Computer science Books

Book SynopsisIs immersion just another name for enclosure? In this groundbreaking analysis of virtual reality in Japan, Paul Roquet uncovers how the technology is reshaping the politics of labor, gender, home, and nation.Trade ReviewThe Immersive Enclosure is timely in the most profound sense: it offers a glimpse of a future that we need to act upon now in order to address its potential pitfalls, which include the wholesale commercial mediation of experience. Paul Roquet does a brilliant job of drawing on the culturally specific case of Japan's uptake of VR to provide insights of universal relevance and urgent importance as we confront the prospect that reality itself is becoming the next frontier of the surveillance economy. -- Mark Andrejevic, author of Automated MediaPaul Roquet’s timely book offers a refreshing new take on VR as a consumer technology. Situating the development of VR within Japan’s robust media networks of anime, manga, visual novels, and video games, he deftly illuminates the ways VR is also seen as a panacea to the country’s shrinking labor force. -- Yuriko Furuhata, author of Climatic Media: Transpacific Experiments in Atmospheric ControlThis book is a must-read for scholars in media studies and general readers alike fascinated by the flawed revolutionary potential of VR. Roquet makes a powerful case for attending to the cultural and aesthetic conditions of possibility necessary for embracing virtual reality. -- James J. Hodge, author of Sensations of History: Animation and New Media ArtImmersive Enclosure tells a startlingly different story about VR. Working expertly across discourses, technologies, and fantasies about virtual reality in Japan, Roquet reveals a homology between the structuring of perceptual space and social space that utterly challenges our understanding of the past and future of VR media. The urgent question emerges with breathtaking clarity: what to make of a collective desire for one-person space? -- Thomas Lamarre, author of The Anime Ecology: A Genealogy of Television, Animation, and Game MediaAn intriguing analysis of virtual reality as a new vessel for a contaminated kind of individualism, the product of people retreating deeper into personal devices instead of the larger, collective world. * Kotaku *[This book] offers a bounty of insights for historians of technology. -- Yulia Frumer * H-Sci-Med-Tech, H-Net Reviews *The Immersive Enclosure offers an antidote to Western-focused, and especially American-focused, studies of VR, while also underscoring the universal promises and perils that VR holds for contemporary, globalized societies everywhere. . . Highly recommended. * Choice Reviews *Roquet successfully demonstrates how virtual reality in Japan emerges from a uniquely cultural and historical perspective, inspiring others to address the local specificity of their virtual reality. The Immersive Enclosure can be their guide. -- Michael Vallance * Japan Review *Readers willing to enclose themselves in the pages of The Immersive Enclosure: Virtual Reality in Japan can expect to perceive with greater clarity the relationship between perception and bias, especially regarding virtual reality (VR) technologies. Paul Roquet’s account of the development of VR helps uncover implications of the media ecological intersections between a medium, its name, its environment, and its relationship to cultural and political biases. -- Natalia Wohar * Explorations in Media Ecology *The Immersive Enclosure sets a high bar for research quality, clarity of writing, and insightful arguments. It is strongly recommended for apprehending the history, development, and significance of a technology in Japan that is poised to shape our collective media future in new and potentially unforeseen ways. -- Ben Whaley * Journal of Japanese Studies *Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Ambient Power Play1. Acoustics of the One-Person Space2. Translating the Virtual Into Japanese3. VR Telework and the Privatization of Presence4. Immersive Anxieties in the VR Isekai5. VR as a Technology of MasculinityConclusionAcknowledgmentsNotesBibliographyIndex

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Trade Review"In this artfully crafted, elegantly written monograph, Dobson deploys his acumen as a literary theorist to show how everything touching computational methods from computational logic to algorithmically derived tools is subject in one way or another to the modes of humanistic critique that computational scientists claim to have rendered obsolete. Whereas computational digital humanities claims to be a mode inquiry that would utterly displace humanistic disciplines, the critical digital humanities Dobson explains and practices shows how humanistic critical theory and computational science might be considered complementary rather than antagonistic modes of inquiry."--Donald E. Pease, author of The New American Exceptionalism"Critical Digital Humanities brings hermeneutic philosophy, literary theory (high and low, surface and deep) to bear on research in the field of digital humanities, from machine learning to sentiment analysis. This book goes beyond mere critique, effectively and thoroughly interrogating the extent to which algorithmic tools extend humanists' interpretive goals. It should be required reading not only for those interested in limits of computational methodologies but also for digital humanities scholars and students who are analyzing digital texts and building digital tools for future research."—Laura Mandell, author of Breaking the Book: Print Humanities in the Digital Age"Dobson provides a thought-provoking overview of critical views on digital humanities. He points repeatedly and with vigor at crucial aspects to consider when doing digital humanities in the tradition of literary criticism." --Journal of Literary Theory"Critical Digital Humanities is an important corrective to approaches that frame computational data as inviolable, unbiased, and essentially trustworthy. Dobson masterfully combines cultural theory with complex computational approaches and points to areas for further development by digital humanists looking to resist the slide toward scientism, remembering that they are, after all, humanists." --Journal of Folklore Research

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"In this artfully crafted, elegantly written monograph, Dobson deploys his acumen as a literary theorist to show how everything touching computational methods from computational logic to algorithmically derived tools is subject in one way or another to the modes of humanistic critique that computational scientists claim to have rendered obsolete. Whereas computational digital humanities claims to be a mode inquiry that would utterly displace humanistic disciplines, the critical digital humanities Dobson explains and practices shows how humanistic critical theory and computational science might be considered complementary rather than antagonistic modes of inquiry."--Donald E. Pease, author of The New American Exceptionalism"Critical Digital Humanities brings hermeneutic philosophy, literary theory (high and low, surface and deep) to bear on research in the field of digital humanities, from machine learning to sentiment analysis. This book goes beyond mere critique, effectively and thoroughly interrogating the extent to which algorithmic tools extend humanists' interpretive goals. It should be required reading not only for those interested in limits of computational methodologies but also for digital humanities scholars and students who are analyzing digital texts and building digital tools for future research."—Laura Mandell, author of Breaking the Book: Print Humanities in the Digital Age"Dobson provides a thought-provoking overview of critical views on digital humanities. He points repeatedly and with vigor at crucial aspects to consider when doing digital humanities in the tradition of literary criticism." --Journal of Literary Theory"Critical Digital Humanities is an important corrective to approaches that frame computational data as inviolable, unbiased, and essentially trustworthy. Dobson masterfully combines cultural theory with complex computational approaches and points to areas for further development by digital humanists looking to resist the slide toward scientism, remembering that they are, after all, humanists." --Journal of Folklore Research

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Book SynopsisThis book is a selection of essays on relevant topics already published in Computer. The more general essays have been selected for each section, a general introduction has been written, and each section is introduced by a fairly lengthy essay depicting the general area and serving as a prelude the more particular essays in each section.Trade Review"This collection of timeless, thought-provoking essays will appeal to computer users of all levels and ages." (CHOICE, May 2007) "The 34 essays that comprise the heart if his book reveal a humans and judicious mind dedicated to raising his profession." (Times Higher Education Supplement, 23rd February 2007) "…I enthusiastically recommend these well-written essays as food for thought for computer professionals, teachers, students, and the interested general public." (Computing Reviews.com, February 1, 2006)Table of ContentsPreface. The Context. The Background. The Chapters. 1. The Basis of Computing. 2. Computing So Far. 3. Computers and Education. 4. Computing and Professions. 5. The Potential of Computing. 6. Facing the Future. Technical Details. Index.

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Book SynopsisNeuromorphic electronic engineering takes its inspiration from the functioning of nervous systems to build more power efficient electronic sensors and processors. Event-based neuromorphic systems are inspired by the brain''s efficient data-driven communication design, which is key to its quick responses and remarkable capabilities. This cross-disciplinary text establishes how circuit building blocks are combined in architectures to construct complete systems. These include vision and auditory sensors as well as neuronal processing and learning circuits that implement models of nervous systems. Techniques for building multi-chip scalable systems are considered throughout the book, including methods for dealing with transistor mismatch, extensive discussions of communication and interfacing, and making systems that operate in the real world. The book also provides historical context that helps relate the architectures and circuits to each other and that guides readers to the exTable of ContentsList of Contributors xv Foreword xvii Acknowledgments xix List of Abbreviations and Acronyms xxi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Origins and Historical Context 3 1.2 Building Useful Neuromorphic Systems 5 References 5 Part I UNDERSTANDING NEUROMORPHIC SYSTEMS 7 2 Communication 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Address-Event Representation 12 2.2.1 AER Encoders 13 2.2.2 Arbitration Mechanisms 13 2.2.3 Encoding Mechanisms 17 2.2.4 Multiple AER Endpoints 19 2.2.5 Address Mapping 19 2.2.6 Routing 19 2.3 Considerations for AER Link Design 20 2.3.1 Trade-off: Dynamic or Static Allocation 21 2.3.2 Trade-off: Arbitered Access or Collisions? 23 2.3.3 Trade-off: Queueing versus Dropping Spikes 24 2.3.4 Predicting Throughput Requirements 25 2.3.5 Design Trade-offs 27 2.4 The Evolution of AER Links 28 2.4.1 Single Sender, Single Receiver 28 2.4.2 Multiple Senders, Multiple Receivers 30 2.4.3 Parallel Signal Protocol 31 2.4.4 Word-Serial Addressing 32 2.4.5 Serial Differential Signaling 33 2.5 Discussion 34 References 35 3 Silicon Retinas 37 3.1 Introduction 37 3.2 Biological Retinas 38 3.3 Silicon Retinas with Serial Analog Output 39 3.4 Asynchronous Event-Based Pixel Output Versus Synchronous Frames 40 3.5 AER Retinas 40 3.5.1 Dynamic Vision Sensor 41 3.5.2 Asynchronous Time-Based Image Sensor 46 3.5.3 Asynchronous Parvo–Magno Retina Model 46 3.5.4 Event-Based Intensity-Coding Imagers (Octopus and TTFS) 48 3.5.5 Spatial Contrast and Orientation Vision Sensor (VISe) 50 3.6 Silicon Retina Pixels 54 3.6.1 DVS Pixel 54 3.6.2 ATIS Pixel 56 3.6.3 VISe Pixel 58 3.6.4 Octopus Pixel 59 3.7 New Specifications for Silicon Retinas 60 3.7.1 DVS Response Uniformity 60 3.7.2 DVS Background Activity 62 3.7.3 DVS Dynamic Range 62 3.7.4 DVS Latency and Jitter 63 3.8 Discussion 64 References 67 4 Silicon Cochleas 71 4.1 Introduction 72 4.2 Cochlea Architectures 75 4.2.1 Cascaded 1D 76 4.2.2 Basic 1D Silicon Cochlea 77 4.2.3 2D Architecture 78 4.2.4 The Resistive (Conductive) Network 79 4.2.5 The BM Resonators 80 4.2.6 The 2D Silicon Cochlea Model 80 4.2.7 Adding the Active Nonlinear Behavior of the OHCs 82 4.3 Spike-Based Cochleas 83 4.3.1 Q-control of AEREAR2 Filters 85 4.3.2 Applications: Spike-Based Auditory Processing 86 4.4 Tree Diagram 87 4.5 Discussion 87 References 89 5 Locomotion Motor Control 91 5.1 Introduction 92 5.1.1 Determining Functional Biological Elements 92 5.1.2 Rhythmic Motor Patterns 93 5.2 Modeling Neural Circuits in Locomotor Control 95 5.2.1 Describing Locomotor Behavior 96 5.2.2 Fictive Analysis 97 5.2.3 Connection Models 99 5.2.4 Basic CPG Construction 100 5.2.5 Neuromorphic Architectures 102 5.3 Neuromorphic CPGs at Work 108 5.3.1 A Neuroprosthesis: Control of Locomotion in Vivo 109 5.3.2 Walking Robots 111 5.3.3 Modeling Intersegmental Coordination 112 5.4 Discussion 113 References 115 6 Learning in Neuromorphic Systems 119 6.1 Introduction: Synaptic Connections, Memory, and Learning 120 6.2 Retaining Memories in Neuromorphic Hardware 121 6.2.1 The Problem of Memory Maintenance: Intuition 121 6.2.2 The Problem of Memory Maintenance: Quantitative Analysis 122 6.2.3 Solving the Problem of Memory Maintenance 124 6.3 Storing Memories in Neuromorphic Hardware 128 6.3.1 Synaptic Models for Learning 128 6.3.2 Implementing a Synaptic Model in Neuromorphic Hardware 132 6.4 Toward Associative Memories in Neuromorphic Hardware 136 6.4.1 Memory Retrieval in Attractor Neural Networks 137 6.4.2 Issues 142 6.5 Attractor States in a Neuromorphic Chip 143 6.5.1 Memory Retrieval 143 6.5.2 Learning Visual Stimuli in Real Time 145 6.6 Discussion 148 References 149 Part II BUILDING NEUROMORPHIC SYSTEMS 153 7 Silicon Neurons 155 7.1 Introduction 156 7.2 Silicon Neuron Circuit Blocks 158 7.2.1 Conductance Dynamics 158 7.2.2 Spike-Event Generation 159 7.2.3 Spiking Thresholds and Refractory Periods 161 7.2.4 Spike-Frequency Adaptation and Adaptive Thresholds 162 7.2.5 Axons and Dendritic Trees 164 7.2.6 Additional Useful Building Blocks 165 7.3 Silicon Neuron Implementations 166 7.3.1 Subthreshold Biophysically Realistic Models 166 7.3.2 Compact I&F Circuits for Event-Based Systems 169 7.3.3 Generalized I&F Neuron Circuits 170 7.3.4 Above Threshold, Accelerated-Time, and Switched-Capacitor Designs 174 7.4 Discussion 176 References 180 8 Silicon Synapses 185 8.1 Introduction 186 8.2 Silicon Synapse Implementations 188 8.2.1 Non Conductance-Based Circuits 188 8.2.2 Conductance-Based Circuits 198 8.2.3 NMDA Synapse 200 8.3 Dynamic Plastic Synapses 201 8.3.1 Short-Term Plasticity 201 8.3.2 Long-Term Plasticity 203 8.4 Discussion 213 References 215 9 Silicon Cochlea Building Blocks 219 9.1 Introduction 219 9.2 Voltage-Domain Second-Order Filter 220 9.2.1 Transconductance Amplifier 220 9.2.2 Second-Order Low-Pass Filter 222 9.2.3 Stability of the Filter 223 9.2.4 Stabilised Second-Order Low-Pass Filter 225 9.2.5 Differentiation 225 9.3 Current-Domain Second-Order Filter 227 9.3.1 The Translinear Loop 227 9.3.2 Second-Order Tau Cell Log-Domain Filter 229 9.4 Exponential Bias Generation 230 9.5 The Inner Hair Cell Model 233 9.6 Discussion 234 References 234 10 Programmable and Configurable Analog Neuromorphic ICs 237 10.1 Introduction 238 10.2 Floating-Gate Circuit Basics 238 10.3 Floating-Gate Circuits Enabling Capacitive Circuits 238 10.4 Modifying Floating-Gate Charge 242 10.4.1 Electron Tunneling 242 10.4.2 pFET Hot-Electron Injection 242 10.5 Accurate Programming of Programmable Analog Devices 244 10.6 Scaling of Programmable Analog Approaches 246 10.7 Low-Power Analog Signal Processing 247 10.8 Low-Power Comparisons to Digital Approaches: Analog Computing in Memory 249 10.9 Analog Programming at Digital Complexity: Large-Scale Field Programmable Analog Arrays 251 10.10 Applications of Complex Analog Signal Processing 253 10.10.1 Analog Transform Imagers 253 10.10.2 Adaptive Filters and Classifiers 253 10.11 Discussion 256 References 257 11 Bias Generator Circuits 261 11.1 Introduction 261 11.2 Bias Generator Circuits 263 11.2.1 Bootstrapped Current Mirror Master Bias Current Reference 263 11.2.2 Master Bias Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) 265 11.2.3 Stability of the Master Bias 265 11.2.4 Master Bias Startup and Power Control 266 11.2.5 Current Splitters: Obtaining a Digitally Controlled Fraction of the Master Current 267 11.2.6 Achieving Fine Monotonic Resolution of Bias Currents 271 11.2.7 Using Coarse–Fine Range Selection 273 11.2.8 Shifted-Source Biasing for Small Currents 274 11.2.9 Buffering and Bypass Decoupling of Individual Biases 275 11.2.10 A General Purpose Bias Buffer Circuit 278 11.2.11 Protecting Bias Splitter Currents from Parasitic Photocurrents 279 11.3 Overall Bias Generator Architecture Including External Controller 279 11.4 Typical Characteristics 280 11.5 Design Kits 281 11.6 Discussion 282 References 282 12 On-Chip AER Communication Circuits 285 12.1 Introduction 286 12.1.1 Communication Cycle 286 12.1.2 Speedup in Communication 287 12.2 AER Transmitter Blocks 289 12.2.1 AER Circuits within a Pixel 289 12.2.2 Arbiter 290 12.2.3 Other AER Blocks 295 12.2.4 Combined Operation 297 12.3 AER Receiver Blocks 298 12.3.1 Chip-Level Handshaking Block 298 12.3.2 Decoder 299 12.3.3 Handshaking Circuits in Receiver Pixel 300 12.3.4 Pulse Extender Circuits 301 12.3.5 Receiver Array Peripheral Handshaking Circuits 301 12.4 Discussion 302 References 303 13 Hardware Infrastructure 305 13.1 Introduction 306 13.1.1 Monitoring AER Events 307 13.1.2 Sequencing AER Events 311 13.1.3 Mapping AER Events 313 13.2 Hardware Infrastructure Boards for Small Systems 316 13.2.1 Silicon Cortex 316 13.2.2 Centralized Communication 317 13.2.3 Composable Architecture Solution 318 13.2.4 Daisy-Chain Architecture 324 13.2.5 Interfacing Boards using Serial AER 324 13.2.6 Reconfigurable Mesh-Grid Architecture 328 13.3 Medium-Scale Multichip Systems 329 13.3.1 Octopus Retina + IFAT 329 13.3.2 Multichip Orientation System 332 13.3.3 CAVIAR 335 13.4 FPGAs 340 13.5 Discussion 342 References 345 14 Software Infrastructure 349 14.1 Introduction 349 14.1.1 Importance of Cross-Community Commonality 350 14.2 Chip and System Description Software 350 14.2.1 Extensible Markup Language 351 14.2.2 NeuroML 351 14.3 Configuration Software 352 14.4 Address Event Stream Handling Software 352 14.4.1 Field-Programmable Gate Arrays 353 14.4.2 Structure of AE Stream Handling Software 353 14.4.3 Bandwidth and Latency 353 14.4.4 Optimization 354 14.4.5 Application Programming Interface 355 14.4.6 Network Transport of AE Streams 355 14.5 Mapping Software 356 14.6 Software Examples 357 14.6.1 ChipDatabase – A System for Tuning Neuromorphic aVLSI Chips 357 14.6.2 Spike Toolbox 359 14.6.3 jAER 359 14.6.4 Python and PyNN 360 14.7 Discussion 363 References 363 15 Algorithmic Processing of Event Streams 365 15.1 Introduction 365 15.2 Requirements for Software Infrastructure 367 15.2.1 Processing Latency 369 15.3 Embedded Implementations 369 15.4 Examples of Algorithms 370 15.4.1 Noise Reduction Filters 370 15.4.2 Time-Stamp Maps and Subsampling by Bit-Shifting Addresses 372 15.4.3 Event Labelers as Low-Level Feature Detectors 372 15.4.4 Visual Trackers 374 15.4.5 Event-Based Audio Processing 378 15.5 Discussion 379 References 379 16 Towards Large-Scale Neuromorphic Systems 381 16.1 Introduction 381 16.2 Large-Scale System Examples 382 16.2.1 Spiking Neural Network Architecture 382 16.2.2 Hierarchical AER 384 16.2.3 Neurogrid 386 16.2.4 High Input Count Analog Neural Network System 388 16.3 Discussion 390 References 391 17 The Brain as Potential Technology 393 17.1 Introduction 393 17.2 The Nature of Neuronal Computation: Principles of Brain Technology 395 17.3 Approaches to Understanding Brains 396 17.4 Some Principles of Brain Construction and Function 398 17.5 An Example Model of Neural Circuit Processing 400 17.6 Toward Neuromorphic Cognition 402 References 404 Index 407

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Book SynopsisTo develop information processing systems requires effective and efficient communication between many people. In order to understand requirements and design decisions, there is a need for a common conceptual model of the system: one that represents the architecture of the system.Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. 1 Introduction. 1.1 The need for communication. 1.2 The FMC Idea. 1.3 Outline of this book. 2 Compositional Structures. 2.1 An example: The travel agency. 2.2 Modeling the structure of a system. 2.3 Agents accessing storages. 2.4 Agents communicate via channels. 2.5 Summary. 2.6 Exercises. 3 Dynamic Structures. 3.1 Petrinets: Basic principles. 3.2 Conflicts and conditions. 3.3 Basic patterns. 3.4 Responsibilities and scope boundaries. 3.5 Summary. 3.6 Exercises. 4 Value Structures and Mind Maps. 4.1 Entity sets and relationships. 4.2 Cardinalities. 4.3 Predicates and roles. 4.4 Partitions. 4.5 Reification. 4.6 Summary. 4.7 Exercises. 5 FMC Basics: Summary. 6 Reinforcing the Concepts. 6.1 The meta model: A mind map to FMC. 6.2 Operational versus control state. 6.3 Block diagrams: Advanced concepts. 6.4 Petrinets: Advanced concepts. 6.5 Non-hierarchical transformations and semantic layers. 6.6 Exercises. 7 Towards Implementation Structures. 7.1 System structure versus software structure. 7.2 From Processor to processes. 7.3 Distribution, concurrency and synchronization. 7.4 From FMC to objects and classes. 7.5 Conceptual patterns versus software patterns. 8 Applying FMC in Your Daily Work. 8.1 Becoming comfortable with FMC. 8.2 Describing existing systems with FMC. 8.3 Using FMC in construction. 8.4 Using FMCdiagrams to support communication. 8.5 Guidelines for didactical modeling. 8.6 Cost and benefit of modeling. 9 Modeling and Visualization Guidelines. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Increasingt he reader’s perception. 9.3 Increasing comprehension. 9.4 Secondary notation, patterns and pitfalls. 10 Relationship with Other Modeling Approaches. 10.1 Comparing FMC with Structured Analysis. 10.2 FMC and the Unified Modeling Language. 11 A System of Server Patterns 247 11.1 Applicationdomain. 11.2 A pattern language for request processing servers. 11.3 Example applications. 11.4 Conclusion and further research. Epilogue. A Solutions. B Reference Sheets. C Glossary. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisOffering a deep insight into the venture capital deal-making process, Raising Venture Capital also provides valuable introduction to the subject. The book is practical in focus but based on sound academic theory, research and teaching materials gathered over the last 4 years at Tanaka Business School.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Part I The Business of Venture Capital 1 1 Entrepreneurs and Venture Capitalists 3 2 Other People’s Money 9 3 The Limited Partnership 15 4 The Competitive Environment 25 5 The VC's Investment Model 31 Part II Accessing Venture Capital 49 6 Introduction to Part II 51 7 Is Venture Capital the Right Option? 53 8 Choosing a VC Firm 59 9 The Entry Point 65 10 The Investment Process 71 11 Preparing for the Investment Process 81 Part III The VC Term Sheet 99 12 Introduction to Term Sheets 101 13 Business Valuation 121 14 Investment Structure 123 15 Syndication 125 16 Investment Milestones 129 17 Corporate Governance 139 18 Equity Participation 147 19 Share Incentives 169 20 Share Vesting 175 21 Pre-emption Rights on Securities Issues 185 22 Anti-dilution Rights 191 23 Provisions Relating to Share Transfers 203 24 Deal Management Terms 219 Index 229

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Book SynopsisGain the knowledge and tools to deliver compelling mobile phone applications. Mobile and wireless application design is complex and challenging.Table of ContentsPreface. About the Author. 1 Introduction: Mobility is Different. 1.1 Mobilizing Applications. 1.2 What is ‘Mobile’ Anyhow? 1.3 The Carry Principle. 1.4 Components of a Mobile Application. 1.5 About This Book. 2 Mobile Users in the Wild. 2.1 Mobile User Characteristics. 2.2 Groups and Tribes. 2.3 International Differences. 3 Mobile Devices. 3.1 A Device Taxonomy. 3.2 Anatomy of the PCD. 4 Selecting Application Technologies. 4.1 Input Modalities. 4.2 Interaction Responsiveness. 4.3 Data Storage Locations. 4.4 Display Modality. 4.5 Supplemental Technologies. 4.6 Distribution Methods. 4.7 Other Concerns. 4.8 Platforms. 5 Mobile Design Principles. 5.1 Mobilize, Don’t Miniaturize. 5.2 User Context. 5.3 Handling Device Proliferation. 5.4 Emulators and Simulators. 5.5 Detailed Design Recommendations. 6 Mobile User Interface Design Patterns. 6.1 About User Interface Patterns. 6.2 Screen Design. 6.3 Application Navigation. 6.4 Application Management. 6.5 Advertising. 7 Graphic and Media Design. 7.1 Composition for the Small Screen. 7.2 Video and Animation. 7.3 Sound. 7.4 Streaming versus Downloaded Content. 7.5 Managing Media: Meta Data. 8 Industry Players. 8.1 Carriers (Operators). 8.2 Device Manufacturers. 8.3 Technology and Platform Providers. 8.4 Application and Content Developers. 8.5 Content Distributors. 8.6 Industry Associations. 8.7 Government. 9 Research and Design Process. 9.1 Mobile Research Challenges. 9.2 User Research. 9.3 Design Phase Testing. 9.4 Application Usability Testing. 9.5 Market Acceptance (beta) Testing. 10 Example Application: Traveler Tool. 10.1 User Requirements. 10.2 Product Requirements. 10.3 High-level Design Concepts. 10.4 Detailed Design Plan. Appendices. A: Mobile Markup Languages. B: Domain Names. C: Minimum Object Resolution. D: Opt-In and Opt-Out. E: Mobile Companies. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis innovative book provides a completely fresh exploration of bioinformatics, investigating its complex interrelationship with biology and computer science. It approaches bioinformatics from a unique perspective, highlighting interdisciplinary gaps that often trap the unwary.Table of ContentsPreface x Acknowledgements xvii About the companion website xviii PART 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Overview 3 1.2 Bioinformatics 3 1.2.1 What is bioinformatics? 3 1.2.2 The provenance of bioinformatics 4 1.2.3 The seeds of bioinformatics 5 1.3 Computer Science 7 1.3.1 Origins of computer science 7 1.3.2 Computer science meets bioinformatics 9 1.4 What did we want to do with bioinformatics? 10 1.5 Summary 12 1.6 References 13 1.7 Quiz 14 1.8 Problems 16 2 The biological context 17 2.1 Overview 17 2.2 Biological data]types and concepts 17 2.2.1 Diversity of biological data]types 17 2.2.2 The central dogma 18 2.2.3 Fundamental building]blocks and alphabets 19 2.2.4 The protein structure hierarchy 29 2.2.5 RNA processing in prokaryotes and eukaryotes 30 2.2.6 The genetic code 33 2.2.7 Conceptual translation and gene finding 35 2.3 Access to whole genomes 42 2.4 Summary 43 2.5 References 43 2.6 Quiz 46 2.7 Problems 47 3 Biological databases 49 3.1 Overview 49 3.2 What kinds of database are there? 49 3.3 The Protein Data Bank (PDB) 50 3.4 The EMBL nucleotide sequence data library 56 3.5 GenBank 58 3.6 The PIR]PSD 61 3.7 Swiss]Prot 62 3.8 PROSITE 64 3.9 TrEMBL 69 3.10 InterPro 71 3.11 UniProt 73 3.12 The European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) 77 3.13 Summary 81 3.14 References 82 3.15 Quiz 85 3.16 Problems 87 4 Biological sequence analysis 89 4.1 Overview 89 4.2 Adding meaning to raw sequence data 89 4.2.1 Annotating raw sequence data 94 4.2.2 Database and sequence formats 96 4.2.3 Making tools and databases interoperate 101 4.3 Tools for deriving sequence annotations 103 4.3.1 Methods for comparing two sequences 103 4.3.2 The PAM and BLOSUM matrices 104 4.3.3 Tools for global and local alignment 110 4.3.4 Tools for comparing multiple sequences 114 4.3.5 Alignment]based analysis methods 115 4.4 Summary 131 4.5 References 132 4.6 Quiz 134 4.7 Problems 136 5 The gap 138 5.1 Overview 138 5.2 Bioinformatics in the 21st century 138 5.3 Problems with genes 139 5.4 Problems with names 142 5.5 Problems with sequences 143 5.6 Problems with database entries 146 5.6.1 Problems with database entry formats 147 5.7 Problems with structures 148 5.8 Problems with alignments 150 5.8.1 Different methods, different results 150 5.8.2 What properties do my sequences share? 154 5.8.3 How similar are my sequences? 157 5.8.4 How good is my alignment? 160 5.9 Problems with families 163 5.10 Problems with functions 168 5.11 Functions of domains, modules and their parent proteins 173 5.12 Defining and describing functions 176 5.13 Summary 179 5.14 References 180 5.15 Quiz 182 5.16 Problems 183 PART 2 6 Algorithms and complexity 187 6.1 Overview 187 6.2 Introduction to algorithms 187 6.2.1 Mathematical computability 189 6.3 Working with computers 191 6.3.1 Discretisation of solutions 191 6.3.2 When computers go bad 193 6.4 Evaluating algorithms 197 6.4.1 An example: a sorting algorithm 197 6.4.2 Resource scarcity: complexity of algorithms 199 6.4.3 Choices, choices 200 6.5 Data structures 201 6.5.1 Structural consequences 202 6.5.2 Marrying form and function 210 6.6 Implementing algorithms 211 6.6.1 Programming paradigm 212 6.6.2 Choice of language 214 6.6.3 Mechanical optimisation 216 6.6.4 Parallelisation 224 6.7 Summary 227 6.8 References 227 6.9 Quiz 227 6.10 Problems 229 7 Representation and meaning 230 7.1 Overview 230 7.2 Introduction 230 7.3 Identification 233 7.3.1 Namespaces 233 7.3.2 Meaningless identifiers are a good thing 233 7.3.3 Identifying things on the Web 236 7.3.4 Cool URIs don’t change 238 7.3.5 Versioning and provenance 238 7.3.6 Case studies 239 7.4 Representing data 243 7.4.1 Design for change 245 7.4.2 Contemporary data]representation paradigms 247 7.5 Giving meaning to data 255 7.5.1 Bio ontologies in practice 260 7.5.2 First invent the universe 263 7.6 Web services 264 7.6.1 The architecture of the Web 266 7.6.2 Statelessness 267 7.7 Action at a distance 268 7.7.1 SOAP and WSDL 270 7.7.2 HTTP as an API 270 7.7.3 Linked Data 272 7.8 Summary 275 7.9 References 275 7.10 Quiz 276 7.11 Problems 277 8 Linking data and scientific literature 279 8.1 Overview 279 8.2 Introduction 279 8.3 The lost steps of curators 281 8.4 A historical perspective on scientific literature 286 8.5 The gulf between human and machine comprehension 288 8.6 Research objects 295 8.7 Data publishing 297 8.8 Separating scientific wheat from chaff – towards semantic searches 298 8.9 Semantic publication 300 8.9.1 Making articles ‘semantic’ 301 8.10 Linking articles with their cognate data 305 8.10.1 What Utopia Documents does 305 8.10.2 A case study 306 8.11 Summary 314 8.12 References 315 8.13 Quiz 318 8.14 Problems 319 Afterword 321 Glossary 327 Quiz Answers 371 Problem Answers 378 Index 394

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Book SynopsisBringing together the results of more than 300 new design studies, an understanding of people, knowledge of hardware and software capabilities, and the author's practical experience gained from 45 years of work with display-based systems, this book addresses interface and screen design from the user's perspective. You will learn how to create an effective design methodology, design and organize screens and Web pages that encourage efficient comprehension and execution, and create screen icons and graphics that make displays easier and more comfortable to use.Table of ContentsAbout the Author v Preface xix Acknowledgments xxvii Part 1 The User Interface—An Introduction and Overview 1 Chapter 1 The Importance of the User Interface 3 Defining the User Interface 4 The Importance of Good Design 4 The Benefits of Good Design 5 A Brief History of the Human-Computer Interface 7 Introduction of the Graphical User Interface 7 The Blossoming of the World Wide Web 8 A Brief History of Screen Design 10 What’s Next? 12 Chapter 2 Characteristics of Graphical and Web User Interfaces 13 Interaction Styles 13 Command Line 14 Menu Selection 14 Form Fill-in 14 Direct Manipulation 15 Anthropomorphic 15 The Graphical User Interface 16 The Popularity of Graphics 16 The Concept of Direct Manipulation 17 Graphical Systems: Advantages and Disadvantages 19 Characteristics of the Graphical User Interface 24 The Web User Interface 28 The Popularity of the Web 29 Characteristics of a Web Interface 29 The Merging of Graphical Business Systems and the Web 39 Characteristics of an Intranet versus the Internet 39 Extranets 40 Web Page versus Application Design 40 Principles of User Interface Design 44 Principles for the Xerox STAR 44 General Principles 45 Part 1 Exercise 58 What’s Next? 58 Part 2 The User Interface Design Process 59 Obstacles and Pitfalls in the Development Path 59 Designing for People: The Seven Commandments 60 Usability 64 Usability Assessment in the Design Process 65 Common Usability Problems 65 Some Practical Measures of Usability 68 Some Objective Measures of Usability 69 Step 1 Know Your User or Client 71 Understanding How People Interact with Computers 71 The Human Action Cycle 72 Why People Have Trouble with Computers 73 Responses to Poor Design 74 People and Their Tasks 76 Important Human Characteristics in Design 76 Perception 76 Memory 78 Sensory Storage 79 Visual Acuity 80 Foveal and Peripheral Vision 81 Information Processing 81 Mental Models 82 Movement Control 83 Learning 83 Skill 84 Performance Load 84 Individual Differences 85 Human Considerations in the Design of Business Systems 87 The User’s Knowledge and Experience 87 The User’s Tasks and Needs 92 The User’s Psychological Characteristics 95 The User’s Physical Characteristics 96 Human Interaction Speeds 100 Performance versus Preference 101 Methods for Gaining an Understanding of Users 102 Step 1 Exercise 102 Step 2 Understand the Business Function 103 Business Definition and Requirements Analysis 104 Information Collection Techniques 104 Defining the Domain 112 Considering the Environment 112 Possible Problems in Requirements Collection 113 Determining Basic Business Functions 113 Understanding the User’s Work 114 Developing Conceptual Models 115 The User’s New Mental Model 120 Design Standards or Style Guides 120 Value of Standards and Guidelines 121 Customized Style Guides 124 Design Support and Implementation 125 System Training and Documentation Needs 125 Training 126 Documentation 126 Step 2 Exercise 126 Step 3 Understand the Principles of Good Interface and Screen Design 127 Human Considerations in Interface and Screen Design 128 How to Discourage the User 128 What Users Want 130 What Users Do 130 Interface Design Goals 131 The Test for a Good Design 132 Screen and Web Page Meaning and Purpose 132 Organizing Elements Clearly and Meaningfully 133 Consistency 133 Starting Point 135 Ordering of Data and Content 136 Navigation and Flow 139 Visually Pleasing Composition 141 Distinctiveness 161 Focus and Emphasis 162 Conveying Depth of Levels or a Three-Dimensional Appearance 165 Presenting Information Simply and Meaningfully 168 Application and Page Size 178 Application Screen Elements 184 Organization and Structure Guidelines 220 The Web — Web sites and Web Pages 230 Intranet Design Guidelines 258 Extranet Design Guidelines 259 Small Screens 259 Weblogs 260 Statistical Graphics 261 Types of Statistical Graphics 273 Flow Charts 283 Technological Considerations in Interface Design 284 Graphical Systems 284 Web Systems 287 The User Technology Profile Circa 2006 292 Examples of Screens 293 Example 1 293 Example 2 297 Example 3 300 Example 4 301 Example 5 302 Example 6 303 Example 7 305 Step 3 Exercise 306 Step 4 Develop System Menus and Navigation Schemes 307 Structures of Menus 308 Single Menus 308 Sequential Linear Menus 309 Simultaneous Menus 309 Hierarchical or Sequential Menus 310 Connected Menus 311 Event-Trapping Menus 313 Functions of Menus 313 Navigation to a New Menu 314 Execute an Action or Procedure 314 Displaying Information 314 Data or Parameter Input 314 Content of Menus 314 Menu Context 315 Menu Title 315 Choice Descriptions 315 Completion Instructions 315 Formatting of Menus 315 Consistency 316 Display 316 Presentation 316 Organization 317 Complexity 320 Item Arrangement 321 Ordering 321 Groupings 323 Selection Support Menus 325 Phrasing the Menu 328 Menu Titles 329 Menu Choice Descriptions 330 Menu Instructions 332 Intent Indicators 332 Keyboard Shortcuts 333 Selecting Menu Choices 337 Initial Cursor Positioning 337 Choice Selection 338 Defaults 339 Unavailable Choices 340 Mark Toggles or Settings 340 Toggled Menu Items 341 Web Site Navigation 342 Web Site Navigation Problems 343 Web Site Navigation Goals 344 Web Site Navigation Design 345 Maintaining a Sense of Place 367 Kinds of Graphical Menus 369 Menu Bar 369 Pull-Down Menu 371 Cascading Menus 375 Pop-Up Menus 377 Tear-Off Menus 379 Iconic Menus 380 Pie Menus 380 Graphical Menu Examples 382 Example 1 382 Step 5 Select the Proper Kinds of Windows 385 Window Characteristics 385 The Attraction of Windows 386 Constraints in Window System Design 388 Components of a Window 390 Frame 390 Title Bar 391 Title Bar Icon 391 Window Sizing Buttons 392 What’s This? Button 393 Menu Bar 393 Status Bar 394 Scroll Bars 394 Split Box 394 Toolbar 394 Command Area 395 Size Grip 395 Work Area 395 Window Presentation Styles 395 Tiled Windows 396 Overlapping Windows 397 Cascading Windows 398 Picking a Presentation Style 399 Types of Windows 399 Primary Window 400 Secondary Windows 401 Dialog Boxes 407 Property Sheets and Property Inspectors 408 Message Boxes 411 Palette Windows 413 Pop-Up Windows 413 Organizing Window Functions 414 Window Organization 414 Number of Windows 415 Sizing Windows 416 Window Placement 417 The Web and the Browser 419 Browser Components 419 Step 5 Exercise 422 Step 6 Select the Proper Interaction Devices 423 Input Devices 423 Characteristics of Input Devices 424 Other Input Devices 436 Selecting the Proper Input Device 436 Output Devices 440 Screens 440 Speakers 441 Step 6 Exercise 441 Step 7 Choose the Proper Screen-Based Controls 443 Operable Controls 445 Buttons 445 Text Entry/Read-Only Controls 461 Text Boxes 461 Selection Controls 468 Radio Buttons 468 Check Boxes 478 Palettes 488 List Boxes 493 List View Controls 503 Drop-Down/Pop-Up List Boxes 503 Combination Entry/Selection Controls 509 Spin Boxes 509 Combo Boxes 512 Drop-Down/Pop-Up Combo Boxes 514 Other Operable Controls 517 Slider 517 Tabs 521 Date-Picker 524 Tree View 525 Scroll Bars 526 Custom Controls 531 Presentation Controls 531 Static Text Fields 532 Group Boxes 533 Column Headings 534 ToolTips 535 Balloon Tips 537 Progress Indicators 539 Sample Box 540 Scrolling Tickers 542 Selecting the Proper Controls 542 Entry versus Selection — A Comparison 543 Comparison of GUI Controls 544 Control Selection Criteria 547 Choosing a Control Form 548 Examples 552 Example 1 552 Example 2 553 Example 3 556 Example 4 557 Example 5 558 Example 6 559 Step 7 Exercise 561 Step 8 Write Clear Text and Messages 563 Words, Sentences, Messages, and Text 564 Readability 564 Choosing the Proper Words 565 Writing Sentences and Messages 568 Kinds of Messages 570 Presenting and Writing Text 578 Window Title, Conventions, and Sequence Control Guidance 582 Content and Text for Web Pages 584 Words 584 Page Text 585 Page Title 589 Headings and Headlines 589 Instructions 590 Error Messages 590 Step 8 Exercise 591 Step 9 Provide Effective Feedback and Guidance and Assistance 593 Providing the Proper Feedback 594 Response Time 594 Dealing with Time Delays 598 Blinking for Attention 601 Use of Sound 602 Guidance and Assistance 603 Preventing Errors 603 Problem Management 604 Providing Guidance and Assistance 606 Instructions or Prompting 608 Help Facility 608 Contextual Help 613 Task-Oriented Help 617 Reference Help 619 Wizards 620 Hints or Tips 622 Step 9 Exercise 623 Step 10 Provide Effective Internationalization and Accessibility 625 International Considerations 626 Localization 626 Cultural Considerations 627 Words and Text 628 Images and Symbols 631 Color, Sequence, and Functionality 633 Requirements Determination and Testing 635 Accessibility 635 Types of Disabilities 636 Accessibility Design 636 Step 10 Exercise 650 Step 11 Create Meaningful Graphics, Icons, and Images 651 Icons 652 Kinds of Icons 652 Characteristics of Icons 654 Influences on Icon Usability 654 Choosing Icons 657 Choosing Icon Images 659 Creating Icon Images 659 Drawing Icon Images 664 Icon Animation and Audition 665 The Icon Design Process 667 Screen Presentation 667 Multimedia 669 Graphics 669 Images 671 Photographs/Pictures 676 Video 677 Diagrams 678 Drawings 681 Animation 681 Audition 683 Combining Mediums 686 Step 11 Exercise 689 Step 12 Choose the Proper Colors 691 Color — What Is It? 692 RGB 694 HSV 694 Dithering 694 Color Uses 695 Color as a Formatting Aid 695 Color as a Visual Code 696 Other Color Uses 696 Possible Problems with Color 696 High Attention-Getting Capacity 696 Interference with Use of Other Screens 697 Varying Sensitivity of the Eye to Different Colors 697 Color-Viewing Deficiencies 697 Color Connotations 698 Cross-Disciplinary and Cross-Cultural Differences 700 Color — What the Research Shows 700 Color and Human Vision 701 The Lens 701 The Retina 701 Choosing Colors 702 Choosing Colors for Categories of Information 703 Colors in Context 703 Usage 704 Discrimination and Harmony 704 Emphasis 706 Common Meanings 706 Location 707 Ordering 708 Foregrounds and Backgrounds 708 Three-Dimensional Look 709 Color Palette, Defaults, and Customization 710 Grayscale 711 Text in Color 712 Monochromatic Screens 712 Consistency 713 Considerations for People with Color-Viewing Deficiencies 713 Cultural, Disciplinary, and Accessibility Considerations 714 Choosing Colors for Textual Graphic Screens 714 Effective Foreground/Background Combinations 714 Choose the Background First 717 Maximum of Four Colors 717 Use Colors in Toolbars Sparingly 718 Test the Colors 718 Choosing Colors for Statistical Graphics Screens 718 Emphasis 718 Number of Colors 718 Backgrounds 719 Size 719 Status 719 Measurements and Area-Fill Patterns 719 Physical Impressions 720 Choosing Colors for Web Pages 721 Uses of Color to Avoid 723 Step 12 Exercise 725 Step 13 Organize and Layout Windows and Pages 727 Organizing and Laying Out Screens 728 General Guidelines 728 Organization Guidelines 729 Control Navigation 748 Window Guidelines 749 Web Page Guidelines 750 Screen Examples 761 Example 1 761 Example 2 762 Step 14 Test, Test, and Retest 767 Usability 768 The Purpose of Usability Testing 768 The Importance of Usability Testing 769 Scope of Testing 770 Prototypes 771 Hand Sketches and Scenarios 772 Interactive Paper Prototypes 774 Programmed Facades 775 Prototype-Oriented Languages 776 Comparisons of Prototypes 776 Kinds of Tests 777 Guidelines and Standards Review 779 Heuristic Evaluation 780 Cognitive Walk-Throughs 786 Think-Aloud Evaluations 788 Usability Test 789 Classic Experiments 790 Focus Groups 791 Choosing a Testing Method 792 Developing and Conducting a Test 795 The Test Plan 795 Test Conduct and Data Collection 803 Analyze, Modify, and Retest 806 Evaluate the Working System 807 Additional Reading 809 A Final Word 810 References 811 Index 835

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Book SynopsisThe book is designed to be accessible to motivated IT professionals who want to learn more about the specific attacks covered. In particular, every effort has been made to keep the chapters independent, so if someone is interested in has function cryptanalysis or RSA timing attacks, they do not necessarily need to study all of the previous material in the text. This would be particularly valuable to working professionals who might want to use the book as a way to quickly gain some depth on one specific topic.Trade Review"…a very good book for students and people who want to learn some real cryptanalysis…" (Computing Reviews.com, October 1, 2007) "…this is not a book to be merely read or studied, but a field manual to be followed." (Computing Reviews.com, August 14, 2007)Table of ContentsPreface. About The Authors . Acknowledgments. 1. Classic Ciphers. 1.1 Introduction . 1.2 Good Guys and Bad Guys. 1.3 Terminology . 1.4 Selected Classic Crypto Topics. 1.4.1 Transposition Ciphers . 1.4.2 Substitution Ciphers. 1.4.3 One-Time Pad . 1.4.4 Codebook Ciphers . 1.5 Summary. 1.6 Problems . 2. World War II Ciphers. 2.1 Introduction . 2.2 Enigma . 2.2.1 Enigma Cipher Machine . 2.2.2 Enigma Keyspace . 2.2.3 Rotors . 2.2.4 Enigma Attack . 2.2.5 More Secure Enigma. 2.3 Purple. 2.3.1 Purple Cipher Machine . 2.3.2 Purple Keyspace . 2.3.3 Purple Diagnosis . 2.3.4 Decrypting Purple. 2.3.5 Purple versus Enigma . 2.4 Sigaba . 2.4.1 Sigaba Cipher Machine. 2.4.2 Sigaba Keyspace . 2.4.3 Sigaba Attack . 2.4.4 Sigaba Conclusion . 2.5 Summary . 2.6 Problems . 3. Stream Ciphers. 3.1 Introduction . 3.2 Shift Registers . 3.2.1 Berlekamp-Massey Algorithm . 3.2.2 Cryptographically Strong Sequences . 3.2.3 Shift Register-Based Stream Ciphers. 3.2.4 Correlation Attack. 3.3 ORYX . 3.3.1 ORYX Cipher. 3.3.2 ORYX Attack. 3.3.3 Secure ORYX. 3.4 RC4. 3.4.1 RC4 Algorithm . 3.4.2 RC4 Attack . 3.4.3 Preventing the RC4 Attack. 3.5 PKZIP. 3.5.1 PKZIP Cipher. 3.5.2 PKZIP Attack. 3.5.3 Improved PKZIP. 3.6 Summary. 3.7 Problems. 4. Block Ciphers. 4.1 Introduction . 4.2 Block Cipher Modes . 4.3 Feistel Cipher. 4.4 Hellman’s Time-Memory Trade-Off. 4.4.1 Cryptanalytic TMTO. 4.4.2 Bad Chains. 4.4.3 Success Probability. 4.4.4 Distributed TMTO. 4.4.5 TMTO Conclusions. 4.5 CMEA. 4.5.1 CMEA Cipher. 4.5.2 SCMEA Cipher. 4.5.3 SCMEA Chosen Plaintext Attack. 4.5.4 CMEA Chosen Plaintext Attack. 4.5.5 SCMEA Known Plaintext Attack. 4.5.6 CMEA Known Plaintext Attack. 4.5.7 More Secure CMEA. 4.6 Akelarre . 4.6.1 Akelarre Cipher. 4.6.2 Akelarre Attack. 4.6.3 Improved Akelarre? 4.7 FEAL . 4.7.1 FEAL-4 Cipher. 4.7.2 FEAL-4 Differential Attack. 4.7.3 FEAL-4 Linear Attack. 4.7.4 Confusion and Diffusion. 4.8 Summary. 4.9 Problems. 5. Hash Functions. 5.1 Introduction . 5.2 Birthdays and Hashing. 5.2.1 The Birthday Problem. 5.2.2 Birthday Attacks on Hash Functions. 5.2.3 Digital Signature Birthday Attack. 5.2.4 Nostradamus Attack. 5.3 MD4. 5.3.1 MD4 Algorithm. 5.3.2 MD4 Attack. 5.3.3 A Meaningful Collision . 5.4 MD5 . 5.4.1 MD5 Algorithm. 5.4.2 A Precise Differential. 5.4.3 Outline of Wang?s Attack. 5.4.4 Wang’s MD5 Differentials. 5.4.5 Reverse Engineering Wang’s Attack. 5.4.6 Stevens’ Attack. 5.4.7 A Practical Attack. 5.5 Summary. 5.6 Problems. 6. Public Key Systems. 6.1 Introduction . 6.2 Merkle-Hellman Knapsack. 6.2.1 Lattice-Reduction Attack . 6.2.2 Knapsack Conclusion. 6.3 Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange . 6.3.1 Man-in-the-Middle Attack . 6.3.2 Diffie-Hellman Conclusion . 6.4 Arithmetica Key Exchange . 6.4.1 Hughes-Tannenbaum Length Attack . 6.4.2 Arithmetica Conclusion . 6.5 RSA . 6.5.1 Mathematical Issues . 6.5.2 RSA Conclusion . 6.6 Rabin Cipher . 6.6.1 Chosen Ciphertext Attack. 6.6.2 Rabin Cryptosystem Conclusion . 6.7 NTRU Cipher . 6.7.1 Meet-in-the-Middle Attack. 6.7.2 Multiple Transmission Attack. 6.7.3 Chosen Ciphertext Attack. 6.7.4 NTRU Conclusion . 6.8 ElGamal Signature Scheme . 6.8.1 Mathematical Issues. 6.8.2 ElGamal Signature Conclusion . 6.9 Summary . 6.10 Problems. 7. Public Key Attacks. 7.1 Introduction . 7.2 Factoring Algorithms . 7.2.1 Trial Division . 7.2.2 Dixon’s Algorithm . 7.2.3 Quadratic Sieve. 7.2.4 Factoring Conclusions. 7.3 Discrete Log Algorithms. 7.3.1 Trial Multiplication . 7.3.2 Baby-Step Giant-Step. 7.3.3 Index Calculus. 7.3.4 Discrete Log Conclusions. 7.4 RSA Implementation Attacks. 7.4.1 Timing Attacks . 7.4.2 Glitching Attack. 7.4.3 Implementation Attacks Conclusions . 7.5 Summary . 7.6 Problems. Appendix . A-1 MD5 Tables . A-2 Math . A-2.1 Number Theory . A-2.2 Group Theory . A-2.3 Ring Theory . A-2.4 Linear Algebra. Annotated Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisIn their fascinating analysis of the recent history of information technology, H. Peter Alesso and Craig F. Smith reveal the patterns in discovery and innovation that have brought us to the present tipping point. . . . A generation from now, every individual will have personally tailored access to the whole of knowledge . . . the sooner we all begin to think about how we got here, and where we''re going, the better. This exciting book is an essential first step. From the Foreword by James Burke Many people envision scientists as dispassionate characters who slavishly repeat experiments until eurekasomething unexpected happens. Actually, there is a great deal more to the story of scientific discovery, but seeing the big picture is not easy. Connections: Patterns of Discovery uses the primary tools of forecasting and three archetypal patterns of discoverySerendipity, Proof of Principle, and 1% Inspiration and 99% Perspirationto discern relationships of past develoTable of ContentsForeword. Introduction. Acknowledgements. Organization of this Book. Chapter 1: Connecting Information. The Google Story. Information Revolution. Defining Information. Looking Good. Google Connects Information. Patterns of Discovery. Forecast for Connecting Information. Chapter 2: Connecting Circuits. The Moore' Law Story. Edison's Electric Light. The Vacuum Tube Diode. The First Programmable Computers. ENIAC. The Transistor. How Transistors Work. The Proof of Principle for the Transistor. The Microprocessor. How Microprocessors Work. Moore's law. Patterns of Discovery. Forecast for Connecting Circuits . Chapter 3: Connecting Chips. The Personal Computer Story. Vannevar Bush. Robert Taylor. J.C.R. Licklider. Alan Kay. Butler Lampson. Charles (Chuck) Thacker. Personal Computing. The Xerox Alto. Apple Computer. IBM PC. Patterns of Discovery. Forecast for Connecting Chips. Chapter 4: Connecting Processes. The Software Story. John Von Neumann. Claude Shannon. The Evolution of Programming Languages. Sir Charles Antony Richard (Tony) Hoare. Software as an Industry. Software Productivity. Fourth Generation Languages. Proprietary versus Open Standards. Emergent Fifth Generation Languages (5GLs). Charles Simonyi. William H. Gates. Linus Torvalds. Patterns of Discovery. Forecast for Connecting Processes. Chapter 5: Connecting Machines. The Ethernet Story. Xerox PARC and Ethernet. Robert Metcalf. Patterns of Discovery. Forecast for Connecting Machines. Chapter 6: Connecting Networks. The Internet Story. Vint Cerf. Transition to the World Wide Web. Berners-Lee. Patterns of Discovery. Forecast for Connecting Machines. Chapter 7: Connecting Devices. The Ubiquitous Computing Story. Ubiquitous Computing. Mark Weiser. Jeff Hawkins. Patterns of Discovery. Forecast for Connecting Devices. Chapter 8: Connecting the Web. The Ubiquitous Web Story. Michael Dertouzos. Project Oxygen. Perfect Search. Berners-Lee and the Semantic Web. Patterns of Discovery. Forecast for Connecting the Web. Chapter 9: Connecting the Intelligence. The Ubiquitous Intelligence Story. Kurt Gödel. Alan Turing. Marvin Minsky. Ubiquitous Intelligence . The Web 'Brain'. What is Web Intelligence? Patterns of Discovery. Forecast for Connecting Intelligence. Chapter 10: Connecting Patterns. Ray Kurzweil. Evolving Complex Intelligence. The Law of Accelerating Returns. Singularities. The Software of Intelligence. Patterns. Connecting Pattern. Patterns of Discovery. Forecasts for Connecting Patterns. Epilog. Bibliography. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisComputer Education for Teachers: Integrating Technology into Classroom Teaching is designed to introduce future teachers to computer technology in a meaningful, practical fashion. It is written for undergraduate and graduate students who want an up-to-date, readable, practical, concise introduction to computers for teachers.Table of ContentsPART 1 An Introduction to Computers and Educational Technology 1 1 Historical Past 3 Before the Modern Computer 3 Beginning of the Computer 4 The Modern Computer 4 The First Generation of Computers 6 The Second Generation of Computers 7 The Third Generation of Computers 7 The Fourth Generation of Computers—The Microcomputer 7 The Fifth Generation of Computers 10 Computers in Education 10 Summary 14 Chapter 1 Online Resources 14 Chapter Mastery Test 14 Key Terms 15 Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio 15 Suggested Readings and References 15 2 Getting Started on the Computer 17 What is a Computer? 17 Elements of a Computer 18 Hardware Overview 23 Input Devices 23 Computer Selection Criteria 28 The Hardware Checklist 31 Summary 32 Chapter 2 Online Resources 32 Chapter Mastery Test 32 Key Terms 33 Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio 33 Suggested Readings and References 33 PART 2 Integrating the Internet into the Classroom 35 3 Networking, Internet, and Distance Learning 37 What is Networking? 37 Networks 38 The Internet 39 Connecting to the Internet 40 Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 42 Internet Resources 42 World Wide Web 45 Distance Education and Distance Learning Defined 45 Distance Learning: A Brief History 45 Distance Learning Technologies 46 Different Approaches to Distance Learning 48 The Future of Distance Education 48 Drawbacks of Distance Education 50 Suggestions for Integrating the Internet into the Classroom 51 Sample Classroom Lesson Plans 51 Summary 54 Chapter 3 Online Resources 54 Chapter Mastery Test 55 Key Terms 55 Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio 55 Suggested Readings and References 55 4 The Web 57 What is the World Wide Web? 57 A Brief History 58 World Wide Web 1.0 and World Wide Web 2.0 59 Finding a Web Page 59 Search Engines 59 Multimedia via the Internet 62 Web Site Evaluation 63 Integrating the Web into the Classroom 64 Web Sites to Use in the Classroom 64 Web Site Rating Scale 65 Sample Classroom Lesson Plans 72 WebQuests 73 Web Page Creation 75 Summary 81 Chapter 4 Online Resources 81 Chapter Mastery Test 81 Key Terms 81 Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio 82 Suggested Readings and References 82 5 Internet Issues 83 Internet Problems 83 Software Piracy 92 Security 95 Unequal Access 97 Health Risks Using Computers 97 Summary 99 Chapter 5 Online Resources 99 Chapter Mastery Test 99 Key Terms 99 Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio 100 Suggested Readings and References 100 PART 3 Using and Selecting Educational Technology 101 6 Word Processing 103 Historical Background 103 What is a Word Processor? 104 Components of Word Processing 104 Standard Word Processing Features 105 Basic Word Processing Editing Features 105 Standard Formatting Functions 108 Advanced Word Processing Features 108 Evaluation of Word Processing Programs 112 Word Processing Program Checklist 116 Integrating a Word Processor into the Classroom 116 Sample Classroom Lesson Plans 118 Summary 123 Chapter 6 Online Resources 123 Chapter Mastery Test 123 Key Terms 123 Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio 124 Suggested Readings and References 124 7 Desktop Publishing 125 Word Processing versus Desktop Publishing 125 Historical Background 125 What is Desktop Publishing? 126 Basic Desktop Publishing Features 127 Learning to Use a Desktop Publishing Program 132 How to Choose a Good Desktop Publishing Program 135 Desktop Publishing Program Checklist 137 Integrating Desktop Publishing into the Classroom 137 Sample Classroom Lesson Plans 140 Additional Activities 144 Summary 145 Chapter 7 Online Resources 145 Chapter Mastery Test 145 Key Terms 146 Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio 146 Suggested Readings and References 146 8 Databases 147 What is a Database? 147 Advantages of an Electronic Database 148 How a Database Works 149 Types of Databases 152 How to Choose a Database for the Classroom 155 Hardware Compatibility 155 General Features 156 Advanced Features 156 Flexibility 157 Ease of Use 157 Consumer Value 157 Support 158 Integrating the Database into the Classroom 159 Teacher Practice Activities 159 Database Checklist 160 Sample Classroom Lesson Plans 163 Summary 169 Chapter 8 Online Resources 170 Chapter Mastery Test 170 Key Terms 170 Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio 170 Suggested Readings and References 171 9 Spreadsheets and Integrated Programs 172 What is a Spreadsheet? 172 Historical Overview 172 Components of a Spreadsheet 173 How a Spreadsheet Operates 174 Why Use an Electronic Spreadsheet? 177 Basic Features of a Spreadsheet 178 Advanced Features of a Spreadsheet 178 How to Select a Good Spreadsheet for the Classroom 179 Integrating a Spreadsheet into the Classroom 182 Spreadsheet Checklist 183 Teacher Practice Activity 185 Sample Classroom Lesson Plans 186 Integrated Programs 191 Alternatives to Integrated Programs 191 Summary 192 Chapter 9: Online Resources 193 Chapter Mastery Test 193 Key Terms 193 Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio 193 Suggested Readings and References 194 10 Digital Photography and Newer Technologies 195 Introduction 195 What is a Digital Camera? 195 Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital Photography 196 How to Choose a Digital Camera 197 Megapixels 197 Liquid Crystal Displays and Viewfinders 198 Memory Cards 198 Optical versus Digital Zoom 199 Power Supply 199 Formats 199 Cost, Weight, Price, and Feel 200 Photography Software 200 Digital Cameras in the Classroom 201 Digital Camera Checklist 202 Emerging Web Technologies 204 Sample Classroom Lesson Plans 209 Summary 213 Chapter 10 Online Resources 213 Chapter Mastery Test 213 Key Terms 214 Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio 214 Suggested Readings and References 214 11 Multimedia and Video Technology 216 What is Multimedia? 216 Historical Perspective 216 Hypertext and Hypermedia 217 Hypermedia Authoring Tools 218 Classroom Suggestions for Using Hypermedia 220 Guidelines for Creating a Multimedia Presentation 221 Computer Multimedia Project Checklist 223 Multimedia Software 224 Video Camera in the Classroom 225 How to Choose a Video Camera 227 Digital Video Camera Checklist 228 Video Editing Technology 229 Movies in the Classroom 229 YouTube 230 Video Blog 230 Digital Storytelling 231 Video and Sound Players 231 Morphing and Warping Technology 232 Virtual Reality 233 Second Life 234 Sample Classroom Lesson Plans 235 Summary 239 Chapter 11 Online Resources 239 Chapter Mastery Test 239 Key Terms 239 Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio 240 Suggested Readings and References 240 12 Selecting Software and Integrating It into the Classroom 242 Computer-Assisted Instruction 242 Historical Background 242 Types of CAI 243 Subject-Area Software 249 Computer-Managed Instruction 252 Integrated Learning Systems 253 Public Domain Software, Freeware, Shareware, and Open Source 255 Software Selection: A General Guide 255 Software Program Checklist 259 Guidelines for Setting up a Software Library 260 Sample Classroom Lesson Plans 260 Summary 262 Chapter 12 Online Resources 263 Chapter Mastery Test 263 Key Terms 263 Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio 264 Suggested Readings and References 264 13 Technology in Special Education: Assistive Technology 265 Students with Disabilities 265 Adaptive Technology 269 Universal Design for Learning 272 Software for the Special Education Classroom 273 Assistive/Adaptive Technology Checklist 279 Laws Affecting Special Education 280 Mainstreaming 280 Inclusion 281 Adapting Classroom Lesson Plans for Students with Disabilities 281 Sample Classroom Lesson Plans 281 Summary 287 Chapter 13 Online Resources 287 Chapter Mastery Test 287 Key Terms 288 Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio 288 Suggested Readings and References 288 14 Teacher Support Tools and Music, Art, and Graphic Software 290 What Are Teacher Support Tools? 290 Teacher Support Tools 291 Teacher Support Tools on the Internet 299 Electronic Portfolios 300 Clip Art Collections 302 Teacher Support Tools Checklist 303 Individualized Education Plan Generators 304 What is Graphics Software? 304 Graphics Software 304 Presentation Graphics Programs 306 Print Graphics Programs 307 Computer-Aided Design Applications 309 Music Technology 310 Sample Classroom Lesson Plans 311 Summary 315 Chapter 14 Online Resources 316 Chapter Mastery Test 316 Key Terms 316 Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio 316 Suggested Readings and References 317 PART 4 What Teachers Should Know about Educational Technology 319 15 One Computer in the Classroom 321 One Computer in the Classroom 321 Computer Labs 330 The Wireless Mobile Lab 331 Summary 332 Chapter 15 Online Resources 332 Chapter Mastery Test 332 Key Terms 332 Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio 332 Suggested Readings and References 333 16 Learning Theorists and Research 334 Learning Theories and Technology Integration 334 Computer-Assisted Instruction Research Findings 337 Achievement 337 Summary 343 Chapter 16 Study Online Resources 344 Chapter Mastery Test 344 Key Terms 344 Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio 344 Suggested Readings and References 345 17 The Future 348 Future Trends 348 Emerging Technologies in Education 360 Software 361 Trends and Interesting Developments 362 Concluding Thoughts 363 Lessons We Have Learned 363 Summary 364 Chapter 17 Online Resources 364 Chapter Mastery Test 364 Key Terms 365 Computer Lab: Activities for Mastery and Your Portfolio 365 Suggested Readings and References 365 Appendix A Directory of Selected Software Publishers 367 Appendix B Recommended Mail-Order and Online Software Sources 370 Glossary 371 Index 381

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive reference presents cutting-edge and long-ranging research in computational systems biology. It is written by leading experts and covers a range of topics from modeling and learning biological systems to the impact of computational systems biology on drug design and medicine.Trade Review“The book should serve well as a resource for anyone interested in learning about computational systems biology.” (The Quarterly Review of Biology, 1 March 2012) Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. PART I: OVERVIEW. 1 Advances in Computational Systems Biology (Huma M. Lodhi). PART II: BIOLOGICAL NETWORK MODELING. 2 Models in Systems Biology: The Parameter Problem and the Meanings of Robustness (Jeremy Gunawardena). 3 In Silico Analysis of Combined Therapeutics Strategy for Hearth Failure (Sung-Young Shin, Tae-Hwan Kim, Kwang-Hyun Cho, and Sang-Mok Choo). 4 Rule-Based Modeling and Model Refinement (Elaine Murphy, Vincent Danos, Jerome Feret, Jean Krivine, and Russell Harmer). 5 A (Natural) Computing Perspective on Cellular Processes (Mateo Cavaliere and Tommaso Mazza). 6 Simulating Filament Dynamics in Cellular Systems (Wilbur E. Channels and Pablo A. Iglesias). PART III: BIOLOGICAL NETWORK INFERENCE. 7 Reconstruction of Biological Networks by Supervised Machine Learning Approaches (Jean-Philippe Vert). 8 Supervised Inference of Metabolic Networks from the Integration of Genomic Data and Chemical Information (Yoshihiro Yamanishi). 9 Integrating Abduction and Induction in Biological Inference Using CF-Induciton (Yoshitaka Yamamoto, Katsumi Inoue, and Andrei Doncescu). 10 Analysis and Control of Deterministic and Probabilistic Boolean Networks (Tatsuya Akutsu and Wai-Ki Ching). 11 Probabilistic Methods and Rate Heterogeneity (Tal Pupko and Itay Mayrose). PART IV: GENOMICS AND COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS BIOLOGY. 12 From DNA Motifs to Gene Networks: A Review of Physical Interaction Models (Panayiotis V. Benos and Alain B. Tchagang). 13 The Impact of Whole Genome In Silico Screening for Nuclear Receptor-Binding Sites in Systems Biology (Carsten Carlberg and Merja Heinaniemi). 14 Environmental and Physiological Insights from Microbial Genome Sequences (Alessandra Carbone and Anthony Mathelier). PART V: SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY. 15 Ali Baba: A Text Mining Tool for Systems Biology (Jorg Hakenberg, Conrad Plake, and Ulf Leser). 16 Validation Issues in Regulatory Module Discovery (Alok Mishra and Duncan Gillies). 17 Computational Imaging and Modeling for Systems Biology (Ling-Yun Wu, Xiaobo Zhou, and Stephen T.C. Wong). Index. Series Information.

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Book SynopsisNo longer can the offline remain separate from the online. Integrated, customer-centric, cross-channel marketing campaigns persuade customers to act, provide greater ROI, and ultimately improve your organization''s bottom line. This must-have guide synthesizes the successful methods and metrics that online, direct, and brand marketers have employed for years so that you can develop, implement, and measure successful cross-channel campaigns. Multichannel marketing expert Akin Arikan takes you from customer acquisition to customer relationship management with strategic advice, effective case studies, and proven metrics.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Part I Building Blocks for Multichannel Metrics. Chapter 1 With Great Opportunity Come Great Challenges. Chapter 2 The Web Analyst Tackles Multichannel Metrics Online. Chapter 3 The Offline Marketer’s Bag of Tricks. Chapter 4 The Direct Marketer Digs into Multichannel Analytics. Chapter 5 The Brand Marketer’s Take on Multichannel Analytics. Part II Measurement and Metrics. Chapter 6 Measure Lift Between Online and Offline. Chapter 7 Measure 1:1 Interactions Between Online and Offline. Chapter 8 Measure Multi-Touch Conversions. Part III Multichannel Marketing Methods. Chapter 9 Attract and Acquire. Chapter 10 Engage and Convert. Chapter 11 Grow Lifetime Value. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses issues related to managing data across a distributed database system. It is unique because it covers traditional database theory and current research, explaining the difficulties in providing a unified user interface and global data dictionary. The book gives implementers guidance on hiding discrepancies across systems and creating the illusion of a single repository for users. It also includes three sample frameworksimplemented using J2SE with JMS, J2EE, and Microsoft .Netthat readers can use to learn how to implement a distributed database management system. IT and development groups and computer sciences/software engineering graduates will find this guide invaluable.Trade Review"The chapters are clearly written and all the technical details are thoroughly displayed." (Zentralblatt MATH, 2011) Table of ContentsPreface. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Database Concepts. 1.2 DBE Architectural Concepts. 1.3 Archetypical DBE Architectures. 1.4 A New Taxonomy. 1.5 An Example DDBE. 1.6 A Reference DDBE Architecture. 1.7 Transaction Management in Distributed Systems. 1.8 Summary. 1.9 Glossary. References. References. 2 Data Distribution Alternatives. 2.1 Design Alternatives. 2.2 Fragmentation. 2.3 Distribution Transparency. 2.4 Impact of Distribution on User Queries. 2.5 A More Complex Example. 2.6 Summary. 2.7 Glossary. References. Exercises. 3 Database Control. 3.1 Authentication. 3.2 Access Rights. 3.3 Semantic Integrity Control. 3.4 Distributed Semantic Integrity Control. 3.5 Cost of Semantic Integrity Enforcement. 3.6 Summary. 3.7 Glossary. References. Exercises. 4 Query Optimization. 4.1 Sample Database. 4.2 Relational Algebra. 4.3 Computing Relational Algebra Operators. 4.4 Query Processing in Centralized Systems. 4.5 Query Processing in Distributed Systems. 4.6 Summary. 4.7 Glossary. References. Exercises. 5 Controlling Concurrency. 5.1 Terminology. 5.2 Multitransaction Processing Systems. 5.3 Centralized DBE Concurrency Control. 5.4 Concurrency Control in Distributed Database Systems. 5.5 Summary. 5.6 Glossary. References. Exercises. 6 Deadlock Handling. 6.1 Deadlock Definition. 6.2 Deadlocks in Centralized Systems. 6.3 Deadlocks in Distributed Systems. 6.4 Summary. 6.5 Glossary. References. Exercises. 7 Replication Control. 7.1 Replication Control Scenarios. 7.2 Replication Control Algorithms. 7.3 Summary. 7.4 Glossary. References. Exercises. 8 Failure and Commit Protocols. 8.1 Terminology. 8.2 Undo/Redo and Database Recovery. 8.3 Transaction States Revisited. 8.4 Database Recovery. 8.5 Other Types of Database Recovery. 8.6 Recovery Based on Redo/Undo Processes. 8.7 The Complete Recovery Algorithm. 8.8 Distributed Commit Protocols. 8.9 Summary. 8.10 Glossary. References. Exercises. 9 DDBE Security (Bradley S. Rubini). 9.1 Cryptography. 9.2 Securing Communications. 9.3 Securing Data. 9.4 Architectural Issues. 9.5 A Typical Deployment. 9.6 Summary. 9.7 Glossary. References. Exercises. 10 Data Modeling Overview. 10.1 Categorizing MLs and DMs. 10.2 The Conceptual Level of the CLP. 10.3 Conceptual Modeling Language Examples. 10.4 Working With Data Models. 10.5 Using Multiple Types of Modeling. 10.6 Summary. 10.7 Glossary. References. Exercises. 11 Logical Data Models. 11.1 The RDM. 11.2 The Network Data Model. 11.3 The Hierarchical Data Model. 11.4 The OODM. 11.5 Summary. 11.6 Glossary. References. Exercises. 12 Traditional DDBE Architectures. 12.1 Applying Our Taxonomy to Traditional DDBE Architectures. 12.2 The MDBS Architecture Classifications. 12.3 Approaches for Developing A DDBE. 12.4 Deployment of DDBE Software. 12.5 Integration Challenges. 12.6 Schema Integration Example. 12.7 Example of Existing Commercial DDBEs. 12.8 The Experiment. 12.9 Summary. 12.10 Glossary. References. Exercises. 13 New DDBE Architectures. 13.1 Cooperative DBEs. 13.2 Peer-to-Peer DDBEs. 13.3 Comparing COOP and P2P. 13.4 Summary. 13.5 Glossary. References. Exercises. 14 DDBE Platform Requirements. 14.1 DDBE Architectural Vocabulary. 14.2 Fundamental Platform Requirements. 14.3 Distributed Process Platform Requirements. 14.4 Distributed Data Platform Requirements. 14.5 Preview of the DDBE Platforms Used in Chapters 15-9. 14.6 Summary. 14.7 Glossary. References. Exercises. 15 The JMS Starter Kit. 15.1 Java Message Service Overview. 15.2 JMS Provider Implementation Alternatives. 15.3 JMS Starter Kit (JMS-SKIT) Framework Overview. 15.4 Using the JMS-SKIT Framework. 15.5 Summary. 15.6 Glossary. References. Exercises. 16 The J2EE Platform. 16.1 Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) Overview. 16.2 J2EE Support for Distributed Process Platform Requirements. 16.3 J2EE Support for Distributed Data Platform Requirements. 16.4 J2EE Platform Implementation Alternatives. 16.5 Summary. 16.6 Glossary. References. Exercises. 17 The J2EE Starter Kit. 17.1 Java 2 Enterprise Edition Starter Kit (J2EE-SKIT) Overview. 17.2 J2EE-SKIT Design Overview. 17.3 Summary. 17.4 Glossary. References. Exercises. 18 The Microsoft .NET Platform. 18.1 Platform Overview. 18.2 Support for Distributed Process Platform Requirements. 18.3 Distributed Data Platform Requirements. 18.4 Summary. 18.5 Glossary. References. Exercises. 19 The DNET Starter Kit. 19.1 DNET-SKIT Overview. 19.2 DNET-SKIT Design Overview. 19.3 Summary. 19.4 Glossary. Reference. Exercises. Index.

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Book SynopsisHow to create a profitable, sustainable business developing and marketing iPhone apps iPhone apps are hot; the average app is downloaded more than 30,000 times. If you have some great apps in mind, Starting an iPhone Application Business For Dummies will show you how to produce and market them effectively.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Part I: Surveying the Marketplace. Chapter 1: The Wide, Wide World of iPhone App Development. Chapter 2: Understanding the iPhone Platform. Chapter 3: Pricing and Revenue Models. Part II: Pinpointing the Business Offering. Chapter 4: Coming Up with a Winning Idea. Chapter 5: Leveraging Brands, Skills, and Content. Chapter 6: Collaborating Internally and Externally. Chapter 7: Sizing Up the Competition. Part III: Lay the Groundwork. Chapter 8: Registering with Apple. Chapter 9: Understanding the Development Tools. Chapter 10: Staffi ng Your Team. Part IV: Assemble Your iPhone Application. Chapter 11: Building Your Application Specifi cations. Chapter 12: Assembling Your Development Team. Chapter 13: Greenlighting the Budget. Chapter 14: Managing the Development Process. Part V: Market to the Masses. Chapter 15: Capturing Free Publicity. Chapter 16: Building the Buzz. Chapter 17: Promoting Your App with Paid Advertising. Chapter 18: Planning Your Next Project. Part VI: The Part of Tens. Chapter 19: Ten Traits of Highly Successful Applications. Chapter 20: Ten Influential Review Sites. Appendix. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses how computers are shaping contemporary society, with a tight focus on the role of corporations and governments. It is aimed at government policymakers interested in economic development and at private-sector managers who routinely make decisions to acquire and use information technology, now a worldwide expenditure of over $2 trillion annually. The book will also interest a wide range of academics concerned with the sociology, history, economics, and the effects of IT on contemporary society, ands to the general trade market.Trade Review"The book also presents ideas for educators. For instance, to encourage IT people to be naturally proactive, courses should leverage the creation and production of IT projects with solving society's problems. With some effort, this can be done in computers and society courses, at both the general and professional education level. At the professional level, IT workers with such experience and training will more likely choose to work on problem areas. At the general level, people with such experience will act politically, to vocalize the expectation that the IT industry will create products that help society." (Computing Reviews, September 2010) Table of ContentsPreface ix 1 Introducing the Big Picture 1 The presence of information technology 2 Megatrends at work 7 How societies use technology to shape their world 19 Notes and references 24 2 How Computers Spread Around the World So Fast 27 Definitions and issues 29 Government-supported/private-sector-driven model 33 National champion model 37 Asian private-sector-driven model 39 Planned economy: public policy model 42 Industry-driven model 48 Corporate diffusion model 51 Application diffusion model 57 Technology-standards diffusion model 59 Patterns, practices, and implications 61 Notes and references 65 3 How Governments Leverage Information Technologies to Improve Their National Economies 71 A brief historical reminder 72 Economic development in a connected world: the big picture 75 How governments use it to encourage economic development 77 What motivates governments to encourage their citizens and economies to use it? 91 Emerging strategies for the most advanced nations compared to rapidly advancing nations 96 The special role of labor 100 Global recession, twenty-first century style 102 Implications for public officials 106 Implications for business leaders 112 The way forward with policies and practices 116 Notes and references 122 4 How Managers and Officials Decide What Technology to Use 129 The kinds of decisions made by managers 131 Types of justification 135 Managerial practices 138 Some possible less effective practices 143 Special role of industries 149 Path forward 151 Notes and references 157 5 Adding Up the Results So Far: Do We Now Live in the Information Age? 163 Why naming an age is a useful exercise and so hard to do 165 What historians can teach us about the process 167 The case against the information age 173 Can we coexist on the frontiers of a new age? 175 Lessons for management and a strategy for change 179 Concluding thoughts 185 Notes and references 186 6 An Expanding Role for Scientists and Engineers 191 The rise of the computer scientist 192 Their role in modern society 197 When scientists and tech folk take things into their own hands 201 When technologists go green 204 Their future world 212 An old role made new 218 Notes and references 220 7 Looking Down the Road into the Twenty-First Century 223 How to see the future of an industry 225 Knowing how information technology is evolving 233 A strategy for managers and public officials 240 Special role of the computer science community 247 The ultimate trend 252 Notes and references 254 8 Keeping Up: Bibliographic Essay 257 The big picture 257 How computers spread around the world 259 Governments leveraging it for economic development 260 Deciding what technology to use 261 Living in the information age 263 Role of technologists 264 Into the twenty-first century 265 Index 267

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Book SynopsisAn invaluable tool in Bioinformatics, this unique volume provides both theoretical and experimental results, and describes basic principles of computational intelligence and pattern analysis while deepening the reader''s understanding of the ways in which these principles can be used for analyzing biological data in an efficient manner. This book synthesizes current research in the integration of computational intelligence and pattern analysis techniques, either individually or in a hybridized manner. The purpose is to analyze biological data and enable extraction of more meaningful information and insight from it. Biological data for analysis include sequence data, secondary and tertiary structure data, and microarray data. These data types are complex and advanced methods are required, including the use of domain-specific knowledge for reducing search space, dealing with uncertainty, partial truth and imprecision, efficient linear and/or sub-linear scalability, incremental approaTrade Review"This collection of 16 papers, edited by Maulik (computer science and engineering, Jadavpur U., India), Bandyopadhyay (Indian Statistical Institute, India), and Wang (data and knowledge engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, US), brings together contributions from practitioners integrating computational intelligence and pattern analysis techniques for analyzing biological data, including sequence, structure, and microarray data. The material is organized into five sections that explore basic principles and methodologies of computational techniques, applications of computational intelligence and pattern analysis for biological sequence analysis, structural analysis; microarray data analysis, and systems biology." (Reference and Research Book News, February 2011)Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. PART 1 INTRODUCTION. 1 Computational Intelligence: Foundations, Perspectives, and Recent Trends (Swagatam Das, Ajith Abraham, and B. K. Panigrahi). 2 Fundamentals of Pattern Analysis: A Brief Overview (Basabi Chakraborty). 3 Biological Informatics: Data, Tools, and Applications (Kevin Byron, Miguel Cervantes-Cervantes, and Jason T. L. Wang). PART II SEQUENCE ANALYSIS. 4 Promoter Recognition Using Neural Network Approaches (T. Sobha Rani, S. Durga Bhavani, and S. Bapi Raju). 5 Predicting microRNA Prostate Cancer Target Genes (Francesco Masulli, Stefano Rovetta, and Giuseppe Russo). PART III STRUCTURE ANALYSIS. 6 Structural Search in RNA Motif Databases (Dongrong Wen and Jason T. L. Wang). 7 Kernels on Protein Structures (Sourangshu Bhattacharya, Chiranjib Bhattacharyya, and Nagasuma R. Chandra). 8 Characterization of Conformational Patterns in Active and Inactive Forms of Kinases using Protein Blocks Approach (G. Agarwal, D. C. Dinesh, N. Srinivasan, and Alexandre G. de Brevern). 9 Kernel Function Applications in Cheminformatics (Aaron Smalter and Jun Huan). 10 In Silico Drug Design Using a Computational Intelligence Technique (Soumi Sengupta and Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay). PART IV MICROARRAY DATA ANALYSIS. 11 Integrated Differential Fuzzy Clustering for Analysis of Microarray Data (Indrajit Saha and Ujjwal Maulik). 12 Identifying Potential Gene Markers Using SVM Classifier Ensemble (Anirban Mukhopadhyay, Ujjwal Maulik, and Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay). 13 Gene Microarray Data Analysis Using Parallel Point Symmetry-Based Clustering (Ujjwal Maulik and Anasua Sarkar). PART V SYSTEMS BIOLOGY. 14 Techniques for Prioritization of Candidate Disease Genes (Jieun Jeong and Jake Y. Chen). 15 Prediction of Protein–Protein Interactions (Angshuman Bagchi). 16 Analyzing Topological Properties of Protein–Protein Interaction Networks: A Perspective Toward Systems Biology (Malay Bhattacharyya and Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay). Index.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisTake your hobby to the next level and turn your blog into real income Anyone who blogs knows that it is a fun, creative way for sharing thoughts and opinions.Table of ContentsForeword xix Introduction 1 Part I: Getting Started with the Business of Blogging 7 Chapter 1: Examining Blogging at the Professional Level 9 Chapter 2: Finding Your Niche in the Blogosphere 33 Chapter 3: Protecting Your Blog with Appropriate Business Policies and Practices 55 Part II: Making Money with Your Blog 79 Chapter 4: Monetizing Your Blog Strategy 81 Chapter 5: Selling Products or Services on Your Blog 97 Chapter 6: Making Money from Advertising 117 Chapter 7: Getting Paid for Your Words 151 Part III: Building Your Blog, Step by Step 169 Chapter 8: Choosing Your Blog Name, Platform, and Web Hosting 171 Chapter 9: Designing Your Blog 189 Chapter 10: Developing Your Blog Content 211 Part IV: Maximizing Your Blog’s Success 237 Chapter 11: Getting the Word Out about Your Blog 239 Chapter 12: Responding When Companies Come Calling 267 Chapter 13: Monitoring and Measuring: Why They Matter 283 Chapter 14: Keeping Your Blog Fresh 303 Part V: The Part of Tens 317 Chapter 15: Ten Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them 319 Chapter 16: Ten (Or More) Blogs You Can Learn from Simply by Reading 327 Chapter 17: Ten Tips for Jump-Starting Your Creativity 335 Index 343

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Book SynopsisSecurity of Energy supply is a major concern for all modern societies, intensified by skyrocketing demand in India and China and increasing international competition over fossil fuel deposits. Energy Security: An Interdisciplinary Approach gives A comparative analysis from both consumers'' and producers'' perspectives. It uniquely combines economics, geology, international relations, business, history, public management and political science, in one comprehensive volume, highlighting the vulnerabilities and need to move to more sustainable energy sources. The author provides a number of useful case studies to demonstrate the theory, including perspectives from consuming regions such as the United States, the European Union, and China, and from exporting regions; the Middle East, Africa, Russia and the Caspian Sea. Key features include: coverage on theoretical and empirical frameworks so readers are able to analyse concepts relevant to new laws and pTable of ContentsAbout the Author. Preface. Acknowledgements. List of Abbreviations. Glossary. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Energy Security. 1.2 Diversification of Energy Mix. 1.3 Conclusion. 2 United States. 2.1 Oil. 2.2 Natural Gas. 2.3 Coal. 2.4 Nuclear Power. 2.5 Ethanol. 2.6 The Quest for an Energy Strategy. 2.7 Conclusion: the Way Forward. 3 European Union. 3.1 The EU Energy Outlook. 3.2 Russia. 3.3 Central Asia/Caspian Sea Region. 3.4 Mediterranean Sea. 3.5 Gulf Cooperation Council. 3.6 Turkey. 3.7 Conclusion: the Way Ahead. 4 China. 4.1 Regulatory Authority. 4.2 Oil. 4.3 Coal. 4.4 Natural Gas. 4.5 Nuclear Power. 4.6 Renewable Energy. 4.7 Overseas Exploration and Production. 4.8 Conclusion. 5 Persian Gulf. 5.1 Socio-economic and Political Challenges. 5.2 Saudi Arabia. 5.3 Iran. 5.4 Iraq. 5.5 Conclusion: the Way Forward. 6 Africa. 6.1 Algeria. 6.2 Libya. 6.3 Egypt. 6.4 Sudan. 6.5 Angola. 6.6 Nigeria. 6.7 United States and Africa. 6.8 Europe and Africa. 6.9 Conclusion: the Way Ahead. 7 Caspian Sea. 7.1 Hydrocarbon Resources - An Assessment. 7.2 The Legal Status of the Caspian Sea. 7.3 Geopolitical Rivalry and Pipeline Diplomacy. 7.4 Conclusion: the Way Forward. 8 Russia. 8.1 Oil Sector. 8.2 Natural Gas. 8.3 The Energy Strategy - 2030. 8.4 The Arctic Hydrocarbons. 8.5 Russia-EU Energy Partnership. 8.6 Russia, the Middle East, and OPEC. 8.7 Energy Sector Organization. 8.8 Conclusion: the Way Forward. 9 OPEC and Gas-OPEC. 9.1 OPEC: History and Evolution. 9.2 OPEC: Objectives, Membership, and Organization. 9.3 OPEC Summits. 9.4 OPEC Long-Term Strategy. 9.5 Gas OPEC. 9.6 GECF and OPEC. 9.7 Oil vs. Gas. 9.8 Conclusion. 10 International Energy Agency. 10.1 The Founding of the IEA. 10.2 The International Energy Program. 10.3 Structure of the IEA. 10.4 Energy Security. 10.5 How Did the System Work?. 10.6 Conclusion. 11 Conclusion. 11.1 Energy Security. 11.2 The International Energy Forum (IEF). 11.3 Joint Oil Data Initiative. 11.4 Conclusion: the Way Forward. Index.

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Book SynopsisMost of the intriguing social phenomena of our time, such as international terrorism, social inequality, and urban ethnic segregation, are consequences of complex forms of agent interaction that are difficult to observe methodically and experimentally. This book looks at a new research stream that makes use of advanced computer simulation modelling techniques to spotlight agent interaction that allows us to explain the emergence of social patterns. It presents a method to pursue analytical sociology investigations that look at relevant social mechanisms in various empirical situations, such as markets, urban cities, and organisations. This book: Provides a comprehensive introduction to epistemological, theoretical and methodological features of agent-based modelling in sociology through various discussions and examples. Presents the pros and cons of using agent-based models in sociology. Explores agent-based models in combining quantitative and Trade Review“This book should be inserted into all sociological libraries as a vanguard for the rest of us - if it not torn to shreds by enraged sociologists it will very usefully inform them. Newcomers to ABM and even old hands, but especially those who have to survive within sociology, will find it a very valuable asset.” (Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 1 January 2013) Table of ContentsPreface ix 1 What is agent-based computational sociology all about? 1 1.1 Predecessors and fathers 3 1.2 The main ideas of agent-based computational sociology 9 1.2.1 The primacy of models 9 1.2.2 The generative approach 11 1.2.3 The micro–macro link 13 1.2.4 Process and change 15 1.2.5 The unexcluded middle 16 1.2.6 Trans-disciplinarity 17 1.3 What are ABMs? 18 1.4 A classification of ABM use in social research 20 References 26 2 Cooperation, coordination and social norms 33 2.1 Direct reciprocity and the persistence of interaction 36 2.2 Strong reciprocity and social sanctions 42 2.3 Disproportionate prior exposure 49 2.4 Partner selection 54 2.5 Reputation 62 2.6 The emergence of conventions 69 References 78 3 Social influence 85 3.1 Segregation dynamics 88 3.2 Threshold behavior and opinions 97 3.3 Culture dynamics and diversity 103 3.4 Social reflexivity 109 References 122 4 The methodology 131 4.1 The method 134 4.2 Replication 140 4.2.1 The querelle about segregation 144 4.2.2 The querelle about trust and mobility 147 4.3 Multi-level empirical validation 151 References 159 5 Conclusions 165 References 172 Appendix A 175 A. 1 Research centers 175 A. 2 Scientific associations 177 A. 3 Journals 178 A. 4 Simulation tools 179 References 179 Appendix B 181 B. 1 Example I: Partner selection and dynamic networks (Boero, Bravo and Squazzoni 2010) 182 B. 2 Example II: Reputation (Boero et al. 2010) 211 References 234 Index 235

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Book SynopsisWith the growth in social networking and the potential for larger and larger breaches of sensitive data,it is vital for all enterprises to ensure that computer users adhere to corporate policy and project staff design secure systems.Trade Review"...an engaging read." (Information Age, May 2009) "I found the book enjoyable and easy to read. It is very informative, and gives good references" (Infosecurity, June 2009) ‘For a big book-in size and in ambition- it's most readable.' (Professional Security, September 2010).Table of ContentsAcknowledgements xvii Foreword xix Introduction xxi 1 Power to the people 1 The power is out there . . . somewhere 1 An information-rich world 2 When in doubt, phone a friend 3 Engage with the public 4 The power of the blogosphere 4 The future of news 5 Leveraging new ideas 5 Changing the way we live 6 Transforming the political landscape 7 Network effects in business 8 Being there 9 Value in the digital age 9 Hidden value in networks 10 Network innovations create security challenges 12 You’ve been de-perimeterized! 14 The collapse of information management 15 The shifting focus of information security 15 The external perspective 17 A new world of openness 18 A new age of collaborative working 19 Collaboration-oriented architecture 20 Business in virtual worlds 21 Democracy . . . but not as we know it 22 Don’t lock down that network 23 The future of network security 24 Can we trust the data? 25 The art of disinformation 27 The future of knowledge 28 The next big security concern 30 Learning from networks 31 2 Everyone makes a difference 33 Where to focus your efforts 33 The view from the bridge 34 The role of the executive board 35 The new threat of data leakage 36 The perspective of business management 38 The role of the business manager 39 Engaging with business managers 40 The role of the IT function 41 Minding your partners 42 Computer users 43 Customers and citizens 44 Learning from stakeholders 44 3 There’s no such thing as an isolated incident 47 What lies beneath? 47 Accidents waiting to happen 48 No system is foolproof 49 Visibility is the key 49 A lesson from the safety field 50 Everyone makes mistakes 52 The science of error prevention 53 Swiss cheese and security 54 How significant was that event? 55 Events are for the record 56 When an event becomes an incident 57 The immediacy of emergencies 57 When disaster strikes 58 When events spiral out of control 58 How the response process changes 59 No two crises are the same 60 One size doesn’t fit all 61 The limits of planning 62 Some assets are irreplaceable 63 It’s the process, not the plan 63 Why crisis management is hard 64 Skills to manage a crisis 65 Dangerous detail 67 The missing piece of the jigsaw 67 Establish the real cause 68 Are you incubating a crisis? 69 When crisis management becomes the problem 70 Developing a crisis strategy 70 Turning threats into opportunities 71 Boosting market capitalization 72 Anticipating events 73 Anticipating opportunities 74 Designing crisis team structures 75 How many teams? 76 Who takes the lead? 77 Ideal team dynamics 77 Multi-agency teams 78 The perfect environment 79 The challenge of the virtual environment 80 Protocols for virtual team working 81 Exercising the crisis team 81 Learning from incidents 83 4 Zen and the art of risk management 85 East meetsWest 85 The nature of risks 86 Who invented risk management? 87 We could be so lucky 88 Components of risk 89 Gross or net risk? 90 Don’t lose sight of business 91 How big is your appetite? 92 It’s an emotional thing 93 In the eye of the beholder 94 What risk was that? 96 Living in the past 96 Who created that risk? 97 It’s not my problem 98 Size matters 99 Getting your sums right 99 Some facts are counterintuitive 101 The loaded dice 101 The answer is 42 103 It’s just an illusion 103 Context is king 104 Perception and reality 105 It’s a relative thing 107 Risk, what risk? 107 Something wicked this way comes 108 The black swan 109 Double jeopardy 110 What type of risk? 111 Lessons from the process industries 112 Lessons from cost engineering 113 Lessons from the financial sector 113 Lessons from the insurance field 115 The limits of percentage play 116 Operational risk 116 Joining up risk management 117 General or specific? 119 Identifying and ranking risks 120 Using checklists 122 Categories of risks 122 It’s a moving target 123 Comparing and ranking risks 124 Risk management strategies 125 Communicating risk appetite 126 Risk management maturity 127 There’s more to security than risk 128 It’s a decision support tool 129 The perils of risk assessment 130 Learning from risk management 131 5 Who can you trust? 133 An asset or a liability? 133 People are different 134 The rule of four 135 The need to conform 136 Understand your enemies 137 The face of the enemy 137 Run silent, run deep 138 Dreamers and charmers 139 The unfashionable hacker 140 The psychology of scams 142 Visitors are welcome 142 Where loyalties lie 144 Signs of disloyalty 144 The whistleblower 145 Stemming the leaks 146 Stamping out corruption 147 Know your staff 148 We know what you did 149 Reading between the lines 151 Liberty or death 153 Personality types 154 Personalities and crime 156 The dark triad 157 Cyberspace is less risky 157 Set a thief 159 It’s a glamour profession 160 There are easier ways 160 I just don’t believe it 161 Don’t lose that evidence 162 They had it coming 163 The science of investigation 164 The art of interrogation 165 Secure by design 167 Science and snake oil 167 The art of hypnosis 169 The power of suggestion 170 It’s just an illusion 171 It pays to cooperate 172 Artificial trust 173 Who are you? 173 How many identities? 175 Laws of identity 176 Learning from people 178 6 Managing organization culture and politics 181 When worlds collide 181 What is organization culture? 182 Organizations are different 184 Organizing for security 186 Tackling ‘localitis’ 186 Small is beautiful 187 In search of professionalism 188 Developing careers 190 Skills for information security 191 Information skills 192 Survival skills 194 Navigating the political minefield 195 Square pegs and round holes 196 What’s in a name? 197 Managing relationships 199 Exceeding expectations 200 Nasty or nice 201 In search of a healthy security culture 202 In search of a security mindset 204 Who influences decisions? 205 Dealing with diversity 206 Don’t take yes for an answer 207 Learning from organization culture and politics 208 7 Designing effective awareness programs 211 Requirements for change 211 Understanding the problem 212 Asking the right questions 213 The art of questionnaire design 214 Hitting the spot 215 Campaigns that work 216 Adapting to the audience 217 Memorable messages 218 Let’s play a game 220 The power of three 221 Creating an impact 222 What’s in a word? 224 Benefits not features 225 Using professional support 226 The art of technical writing 227 Marketing experts 228 Brand managers 229 Creative teams 230 The power of the external perspective 230 Managing the media 231 Behavioural psychologists 232 Blogging for security 233 Measuring your success 234 Learning to conduct campaigns 235 8 Transforming organization attitudes and behaviour 237 Changing mindsets 237 Reward beats punishment 238 Changing attitudes 240 Scenario planning 241 Successful uses of scenarios 242 Dangers of scenario planning 243 Images speak louder 244 A novel approach 245 The balance of consequences 245 The power of attribution 248 Environments shape behaviour 248 Enforcing the rules of the network 250 Encouraging business ethics 251 The art of on-line persuasion 251 Learning to change behaviour 252 9 Gaining executive board and business buy-in 255 Countering security fatigue 255 Money isn’t everything 256 What makes a good business case? 257 Aligning with investment appraisal criteria 257 Translating benefits into financial terms 258 Aligning with IT strategy 259 Achieving a decisive result 259 Key elements of a good business case 260 Assembling the business case 261 Identifying and assessing benefits 261 Something from nothing 263 Reducing project risks 263 Framing your recommendations 264 Mastering the pitch 264 Learning how to make the business case 266 10 Designing security systems that work 269 Why systems fail 269 Setting the vision 270 What makes a good vision? 270 Defining your mission 272 Building the strategy 274 Critical success factors for effective governance 275 The smart approach to governance 276 Don’t reinvent the wheel 276 Look for precedents from other fields 277 Take a top down approach 277 Start small, then extend 278 Take a strategic approach 278 Ask the bigger question 279 Identify and assess options 280 Risk assessment or prescriptive controls? 280 In a class of their own 282 Not all labels are the same 283 Guidance for technology and people 284 Designing long-lasting frameworks 285 Applying the fourth dimension 286 Do we have to do that? 287 Steal with caution 289 The golden triangle 290 Managing risks across outsourced supply chains 291 Models, frameworks and architectures 292 Why we need architecture 293 The folly of enterprise security architectures 294 Real-world security architecture 295 The 5Ws (and one H) 296 Occam’s Razor 297 Trust architectures 298 Secure by design 299 Jericho Forum principles 299 Collaboration-oriented architecture 300 Forwards not backwards 301 Capability maturity models 301 The power of metrics 302 Closing the loop 303 The importance of ergonomics 305 It’s more than ease of use 305 The failure of designs 306 Ergonomic methods 307 A nudge in the right direction 308 Learning to design systems that work 308 11 Harnessing the power of the organization 311 The power of networks 311 Surviving in a hostile world 311 Mobilizing the workforce 312 Work smarter, not harder 313 Finding a lever 313 The art of systems thinking 314 Creating virtuous circles 315 Triggering a tipping point 315 Identifying key influencers 316 In search of charisma 318 Understanding fashion 318 The power of context 319 The bigger me 320 The power of the herd 321 The wisdom of crowds 322 Unlimited resources – the power of open source 323 Unlimited purchasing power 324 Let the network to do the work 324 Why is everything getting more complex? 325 Getting to grips with complexity 327 Simple can’t control complex 327 Designing freedom 329 A process-free world 330 The power of expressive systems 331 Emergent behaviour 332 Why innovation is important 332 What is innovation? 333 What inspires people to create? 335 Just one idea is enough 335 The art of creative thinking 336 Yes, you can 336 Outside the box 337 Innovation environments 339 Turning ideas into action 339 Steps to innovation heaven 340 The road ahead 341 Mapping the future 342 Learning to harness the power of the organization 344 In conclusion 347 Bibliography 353 Index 357

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive research guide for both quantitative and qualitative research methods Written by a team of authorities in human-computer interaction (HCI) and usability, this pedagogical guide walks you through the methods used in HCI and examines what are considered to be appropriate research practices in the field.Table of ContentsAbout the Authors xvii Acknowledgments xviii Preface xix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Changes in topics of HCI research over time 3 1.2 Shifts in measurement in HCI 5 1.3 Inherent conflicts in HCI 9 1.4 Interdisciplinary nature of HCI research 11 1.5 Communicating your ideas 13 1.6 Research and usability testing 14 Summary of Chapters 14 Discussion Questions 15 Research Design Exercise 16 References 16 2 Experimental Research 19 2.1 Types of behavioral research 20 2.2 Research hypotheses 22 2.2.1 Null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis 23 2.2.2 Dependent and independent variables 25 2.2.3 Typical independent variables in HCI research 25 2.2.4 Typical dependent variables in HCI research 26 2.3 Basics of experimental research 27 2.3.1 Components of an experiment 27 2.3.2 Randomization 28 2.4 Significance tests 30 2.4.1 Why do we need them? 30 2.4.2 Type I and Type II errors 32 2.4.3 Controlling the risks of Type I and Type II errors 34 2.5 Limitations of experimental research 34 Summary 36 Discussion Questions 37 Research Design Exercises 38 References 38 3 Experimental Design 41 3.1 What needs to be considered when designing experiments? 43 3.2 Determining the basic design structure 44 3.3 Investigating a single independent variable 45 3.3.1 Between-group design and within-group design 46 3.3.2 Choosing the appropriate design approach 49 3.4 Investigating more than one independent variable 53 3.4.1 Factorial design 53 3.4.2 Split-plot design 54 3.4.3 Interaction effects 55 3.5 Reliability of experimental results 57 3.5.1 Random errors 57 3.5.2 Systematic errors 57 3.6 Experimental procedures 63 Summary 64 Discussion Questions 65 Research Design Exercises 65 References 66 4 Statistical Analysis 69 4.1 Preparing data for statistical analysis 70 4.1.1 Cleaning up data 70 4.1.2 Coding data 71 4.1.3 Organizing data 73 4.2 Descriptive statistics 73 4.2.1 Measures of central tendency 73 4.2.2 Measures of spread 74 4.3 Comparing means 74 4.4 T tests 76 4.4.1 Independent-samples t test 76 4.4.2 Paired-samples t test 76 4.4.3 Interpretation of t test results 77 4.4.4 Two-tailed t tests and one-tailed t tests 78 4.5 Analysis of variance 78 4.5.1 One-way ANOVA 79 4.5.2 Factorial ANOVA 80 4.5.3 Repeated measures ANOVA 82 4.5.4 ANOVA for split-plot design 83 4.6 Assumptions of t tests and F tests 86 4.7 Identifying relationships 86 4.8 Regression 89 4.9 Nonparametric statistical tests 91 4.9.1 Chi-square test 92 4.9.2 Other non-parametric tests 94 Summary 94 Discussion Questions 95 Research Design Exercises 96 Team Exercises 96 References 96 5 Surveys 99 5.1 Introduction 100 5.2 Benefits and drawbacks of surveys 101 5.3 Goals and targeted users for survey research 102 5.4 Probabilistic sampling 103 5.4.1 Stratification 105 5.4.2 Response size 106 5.4.3 Errors 106 5.5 Non-probabilistic sampling 107 5.5.1 Demographic data 107 5.5.2 Oversampling 108 5.5.3 Random sampling of usage, not users 109 5.5.4 Self-selected surveys 109 5.5.5 Uninvestigated populations 109 5.6 Developing survey questions 111 5.6.1 Open-ended questions 111 5.6.2 Closed-ended questions 112 5.6.3 Common problems with survey questions 113 5.7 Overall survey structure 113 5.8 Existing surveys 115 5.9 Paper or online surveys? 116 5.10 Testing the survey tool 118 5.11 Response rate 119 5.12 Data analysis 120 Summary 121 Discussion Questions 121 Research Design Exercise 122 References 122 6 Diaries 125 6.1 Introduction 126 6.2 Why do we use diaries in HCI research? 127 6.3 Participants for a diary study 130 6.4 What type of diary? 132 6.4.1 Feedback diary 132 6.4.2 Elicitation diary 133 6.4.3 Hybrid feedback and elicitation diary 134 6.5 Data collection for the diary study 134 6.6 Letting participants know when to record a diary entry 136 6.7 Analysis of diaries 137 Summary 138 Discussion Questions 138 Research Design Exercise 138 References 139 Appendix A Frustration Experience Form (Time Diary) 140 Appendix B Excel Time Diary Form 141 7 Case Studies 143 7.1 Introduction 144 7.2 Observing Sara: a case study of a case study 145 7.3 What is a case study? 147 7.3.1 In-depth investigation of a small number of cases 147 7.3.2 Examination in context 147 7.3.3 Multiple data sources 148 7.3.4 Emphasis on qualitative data and analysis 149 7.4 Goals of HCI case studies 150 7.4.1 Exploration 150 7.4.2 Explanation 151 7.4.3 Description 152 7.4.4 Demonstration 154 7.5 Types of case study 156 7.5.1 Intrinsic or instrumental 156 7.5.2 Single case or multiple cases 156 7.5.3 Embedded or holistic 160 7.6 Research questions and hypotheses 161 7.7 Choosing cases 163 7.8 Data collection 164 7.8.1 Data sources and questions 164 7.8.2 Collecting data 165 7.9 Analysis and interpretation 167 7.10 Writing up the study 168 7.11 Informal case studies 170 Summary 172 Discussion Questions 174 Research Design Exercises 174 References 175 8 Interviews and Focus Groups 177 8.1 Pros and cons of interviews 178 8.2 Applications of interviews in HCI research 180 8.2.1 Initial exploration 180 8.2.2 Requirements gathering 184 8.2.3 Evaluation and subjective reactions 186 8.3 Who to interview 187 8.4 Interview strategies 189 8.4.1 How much structure? 189 8.4.2 Focused and contextual interviews 191 8.5 Interviews vs focus groups 192 8.6 Types of question 194 8.7 Conducting an interview 197 8.7.1 Preparation 197 8.7.2 Recording the responses 198 8.7.3 During the interview 199 8.8 Electronically mediated interviews and focus groups 203 8.8.1 Telephone 204 8.8.2 Online 204 8.9 Analyzing interview data 206 8.9.1 What to analyze 207 8.9.2 How to analyze 208 8.9.3 Validity 212 8.9.4 Reporting Results 212 Summary 213 Discussion Questions 214 Research Design Exercises 214 References 215 9 Ethnography 217 9.1 Introduction 218 9.2 What is ethnography? 219 9.3 Ethnography in HCI 221 9.4 Conducting ethnographic research 224 9.4.1 Selecting a site or group of interest 225 9.4.2 Participating: choosing a role 227 9.4.3 Building relationships 230 9.4.4 Making contact 231 9.4.5 Interviewing, observing, analyzing, repeating, and theorizing 232 9.4.6 Reporting results 236 9.5 Some examples 237 9.5.1 Home settings 237 9.5.2 Work settings 238 9.5.3 Educational settings 239 9.5.4 Ethnographies of mobile and ubiquitous systems 240 9.5.5 Virtual ethnography 241 Summary 246 Discussion Questions 246 Research Design Exercises 247 References 248 10 Usability Testing 251 10.1 What is usability testing? 252 10.2 How does usability testing relate to traditional research? 254 10.3 Types of usability testing or usability inspections 256 10.3.1 Expert-based testing 256 10.3.2 Automated usability testing 258 10.4 User-based testing 260 10.4.1 Types of usability testing 260 10.4.2 Stages of usability testing 262 10.4.3 How many users are sufficient? 263 10.4.4 Locations for usability testing 264 10.4.5 Task list 268 10.4.6 Measurement 270 10.4.7 The testing session 271 10.4.8 Making sense of the data 274 10.5 Other variations on usability testing 275 Summary 276 Discussion Questions 276 Research Design Exercise 277 References 277 11 Analyzing Qualitative Data 281 11.1 Introduction 282 11.2 Stages of qualitative analysis 282 11.3 Grounded theory 283 11.4 Content analysis 285 11.4.1 What is content? 286 11.4.2 Why do we need to collect text or multimedia information? 286 11.4.3 Questions to consider before content analysis 287 11.5 Analyzing text content 289 11.5.1 Procedure 289 11.5.2 Identifying coding categories 290 11.5.3 Coding the text 292 11.5.4 Ensuring high-quality analysis 294 11.6 Analyzing multimedia content 300 Summary 301 Discussion Questions 302 Research Design Exercise 303 References 303 12 Automated Data Collection Methods 307 12.1 Exploiting existing tools 308 12.1.1 Web logs 309 12.1.2 Stored application data 315 12.2 Using software to observe and record 317 12.2.1 Web proxies 317 12.2.2 Instrumented software 321 12.2.3 Custom-built software 324 12.2.4 Handling stored data 327 12.2.5 Keystroke and activity loggers 328 12.2.6 Analyzing log files 329 12.3 Hybrid data collection methods 330 12.4 Automated interface evaluation 333 12.5 Challenges of computerized data collection 333 Summary 336 Discussion Questions 337 Research Design Exercises 338 References 339 13 Measuring the Human 343 13.1 Eye tracking 344 13.2 Physiological tools 350 13.2.1 Physiological data 351 13.2.2 Challenges in data collection and interpretation 356 13.3 Examples of physiological research in HCI 359 Summary 361 Discussion Questions 362 Research Design Exercise 363 References 363 14 Working with Human Subjects 367 14.1 Identifying potential participants 368 14.1.1 Which subjects? 369 14.1.2 How many subjects? 371 14.1.3 Recruiting participants 373 14.2 Care and handling of research participants 376 14.2.1 Protecting participants 376 14.2.2 Informed consent 381 14.2.3 Institutional review boards 384 14.2.4 Potentially deceptive research? 387 14.2.5 General concerns 388 14.3 Online research 389 14.3.1 Appropriate topics for online research 389 14.3.2 Recruiting 389 14.3.3 Study design 391 14.3.4 Ethical concerns 391 14.3.5 Data collection 392 Summary 393 Discussion Questions 394 Research Design Exercises 395 References 396 15 Working with Research Participants with Impairments 399 15.1 Introduction 400 15.2 How many participants? 401 15.2.1 Small sample sizes 401 15.2.2 Distributed research 401 15.2.3 In-depth case studies 402 15.3 Proxy users 403 15.4 Multi-Population Studies 404 15.5 Recruiting users through community partners 405 15.6 Pilot studies 407 15.7 Scheduling users with impairments 408 15.8 Documentation for users with impairments 409 15.8.1 Human subjects forms 409 15.8.2 Research documentation 410 15.9 Differing levels of ability 412 15.10 Bringing extra computer parts 413 15.11 Payment 415 Summary 415 Discussion Questions 415 Research Design Exercise 416 References 416 Index 419

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Book SynopsisReal--time software is indispensable to all ultrareliable and safety critical applications. Providing an introduction to real--time scheduling within centralised and distributed systems, this work covers issues such as clocks, specification, design and modelling.Table of ContentsIntroduction. 1. Basic Concepts. Real-time applications. Basic notions for real-time task scheduling. 2. Scheduling of Independent Tasks. Basic on-line algorithms for periodic tasks. Hybrid task sets scheduling. 3. Scheduling of Dependent Tasks. Tasks for precedence relationships. Tasks sharing critical resources. 4. Scheduling Schemes for Handling Overload. Scheduling techniques in overload conditions. Handling real-time tasks with varying timing parameters. Handling overload conditions for hybrid task sets. 5. Multiprocessor Scheduling. Introduction. First results and comparison with uniprocessor scheduling. Multiprocessor scheduling anomalies. Schedulability conditions. Scheduling algorithms. 6. Joint Scheduling of Tasks and Messages in Distributed Systems. Overview of distributed real-time systems. Task allocation in real-time distributed systems. Real-time traffic. Message scheduling. Conclusion. 7. Packet Scheduling in Networks. Introduction. Network and traffic models. Service disciplines. Work-conserving service disciplines. Non-work-conserving service disciplines. 8. Software Environment. Real-time operating system and real-time kernel. Real-time languages. Real-time middleware. Summary of scheduling capabilities of standardized components. 9. Case Studies. Real-time acquisition and analysis of rolling mill signals. Embedded real-time application: Mars Pathfinder mission. Distributed automotive application.

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Book SynopsisAddresses the "terminology gap" between enterprise network planners and telecommunications engineers, who must understand the transport requirements of storage networks in order to implement distributed storage networks. This book includes example network configurations providing solutions to typical user scenarios.Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. Acknowledgements. List of Figures. List of Tables. 1. Introduction to Storage Networking. 1.1 Overview. 1.2 Evolution of Storage Netwroking. 1.3 Terminology. 1.4 Storage Concepts. 1.5 SAN Applications. 1.6 Summary. 2. Applications for Distributed Storage Networking. 2.1 Storage Integration. 2.2 Remote Backup/Restoral. 2.3 Disk Mirroring. 2.4 Data Migration. 2.5 Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery. 2.6 Remote Operation of Peripheral Devices. 2.7 Mainframe/Open Systems Connectivity. 2.8 Network Attached Storage (NAS). 2.9 Summary. 3. Distance Considerations for Storage Networks. 3.1 Physical Layer. 3.2 Protocol Considerations. 3.3 Caching. 3.4 Summary. 4. Architectures for Distributed Storage Networking. 4.1 Storage Networking in the Business Park. 4.2 Storage Networking in the Metro Network. 4.3 Storage Networking in the Wide Area Network. 4.4 Summary. 5. Protocols for Distributed Storage Networking. 5.1 Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI). 5.2 Enterprise Systems Connection (ESCON). 5.3 Fiber Connection (FICON). 5.4 Fibre Channel (FC). 5.5 Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) and 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10G Ethernet). 5.6 Protocol Summary. 6. InfiniBand. 6.1 Applications. 6.2 Standards. 6.3 Network Topology. 6.4 Addressing. 6.5 Data Framing. 6.6 Physical layer. 6.7 Summary. 7. MAN/WAN Protocols for Distributed Storage Networking. 7.1 Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM). 7.2 Time Division Multiplexing and SONET. 7.3 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). 7.4 Generic Framing Procedure (GFP). 7.5 Summary - WAN/MAN Protocols. 8. Storage Over IP. 8.1 Overview. 8.2 Internet SCSI (iSCSI). 8.3 Fibre Channel and IP Netwroks. 8.4 Summary. 9. Storage Management Requirements. 9.1 Overview. 9.2 Standards. 9.3 The SNIA Shared Storage Model. 9.4 The SNIA Management Model. 9.5 The SNIA Prototype. 9.6 Distance Considerations for Storage management. 9.7 Summary. 10. Security Considerations. 10.1 Overview. 10.2 Physical Security. 10.3 User Login and Administration. 10.4 Management Interfaces. 10.5 Firewalls. 10.6 Encryption and IPSec. 10.7 Public Key Infrastructure and Digital Certificates. 10.8 Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). 10.9 SAN Security. 10.10 NAS Security. 10.11 Analyzing Network Architecture for Security Issues. 10.12 Summary. 11. Planning Distributed Storage Networks. 11.1 Selexting an Architecture. 11.2 Optical Fiber Planning. 11.3 Security Planning. 11.4 Outsourcing Storage. 11.5 Return on Investment (ROI). 11.6 Summary. 12. Glossary of Terms. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisPresents an introduction to bioinformatics computing skills and practice. This book covers the skills vital to the day-to-day activities of bioinformatician.Trade Review"...such a helpful and relevant book...I am following [an] MSc distance learning course in Bioinformatics...I would have been at a complete loss without your book!" (Susan Tzotzos MSc, PhD, Vienna, Austria)Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Setting the Biological Scene. 2. Setting the Technological Scene. I: WORKING WITH PERL. 3. The Basics. 4. Places to Put Things. 5. Getting Organised. 6. About Files. 7. Patterns, Patterns and More Patterns. 8. Perl Grabbag. II: WORKING WITH DATA. 9. Downloading Datasets. 10. The Protein Databank. 11. Non-redundant Datasets. 12. Databases. 13. Databases and Perl. III: WORKING WITH THE WEB. 14. The Sequence Retrieval System. 15. Web Technologies. 16. Web Automation. IV: WORKING WITH APPLICATIONS. 17. Tools and Datasets. 18. Applications. 19. Data Visualisation. 20. Introducing Bioperl. Appendix: A—F. Index.

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Book SynopsisSoftware documentation forms the basis for all communication relating to a software project. To be truly effective and usable, it should be based on what needs to be known. Agile Documentation provides sound advice on how to produce lean and lightweight software documentation.Trade Review??many (Test Documents) would benefit from this treatment?? (Professional Tester, October 03) "...applicable to documentation for any project...highly recommended..." (CVu, Vol 16(4), August 2004)Table of ContentsForeword ix Preface xi Acknowledgements xvii Introduction 1 Project Background 11 1 Finding the Right Topics 19 Target Readers 24 Focused Information 26 Individual Documentation Requirements 28 Documentation Portfolio 30 Focus on Long-Term Relevance 34 Specification as a Joint Effort 36 Design Rationale 39 The Big Picture 40 Separation of Description and Evaluation 42 Realistic Examples 44 Experience Reports 46 2 Structuring Individual Documents 61 Structured information 66 Judicious Diagrams 70 Unambiguous Tables 73 Guidelines for Readers 75 Thumbnail Sketches 77 Traceable References 78 Glossary 79 Document History 81 Experience Reports 82 3 Layout and Typography 93 Text on 50% of a Page 98 Two Alphabets per Line 100 120% Line Spacing 102 Two Typefaces 104 Careful Use of Type Variations 106 Careful Ruling and Shading 108 Adjacent Placement 109 Coherent Pages 111 Experience Reports 112 4 Infrastructure and Technical Organisation 117 Document Landscape 120 Document Archive 123 Wiki 125 Code-Comment Proximity 126 Reader-Friendly Media 128 Separation of Contents and Layout 131 Single Source and Multiple Targets 133 Import by Reference 136 Separation of Processing and Printing 138 Document Templates 139 Few Tools 142 Annotated Changes 144 Notification upon Update 145 Reorganisation upon Request 147 Experience Reports 149 5 Management and Quality Assurance 159 A Distinct Activity 161 One Responsible Author 164 Continuing Documentation 166 Writing and Reflection 168 Review Culture 170 Review Before Delivery 174 Customer Review 175 A Distant View 177 Information Marketplace 179 Knowledge Management 180 Experience Reports 182 Final Remarks 193 Pattern Thumbnails 197 Finding the Right Topics 197 Structuring Individual Documents 198 Layout and Typography 200 Infrastructure and Technical Organisation 201 Management and Quality Assurance 203 Glossary 205 References 211 Index 221

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Book SynopsisVSAT Networks: Second Edition covers all the important issues involved with the installation of VSAT systems.Since the first edition was published, the VSAT market has continued to expand steadily. VSAT technologies have advanced, prompting an increase in the take-up of VSAT services.Offering a comprehensive introduction to the topic followed by a detailed exploration of multiple access protocols, delay analysis and system dimensioning, this edition is a highly relevant update of VSAT Networks. Written by a well respected and established member of the satellite community, it will be welcomed be academics and engineers alike. Covers important issues of services, economics and regulatory aspects Provides a detailed technical insight on networking and radio frequency link aspects, therefore addressing the specific features of VSAT networks at the three lower layers of the OSI Reference Layer Model for data communications This timely secTable of ContentsPreface ix Acronyms and Abbreviations xiii Notation xvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 VSAT network definition 1 1.2 VSAT network configurations 5 1.3 User terminal connectivity 9 1.4 VSAT network applications and types of traffic 11 1.4.1 Civilian VSAT networks 11 1.4.2 Military VSAT networks 15 1.5 VSAT networks: involved parties 15 1.6 VSAT network options 17 1.6.1 Star or mesh? 17 1.6.2 Data/voice/video 21 1.6.3 Fixed/demand assignment 22 1.6.4 Frequency bands 24 1.6.5 Hub options 29 1.7 VSAT network earth stations 30 1.7.1 VSAT station 30 1.7.2 Hub station 35 1.8 Economic aspects 39 1.9 Regulatory aspects 41 1.9.1 Licensing 42 1.9.2 Access to the space segment 43 1.9.3 Local regulations 43 1.10 Conclusions 44 1.10.1 Advantages 44 1.10.2 Drawbacks 45 2 Use of satellites for VSAT networks 47 2.1 Introduction 48 2.1.1 The relay function 48 2.1.2 Transparent and regenerative payload 50 2.1.3 Coverage 52 2.1.4 Impact of coverage on satellite relay performance 55 2.1.5 Frequency reuse 59 2.2 Orbits 60 2.2.1 Newton’s universal law of attraction 60 2.2.2 Orbital parameters 61 2.3 The geostationary satellite 65 2.3.1 Orbit parameters 65 2.3.2 Launching the satellite 65 2.3.3 Distance to the satellite 68 2.3.4 Propagation delay 69 2.3.5 Conjunction of the sun and the satellite 69 2.3.6 Orbit perturbations 70 2.3.7 Apparent satellite movement 72 2.3.8 Orbit corrections 76 2.3.9 Doppler effect 77 2.4 Satellites for VSAT services 77 3 Operational aspects 79 3.1 Installation 79 3.1.1 Hub 79 3.1.2 VSAT 79 3.1.3 Antenna pointing 81 3.2 The customer’s concerns 85 3.2.1 Interfaces to end equipment 86 3.2.2 Independence from vendor 86 3.2.3 Set-up time 86 3.2.4 Access to the service 87 3.2.5 Flexibility 87 3.2.6 Failure and disaster recovery 87 3.2.7 Blocking probability 89 3.2.8 Response time 90 3.2.9 Link quality 91 3.2.10 Availability 91 3.2.11 Maintenance 96 3.2.12 Hazards 97 3.2.13 Cost 97 4 Networking aspects 99 4.1 Network functions 99 4.2 Some definitions 100 4.2.1 Links and connections 100 4.2.2 Bit rate 101 4.2.3 Protocols 103 4.2.4 Delay 103 4.2.5 Throughput 104 4.2.6 Channel efficiency 104 4.2.7 Channel utilisation 104 4.3 Traffic characterisation 105 4.3.1 Traffic forecasts 105 4.3.2 Traffic measurements 105 4.3.3 Traffic source modelling 106 4.4 The OSI reference model for data communications 110 4.4.1 The physical layer 112 4.4.2 The data link layer 112 4.4.3 The network layer 114 4.4.4 The transport layer 115 4.4.5 The upper layers (5 to 7) 116 4.5 Application to VSAT networks 116 4.5.1 Physical and protocol configurations of a VSAT network 116 4.5.2 Protocol conversion (emulation) 116 4.5.3 Reasons for protocol conversion 118 4.6 Multiple access 127 4.6.1 Basic multiple access protocols 129 4.6.2 Meshed networks 131 4.6.3 Star-shaped networks 134 4.6.4 Fixed assignment versus demand assignment 141 4.6.5 Random time division multiple access 149 4.6.6 Delay analysis 155 4.6.7 Conclusion 161 4.7 Network design 163 4.7.1 Principles 163 4.7.2 Guidelines for preliminary dimensioning 164 4.7.3 Example 168 4.8 Conclusion 169 5 Radio frequency link analysis 171 5.1 Principles 172 5.1.1 Thermal noise 173 5.1.2 Interference noise 174 5.1.3 Intermodulation noise 174 5.1.4 Carrier power to noise power spectral density ratio 176 5.1.5 Total noise 176 5.2 Uplink analysis 179 5.2.1 Power flux density at satellite distance 180 5.2.2 Effective isotropic radiated power of the earth station 181 5.2.3 Uplink path loss 188 5.2.4 Figure of merit of satellite receiving equipment 194 5.3 Downlink analysis 195 5.3.1 Effective isotropic radiated power of the satellite 197 5.3.2 Power Flux density at earth surface 197 5.3.3 Downlink path loss 198 5.3.4 Figure of merit of earth station receiving equipment 198 5.4 Intermodulation analysis 205 5.5 Interference analysis 207 5.5.1 Expressions for carrier-to-interference ratio 207 5.5.2 Types of interference 208 5.5.3 Self-interference 209 5.5.4 External interference 219 5.5.5 Conclusion 225 5.6 Overall link performance 226 5.7 Bit error rate determination 229 5.8 Power versus bandwidth exchange 231 5.9 Example 231 Appendices 239 Appendix 1: Traffic source models 239 Appendix 2: Automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocols 242 Appendix 3: Interface protocols 245 Appendix 4: Antenna parameters 250 Appendix 5: Emitted and received power 254 Appendix 6: Carrier amplification 257 Appendix 7: VSAT products 260 References 265 Index 267

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Book SynopsisA highly accessible reference offering a broad range of topics and insights on large scale network-centric distributed systems Evolving from the fields of high-performance computing and networking, large scale network-centric distributed systems continues to grow as one of the most important topics in computing and communication and many interdisciplinary areas. Dealing with both wired and wireless networks, this book focuses on the design and performance issues of such systems. Large Scale Network-Centric Distributed Systems provides in-depth coverage ranging from ground-level hardware issues (such as buffer organization, router delay, and flow control) to the high-level issues immediately concerning application or system users (including parallel programming, middleware, and OS support for such computing systems). Arranged in five parts, it explains and analyzes complex topics to an unprecedented degree: Part 1: Multicore and Many-CoTable of ContentsPreface xxix Acknowledgments xxxvii List of Figures xxxix List of Tables li List of Contributors lv PART 1 MULTICORE AND MANY-CORE (MC) SYSTEMS-ON-CHIP 1 A RECONFIGURABLE ON-CHIP INTERCONNECTION NETWORK FOR LARGE MULTICORE SYSTEMS 3 Mehdi Modarressi and Hamid Sarbazi-Azad 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Topology and Reconfiguration 8 1.3 The Proposed NoC Architecture 9 1.4 Energy and Performance-Aware Mapping 14 1.5 Experimental Results 19 1.6 Conclusion 25 2 COMPILERS, TECHNIQUES, AND TOOLS FOR SUPPORTING PROGRAMMING HETEROGENEOUS MANY/MULTICORE SYSTEMS 31 Pasquale Cantiello, Beniamino Di Martino, and Francesco Moscato 2.1 Introduction 32 2.2 Programming Models and Tools for Many/Multicore 32 2.3 Compilers and Support Tools 42 2.4 CALuMET: A Tool for Supporting Software Parallelization 45 2.5 Conclusion 49 3 A MULTITHREADED BRANCH-AND-BOUND ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING THE FLOW-SHOP PROBLEM ON A MULTICORE ENVIRONMENT 53 Mohand Mezmaz, Nouredine Melab, and Daniel Tuyttens 3.1 Introduction 54 3.2 Flow-Shop Scheduling Problem 55 3.3 Parallel Branch-and-Bound Algorithms 56 3.4 A Multithreaded Branch-and-Bound 58 3.5 The Proposed Multithreaded B&B 60 3.6 Experiments and Results 63 3.7 Conclusion 68 PART 2 PERVASIVE/UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING AND PEER-TO-PEER SYSTEMS 4 LARGE-SCALE P2P-INSPIRED PROBLEM-SOLVING: A FORMAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY 73 Mathieu Djama¨ý, Bilel Derbel, and Nouredine Melab 4.1 Introduction 74 4.2 Background 77 4.3 A Pure Peer-to-Peer B&B Approach 80 4.4 Complexity Issues 87 4.5 Experimental Results 90 4.6 Conclusion 99 Acknowledgment 99 5 DATA DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT 103 Azzedine Boukerche and Yunfeng Gu 5.1 Addressing DDM in Different Network Environments 104 5.2 DDM in P2P Overlay Networks 106 5.3 DDM in Cluster-Based Network Environments 111 6 MIDDLEWARE SUPPORT FOR CONTEXT HANDLING AND INTEGRATION IN UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING 123 Frederico Lopes, Paulo F. Pires, Flávia C. Delicato, Thais Batista, and Luci Pirmez 6.1 Introduction 124 6.2 Ubiquitous Computing 126 6.3 Middleware for Ubiquitous Computing 128 6.4 A Solution to Integrating Context Provision Middleware for Ubiquitous Computing 133 6.5 Conclusion 142 PART 3 WIRELESS/MOBILE NETWORKS 7 CHALLENGES IN THE USE OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS FOR MONITORING THE HEALTH OF CIVIL STRUCTURES 147 Flávia C. Delicato, Igor L. dos Santos, Luci Pirmez, Paulo F. Pires, and Claudio M. de Farias 7.1 Introduction 148 7.2 Structural Health Monitoring 150 7.3 Wireless Sensor Networks 155 7.4 Applying Wireless Sensor Networks for Structural Health Monitoring 157 7.5 Conclusion 163 8 MOBILITY EFFECTS IN WIRELESS MOBILE NETWORKS 167 Abbas Nayebi and Hamid Sarbazi-Azad 8.1 Introduction 167 8.2 The Effect of Node Mobility on Wireless Links 168 8.3 The Effect of Node Mobility on Network Topology 172 8.4 Conclusion 177 9 ANALYTICAL MODEL OF TIME-CRITICAL WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK: THEORY AND EVALUATION 183 Kambiz Mizanian and Amir Hossein Jahangir 9.1 Introduction 184 9.2 Real-Time Wireless Sensor Network: An Overview 185 9.3 Real-Time Degree 188 9.4 Reliable Real-Time Degree 195 9.5 Model Validation 197 9.6 Conclusion 199 10 MULTICAST TRANSPORT PROTOCOLS FOR LARGE-SCALE DISTRIBUTED COLLABORATIVE ENVIRONMENTS 203 Haifa Raja Maamar and Azzedine Boukerche 10.1 Introduction 204 10.2 Definition and Features 204 10.3 Classification of Multicast Protocols 207 10.4 Conclusion 216 11 NATURE-INSPIRED COMPUTING FOR AUTONOMIC WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 219 Wei Li, Javid Taheri, Albert Y. Zomaya, Franciszek Seredynski, and Bjorn Landfeldt 11.1 Introduction 220 11.2 Autonomic WSNs 222 11.3 Principles of Nature-Inspired Computing 224 11.4 Cellular Automata 226 11.5 Swarm Intelligence 228 11.6 Artificial Immune Systems 233 11.7 Evolutionary Computing 238 11.8 Molecular Biology 242 11.9 Bio-Networking Architecture 243 11.10 Conclusion 244 PART 4 GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING 12 SMART RPC-BASED COMPUTING IN GRIDS AND ON CLOUDS 257 Thomas Brady, Oleg Girko, and Alexey Lastovetsky 12.1 Introduction 258 12.2 SmartGridRPC and SmartGridSolve 266 12.3 Making SmartGridSolve Smarter 277 12.4 Smart RPC-Based Computing on Clouds: Adaptation of SmartGridRPC and SmartGridSolve to Cloud Computing 282 13 PROFIT-MAXIMIZING RESOURCE ALLOCATION FOR MULTITIER CLOUD COMPUTING SYSTEMS UNDER SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENTS 291 Hadi Goudarzi and Massoud Pedram 13.1 Introduction 292 13.2 Review of Datacenter Power Management Techniques 294 13.3 Review of Datacenter Performance Management Techniques 296 13.4 System Model of a Multitier Application Placement Problem 298 13.5 Profit Maximization in a Hosting Datacenter 303 13.6 Simulation Results 310 13.7 Conclusion 314 14 MARKET-ORIENTED CLOUD COMPUTING AND THE CLOUDBUS TOOLKIT 319 Rajkumar Buyya, Suraj Pandey, and Christian Vecchiola 14.1 Introduction 320 14.2 Cloud Computing 322 14.3 Cloudbus: Vision and Architecture 338 14.4 Cloudbus and Clouds Lab Technologies 340 14.5 Experimental Results 345 14.6 Related Technologies, Integration, and Deployment 350 14.7 Conclusion 351 15 A CLOUD BROKER ARCHITECTURE FOR MULTICLOUD ENVIRONMENTS 359 Jose Luis Lucas-Simarro, Iñigo San Aniceto, Rafael Moreno-Vozmediano, Ruben S. Montero, and Ignacio M. Llorente 15.1 Introduction 360 15.2 State of the Art on Cloud Brokering 361 15.3 Challenges of Cloud Brokering 363 15.4 Proposal of a Broker Architecture for Multicloud Environments 364 15.5 Scheduling Policies for Efficient Cloud Brokering 367 15.6 Results 369 15.7 Conclusion 373 16 ENERGY-EFFICIENT RESOURCE UTILIZATION IN CLOUD COMPUTING 377 Giorgio L. Valentini, Samee U. Khan, and Pascal Bouvry 16.1 Introduction 378 16.2 Related Work 380 16.3 Energy-Efficient Utilization of Resources in Cloud Computing Systems 381 16.4 Complementarity Approach 386 16.5 Simulation Results 395 16.6 Discussion of Results 402 16.7 Conclusion 404 17 SEMANTICS-BASED RESOURCE DISCOVERY IN LARGE-SCALE GRIDS 409 Juan Li, Samee U. Khan, and Nasir Ghani 17.1 Introduction 410 17.2 Related Work 411 17.3 Virtual Organization Formation 412 17.4 Semantics-Based Resource Discovery in Virtual Organizations 417 17.5 Prototype Implementation and Evaluation 421 17.6 Conclusion 427 18 GAME-BASED MODELS OF GRID USER’S DECISIONS IN SECURITY-AWARE SCHEDULING 431 Joanna Kolodziej, Samee U. Khan, Lizhe Wang, and Dan Chen 18.1 Introduction 432 18.2 Security-Aware Scheduling Problems in Computational Grids 433 18.3 Game Models in Security-Aware Grid Scheduling 441 18.4 Case Study: Approximating the Equilibrium States of the End Users’ Symmetric Game Using the Genetic Metaheuristics 447 18.5 Conclusion 460 19 ADDRESSING OPEN ISSUES ON PERFORMANCE EVALUATION IN CLOUD COMPUTING 463 Beniamino Di Martino, Massimo Ficco, Massimiliano Rak,and Salvatore Venticinque 19.1 Introduction 464 19.2 Benchmarking Approaches 465 19.3 Monitoring in Cloud Computing 468 19.4 Attack Countermeasures in Cloud Computing 474 19.5 Conclusion 480 20 BROKER-MEDIATED CLOUD-AGGREGATION MECHANISM USING MARKOVIAN QUEUES FOR SCHEDULING BAG-OF-TASKS (BOT) APPLICATIONS 485 Ganesh Neelakanta Iyer and Bharadwaj Veeravalli 20.1 Introduction 486 20.2 Literature Review and Contributions 487 20.3 Problem Setting and Notations 488 20.4 Proposed Cloud Aggregation Mechanism 489 20.5 Performance Evaluation and Discussions 494 20.6 Discussions 497 20.7 Conclusion 498 21 ON THE DESIGN OF A BUDGET-CONSCIOUS ADAPTIVE SCHEDULER FOR HANDLING LARGE-SCALE MANY-TASK WORKFLOW APPLICATIONS IN CLOUDS 503 Bharadwaj Veeravalli, Lingfang Zeng, and Xiaorong Li 21.1 Introduction 504 21.2 Related Work and Motivation 505 21.3 System Model and Problem Setting 506 21.4 Proposed Scheduling Algorithm 512 21.5 Performance Evaluation and Results 516 21.6 Conclusion 522 22 VIRTUALIZED ENVIRONMENT ISSUES IN THE CONTEXT OF A SCIENTIFIC PRIVATE CLOUD 527 Bruno Schulze, Henrique de Medeiros Klˆoh, Matheus Bousquet Bandini, Antonio Roberto Mury, Daniel Massami Muniz Yokoyama, Victor Dias de Oliveira, F´abio Andr´e Machado Porto, and Giacomo Victor McEvoy Valenzano 22.1 Introduction 528 22.2 Related Works 528 22.3 Methodology 531 22.4 Experiments 533 22.5 Conclusion 544 22.6 Glossary 546 PART 5 OTHER TOPICS RELATED TO NETWORK-CENTRIC COMPUTING AND ITS APPLICATIONS 23 IN-ADVANCE BANDWIDTH SCHEDULING IN e-SCIENCE NETWORKS 551 Yan Li, Eunsung Jung, Sanjay Ranka, Nageswara S. Rao, and Sartaj Sahni 23.1 Introduction 552 23.2 Temporal Network Model 554 23.3 Single-Path Scheduling 556 23.4 Multiple-Path Scheduling 570 23.5 Conclusion 587 24 ROUTING AND WAVELENGTH ASSIGNMENT IN OPTICAL NETWORKS 591 Yan Li, Sanjay Ranka, and Sartaj Sahni 24.1 Introduction 592 24.2 Scheduling in Full-Wavelength Conversion Network 593 24.3 Scheduling in Sparse Wavelength Conversion Network 603 25 COMPUTATIONAL GRAPH ANALYTICS FOR MASSIVE STREAMING DATA 619 David Ediger, Jason Riedy, David A. Bader, and Henning Meyerhenke 25.1 Introduction 620 25.2 STINGER: A General-Purpose Data Structure for Dynamic Graphs 622 25.3 Algorithm for Updating Clustering Coefficients 625 25.4 Tracking Connected Components in Scale-Free Graphs 628 25.5 Implementation 632 25.6 Experimental Results 634 25.7 Related Work 643 25.8 Conclusion 644 26 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FOR FAULT-TOLERANT WATER DISTRIBUTION 649 Jing Lin, Ali Hurson, and Sahra Sedigh 26.1 Introduction 650 26.2 Related Work 652 26.3 Agent-Based Model for WDN Operation 653 26.4 Classes in WDN Ontology Framework 656 26.5 Automated Failure Classification and Mitigation 659 26.6 Validation of Automated Failure Mitigation 668 26.7 Conclusion 674 Acknowledgment 675 References 675 Index 679

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Book Synopsis* Young researchers (doctoral students and PostDocs) can use this book to learn about the related research work and use it as a reference. * Graduate students can use this book for courses related to parallel programming.Table of ContentsLIST OF CONTRIBUTORS ix PREFACE xv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xxiii ACRONYMS xxv PART I FOUNDATIONS 1 Multi- and Many-Cores, Architectural Overview for Programmers 1Lasse Natvig, Alexandru Iordan, Mujahed Eleyat, Magnus Jahre and Jorn Amundsen 2 Programming Models for MultiCore and Many-Core Computing Systems 29Ana Lucia Varbanescu, Rob V. van Nieuwpoort, Pieter Hijma, Henri E. Bal, Rosa M. Badia and Xavier Martorell 3 Lock-free Concurrent Data Structures 59Daniel Cederman, Anders Gidenstam, Phuong Ha, Håkan Sundell, Marina Papatriantafilou and Philippas Tsigas 4 Software Transactional Memory 81Sandya Mannarswamy PART II PROGRAMMING APPROACHES 5 Hybrid/Heterogeneous Programming with OMPSs and its Software/Hardware Implications 101Eduard Ayguade, Rosa M. Badia, Pieter Bellens, Javier Bueno, Alejandro Duran, Yoav Etsion, Montse Farreras, Roger Ferrer, Jesus Labarta, Vladimir Marjanovic, Lluis Martinell, Xavier Martorell, Josep M. Perez, Judit Planas, Alex Ramirez, Xavier Teruel, Ioanna Tsalouchidou and Mateo Valero 6 Skeleton Programming for Portable Many-Core Computing 121Christoph Kessler, Sergei Gorlatch, Johan Enmyren, Usman Dastgeer, Michel Steuwer and Philipp Kegel 7 DSL Stream Programming on Multicore Architectures 143Pablo de Oliveira Castro, Stephane Louise and Denis Barthou´ 8 Programming with Transactional Memory 165Vincent Gramoli and Rachid Guerraoui 9 Object-Oriented Stream Programming 185Frank Otto and Walter F. Tichy 10 Software-Based Speculative Parallelization 205Chen Tian, Min Feng and Rajiv Gupta 11 Autonomic Distribution and Adaptation 227Lutz Schubert, Stefan Wesner, Daniel Rubio Bonilla and Tom-maso Cucinotta PART III PROGRAMMING FRAMEWORKS 12 PEPPHER: Performance Portability and Programmability for Heterogeneous Many-Core Architectures 243Siegfried Benkner, Sabri Pllana, Jesper Larsson Trff, Philippas Tsigas, Andrew Richards, George Russell, Samuel Thibault, Cdric Augonnet, Raymond Namyst, Herbert Cornelius, Christoph Keler, David Moloney and Peter Sanders 13 Fastflow: High-Level and Efficient Streaming on Multicore 261Marco Aldinucci, Marco Danelutto, Peter Kilpatrick and Massimo Torquati 14 Parallel Programming Framework for H.264/AVC Video Encoding in Multicore Systems 281Nuno Roma, Antnio Rodrigues and Leonel Sousa 15 Parallelizing Evolutionary Algorithms on GPGPU Cards with the EASEA Platform 301Ogier Maitre, Frederic Kruger, Deepak Sharma, Stephane Querry, Nicolas Lachiche and Pierre Collet PART IV TESTINE, EVALUATION AN OPTIMIZATION 16 Smart Interleavings for Testing Parallel Programs 323Eitan Farchi 17 Parallel Performance Evaluation and Optimization 343Hazim Shafi 18 A Methodology for Optimizing Multithreaded System Scalability on Multicores 363Neil Gunther, Shanti Subramanyam and Stefan Parvu 19 Improving Multicore System Performance through Data Compression 385Ozcan Ozturk and Mahmut Kandemir PART V SCHEDULING AND MANAGEMENT 20 Programming and Managing Resources on Accelerator-Enabled Clusters 407M. Mustafa Rafique, Ali R. Butt and Dimitrios S. Nikolopoulos 21 An Approach for Efficient Execution of SPMD Applications on Multicore Clusters 431Ronal Muresano, Dolores Rexachs and Emilio Luque 22 Operating System and Scheduling for Future Multicore and Many-Core Platforms 451Tommaso Cucinotta, Giuseppe Lipari and Lutz Schubert GLOSSARY 475 INDEX 481

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Book SynopsisClick here to read ACCU''s review of this book.This text is an indispensable collection of four tutorials covering concepts in modern engineering computations, and engineering programming in ANSI C, MATLAB Version 5 and Java 1.1.Table of ContentsCONCEPTS IN MODERN ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS. Introduction to Engineering Computations. Principles of Engineering Software Development. C PROGRAMMING TUTORIAL. Getting Started. Basic Data Types and Variables. Operators and Expressions. Control of Flow. Functions I. Arrays and Pointers. Functions II. Dynamic Allocation of Memory. The C Preprocessor. Input and Output. MATLAB PROGRAMMING TUTORIAL. Introduction to MATLAB. MATLAB Graphics. Solution of Linear Matrix Equations. JAVA PROGRAMMING TUTORIAL. Introduction to Java. Object-Oriented Program Design. The Java Language. Java Graphics. Appendices. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisIntended specifically for practicing professionals and advanced students in chemistry and biochemistry, this invaluable book covers the full range of the computer applications in these fields, including numerical, nonnumerical, and graphics applications. New material includes multiple linear regression using MREG, principal-components analysis, Monte Carlo integration, parameterization of the force field, and molecular modeling software. Major areas covered include: * Error, Statistics, and the Floating-Point Number System * Curve Fitting * Multiple Linear Regression Analysis * Numerical Integration * Numerical Solution of Differential Equations * Matrix Methods and Linear Equation Systems * Random Numbers and Monte Carlo Simulation * Simplex Optimization * Chemical Structure Information Handling * Mathematical Graph Theory * Substructure Searching * Molecular Mechanics and Molecular Dynamics * Pattern Recognition * ArtifTable of ContentsError, Statistics, and the Floating-Point Number System. Curve Fitting. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. Numerical Integration. Numerical Solution of Differential Equations. Matrix Methods and Linear Equation Systems. Random Numbers and Monte Carlo Simulation. Simplex Optimization. Chemical Structure Information Handling. Mathematical Graph Theory. Substructure Searching. Molecular Mechanics and Molecular Dynamics. Pattern Recognition. Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems. Spectroscopic Library Searching and Structure Elucidation. Graphical Display of Data. Graphical Display of Molecules. Index.

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Book SynopsisHighly recommended for anyone in chemistry looking for a very readable book on chemical information retrieval. -Journal of the American Chemical Society (on the Second Edition) The Essential Guide to Using CHemical Information Sources-in a brand-new Third Edition More chemical information resources exist now than ever before, in an array of formats that can be daunting to novices and experts alike in every discipline of the field. Yet a sound working knowledge of available sources and how to access them is an invaluable asset to anyone working in the fast-moving world of modern chemistry-an essential tool for saving time, money, and effort. This new edition of How to Find Chemical Information guides readers skillfully through today''s complex maze of chemical information sources and systems, whether in electronic or printed form. It combines an in-depth examination of chemical information tools and access methods with tested principles for assessing and selecTrade Review"…a useful work for practicing chemists and librarians alike, providing a fine road map to the various primary and secondary sources of chemical information." (Library Journal, September 1, 1998)Table of ContentsBasic Concepts. Information Flow and Communication Patterns in Chemistry. Search Strategy. Keeping Up to Date: Current Awareness Programs. How to Get Access to Articles, Patents, Translations, Specifications, and Other Documents Quickly and Efficiently. Chemical Abstracts Service: History and Development. Essentials of Chemical Abstracts Use. Selected Other Abstracting and Indexing Services of Interest to Chemists. Some United States Government Technical Information Centers and Sources. Online Systems and Databases, the Internet, CD-ROMs, and Related Topics. Reviews. Encyclopedias and Other Major References Books; Journals. Patent Documents (with a Brief Section on Trademarks). Environment, Safety, and Related Topics. Locating and Using Physical Property and Related Data. Chemical Marketing and Business Information Sources. Process Information. Analytical Chemistry: A Brief Review of Some of the Literature Sources. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis text strikes a good balance between rigor and an intuitive approach to computer theory. Covers all the topics needed by computer scientists with a sometimes humorous approach that reviewers found "refreshing". It is easy to read and the coverage of mathematics is fairly simple so readers do not have to worry about proving theorems.Table of ContentsAUTOMATA THEORY. Background. Languages. Recursive Definitions. Regular Expressions. Finite Automata. Transition Graphs. Kleene's Theorem. Finite Automata with Output. Regular Languages. Nonregular Languages. Decidability. PUSHDOWN AUTOMATA THEORY. Context-Free Grammars. Grammatical Format. Pushdown Automata. CFG = PDA. Non-Context-Free Languages. Context-Free Languages. Decidability. TURING THEORY. Turing Machines. Post Machines. Minsky's Theorem. Variations on the TM. TM Languages. The Chomsky Hierarchy. Computers. Bibliography. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisThis will be the first book devoted completely to task analysis. In a practical manner, the authors focus on the methodologies behind the task analysis. Every step of the process will be covered in detail with tons of figures and example products. Check lists and forms are provided so the reader can use them in their own testing procedures.Table of ContentsPreface xi About the book xiv Acknowledgments xviii Chapter 1: Introducing User and Task Analysis for Interface Design 1 Part 1: Understanding the Context of User and Task Analysis 21 Chapter 2: Thinking about Users 23 Chapter 3: Thinking about Tasks 51 Chapter 4: Thinking about the Users' Environment 91 Chapter 5: Making the Business Case for Site Visits 111 Part 2: Getting Ready For Site Visits 127 Chapter 6: Selecting Techniques 129 Chapter 7: Setting Up Site Visits 155 Chapter 8: Preparing for the Site Visits 193 Part 3: Conducting the Site Visit 241 Chapter 9: Conducting the Site Visit—Honing Your Observation Skills 243 Chapter 10: Conducting the Site Visit—Honing Your Interviewing Skills 273 Part 4: Making the Transition from Analysis to Design 295 Chapter 11: Analyzing and Presenting the Data You Have Collected 299 Chapter 12: Working toward the Interface Design 345 Chapter 13: Prototyping the Interface Design 375 Chapter 14: User and Task Analysis for Documentation and Training 405 Bibliography 439 Appendix A: Template for a Site Visit Plan 447 Appendix B: Resources 455 Appendix C: Guidelines for User-Interface Design 457 Index 479

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Book SynopsisA complete introduction to the many mathematical tools used to solve practical problems in coding. Mathematicians have been fascinated with the theory of error-correcting codes since the publication of Shannon''s classic papers fifty years ago. With the proliferation of communications systems, computers, and digital audio devices that employ error-correcting codes, the theory has taken on practical importance in the solution of coding problems. This solution process requires the use of a wide variety of mathematical tools and an understanding of how to find mathematical techniques to solve applied problems. Introduction to the Theory of Error-Correcting Codes, Third Edition demonstrates this process and prepares students to cope with coding problems. Like its predecessor, which was awarded a three-star rating by the Mathematical Association of America, this updated and expanded edition gives readers a firm grasp of the timeless fundamentals of coding as well as the laTable of ContentsIntroductory Concepts. Useful Background. A Double-Error-Correcting BCH Code and a Finite Field of 16 Elements. Finite Fields. Cyclic Codes. Group of a Code and Quadratic Residue (QR) Codes. Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) Codes. Weight Distributions. Designs and Games. Some Codes Are Unique. Appendix. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisVolume 11 Reviews in Computational Chemistry Kenny B. Lipkowitz and Donald B. Boyd The Theme of this Eleventh Volume is Computer-Aided Ligand Design and Modeling of Biomolecules. A Stellar Group of Scientists from Around the World Join in this Volume to Provide Tutorials for Beginners and Experts. Chapters 1 and 2 Take A Detailed Look at De Novo Design Methodologies for Discovering New Ligands which May Become Pharmaceuticals. Chapters 3 and 4 Cover the Methods and Applications of Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (3D-QSAR) Currently Used in Drug Discovery. Ways to Compute the Correct Lipophilic/Hydrophilic Behavior of Molecules are Taught in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 is an Exposition of Realistically Simulating DNA in the Complex Milieu of Ions that Surround it. An Appendix to this Volume Gives A Compendium of Software and Internet Tools for Computational Chemistry. -From Reviews of the Series . This Well-Respected Series Continues the Fine Selection of TopicsTable of ContentsRecent Advances in Ligand Design Methods (M. Murcko). Current Issues in De Novo Molecular Design (D. Clark, et al.). Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (T. Oprea & C. Waller). Approaches to Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (G. Greco, et al.). Computational Approaches to Lipophilicity: Methods and Applications (P. Carrupt, et al.). Treatment of Counterions in Computer Simulations of DNA (G. Ravishanker, et al.). Appendix. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisVirtual Reconstruction serves as an introduction to the principles of three-dimensional visualization techniques as they relate to fossil reconstruction and reverse engineering. It covers data acquisition, processing, virtual reconstruction, visualization, manipulation, reverse engineering, and applications to biomedicine.Trade Review"..a worthy contribution." (Journal of Anthropological Research, Summer 2006) "If you are interested in...three-dimensional reconstruction of past and present human and other anatomy, this is the text for you!" (IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, May/June 2006) "The authors have done a stupendous job of mining the available literature to present a coherent and organized work...the book is a useful addition to any anthropologist's library." (American Journal of Human Biology, May/June 2006) "…well presented. This is a decidedly visual topic, and the illustrations in the book are wonderful…" (CHOICE, February 2006) "This book is well written. It is surprising easy to read considering the technical subjects that were covered." (The Quarterly Review of Biology, March 2006) “…a very useful resource for anyone wanting to get started in a much wider variety of fields…” (International Journal of Primatology, April 2007) ‘…an excellent source for computer scientists working in the biosciences.’ (Journal of Comparative Human Biology, March 2007) Table of ContentsPreface xiii Acknowledgments xv Introduction 1 1 Virtual Reconstruction 7 1.1 A Virtual Reality Contest 7 1.2 Virtual Reconstruction 10 1.3 Computer-Assisted Paleontology 12 1.3.1 Data Acquisition 12 1.3.2 Data Segmentation and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction 14 1.3.3 Virtual Fossil Reconstruction 14 1.3.4 From Virtual Reality to Real Virtuality 15 1.3.5 Databases and Morphometry 15 1.3.6 Virtual Reconstruction in Space and Time 16 1.4 Computer-Assisted Surgery 17 1.5 Further Reading 19 2 Data Representation 21 2.1 World Food on a Chessboard 21 2.2 Facts About Data to Get Data About Facts 22 2.2.1 Analog and Digital Data 22 2.2.2 Bits, Bytes, and Words 23 2.2.3 Characters, Numbers, Pixels, and Voxels 29 2.2.4 Representing Gray Tones and Colors 32 2.2.5 Data Compression 40 2.2.6 Some Common Image File Formats 41 2.2.7 Implicit Versus Explicit Representation of Object Data 44 2.2.8 Modeling Three-Dimensional Objects 48 2.3 A Taxonomy of Biomedical Data 50 2.3.1 Perspectives on Data 50 2.3.2 Volume Data 50 2.3.3 Surface Data 52 2.3.4 Landmark Data 53 2.3.5 Extent-Based Data 54 2.3.6 Relational Data 55 2.4 Further Reading 56 3 Data Acquisition 57 3.1 Data and the Physical World 57 3.2 Vision and Photography as Data Acquisition: Performance Considerations 59 3.3 Computed Tomography 64 3.3.1 Frau Röntgen’s Wedding Ring 64 3.3.2 Radiographic Projections 67 3.3.3 Reconstructing CT Images 72 3.3.4 CT Scanning: Technical Considerations 74 3.3.5 Limitations of CT Data Acquisition 77 3.3.6 Slice-to-Slice, Helical, and Multislice CT 80 3.3.7 Industrial and Micro Computed Tomography 82 3.3.8 Three-Dimensional Data Acquisition with a Medical Scanner 84 3.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 85 3.5 Surface Scanners 91 3.6 3D Digitizers 93 3.7 Further Reading 94 4 Image Data Processing 97 4.1 Recovering Objects from Images 97 4.2 Converting a CT Image into a Screen Image 100 4.3 Filtering Images 102 4.3.1 Coffee and Kernels 102 4.3.2 Convolution and Fourier Analysis 106 4.3.3 Statistical Filters 107 4.3.4 Edge Detection Filters 108 4.4 Extracting Isosurfaces 113 4.4.1 Determining Boundaries in CT Images 113 4.4.2 From Edges to Isocontours and Isosurfaces 119 4.5 Interactive Segmentation 121 4.6 Further Reading 126 5 Visualization and Interaction 129 5.1 Visualizing Data in Two and More Dimensions 129 5.2 Interaction with Virtual Worlds 131 5.3 The Graphics Rendering Pipeline 132 5.4 Setting Up a Virtual Environment 132 5.4.1 Object Materials, Lighting, and Shading 133 5.4.2 Setting Up the Camera 139 5.4.3 Object Manipulation and Interaction 143 5.5 Volume Rendering 151 5.6 Further Reading 154 6 Virtual Fossil Reconstruction 155 6.1 A Baroque Puzzle 155 6.2 Principles of Reconstruction 157 6.3 Physical and Virtual Reconstruction 159 6.4 Preparing and Restoring Fossils on the Computer Screen 160 6.5 Reconstructing Fossil Morphologies 164 6.5.1 Recovering Implicit Anatomic Information 164 6.5.2 Combining Computer Graphics and Anatomy: The Globe Paradigm 166 6.5.3 Inferring Missing Information 175 6.5.4 Interpolation and Extrapolation 181 6.6 Correcting Fossil Deformation 181 6.6.1 Taphonomic Scenarios 182 6.6.2 Correcting Plastic Deformation 184 6.7 Validating Virtual Reconstructions 189 6.8 Paleodiagnostics and Paleoforensics 192 6.9 Inferring Soft Tissue Structures 193 6.9.1 Motivation 193 6.9.2 Fossil Soft Tissue Reconstruction: Classic and Virtual Approaches 196 6.9.3 What Shall Be Reconstructed? 199 6.9.4 Soft Tissue Reconstruction and Measurement 200 6.10 Virtual Surgery: a Paleoanthropologist’s Eye View 201 6.10.1 Motivation 201 6.10.2 Virtual Planning and Simulation of Surgical Interventions 201 6.10.3 Custom Implant Design 203 6.10.4 Soft Tissue Reconstruction 203 6.11 Further Reading 206 7 From Virtual Reality to Real Virtuality 209 7.1 Reifying Virtual Objects 209 7.2 Principles of Rapid Prototyping 210 7.3 Combining Virtual Reality and Real Virtuality 217 7.4 Further Reading 223 8 Morphometric Analysis 225 8.1 Morphometry as Reconstruction 225 8.2 Morphometry and Geometry 227 8.2.1 The Role of Geometry 227 8.2.2 The Role of Size and Shape 230 8.2.3 Multivariate Morphometry 233 8.2.4 Principal Components Analysis and Dimension Reduction 235 8.2.5 Classic Multivariate Morphometry: Geometry Lost 237 8.2.6 Geometric Morphometrics: Geometry Recovered 239 8.3 Shape Space Analysis 241 8.3.1 From D’Arcy Thompson to Kendall 241 8.3.2 The Workflow of Shape Space Analysis 246 8.3.3 Determining a Reference Shape 246 8.3.4 Analyzing Data in Shape Space 251 8.3.5 Visualizing Patterns of Shape Difference and Shape Change 253 8.4 Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis 259 8.4.1 In Search of the Golden Mean 259 8.4.2 Exploring Form Variability with EDMA 260 8.5 Outline Analysis 266 8.6 A Comparison of Geometric Morphometric Methods 269 8.6.1 Criteria for Comparison 269 8.6.2 From Pattern to Process 271 8.7 Exploring Morphometric Patterns 272 8.8 Further Reading 275 Appendix A Image Data Acquisition Systems: Performance Considerations 277 Appendix B Parameters Influencing the Quality of CT Image Data 281 Appendix C CT Scanning of Fossil Specimens and Recent Skeletal Specimens: How to Proceed? 285 C.1 Preparation 285 C.1.1 Mounting the Specimens 285 C.1. 2 Materials Used for Fixation 285 C.1. 3 Placement 286 C. 2 Parameters for CT Data Acquisition 287 C.2. 1 Scanned Area 287 C.. 2 X-Ray Tube Current and Voltage 287 C.2. 3 Gantry Tilt 288 C.2. 4 Scanning Direction and Object Orientation 288 C.2. 5 Object Positioning 288 C. 3 Image Reconstruction 290 C.3. 1 Reconstruction Kernels 290 C.3. 2 Image Reconstruction 290 C. 4 CT Data Storage 291 C.4. 1 Raw Data Storage 291 C.4. 2 Image Data Storage 291 C. 5 Calibration 291 C.5. 1 Test Scans 291 C.5. 2 Calibration 292 Appendix D Object Manipulation in Virtual Space 293 D. 1 Matrices 293 D. 2 Rigid Transforms 294 D. 3 Homogeneous Matrices 295 Appendix E A Parsimonious Approach to Correction of Taphonomic Deformation 297 Appendix F Morphometry 299 F. 1 Anatomic Axes and Planes 299 F. 2 Accuracy and Precision of Measurement 299 F. 3 Allometry 299 F. 4 Multivariate Analysis and Dimension Reduction 301 F. 5 Centroid Size 303 F. 6 Procrustes Superimposition, Generalized Least- Squares Fitting, and Linearized Shape Space 303 F. 7 Shape Space Analysis 304 F. 8 Shape Variability as Deformation: Principal, Partial, and Relative Warps 306 References 309 Index 325

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Book SynopsisReviews in Computational Chemistry remains the most valuable reference to methods and techniques in computational chemistryJournal of Molecular Graphics and Modeling Reviews in Computational Chemistry provides an ideal one-stop resource for researchers from all chemical and biochemical disciplines. Covering all areas of computational chemistry from chemoinformatics to molecular modeling, this series gives researchers a review of key developments including a historic picture of research with the access to the early volumes.

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Book SynopsisExplore this comprehensive survey of the tools, tips, techniques, and tactics thatproject managers need tosuccessfully complete their projects. Seasoned project management consultant Jay Charvat presents a detailed description of each methodology currently available, weighs the advantages and disadvantages of each, and provides a plan for implementation. He includes expert advice on putting the methodologies to use in both individual projects and across the organization and provides detailed guidance on maintenance and support. Buy it today! Table of ContentsForeword. Introduction. Chapter 1. Understanding Project Methodologies. Chapter 2. Project Methodologies Explained. Chapter 3. Project Management Frameworks. Chapter 4. Development Methodology—Selection and Utilization. Chapter 5. Implementing Project Methodologies. Chapter 6. Supporting the Methodology. Chapter 7. Project Templates and Techniques. Chapter 8. Project Processes and Trends. Appendix: Questions and Answers. Index. About the Author.

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Book SynopsisUltra-large scale integrated (ULSI) circuits are the next generation of semiconductor devices to follow the very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits. This volume brings together researchers in the field to write a chapter on their own area of expertise.Trade Review"the production standard and component chapters is characteristically high" (Contemporary Physics, Vol.42, No. 4 2001)Table of ContentsIntroduction (C. Chang & S. Sze). DEVICE FUNDAMENTALS. Bipolar Transistor Fundamentals (E. Kasper). MOSFET Fundamentals (P. Wong). Device Miniaturization and Simulation (S. Banerjee & B. Streetman). DEVICE BUILDING BLOCKS AND ADVANCED DEVICE STRUCTURES. SOI and Three-Dimensional Structures. (J. Colinge). The Hot-Carrier Effect (B. Doyle). DRAM and SRAM (S. Shichijo). Nonvolatile Memory (J. Caywood & G. Derbenwich). CIRCUIT BUILDING BLOCKS AND SYSTEM-IN-CHIP CONCEPT. CMOS Digital and Analog Building Block Circuits for Mixed-Signal Applications (D. Pehlke & M. Chang). High-Speed or Low-Voltage, Low-Power Operations (I. Chen & W. Liu). System-on-Chip Concepts (M. Pelgrom). Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisVOLUME 12 REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY Kenny B. Lipkowitz and Donald B. Boyd HOW DOES ONE COMPUTE FREE ENERGY AND ENTROPY FROM MOLECULAR SIMULATIONS? WHAT HAPPENS WHEN SIMULATIONS ARE RUN WITH CONSTRAINTS? HOW SHOULD SIMULATIONS BE PERFORMED TO MODEL INTERFACIAL PHENOMENA? HOW IS DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY USED TO SIMULATE MATERIALS? WHAT QUANTUM MECHANICAL METHODS SHOULD BE USED TO COMPUTE NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS? WHICH PARAMETERS ARE MOST INFLUENTIAL IN A MOLECULAR SIMULATION? HOW CAN CRYSTAL STRUCTURES BE PREDICTED? TUTORIALS PROVIDING ANSWERS TO THESE QUESTIONS ARE THE FOCUS OF THIS BOOK. FROM REVIEWS OF THE SERIES The series continues to be one of the most useful information sources. -JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYTrade Review“Of interest to this reviewer were the chapters on biomolecular simulations and water calculations. In the chapter by Meirovitch, the difficulties encountered in obtaining the thermodynamic parameters of F (free energy) and S (entropy) are discussed, as well as these.).” (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999) Table of ContentsCalculation of the Free Energy and the Entropy of Macromolecular Systems by Computer Simulation (H. Meirovitch). Molecular Dynamics with General Holonomic Constraints and Application to Internal Coordinate Constraints (R. Kutteh & T. Straatsma). Computer Simulation of Water Physisorption at Metal-Water Interfaces (J. Shelley & D. Bérard). Quantum-Based Analytic Interatomic Forces and Materials Simulation (D. Brenner, et al.). Quantum Mechanical Methods for Predicting Nonlinear Optical Properties (H. Kurtz & D. Dudis). Sensitivity Analysis in Biomolecular Simulation (C. Wong, et al.). Computer Simulation to Predict Possible Crystal Polymorphs (P. Verwer & F. Leusen). Computational Chemistry in France: A Historical Survey (J.-L Rivail & B. Maigret). Indexes.

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Book SynopsisThe sign of a smart decision about information systems isn't based on technical details alone; it's based on how well that decision contributes to the overall success of the business. To obtain pay off, from investing in information systems, requires a truly managerial perspective about IS.In Paul Gray's Manager's Guide to Making Decisions About IS you'll learn how IS can help the organization as a whole, and how to make key decisions on whether to undertake, upgrade, or outsource large software systems. You'll also learn about how IS is used for all aspects of a businessfrom recording individual transactions to gaining competitive intelligence to business strategy. The Manager's Guide to Making Decisions About IS first focuses on big picture issues, such as hardware, software, and the Internet; strategic uses of IS; aligning IS with the business; types of applications; and inter-organizational systems. Gray then provides you with essential knowledge that will help Table of ContentsChapter 1 What Is An Information System? 1 Managerial Questions 1 Introduction 1 What is an Information System? 2 Components of an Information System 2 Hardware 3 Personal Computers 3 Mainframe Computers 3 Client–Server Computers 4 Remote Computing Using Application Service Providers, Web Services, and Grid Computing 4 Software 5 Operating Systems 5 Applications Programs 5 Electronic Commerce (Chapter 3) 7 ERP (Enterprise Requirements Planning) (Chapter 4) 7 Data Warehousing (Chapter 5) 8 Customer Relationship Management (Chapter 6) 8 Knowledge Management (Chapter 7) 9 Business Intelligence (Chapter 8) 10 The Internet 11 Websites 11 Connectivity 11 Finding Things Using Search Engines 12 Content Management 12 Intranet/Extranet 12 Privacy 12 Security 12 Corporate Portals 13 Website Development 13 Website Traffic Analysis 13 Answers to Managerial Questions 14 Chapter 2 the Big Picture: It and Business 15 Managerial Questions 15 Introduction 15 Strategic Advantage Versus Strategic Necessity 15 Continual Improvement 17 Introducing Strategic Information Systems 17 Risks 19 Business–it Alignment 20 Assessing the Alignment Maturity Level 21 Alignment Considerations 21 Alignment when Strategy Changes 21 Information Economics 23 The Search for Productivity 23 Why Invest? 25 Organizational Change 25 Some Practical Problems 26 Does Information Technology Matter? 26 Carr’s Argument 26 The Response to Carr 27 This Book’s Position 27 The Arguments for Carr 27 The Arguments against Carr’s Position 28 Types of Information Systems 29 Transaction Processing Systems 29 Management Information Systems 30 Decision Support Systems 30 Knowledge-Based and Other Systems 30 Interorganizational Computing 30 Replacing Intermediation through Electronic Markets 31 Key Issues 32 Application and Technology Developments 34 Answers to Managerial Questions 35 Problems 36 Chapter 3 Electronic Commerce 37 Managerial Questions 37 Introduction 37 What is Involved in E-commerce? 39 Some E-commerce Statistics 39 Retail 40 Business to Business (B2B) 40 Technology 40 Benefits and Costs 41 Benefits 41 Costs 41 Business to Consumer (B2C) 43 Infrastructure 43 Electronic Retail Business Model 44 Information Transactions 45 Advertising 45 Impact on Retail Distribution 46 B2C in Service Industries 46 Cybermalls and Metamalls 47 Business to Business (B2B) 47 Structure of the E-marketplace 48 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) 48 Moving to the Internet 48 Interorganizational Systems 48 Electronic Markets 50 Consumer to Consumer (C2C): The Case of Ebay 52 Consumer to Government (C2G): The Case of Wireless and 911 53 E-commerce Strategies 53 Conclusions 55 Answers to Managerial Questions 55 Problems 56 Chapter 4 Enterprise Requirements Planning 58 Managerial Questions 58 Introduction 58 How Sap Works 59 Cultural Problems of Implementation 61 ERP Vendors 62 Costs 62 Benefits 64 The Markus and Tanis View of the ERP Experience 64 Integration 65 Packages 65 Best Practices 65 Some Assembly Required 65 Reasons for Adopting or Not Adopting ERP 66 Adopting ERP 66 Not Adopting ERP 66 The ERP Team 67 The Future: ERP II 71 Final Thoughts 71 Answers to Managerial Questions 72 Problems 73 Chapter 5 Data Warehousing 74 Managerial Questions 74 Introduction 74 Definition of a Data Warehouse 75 Characteristics of a Data Warehouse 75 Subject Orientation 76 Data Integration 77 Time 78 Nonvolatile Data 78 Structure of the Data Warehouse 79 Metadata 80 Flow of Data 81 Why a Separate Warehouse? 81 Other Forms of Data Warehouses 82 Application: Online Analytic Processing 84 Application: Data Mining 86 Application: Customer Relationship Management 87 Application: Business Intelligence 88 Strategic Use 89 Managing the Data Warehouse 90 Why Warehouse Projects Can Fail 92 Data Warehousing Costs 93 The Data Warehousing Industry 94 Benefits and Problems 94 Answers to Managerial Questions 94 Problems 95 Chapter 6 Customer Relationship Management 96 Managerial Questions 96 Introduction 96 History of the CRM Market 97 The CRM Approach 99 Basic Assumptions of CRM 99 Customer 100 Relationship 100 Management 100 Drivers for CRM Applications 102 Revenue and Cost Goals 103 Principles of CRM 103 Technology and Service 104 Information Technologies for CRM 104 Key Tasks 104 IT Factors of CRM 105 Consultants 106 Return on Investment of Implementation 106 Cost and Time 106 Benefits 107 ROI of CRM Project 108 CRM Issues 109 Customer Privacy 109 Technical Immaturity 109 CRM Myths 110 The Importance of Channels 111 Vendors 111 Management Risks 112 Conclusions 115 Answers to Managerial Questions 115 Problems 115 Chapter 7 Knowledge Management 117 Managerial Questions 117 Introduction 117 Claims 118 Role of Information Technology 118 Principles of Knowledge Management 119 Knowledge Strategies 120 Leverage 120 Fragmentation, Leakage, Refreshment 120 Uncertain Value 120 Uncertainty in Value Sharing 121 Implications 121 Tacit Versus Explicit Knowledge 121 A Hierarchy of Knowledge 123 Generating Knowledge 123 Knowledge Acquisition 124 Dedicated Resources 125 Fusion 126 Adaptation 127 Networks 127 Transferring Knowledge 127 Personnel Issues 128 Km as an Industry 129 Technology 130 When Knowledge Management Makes Sense 134 Answers to Managerial Questions 135 Problems 136 Chapter 8 Business Intelligence 137 Managerial Questions 137 Introduction 137 Definition 137 Relation to other Software 138 What Can BI Do? 138 BI Technology 140 OLAP 144 Other Data Sources 147 Example: Competitive Intelligence 148 Example: Financial Analytics 150 Potential and Shortcomings 150 Return on Investment 151 Building a Business Intelligence System 152 The Business Intelligence Industry 153 Emerging Ideas in Business Intelligence 155 BI Everywhere 155 Business Process Management and Business Activity Monitoring 156 Answers to Managerial Questions 158 Problems 159 Chapter 9 Outsourcing and Its Variations: Letting Someone else Do the Work 161 Managerial Questions 161 Introduction 161 Origins of Outsourcing 162 Offshore Outsourcing 162 Outsourcing Considerations 164 A Typical Domestic Large Outsourcing Project 164 The Size of the Outsourcing Market 165 Why Outsource? 165 The Central Role of the Contract 166 Managing the Outsourcer Once the Contract Is Signed 167 Controls 169 Bottom Line on Outsourcing 170 Outsourcing the Infrastructure: Web Hosting Service Providers, Web Services, and Utility Computing 170 The Outsourcers 171 Web Hosting 171 Service Providers (xSPs) 171 Rationale 172 Should You Hire an xSP? 173 Web Services 173 Definition and Implication of Web Services 174 Running Computing as a Utility 176 Why Do It? 176 Implementing the Utility Approach 176 Stages of Utility Computing 176 Alternative Approaches 177 Risks of ASPs and Utilities 177 Answers to Managerial Issues 180 Problems 181 Chapter 10 Working Together: Systems Integration, Interorganizational Systems, Alliances, and Globalization 182 Managerial Questions 182 Introduction 182 Systems Integration 183 Definition 183 Objective 184 The Concept 184 Integrating the Enterprise 184 Integrating the Technology 185 Integration of Data, Application, and Processes 185 Aspects of Systems Integration 188 Enterprise Computing 188 Lessons Learned from Experience 189 The Systems Integration Industry 189 Management Strategy for Integration 190 Interorganizational Systems 191 Readiness 192 Control 192 Who Benefits? 194 Alliances 194 Globalization 194 Bringing in Immigrants, Moving Work Abroad 196 Privacy Rules and Transborder Data Flows 196 Answers to Managerial Questions 198 Problems 199 Chapter 11 Is in Managing Business Operations: the Supply Chain 200 Managerial Questions 200 Introduction 200 The Supply Chain 201 Software’s Role 202 Why Install Supply Chain Software? 203 Cooperation 203 Manufacturing 204 Overview 204 Cad 204 Cam 205 Just-in-Time Manufacturing 205 Inventory 206 Role of ERP 207 Role of Data Warehousing 207 Challenges to Implementation 208 Other Problems Along the Supply Chain 209 Demand Forecasting 209 What Is the Payoff From Information Systems In the Supply Chain? 210 Returns 213 The Supply Chain Market 213 Major Firms in the Supply Chain Market 214 Answers to Managerial Questions 215 Problems 215 Chapter 12 The Chief Information Officer, People Issues, Project Management, Change Management 216 Managerial Questions 216 Introduction 216 Chief Information Officer 217 Managing Expectations 217 Chief Technology Officer 218 Governance and Steering Committees 219 What Is People Need to Know 219 Create Programs 220 Manage Vendors and Outsourcers 220 Customize Programs to the Firm’s Needs 220 Know the Needs of the Business 220 Business Processes 220 Communicating with the User Community 221 Maintaining the Corporate Data 221 Maintaining Corporate Telecommunications 221 Integrating Systems 221 Managing E-mail and Internet Usage 222 Managing the Firm’s Web Presence 222 Managing Computer Security 222 Documentation, Updates, and Training 222 Maintaining and Running the Computers 223 Help Desk 223 Role of Educational Institutions 224 Project Management 224 The Project Manager 226 Change Management 227 Conclusions 229 Answers to Managerial Questions 229 Problems 230 Chapter 13 Information Systems in Mergers and Acquisitions 231 Managerial Questions 231 Introduction 231 Why Merge? 231 Effect of Merger on Information Systems 232 Merger Principles 233 The Merger Process 233 Security Issues 234 Cultural Considerations 235 Implications of Cases 237 Answers to Managerial Questions 237 Problems 238 Chapter 14 Work Systems and Infrastructure 239 Managerial Questions 239 Introduction 239 Work System 240 Infrastructure 241 What Is Infrastructure? 241 The Infrastructure Portfolio 243 Infrastructure Architecture 244 Infrastructure Investment Strategies 244 Making Infrastructure Investment Decisions 245 Infrastructure Capabilities 246 Work Systems 246 Fundamental Concepts of Work Systems 247 Relations among the Concepts 249 Technical Considerations for IS Work System Projects 253 Answers to Managerial Questions 254 Problems 255 Chapter 15 Privacy, Security, Copyright, Patents, and other Legal And Ethical Issues 256 Managerial Questions 256 Introduction 256 Privacy 257 Privacy Statements 258 Surveillance 259 Privacy versus Convenience 261 CRM, Data Warehousing, and Other Large Databases 261 Security 261 Controls 262 New Technologies 264 The Risk of Not Investing 264 Risk Management 264 HIPAA: the Intersection of Security and Privacy 265 Announcing Security Failures 266 Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity 266 An Example 267 Who Is Responsible? 267 The Threats 267 Some IT Measures 267 Some Lessons 268 Legal Issues 268 Privacy 269 Taxation of E-commerce 269 UCITA 270 Copyright and Patents 271 Copyright 271 Patents 272 Ethics 272 Answers to Managerial Questions 274 Appendix: the Computer Industry 277 Managerial Questions 277 Definition of the Information Industry 277 U.S. Census Bureau 278 Shapiro and Varian 278 Hoover’s Online 278 A Framework for Analyzing the Information Industry— The Houghton Map 279 Computer and Computer-related Segments 281 In-house Computer Shops 282 Employment 283 Outside Shops 285 Application Service Providers 285 Web Services 287 Outsourcers 287 Hardware Manufacturers 290 Retailers and Middlemen 291 Pricing and Maintenance 291 Open Source 292 Computing for Nonbusiness Applications 292 Telecommunications and Networks 292 Search Engines 293 New Technologies 293 Wi-Fi 294 RFID 294 Finding Out More About the Computer Industry and Computer Applications: the Computer Press and the Industry Observers 295 Conclusion 296 Answers to Managerial Questions 296 Glossary 299 Index 313

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Book SynopsisNet Income Cut Costs, Boost Profits, and Enhance Operations OnlineWally Bock and Jeff Senne From finance to manufacturing, trainingto customer service, Net Income is an operating manual forproducing results. Very simply, this is an excellent book! --James L. Barksdale, from the foreword This isn''t another Internetbook -- it''s not even a technology book -- this is a businessguide. And if you think the Net is only for sales and marketing,you''re only getting half the picture. Net Income shows how to usethe Internet, intranet, and extranet to slash expenses andstrengthen operations in order to compete in today''s brutalmarketplace. Net Income provides real-world examples from over ahundred businesses--from mom & pop stores to Fortune 500giants--that have used the Internet to increase profits. You''ll seehow: * Columbia/HCA saved $6,000 per physician by offering trainingonline * Heineken USA cut its order cycle time from 10-12 weeks to 4-6weeks * General Electric cut its averTable of ContentsThe Tactics Action Planning System. Product Development. Manufacturing and Quality Assurance. Administration. Recruiting and Training. Enhancing Sales Effectiveness. Enhancing Service Delivery. Fulfillment and Distribution. Customer Service. Leadership. Making This Happen in Your Organization. Appendices. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisExperts from the world''s major financial institutions contributed to this work and have already used the newest technologies. Gives proven strategies for using neural networks, algorithms, fuzzy logic and nonlinear data analysis techniques to enhance profitability. The latest analytical breakthroughs, the impact on modern finance theory and practice, including the best ways for profitably applying them to any trading and portfolio management system, are all covered.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: TRADING WITH NEURAL NETWORKS. Neural Network Techniques (C. Klimasauskas). Adaptive Selection of U.S. Stocks with Neural Nets (J. Hall). Intelligent Trading of an Emerging Market (G.-S. Jang & F. Lai). Neural Nets for Foreign Exchange Trading (H. Green & M.Pearson). STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION WITH GENETIC ALGORITHMS. Genetic Algorithms for Financial Modeling (A. Colin). PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT USING FUZZY LOGIC. Why Use Fuzzy Modeling? (G. Deboeck). Smart Trading with FRET (D. Benachenhou). NONLINEAR DYNAMICS AND CHAOS. Nonlinear Data Analysis Techniques (T. Frison). RISK MANAGEMENT AND THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY. The Cutting Edge of Trading Technology (G. Deboeck). Glossary. Bibliography. Index.

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