mathematical Preliminaries 6 1.2.1 Propositional Logic Preliminaries 6 1.2.2 Preliminaries on Sets 7 1.3 Vocabulary in Text Algorithmics 9 1.4 Graph Theory 10 1.4.1 Subgraphs 12 1.4.2 Path in a Graph 13 1.4.3 Matching 13 1.4.4 Planarity 14 1.4.5 Tree Decomposition 15 1.5 Algorithmic Problems 16 1.5.1 Definition 16 1.5.2 Graph Problem 17 1.5.3 Satisfiability Problems 19 1.6 Problem Solutions 20 1.6.1 Algorithm 20 1.6.2 Complexity 21 1.6.3 Runtime 24 1.7 Complexity Classes 26 1.7.1 Generality 26 1.7.2 Exact Algorithms 28 1.7.3 Approximation Algorithms 32 1.7.4 Solvers 34 1.8 Some Algorithmic Techniques 35 1.8.1 Dynamic Programming 35 1.8.2 Tree Traversal 38 1.9 Validation 41 1.9.1 The Different Types of Errors 42 1.9.2 Quality Measures 44 1.9.3 And in the Non-Binary Case? 46 1.10 Conclusion 47 1.11 References 47 Chapter 2 Sequence Indexing 49 Thierry LECROQ and Mikaël SALSON 2.1 Introduction 49 2.1.1 What is Indexing? 50 2.1.2 When to Index? 51 2.1.3 What to Index? 51 2.1.4 Indexing Structures and Queries Considered 52 2.1.5 Basic Notions and Vocabulary 53 2.2 Word Indexing 54 2.2.1 Bloom Filters 54 2.2.2 Inverted List 56 2.2.3 De Bruijn Graphs 60 2.2.4 Efficient Structures for Targeted Queries 61 2.3 Full-Text Indexing 62 2.3.1 Suffix Tree 62 2.3.2 (Extended) Suffix Array 64 2.3.3 Burrows–Wheeler Transform 67 2.4 Indexing Choice Criteria 76 2.4.1 Based on the Type of the Necessary Query 77 2.4.2 Based on the Space-Time and Data Quantity Trade-Off 77 2.4.3 Based on the Need to Add or Modify Indexed Data 79 2.4.4 Indexing Choices According to Applications 80 2.5 Conclusion and Perspectives 81 2.5.1 Efficient Methods for Indexing a Few Genomes or Sequencing Sets 81 2.5.2 Methods that Struggle to Take Advantage of Data Redundancy 82 2.6 References 83 Chapter 3 Sequence Alignment 87 Laurent NOÉ 3.1 Introduction 87 3.1.1 What is Pairwise Alignment? 87 3.1.2 How to Evaluate an Alignment? 88 3.2 Exact Alignment 90 3.2.1 Representation in Edit Graph Form 90 3.2.2 Global Alignment and Needleman–Wunsch Algorithm 93 3.2.3 Local Alignment and Smith–Waterman Algorithm 94 3.2.4 Alignment with Affine Indel Function and the Gotoh Algorithm 96 3.3 Heuristic Alignment 98 3.3.1 Seeds 99 3.3.2 Min-Hash and Global Sampling 105 3.3.3 Minimizing and Local Sampling 106 3.4 References 109 Chapter 4 Genome Assembly 113 Dominique LAVENIER 4.1 Introduction 113 4.2 Sequencing Technologies 116 4.2.1 Short Reads 117 4.2.2 Long Reads 118 4.2.3 Linked Reads 118 4.2.4 Hi-C Reads 119 4.2.5 Optical Mapping 119 4.3 Assembly Strategies 120 4.3.1 The Main Steps 120 4.3.2 Cleaning and Correction of Reads 121 4.3.3 Scaffold Construction 122 4.3.4 Scaffold Ordering 123 4.4 Scaffold Construction Methods 124 4.4.1 Greedy Assembly 124 4.4.2 OLC Assembly 126 4.4.3 DBG Assembly 127 4.4.4 Constrained Assembly 130 4.5 Scaffold-Ordering Methods 132 4.5.1 Hi-C Data-Based Methods 132 4.5.2 Optical Mapping-Based Methods 137 4.6 Assembly Validation 139 4.6.1 Metrics 140 4.6.2 Read Realignment 140 4.6.3 Gene Prediction 141 4.6.4 Competitions 141 4.7 Conclusion 142 4.8 References 143 Chapter 5 Metagenomics and Metatranscriptomics 147 Cervin GUYOMAR and Claire LEMAITRE 5.1 What is Metagenomics? 147 5.1.1 Motivations and Historical Context 147 5.1.2 The Metagenomics Data 148 5.1.3 Bioinformatics Challenges for Metagenomics 151 5.2 “Who Are They”: Taxonomic Characterization of Microbial Communities 153 5.2.1 Methods for Targeted Metagenomics 154 5.2.2 Whole-Genome Methods with Reference 155 5.2.3 Reference-Free Methods 160 5.3 “What Are They Able To Do?”: Functional Metagenomics 166 5.3.1 Gene Prediction and Annotation 166 5.3.2 Metatranscriptomics 167 5.3.3 Reconstruction of Metabolic Networks 168 5.4 Comparative Metagenomics 169 5.4.1 Comparative Metagenomics with Diversity Estimation 170 5.4.2 De Novo Comparative Metagenomics 170 5.5 Conclusion 175 5.6 References 176 Chapter 6 RNA Folding 185 Yann PONTY And Vladimir REINHARZ 6.1 Introduction 185 6.1.1 RNA Folding 186 6.1.2 Secondary Structure 189 6.2 Optimization for Structure Prediction 192 6.2.1 Computing the Minimum Free-Energy (MFE) Structure 192 6.2.2 Listing (Sub)optimal Structures 198 6.2.3 Comparative Prediction: Simultaneous Alignment/Folding of RNAs 203 6.2.4 Joint Alignment/Folding Model 204 6.3 Analyzing the Boltzmann Ensemble 210 6.3.1 Computing the Partition Function 210 6.3.2 Statistical Sampling 215 6.3.3 Boltzmann Probability of Structural Patterns 220 6.4 Studying RNA Structure in Practice 225 6.4.1 The Turner Model 225 6.4.2 Tools 228 6.5 References 228 Conclusion 233 List of Authors 237 Index 239

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Book SynopsisIndustrial cyber-physical systems operate simultaneously in the physical and digital worlds of business and are now a cornerstone of the fourth industrial revolution. Increasingly, these systems are becoming the way forward for academics and industrialists alike. The very essence of these systems, however, is often misunderstood or misinterpreted. This book thus sheds light on the problem areas surrounding cyber-physical systems and provides the reader with the key principles for understanding and illustrating them.Presented using a pedagogical approach, with numerous examples of applications, this book is the culmination of more than ten years of study by the Intelligent Manufacturing and Services Systems (IMS2) French research group, part of the MACS (Modeling, Analysis and Control of Dynamic Systems) research group at the CNRS. It is intended both for engineers who are interested in emerging industrial developments and for master’s level students wishing to learn about the industrial systems of the future.Table of ContentsForeword xiiiAndré THOMAS Introduction xviiOlivier CARDIN, William DERIGENT and Damien TRENTESAUX Part 1 Conceptualizing Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 1 Chapter 1 General Concepts 3Olivier CARDIN and Damien TRENTESAUX 1.1 Industry at the heart of society 3 1.2 Industrial world in search of a new model 4 1.3 Cyber-physical systems 6 1.4 From cyber-physical systems to industrial cyber-physical systems 8 1.5 Perspectives on the study of industrial cyber-physical systems 11 1.6 References 15 Chapter 2 Moving Towards a Sustainable Model: Societal, Economic and Environmental 17Patrick MARTIN, Maroua NOUIRI and Ali SIADAT 2.1 Industry of the future and sustainable development 17 2.2 Contribution of ICPS to the social dimension 18 2.2.1 Background 18 2.2.2 Cognitive aspects 21 2.2.3 Health and safety aspects at work 22 2.3 Contribution of ICPS to the environmental dimension 28 2.3.1 Objectives and expectations 28 2.3.2 Example of application 29 2.4 Contribution of ICPS to the economic dimension 30 2.5 Conclusion 32 2.6 References 32 Part 2 Sensing and Distributing Information Within Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 37 Chapter 3 Information Flow in Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 39Thierry BERGER and Yves SALLEZ 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 Information and decision loops when using an ICPS 39 3.3 Decision-making processes within the loops of an ICPS 41 3.3.1 Nature of decision-making processes 41 3.3.2 Nature of information 42 3.3.3 Approach to studying the informational loops of the cyber part of an ICPS 43 3.4 Elements for the implementation of loops 45 3.4.1 Generic architecture 45 3.4.2 Link to decision-making processes and the nature of the information 48 3.5 Illustrative examples 48 3.5.1 Example from rail transport 49 3.5.2 Example from the manufacturing sector 50 3.6 Conclusion 52 3.7 References 52 Chapter 4 The Intelligent Product Concept 55William DERIGENT 4.1 The intelligent product, a leading-edge concept in industrial cyber-physical systems 55 4.2 Definitions of the intelligent product concept 56 4.3 Developments in the concept of intelligent products 59 4.3.1 Group 1: product-driven systems (PDS) 61 4.3.2 Group 2: product lifecycle information management (PLIM) 63 4.4 Conclusions and perspectives on the intelligent product 66 4.5 References 67 Part 3 Digitalizing at the Service of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 71 Chapter 5 Virtualizing Resources, Products and the Information System 73Theodor BORANGIU, Silviu RĂILEANU and Octavian MORARIU 5.1 Virtualization – the technology for industrial cyber-physical systems 73 5.2 Virtualization in the industrial environment 74 5.3 Shop floor virtualization of resource and product workloads 78 5.3.1 Resource and product virtualization through shop floor profiles 78 5.3.2 Virtualization of collaborative product and resource workloads 83 5.4 MES virtualization in the cloud (vMES) 89 5.5 Perspectives offered by virtualization to industry of the future 94 5.6 References 95 Chapter 6 Cybersecurity of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 97Antoine GALLAIS and Youcef IMINE 6.1 What are the risks involved? 98 6.1.1 Unavailability of systems 98 6.1.2 Loss of confidentiality or integrity 101 6.1.3 Bypassing access and authentication controls 104 6.2 What means of protection? 105 6.2.1 Ensuring availability 105 6.2.2 Ensuring confidentiality 107 6.2.3 Implementing authentication mechanisms 108 6.2.4 Controlling access, permissions and logging 109 6.3 Conclusion 112 6.4 References 114 Part 4 Controlling Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 117 Chapter 7 Industrial Agents: From the Holonic Paradigm to Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 119Paulo LEITÃO, Stamatis KARNOUSKOS and Armando Walter COLOMBO 7.1 Overview of multi-agent systems and holonics 120 7.1.1 Multi-agent systems 120 7.1.2 Holonic paradigm 122 7.2 Industrial agents 124 7.2.1 Definition and characteristics 124 7.2.2 Interfacing with physical assets 126 7.3 Industrial agents for realizing industrial cyber-physical systems 127 7.3.1 Supporting the development of intelligent products, machines and systems within cyber-physical systems 127 7.3.2 Implementing an industrial multi-agent system as ICPS 129 7.4 Discussion and future directions 130 7.5 References 131 Chapter 8 Holonic Control Architectures 135Olivier CARDIN, William DERIGENT and Damien TRENTESAUX 8.1 Introduction 135 8.2 HCA fundamentals 136 8.3 HCAs in the physical part of ICPS 137 8.4 Dynamic architectures, towards a reconfiguration of the physical part from the cyber part of ICPS 140 8.5 HCAs and Big Data 143 8.6 HCAs and digital twin: towards the digitization of architectures 144 8.7 References 145 Part 5 Learning and Interacting with Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 149 Chapter 9 Big Data Analytics and Machine Learning for Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 151Yasamin ESLAMI, Mario LEZOCHE and Philippe THOMAS 9.1 Introduction 151 9.2 Data massification in industrial cyber-physical systems 153 9.3 Big Data and multi-relational data mining (MRDM) 154 9.3.1 Formal concept analysis (FCA) 154 9.3.2 Relational concept analysis (RCA) 157 9.4 Machine learning 160 9.4.1 Basics of machine learning 160 9.4.2 Multilayer perceptron (MLP) 160 9.5 Illustrative example 165 9.6 Conclusion 167 9.7 References 167 Chapter 10 Human–Industrial Cyber-Physical System Integration: Design and Evaluation Methods 171Marie-Pierre PACAUX-LEMOINE and Frank FLEMISCH 10.1 Introduction 171 10.2 Design methods 175 10.3 Method of integrating HICPS 176 10.3.1 Descending phase 177 10.3.2 Ascending phase 180 10.4 Summary and conclusion 185 10.5 References 186 Part 6 Transforming Industries with Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 189 Chapter 11 Impact of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems on Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems 191Catherine DA CUNHA and Nathalie KLEMENT 11.1 Context 191 11.1.1 Developments 192 11.1.2 Issues 193 11.1.3 Resources 193 11.2 Reconfiguration 194 11.2.1 Implementation and decision levels 194 11.2.2 Information systems 195 11.2.3 Adaptation in the context of CPPS/RMS 196 11.2.4 Where and when to reconfigure? 197 11.3 Modeling 197 11.3.1 Data collection 198 11.3.2 Simulation platforms 199 11.4 Ergonomics/cognitive aspects 200 11.5 Operation of the information system 201 11.5.1 Operational level: procurement 201 11.5.2 Responding to disruptions 202 11.5.3 Decision support 203 11.6 Illustrative example 203 11.7 References 205 Chapter 12 Impact of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems on Global and Interconnected Logistics 207Shenle PAN, Mariam LAFKIHI and Eric BALLOT 12.1 Logistics and its challenges 207 12.2 Contemporary logistics systems and organizations 208 12.2.1 Intra-site logistics 209 12.2.2 Intra-urban logistics 210 12.2.3 Inter-site inter-city logistics 211 12.3 The Physical Internet as a modern and promising logistics organization 212 12.3.1 Concept and definition 212 12.3.2 Topologies of networks of networks 213 12.4 Perspectives of ICPS applications in interconnected logistics: the example of the Physical Internet 215 12.4.1 Modeling the Physical Internet by ICPS: the example of routing 216 12.4.2 Exploiting ICPS: the data-driven approach and the digital twin-driven approach 219 12.5 Conclusion 221 12.6 References 222 Chapter 13 Impact of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems on Transportation 225John MBULI and Damien TRENTESAUX 13.1 Introduction 225 13.1.1 Pull forces 226 13.1.2 Complexity factors of the transportation sector 227 13.1.3 Push forces 228 13.2 The impact of ICPS on transportation 229 13.3 Rail transportation service: an illustrative example 231 13.3.1 The physical space of SUPERFLO 233 13.3.2 The human fleet supervisor 235 13.3.3 The cyber space of SUPERFLO 236 13.3.4 Evaluation of the proposed model and industrial expectations 236 13.4 Concluding remarks 238 13.5 Acknowledgments 239 13.6 References 239 Chapter 14 Impacts of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems on the Building Trades 243William DERIGENT and Laurent JOBLOT 14.1 General introduction 243 14.2 The place of BIM in Construction 4.0 245 14.3 Examples of transformations in the construction sector 247 14.3.1 Control: real-time site management 248 14.3.2 Learning and interacting: virtual reality and machine learning 249 14.3.3 Capturing and distributing: use of wireless technologies (RFID and WSN) 251 14.3.4 Digitalizing: digitalizing technologies for BIM 252 14.4 Example of ICPS in construction 254 14.5 Achieving the digital transformation of businesses 255 14.6 References 257 Chapter 15 Impact of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems on the Health System 261Franck FONTANILI and Maria DI MASCOLO 15.1 Introduction 261 15.1.1 The health system and its specificities 261 15.1.2 The digital evolution of healthcare production and health 263 15.2 HCPS in the literature 263 15.2.1 HCPS for medical monitoring 266 15.2.2 HCPS for well-being and prevention 266 15.2.3 HCPS for organizational monitoring of patient pathways 267 15.2.4 Sensors for monitoring patients and resources 268 15.3 The contribution of a digital twin in an HCPS 270 15.3.1 General principle of digital twins in health 270 15.3.2 A proposal for an HCPS based on a digital twin of patient pathways in the hospital 271 15.4 Conclusion 274 15.5 References 275 Part 7 Envisioning the Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems of the Future 279 Chapter 16 Ethics and Responsibility of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems 281Sylvie JONAS and Françoise LAMNABHI-LAGARRIGUE 16.1 Introduction 281 16.2 Ethics and ICPS 283 16.2.1 Data management and protection 284 16.2.2 Control in the design of algorithms 285 16.3 Liability and ICPS 288 16.3.1 Existing liability regimes applied to ICPS 289 16.3.2 Proposals for changes in liability regimes 291 16.4 References 294 Chapter 17 Teaching and Learning ICPS: Lessons Learned and Best Practices 297Bilal AHMAD, Freeha AZMAT, Armando Walter COLOMBO and Gerrit JAN VELTINK 17.1 Introduction 297 17.2 University of Warwick – Bachelor-level curriculum 299 17.2.1 ICPS education: Fusion of computer science and engineering 300 17.2.2 Key enabling technologies in the ICPS curriculum 301 17.2.3 Pedagogical principles: teaching ICPS modules 301 17.3 University of Applied Sciences Emden/Leer – master’s-level curriculum 302 17.3.1 ICPS education: fusion of computer science, electrical and mechatronics engineering 303 17.3.2 Key enabling technologies in the ICPS curriculum 305 17.3.3 Pedagogical principles: teaching ICPS modules 307 17.4 Conclusion 308 17.5 References 309 Conclusion 313William DERIGENT, Olivier CARDIN and Damien TRENTESAUX List of Authors 317 Index 321

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Book SynopsisSymmetric cryptology is one of the two main branches of cryptology. Its applications are essential and vital in the Information Age, due to the efficiency of its constructions. The scope of this book in two volumes is two-fold. First, it presents the most important ideas that have been used in the design of symmetric primitives, their inner components and their most relevant constructions. Second, it describes and provides insights on the most popular cryptanalysis and proof techniques for analyzing the security of the above algorithms. A selected number of future directions, such as post-quantum security or design of ciphers for modern needs and particular applications, are also discussed. We believe that the two volumes of this work will be of interest to researchers, to master’s and PhD students studying or working in the field of cryptography, as well as to all professionals working in the field of cybersecurity.Table of ContentsPreface xiChristina BOURA and María NAYA-PLASENCIA Part 1 Design of Symmetric-key Algorithms 1 Chapter 1 Introduction to Design in Symmetric Cryptography 3Joan DAEMEN 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Cryptographic building blocks 3 1.2.1 The block cipher and its variants 4 1.3 Differentially uniform functions 5 1.4 Arbitrary-length schemes 5 1.4.1 Modes and constructions 6 1.4.2 Dedicated schemes 7 1.4.3 Modes and constructions versus primitives 7 1.5 Iterated (tweakable) block ciphers and permutations 8 1.5.1 Cryptanalysis and safety margin 8 1.5.2 Designing the round function of primitives 9 1.6 A short history 10 1.6.1 The data encryption standard 10 1.6.2 The block cipher FEAL 11 1.6.3 Differential and linear cryptanalysis 11 1.6.4 The block cipher IDEA 12 1.6.5 The advanced encryption standard 12 1.6.6 Cache attacks 13 1.6.7 KECCAK 14 1.6.8 Lightweight cryptography 15 1.7 Acknowledgments 15 1.8 References 15 Chapter 2 The Design of Stream Ciphers 21Chaoyun LI and Bart PRENEEL 2.1 Introduction 21 2.1.1 What is a synchronous additive stream cipher? 21 2.1.2 Generic construction 23 2.1.3 Generic attacks 24 2.1.4 Open competitions 25 2.1.5 Standards 26 2.2 Constructions based on FSRs 27 2.2.1 LFSR-based constructions 27 2.2.2 NFSR-based constructions 28 2.3 Table-based constructions 29 2.4 Block ciphers and permutations in stream cipher mode 29 2.4.1 Block cipher modes OFB and CTR 30 2.4.2 Permutations in stream cipher mode 30 2.5 Authenticated encryption (AE) 31 2.5.1 Block ciphers and permutations in stream cipher modes 32 2.6 Emerging low-complexity stream ciphers 33 2.7 References 34 Chapter 3 Block Ciphers 39Orr DUNKELMAN 3.1 General purpose block ciphers 41 3.1.1 Feistel block ciphers 42 3.1.2 Substitution permutation networks 43 3.2 Key schedule algorithms 44 3.3 Generic attacks 46 3.4 Tweakable block ciphers 48 3.5 Some positive results concerning security 49 3.6 The case of algebraic ciphers 51 3.7 References 53 Chapter 4 Hash Functions 55Gilles VAN ASSCHE 4.1 Definitions and requirements 55 4.1.1 An ideal model: the random oracle 57 4.1.2 Expressing security claims 58 4.2 Design of hash functions 60 4.2.1 The Merkle-Damgård construction 60 4.2.2 Fixing the Merkle-Damgård construction 61 4.2.3 Building a compression function 62 4.2.4 Indifferentiability 64 4.2.5 The sponge construction 65 4.2.6 KECCAK, SHA-3 and beyond 67 4.3 Tree hashing 68 4.4 References 69 Chapter 5 Modes of Operation 73Gaëtan LEURENT 5.1 Encryption schemes 73 5.1.1 Cipher block chaining 74 5.1.2 Counter mode 75 5.2 Message authentication codes 75 5.2.1 CBC-MAC 76 5.2.2 PMAC 77 5.2.3 Hash-based MACs 77 5.2.4 Wegman-Carter MACs and GMAC 78 5.3 Security of modes: generic attacks 78 5.3.1 The birthday bound 79 5.3.2 Generic attack against iterated MACs 79 5.3.3 Generic attack against Wegman-Carter MACs 80 5.3.4 Generic attack against CBC 80 5.3.5 Generic attack against CTR 80 5.3.6 Small block sizes 81 5.3.7 Misuse 81 5.3.8 Limitations of encryption 82 5.4 References 83 Chapter 6 Authenticated Encryption Schemes 87Maria EICHLSEDER 6.1 Introduction 87 6.2 Security notions 88 6.3 Design strategies for authenticated encryption 89 6.3.1 Generic composition 91 6.3.2 Dedicated primitive-based designs 92 6.3.3 Fully dedicated designs 94 6.3.4 Standards and competitions 95 6.4 References 96 Chapter 7 MDS Matrices 99Gaëtan LEURENT 7.1 Definition 99 7.1.1 Differential and linear properties 100 7.1.2 Near-MDS matrices 101 7.2 Constructions 101 7.3 Implementation cost 102 7.3.1 Optimizing the implementation of a matrix 103 7.3.2 Implementation of the inverse matrix 104 7.4 Construction of lightweight MDS matrices 104 7.4.1 Choice of the field or ring 105 7.4.2 MDS matrices with the lowest XOR count 105 7.4.3 Iterative MDS matrices 106 7.4.4 Involutory MDS matrices 107 7.5 References 108 Chapter 8 S-boxes 111Christina BOURA 8.1 Important design criteria 113 8.1.1 Differential properties 113 8.1.2 Linear properties 115 8.1.3 Algebraic properties 116 8.1.4 Other properties 117 8.2 Popular S-boxes for different dimensions 117 8.2.1 S-boxes with an odd number of variables 118 8.2.2 4-bit S-boxes 118 8.2.3 8-bit S-boxes 119 8.3 Further reading 119 8.4 References 119 Chapter 9 Rationale, Backdoors and Trust 123Léo PERRIN 9.1 Lifecycle of a cryptographic primitive 124 9.1.1 Design phase 124 9.1.2 Public cryptanalysis 125 9.1.3 Deployment? 125 9.1.4 The limits of this process 126 9.2 When a selection process fails 126 9.2.1 Under-engineered algorithms 127 9.2.2 Primitives with hidden properties 128 9.3 Can we trust modern algorithms? 131 9.3.1 Standardization and normalization 131 9.3.2 Some rules of thumb 132 9.4 References 133 Part 2 Security Proofs for Symmetric-key Algorithms 135 Chapter 10 Modeling Security 137Bart MENNINK 10.1 Different types of adversary models 137 10.2 When is an attack considered successful? 138 10.3 Random oracle 138 10.4 Distinguishing advantage 139 10.5 Understanding the distinguishing advantage 141 10.5.1 Adversarial complexity 141 10.5.2 Claiming security 142 10.5.3 Breaking claims 143 10.6 Adaptation to block ciphers 143 10.6.1 Distinguishing advantage 144 10.6.2 Security of AES 145 10.7 Acknowledgments 146 10.8 References 146 Chapter 11 Encryption and Security of Counter Mode 147Bart MENNINK 11.1 Block encryption 147 11.1.1 Padding 148 11.1.2 Cipher block chaining 149 11.2 Stream encryption 150 11.2.1 Output feedback mode 151 11.2.2 Counter mode 152 11.3 Provable security of modes: the case of counter mode 153 11.4 Acknowledgments 156 11.5 References 156 Chapter 12 Message Authentication and Authenticated Encryption 159Tetsu IWATA 12.1 Message authentication 159 12.1.1 WCS construction 160 12.1.2 Provable security 161 12.2 Authenticated encryption 164 12.2.1 GCM, Galois/counter mode 164 12.2.2 Provable security 166 12.3 References 169 Chapter 13 H-coefficients Technique 171Yannick SEURIN 13.1 The H-Coefficients technique 171 13.2 A worked out example: the three-round Feistel construction 176 13.3 The Even-Mansour construction 178 13.3.1 H-coefficients security proof 179 13.3.2 Extension to multiple rounds 181 13.4 References 182 Chapter 14 Chi-square Method 183Mridul NANDI 14.1 Introduction 183 14.2 Preliminaries 185 14.2.1 PRF-security definition 185 14.2.2 Hypergeometric distribution 186 14.3 Truncation of random permutation 187 14.3.1 PRF-security of truncation 188 14.4 XOR of random permutations 190 14.5 Other applications of the chi-squared method 192 14.6 Acknowledgments 193 14.7 References 193 Part 3 Appendices 195 Appendix 1 Data Encryption Standard (DES) 197Christina BOURA Appendix 2 Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 205Christina BOURA and Orr DUNKELMAN Appendix 3 PRESENT 217Christina BOURA Appendix 4 KECCAK 223Christina BOURA List of Authors 231 Index 233 Summary of Volume 2 239

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Book SynopsisSymmetric cryptology is one of the two main branches of cryptology. Its applications are essential and vital in the Information Age, due to the efficiency of its constructions. The scope of this book in two volumes is two-fold. First, it presents the most important ideas that have been used in the design of symmetric primitives, their inner components and their most relevant constructions. Second, it describes and provides insights on the most popular cryptanalysis and proof techniques for analyzing the security of the above algorithms. A selected number of future directions, such as post-quantum security or design of ciphers for modern needs and particular applications, are also discussed. We believe that the two volumes of this work will be of interest to researchers, to master’s and PhD students studying or working in the field of cryptography, as well as to all professionals working in the field of cybersecurity.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Christina Boura and María Naya-Plasencia Part 1 Cryptanalysis of Symmetric-key Algorithms 1 Chapter 1 Differential Cryptanalysis 3 Henri Gilbert and Jérémy Jean 1.1. Statistical attacks on block ciphers: preliminaries 4 1.2. Principle of differential cryptanalysis and application to DES 7 1.2.1. Differential transitions and differential characteristics 7 1.2.2. Derivation of non-trivial differential characteristics 10 1.2.3. Leveraging characteristics to mount a key-recovery attack 14 1.3. Some refinements and generalizations 18 1.3.1. Differential effect 18 1.3.2. Truncated differentials 19 1.4. Design strategies and evaluation 20 1.4.1 Case of the AES 21 1.4.2. Automated analysis 23 1.5. Further notes and references 23 1.6. References 26 Chapter 2 Linear Cryptanalysis 29 Kaisa Nyberg and Antonio Flórez-Gutiérrez 2.1. History 29 2.2. Correlation and linear hull 30 2.3. Multidimensional linear approximation 31 2.4. Walsh-Hadamard transform 32 2.5. Linear approximation of an iterative block cipher 32 2.6. Matsui’s Algorithm 1 type of key recovery 33 2.7. Matsui’s Algorithm 2 type of key recovery 34 2.8. Searching for linear approximations and estimating correlations 35 2.9. Speeding up key recovery 36 2.10. Key-recovery distinguisher 38 2.11. Classical model of Algorithm 2 39 2.12. Algorithm 2 with distinct known plaintext and randomized key 40 2.13. Multiple linear approximations 40 2.14. Multidimensional linear cryptanalysis 42 2.15. References 43 Chapter 3 Impossible Differential Cryptanalysis 47 Christina Boura and María Naya-Plasencia 3.1. Finding impossible differentials 48 3.2. Key recovery 49 3.2.1. Data, time and memory complexities 50 3.3. Some improvements 52 3.3.1. Early abort technique 52 3.3.2. Multiple impossible differentials or multiple extension paths 53 3.4. Applications 54 3.5. References 54 Chapter 4 Zero-Correlation Cryptanalysis 57 Vincent Rijmen 4.1. Correlation and linear cryptanalysis 57 4.1.1. Correlation matrix 57 4.1.2. Linear trails and linear hulls 58 4.1.3. Approximations of linear functions 59 4.1.4. Computing the correlations over a permutation 60 4.2. Attacks using a linear hull with correlation zero 60 4.2.1. Correlation zero in random permutations 61 4.2.2. Distinguisher 61 4.2.3. Reducing the data complexity 62 4.3. Linear hulls with correlation zero 62 4.3.1. Feistel ciphers 63 4.3.2. AES 64 4.3.3 Extended result on AES 64 4.4. References 64 Chapter 5 Differential-Linear Cryptanalysis 67 Yosuke Todo 5.1. Brief introduction of differential-linear attacks 67 5.2. How to estimate correlations of a differential-linear distinguisher 69 5.3. On the key recovery 71 5.4. State of the art for differential-linear attacks 72 5.4.1. Differential-linear connecting table 72 5.4.2. Three techniques to improve differential-linear attacks 73 5.5. References 76 Chapter 6 Boomerang Cryptanalysis 77 Ling Song 6.1. Basic boomerang attack 77 6.2. Variants and refinements 79 6.3. Tricks and failures 80 6.4. Formalize the dependency 83 6.5. References 86 Chapter 7 Meet-in-the-Middle Cryptanalysis 89 Brice Minaud 7.1. Introduction 89 7.2. Basic meet-in-the-middle framework 90 7.2.1. The 2DES attack 90 7.2.2. Algorithmic framework 91 7.2.3. Complexity analysis and memory usage 92 7.3. Meet-in-the-middle techniques 94 7.3.1. Filtering 94 7.3.2. Splice-and-cut 96 7.3.3. Bicliques 97 7.4. Automatic tools 98 7.5. References 98 Chapter 8 Meet-in-the-Middle Demirci-Selçuk Cryptanalysis 101 Patrick Derbez 8.1. Original Demirci-Selçuk attack 101 8.2. Improvements 103 8.2.1. Data/time/memory trade-off 104 8.2.2. Difference instead of value 104 8.2.3. Multiset 105 8.2.4. Linear combinations 105 8.2.5. Differential enumeration technique 106 8.3. Finding the best attacks 108 8.3.1. Tools 108 8.3.2. Results 109 8.4. References 109 Chapter 9 Invariant Cryptanalysis 111 Christof Beierle 9.1. Introduction 111 9.2. Invariants for permutations and block ciphers 112 9.2.1. Invariant subspaces 113 9.2.2. Quadratic invariants 117 9.3. On design criteria to prevent attacks based on invariants 117 9.4. A link to linear approximations 119 9.5. References 121 Chapter 10 Higher Order Differentials, Integral Attacks and Variants 123 Anne Canteaut 10.1. Integrals and higher order derivatives 123 10.2. Algebraic degree of an iterated function 126 10.3. Division property 128 10.4. Attacks based on integrals 130 10.4.1. Distinguishers 130 10.4.2. Attacks 130 10.5. References 131 Chapter 11 Cube Attacks and Distinguishers 133 Itai Dinur 11.1. Cube attacks and cube testers 133 11.1.1. Terminology 134 11.1.2. Main observation 135 11.1.3. The basic cube attack 136 11.1.4. The preprocessing phase on cube attacks 137 11.1.5. Cube testers 138 11.1.6. Applications 139 11.2. Conditional differential attacks and dynamic cube attacks 140 11.2.1. Conditional differential attacks 140 11.2.2. Dynamic cube attacks 140 11.2.3. A toy example 140 11.3. References 141 Chapter 12 Correlation Attacks on Stream Ciphers 143 Thomas Johansson 12.1. Correlation attacks on the nonlinear combination generator 144 12.2. Correlation attacks and decoding linear codes 145 12.3. Fast correlation attacks 146 12.3.1. Fast correlation attacks and low weight feedback polynomials 147 12.3.2. Finding low weight multiples of the feedback polynomial 148 12.3.3. Fast correlation attacks by reducing the code dimension 150 12.4. Generalizing fast correlation attacks 151 12.4.1. The E0 stream cipher 151 12.4.2. The A5/1 stream cipher 152 12.5. References 153 Chapter 13 Addition, Rotation, XOR 155 Léo Perrin 13.1. What is ARX? 155 13.1.1. Structure of an ARX-based primitive 156 13.1.2. Development of ARX 156 13.2. Understanding modular addition 157 13.2.1. Expressing modular addition in Fn2 158 13.2.2. Cryptographic properties of modular addition 158 13.3. Analyzing ARX-based primitives 160 13.3.1. Searching for differential and linear trails 160 13.3.2. Proving security against differential and linear attacks 161 13.3.3. Other cryptanalysis techniques 162 13.4. References 163 Chapter 14 SHA-3 Contest Related Cryptanalysis 167 Yu S Asaki 14.1. Chapter overview 167 14.2. Differences between attacks against keyed and keyless primitives 168 14.3. Rebound attack 169 14.3.1. Basic strategy of the rebound attack 169 14.3.2. Rebound attack against AES-like structures 171 14.4. Improving rebound attacks with Super-Sbox 173 14.5. References for further reading about rebound attacks 175 14.6. Brief introduction of other cryptanalysis 176 14.6.1. Internal differential cryptanalysis 176 14.6.2. Rotational cryptanalysis 177 14.7. References 177 Chapter 15 Cryptanalysis of SHA-1 181 Marc Stevens 15.1. Design of SHA-1 181 15.2. SHA-1 compression function 182 15.3. Differential analysis 184 15.4. Near-collision attacks 184 15.5. Near-collision search 185 15.6. Message expansion differences 186 15.7. Differential trail 187 15.8. Local collisions 187 15.9. Disturbance vector 188 15.10. Disturbance vector selection 189 15.11. Differential trail construction 190 15.12. Message modification techniques 190 15.13. Overview of published collision attacks 191 15.14. References 192 Part 2 Future Directions 195 Chapter 16 Lightweight Cryptography 197 Meltem Sönmez Turan 16.1. Lightweight cryptography standardization efforts 197 16.2. Desired features 198 16.3. Design approaches in lightweight cryptography 200 16.4. References 202 Chapter 17 Post-Quantum Symmetric Cryptography 203 María Naya-Plasencia 17.1. Different considered models 204 17.1.1. With respect to the queries 204 17.1.2. With respect to memory 205 17.2. On Simon’s and Q2 attacks 206 17.2.1. Off-line Simon’s attack 207 17.3. Quantizing classical attacks in Q 1 207 17.3.1. About collisions 207 17.4. On the design of quantum-safe primitives 208 17.5. Perspectives and conclusion 209 17.5.1. About losing the quantum and classical surname 209 17.5.2. No panic 209 17.6. References 209 Chapter 18 New Fields in Symmetric Cryptography 215 Léo Perrin 18.1. Arithmetization-oriented symmetric primitives (ZK proof systems) 216 18.1.1. The current understanding of this new language 217 18.1.2. The first attempts 218 18.1.3. Cryptanalysis 219 18.2. Symmetric ciphers for hybrid homomorphic encryption 220 18.2.1. The current understanding of this new language 221 18.2.2. First design strategies 221 18.3. Parting thoughts 223 18.4. References 223 Chapter 19 Deck-function-based Cryptography 227 Joan Daemen 19.1. Block-cipher centric cryptography 227 19.2. Permutation-based cryptography 227 19.3. The problem of the random permutation security model 228 19.4. Deck functions 228 19.5. Modes of deck functions and instances 229 19.6. References 230 List of Authors 231 Index 233 Summary of Volume 1 239

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Book SynopsisThis book argues that the Internet revolution should exert a far more significant influence on economic thinking and on the perception of law. The authors acknowledge that the economic analysis of law provides a potentially powerful framework for evaluating regulatory approaches to the Internet. However, they question the capacity of traditional law and economics models to define the scope of legal intervention, both in cyberspace and in other more traditional markets which have also been influenced by the recent technological revolution.The book examines the conventional application of law and economics, and contends that the new reality of cyberspace transforms the basic theoretical tenets of this approach and requires fresh conceptual thinking. It challenges fundamental concepts such as the notion of work as linked to the workplace, the notion of community as linked to geographical space, the sources of law and their traditional connection with the state, the belief that proxies and representatives are indispensable for collective action and public decision-making processes, and the role of technology and its relationship with the law. It covers the analysis of both economic and non-economic markets, and includes a thorough examination of legislation, case law and the academic literature relating to cyberspace. The authors conclude that there is pressing need for re-evaluating the analytical tools used to study the information environment, and propose an innovative approach for the role of technology within the law and economics framework.This book represents a groundbreaking attempt to critically analyze the suitability of traditional law and economics for the new digital environment. Scholars and students working in the field of law and economics, and lawyers interested in technology, intellectual property, cyberlaw and governance will find this a stimulating and thought-provoking volume.Trade Review'[This book] provides an excellent overview for anyone interested in this topic. Complex concepts are defined with great precision, and discussed with enlightening clarity. The arguments are well-built. The style is inviting.' -- Boris Rotenberg, World Trade Review'This book is not only the best kind of law and economics, but it is the best kind of cyberspace law and economics. By framing the economic analysis around market failures, the authors demonstrate both the power and limits of economic analysis. And by applying this method to questions about the regulation of cyberspace, they provide the most illuminating analysis of this new space of social behavior. Beautifully and directly written, this book is a must for any student of law and economics, and for any student of the 21st century.' -- Lawrence Lessig, Stanford Law School, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface Part I: Setting the Grounds 1. Introduction 2. Cyberspace in Context Part II: Cyberspace as a Market and its Failures 3. Introduction to Part Two 4. Monopolies 5. Public Goods 6. Imperfect Information 7. Externalities 8. Transaction Costs and the Law in Cyberspace Part III: Cyberspace and the Economic Theory of the State 8. Preliminary Thoughts About Neo-Institutional Law and Economics and Cyberspace 9. The Effects of Cyberspace of the Economic Theory of the State References Index

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Book SynopsisFast track route to mastering all aspects of e-marketing Covers all the key techniques for successful e-marketing, fromaffiliation marketing to e-mail alerts, and from viral marketing tobanner ads Examples and lessons from some of the world's most successfulbusinesses, including Hotmail, Pepsi and Honda, and ideas from thesmartest thinkers, including Christopher Locke and Seth Godin Includes a glossary of key concepts and a comprehensive resourcesguide ExpressExec is a unique business resource of one hundred books.These books present the best current thinking and span the entirerange of contemporary business practice. Each book gives you thekey concepts behind the subject and the techniques to implement theideas effectively, together with lessons from benchmark companiesand ideas from the world's smartest thinkers. ExpressExec is organised into ten core subject areas making iteasy to find the information you need: 01 Innovation 02 Enterprise 03 Strategy 04 Marketing 05 Finance 06 Operations and Technology 07 Organizations 08 Leading 09 People 10 Life and Work ExpressExec is a perfect learning solution for people who need tomaster the latest business thinking and practice quickly.Table of ContentsIntroduction to E-Marketing What is E-Marketing? The Evolution of E-Marketing The E-Dimension The Global Dimension The State of the Art E-Marketing in Practice: Success Stories Key Concepts and Thinkers Resources Ten Steps to making E-Marketing Work

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Book SynopsisThis book identifies and discusses critical issues of ICT innovation at both the macroeconomic and organisational levels, bringing together two hitherto independent fields of study: economics and information systems. The book takes stock of these two fields, highlighting their complementarity in contemporary issues such as business competitiveness and e-commerce, organisational change and industrial restructuring, information systems implementation and technology infrastructure building. The contributions cover a broad range of issues, from analysing policy approaches for fostering ICT innovation at a regional level, to examining the way in which ICT-based information systems and organisational practice are simultaneously shaped.The book elaborates an understanding of innovation as shaped largely in context, rather than 'diffused' from the place of its conception into the place of its implementation. The theoretical perspectives offered by the authors include institutional economics, evolutionary economics, social constructivism, and structuration theory. Collectively, the chapters of this book present ICT innovation as a dynamic process involving multiple actors in multiple locations, codified and tacit knowledge, and instrumental and situated behaviour.This pathbreaking book will be of enormous interest to students, researchers and academics specialising in economics, information systems and ICT innovation, as well as policy and management consultants involved in information systems and development.Table of ContentsContents: Preface Introduction Part I: Infrastructures, Awareness Building and Development of Capabilities 1. The Evolution of the Information Society and Regional Development in Europe 2. Development and Telecommunications Access: Cases from South Asia 3. The Computer Sciences Academic Community and the Diffusion of Internet in Brazil 4. IT Diffusion for Public Service Delivery: Looking for Plausible Theoretical Approaches Part II: ICT Adoption 5. ICT Adoption in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Lessons from Case Studies 6. Understanding the Adoption of E-Commerce 7. Institutional and Resource-based Perspectives of IT and Organizational Change: Cases from the Nigerian Banking Industry Part III: Innovation in the Organizational Setting of ICT Use 8. New Socio-technical Perspectives of IS Innovation in Organizations 9. Information Systems and New Technologies: Taking Shape in Use 10. Perspectives on ICT Innovation and Organizational Context Conclusions Index

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Book SynopsisThis important book addresses how long term and large scale shifts from one socio-technical system to another come about, using insights from evolutionary economics, sociology of technology and innovation studies. These major changes involve not just technological changes, but also changes in markets, regulation, culture, industrial networks and infrastructure. The book develops a multi-level perspective, arguing that transitions take place through the alignment of multiple processes at three levels: niche, regime and landscape. This perspective is illustrated by detailed historical case studies: the transition from sailing ships to steamships, the transition from horse-and-carriage to automobiles and the transition from propeller-piston engine aircraft to turbojets. This book will be of great interest to researchers in innovation studies, evolutionary economics, sociology of technology and environmental studies. It will also be useful for policy makers involved in long-term sustainability and systems transitions issues.Trade Review'The book provides a useful interdisciplinary overview of the range of existing theoretical approaches that a scholar might wish to apply to studies of technological transitions and system innovation. In adopting a novel sociotechnical and coevolutionary approach it represents a significant advance in understanding the factors that influence how such transitions come about and identifying important underlying patterns and mechanisms.' -- Andrew Williams, Journal of Industrial Ecology'This major effort at understanding technological transitions from the inside, not only permits a richer understanding of those complex processes in the past, but also provides a powerful set of analytic tools to guide action towards the future. It will be useful for academics, technologists and enlightened policymakers as well as for interested laypersons.' -- Carlota Perez, CERF, Cambridge University and SPRU, University of Sussex, UK'Sociotechnical transformations have been seen as too complex to grasp, but Frank Geels shows, using a judicious combination of history, sociology and economics of technological change, that it is possible to understand the dynamics and identify specific types of transformation.' -- Arie Rip, University of Twente, The Netherlands'Frank Geels's book gives us a new perspective on how society moves from one technological regime to another. Understanding these transitions is essential if we are to get to grips with what we need to do to switch our societies to more sustainable states and how technologies figure in that switch.' -- Ken Green, Institute of Innovation Research, The University of Manchester, UKTable of ContentsContents: Foreword by Johan Schot Preface 1. Introduction 2. Building Blocks from the Literature 3. Conceptual Perspective on System Innovations and Technological Transitions 4. The Transition from Sailing Ships to Steamships in British Oceanic Transport (1780–1890) 5. The Transition from Horse-drawn Carriages to Automobiles in American Urban Passenger Transportation (1860–1930) 6. The Transition from Piston Engine Aircraft to Jetliners in American Aviation (1930–1975) 7. Conclusions and Discussion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisCombinatorial optimization is a multidisciplinary scientific area, lying in the interface of three major scientific domains: mathematics, theoretical computer science and management. The three volumes of the Combinatorial Optimization series aim to cover a wide range of topics in this area. These topics also deal with fundamental notions and approaches as with several classical applications of combinatorial optimization. Concepts of Combinatorial Optimization, is divided into three parts: - On the complexity of combinatorial optimization problems, presenting basics about worst-case and randomized complexity; - Classical solution methods, presenting the two most-known methods for solving hard combinatorial optimization problems, that are Branch-and-Bound and Dynamic Programming; - Elements from mathematical programming, presenting fundamentals from mathematical programming based methods that are in the heart of Operations Research since the origins of this field.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Vangelis Th. Paschos Part I Complexity of Combinatioral Optimization Problems 1 Chapter 1 Basic Concepts in Algorithms and Complexity Theory 3 Vangelis Th. Paschos Chapter 2 Randomized Complexity 21 Jérémy Barbay Part II Classic Solution Methods 39 Chapter 3 Branch-and-Bound Methods 41 Irène Charon and Olivier Hudry Chapter 4 Dynamic Programming 71 Bruno Escoffier and Olivier Spanjaard Part III Elements from Mathematical Programming 101 Chapter 5 Mixed Integer Linear Programming Models for Combinatorial Optimization Problems 103 Frédérico Della Croce Chapter 6 Simplex Algorithms for Linear Programming 135 Frédérico Della Croce and Andrea Grosso Chapter 7 A Survey of Some Linear Programming Methods 157 Pierre Tolla Chapter 8 Quadratic Optimization in 0-1 Variables 189 Alain Billionnet Chapter 9 Column Generation in Integar Linear Programming 235 Irène Loiseau, Alberto Ceselli, Nelson Maculan and Matteo Salani Chapter 10 Polyhedral Approaches 261 Ali Ridha Mahjoub Chapter 11 Constaint Programming 325 Claude Le Pape General Bibliography 339 List of Authors 363 Index 367 Summary of Other Volumes in the Series 371

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Book SynopsisCombinatorial optimization is a multidisciplinary scientific area, lying in the interface of three major scientific domains: mathematics, theoretical computer science and management. The three volumes of the Combinatorial Optimization series aim to cover a wide range of topics in this area. These topics also deal with fundamental notions and approaches as with several classical applications of combinatorial optimization. Concepts of Combinatorial Optimization, is divided into three parts: - On the complexity of combinatorial optimization problems, presenting basics about worst-case and randomized complexity; - Classical solution methods, presenting the two most-known methods for solving hard combinatorial optimization problems, that are Branch-and-Bound and Dynamic Programming; - Elements from mathematical programming, presenting fundamentals from mathematical programming based methods that are in the heart of Operations Research since the origins of this field.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Chapter 1 Airline Crew Pairing Optimization 1 Laurent Alfandari and Anass Nagih Chapter 2 The Task Allocation Problem 23 Moaiz Ben Dhaou and Didier Fayard Chapter 3 A Comparison of Some Valid Inequality Generation Methods for General 0-1 Problems 49 Pierre Bonami and Michel Minoux Chapter 4 Production Planning 73 Nadia Brauner, Gerd Finke and Maurice Queyranne Chapter 5 Operations Research and Goods Transportation 111 Teodor Gabriel Crainic and Frédéric Semet Chapter 6 Optimization Models for Transportation Systems Planning 177 Teodor Gabriel Crainic and Michael Florian Chapter 7 A Model for the Design of a Minimum-cost Telecomminications Network 209 Marc Demange, Cécile Murat, Vangelis Th. Paschos and Sophie Toulouse Chapter 8 Parallel Combinatorial Optimization 225 Van-Dat Cung, Bertrand Le Cun and Catherine Roucairol Chapter 9 Network Design Problems: Fundamental Methods 253 Alain Quilliot Chapter 10 Network Design Problems: Models and Applications 291 Alain Quilliot Chapter 11 Multicriteria Task Allocation to Heterogenous Processors with Capacity and Mutual Exclusion Constraints 327 Bernard Roy and Roman Slowinski General Bibliography 365 List of Authors 401 Index 405 Summary of Other Volumes in the Series 409

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Book SynopsisThe main objective of the book is to present state-of-the-art research results and experience reports in the area of quality monitoring for customer experience management, addressing topics which are currently important, such as service-aware future Internet architecture for Quality of Experience (QoE) management on multimedia applications. In recent years, multimedia applications and services have experienced a sudden growth. Today, video display is not limited to the traditional areas of movies and television on TV sets, but these applications are accessed in different environments, with different devices and under different conditions. In addition, the continuous emergence of new services, along with increasing competition, is forcing network operators and service providers to focus all their efforts on customer satisfaction, although determining the QoE is not a trivial task. This book addresses the QoE for improving customer perception when using added value services offered by service providers, from evaluation to monitoring and other management processes.Table of ContentsPreface xi Abdelhamid Mellouk Chapter 1 Challenges for Quality of Experience Engineering for Added Value Services 1 Abdelhamid Mellouk and Antonio Cuadra-Sanchez 1.1 Introduction and challenges 1 1.2 Contents 2 1.3 Conclusion 10 Chapter 2 An Ecosystem for Customer Experience Management 11 Antonio Cuadra-Sanchez, Mar Cutanda-Rodriguez, Andreas Aurelius, Kjell Brunnstrom, Jorge E. Lopez De Vergara, Martin Varela, Jukka-Pekka Laulajainen, Anderson Morais, Ana Cavalli, Abdelhamid Mellouk, Brice Augustin and Ismael Perez-Mateos 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Managing customer experience 12 2.3 Quality of experience ecosystem 14 2.4 IPNQSIS 23 2.5 NOTTS 25 2.6 Conclusions 28 2.7 Acknowledgments 28 2.8 Bibliography 28 Chapter 3 Measuring MPEG Frame Loss Rate to Evaluate the Quality of Experience in IPTV Service 31 Diego Hernando-Loeda, Jorge De Vergara, Javier Aracil, David Madrigal and Felipe Mata 3.1 Introduction 32 3.2 Related work 33 3.3 Method description 34 3.4 QoE prediction models 36 3.5 Network monitoring tool 43 3.6 Performance assessment 45 3.7 Conclusions and future work 48 3.8 Acknowledgments 49 3.9 Bibliography 49 Chapter 4 Estimating the Effect if Context on the QoE of Audiovisual Services 53 Toni Maki, Martin Varela and Jukka-Pekka Laulajainen 4.1 Introduction 53 4.2 Test content 55 4.3 Subjective tests in laboratory 57 4.4 Subjective tests at exhibition 58 4.5 Results 60 4.6 Conclusions and further work 69 4.7 Bibliography 70 Chapter 5 IPTV Multiservice QoE Management System 73 Antonio Cuadra-Sanchez, Mar Cutanda-Rodriguez, Alfredo Perez-Montero Eugenio Rogles, Jesus Gutierrez and Fernando Jaureguizar 5.1 Introduction 73 5.2 State of the art 75 5.3 Multiservice IPTV probe 80 5.4 QoE management system 85 5.5 Conclusions 90 5.6 Acknowledgments 90 5.7 Bibliography 90 Chapter 6 High Speed Multimedia Flow Classification 93 Rafael Leira Osuna, Pedro Gomez Nieto, Ivan Gonzalez and Jorge E. Lopez De Vergara 6.1 Introduction 93 6.2 The architecture 95 6.3 Validation 110 6.4 Conclusions 114 6.5 Acknowledgments 115 6.6 Bibliography 115 Chapter 7 User Driven Server Selection Algorithm for CDN Architecture 119 Said Hoceini, Hai Anh Tran and Abdelhamid Mellouk 7.1 Introduction 119 7.2 Multi-armed bandit formalization 122 7.3 Server selection schemes 136 7.4 Our proposal for QoE-based server selection method 136 7.5 Experimental results 139 7.6 Acknowledgments 146 7.7 Conclusion 147 7.8 Bibliography 147 Chapter 8 QoE Approaches for Adaptive Transport of Video Streaming Media 151 M. Sajid Mushtaq, Brice Augustin and Abdelhamid Mellouk 8.1 Introduction 151 8.2 Adaptive video transport 153 8.3 Microsoft Smooth Streaming 156 8.4 Apple HTTP live streaming 158 8.5 Adobe HTTP dynamic streaming 159 8.6 MPEG-dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP 159 8.7 The goals of adaptive video streaming 161 8.8 Quality metrics for video streaming 162 8.9 The role of TCP in adaptive video streaming 163 8.10 Bibliography 168 Chapter 9 QoS and QoE Effects of Packet Losses in Multimedia Video Streaming 171 Rene Serral-Gracia, Eva Marin-Tordera, Xavier Masip-Bruin and Marcelo Yannuzzi 9.1 Introduction to the overall scenario 171 9.2 Related work 173 9.3 Multilayer performance metrics 174 9.4 QoE multilayer metric and quality assessment mechanism 178 9.5 Video streaming use case: peer-to-peer television (P2PTVG) 180 9.6 Conclusions and further actions 189 9.7 Bibliography 189 Chapter 10 A Model for Quality of Experience Estimation Based on Quality of Service Parameter Monitoring for Multimedia Convergent Services (3-Play) 191 Pedro De La Cruz Ramos, Raquel Perez Leal, Francisco Gonzalez Vidal and Luis Bellido Triana 10.1 Introduction 191 10.2 Presentation of the model 193 10.3 Application of the model to convergent (3P) services 196 10.4 Quality evaluation process 199 10.5 Model testing 218 10.6 Conclusions and future work 219 10.7 Acknowledgments 220 10.8 Bibliography 220 Chapter 11 Quality of Experience Estimation in Networks 225 Frederic Guyard, Martin Varela, Lea Skorin-Kapov, Antonio Cuadra-Sanchez and Pedro J. Sevilla-Ramos 11.1 Introduction 225 11.2 QuEEN terminology and concepts 226 11.3 Modeling the QoE, The ARCU model 229 11.4 The QuEEN layered model 232 11.5 Applications 235 11.6 Conclusions 240 11.7 Acknowledgments 241 11.8 Bibliography 241 Chapter 12 QoE-Based Network Selection in Heterogeneous Environments 245 Kandaraj Piamrat, Hyunhee Park, Kamal DEEP Singh and Cesar VIHO 12.1 Introduction 245 12.2 Network selection in homogeneous environments: a use case in WLAN 248 12.3 Related work for network selection in the heterogeneous environment 251 12.4 QoE-based network selection in heterogeneous networks 254 12.5 Conclusions and discussions 262 12.6 Bibliography 263 List of Authors 267 Index 271

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Book SynopsisThe purpose of this book is to question the relationships involved in decision making and the systems designed to support it: decision support systems (DSS). The focus is on how these systems are engineered; to stop and think about the questions to be asked throughout the engineering process and, in particular, about the impact designers’ choices have on these systems. This therefore involves identifying the elements of the problem of decision support systems engineering: the main objects and dimensions to be considered and the relationships they involve, issues at the levels of the decision-maker, of the organization (and even of society), the general approach to which to subscribe and so on. Table of ContentsPREFACE vii INTRODUCTION xi CHAPTER 1. INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY 1 1.1. The concept of information systems 1 1.2. History of the concept of information systems 5 1.2.1. The centralized processing stage (1950s–1960s) 5 1.2.2. The data decentralization stage (1970s–1990s) 6 1.2.3. The interoperability and standardization stage (1990s) 6 1.2.4. The universality and globalization stage (2000 onward) 7 1.3. What is “digital” technology? 9 1.4. Information systems and digital technology for business 11 1.5. Key points 15 CHAPTER 2. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 17 2.1. Historical overview 18 2.2. Knowledge Management: two dominant approaches 20 2.2.1. The technological approach 21 2.2.2. The managerial and sociotechnical approach to KM 22 2.3. Specific management principles for KM 23 2.3.1. Definition of Knowledge Management 24 2.3.2. The organizational context 24 2.3.3. The vision 26 2.3.4. Guiding principles 27 2.3.5. Ad hoc infrastructures 28 2.3.6. Generic KM processes 31 2.3.7. Methods and tools for KM 34 2.4. A model for general knowledge management within the enterprise (MGKME) 36 2.4.1. Description of the MGKME 36 2.4.2. State indicators for knowledge management systems 40 2.5. Conclusions 42 2.6. Key points 43 CHAPTER 3. THE ENTERPRISE’S INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM (EIKS) 45 3.1. Basic theories 45 3.1.1. Three fundamental postulates 45 3.1.2. Creation of individual and tacit knowledge 47 3.1.3. Commensurability of interpretative frameworks 50 3.1.4. Conditions in which knowledge can be assimilated to an object 50 3.2. The enterprise’s information and knowledge system 52 3.3. A knowledge system is not a knowledge-based system 54 3.4. Evolution of an EIKS 59 3.5. Representative example of an EIKS 59 3.5.1. Presentation of the context 60 3.5.2. EIKS in this context 61 3.6. Key points 63 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES 65 APPENDIX. SEVEN GOLDEN RULES FOR SUCCESSFUL KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 69 BIBLIOGRAPHY 75 INDEX 83

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Book SynopsisThe exponential digitization of medical data has led to a transformation of the practice of medicine. This change notably raises a new complexity of issues surrounding health IT. The proper use of these communication tools, such as telemedicine, e-health, m-health the big medical data, should improve the quality of monitoring and care of patients for an information system to "human face". Faced with these challenges, the author analyses in an ethical angle the patient-physician relationship, sharing, transmission and storage of medical information, setting pins to an ethic for the digitization of medical information. Drawing on good practice recommendations closely associated with values, this model is developing tools for reflection and present the keys to understanding the decision-making issues that reflect both the technological constraints and the complex nature of human reality in medicine .Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION ix CHAPTER 1. THE EMERGENCE OF MEDICAL INFORMATION IN THE FACE OF PERSONAL AND SOCIETAL ETHICAL CHALLENGES 1 1.1. An information-consuming society 2 1.2. e-Health, m-health, the Quantified Self and Big Data 5 1.3. Medical secrecy in the face of the computerization of healthcare data 18 1.3.1. Regulatory characteristics of medical secrecy 19 1.3.2. Protection of healthcare data 24 1.4. Cultural evolution of mentalities surrounding legitimacy of information 28 1.5. Processing of personal data in law 30 1.5.1. European regulations concerning the processing of medical data 32 1.5.2. American legal framework surrounding personal healthcare data 39 1.5.3. Laws pertaining to personal data in Asia 42 CHAPTER 2. ETHICAL MODELING: FROM THE DESIGN TO THE USE OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM 45 2.1. Info-ethics: data on practical wisdom 47 2.1.1. Epistemological illumination around the pyramid of knowledge 48 2.1.2. From data to knowledge through an information system 52 2.1.3. Quality and choice of medical information 56 2.2. Identification of method used to develop the ethical analysis model 61 2.3. Development of the ethical analysis space 68 2.4. Presentation of the ethical model 74 2.4.1. Ethical cube of an accepted contingency 75 2.4.2. Ethical model of information system in the doctor–patient relationship 78 2.4.3. Ethical modeling of medical communication 88 2.4.4. Process of creation of practical wisdom via neo-Platonic systemic ethical modeling 95 2.4.5. Ethical inductive algorithmic governance (;;, G, ;;) 108 2.4.6. Toward a selective ranking of medical data 113 CHAPTER 3. USES OF THIS ETHICAL MODEL 119 3.1. Implementing the ethical model 119 3.1.1. Implementing the model on the major aims of an information system 121 3.1.2. Implementation of the model in the general creation of an information system 131 3.2. Presentation of the study’s questionnaires 131 3.3. Necessary environmental changes for healthcare information systems: recommendations and actions 134 3.3.1. From a structural and technological perspective 137 3.3.2. From a strategic and methodological perspective 141 3.3.3. From an organizational and regulatory perspective 146 3.3.4. From a relational and cultural perspective 153 3.4. Creating an ethical charter on the “ideal” computational tool for a healthcare establishment 158 3.4.1. Missions and areas of action 158 3.4.2. Contents 160 CHAPTER 4. ETHICS-ORIENTED PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 165 4.1. The evolution of society toward an ethical ideal based on information 166 4.2. The doctor–patient–IS triangulation 174 4.2.1. Man–machine interface 175 4.2.2. Data compression 178 4.2.3. Flexibility and technical adaptation to the users 180 4.2.4. Shared knowledge engineering 182 4.3. Ethical use of an information system in healthcare 184 4.4. Ethics-oriented personalized medicine 189 4.4.1. Value of management 190 4.4.2. Ethical management 191 4.5. Tool for the establishment and constant improvement of information systems for ethical practice in hospitals 194 4.5.1. Construction of the dashboards 195 4.5.2. Methodology of implementation and use 212 CONCLUSIONS 221APPENDIX 1 225 APPENDIX 2 229 APPENDIX 3 233 APPENDIX 4 235 APPENDIX 5 243 APPENDIX 6 245 BIBLIOGRAPHY 247 INDEX 261

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Book SynopsisSupply chain management is a key topic for a large variety of strategic decision problems. It is essential in making efficient decisions related to the management of inventory and the delivery of final products to customers. The focus of this book is the understanding of the supply chain taxonomy, the different levels of decision and the impact of one level on another depending on the modeling of the addressed objectives. The authors explore the potential problems that can be addressed within the supply chain, such as the inventory, the transportation and issues of holding, and find applications in numerous fields of study, from cloud computing and networking through to industrial sciences. The reader can find each issue described and its positioning in the supply chain determined. A computer science framework is also developed to show how the use of electronic platforms can aid in the handling of these potential problems.Trade Review"The reader can fi nd each issue described and its positioning in the supply chain determined. A computer science framework is also developed to show how the use of electronic platforms can aid in the handling of these potential problems." (Zentralblatt MATH 2016)Table of ContentsList of Figures ix List of Tables xi Glossary xiii Introduction xv Chapter 1. Preliminaries in Decision-Making 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Decision-making problems 2 1.3. Optimization modeling of a decision problem 3 1.3.1. Notation 4 1.3.2. Features of an optimization problem 5 1.3.3. A didactic example 6 1.4. Game theory modeling of a decision problem 7 1.4.1. Notation 7 1.4.2. The coalition formation problem 8 1.4.3. The stability concepts 10 1.5. Allocation methods 11 1.5.1. Shapley value allocation 11 1.6. Conclusion 12 Chapter 2. Introduction to Supply Chain Management 13 2.1. Introduction 13 2.2. Main elements of the supply chain 13 2.3. Main activities in the supply chain 18 2.3.1. The ordering problem 18 2.3.2. The warehousing problem 19 2.3.3. The transportation problem 19 2.3.4. The inventory problem 20 2.3.5. Computer science applications in supply chain management 21 2.4. Decision levels in the supply chain 22 2.4.1. Strategic level 23 2.4.2. Tactical level 23 2.4.3. Operational level 23 2.5. Conclusion 23 Chapter 3. The Ordering Problem 25 3.1. Introduction 25 3.2. Terminology 26 3.3. The one supplier–one retailer ordering problem 26 3.3.1. An example of the one–one ordering problem 28 3.3.2. Summary 28 3.4. The one supplier–multiple retailers ordering problem 29 3.4.1. Fixed purchasing price 30 3.4.2. An example of the 1 − n ordering problem 30 3.4.3. Quantity-dependent purchasing price 30 3.5. The multiple suppliers–one retailer ordering problem 31 3.6. The multiple suppliers–multiple retailers ordering problem 32 3.7. Conclusion 36 Chapter 4. The Warehousing Problem 37 4.1. Introduction 37 4.2. Problem description 38 4.2.1. Terminology 39 4.2.2. Inputs/outputs of the WP 40 4.2.3. WP variants 40 4.3. WP with variable cost/without conflicts 42 4.3.1. Mathematical formulation 42 4.3.2. An example 42 4.4. WP with fixed cost/without conflicts 44 4.4.1. Mathematical formulation 44 4.4.2. An example 44 4.5. WP with variable cost/with conflicts 46 4.5.1. Mathematical formulation 47 4.5.2. An example 47 4.6. WP with fixed cost/with conflicts 50 4.6.1. Mathematical formulation 50 4.6.2. An example 50 4.7. A DSS design for the warehousing problem 53 4.8. Example 54 4.9. Answer 55 4.10. Conclusion 56 Chapter 5. Inventory Management 57 5.1. Introduction 57 5.2. Definition of inventory management 58 5.3. Purposes of inventory 59 5.4. Inventory modeling 59 5.4.1. Terminology 60 5.4.2. Economic order quantity model 60 5.4.3. Examples 61 5.5. Conclusion 63 Chapter 6. The Delivery in the Supply Chain 65 6.1. Introduction 65 6.2. The delivery process in the SC 67 6.3. Problem description 68 6.3.1. Terminology 70 6.3.2. Inputs/outputs of the delivery 70 6.3.3. Delivery variants 70 6.4. First Variant: delivery with capacitated trucks 70 6.4.1. CVRP specification 71 6.4.2. Mathematical formulation of the CVRP 71 6.5. Second Variant: delivery with time windows 72 6.5.1. VRPTW specification 72 6.5.2. Mathematical formulation of the VRPTW 73 6.6. A real case study: the case of Tunisia 74 6.7. Alternative resolution approaches for the delivery problem 75 6.7.1. A tabu search approach for solving the delivery problem 75 6.7.2. A genetic algorithm for solving the delivery problem 76 6.8. A DSS design for the delivery problem 78 6.9. Conclusion 79 Bibliography 81 Index 85

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Book SynopsisThis research attempts to explore and identify eventual relationships between the evolution of ERP systems and information systems integration or disintegration. The aim of this research is to know if the relationships between the ERP systems and the information systems are guided by certain factors and, as a result, to understand, more in-depth, the factors affecting these relationships. More precisely, this analysis aims to study whether assigned values given to these factors could guide the evolution of ERP systems in a manner that promotes IS integration; and if the opposite assigned values to these same factors could guide the evolution of ERP systems in a manner that provokes IS disintegration instead.Table of ContentsForeword ix Introduction xi Chapter 1. Definition of Research Terms 1 Chapter 2. ERP: Contribution and Trends 9 2.1. ERP as an indicator of integration for information systems 9 2.2. Trends for ERP implementation within the framework of the information system 10 2.3. Trends for ERP evolution toward a new generation (2nd G) 13 Chapter 3. The Research Question and Methodology 15 Chapter 4. Literature Review: Factors Affecting the Relationships between the ERP System’s Evolution and IS Integration or Disintegration 21 4.1. Economic crisis and COmpetitiveness (ECCO) 29 4.2. Total dependency on the ERP vendor (TDEV) 32 4.3. Project management ERP (PMER) 34 4.4. INTEroperability of the ERP (INTE) 36 4.5. Evolution strategy of existing systems (ESES) 38 4.5.1. Urbanization 38 4.5.2. Total overhaul 39 4.6. Complexity of ERP (COER) 41 4.7. Evolution strategy of ERP vendors (ESEV) 43 Chapter 5. Correlation Between Research Factors 49 5.1. Correlations between economic crisis and competitiveness (ECCO) and PMER and INTE and COER 50 5.2. Correlations between ECCO and PMER and INTE and ESEV 51 5.3. Correlations between ECCO and PMER and COER and ESEV 51 5.4. Correlations between ECCO and TDEV and PMER 52 5.5. Correlations between ECCO and ESES and COER 52 5.6. Correlations between ECCO and ESES and ESEV 52 5.7. Correlations between PMER and ESES and ESEV 53 5.8. Correlations between INTE and ESES and COER 53 5.9. Correlation between ECCO and TDEV 53 5.10. Correlation between ECCO and PMER 54 5.11. Correlation between ECCO and INTE 56 5.12. Correlation between ECCO and ESES 56 5.13. Correlation between ECCO and COER 58 5.14. Correlation between ECCO and ESEV 59 5.15. Correlation between TDEV and INTE 60 5.16. Correlation between TDEV and ESES 61 5.17. Correlation between PMER and INTE 62 5.18. Correlation between PMER and ESES 62 5.19. Correlation between PMER and COER 63 5.20. Correlation between PMER and ESEV 64 5.21. Correlation between INTE and ESES 64 5.22. Correlation between INTE and COER 66 5.23. Correlation between INTE and ESEV 66 5.24. Correlation between COER and ESEV 67 Chapter 6. Case Studies 71 6.1. Hershey 71 6.1.1. Case outcome and evaluation 74 6.2. FoxMeyer Drugs 75 6.2.1. Case outcome and evaluation 76 6.3. Oracle Corporation’s E-Business Suite 76 6.3.1. Case outcome and evaluation 78 6.4. Summary of case studies 78 Chapter 7. Discussion: Relationships between Evolution of ERP Systems and IS Integration or Disintegration 81 7.1. TDEV and ECCO 81 7.2. TDEV and INTE 82 7.3. PMER and ESES 83 7.4. COER and PMER 83 7.5. INTE and ESES 84 7.6. COER and INTE 84 7.7. ESEV and INTE 85 7.8. COER and ESEV 86 Chapter 8. Interests and Limitations of the Research 91 Conclusion 93 Bibliography 99 Index 119

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Book SynopsisIn what sort of assemblages, the strategies and digital policies in organization are made? Beyond digital mantras and management slogans/fictions, what is the concrete factory of information management system? What are the parts of the human and no human actors? Is it possible to create a new approach to understand how work change (or not), to explore the potential for a social and cognitive innovation way, considering simultaneously the increase of Data Management and the organizational analytics?Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Chapter 1. Manufacturing the Organization, Manufacturing Scripts 1 1.1. Pragmatic sociology and the pragmatism of scripts 1 1.1.1. A few requirements 1 1.1.2. A few trials 9 1.1.3. Following the scripts in action 12 1.2. Setting the stage 21 1.2.1. Two gray suits at the Belmont bar 21 1.2.2. A parade of participants 24 1.3. Moeva “Beta”: building a theatre of operations 28 1.3.1. The English temptation and the IBM test 28 1.3.2. “We want to think for ourselves!” 30 1.3.3. Writing the management script: its manufactured-manufacturing making 33 1.3.4. What happens in a recruiter’s office? 37 1.4. Extension and celebration 39 1.4.1. Going forward, even blindly 39 1.4.2. Making newcomers into allies 40 1.4.3. The first debates 42 1.4.4. Self-glorification: setting the stage for September 2001 45 1.5. Years of continuous developments and testing 47 1.5.1. The intranet mobility takes over the transformation of the modes of cooperation 47 1.5.2. Third identity and access policies 49 1.5.3. In search of external recognition 50 1.5.4. “Villepin’s 100 days” 51 1.5.5. Conflicts and paths of rationalities 54 1.6. The designation and description of the scripts 58 1.6.1. Scripts put to the test of professional criticism 58 1.6.2. Naming and distinguishing scripts 64 1.7. Models 70 1.7.1. Cycles and dynamics 70 1.7.2. Other dynamics 75 Chapter 2. Performation: Out of Bounds (and Beyond Language) 81 2.1. The question of performativity, at the heart of the production of digital organizations 81 2.1.1. Inheritance and openings 81 2.1.2. On the extension of performation 97 2.1.3. Performation: a discussion on the proposed configurations of M. Callon 101 2.2. Digital organizational assemblages: towards a general narratique 106 2.2.1. Stories: Theorico-orthodox and desirable performations 106 2.2.2. The narratique: self-referentiality and autopoiesis dimensions 115 2.2.3. Narrative and celebratory practices (examples of intranets) 121 2.2.4. Hetero-poietic narratives connected to outside forces 128 2.2.5. “Revolutionary” narratives and innovative reasoning 134 2.2.6. From a “network-centric” narrative to a “data-centric” narrative: the breviary of recent years 140 2.3. The case of Open Data public policies: the processes of performation at work 157 2.3.1. On maintaining the desire for data and barometers 158 2.3.2. Visualizations and format pivots: techno-political writings 166 Chapter 3. Monitoring Assemblages and their Semiopolitics in Action 173 3.1. Interfaces and semiopolitical regimes 173 3.1.1. Machines and interfaces: some pointers 174 3.1.2. Molar/molecular and D/T/R 179 3.1.3. Organizational semiopolitic regimes 184 3.1.4. A digital and organizational spatium 198 3.1.5. Case study: digital discrimination at work 207 3.2. Corporate sociodigital economy 217 3.2.1. Data management and social engineering 217 3.2.2. Views of the network 223 3.2.3. Opacity/transparency 224 3.2.4. Recommendations 226 3.2.5. Graphs 228 3.2.6. Organizational network analysis 230 3.3. Prospects for the analysis of sociodigital assemblages 232 3.3.1. A polemology of networks? 232 3.3.2. Conflicts in networks: employees on the Web 234 3.3.3. Digital methods at work 245 3.3.4. Inhabiting and describing the assemblages: a program in the service of the analyses of the organization and managerial approaches involving digital humanities 262 Bibliography 273 Index 291

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Book SynopsisAn information system may be regarded as an organized set of resources, both technological and human. Security should take this specificity into consideration in order to ensure an overall security of information systems. The security of information systems is usually tackled in a technological perspective. This book proposes to focus not only on information systems' security in a technological perspective, but also in a human, managerial and organizational perspective.Table of ContentsList of Figures ix List of Scenarios xiii Preface xv Introduction xix Part 1. Information Systems: Technologies and People 1 Chapter 1. Components with Known Purposes: Technologies 3 1.1. Up to the end of the 19th Century: decreasing transmission time 4 1.2. From the end of the 19th Century: decreasing processing time 14 1.3. From the end of the 20th Century: facing massification 21 Chapter 2. Components with Interpretive Aspects: People 25 2.1. Tacit knowing or, how do we know? 26 2.1.1. The existence of tacit knowledge 26 2.1.2. Sense-giving and sense-reading: knowledge is tacit 27 2.2. The interpretative framework, the filter through which we create our knowledge 31 2.2.1. A tool for tacit knowing 31 2.2.2. The different types of interpretative frameworks 34 2.2.3. The commensurability of interpretative frameworks 37 2.3. The concept of incommensurability 38 2.3.1. From partial communication to incommensurability 39 2.3.2. Language – linking words to nature 41 2.3.3. Revolution – changing the meaning of words 44 2.4. Mental models, representations of reality 46 2.4.1. Incomplete representations 47 2.4.2. Cognitive representations 49 2.4.3. Shared mental models 50 2.4.4. Explaining mental models 51 Part 2. The Insider Threat 59 Chapter 3. The Three Categories of Insider Threats 61 Chapter 4. Unintentional 69 4.1. The quality of the stolen information 73 4.2. The case of apparently insignificant information that has hidden value 74 4.3. The case of information that can simply be asked for 78 4.4. The case of the information that will help you 81 Chapter 5. Intentional and Non-Malicious 83 5.1. Conflict between productivity and security 85 5.2. Workarounds, a factor for innovation or risk 88 5.2.1. Workarounds are an innovation 89 5.2.2. Workarounds are a risk 89 5.3. On non-malicious violations 90 5.3.1. Intentional behavior 91 5.3.2. Personal benefit without malicious intent 91 5.3.3. Voluntary breaking of the rules 92 5.3.4. Possible damage or risk to security 92 Chapter 6. Intentional and Malicious 95 6.1. The information is known; why not exploit it? 96 6.2. Organizational environment and cognitive processes of committing the act 99 6.2.1. For the organization, deterrence prevents maliciousness 100 6.2.2. For the employee, moral disengagement justifies maliciousness 103 6.3. Ease of deterrence 105 Conclusion 111 Bibliography 117 Index 127

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Book SynopsisThe pressure of working in the resource limited health service along with the requirement to maintain and develop a professional knowledge base leaves little time for staff to get seriously involved in related studies. Even students undertaking diploma and degree courses at university find little time to use computer based resources in spite of having them to hand. Just mention the word "computers" to some people and they mentally "switch off". Mental images of machines, "techno speak" and having to learn a whole new way of doing things do not tend to make their use very attractive. This practical book offers a way forward and will help the nurse to: Develop competence in using selected computer programs to find information relevant to professional clinical practice Avoid irrelevant depth of technical matter Make the best use of limited time resources whether it be at work, at home or in university-based study The reader will be introduced to computers at a basic level but with enough information to get started and to troubleshoot simple problems. Then you will be shown how to recognize and use applications (programs) useful to your professional practice. Finally you will be given a brief guide to some selected evidence based practice related web sites to start you off on your search.Table of Contents1. Assessment of The Computer. 2. Setting up a Computer System. 3 The healthy Computer, fit for Purpose and Function. 4. Word Processing. 5. The Internet and Internet Browser. 6. Information Searching Strategies Using The Internet browser. 7. Using Email for Networking. 8. Making Sense of Electronic information.

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