Computer networking and communications Books

Book SynopsisPrepare for success on the challenging CASP+ CAS-004 exam Inthe newly updated Second Edition ofCASP+ CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner Practice Tests Exam CAS-004,accomplished cybersecurityexpertNadean Tannerdeliversan extensive collection of CASP+preparation materials, including hundreds of domain-by-domain test questions and two additional practice exams. Prepare for the new CAS-004 exam, as well asa new career in advanced cybersecurity, with Sybex's proven approach tocertification success.You'll get ready for the exam, to impressyour next interviewer, and excel at your first cybersecurity job. This book includes: Comprehensive coverage of allexam CAS-004 objectivedomains, including security architecture, operations, engineering, cryptography, and governance, risk, and complianceIn-depthpreparation for test success with 1000 practice exam questionsAccess to the Sybex interactive learning environment and online test bank Perfect for anyone studying for the CASP+ Exam CAS-004,CASP+ CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner Practice Tests Exam CAS-004is also an ideal resource for anyone with IT security experience who seeks to brush up on their skillset or seek a valuable new CASP+ certification.Table of ContentsIntroduction xix Chapter 1 Security Architecture 1 Chapter 2 Security Operations 61 Chapter 3 Security Engineering and Cryptography 123 Chapter 4 Governance, Risk, and Compliance 175 Chapter 5 Practice Test 1 207 Chapter 6 Practice Test 2 227 Appendix Answers to Review Questions 247 Chapter 1: Security Architecture 248 Chapter 2: Security Operations 278 Chapter 3: Security Engineering and Cryptography 308 Chapter 4: Governance, Risk, and Compliance 333 Chapter 5: Practice Test 1 346 Chapter 6: Practice Test 2 353 Index 363

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Book SynopsisCybersecurity Risk Management In Cybersecurity Risk Management: Mastering the Fundamentals Using the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, veteran technology analyst Cynthia Brumfield, with contributions from cybersecurity expert Brian Haugli, delivers a straightforward and up-to-date exploration of the fundamentals of cybersecurity risk planning and management. The book offers readers easy-to-understand overviews of cybersecurity risk management principles, user, and network infrastructure planning, as well as the tools and techniques for detecting cyberattacks. The book also provides a roadmap to the development of a continuity of operations plan in the event of a cyberattack. With incisive insights into the Framework for Improving Cybersecurity of Critical Infrastructure produced by the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Cybersecurity Risk Management presents the gold standard in practical guidance for the implementation of risk mTable of ContentsAcademic Foreword xiii Acknowledgments xv Preface – Overview of the NIST Framework xvii Background on the Framework xviii Framework Based on Risk Management xix The Framework Core xix Framework Implementation Tiers xxi Framework Profile xxii Other Aspects of the Framework Document xxiii Recent Developments At Nist xxiii Chapter 1 Cybersecurity Risk Planning and Management 1 Introduction 2 I. What Is Cybersecurity Risk Management? 2 A. Risk Management Is a Process 3 II. Asset Management 4 A. Inventory Every Physical Device and System You Have and Keep the Inventory Updated 5 B. Inventory Every Software Platform and Application You Use and Keep the Inventory Updated 9 C. Prioritize Every Device, Software Platform, and Application Based on Importance 10 D. Establish Personnel Security Requirements Including Third-Party Stakeholders 11 III. Governance 13 A. Make Sure You Educate Management about Risks 13 IV. Risk Assessment and Management 15 A. Know Where You’re Vulnerable 15 B. Identify the Threats You Face, Both Internally and Externally 16 C. Focus on the Vulnerabilities and Threats That Are Most Likely AND Pose the Highest Risk to Assets 17 D. Develop Plans for Dealing with the Highest Risks 18 Summary 20 Chapter Quiz 20 Essential Reading on Cybersecurity Risk Management 22 Chapter 2 User and Network Infrastructure Planning and Management 23 I. Introduction 24 II. Infrastructure Planning and Management Is All about Protection, Where the Rubber Meets the Road 24 A. Identity Management, Authentication, and Access Control 25 1. Always Be Aware of Who Has Access to Which System, for Which Period of Time, and from Where the Access Is Granted 27 2. Establish, Maintain, and Audit an Active Control List and Process for Who Can Physically Gain Access to Systems 28 3. Establish Policies, Procedures, and Controls for Who Has Remote Access to Systems 28 4. Make Sure That Users Have the Least Authority Possible to Perform Their Jobs and Ensure That at Least Two Individuals Are Responsible for a Task 29 5. Implement Network Security Controls on All Internal Communications, Denying Communications among Various Segments Where Necessary 31 A Word about Firewalls 31 6. Associate Activities with a Real Person or a Single Specific Entity 32 7. Use Single- or Multi-Factor Authentication Based on the Risk Involved in the Interaction 33 III. Awareness and Training 34 A. Make Sure That Privileged Users and Security Personnel Understand Their Roles and Responsibilities 35 IV. Data Security 35 A. Protect the Integrity of Active and Archived Databases 35 B. Protect the Confidentiality and Integrity of Corporate Data Once It Leaves Internal Networks 36 C. Assure That Information Can Only Be Accessed by Those Authorized to Do So and Protect Hardware and Storage Media 37 D. Keep Your Development and Testing Environments Separate from Your Production Environment 38 E. Implement Checking Mechanisms to Verify Hardware Integrity 39 V. Information Protection Processes and Procedures 39 A. Create a Baseline of IT and OT Systems 40 B. Manage System Configuration Changes in a Careful, Methodical Way 41 A Word about Patch Management 42 C. Perform Frequent Backups and Test Your Backup Systems Often 43 D. Create a Plan That Focuses on Ensuring That Assets and Personnel Will Be Able to Continue to Function in the Event of a Crippling Attack or Disaster 43 VI. Mainte nance 44 A. Perform Maintenance and Repair of Assets and Log Activities Promptly 45 B. Develop Criteria for Authorizing, Monitoring, and Controlling All Maintenance and Diagnostic Activities for Third Parties 45 VII. Protective Technology 46 A. Restrict the Use of Certain Types of Media On Your Systems 46 B. Wherever Possible, Limit Functionality to a Single Function Per Device (Least Functionality) 47 C. Implement Mechanisms to Achieve Resilience on Shared Infrastructure 48 Summary 49 Chapter Quiz 50 Essential Reading on Network Management 51 Chapter 3 Tools and Techniques for Detecting Cyber Incidents 53 Introduction 54 What Is an Incident? 55 I. Detect 56 A. Anomalies and Events 56 1. Establish Baseline Data for Normal, Regular Traffic Activity and Standard Configuration for Network Devices 57 2. Monitor Systems with Intrusion Detection Systems and Establish a Way of Sending and Receiving Notifications of Detected Events; Establish a Means of Verifying, Assessing, and Tracking the Source of Anomalies 58 A Word about Antivirus Software 60 3. Deploy One or More Centralized Log File Monitors and Configure Logging Devices throughout the Organization to Send Data Back to the Centralized Log Monitor 61 4. Determine the Impact of Events Both Before and After they Occur 61 5. Develop a Threshold for How Many Times an Event Can Occur Before You Take Action 62 B. Continuous Monitoring 62 1. Develop Strategies for Detecting Breaches as Soon as Possible, Emphasizing Continuous Surveillance of Systems through Network Monitoring 63 2. Ensure That Appropriate Access to the Physical Environment Is Monitored, Most Likely through Electronic Monitoring or Alarm Systems 64 3. Monitor Employee Behavior in Terms of Both Physical and Electronic Access to Detect Unauthorized Access 65 4. Develop a System for Ensuring That Software Is Free of Malicious Code through Software Code Inspection and Vulnerability Assessments 65 5. Monitor Mobile Code Applications (e.g., Java Applets) for Malicious Activity by Authenticating the Codes’ Origins, Verifying their Integrity, and Limiting the Actions they Can Perform 66 6. Evaluate a Provider’s Internal and External Controls’ Adequacy and Ensure they Develop and Adhere to Appropriate Policies, Procedures, and Standards; Consider the Results of Internal and External Audits 66 7. Monitor Employee Activity for Security Purposes and Assess When Unauthorized Access Occurs 67 8. Use Vulnerability Scanning Tools to Find Your Organization’s Weaknesses 68 C. Detection Processes 68 1. Establish a Clear Delineation between Network and Security Detection, with the Networking Group and the Security Group Having Distinct and Different Responsibilities 69 2. Create a Formal Detection Oversight and Control Management Function; Define Leadership for a Security Review, Operational Roles, and a Formal Organizational Plan; Train Reviewers to Perform Their Duties Correctly and Implement the Review Process 70 3. Test Detection Processes Either Manually or in an Automated Fashion in Conformance with the Organization’s Risk Assessment 71 4. Inform Relevant Personnel Who Must Use Data or Network Security Information about What Is Happening and Otherwise Facilitate Organizational Communication 71 5. Document the Process for Event Detection to Improve the Organization’s Detection Systems 72 Summary 72 Chapter Quiz 73 Essential Reading for Tools and Techniques for Detecting a Cyberattack 74 Chapter 4 Developing a Continuity of Operations Plan 75 Introduction 77 A. One Size Does Not Fit All 77 I. Response 77 A. Develop an Executable Response Plan 79 B. Understand the Importance of Communications in Incident Response 80 C. Prepare for Corporate-Wide Involvement During Some Cybersecurity Attacks 81 II. Analysis 82 A. Examine Your Intrusion Detection System in Analyzing an Incident 82 B. Understand the Impact of the Event 83 C. Gather and Preserve Evidence 84 D. Prioritize the Treatment of the Incident Consistent with Your Response Plan 84 E. Establish Processes for Handling Vulnerability Disclosures 85 III. Mitigation 86 A. Take Steps to Contain the Incident 86 B. Decrease the Threat Level by Eliminating or Intercepting the Adversary as Soon as the Incident Occurs 87 C. Mitigate Vulnerabilities or Designate Them as Accepted Risk 88 IV. Recover 88 A. Recovery Plan Is Executed During or After a Cybersecurity Incident 89 B. Update Recovery Procedures Based on New Information as Recovery Gets Underway 91 C. Develop Relationships with Media to Accurately Disseminate Information and Engage in Reputational Damage Limitation 92 Summary 92 Chapter Quiz 93 Essential Reading for Developing a Continuity of Operations Plan 94 Chapter 5 Supply Chain Risk Management 95 Introduction 96 I. NIST Special Publication 800-161 96 II. Software Bill of Materials 97 III. NIST Revised Framework Incorporates Major Supply Chain Category 98 A. Identify, Establish, and Assess Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management Processes and Gain Stakeholder Agreement 98 B. Identify, Prioritize, and Assess Suppliers and Third-Party Partners of Suppliers 99 C. Develop Contracts with Suppliers and Third-Party Partners to Address Your Organization’s Supply Chain Risk Management Goals 100 D. Routinely Assess Suppliers and Third-Party Partners Using Audits, Test Results, and Other Forms of Evaluation 101 E. Test to Make Sure Your Suppliers and Third-Party Providers Can Respond to and Recover from Service Disruption 102 Summary 103 Chapter Quiz 103 Essential Reading for Supply Chain Risk Management 104 Chapter 6 Manufacturing and Industrial Control Systems Security 105 Essential Reading on Manufacturing and Industrial Control Security 110 Appendix A: Helpful Advice for Small Organizations Seeking to Implement Some of the Book’s Recommendations 111 Appendix B: Critical Security Controls Version 8.0 Mapped to NIST CSF v1.1 113 Answers to Chapter Quizzes 121 Index 131

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Book SynopsisMaster CEH v11 and identify your weak spots CEH: Certified Ethical Hacker Version11Practice Testsare the ideal preparation for this high-stakes exam. Five complete, unique practice tests are designed to help you identify weak spots in your understanding, so you can direct your preparation efforts efficiently and gain the confidenceand skillsyou need to pass. These tests cover allsectionsections of the examblueprint, allowing you to test your knowledge ofBackground,Analysis/Assessment, Security, Tools/Systems/Programs, Procedures/Methodology, Regulation/Policy, and Ethics. Coverage aligns with CEH version11, including materialto test your knowledge ofreconnaissance and scanning,cloud, tablet, and mobileand wirelesssecurity and attacks, the latest vulnerabilities, and the new emphasis on Internet of Things (IoT). The exams are designed to familiarize CEH candidates with the test format, allowing them to become more comfortableapply their knowledge and skills in a high-pressure test setting. The ideal companion for the SybexCEH v11 Study Guide, this book is an invaluable tool for anyone aspiring to thishighly-regardedcertification. Offered by the International Council of Electronic Commerce Consultants, the Certified Ethical Hacker certification is unique in the penetration testingsphere, andrequires preparation specific to the CEH exam more than general IT security knowledge. This book of practice tests help you steer your study where it needs to go by giving you a glimpse of exam day while there's still time to prepare. Practice allsevensections of the CEH v11 examTest your knowledge of security, tools, procedures, and regulationsGauge your understanding ofvulnerabilities and threatsMaster the material well in advance of exam day By getting inside the mind ofan attacker, you gain a one-of-a-kind perspective that dramatically boosts your marketability and advancement potential. If you're ready to attempt this unique certification, the CEH: Certified Ethical Hacker Version 11 Practice Tests are the major preparation tool you should not be without.Table of ContentsIntroduction vi Chapter 1 Practice Test 1 1 Chapter 2 Practice Test 2 27 Chapter 3 Practice Test 3 55 Chapter 4 Practice Test 4 81 Chapter 5 Practice Test 5 107 Appendix Answers to Practice Tests 133 Chapter 1: Practice Test 1 134 Chapter 2: Practice Test 2 145 Chapter 3: Practice Test 3 157 Chapter 4: Practice Test 4 169 Chapter 5: Practice Test 5 180 Index 191

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Book SynopsisDistributed Systems Comprehensive textbook resource on distributed systemsintegrates foundational topics with advanced topics of contemporary importance within the field Distributed Systems: Theory and Applications is organized around three layers of abstractions: networks, middleware tools, and application framework. It presents data consistency models suited for requirements of innovative distributed shared memory applications. The book also focuses on distributed processing of big data, representation of distributed knowledge and management of distributed intelligence via distributed agents. To aid in understanding how these concepts apply to real-world situations, the work presents a case study on building a P2P Integrated E-Learning system. Downloadable lecture slides are included to help professors and instructors convey key concepts to their students. Additional topics discussed in Distributed Systems: Theory and Applications include: Table of ContentsAbout the Authors xv Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxi Acronyms xxiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Advantages of Distributed Systems 1 1.2 Defining Distributed Systems 3 1.3 Challenges of a Distributed System 5 1.4 Goals of Distributed System 6 1.4.1 Single System View 7 1.4.2 Hiding Distributions 7 1.4.3 Degrees and Distribution of Hiding 9 1.4.4 Interoperability 10 1.4.5 Dynamic Reconfiguration 10 1.5 Architectural Organization 11 1.6 Organization of the Book 12 Bibliography 13 2 The Internet 15 2.1 Origin and Organization 15 2.1.1 ISPs and the Topology of the Internet 17 2.2 Addressing the Nodes 17 2.3 Network Connection Protocol 20 2.3.1 IP Protocol 22 2.3.2 Transmission Control Protocol 22 2.3.3 User Datagram Protocol 22 2.4 Dynamic Host Control Protocol 23 2.5 Domain Name Service 24 2.5.1 Reverse DNS Lookup 27 2.5.2 Client Server Architecture 30 2.6 Content Distribution Network 32 2.7 Conclusion 34 Exercises 34 Bibliography 35 3 Process to Process Communication 37 3.1 Communication Types and Interfaces 38 3.1.1 Sequential Type 38 3.1.2 Declarative Type 39 3.1.3 Shared States 40 3.1.4 Message Passing 41 3.1.5 Communication Interfaces 41 3.2 Socket Programming 42 3.2.1 Socket Data Structures 43 3.2.2 Socket Calls 44 3.3 Remote Procedure Call 48 3.3.1 Xml RPC 52 3.4 Remote Method Invocation 55 3.5 Conclusion 59 Exercises 59 Additional Web Resources 61 Bibliography 61 4 Microservices, Containerization, and MPI 63 4.1 Microservice Architecture 64 4.2 REST Requests and APIs 66 4.2.1 Weather Data Using REST API 67 4.3 Cross Platform Applications 68 4.4 Message Passing Interface 78 4.4.1 Process Communication Models 78 4.4.2 Programming with MPI 81 4.5 Conclusion 87 Exercises 88 Additional Internet Resources 89 Bibliography 89 5 Clock Synchronization and Event Ordering 91 5.1 The Notion of Clock Time 92 5.2 External Clock Based Mechanisms 93 5.2.1 Cristian’s Algorithm 93 5.2.2 Berkeley Clock Protocol 94 5.2.3 Network Time Protocol 95 5.2.3.1 Symmetric Mode of Operation 96 5.3 Events and Temporal Ordering 97 5.3.1 Causal Dependency 99 5.4 Logical Clock 99 5.5 Causal Ordering of Messages 106 5.6 Multicast Message Ordering 107 5.6.1 Implementing FIFO Multicast 110 5.6.2 Implementing Causal Ordering 112 5.6.3 Implementing Total Ordering 113 5.6.4 Reliable Multicast 114 5.7 Interval Events 115 5.7.1 Conceptual Neighborhood 116 5.7.2 Spatial Events 118 5.8 Conclusion 120 Exercises 121 Bibliography 123 6 Global States and Termination Detection 127 6.1 Cuts and Global States 127 6.1.1 Global States 132 6.1.2 Recording of Global States 134 6.1.3 Problem in Recording Global State 138 6.2 Liveness and Safety 140 6.3 Termination Detection 143 6.3.1 Snapshot Based Termination Detection 144 6.3.2 Ring Method 145 6.3.3 Tree Method 148 6.3.4 Weight Throwing Method 151 6.4 Conclusion 153 Exercises 154 Bibliography 156 7 Leader Election 157 7.1 Impossibility Result 158 7.2 Bully Algorithm 159 7.3 Ring-Based Algorithms 160 7.3.1 Circulate IDs All the Way 161 7.3.2 As Far as an ID Can Go 162 7.4 Hirschberg and Sinclair Algorithm 163 7.5 Distributed Spanning Tree Algorithm 167 7.5.1 Single Initiator Spanning Tree 167 7.5.2 Multiple Initiators Spanning Tree 170 7.5.3 Minimum Spanning Tree 176 7.6 Leader Election in Trees 176 7.6.1 Overview of the Algorithm 176 7.6.2 Activation Stage 177 7.6.3 Saturation Stage 178 7.6.4 Resolution Stage 179 7.6.5 Two Nodes Enter SATURATED State 180 7.7 Leased Leader Election 182 7.8 Conclusion 184 Exercises 185 Bibliography 187 8 Mutual Exclusion 189 8.1 System Model 190 8.2 Coordinator-Based Solution 192 8.3 Assertion-Based Solutions 192 8.3.1 Lamport’s Algorithm 192 8.3.2 Improvement to Lamport’s Algorithm 195 8.3.3 Quorum-Based Algorithms 196 8.4 Token-Based Solutions 203 8.4.1 Suzuki and Kasami’s Algorithm 203 8.4.2 Singhal’s Heuristically Aided Algorithm 206 8.4.3 Raymond’s Tree-Based Algorithm 212 8.5 Conclusion 214 Exercises 215 Bibliography 216 9 Agreements and Consensus 219 9.1 System Model 220 9.1.1 Failures in Distributed System 221 9.1.2 Problem Definition 222 9.1.3 Agreement Problem and Its Equivalence 223 9.2 Byzantine General Problem (BGP) 225 9.2.1 BGP Solution Using Oral Messages 228 9.2.2 Phase King Algorithm 232 9.3 Commit Protocols 233 9.3.1 Two-Phase Commit Protocol 234 9.3.2 Three-Phase Commit 238 9.4 Consensus 239 9.4.1 Consensus in Synchronous Systems 239 9.4.2 Consensus in Asynchronous Systems 241 9.4.3 Paxos Algorithm 242 9.4.4 Raft Algorithm 244 9.4.5 Leader Election 246 9.5 Conclusion 248 Exercises 249 Bibliography 250 10 Gossip Protocols 253 10.1 Direct Mail 254 10.2 Generic Gossip Protocol 255 10.3 Anti-entropy 256 10.3.1 Push-Based Anti-Entropy 257 10.3.2 Pull-Based Anti-Entropy 258 10.3.3 Hybrid Anti-Entropy 260 10.3.4 Control and Propagation in Anti-Entropy 260 10.4 Rumor-mongering Gossip 261 10.4.1 Analysis of Rumor Mongering 262 10.4.2 Fault-Tolerance 265 10.5 Implementation Issues 265 10.5.1 Network-Related Issues 266 10.6 Applications of Gossip 267 10.6.1 Peer Sampling 267 10.6.2 Failure Detectors 270 10.6.3 Distributed Social Networking 271 10.7 Gossip in IoT Communication 273 10.7.1 Context-Aware Gossip 273 10.7.2 Flow-Aware Gossip 274 10.7.2.1 Fire Fly Gossip 274 10.7.2.2 Trickle 275 10.8 Conclusion 278 Exercises 279 Bibliography 280 11 Message Diffusion Using Publish and Subscribe 283 11.1 Publish and Subscribe Paradigm 284 11.1.1 Broker Network 285 11.2 Filters and Notifications 287 11.2.1 Subscription and Advertisement 288 11.2.2 Covering Relation 288 11.2.3 Merging Filters 290 11.2.4 Algorithms 291 11.3 Notification Service 294 11.3.1 Siena 294 11.3.2 Rebeca 295 11.3.3 Routing of Notification 296 11.4 MQTT 297 11.5 Advanced Message Queuing Protocol 299 11.6 Effects of Technology on Performance 301 11.7 Conclusions 303 Exercises 304 Bibliography 305 12 Peer-to-Peer Systems 309 12.1 The Origin and the Definition of P2P 310 12.2 P2P Models 311 12.2.1 Routing in P2P Network 312 12.3 Chord Overlay 313 12.4 Pastry 321 12.5 Can 325 12.6 Kademlia 327 12.7 Conclusion 331 Exercises 332 Bibliography 333 13 Distributed Shared Memory 337 13.1 Multicore and S-DSM 338 13.1.1 Coherency by Delegation to a Central Server 339 13.2 Manycore Systems and S-DSM 340 13.3 Programming Abstractions 341 13.3.1 MapReduce 341 13.3.2 OpenMP 343 13.3.3 Merging Publish and Subscribe with DSM 345 13.4 Memory Consistency Models 347 13.4.1 Sequential Consistency 349 13.4.2 Linearizability or Atomic Consistency 351 13.4.3 Relaxed Consistency Models 352 13.4.3.1 Release Consistency 356 13.4.4 Comparison of Memory Models 357 13.5 DSM Access Algorithms 358 13.5.1 Central Sever Algorithm 359 13.5.2 Migration Algorithm 360 13.5.3 Read Replication Algorithm 361 13.5.4 Full Replication Algorithm 362 13.6 Conclusion 364 Exercises 364 Bibliography 367 14 Distributed Data Management 371 14.1 Distributed Storage Systems 372 14.1.1 Raid 372 14.1.2 Storage Area Networks 372 14.1.3 Cloud Storage 373 14.2 Distributed File Systems 375 14.3 Distributed Index 376 14.4 NoSQL Databases 377 14.4.1 Key-Value and Document Databases 378 14.4.1.1 MapReduce Algorithm 380 14.4.2 Wide Column Databases 381 14.4.3 Graph Databases 382 14.4.3.1 Pregel Algorithm 384 14.5 Distributed Data Analytics 386 14.5.1 Distributed Clustering Algorithms 388 14.5.1.1 Distributed K-Means Clustering Algorithm 388 14.5.2 Stream Clustering 391 14.5.2.1 BIRCH Algorithm 392 14.6 Conclusion 393 Exercises 394 Bibliography 395 15 Distributed Knowledge Management 399 15.1 Distributed Knowledge 400 15.2 Distributed Knowledge Representation 401 15.2.1 Resource Description Framework (RDF) 401 15.2.2 Web Ontology Language (OWL) 406 15.3 Linked Data 407 15.3.1 Friend of a Friend 407 15.3.2 DBpedia 408 15.4 Querying Distributed Knowledge 409 15.4.1 SPARQL Query Language 410 15.4.2 SPARQL Query Semantics 411 15.4.3 SPARQL Query Processing 413 15.4.4 Distributed SPARQL Query Processing 414 15.4.5 Federated and Peer-to-Peer SPARQL Query Processing 416 15.5 Data Integration in Distributed Sensor Networks 421 15.5.1 Semantic Data Integration 422 15.5.2 Data Integration in Constrained Systems 424 15.6 Conclusion 427 Exercises 428 Bibliography 429 16 Distributed Intelligence 433 16.1 Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 434 16.1.1 Agent Embodiment 436 16.1.2 Mobile Agents 436 16.1.3 Multi-Agent Systems 437 16.2 Communication in Agent-Based Systems 438 16.2.1 Agent Communication Protocols 439 16.2.2 Interaction Protocols 440 16.2.2.1 Request Interaction Protocol 441 16.3 Agent Middleware 441 16.3.1 FIPA Reference Model 442 16.3.2 FIPA Compliant Middleware 443 16.3.2.1 JADE: Java Agent Development Environment 443 16.3.2.2 MobileC 443 16.3.3 Agent Migration 444 16.4 Agent Coordination 445 16.4.1 Planning 447 16.4.1.1 Distributed Planning Paradigms 447 16.4.1.2 Distributed Plan Representation and Execution 448 16.4.2 Task Allocation 450 16.4.2.1 Contract-Net Protocol 450 16.4.2.2 Allocation of Multiple Tasks 452 16.4.3 Coordinating Through the Environment 453 16.4.3.1 Construct-Ant-Solution 455 16.4.3.2 Update-Pheromone 456 16.4.4 Coordination Without Communication 456 16.5 Conclusion 456 Exercises 457 Bibliography 459 17 Distributed Ledger 461 17.1 Cryptographic Techniques 462 17.2 Distributed Ledger Systems 464 17.2.1 Properties of Distributed Ledger Systems 465 17.2.2 A Framework for Distributed Ledger Systems 466 17.3 Blockchain 467 17.3.1 Distributed Consensus in Blockchain 468 17.3.2 Forking 470 17.3.3 Distributed Asset Tracking 471 17.3.4 Byzantine Fault Tolerance and Proof of Work 472 17.4 Other Techniques for Distributed Consensus 473 17.4.1 Alternative Proofs 473 17.4.2 Non-linear Data Structures 474 17.4.2.1 Tangle 474 17.4.2.2 Hashgraph 476 17.5 Scripts and Smart Contracts 480 17.6 Distributed Ledgers for Cyber-Physical Systems 483 17.6.1 Layered Architecture 484 17.6.2 Smart Contract in Cyber-Physical Systems 486 17.7 Conclusion 486 Exercises 487 Bibliography 488 18 Case Study 491 18.1 Collaborative E-Learning Systems 492 18.2 P2P E-Learning System 493 18.2.1 Web Conferencing Versus P2P-IPS 495 18.3 P2P Shared Whiteboard 497 18.3.1 Repainting Shared Whiteboard 497 18.3.2 Consistency of Board View at Peers 498 18.4 P2P Live Streaming 500 18.4.1 Peer Joining 500 18.4.2 Peer Leaving 503 18.4.3 Handling “Ask Doubt” 504 18.5 P2P-IPS for Stored Contents 504 18.5.1 De Bruijn Graphs for DHT Implementation 505 18.5.2 Node Information Structure 507 18.5.2.1 Join Example 510 18.5.3 Leaving of Peers 510 18.6 Searching, Sharing, and Indexing 511 18.6.1 Pre-processing of Files 511 18.6.2 File Indexing 512 18.6.3 File Lookup and Download 512 18.7 Annotations and Discussion Forum 513 18.7.1 Annotation Format 513 18.7.2 Storing Annotations 514 18.7.3 Audio and Video Annotation 514 18.7.4 PDF Annotation 514 18.7.5 Posts, Comments, and Announcements 514 18.7.6 Synchronization of Posts and Comments 515 18.7.6.1 Epidemic Dissemination 516 18.7.6.2 Reconciliation 516 18.8 Simulation Results 516 18.8.1 Live Streaming and Shared Whiteboard 517 18.8.2 De Bruijn Overlay 518 18.9 Conclusion 520 Bibliography 521 Index 525

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Book Synopsis6G Key Technologies An accessible and integrated roadmap to the technologies enabling 6G development In 6G Key Technologies: A Comprehensive Guide, two internationally well-recognized experts deliver a thoroughly original and comprehensive exploration of the technologies enabling and contributing to the development of 6G. The book presents the vision of 6G by reviewing the evolution of communications technologies toward 6G and examining the factors driving that development, as well as their requirements, use cases, key performance indicators, and more. Readers will discover: Thorough introductions to the standardization and technology evolution toward 6G, as well as the vision behind the development of 6G in terms of architectures, algorithms, protocols, and applications. In-depth explorations of full-spectrum wireless technologies in 6G, including enhanced millimeter wave technologies, terahertz-based communications and networking, viTable of ContentsPreface xv List of Abbreviations xxi Part I The Vision of 6G and Technical Evolution 1 1 Standards History of Cellular Systems Toward 6G 3 1.1 0G: Pre-Cellular Systems 4 1.2 1G: The Birth of Cellular Network 6 1.2.1 Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) 7 1.2.2 Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) 8 1.3 2G: From Analog to Digital 9 1.3.1 Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) 10 1.3.2 Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System (D-AMPS) 11 1.3.3 Interim Standard 95 (IS-95) 11 1.3.4 Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) 12 1.3.5 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) 12 1.3.6 Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) 14 1.4 3G: From Voice to Data-Centric 15 1.4.1 Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) 16 1.4.2 Code-Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000) 18 1.4.3 Time Division-Synchronous Code-Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) 21 1.4.4 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) 22 1.5 4G: Mobile Internet 23 1.5.1 Long-Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-Advanced) 25 1.5.2 WirelessMAN-Advanced 28 1.6 5G: From Human to Machine 30 1.7 Beyond 5G 37 1.8 Conclusions 39 References 39 2 Pre-6G Technology and System Evolution 43 2.1 1G –AMPS 44 2.1.1 System Architecture 44 2.1.2 Key Technologies 46 2.1.2.1 Frequency Reuse 46 2.1.2.2 Cell Splitting 47 2.1.2.3 Sectorization 48 2.1.2.4 Handover 48 2.1.2.5 Frequency-Division Multiple Access 49 2.2 2G –GSM 49 2.2.1 System Architecture 50 2.2.1.1 Mobile Station Subsystem 50 2.2.1.2 Bases Station Subsystem 50 2.2.1.3 Network and Switching Subsystem 51 2.2.1.4 Operation and Support Subsystem 51 2.2.1.5 General Packet Radio Service 52 2.2.1.6 Gateway GPRS Support Node 53 2.2.2 Key Technologies 53 2.2.2.1 Time-Division Multiple Access 53 2.2.2.2 Frequency Hopping 54 2.2.2.3 Speech Compression 55 2.2.2.4 Channel Coding 55 2.2.2.5 Digital Modulation 56 2.2.2.6 Discontinuous Transmission (DXT) 56 2.3 3G –WCDMA 56 2.3.1 System Architecture 57 2.3.1.1 User Equipment 57 2.3.1.2 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network 58 2.3.1.3 Core Network 59 2.3.2 Key Technologies 60 2.3.2.1 Code-Division Multiple Access 60 2.3.2.2 Rake Receiver 63 2.3.2.3 Turbo Codes 63 2.4 4G – LTE 64 2.4.1 System Architecture 65 2.4.1.1 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network 65 2.4.1.2 Evolved Packet Core 65 2.4.2 Key Technologies 68 2.4.2.1 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 70 2.4.2.2 Carrier Aggregation 71 2.4.2.3 Relaying 71 2.4.2.4 Heterogeneous Network 72 2.4.2.5 Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission and Reception 73 2.4.2.6 Device-to-Device Communications 73 2.4.2.7 License-Assisted Access 74 2.5 5G –New Radio 75 2.5.1 System Architecture 76 2.5.1.1 5G Core Network 77 2.5.1.2 Next Generation Radio Access Network 79 2.5.2 Key Technologies 81 2.5.2.1 Massive MIMO 81 2.5.2.2 MillimeterWave 82 2.5.2.3 Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access 83 2.5.2.4 SDN/NFV 84 2.5.2.5 Network Slicing 85 2.5.2.6 Polar Codes 86 2.6 Conclusions 87 References 87 3 The Vision of 6G: Drivers, Enablers, Uses, and Roadmap 89 3.1 Background 90 3.2 Explosive Mobile Traffic 92 3.3 Use Cases 94 3.4 Usage Scenarios 98 3.5 Performance Requirements 102 3.6 Research Initiatives and Roadmap 107 3.6.1 ITU 108 3.6.2 Third Generation Partnership Project 110 3.6.3 Industry 110 3.6.4 Europe 110 3.6.5 The United States 113 3.6.6 China 116 3.6.7 Japan 116 3.6.8 South Korea 117 3.7 Key Technologies 117 3.7.1 MillimeterWave 118 3.7.2 Terahertz Communications 118 3.7.3 Optical Wireless Communications 119 3.7.4 Massive MIMO 120 3.7.5 Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces 121 3.7.6 Next-Generation Multiple Access 122 3.7.7 Open Radio Access Network 123 3.7.8 Non-Terrestrial Networks 124 3.7.9 Artificial Intelligence 125 3.7.10 Communication-Computing-Sensing Convergence 127 3.8 Conclusions 128 References 128 Part II Full-Spectra Wireless Communications in 6G 131 4 Enhanced Millimeter-Wave Wireless Communications in 6G 133 4.1 Spectrum Shortage 134 4.2 mmWave Propagation Characteristics 136 4.2.1 Large-Scale Propagation Effects 137 4.2.1.1 Free-Space Propagation Loss 137 4.2.1.2 NLOS Propagation and Shadowing 139 4.2.1.3 Atmospheric Attenuation 141 4.2.2 Small-Scale Propagation Effects 143 4.2.3 Delay Spread and Coherence Bandwidth 145 4.2.4 Doppler Spread and Coherence Bandwidth 146 4.2.5 Angular Spread 149 4.3 Millimeter-Wave Channel Models 152 4.3.1 Large-Scale Fading 152 4.3.2 3GPP Channel Models 155 4.3.2.1 Urban Micro Scenario 155 4.3.2.2 Urban Macro Scenario 156 4.3.2.3 Indoor Scenario 157 4.3.3 Small-Scale Fading 159 4.4 mmWave Transmission Technologies 163 4.4.1 Beamforming 163 4.4.1.1 Digital Beamforming 164 4.4.1.2 Analog Beamforming 168 4.4.1.3 Hybrid Beamforming 169 4.4.1.4 3D Beamforming 173 4.4.2 Initial Access 175 4.4.2.1 Multi-Beam Synchronization and Broadcasting 176 4.4.2.2 Conventional Initial Access in LTE 178 4.4.2.3 Beam-Sweeping Initial Access in NR 181 4.4.3 Omnidirectional Beamforming 183 4.4.3.1 Random Beamforming 185 4.4.3.2 Enhanced Random Beamforming 187 4.4.3.3 Complementary Random Beamforming 190 4.5 Summary 192 References 193 5 Terahertz Technologies and Systems for 6G 195 5.1 Potential of Terahertz Band 196 5.1.1 Spectrum Limit 196 5.1.2 The Need of Exploiting Terahertz Band 198 5.1.3 Spectrum Regulation on Terahertz Band 203 5.2 Terahertz Applications 205 5.2.1 Terahertz Wireless Communications 205 5.2.1.1 Terabit Cellular Hotspot 205 5.2.1.2 Terabit Wireless Local-Area Network 206 5.2.1.3 Terabit Device-To-Device Link 206 5.2.1.4 Secure Wireless Communication 207 5.2.1.5 Terabit Wireless Backhaul 207 5.2.1.6 Terahertz Nano-Communications 208 5.2.2 Non-Communication Terahertz Applications 209 5.2.2.1 Terahertz Sensing 209 5.2.2.2 Terahertz Imaging 210 5.2.2.3 Terahertz Positioning 212 5.3 Challenges of Terahertz Communications 212 5.3.1 High Free-Space Path Loss 213 5.3.2 Atmospheric Attenuation 215 5.3.3 Weather Effects 222 5.3.4 Blockage 224 5.3.5 High Channel Fluctuation 226 5.4 Array-of-Subarrays Beamforming 228 5.5 Lens Antenna 231 5.5.1 Refraction of RadioWaves 232 5.5.2 Lens Antenna Array 233 5.6 Case Study – IEEE 802.15.3d 236 5.6.1 IEEE 802.15.3d Usage Scenarios 237 5.6.2 Physical Layer 240 5.6.2.1 Channelization 240 5.6.2.2 Modulation 242 5.6.2.3 Forward Error Correction 242 5.6.3 Medium Access Control 244 5.6.4 Frame Structure 246 5.6.4.1 Preamble 247 5.6.4.2 PHY Header 247 5.6.4.3 MAC Header 248 5.6.4.4 Construction Process of Frame Header 248 5.7 Summary 250 References 251 6 Optical and Visible Light Wireless Communications in 6G 253 6.1 The Optical Spectrum 254 6.1.1 Infrared 254 6.1.2 Visible Light 256 6.1.3 Ultraviolet 257 6.2 Advantages and Challenges 258 6.3 OWC Applications 262 6.4 Evolution of Optical Wireless Communications 264 6.4.1 Wireless Infrared Communications 265 6.4.2 Visible Light Communications 266 6.4.3 Wireless Ultraviolet Communications 267 6.4.4 Free-Space Optical Communications 268 6.5 Optical Transceiver 268 6.6 Optical Sources and Detectors 271 6.6.1 Light-Emitting Diode 273 6.6.2 Laser Diode 276 6.6.3 Photodiode 280 6.7 Optical Link Configuration 283 6.8 Optical MIMO 286 6.8.1 Spatial Multiplexing 286 6.8.2 Spatial Modulation 289 6.9 Summary 292 References 292 Part III Smart Radio Networks and Air Interface Technologies for 6G 295 7 Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided Communications for 6G 297 7.1 Basic Concept 298 7.2 IRS-Aided Single-Antenna Transmission 302 7.2.1 Signal Model 303 7.2.2 Passive Beamforming 306 7.2.3 Product-Distance Path Loss 309 7.3 IRS-Aided Multi-Antenna Transmission 310 7.3.1 Joint Active and Passive Beamforming 310 7.3.1.1 SDR Solution 312 7.3.1.2 Alternating Optimization 314 7.3.2 Joint Precoding and Reflecting 315 7.4 Dual-Beam Intelligent Reflecting Surface 318 7.4.1 Dual Beams Over Hybrid Beamforming 318 7.4.2 Dual-Beam IRS 321 7.4.3 Optimization Design 322 7.5 IRS-Aided Wideband Communications 325 7.5.1 Cascaded Frequency-Selective Channel 325 7.5.2 IRS-Aided OFDM System 327 7.5.3 Rate Maximization 330 7.6 Multi-User IRS Communications 331 7.6.1 Multiple Access Model 332 7.6.2 Orthogonal Multiple Access 333 7.6.2.1 Time-Division Multiple Access 334 7.6.2.2 Frequency-Division Multiple Access 336 7.6.3 Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access 337 7.7 Channel Aging and Prediction 339 7.7.1 Outdated Channel State Information 341 7.7.1.1 Doppler Shift 341 7.7.1.2 Phase Noise 343 7.7.2 Impact of Channel Aging on IRS 343 7.7.3 Classical Channel Prediction 345 7.7.3.1 Autoregressive Model 345 7.7.3.2 Parametric Model 347 7.7.4 Recurrent Neural Network 348 7.7.5 RNN-Based Channel Prediction 351 7.7.5.1 Flat-Fading Channel Prediction 352 7.7.5.2 Frequency-Selective Fading Channel Prediction 353 7.7.6 Long-Short Term Memory 355 7.7.7 Deep Learning-Based Channel Prediction 358 7.8 Summary 359 References 359 8 Multiple Dimensional and Antenna Techniques for 6G 363 8.1 Spatial Diversity 364 8.2 Receive Combining 366 8.2.1 Selection Combining 368 8.2.2 Maximal Ratio Combining 370 8.2.3 Equal-Gain Combining 373 8.3 Space-Time Coding 374 8.3.1 Repetition Coding 375 8.3.2 Space-Time Trellis Codes 377 8.3.3 Alamouti Coding 379 8.3.4 Space-Time Block Codes 381 8.4 Transmit Antenna Selection 383 8.5 Beamforming 386 8.5.1 Classical Beamforming 386 8.5.2 Single-Stream Precoding 390 8.6 Spatial Multiplexing 393 8.6.1 Single-User MIMO 394 8.6.2 MIMO Precoding 400 8.6.2.1 Full CSI at the Transmitter 400 8.6.2.2 Limited CSI at the Transmitter 403 8.6.3 MIMO Detection 406 8.6.3.1 Maximum-Likelihood Detection 406 8.6.3.2 Linear Detection 407 8.6.3.3 Successive Interference Cancelation 410 8.7 Summary 413 References 413 9 Cellular and Cell-Free Massive MIMO Techniques in 6G 417 9.1 Multi-User MIMO 418 9.1.1 Broadcast and Multiple-Access Channels 419 9.1.2 Multi-User Sum Capacity 422 9.1.3 Dirty Paper Coding 425 9.1.4 Zero-Forcing Precoding 428 9.1.5 Block Diagonalization 429 9.2 Massive MIMO 432 9.2.1 CSI Acquisition 433 9.2.2 Linear Detection in Uplink 435 9.2.2.1 Matched Filtering 436 9.2.2.2 ZF Detection 436 9.2.2.3 MMSE Detection 437 9.2.3 Linear Precoding in Downlink 437 9.2.3.1 Conjugate Beamforming 438 9.2.3.2 ZF Precoding 438 9.2.3.3 Regularized ZF Precoding 439 9.3 Multi-Cell Massive MIMO 439 9.3.1 Pilot Contamination 441 9.3.2 Uplink Data Transmission 444 9.3.3 Downlink Data Transmission 446 9.4 Cell-Free Massive MIMO 447 9.4.1 Cell-Free Network Layout 448 9.4.2 Uplink Training 449 9.4.3 Uplink Signal Detection 451 9.4.3.1 Matched Filtering 452 9.4.3.2 ZF Detection 452 9.4.3.3 MMSE Detection 452 9.4.4 Conjugate Beamforming 453 9.4.5 Zero-Forcing Precoding 455 9.4.6 Impact of Channel Aging 457 9.4.6.1 Channel Aging 457 9.4.6.2 Performance Degradation 460 9.5 Opportunistic Cell-Free Communications 464 9.5.1 Cell-free Massive Wideband Systems 464 9.5.2 Opportunistic AP Selection 466 9.5.3 Spectral Efficiency Analysis 468 9.6 Summary 472 References 472 10 Adaptive and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Systems in 6G 475 10.1 Frequency-Selective Fading Channel 476 10.2 Multi-Carrier Modulation 480 10.2.1 The Synthesis and Analysis Filters 480 10.2.2 Polyphase Implementation 483 10.2.3 Filter Bank Multi-Carrier 486 10.3 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing 487 10.3.1 DFT Implementation 491 10.3.2 Cyclic Prefix 493 10.3.3 Frequency-Domain Signal Processing 496 10.3.4 Out-of-Band Emission 499 10.4 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access 503 10.4.1 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access 503 10.4.2 Single-Carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access 505 10.4.3 Cyclic Delay Diversity 507 10.4.4 Multi-Cell OFDMA 510 10.5 Cell-Free Massive MIMO-OFDMA 512 10.5.1 The System Model 513 10.5.2 The Communication Process 516 10.5.2.1 Uplink Training 516 10.5.2.2 Uplink Payload Data Transmission 518 10.5.2.3 Downlink Payload Data Transmission 518 10.5.3 User-Specific Resource Allocation 519 10.6 Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access 520 10.6.1 Fundamentals of NOMA 521 10.6.1.1 Downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiplexing 522 10.6.1.2 Uplink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access 525 10.6.2 Multi-User Superposition Coding 528 10.6.3 Uplink Grant-Free Transmission 531 10.6.4 Code-Domain NOMA 533 10.6.4.1 Low-Density Signature-CDMA/OFDM 533 10.6.4.2 Sparse Code Multiple Access 536 10.7 Summary 538 References 538 Index 541

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction xxv Assessment Test xlviii Part I Getting Started as an SSCP 1 Chapter 1 The Business Case for Decision Assurance and Information Security 3 Information: The Lifeblood of Business 4 Policy, Procedure, and Process: How Business Gets Business Done 10 Who Runs the Business? 20 Summary 24 Exam Essentials 24 Review Questions 26 Chapter 2 Information Security Fundamentals 33 The Common Needs for Privacy, Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability 34 Training and Educating Everybody 47 SSCPs and Professional Ethics 47 Summary 49 Exam Essentials 50 Review Questions 54 Part II Integrated Risk Management and Mitigation 61 Chapter 3 Integrated Information Risk Management 63 It’s a Dangerous World 64 The Four Faces of Risk 75 Getting Integrated and Proactive with Information Defense 83 Risk Management: Concepts and Frameworks 89 Risk Assessment 95 Four Choices for Limiting or Containing Damage 107 Summary 114 Exam Essentials 114 Review Questions 120 Chapter 4 Operationalizing Risk Mitigation 127 From Tactical Planning to Information Security Operations 128 Operationalizing Risk Mitigation: Step by Step 134 The Ongoing Job of Keeping Your Baseline Secure 164 Ongoing, Continuous Monitoring 174 Reporting to and Engaging with Management 182 Summary 183 Exam Essentials 183 Review Questions 189 Part III The Technologies of Information Security 197 Chapter 5 Communications and Network Security 199 Trusting Our Communications in a Converged World 200 Internet Systems Concepts 206 Two Protocol Stacks, One Internet 218 Wireless Network Technologies 240 IP Addresses, DHCP, and Subnets 243 IPv4 vs. IPv6: Important Differences and Options 248 CIANA Layer by Layer 251 Securing Networks as Systems 262 Summary 273 Exam Essentials 273 Review Questions 280 Chapter 6 Identity and Access Control 285 Identity and Access: Two Sides of the Same CIANA+PS Coin 286 Identity Management Concepts 288 Access Control Concepts 295 Network Access Control 305 Implementing and Scaling IAM 310 User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA) 329 Zero Trust Architectures 332 Summary 333 Exam Essentials 334 Review Questions 343 Chapter 7 Cryptography 349 Cryptography: What and Why 350 Building Blocks of Digital Cryptographic Systems 358 Keys and Key Management 367 “Why Isn’t All of This Stuff Secret?” 373 Cryptography and CIANA+PS 375 Public Key Infrastructures 381 Applying Cryptography to Meet Different Needs 399 Managing Cryptographic Assets and Systems 405 Measures of Merit for Cryptographic Solutions 407 Attacks and Countermeasures 408 PKI and Trust: A Recap 418 On the Near Horizon 420 Summary 423 Exam Essentials 424 Review Questions 429 Chapter 8 Hardware and Systems Security 435 Infrastructure Security Is Baseline Management 437 Securing the Physical Context 442 Infrastructures 101 and Threat Modeling 444 Endpoint Security 457 Malware: Exploiting the Infrastructure’s Vulnerabilities 462 Privacy and Secure Browsing 466 “The Sin of Aggregation” 469 Updating the Threat Model 469 Managing Your Systems’ Security 470 Summary 471 Exam Essentials 472 Review Questions 478 Chapter 9 Applications, Data, and Cloud Security 483 It’s a Data-Driven World…At the Endpoint 484 Software as Appliances 487 Applications Lifecycles and Security 490 CIANA+PS and Applications Software Requirements 498 Application Vulnerabilities 504 “Shadow IT:” The Dilemma of the User as Builder 507 Information Quality and Information Assurance 511 Protecting Data in Motion, in Use, and at Rest 514 Into the Clouds: Endpoint App and Data Security Considerations 522 Legal and Regulatory Issues 533 Countermeasures: Keeping Your Apps and Data Safe and Secure 535 Summary 536 Exam Essentials 537 Review Questions 548 Part IV People Power: What Makes or Breaks Information Security 555 Chapter 10 Incident Response and Recovery 557 Defeating the Kill Chain One Skirmish at a Time 558 Harsh Realities of Real Incidents 564 Incident Response Framework 566 Preparation 571 Detection and Analysis 578 Containment and Eradication 584 Recovery: Getting Back to Business 587 Post-Incident Activities 590 Summary 594 Exam Essentials 595 Review Questions 601 Chapter 11 Business Continuity via Information Security and People Power 607 What Is a Disaster? 608 Surviving to Operate: Plan for It! 609 Timelines for BC/DR Planning and Action 615 Options for Recovery 617 Cloud- Based “Do- Over” Buttons for Continuity, Security, and Resilience 623 People Power for BC/DR 626 Security Assessment: For BC/DR and Compliance 633 Converged Communications: Keeping Them Secure During BC/DR Actions 634 Summary 637 Exam Essentials 637 Review Questions 641 Chapter 12 Cross-Domain Challenges 647 Operationalizing Security Across the Immediate and Longer Term 648 Supply Chains, Security, and the SSCP 657 Other Dangers on the Web and Net 662 On Our Way to the Future 666 Enduring Lessons 672 Your Next Steps 677 At the Close 678 Exam Essentials 678 Review Questions 683 Appendix Answers to Review Questions 689 Chapter 1: The Business Case for Decision Assurance and Information Security 690 Chapter 2: Information Security Fundamentals 693 Chapter 3: Integrated Information Risk Management 695 Chapter 4: Operationalizing Risk Mitigation 698 Chapter 5: Communications and Network Security 701 Chapter 6: Identity and Access Control 704 Chapter 7: Cryptography 707 Chapter 8: Hardware and Systems Security 709 Chapter 9: Applications, Data, and Cloud Security 712 Chapter 10: Incident Response and Recovery 715 Chapter 11: Business Continuity via Information Security and People Power 718 Chapter 12: Cross- Domain Challenges 722 Index 727

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Book SynopsisDeep Reinforcement Learning for Wireless Communications and Networking Comprehensive guide to Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) as applied to wireless communication systems Deep Reinforcement Learning for Wireless Communications and Networking presents an overview of the development of DRL while providing fundamental knowledge about theories, formulation, design, learning models, algorithms and implementation of DRL together with a particular case study to practice. The book also covers diverse applications of DRL to address various problems in wireless networks, such as caching, offloading, resource sharing, and security. The authors discuss open issues by introducing some advanced DRL approaches to address emerging issues in wireless communications and networking. Covering new advanced models of DRL, e.g., deep dueling architecture and generative adversarial networks, as well as emerging problems considered in wireless networks, e.g., ambient backscatterTable of ContentsNotes on Contributors xiii Foreword xiv Preface xv Acknowledgments xviii Acronyms xix Introduction xxii Part I Fundamentals of Deep Reinforcement Learning 1 1 Deep Reinforcement Learning and Its Applications 3 1.1 Wireless Networks and Emerging Challenges 3 1.2 Machine Learning Techniques and Development of DRL 4 1.2.1 Machine Learning 4 1.2.2 Artificial Neural Network 7 1.2.3 Convolutional Neural Network 8 1.2.4 Recurrent Neural Network 9 1.2.5 Development of Deep Reinforcement Learning 10 1.3 Potentials and Applications of DRL 11 1.3.1 Benefits of DRL in Human Lives 11 1.3.2 Features and Advantages of DRL Techniques 12 1.3.3 Academic Research Activities 12 1.3.4 Applications of DRL Techniques 13 1.3.5 Applications of DRL Techniques in Wireless Networks 15 1.4 Structure of this Book and Target Readership 16 1.4.1 Motivations and Structure of this Book 16 1.4.2 Target Readership 19 1.5 Chapter Summary 20 References 21 2 Markov Decision Process and Reinforcement Learning 25 2.1 Markov Decision Process 25 2.2 Partially Observable Markov Decision Process 26 2.3 Policy and Value Functions 29 2.4 Bellman Equations 30 2.5 Solutions of MDP Problems 31 2.5.1 Dynamic Programming 31 2.5.1.1 Policy Evaluation 31 2.5.1.2 Policy Improvement 31 2.5.1.3 Policy Iteration 31 2.5.2 Monte Carlo Sampling 32 2.6 Reinforcement Learning 33 2.7 Chapter Summary 35 References 35 3 Deep Reinforcement Learning Models and Techniques 37 3.1 Value-Based DRL Methods 37 3.1.1 Deep Q-Network 38 3.1.2 Double DQN 41 3.1.3 Prioritized Experience Replay 42 3.1.4 Dueling Network 44 3.2 Policy-Gradient Methods 45 3.2.1 REINFORCE Algorithm 46 3.2.1.1 Policy Gradient Estimation 46 3.2.1.2 Reducing the Variance 48 3.2.1.3 Policy Gradient Theorem 50 3.2.2 Actor-Critic Methods 51 3.2.3 Advantage of Actor-Critic Methods 52 3.2.3.1 Advantage of Actor-Critic (A2C) 53 3.2.3.2 Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (A3C) 55 3.2.3.3 Generalized Advantage Estimate (GAE) 57 3.3 Deterministic Policy Gradient (DPG) 59 3.3.1 Deterministic Policy Gradient Theorem 59 3.3.2 Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) 61 3.3.3 Distributed Distributional DDPG (D4PG) 63 3.4 Natural Gradients 63 3.4.1 Principle of Natural Gradients 64 3.4.2 Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO) 67 3.4.2.1 Trust Region 69 3.4.2.2 Sample-Based Formulation 70 3.4.2.3 Practical Implementation 70 3.4.3 Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) 72 3.5 Model-Based RL 74 3.5.1 Vanilla Model-Based RL 75 3.5.2 Robust Model-Based RL: Model-Ensemble TRPO (ME-TRPO) 76 3.5.3 Adaptive Model-Based RL: Model-Based Meta-Policy Optimization (mb-mpo) 77 3.6 Chapter Summary 78 References 79 4 A Case Study and Detailed Implementation 83 4.1 System Model and Problem Formulation 83 4.1.1 System Model and Assumptions 84 4.1.1.1 Jamming Model 84 4.1.1.2 System Operation 85 4.1.2 Problem Formulation 86 4.1.2.1 State Space 86 4.1.2.2 Action Space 87 4.1.2.3 Immediate Reward 88 4.1.2.4 Optimization Formulation 88 4.2 Implementation and Environment Settings 89 4.2.1 Install TensorFlow with Anaconda 89 4.2.2 Q-Learning 90 4.2.2.1 Codes for the Environment 91 4.2.2.2 Codes for the Agent 96 4.2.3 Deep Q-Learning 97 4.3 Simulation Results and Performance Analysis 102 4.4 Chapter Summary 106 References 106 Part II Applications of Drl in Wireless Communications and Networking 109 5 DRL at the Physical Layer 111 5.1 Beamforming, Signal Detection, and Decoding 111 5.1.1 Beamforming 111 5.1.1.1 Beamforming Optimization Problem 111 5.1.1.2 DRL-Based Beamforming 113 5.1.2 Signal Detection and Channel Estimation 118 5.1.2.1 Signal Detection and Channel Estimation Problem 118 5.1.2.2 RL-Based Approaches 120 5.1.3 Channel Decoding 122 5.2 Power and Rate Control 123 5.2.1 Power and Rate Control Problem 123 5.2.2 DRL-Based Power and Rate Control 124 5.3 Physical-Layer Security 128 5.4 Chapter Summary 129 References 131 6 DRL at the MAC Layer 137 6.1 Resource Management and Optimization 137 6.2 Channel Access Control 139 6.2.1 DRL in the IEEE 802.11 MAC 141 6.2.2 MAC for Massive Access in IoT 143 6.2.3 MAC for 5G and B5G Cellular Systems 147 6.3 Heterogeneous MAC Protocols 155 6.4 Chapter Summary 158 References 158 7 DRL at the Network Layer 163 7.1 Traffic Routing 163 7.2 Network Slicing 166 7.2.1 Network Slicing-Based Architecture 166 7.2.2 Applications of DRL in Network Slicing 168 7.3 Network Intrusion Detection 179 7.3.1 Host-Based IDS 180 7.3.2 Network-Based IDS 181 7.4 Chapter Summary 183 References 183 8 DRL at the Application and Service Layer 187 8.1 Content Caching 187 8.1.1 QoS-Aware Caching 187 8.1.2 Joint Caching and Transmission Control 189 8.1.3 Joint Caching, Networking, and Computation 191 8.2 Data and Computation Offloading 193 8.3 Data Processing and Analytics 198 8.3.1 Data Organization 198 8.3.1.1 Data Partitioning 198 8.3.1.2 Data Compression 199 8.3.2 Data Scheduling 200 8.3.3 Tuning of Data Processing Systems 201 8.3.4 Data Indexing 202 8.3.4.1 Database Index Selection 202 8.3.4.2 Index Structure Construction 203 8.3.5 Query Optimization 205 8.4 Chapter Summary 206 References 207 Part III Challenges, Approaches, Open Issues, and Emerging Research Topics 213 9 DRL Challenges in Wireless Networks 215 9.1 Adversarial Attacks on DRL 215 9.1.1 Attacks Perturbing the State space 215 9.1.1.1 Manipulation of Observations 216 9.1.1.2 Manipulation of Training Data 218 9.1.2 Attacks Perturbing the Reward Function 220 9.1.3 Attacks Perturbing the Action Space 222 9.2 Multiagent DRL in Dynamic Environments 223 9.2.1 Motivations 223 9.2.2 Multiagent Reinforcement Learning Models 224 9.2.2.1 Markov/Stochastic Games 225 9.2.2.2 Decentralized Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (dpomdp) 226 9.2.3 Applications of Multiagent DRL in Wireless Networks 227 9.2.4 Challenges of Using Multiagent DRL in Wireless Networks 229 9.2.4.1 Nonstationarity Issue 229 9.2.4.2 Partial Observability Issue 229 9.3 Other Challenges 230 9.3.1 Inherent Problems of Using RL in Real-Word Systems 230 9.3.1.1 Limited Learning Samples 230 9.3.1.2 System Delays 230 9.3.1.3 High-Dimensional State and Action Spaces 231 9.3.1.4 System and Environment Constraints 231 9.3.1.5 Partial Observability and Nonstationarity 231 9.3.1.6 Multiobjective Reward Functions 232 9.3.2 Inherent Problems of DL and Beyond 232 9.3.2.1 Inherent Problems of dl 232 9.3.2.2 Challenges of DRL Beyond Deep Learning 233 9.3.3 Implementation of DL Models in Wireless Devices 236 9.4 Chapter Summary 237 References 237 10 DRL and Emerging Topics in Wireless Networks 241 10.1 DRL for Emerging Problems in Future Wireless Networks 241 10.1.1 Joint Radar and Data Communications 241 10.1.2 Ambient Backscatter Communications 244 10.1.3 Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Communications 247 10.1.4 Rate Splitting Communications 249 10.2 Advanced DRL Models 252 10.2.1 Deep Reinforcement Transfer Learning 252 10.2.1.1 Reward Shaping 253 10.2.1.2 Intertask Mapping 254 10.2.1.3 Learning from Demonstrations 255 10.2.1.4 Policy Transfer 255 10.2.1.5 Reusing Representations 256 10.2.2 Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) for DRL 257 10.2.3 Meta Reinforcement Learning 258 10.3 Chapter Summary 259 References 259 Index 263

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Book SynopsisSECURITY AND PRIVACY VISION IN 6G Prepare for the future of mobile communication with this comprehensive study 6G is the next frontier in mobile communication, with development of 6G standards slated to begin as early as 2026. As telecommunications networks become faster and more intelligent, security and privacy concerns are critical. In an increasingly connected world, there is an urgent need for user data to be safeguarded and system security enhanced against a new generation of threats. Security and Privacy Vision in 6G provides a comprehensive survey of these threats and the emerging techniques for safeguarding against them. It includes mechanisms for prediction, detection, mitigation, and prevention, such that threats to privacy and security can be forestalled at any stage. Fully engaged with proposed 6G architectures, it is an essential resource for mobile communications professionals looking for a head start on the technology of the future. STable of ContentsAcronyms xvii About the Authors xix Foreword xx Preface xxii Acknowledgments xxv Part I Introduction 1 1 Evolution of Mobile Networks 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 6G Mobile Communication Networks 4 1.2.1 6G as Envisioned Today 6 1.3 Key Driving Trends Toward 6G 6 1.4 6G Requirements/Vision 8 1.4.1 6G Development Timeline 10 References 12 2 Key 6G Technologies 15 2.1 Radio Network Technologies 15 2.1.1 Beyond Sub 6 GHz Toward THz Communication 15 2.1.2 Nonterrestrial Networks Toward 3D Networking 17 2.2 AI/ML/FL 19 2.3 DLT/Blockchain 22 2.4 Edge Computing 24 2.5 Quantum Communication 27 2.6 Other New Technologies 29 2.6.1 Visible Light Communications 29 2.6.2 Large Intelligent Surfaces 30 2.6.3 Compressive Sensing 30 2.6.4 Zero-Touch Network and Service Management 31 2.6.5 Efficient Energy Transfer and Harvesting 32 References 33 3 6G Security Vision 43 3.1 Overview of 6G Security Vision 43 3.1.1 New 6G Requirements 43 3.2 6G Security Vision and KPIs 45 3.2.1 Security Threat Landscape for 6G Architecture 47 References 48 Part II Security in 6G Architecture 51 4 6G Device Security 53 4.1 Overview of 6G Devices 53 4.2 6G Device Security Challenges 55 4.2.1 Growth of Data Collection 55 4.2.2 Cloud Connectivity 56 4.2.3 Device Capacity 56 4.2.4 Ultrasaturated Devices 56 4.3 Addressing Device Security in 6G 57 References 58 5 Open RAN and RAN-Core Convergence 59 5.1 Introduction 59 5.2 Open RAN Architecture 62 5.3 Threat Vectors and Security Risks Associated with Open RAN 65 5.3.1 Threat Taxonomy 65 5.3.2 Risks Related to the Process 65 5.3.2.1 Prerequisites 65 5.3.2.2 General Regulations 67 5.3.2.3 Privacy 67 5.3.2.4 People 68 5.3.3 Risks Related to the Technology 68 5.3.3.1 Open Source Software 68 5.3.3.2 Radio/Open Interface 70 5.3.3.3 Intelligence 71 5.3.3.4 Virtualization 73 5.3.4 Global Risks 76 5.4 Security Benefits of Open RAN 77 5.4.1 Open RAN specific 77 5.4.1.1 Full Visibility 77 5.4.1.2 Selection of Best Modules 78 5.4.1.3 Diversity 78 5.4.1.4 Modularity 78 5.4.1.5 Enforcement of Security Controls 79 5.4.1.6 Open Interfaces 79 5.4.1.7 Open Source Software 79 5.4.1.8 Automation 79 5.4.1.9 Open Standards 80 5.4.2 V-RAN Specific 80 5.4.2.1 Isolation 80 5.4.2.2 Increased Scalability for Security Management 80 5.4.2.3 Control Trust 80 5.4.2.4 Less Dependency Between hardware [HW] and SW 80 5.4.2.5 Private Network 81 5.4.2.6 More Secure Storage of Key Material 81 5.4.3 5G Networks Related 81 5.4.3.1 Edge Oriented 81 5.4.3.2 Simpler Security Model 81 5.5 Conclusion 82 References 82 6 Edge Intelligence 89 6.1 Overview of Edge Intelligence 89 6.2 State-of-the-Art Related to 5G 92 6.2.1 Denial of Service (DOS) 92 6.2.2 Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attack 92 6.2.3 Privacy Leakage 93 6.3 State-of-the-Art Related to 6G 94 6.3.1 Training Dataset Manipulation 94 6.3.2 Interception of Private Information 95 6.3.3 Attacks on Learning Agents 95 6.4 Edge Computing Security in Autonomous Driving 95 6.5 Future and Challenges 96 References 97 7 Specialized 6G Networks and Network Slicing 103 7.1 Overview of 6G Specialized Networks 103 7.2 Network Slicing in 6G 104 7.2.1 Trust in Network Slicing 105 7.2.2 Privacy Aspects in Network Slicing 106 7.2.3 Solutions for Privacy and Trust in NS 107 References 107 8 Industry 5.0 109 8.1 Introduction 109 8.2 Motivations Behind the Evolution of Industry 5.0 111 8.3 Key Features of Industry 5.0 112 8.3.1 Smart Additive Manufacturing 112 8.3.2 Predictive Maintenance 113 8.3.3 Hyper Customization 113 8.3.4 Cyber-Physical Cognitive Systems 114 8.4 Security of Industry 5.0 115 8.4.1 Security Issues of Industry 5.0 116 8.5 Privacy of Industry 5.0 118 References 120 Part III Security in 6G Use Cases 125 9 Metaverse Security in 6G 127 9.1 Overview of Metaverse 127 9.2 What Is Metaverse? 128 9.2.1 Metaverse Architecture 129 9.2.2 Key Characteristics of Metaverse 130 9.2.3 Role of 6G in Metaverse 131 9.3 Security Threats in Metaverse 132 9.4 Countermeasures for Metaverse Security Threats 133 9.5 New Trends in Metaverse Security 134 10 Society 5.0 and Security 135 10.1 Industry and Society Evolution 135 10.1.1 Industry 4.0 136 10.1.2 Society 5.0 140 10.2 Technical Enablers and Challenges 144 10.2.1 Dependable Wireless Connectivity 144 10.2.1.1 New Spectrum and Extreme Massive MIMO 144 10.2.1.2 In-X Subnetworks 146 10.2.1.3 Semantic Communication 146 10.2.2 Integrated Communication, Control, Computation, and Sensing 147 10.2.2.1 CoCoCo 147 10.2.2.2 JCAS 148 10.2.3 Intelligence Everywhere 149 10.2.4 Energy Harvesting and Transfer 149 10.2.4.1 Energy Harvesting 149 10.2.4.2 Wireless Power Transfer 150 10.3 Security in Society 5.0 151 References 152 11 6G-Enabled Internet of Vehicles 157 11.1 Overview of V2X Communication and IoV 157 11.2 IoV Use Cases 159 11.3 Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAV) 160 11.4 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Future IoV 161 11.5 Security Landscape for IoV 161 11.5.1 Security Threats 162 11.5.2 Security Requirements 163 References 164 12 Smart Grid 2.0 Security 167 12.1 Introduction 167 12.2 Evolution of SG 2.0 168 12.3 Smart Grid 2.0 169 12.3.1 Comparison of Smart Grids 1.0 and 2.0 170 12.4 Role of 6G in SG 2.0 171 12.5 Security Challenges of SG 2.0 172 12.5.1 Physical Attacks 172 12.5.2 Software Attacks 174 12.5.3 Network Attacks 174 12.5.4 Attacks to the Controller 175 12.5.5 Encryption-Related Attacks 176 12.5.6 AI- and ML-Related Attacks 176 12.5.7 Stability and Reliability of Power Supply 177 12.5.8 Secure and Transparent Energy Trading Among Prosumers and Consumers 178 12.5.9 Efficient and Reliable Communication Topology for Information and Control Signal Exchange 179 12.6 Privacy Issues of SG2. 0 179 12.7 Trust Management 180 12.8 Security and Privacy Standardization on SG 2.0 181 References 182 Part IV Privacy in 6G Vision 185 13 6G Privacy 187 13.1 Introduction 187 13.2 Privacy Taxonomy 188 13.3 Privacy in Actions on Data 189 13.3.1 Information Collection 189 13.3.2 Information Processing 190 13.3.3 Information Dissemination 191 13.3.4 Invasion 191 13.4 Privacy Types for 6G 191 13.4.1 Data 191 13.4.2 Actions and Personal Behavior 192 13.4.3 Image and Video 192 13.4.4 Communication 193 13.4.5 Location 193 13.5 6G Privacy Goals 194 13.5.1 Ensure of Privacy-Protected Big Data 194 13.5.2 Privacy Guarantees for Edge Networks 194 13.5.3 Achieving Balance Between Privacy and Performance of Services 195 13.5.4 Standardization of Privacy in Technologies, and Applications 195 13.5.5 Balance the Interests in Privacy Protection in Global Context 196 13.5.6 Achieving Proper Utilization of Interoperability and Data Portability 196 13.5.7 Quantifying Privacy and Privacy Violations 197 13.5.7.1 Achieving Privacy Protected AI-Driven Automated Network Management Operations 198 13.5.8 Getting Explanations of AI Actions for Privacy Requirements 198 References 198 14 6G Privacy Challenges and Possible Solution 201 14.1 Introduction 201 14.2 6G Privacy Challenges and Issues 202 14.2.1 Advanced 6G Applications with New Privacy Requirements 204 14.2.2 Privacy Preservation Limitations for B5G/6G Control and Orchestration Layer 204 14.2.3 Privacy Attacks on AI Models 205 14.2.4 Privacy Requirements in Cloud Computing and Storage Environments 206 14.2.5 Privacy Issues in Edge Computing and Edge AI 206 14.2.6 Cost on Privacy Enhancements 207 14.2.7 Limited Availability of Explainable AI (XAI) Techniques 208 14.2.8 Ambiguity in Responsibility of Data Ownership 209 14.2.9 Data Communication Confidentiality Issues 209 14.2.10 Private Data Access Limitations 210 14.2.11 Privacy Differences Based on Location 210 14.2.12 Lack of Understanding of Privacy Rights and Threats in General Public 210 14.2.13 Difficulty in Defining Levels and Indicators for Privacy 211 14.2.13.1 Proper Evaluation of Potential Privacy Leakages from Non-personal Data 211 14.3 Privacy Solutions for 6G 212 14.3.1 Privacy-Preserving Decentralized AI 212 14.3.2 Edge AI 212 14.3.3 Intelligent Management with Privacy 213 14.3.4 XAI for Privacy 213 14.3.5 Privacy Measures for Personally Identifiable Information 214 14.3.6 Blockchain-Based Solutions 215 14.3.7 Lightweight and Quantum Resistant Encryption Mechanisms 215 14.3.8 Homomorphic Encryption 216 14.3.9 Privacy-Preserving Data Publishing Techniques 217 14.3.9.1 Syntactic Anonymization 218 14.3.9.2 Differential Privacy 218 14.3.10 Privacy by Design and Privacy by Default 219 14.3.11 Regulation of Government, Industry, and Consumer 220 14.3.12 Other Solutions 221 14.3.12.1 Location Privacy Considerations 221 14.3.12.2 Personalized Privacy 222 14.3.12.3 Fog Computing Privacy 222 References 222 15 Legal Aspects and Security Standardization 227 15.1 Legal 227 15.2 Security Standardization 229 15.2.1 ETSI 229 15.2.2 ITU-T 230 15.2.3 3GPP 230 15.2.4 NIST 231 15.2.5 IETF 231 15.2.6 5G PPP 231 15.2.7 NGMN 231 15.2.8 IEEE 232 References 232 Part V Security in 6G Technologies 235 16 Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) and Blockchain 237 16.1 Introduction 237 16.2 What Is Blockchain 238 16.2.1 Types of Blockchain 239 16.3 What Is Smart Contracts 240 16.4 Salient Features of Blockchain 240 16.5 Key Security Challenges Which Blockchain Can Solve 242 16.5.1 Role of Blockchain 242 16.6 Key Privacy Challenges Which Blockchain Can Solve 244 16.6.1 Key Challenges 244 16.6.2 Role of Blockchain 245 16.7 Threat Landscape of Blockchain 246 16.8 Possible Solutions to Secure 6G Blockchains 248 References 249 17 AI/ML for 6G Security 257 17.1 Overview of 6G Intelligence 257 17.2 AI for 6G Security 259 17.3 Use of AI to Identify/Mitigate Pre-6G Security Issues 259 17.4 AI to Mitigate Security Issues of 6G Architecture 261 17.5 AI to Mitigate Security Issues of 6G Technologies 262 17.6 Security Issues in AI 263 17.7 Using AI to Attack 6G 263 References 264 18 Role of Explainable AI in 6G Security 267 18.1 What Is Explainable AI (XAI) 267 18.1.1 Terminologies of XAI 268 18.1.2 Taxonomy of XAI 269 18.1.3 XAI Methods 270 18.2 Use of XAI for 6G 273 18.3 XAI for 6G Security 275 18.3.1 XAI for 6G Devices and IoT Security 277 18.3.2 XAI for 6G RAN 277 18.3.3 XAI for 6G Edge 278 18.3.4 XAI for 6G Core and Backhaul 278 18.3.5 XAI for 6G Network Automation 279 18.4 New Security Issues of XAI 280 18.4.1 Increased Vulnerability to Adversarial ML Attacks 280 18.4.2 Difficulty to Design Secure ML Applications 281 18.4.3 New Attack Vector and Target 283 References 284 19 Zero Touch Network and Service Management (ZSM) Security 291 19.1 Introduction 291 19.1.1 Need of Zero-Touch Network and Service Management 292 19.1.2 Importance of ZSM for 5G and Beyond 292 19.2 ZSM Reference Architecture 293 19.2.1 Components 294 19.2.1.1 Management Services 294 19.2.1.2 Management Functions 295 19.2.1.3 Management Domains 295 19.2.1.4 The E2E Service Management Domain 295 19.2.1.5 Integration Fabric 295 19.2.1.6 Data Services 296 19.3 Security Aspects 296 19.3.1 ML/AI-Based Attacks 296 19.3.1.1 White-Box Attack 297 19.3.1.2 Black-Box Attack 297 19.3.2 Open API Security Threats 297 19.3.2.1 Parameter Attacks 298 19.3.3 Intent-Based Security Threats 298 19.3.3.1 Data Exposure 298 19.3.3.2 Tampering 299 19.3.4 Automated Closed-Loop Network-Based Security Threats 299 19.3.4.1 MITM Attack 299 19.3.4.2 Deception Attacks 299 19.3.5 Threats Due to Programmable Network Technologies 299 19.3.6 Possible Threats on ZSM Framework Architecture 300 References 300 20 Physical Layer Security 305 20.1 Introduction 305 20.2 Physical Layer Security Background 306 20.2.1 PLS Fundamentals 306 20.2.2 PLS Approaches 307 20.2.2.1 Confidentiality (Edgar) 307 20.2.2.2 Physical Layer Authentication 308 20.2.2.3 Secret Key Generation 309 20.3 The Prospect of PLS in 6G 310 20.3.1 Application Scenarios of PLS in 6G 311 20.3.2 6G Technologies and PLS 312 20.3.2.1 IRS 312 20.3.2.2 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 313 20.3.3 Cell-Free mMIMO 315 20.3.4 Visible Light Communication (VLC) 316 20.3.5 Terahertz Communication 317 20.3.6 Joint Communications and Sensing 318 References 319 21 Quantum Security and Postquantum Cryptography 327 21.1 Overview of 6G and Quantum Computing 327 21.2 Quantum Computing 328 21.3 Quantum Security 329 21.3.1 Quantum Key Distribution 330 21.3.2 Information-Theoretic Security 331 21.4 Postquantum Cryptography 332 21.4.1 Background 332 21.4.2 PQC Methods 333 21.4.3 PQC Standardization 335 21.4.4 Challenges with PQC 335 21.4.5 Future Directions of PQC 336 21.4.6 6G and PQC 337 References 337 Part VI Concluding Remarks 341 22 Concluding Remarks 343 Index 345

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Book SynopsisImmerse yourself in the offensive security mindset to better defend against attacks In The Active Defender: Immersion in the Offensive Security Mindset, Principal Technology Architect, Security, Dr. Catherine J. Ullman delivers an expert treatment of the Active Defender approach to information security. In the book, you'll learn to understand and embrace the knowledge you can gain from the offensive security community. You'll become familiar with the hacker mindset, which allows you to gain emergent insight into how attackers operate and better grasp the nature of the risks and threats in your environment. The author immerses you in the hacker mindset and the offensive security culture to better prepare you to defend against threats of all kinds. You'll also find: Explanations of what an Active Defender is and how that differs from traditional defense modelsReasons why thinking like a hacker makes you a better defenderWays to begin your journey as an Active Defender and leverage the hacker mindset An insightful and original book representing a new and effective approach to cybersecurity, The Active Defender will be of significant benefit to information security professionals, system administrators, network administrators, and other tech professionals with an interest or stake in their organization's information security.Table of ContentsForeword xxv Preface xxix Introduction xxxiii Chapter 1 What Is an Active Defender? 1 The Hacker Mindset 1 Traditional Defender Mindset 3 Getting from Here to There 4 Active Defender Activities 7 Threat Modeling 7 Threat Hunting 8 Attack Simulations 9 Active Defense 9 “Active Defense” for the Active Defender 10 Another Take on Active Defense 10 Annoyance 11 Attribution 11 Attack 11 Active Defense According to Security Vendors 11 Active > Passive 12 Active Defense by the Numbers 13 Active Defense and Staffing 13 Active Defender > Passive Defender 13 Relevant Intel Recognition 13 Understanding Existing Threats 14 Attacker Behavior 14 Pyramid of Pain 15 MITRE Att&ck 15 TTP Pyramid 15 Toward a Deeper Understanding 16 Return to the Beginning 16 Summary 18 Notes 18 Chapter 2 Immersion into the Hacker Mindset 21 Reluctance 21 Media Portrayal 21 Fear of Government Retribution 22 The Rock Star Myth 22 Imposter Syndrome 23 A Leap of Faith 23 My First Security BSides 24 My First DEF CON 24 Finding the Community 27 Security BSides 27 Structured Format 27 Unconference Format 28 Hybrid Format 28 Additional Events 28 Other Security Conferences 29 CircleCityCon 29 GrrCON 29 Thotcon 29 ShmooCon 30 Wild West Hackin’ Fest 30 DEF Con 30 Local Security Meetups 30 Infosec 716 31 Burbsec 31 #misec 31 Makerspaces 31 DEF CON Groups 32 2600 Meetings 32 Online Security Communities 33 Traditional Security Communities 34 An Invitation 34 Summary 36 Notes 36 Chapter 3 Offensive Security Engagements, Trainings, and Gathering Intel 37 Offensive Security Engagements 37 Targeting 38 Initial Access 38 Persistence 39 Expansion 39 Exfiltration 40 Detection 40 Offensive Security Trainings 40 Conference Trainings 41 Security BSides 41 DEF Con 42 GrrCON 42 Thotcon 43 CircleCityCon 43 Wild West Hackin’ Fest 43 Black Hat 44 Security Companies 44 Offensive Security 44 TrustedSec 44 Antisyphon 45 SANS 45 Online Options 46 Hackthebox 46 Tryhackme 46 Hackthissite 47 CTFs 47 YouTube 47 Higher Education 48 Gathering Intel 48 Tradecraft Intel 49 Project Zero 49 AttackerKB 49 Discord/Slack 50 Twitter 50 Organizational Intel 51 LinkedIn 51 Pastebin 52 GitHub 52 Message Boards 52 Internal Wikis 53 Haveibeenpwned 53 Summary 54 Notes 54 Chapter 4 Understanding the Offensive Toolset 55 Nmap/Zenmap 57 Burp Suite/ZAP 59 sqlmap 60 Wireshark 61 Metasploit Framework 63 Shodan 64 Social-Engineer Toolkit 66 Mimikatz 67 Responder 70 Cobalt Strike 71 Impacket 73 Mitm6 75 CrackMapExec 76 evil-winrm 77 BloodHound/SharpHound 78 Summary 79 Notes 80 Chapter 5 Implementing Defense While Thinking Like a Hacker 81 OSINT for Organizations 81 OPSEC 82 OSINT 82 Social Engineering 82 Actively Defending 84 ASM 84 ATO Prevention 84 Benefits 86 Types of Risks Mitigated 86 Threat Modeling Revisited 87 Framing the Engagement 87 Scoping in Frame 87 Motivation in Frame 88 The Right Way In 88 Reverse Engineering 88 Targeting 89 Inbound Access 89 Persistence 89 Egress Controls 90 LOLBins 90 Rundll32.exe 91 Regsvr32.exe 91 MSbuild.exe 92 Cscript.exe 92 Csc.exe 92 Legitimate Usage? 92 Threat Hunting 93 Begin with a Question 93 The Hunt 94 Applying the Concepts 94 Dumping Memory 95 Lateral Movement 95 Secondary C2 96 Proof of Concept 97 Attack Simulations 97 Simulation vs. Emulation 97 Why Test? 98 Risky Assumptions 99 Practice Is Key 100 Tools for Testing 100 Microsoft Defender for O365 101 Atomic Red Team 102 Caldera 103 Scythe 103 Summary 104 Notes 104 Chapter 6 Becoming an Advanced Active Defender 107 The Advanced Active Defender 107 Automated Attack Emulations 108 Using Deceptive Technologies 108 Honey Tokens 109 Decoy Accounts 109 Email Addresses 110 Database Data 110 AWS Keys 111 Canary Tokens 111 Honeypots 111 Other Forms of Deception 112 Web Server Header 112 User Agent Strings 113 Fake DNS Records 113 Working with Offensive Security Teams 114 But We Need a PenTest! 114 Potential Testing Outcomes 115 Vulnerability Identification 116 Vulnerability Exploitation 116 Targeted Detection/Response 116 Real Threat Actor 117 Detection Analysis 117 Scope 117 Scoping Challenges 118 Additional Scope Considerations 118 Decisions, Decisions 119 Measuring Existing Defenses 119 Crown Jewels 119 Selecting a Vendor 120 Reputation 120 Experience and Expertise 121 Processes 121 Data Security 122 Adversarial Attitudes 122 Results 123 Additional Considerations 123 Purple Teaming – Collaborative Testing 124 What Is a Purple Team? 124 Purple Team Exercises 125 Cyber Threat Intelligence 125 Preparation 126 Exercise Execution 126 Lessons Learned 127 Purple Teams and Advanced Active Defenders 127 Summary 127 Notes 128 Chapter 7 Building Effective Detections 129 Purpose of Detection 129 Funnel of Fidelity 130 Collection 130 Detection 130 Triage 131 Investigation 131 Remediation 131 Building Detections: Identification and Classification 131 Overall Detection Challenges 132 Attention Problem 132 Perception Problem 133 Abstraction Problem 134 Validation Problem 135 The Pyramids Return 135 Lower Levels 136 Tools 137 Wrong Viewpoint 137 Bypass Options 138 Higher Levels 139 Testing 140 Literal Level 140 Functional Level 140 Operational Level 141 Technical Level 142 Proper Validation: Both Telemetry and Detection 143 Telemetry Coverage 143 Detection Coverage 144 Testing Solutions 144 Atomic Red Team 144 AtomicTestHarness 145 Summary 146 Notes 147 Chapter 8 Actively Defending Cloud Computing Environments 149 Cloud Service Models 150 IaaS 150 PaaS 150 SaaS 150 Cloud Deployment Environments 151 Private Cloud 151 Public Cloud 151 Fundamental Differences 151 On-Demand Infrastructure 152 Shared Responsibility Model 152 Control Plane and Data Plane 153 Infrastructure as an API 154 Data Center Mapping 154 IAM Focus 155 Cloud Security Implications 157 Larger Attack Surface 158 New Types of Exposed Services 158 Application Security Emphasis 159 Challenges with API Use 160 Custom Applications 161 Cloud Offensive Security 161 Enumeration of Cloud Environments 162 Code Repositories 162 Publicly Accessible Resources 163 Initial Access 164 Phishing/Password Spraying 164 Stealing Access Tokens 164 Resource Exploitation 165 Post-Compromise Recon 165 Post-Exploitation Enumeration 166 Roles, Policies, and Permissions 166 Dangerous Implied Trusts 166 Overly Permissive Configurations 170 Multi-Level Access 170 Persistence/Expansion 171 Lateral Movement 172 Privilege Escalation 173 Defense Strategies 175 Summary 175 Notes 176 Chapter 9 Future Challenges 179 Software Supply Chain Attacks 179 A Growing Problem 180 Actively Defending 180 Counterfeit Hardware 181 Fake CISCO Hardware 181 Actively Defending 182 UEFI 182 Increasing Vulnerabilities 182 Enter BlackLotus 183 MSI Key Leak 184 Actively Defending 185 BYOVD Attacks 185 Lazarus Group 186 Cuba Ransomware Group 186 Actively Defending 186 Ransomware 186 Continuing Evolution 187 Actively Defending 187 Tabletop Exercises 188 Ransomware Playbooks 189 Frameworks 191 Cobalt Strike 192 Silver 192 Metasploit 192 Brute Ratel 193 Havoc 193 Mythic 193 Actively Defending 194 Living Off the Land 194 Actively Defending 195 API Security 195 Defining APIs 195 API Impact 196 Security Significance 196 Actively Defending 196 Everything Old Is New Again 197 OWASP Top 10 197 Old Malware Never (Really) Dies 198 Emotet 198 REvil 199 Actively Defending 199 Summary 200 Notes 201 Index 203

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Book SynopsisNetwork Science Network Science offers comprehensive insight on network analysis and network optimization algorithms, with simple step-by-step guides and examples throughout, and a thorough introduction and history of network science, explaining the key concepts and the type of data needed for network analysis, ensuring a smooth learning experience for readers. It also includes a detailed introduction to multiple network optimization algorithms, including linear assignment, network flow and routing problems. The text is comprised of five chapters, focusing on subgraphs, network analysis, network optimization, and includes a list of case studies, those of which include influence factors in telecommunications, fraud detection in taxpayers, identifying the viral effect in purchasing, finding optimal routes considering public transportation systems, among many others. This insightful book shows how to apply algorithms to solve complex problems in real-life scenarios andTable of ContentsPreface x Acknowledgments xiii About the Author xiv About the Book xv 1 Concepts in Network Science 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The Connector 2 1.3 History 3 1.3.1 A History in Social Studies 4 1.4 Concepts 5 1.4.1 Characteristics of Networks 7 1.4.2 Properties of Networks 7 1.4.3 Small World 8 1.4.4 Random Graphs 11 1.5 Network Analytics 12 1.5.1 Data Structure for Network Analysis and Network Optimization 13 1.5.1.1 Multilink and Self-Link 14 1.5.1.2 Loading and Unloading the Graph 15 1.5.2 Options for Network Analysis and Network Optimization Procedures 15 1.5.3 Summary Statistics 16 1.5.3.1 Analyzing the Summary Statistics for the Les Misérables Network 17 1.6 Summary 21 2 Subnetwork Analysis 23 2.1 Introduction 23 2.1.1 Isomorphism 25 2.2 Connected Components 26 2.2.1 Finding the Connected Components 27 2.3 Biconnected Components 35 2.3.1 Finding the Biconnected Components 36 2.4 Community 38 2.4.1 Finding Communities 45 2.5 Core 58 2.5.1 Finding k-Cores 59 2.6 Reach Network 62 2.6.1 Finding the Reach Network 65 2.7 Network Projection 70 2.7.1 Finding the Network Projection 72 2.8 Node Similarity 77 2.8.1 Computing Node Similarity 82 2.9 Pattern Matching 88 2.9.1 Searching for Subgraphs Matches 91 2.10 Summary 98 3 Network Centralities 101 3.1 Introduction 101 3.2 Network Metrics of Power and Influence 102 3.3 Degree Centrality 103 3.3.1 Computing Degree Centrality 103 3.3.2 Visualizing a Network 110 3.4 Influence Centrality 114 3.4.1 Computing the Influence Centrality 115 3.5 Clustering Coefficient 121 3.5.1 Computing the Clustering Coefficient Centrality 121 3.6 Closeness Centrality 124 3.6.1 Computing the Closeness Centrality 124 3.7 Betweenness Centrality 129 3.7.1 Computing the Between Centrality 130 3.8 Eigenvector Centrality 136 3.8.1 Computing the Eigenvector Centrality 137 3.9 PageRank Centrality 144 3.9.1 Computing the PageRank Centrality 144 3.10 Hub and Authority 151 3.10.1 Computing the Hub and Authority Centralities 152 3.11 Network Centralities Calculation by Group 157 3.11.1 By Group Network Centralities 158 3.12 Summary 164 4 Network Optimization 167 4.1 Introduction 167 4.1.1 History 167 4.1.2 Network Optimization in SAS Viya 170 4.2 Clique 170 4.2.1 Finding Cliques 172 4.3 Cycle 176 4.3.1 Finding Cycles 177 4.4 Linear Assignment 179 4.4.1 Finding the Minimum Weight Matching in a Worker-Task Problem 181 4.5 Minimum-Cost Network Flow 185 4.5.1 Finding the Minimum-Cost Network Flow in a Demand–Supply Problem 188 4.6 Maximum Network Flow Problem 194 4.6.1 Finding the Maximum Network Flow in a Distribution Problem 195 4.7 Minimum Cut 199 4.7.1 Finding the Minimum Cuts 201 4.8 Minimum Spanning Tree 205 4.8.1 Finding the Minimum Spanning Tree 206 4.9 Path 208 4.9.1 Finding Paths 211 4.10 Shortest Path 220 4.10.1 Finding Shortest Paths 223 4.11 Transitive Closure 235 4.11.1 Finding the Transitive Closure 236 4.12 Traveling Salesman Problem 239 4.12.1 Finding the Optimal Tour 243 4.13 Vehicle Routing Problem 249 4.13.1 Finding the Optimal Vehicle Routes for a Delivery Problem 253 4.14 Topological Sort 265 4.14.1 Finding the Topological Sort in a Directed Graph 266 4.15 Summary 268 5 Real-World Applications in Network Science 271 5.1 Introduction 271 5.2 An Optimal Tour Considering a Multimodal Transportation System – The Traveling Salesman Problem Example in Paris 272 5.3 An Optimal Beer Kegs Distribution – The Vehicle Routing Problem Example in Asheville 285 5.4 Network Analysis and Supervised Machine Learning Models to Predict COVID-19 Outbreaks 298 5.5 Urban Mobility in Metropolitan Cities 306 5.6 Fraud Detection in Auto Insurance Based on Network Analysis 312 5.7 Customer Influence to Reduce Churn and Increase Product Adoption 320 5.8 Community Detection to Identify Fraud Events in Telecommunications 324 5.9 Summary 328 Index 329

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Book SynopsisSYSTEMS ENGINEERING NEURAL NETWORKS A complete and authoritative discussion of systems engineering and neural networks In Systems Engineering Neural Networks, a team of distinguished researchers deliver a thorough exploration of the fundamental concepts underpinning the creation and improvement of neural networks with a systems engineering mindset. In the book, you'll find a general theoretical discussion of both systems engineering and neural networks accompanied by coverage of relevant and specific topics, from deep learning fundamentals to sport business applications. Readers will discover in-depth examples derived from many years of engineering experience, a comprehensive glossary with links to further reading, and supplementary online content. The authors have also included a variety of applications programmed in both Python 3 and Microsoft Excel. The book provides: A thorough introduction to neural networks, introduced as key element of complex systems Practical discussions of sTable of ContentsABOUT THE AUTHORS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7 HOW TO READ THIS BOOK 8 Part I 9 1 A BRIEF INTRODUCTION 9 THE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING APPROACH TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) 14 SOURCES 18 CHAPTER SUMMARY 18 QUESTIONS 19 2 DEFINING A NEURAL NETWORK 20 BIOLOGICAL NETWORKS 22 FROM BIOLOGY TO MATHEMATICS 24 WE CAME A FULL CIRCLE 25 THE MODEL OF McCULLOCH-PITTS 25 THE ARTIFICIAL NEURON OF ROSENBLATT 26 FINAL REMARKS 33 SOURCES 35 CHAPTER SUMMARY 36 QUESTIONS 37 3 ENGINEERING NEURAL NETWORKS 38 A BRIEF RECAP ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 40 THE KEYSTONE: SE4AI AND AI4SE 41 ENGINEERING COMPLEXITY 41 THE SPORT SYSTEM 45 ENGINEERING A SPORT CLUB 51 OPTIMISATION 52 AN EXAMPLE OF DECISION MAKING 56 FUTURISM AND FORESIGHT 60 QUALITATIVE TO QUANTITATIVE 61 FUZZY THINKING 64 IT IS ALL IN THE TOOLS 74 SOURCES 77 CHAPTER SUMMARY 77 QUESTIONS 78 Part II 79 4 SYSTEMS THINKING FOR SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT 79 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES 82 ONE MORE THING: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 94 CHAPTER SUMMARY 101 QUESTIONS 102 SOURCES 102 5 PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT 103 EXAMPLE 1: COSINE FUNCTION 105 EXAMPLE 2: CORROSION ON A METAL STRUCTURE 112 EXAMPLE 3: DEFINING ROLES OF ATHLETES 127 EXAMPLE 4: ATHLETE’S PERFORMANCE 134 EXAMPLE 5: TEAM PERFORMANCE 142 A human-defined-system 142 Human Factors 143 The sport team as system of interest 144 Impact of Human Error on Sports Team Performance 145 EXAMPLE 6: TREND PREDICTION 156 EXAMPLE 7: SYMPLEX AND GAME THEORY 163 EXAMPLE 8: SORTING MACHINE FOR LEGO® BRICKS 168 Part III 174 6 INPUT/OUTPUT, HIDDEN LAYER AND BIAS 174 INPUT/OUTPUT 175 HIDDEN LAYER 180 BIAS 184 FINAL REMARKS 186 CHAPTER SUMMARY 187 QUESTIONS 188 7 ACTIVATION FUNCTION 189 TYPES OF ACTIVATION FUNCTIONS 191 ACTIVATION FUNCTION DERIVATIVES 194 ACTIVATION FUNCTIONS RESPONSE TO W AND b VARIABLES 200 FINAL REMARKS 202 CHAPTER SUMMARY 204 QUESTIONS 205 SOURCES 205 8 COST FUNCTION, BACK-PROPAGATION AND OTHER ITERATIVE METHODS 206 WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LOSS AND COST? 209 TRAINING THE NEURAL NETWORK 212 BACK-PROPAGATION (BP) 214 ONE MORE THING: GRADIENT METHOD AND CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHOD 218 ONE MORE THING: NEWTON’S METHOD 221 CHAPTER SUMMARY 223 QUESTIONS 224 SOURCES 224 9 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 225 GLOSSARY AND INSIGHTS 233

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Book SynopsisA clear and focused guide to creating useful user experience documentation As web sites and applications become richer and more complex, the user experience (UX) becomes critical to their success.Table of ContentsAbout the Authors v Credits vi Authors' Acknowledgments viii Contents ix Introduction 1 A summary of the documents 2 Putting the documents into context 7 Enjoy yourselves! 8 CHAPTER 1: Personas 9 CHAPTER 2: Task Models 43 CHAPTER 3: User Journeys 77 CHAPTER 4: Content requirements 103 CHAPTER 5: Sitemaps 123 CHAPTER 6: Wireframes 159 CHAPTER 7: Usability Test Reports 263 CHAPTER 8: Funnel Diagrams 291 Index 323

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Book SynopsisAn all-in-one reference to the major Home Area Networking, Building Automation and AMI protocols, including 802.15.4 over radio or PLC, 6LowPAN/RPL, ZigBee 1.0 and Smart Energy 2.0, Zwave, LON, BACNet, KNX, ModBus, mBus, C.12 and DLMS/COSEM, and the new ETSI M2M system level standard. In-depth coverage of Smart-grid and EV charging use cases. This book describes the Home Area Networking, Building Automation and AMI protocols and their evolution towards open protocols based on IP such as 6LowPAN and ETSI M2M. The authors discuss the approach taken by service providers to interconnect the protocols and solve the challenge of massive scalability of machine-to-machine communication for mission-critical applications, based on the next generation machine-to-machine ETSI M2M architecture. The authors demonstrate, using the example of the smartgrid use case, how the next generation utilities, by interconnecting and activating our physical environment, will be able to deliver more enTrade Review“The technical content is accurate, timely, and up to date with respect to the state of the art in the field. The book is strongly recommended for engineers, academic researchers, and network operators dealing with the Internet of Things. For these readers, the book represents a valuable and authoritative source of information and reference.” (Computing Reviews, 1 March 2013)Table of ContentsList of Acronyms xv Introduction xxiii Part I M2M AREA NETWORK PHYSICAL LAYERS 1 IEEE 802.15.4 3 1.1 The IEEE 802 Committee Family of Protocols 3 1.2 The Physical Layer 3 1.2.1 Interferences with Other Technologies 5 1.2.2 Choice of a 802.15.4 Communication Channel, Energy Detection, Link Quality Information 7 1.2.3 Sending a Data Frame 8 1.3 The Media-Access Control Layer 8 1.3.1 802.15.4 Reduced Function and Full Function Devices, Coordinators, and the PAN Coordinator 9 1.3.2 Association 12 1.3.3 802.15.4 Addresses 13 1.3.4 802.15.4 Frame Format 13 1.3.5 Security 14 1.4 Uses of 802.15.4 16 1.5 The Future of 802.15.4: 802.15.4e and 802.15.4g 17 1.5.1 802.15.4e 17 1.5.2 802.15.4g 21 2 Powerline Communication for M2M Applications 23 2.1 Overview of PLC Technologies 23 2.2 PLC Landscape 23 2.2.1 The Historical Period (1950–2000) 24 2.2.2 After Year 2000: The Maturity of PLC 24 2.3 Powerline Communication: A Constrained Media 27 2.3.1 Powerline is a Difficult Channel 27 2.3.2 Regulation Limitations 27 2.3.3 Power Consumption 32 2.3.4 Lossy Network 33 2.3.5 Powerline is a Shared Media and Coexistence is not an Optional Feature 35 2.4 The Ideal PLC System for M2M 37 2.4.1 Openness and Availability 38 2.4.2 Range 38 2.4.3 Power Consumption 38 2.4.4 Data Rate 39 2.4.5 Robustness 39 2.4.6 EMC Regulatory Compliance 40 2.4.7 Coexistence 40 2.4.8 Security 40 2.4.9 Latency 40 2.4.10 Interoperability with M2M Wireless Services 40 2.5 Conclusion 40 References 41 Part II LEGACY M2M PROTOCOLS FOR SENSOR NETWORKS, BUILDING AUTOMATION AND HOME AUTOMATION 3 The BACnetTM Protocol 45 3.1 Standardization 45 3.1.1 United States 46 3.1.2 Europe 46 3.1.3 Interworking 46 3.2 Technology 46 3.2.1 Physical Layer 47 3.2.2 Link Layer 47 3.2.3 Network Layer 47 3.2.4 Transport and Session Layers 49 3.2.5 Presentation and Application Layers 49 3.3 BACnet Security 55 3.4 BACnet Over Web Services (Annex N, Annex H6) 55 3.4.1 The Generic WS Model 56 3.4.2 BACnet/WS Services 58 3.4.3 The Web Services Profile for BACnet Objects 59 3.4.4 Future Improvements 59 4 The LonWorks R Control Networking Platform 61 4.1 Standardization 61 4.1.1 United States of America 61 4.1.2 Europe 62 4.1.3 China 62 4.2 Technology 62 4.2.1 Physical Layer 63 4.2.2 Link Layer 64 4.2.3 Network Layer 65 4.2.4 Transport Layer 66 4.2.5 Session Layer 67 4.2.6 Presentation Layer 67 4.2.7 Application Layer 71 4.3 Web Services Interface for LonWorks Networks: Echelon SmartServer 72 4.4 A REST Interface for LonWorks 73 4.4.1 LonBridge REST Transactions 74 4.4.2 Requests 74 4.4.3 Responses 75 4.4.4 LonBridge REST Resources 75 5 ModBus 79 5.1 Introduction 79 5.2 ModBus Standardization 80 5.3 ModBus Message Framing and Transmission Modes 80 5.4 ModBus/TCP 81 6 KNX 83 6.1 The Konnex/KNX Association 83 6.2 Standardization 83 6.3 KNX Technology Overview 84 6.3.1 Physical Layer 84 6.3.2 Data Link and Routing Layers, Addressing 87 6.3.3 Transport Layer 89 6.3.4 Application Layer 89 6.3.5 KNX Devices, Functional Blocks and Interworking 89 6.4 Device Configuration 92 7 ZigBee 93 7.1 Development of the Standard 93 7.2 ZigBee Architecture 94 7.2.1 ZigBee and 802.15.4 94 7.2.2 ZigBee Protocol Layers 94 7.2.3 ZigBee Node Types 96 7.3 Association 96 7.3.1 Forming a Network 96 7.3.2 Joining a Parent Node in a Network Using 802.15.4 Association 97 7.3.3 Using NWK Rejoin 99 7.4 The ZigBee Network Layer 99 7.4.1 Short-Address Allocation 99 7.4.2 Network Layer Frame Format 100 7.4.3 Packet Forwarding 101 7.4.4 Routing Support Primitives 101 7.4.5 Routing Algorithms 102 7.5 The ZigBee APS Layer 105 7.5.1 Endpoints, Descriptors 106 7.5.2 The APS Frame 106 7.6 The ZigBee Device Object (ZDO) and the ZigBee Device Profile (ZDP) 109 7.6.1 ZDP Device and Service Discovery Services (Mandatory) 109 7.6.2 ZDP Network Management Services (Mandatory) 110 7.6.3 ZDP Binding Management Services (Optional) 111 7.6.4 Group Management 111 7.7 ZigBee Security 111 7.7.1 ZigBee and 802.15.4 Security 111 7.7.2 Key Types 113 7.7.3 The Trust Center 114 7.7.4 The ZDO Permissions Table 116 7.8 The ZigBee Cluster Library (ZCL) 116 7.8.1 Cluster 116 7.8.2 Attributes 117 7.8.3 Commands 117 7.8.4 ZCL Frame 117 7.9 ZigBee Application Profiles 119 7.9.1 The Home Automation (HA) Application Profile 119 7.9.2 ZigBee Smart Energy 1.0 (ZSE or AMI) 122 7.10 The ZigBee Gateway Specification for Network Devices 129 7.10.1 The ZGD 130 7.10.2 GRIP Binding 131 7.10.3 SOAP Binding 132 7.10.4 REST Binding 132 7.10.5 Example IPHA–ZGD Interaction Using the REST Binding 134 8 Z-Wave 139 8.1 History and Management of the Protocol 139 8.2 The Z-Wave Protocol 140 8.2.1 Overview 140 8.2.2 Z-Wave Node Types 140 8.2.3 RF and MAC Layers 142 8.2.4 Transfer Layer 143 8.2.5 Routing Layer 145 8.2.6 Application Layer 148 Part III LEGACY M2M PROTOCOLS FOR UTILITY METERING 9 M-Bus and Wireless M-Bus 155 9.1 Development of the Standard 155 9.2 M-Bus Architecture 156 9.2.1 Physical Layer 156 9.2.2 Link Layer 156 9.2.3 Network Layer 157 9.2.4 Application Layer 158 9.3 Wireless M-Bus 160 9.3.1 Physical Layer 160 9.3.2 Data-Link Layer 162 9.3.3 Application Layer 162 9.3.4 Security 163 10 The ANSI C12 Suite 165 10.1 Introduction 165 10.2 C12.19: The C12 Data Model 166 10.2.1 The Read and Write Minimum Services 167 10.2.2 Some Remarkable C12.19 Tables 167 10.3 C12.18: Basic Point-to-Point Communication Over an Optical Port 168 10.4 C12.21: An Extension of C12.18 for Modem Communication 169 10.4.1 Interactions with the Data-Link Layer 170 10.4.2 Modifications and Additions to C12.19 Tables 171 10.5 C12.22: C12.19 Tables Transport Over Any Networking Communication System 171 10.5.1 Reference Topology and Network Elements 171 10.5.2 C12.22 Node to C12.22 Network Communications 173 10.5.3 C12.22 Device to C12.22 Communication Module Interface 174 10.5.4 C12.19 Updates 176 10.6 Other Parts of ANSI C12 Protocol Suite 176 10.7 RFC 6142: C12.22 Transport Over an IP Network 176 10.8 REST-Based Interfaces to C12.19 177 11 DLMS/COSEM 179 11.1 DLMS Standardization 179 11.1.1 The DLMS UA 179 11.1.2 DLMS/COSEM, the Colored Books 179 11.1.3 DLMS Standardization in IEC 180 11.2 The COSEM Data Model 181 11.3 The Object Identification System (OBIS) 182 11.4 The DLMS/COSEM Interface Classes 184 11.4.1 Data-Storage ICs 185 11.4.2 Association ICs 185 11.4.3 Time- and Event-Bound ICs 186 11.4.4 Communication Setup Channel Objects 186 11.5 Accessing COSEM Interface Objects 186 11.5.1 The Application Association Concept 186 11.5.2 The DLMS/COSEM Communication Framework 187 11.5.3 The Data Communication Services of COSEM Application Layer 189 11.6 End-to-End Security in the DLMS/COSEM Approach 191 11.6.1 Access Control Security 191 11.6.2 Data-Transport Security 192 Part IV THE NEXT GENERATION: IP-BASED PROTOCOLS 12 6LoWPAN and RPL 195 12.1 Overview 195 12.2 What is 6LoWPAN? 6LoWPAN and RPL Standardization 195 12.3 Overview of the 6LoWPAN Adaptation Layer 196 12.3.1 Mesh Addressing Header 197 12.3.2 Fragment Header 198 12.3.3 IPv6 Compression Header 198 12.4 Context-Based Compression: IPHC 200 12.5 RPL 202 12.5.1 RPL Control Messages 204 12.5.2 Construction of the DODAG and Upward Routes 204 12.6 Downward Routes, Multicast Membership 206 12.7 Packet Routing 207 12.7.1 RPL Security 208 13 ZigBee Smart Energy 2.0 209 13.1 REST Overview 209 13.1.1 Uniform Interfaces, REST Resources and Resource Identifiers 209 13.1.2 REST Verbs 210 13.1.3 Other REST Constraints, and What is REST After All? 211 13.2 ZigBee SEP 2.0 Overview 212 13.2.1 ZigBee IP 213 13.2.2 ZigBee SEP 2.0 Resources 214 13.3 Function Sets and Device Types 217 13.3.1 Base Function Set 218 13.3.2 Group Enrollment 221 13.3.3 Meter 223 13.3.4 Pricing 223 13.3.5 Demand Response and Load Control Function Set 224 13.3.6 Distributed Energy Resources 227 13.3.7 Plug-In Electric Vehicle 227 13.3.8 Messaging 230 13.3.9 Registration 231 13.4 ZigBee SE 2.0 Security 232 13.4.1 Certificates 232 13.4.2 IP Level Security 232 13.4.3 Application-Level Security 235 14 The ETSI M2M Architecture 237 14.1 Introduction to ETSI TC M2M 237 14.2 System Architecture 238 14.2.1 High-Level Architecture 238 14.2.2 Reference Points 239 14.2.3 Service Capabilities 240 14.3 ETSI M2M SCL Resource Structure 242 14.3.1 SCL Resources 244 14.3.2 Application Resources 244 14.3.3 Access Right Resources 248 14.3.4 Container Resources 248 14.3.5 Group Resources 250 14.3.6 Subscription and Notification Channel Resources 251 14.4 ETSI M2M Interactions Overview 252 14.5 Security in the ETSI M2M Framework 252 14.5.1 Key Management 252 14.5.2 Access Lists 254 14.6 Interworking with Machine Area Networks 255 14.6.1 Mapping M2M Networks to ETSI M2M Resources 256 14.6.2 Interworking with ZigBee 1.0 257 14.6.3 Interworking with C.12 262 14.6.4 Interworking with DLMS/COSEM 264 14.7 Conclusion on ETSI M2M 266 Part V KEY APPLICATIONS OF THE INTERNET OF THINGS 15 The Smart Grid 271 15.1 Introduction 271 15.2 The Marginal Cost of Electricity: Base and Peak Production 272 15.3 Managing Demand: The Next Challenge of Electricity Operators . . . and Why M2M Will Become a Key Technology 273 15.4 Demand Response for Transmission System Operators (TSO) 274 15.4.1 Grid-Balancing Authorities: The TSOs 274 15.4.2 Power Shedding: Who Pays What? 276 15.4.3 Automated Demand Response 277 15.5 Case Study: RTE in France 277 15.5.1 The Public-Network Stabilization and Balancing Mechanisms in France 277 15.5.2 The Bidding Mechanisms of the Tertiary Adjustment Reserve 281 15.5.3 Who Pays for the Network-Balancing Costs? 283 15.6 The Opportunity of Smart Distributed Energy Management 285 15.6.1 Assessing the Potential of Residential and Small-Business Powerz Shedding (Heating/Cooling Control) 286 15.6.2 Analysis of a Typical Home 287 15.6.3 The Business Case 293 15.7 Demand Response: The Big Picture 300 15.7.1 From Network Balancing to Peak-Demand Suppression 300 15.7.2 Demand Response Beyond Heating Systems 304 15.8 Conclusion: The Business Case of Demand Response and Demand Shifting is a Key Driver for the Deployment of the Internet of Things 305 16 Electric Vehicle Charging 307 16.1 Charging Standards Overview 307 16.1.1 IEC Standards Related to EV Charging 310 16.1.2 SAE Standards 317 16.1.3 J2293 318 16.1.4 CAN – Bus 319 16.1.5 J2847: The New “Recommended Practice” for High-Level Communication Leveraging the ZigBee Smart Energy Profile 2.0 320 16.2 Use Cases 321 16.2.1 Basic Use Cases 321 16.2.2 A More Complex Use Case: Thermal Preconditioning of the Car 323 16.3 Conclusion 324 Appendix A Normal Aggregate Power Demand of a Set of Identical Heating Systems with Hysteresis 327 Appendix B Effect of a Decrease of Tref. The Danger of Correlation 329 Appendix C Changing Tref without Introducing Correlation 331 C.1 Effect of an Increase of Tref 331 Appendix D Lower Consumption, A Side Benefit of Power Shedding 333 Index 337

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Book SynopsisIf you've been tasked with the job of maintaining large and complex Hadoop clusters, or are about to be, this book is a must. You'll learn the particulars of Hadoop operations, from planning, installing, and configuring the system to providing ongoing maintenance.

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Book SynopsisExplore the emerging definitions, protocols, and standards for SDN - software-defined, software-driven, programmable networks - with this comprehensive guide. Two senior network engineers show you what's required for building networks that use software for bi-directional communication between applications and the underlying network infrastructure.

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Book SynopsisGary R. Bunt is a twenty-year pioneer in the study of cyber-Islamic environments (CIEs). In this new book, he explores the diverse and surprising ways digital technology is shaping how Muslims across vast territories relate to religious authorities in fulfilling spiritual, mystical, and legalistic agendas.

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Book SynopsisUse a simple programming model and the .NET language of your choice to build large distributed systems. This book teaches you the Microsoft Orleans framework.Even well-versed professional software developers with expertise in C# (or another language) find themselves unequipped to meet the challenges of distributed systems as infrastructure moves to multi-core; multiple computers are being used for scale, redundancy, and cloud computing; and multi-region deployment is taking place.Orleans handles many of the concerns of distributed computing and cloud infrastructure, allowing you to concentrate on writing application logic.What You Will Learn Know the key concepts for building distributed systems Gain a background in the origin and evolution of Orleans, and why it is important for your projects Dive into each of the features available in Orleans by building an example application Develop troubleshootingTable of Contents1. Fundamentals2. Grains and Silos3. Hello World 4. Debugging an Orleans Application5. Orleans Dashboard6. Adding Persistence7. Adding ASP.NET Core8. Unit Testing9. Streams10. Timer and Reminders11. Transactions12. Event Sourced Grains13. Updating Grains14. Optimizations15. Advanced Features16. Interviews

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Book SynopsisEnhance your product management skills and set yourself apart from other product managers working in the IoT industry. This book shows you how to navigate through the world of small and Edge devices to successfully launch and monitor products connected together to make smart environments. Working in Agile environments, you''ll learn to guide UI builds that serve customer needs and function the way top tech companies expect. Then measure the right product metrics and create reporting dashboards for your IoT products. That way you can effectively engage partners, engineers, and stakeholders. And you''ll learn the entire end-to-end development process of IoT products so that you can make sure you make the right moves at the right stages.     After mastering the IoT product lifecycle and measuring your success against KPIs, you''ll see how to work with marketing to effectively launch your product in the marketplace. Finally, a self-interTable of ContentsChapter 1. History of IoT Product ManagementGrowth of IoT technology Scope of product management How to become a PM Chapter 2. UI / UX for IoT Product Design User experience and user interface creation Steps for product Business models Hardware and recent IoT landscape Chapter 3. IoT Manager in the Agile Era Product Manager journey Advance skills Creating product metricsCreating reporting dashboards, Communication with partners, engineersm and stakeholders End-to-end development. Chapter 4. IoT Product Development and Life Cycle Product evaluation Journey of the product Chapter 5. IoT Product Manager and Life Cycle Management Collaborate Negotiate Launch Chapter 6. IoT Product Marketing Marketing strategy creation Monitor industry trends Review generation methods Chapter 7. Government Regulation in IoT Existing laws (US, EU, Canada) How to follow regulations Audience: Intermediate

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Book SynopsisFrom the researcher who was one of the first to identify and analyze the infamous industrial control system malware "Stuxnet," comes a book that takes a new, radical approach to making Industrial control systems safe from such cyber attacks: design the controls systems themselves to be "robust." Other security experts advocate risk management, implementing more firewalls and carefully managing passwords and access. Not so this book: those measures, while necessary, can still be circumvented. Instead, this book shows in clear, concise detail how a system that has been set up with an eye toward quality design in the first place is much more likely to remain secure and less vulnerable to hacking, sabotage or malicious control. It blends several well-established concepts and methods from control theory, systems theory, cybernetics and quality engineering to create the ideal protected system. The book's maxim is taken from the famous quality engineer William Edwards Deming, "If I had to reduce my message to management to just a few words, I'd say it all has to do with reducing variation." Highlights include: - An overview of the problem of "cyber fragility" in industrial control systems How to make an industrial control system "robust," including principal design objectives and overall strategic planning Why using the methods of quality engineering like the Taguchi method, SOP and UML will help to design more "armored" industrial control systems

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Book SynopsisChallenges to Silicon Valley’s dominant role in conjuring and patenting the world’s technological futures are arising around the world. As digital media technologies emerge from new, globally dispersed locations, a multipolar order of communication innovation seems to be in the making. Yet recovering our ability to imagine futures otherwise requires negotiating conditions—economic, geopolitical, sociocultural, and ecological—rather than reproducing them under the pretext of breaking with the present. The essays in this volume examine research on such conditions critically and comparatively in a variety of geographies. Paying due attention to China’s rise as an innovative platform society and AI powerhouse, this book addresses the broader question of a shifting world order and trends that are shaped by China’s influence but that extend beyond its borders. Looking at multipolar communication innovation through various critical lenses, our technological futures simultaneously appear to be old, new, and uncertain, while the infrastructures and platforms underpinning communication innovation both affiliate communities and set them apart.

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Book SynopsisWhile the 5th Generation (5G) system is being widely deployed across the globe, the research and consensus building for the 6th generation (6G) are already well underway with high expectations toward the merger of digital, physical and human worlds. The main goal of this book is to introduce the upcoming 6G technologies and outline the foreseen challenges, enablers, and architectural design trends that will be instrumental in realizing a Sustainable and Trustworthy 6G system in the coming years.The envisioned 6G system promises to offer a more advanced and comprehensive user experience not only by achieving higher speeds, larger capacity, and lower latency, but also much more improved reliability, greater energy efficiency, and an enhanced security framework while natively integrating intelligence end-to-end (E2E). Achieving these goals will require innovative technological solutions and a holistic system design that considers the needs of various stakeholders and future 6G use cases.Capitalizing on the 5G Public-Private-Partnership (5G PPP) Phase 3 projects and the join efforts between the Architecture Working Group and the flagship Hexa-X project, this book delves into the critical challenges and enablers of the 6G system, including new network architectures and novel enhancements as well as the role of regulators, network operators, industry players, application developers, and end-users. Accordingly, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the current research activities on 6G and sets a solid cornerstone towards a more connected, intelligent, and sustainable world.Trade ReviewThis current book, as a joint effort between the Hexa-X project and the Architecture WG, is the culmination of the European architecture work as a whole. It highlights the latest requirements on the future architecture along with the architectural design principles to respond to technical, economical, and societal needs. Moreover, it elevates the perspective from the long-term evolution of the 5G technologies towards the introduction of the 6G system. It thus provides a reference point for future 6G architecture work to continue in the SNS JU. We count on the Hexa-X flagship as well as collaborative facilities under the 5G-PPP and SNS JU, such as the Architecture WG, to continue creating the critical mass in Europe towards this vision. I am looking forward to the creativity and ambition of the global research and innovation community to shape the new generation of communication technology throughout this decade. -- Peter StuckmannTable of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Architecture Landscape Chapter 3: Towards Versatile Access Networks Chapter 4: Towards Joint Communication and Sensing Chapter 5: Towards Natively Intelligent Networks Chapter 6: Towards Sustainable Networks Chapter 7: Towards Continuously Programmable Networks Chapter 8: Secure, Privacy-Preserving, and Trustworthy Networks Chapter 9: 6G Outlook and Timeline Index

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Book SynopsisOffers a practical blend of theoretical considerations and practical NFV implementation in modern computer environments. A valuable resource for students, engineers, and researchers looking for a comprehensive guide to further network softwarization

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Book SynopsisENACT is a research project funded by the European Commission under its H2020 program. The project consortium consists of twelve industry and research member organisations spread across the whole EU. The overall goal of the ENACT project was to provide a novel set of solutions to enable DevOps in the realm of trustworthy Smart IoT Systems. Smart IoT Systems (SIS) are complex systems involving not only sensors but also actuators with control loops distributed all across the IoT, Edge and Cloud infrastructure. Since smart IoT systems typically operate in a changing and often unpredictable environment, the ability of these systems to continuously evolve and adapt to their new environment is decisive to ensure and increase their trustworthiness, quality and user experience. DevOps has established itself as a software development life-cycle model that encourages developers to continuously bring new features to the system under operation without sacrificing quality. This book reports on the ENACT work to empower the development and operation as well as the continuous and agile evolution of SIS, which is necessary to adapt the system to changes in its environment, such as newly appearing trustworthiness threats.Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The ENACT Approach 3. Privacy Issues Control in Continuous Risk Management 4. Model-based Continuous Deployment of SIS 5. A DevOps Toolchain for Managing Actuation Conflicts in Smart IoT Systems 6. Online Reinforcement Learning for Self-Adaptive Smart IoT Systems 7. Security of Smart IoT Systems 8. Validation, Verification and Root-Cause Analysis 9. SIS-based eHealth application: the Tellu use case 10. Intelligent Transport System: the Indra Use Case 11. Smart Building: the Tecnalia KUBIK use case 12. Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThe main aim of this book is to offer companies a simple and practical method to assess their maturity in the Governance Information System, so that they are in working order to face the challenges of Digital Transformation. How can companies effectively manage their investment in IT systems and make the most of their development?Table of ContentsForeword ix Preface xv Acknowledgments xxiii Part 1. Information Systems Governance at the Service of the Digital Transformation 1 Chapter 1. Enterprise Governance: A Framework that Includes IS Governance 3 Chapter 2. Challenges of Enterprise IS Governance 11 2.1. Value creation 13 2.2. IS risk management 16 Chapter 3. Objectives, Approaches and Key Success Factors of Enterprise IS Governance 21 3.1. Objectives of Enterprise IS governance (EISG) 21 3.2. Approaches, frameworks and ongoing reflections 23 3.3. Benefits of the approach and its key success factors 27 Chapter 4. How Can the Maturity of Enterprise IS Governance be Improved? 29 4.1. Scope of EISG and assessment of the company’s global maturity level 29 4.2. How can it be properly initiated? 33 4.3. What can be done once the diagnostics have been made? 34 4.4. How can the improvement process be initiated? 35 Part 2. Evaluation of the Maturity of Enterprise Information Systems Governance 37 Chapter 5. Maturity Evaluation Criteria for Each of the 11 Vectors 39 5.1. Vector 1: IS planning and integration into the overall company’s planning process 40 5.1.1. Issues of this vector in the digital transformation 40 5.1.2. Issues of the vector in terms of contribution to the IS gonernance 40 5.1.3. Best practices associated with the vector and measurement of the company’s maturity level in the vector 41 5.2. Vector 2: IS urbanization at the service of strategic challenges in the frame of the Enterprise Architecture 44 5.2.1. Issues of this vector in the digital transformation 44 5.2.2. Issues of the vector in terms of contribution to the IS governance 44 5.2.3. Best practices associated with the vector and measurement of the company’s level maturity in the vector 46 5.3. Vector 3: Portfolio management of value creation-oriented projects 49 5.3.1. Issues of this vector in the digital transformation 49 5.3.2. Issues of the vector in terms of contribution to the IS governance 50 5.3.3. Best practices associated with the vector and measurement of the company’s maturity level in the vector 52 5.4. Vector 4: alignment of the IT organization with respect to business processes 57 5.4.1. Issues of this vector in the digital transformation 57 5.4.2. Issues of the vector in terms of contribution to IS governance 57 5.4.3. Best practices associated with the vector and measurement of the company’s maturity level in the vector 60 5.5. Vector 5: IS-related budgetary management and costs control promoting transparency 64 5.5.1. Vector challenges in the digital transformation 64 5.5.2. Issues of the vector in terms of contribution to IS governance 65 5.5.3. Best practices associated with the vector and measurement of the company’s maturity level in the vector 67 5.6. Vector 6: project management with respect to business objectives 73 5.6.1. Issues of this vector in the digital transformation 73 5.6.2. Issues of the vector in terms of contribution to the IS governance 74 5.6.3. Best practices associated with the vector and measurement of the company’s maturity level in the vector 76 5.7. Vector 7: provision of IT services optimized with respect to clients’ expectations 81 5.7.1. Issues of this vector in the digital transformation 81 5.7.2. Issues of the vector in terms of contribution to IS governance 81 5.7.3. Best practices associated with the vector and measurement of the company’s level of maturity in the vector 87 5.8. Vector 8: prospective management of IT skills 95 5.8.1. Issues of this vector in the digital transformation 95 5.8.2. Issues of the vector in terms of contribution to IS governance 95 5.8.3. Best practices associated with the vector and measurement of the company’s maturity level in the vector 98 5.9. Vector 9: IS-related risk management adapted to business challenges 101 5.9.1. Issues of this vector in the digital transformation 101 5.9.2. Issues of the vector in terms of contribution to IS Governance 102 5.9.3. Best practices associated with the vector and measurement of the company’s maturity level in the vector 103 5.10. Vector 10: management and measurement of IS performance 107 5.10.1. Issues of this vector in the digital transformation 107 5.10.2. Issues of the vector in terms of contribution to IS governance 108 5.10.3. Best practices associated with the vector and measurement of the company’s maturity level in the vector 109 5.11. Vector 11: IS-related communication management 112 5.11.1. Issues of this vector in the digital transformation 112 5.11.2. Issues of the vector in terms of contribution to IS governance 112 5.11.3. Best practices associated with the vector and measurement of the company’s maturity level in the vector 113 Appendices 117 Appendix 1: IT Scorecard 119 Appendix 2: Economic Steering of IT Department 123 Appendix 3: Glossary 129 Bibliography 137 Index 141

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Book SynopsisBy the year 2000, a balance was sought between security requirements and a respect for privacy, as well as for individual and collective freedoms. As we progress further into the 21st century, however, security is taking precedence within an increasingly controlled society.This shift is due to advances in innovative technologies and the investments made by commercial companies to drive constant technological progress. Despite the implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) within the EU in 2018 or 2020’s California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), regulatory bodies do not have the ability to fully manage the consequences presented by emerging technologies. Security and Its Challenges in the 21st Century provides students and researchers with an international legal and geopolitical analysis; it is also intended for those interested in societal development, artificial intelligence, smart cities and quantum cryptology.Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Chapter 1 Security: Actors and Rights 1 1.1 Numerous actors 1 1.1.1 Nation-states 1 1.1.2 Multinationals 3 1.1.3 The GAFAM 9 1.2 Rights and security 10 1.2.1 The law of armed conflict 10 1.2.2 Environmental law 16 Chapter 2 Interceptions 25 2.1 International interceptions 25 2.1.1 Interceptions in the 20th century 25 2.1.2 Interceptions in the 21st century 27 2.2 Interceptions in France 37 2.2.1 The 1991 law 38 2.2.2 The law of March 9, 2004 41 2.2.3 The 2015 Intelligence Act 42 2.2.4 Reform of the code of criminal procedure 52 Chapter 3 Geolocation and Video Protection 59 3.1 International standards for both geolocation and video protection/video surveillance 59 3.1.1 Comparative legal issues in the era of geolocalization 59 3.1.2 Belgian legislation on geolocation 61 3.1.3 Video surveillance/video protection 63 3.2 France 67 3.2.1 The legislative and regulatory framework 67 3.2.2 The case law just before the LOPPSI 2 and the Jean-Marc Philippe establishments 69 3.2.3 The entry into force of the LOPPSI 2 74 3.2.4 Jurisprudence after LOPPSI 2 74 3.2.5 Video protection and terrorism 88 Chapter 4 Biometrics or “the Second Circle” 89 4.1 Biometrics and international law 90 4.1.1 The United States: a historical outline 90 4.1.2 Standardization 93 4.1.3 The European Union and biometrics 94 4.2 France 98 4.2.1 Visa control 98 4.2.2 Passports 99 4.2.3 The TES database 101 4.2.4 Setting up Alicem 117 4.3 Facial recognition at the heart of globalization 119 Chapter 5 Personal Data in the United States and Europe 121 5.1 The United States and the protection of personal data in the European Union: Directive 95/46 122 5.1.1 Sensitive data 122 5.1.2 The right of access 123 5.1.3 Security 123 5.1.4 The directive of December 15, 1997, followed by the directive of July 12, 2002 and supplemented by the directive of November 25, 2009 124 5.1.5 Geolocalization 125 5.1.6 Cookies 125 5.2 The GDPR 126 5.2.1 Consent 127 5.2.2 Metadata and the “Privacy” bill 134 5.3 Cloud computing 138 5.3.1 Definition 138 5.3.2 The Safe Harbor Principles agreement 139 5.3.3 Privacy Shields 140 5.3.4 Two models 140 Chapter 6 Cybersecurity and Privacy 145 6.1 Cybersecurity itself 146 6.1.1 Cybersecurity in the United States 146 6.1.2 Cybersecurity in China 147 6.1.3 Cybersecurity in Japan 147 6.1.4 Cybersecurity and the European Union 148 6.1.5 Cybersecurity in the United Kingdom 149 6.1.6 Cybersecurity in France 149 6.1.7 The dangers of cyber-attacks 151 6.1.8 Two interesting cases 154 6.2 Cybersecurity and cryptology 158 6.2.1 Cryptology: the science of secrecy 158 6.2.2 Risks 161 6.3 PNR data 164 6.3.1 Element of definition 164 6.3.2 PNR data and nation-states 166 6.4 Smart cities 179 6.4.1 The development of standardization and certification 181 6.4.2 Strategies and CSIRTs 182 Chapter 7 Security Instruments in Texts Relating to Terrorism 185 7.1 Security instruments 185 7.1.1 The millimeter-wave scanner 185 7.1.2 The body camera 196 7.1.3 UAVs: a dual use – military and civilian 202 7.2 Standards in relation to terrorism 208 7.2.1 The law of 2014 209 7.2.2 The law strengthening internal security and the fight against terrorism 219 Chapter 8 Security and Democracy 225 8.1 Fake news 226 8.1.1 The definition 227 8.1.2 Obligations 227 8.2 Hate speech 237 8.2.1 The report 237 8.2.2 The proposed new mechanism 239 Conclusion 245 References 249 Index 251

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Book SynopsisThis book reviews the concept of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) by studying the SDN architecture. It provides a detailed analysis of state-of-the-art distributed SDN controller platforms by assessing their advantages and drawbacks and classifying them in novel ways according to various criteria. Additionally, a thorough examination of the major challenges of existing distributed SDN controllers is provided along with insights into emerging and future trends in that area. Decentralization challenges in large-scale networks are tackled using three novel approaches, applied to the SDN control plane presented in the book. The first approach addresses the SDN controller placement optimization problem in large-scale IoT-like networks by proposing novel scalability and reliability aware controller placement strategies. The second and third approaches tackle the knowledge sharing problem between the distributed controllers by suggesting adaptive multilevel consistency models following the concept of continuous Quorum-based consistency. These approaches have been validated using different SDN applications, developed from real-world SDN controllers.Table of ContentsAcronyms ix Preface xiii Introduction xvii Chapter 1 Toward a Decentralized SDN Control Architecture: Overview and Taxonomy 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Software-defined networking: a centralized control architecture 2 1.2.1. Conventional networking and the SDN paradigm 2 1.2.2. The SDN architecture 3 1.3. Physical classification of existing SDN control plane architectures 8 1.3.1. Physically centralized SDN control 8 1.3.2. Physically distributed SDN control 11 1.4. Logical classification of existing SDN control plane architectures 16 1.4.1. Logically centralized SDN control 17 1.4.2. Logically distributed SDN control 22 1.5. Conclusion 26 Chapter 2. Decentralized SDN Control: Major Open Challenges 27 2.1. Introduction 27 2.2. Scalability 28 2.2.1. Data plane extensions 30 2.2.2. Control plane distribution 32 2.3. Reliability 33 2.3.1. Control state redundancy 33 2.3.2. Controller failover 34 2.4. Controller state consistency 35 2.4.1. Static consistency 36 2.4.2. Adaptive multi-level consistency 37 2.5. Interoperability 38 2.5.1. Interoperability between the SDN controllers 38 2.5.2. SDN interoperability with legacy networks 38 2.6. Other challenges 39 2.7. Conclusion 40 Chapter 3 Scalability and Reliability Aware SDN Controller Placement Strategies 41 3.1. Introduction 41 3.2. Related work 42 3.3. The SDN controller placement optimization problem 44 3.3.1. Problem statement 44 3.3.2. Problem formulation 45 3.3.3. Placement metrics 45 3.4. The proposed SDN controller placement scheme 49 3.4.1. The adopted approach 49 3.4.2. Multi-criteria placement algorithms 50 3.4.3. Gradual strategies 52 3.5. Performance evaluation 53 3.5.1. Simulation settings 53 3.5.2. Simulation results 54 3.6. Discussion 60 3.7. Conclusion 62 Chapter 4 Adaptive and Continuous Consistency for Distributed SDN Controllers: Anti-Entropy Reconciliation Mechanism 65 4.1. Introduction 65 4.2. Related work 66 4.3. The consistency problem in SDN 68 4.3.1. Consistency trade-offs in SDN 68 4.3.2. Consistency models in SDN 69 4.4. Consistency models in ONOS 70 4.4.1. Strong consistency in ONOS 70 4.4.2. Eventual consistency in ONOS 71 4.5. The proposed adaptive consistency for ONOS 72 4.5.1. A continuous consistency model for ONOS 72 4.5.2. Our consistency adaptation strategy for ONOS 74 4.5.3. Our implementation approach 74 4.6. Performance evaluation 76 4.6.1. Experimental setup 76 4.6.2. Results 76 4.7. Conclusion 79 Chapter 5 Adaptive and Continuous Consistency for Distributed SDN Controllers: Quorum-Based Replication 81 5.1. Introduction 81 5.2. Background on eventual consistency in distributed data stores 83 5.2.1. Consistency and performance metrics 83 5.2.2. Adaptive consistency control 84 5.2.3. Existing modern tunable consistency systems 84 5.3. The proposed adaptive Quorum-inspired consistency for ONOS 86 5.3.1. A continuous consistency model for ONOS 86 5.3.2. Our Quorum-inspired consistency adaptation strategy for ONOS 87 5.4. Implementation approach on ONOS 93 5.4.1. Design of a CDN-like application 93 5.4.2. State synchronization and content distribution 94 5.4.3. Content delivery to customers 95 5.5. Performance evaluation 97 5.5.1. Application-specific performance and consistency metrics 97 5.5.2. Experimental setup 98 5.5.3. Results 103 5.6. Conclusion 112 Conclusions and Perspectives 115 C.1. Summary of contributions 115 C.2. Perspectives and future work 117 References 121 Index 139

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Book SynopsisThe Internet of Edges is a new paradigm whose objective is to keep data and processing close to the user. This book presents three different levels of Edge networking: MEC (Multi-access Edge Computing), Fog and Far Edge (sometimes called Mist or Skin). It also reviews participatory networks, in which user equipment provides the resources for the Edge network. Edge networks can be disconnected from the core Internet, and the interconnection of autonomous edge networks can then form the Internet of Edges. This book analyzes the characteristics of Edge networks in detail, showing their capacity to replace the imposing Clouds of core networks due to their superior server response time, data security and energy saving.Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Chapter 1. Edge Architectures 1 1.1. The three levels of Edge Networking 1 1.2. Edge Computing architectures 4 1.3. Security and domain name system on Edge 14 1.4. The digital infrastructure of the participatory Internet 16 1.5. Conclusion 17 1.6. References 18 Chapter 2. MEC Networks 21 2.1. The MEC level of 5G architecture 21 2.2. 5G 25 2.3. 5G Edge 29 2.4. Conclusion 37 2.5. References 37 Chapter 3. Fog Networks 39 3.1. Fog architectures 39 3.2. Fog controllers 44 3.3. Fog and the Internet of Things 48 3.4. Wi-Fi in the Fog’s digital infrastructure 50 3.5. The new generation Wi-Fi 54 3.6. The next generation of mobile Wi-Fi 63 3.7. Private 5G for Fog Networking 64 3.8. Conclusion 69 3.9. References 69 Chapter 4. Skin Networks 73 4.1. The architecture of Skin networks 73 4.2. Virtual access points 74 4.3. Participatory Internet networks 77 4.4. Conclusion 82 4.5. References 83 Chapter 5. Ad hoc and Mesh Networks 85 5.1. Ad hoc networks 85 5.2. Routing 88 5.3. Mesh networks 93 5.4. Participatory networks 95 5.5. Local services 96 5.6. The digital infrastructure of the Internet of the Edges 97 5.7. Conclusion 101 5.8. References 102 Chapter 6. Applications of the Internet of Edges 105 6.1. Civil security and defense applications 107 6.2. Applications of the Internet of Things 108 6.3. The tactile Internet. 110 6.4. Telecom applications 115 6.5. Industry 4.0 116 6.6. The smart city 118 6.7. Conclusion 121 6.8. References 121 Chapter 7. Vehicular Networks 123 7.1. Communication techniques for vehicular networks 123 7.2. Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks 126 7.3. Connected and intelligent vehicles 127 7.4. The MEC and the VEC 128 7.5. Intelligent transport systems (ITS)-G5 130 7.6. 5G V2X 133 7.7. The VLC 139 7.8. Conclusion 140 7.9. References 140 Chapter 8. Virtualization of the Internet of Edges 143 8.1. Network virtualization 143 8.2. Virtualization on the Edge 145 8.3. Using virtual networks on the Edge 151 8.3.1. Isolation 152 8.3.2. Extending network virtualization 153 8.4. Mobile Edge Computing 155 8.4.1. Examples of MEC applications 155 8.4.2. Geolocation 156 8.4.3. Augmented reality 156 8.4.4. Video analytics 157 8.4.5. Content optimization 158 8.4.6. Content cache and DNS cache 158 8.4.7. Performance optimization 159 8.4.8. Positioning of MEC servers 159 8.5. Conclusion 162 8.6. References 162 Chapter 9. Security 165 9.1. Cloud of security on the Edge 165 9.2. Secure element 170 9.2.1. Security based on secure elements 174 9.2.2. The TEE 175 9.2.3. The trusted service manager 176 9.2.4. The Cloud-based security solution 177 9.2.5. Solutions for security 178 9.3. Blockchain 183 9.3.1. Blockchain consensus 184 9.3.2. Blockchain in Edge Computing. 185 9.4. Conclusion 188 9.5. References 188 Chapter 10. The Example of Green Communications 193 10.1. The Green PI solution 194 10.2. The Edge Cloud 194 10.3. The IoE 195 10.4. The IoE platform 199 10.5. Use cases: IoT in constrained environments 201 10.6. IoT in motion 202 10.7. Massive IoT 203 10.8. The advantages 205 10.9. References 205 Chapter 11. Deployment of the Participatory Internet 207 11.1. The deployment 207 11.2. The Green Cloud 208 11.2.1. My Network 211 11.2.2. Chat 212 11.2.3. Talk 212 11.2.4. Storage 212 11.2.5. vCard Editor 212 11.3. Scaling up 212 11.4. Energy savings 214 11.5. Security 219 11.6. Wi-Fi and LTE hybridization 220 11.7. Conclusion 223 11.8. References 223 Chapter 12. The Future 225 12.1. The short-term future 225 12.2. The medium-term future 226 12.3. The long-term future 227 12.4. Participatory Internet and IPV6 228 12.5. References 231 List of Authors 235 Index 237

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Book SynopsisSmart homes use Internet-connected devices, artificial intelligence, protocols and numerous technologies to enable people to remotely monitor their home, as well as manage various systems within it via the Internet using a smartphone or a computer. A smart home is programmed to act autonomously to improve comfort levels, save energy and potentially ensure safety; the result is a better way of life. Innovative solutions continue to be developed by researchers and engineers and thus smart home technologies are constantly evolving. By the same token, cybercrime is also becoming more prevalent. Indeed, a smart home system is made up of connected devices that cybercriminals can infiltrate to access private information, commit cyber vandalism or infect devices using botnets. This book addresses cyber attacks such as sniffing, port scanning, address spoofing, session hijacking, ransomware and denial of service. It presents, analyzes and discusses the various aspects of cybersecurity as well as solutions proposed by the research community to counter the risks. Cybersecurity in Smart Homes is intended for people who wish to understand the architectures, protocols and different technologies used in smart homes.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Home Automation Solutions for SecureWSN 1 Corinna SCHMITT and Marvin WEBER 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Background 4 1.2.1 SecureWSN 4 1.2.2 Communication standards 8 1.2.3 The monitor-analyse-plan-execute-knowledge model 12 1.2.4 Hardware and libraries 14 1.3 Design decisions 15 1.3.1 Requirements 16 1.3.2 HAIFA architecture 18 1.3.3 WebMaDa integration 29 1.4 Implementation 30 1.4.1 CoMaDa integration 30 1.4.2 HAIFA’s ZigBee Gateway 48 1.4.3 WebMaDa integration 55 1.4.4 Uploading HA data to WebMaDa 56 1.4.5 Sending HA messages from WebMaDa to CoMaDa 59 1.4.6 WebMaDa’s frontend 62 1.5 Evaluation of HAIFA 64 1.5.1 Actuator interoperability (R1) 65 1.5.2 Rule-based automation (R2) 65 1.5.3 Node hardware interoperability (R3) 68 1.5.4 CoMaDa and WebMaDa management (R4) 68 1.6 Summary and conclusions 68 1.7 Acknowledgements 69 1.8 References 70 Chapter 2 Smart Home Device Security: A Survey of Smart Home Authentication Methods with a Focus on Mutual Authentication and Key Management Practices 75 Robinson RAJU and Melody MOH 2.1 Introduction 75 2.2 Smart home – introduction and technologies 77 2.2.1 Smart home – introduction 77 2.2.2 Smart home devices – categories 79 2.3 Smart home security 80 2.3.1 Threats 81 2.3.2 Vulnerabilities 82 2.3.3 IoT communication protocols 84 2.3.4 Enhancements to IoT communication protocols 86 2.3.5 IoT security architectures 87 2.4 Smart home authentication mechanisms 91 2.4.1 Stages of defining an authentication protocol for IoT 92 2.4.2 Taxonomy of authentication schemes for IoT 93 2.5 A primer on mutual authentication and key management terminologies 96 2.5.1 X.509 certificate 97 2.5.2 CoAP and DTLS 99 2.5.3 Tls 1.3 101 2.5.4 Key management fundamentals 102 2.6 Mutual authentication in smart home systems 104 2.6.1 Device and user onboarding 105 2.6.2 Flow of user authentication and authorization 106 2.6.3 Examples of mutual authentication schemes 107 2.7 Challenges and open research issues 112 2.8 Conclusion 113 2.9 References 114 Chapter 3 SRAM Physically Unclonable Functions for Smart Home IoT Telehealth Environments 125 Fayez GEBALI and Mohammad MAMUN 3.1 Introduction 126 3.2 Related literature 129 3.3 System design considerations 130 3.4 Silicon physically unclonable functions (PUF) 131 3.4.1 Mutual authentication and key exchange using PUF 132 3.4.2 Fuzzy extractor 133 3.5 Convolutional encoding and Viterbi decoding the SRAM words 133 3.6 CMOS SRAM PUF construction 136 3.6.1 SRAM PUF statistical model 138 3.6.2 Extracting the SRAM cell statistical parameters 141 3.6.3 Obtaining the golden SRAM PUF memory content 142 3.6.4 Bit error rate (BER) 142 3.6.5 Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for SRAM PUF 143 3.7 Algorithms for issuing CRP 144 3.7.1 Algorithm #1: single-challenge 144 3.7.2 Algorithm #2: repeated challenge 147 3.7.3 Algorithm #3: repeated challenge with bit selection 148 3.8 Security of PUF-based IoT devices 150 3.9 Conclusions 151 3.10 Acknowledgements 151 3.11 References 151 Chapter 4 IoT Network Security in Smart Homes 155 Manju LATA and Vikas KUMAR 4.1 Introduction 156 4.2 IoT and smart home security 159 4.3 IoT network security 164 4.4 Prevailing standards and initiatives 169 4.5 Conclusion 172 4.6 References 172 Chapter 5 IoT in a New Age of Unified and Zero-Trust Networks and Increased Privacy Protection 177 Sava ZXIVANOVICH, Branislav TODOROVIC, Jean Pierre LORRÉ, Darko TRIFUNOVIC, Adrian KOTELBA, Ramin SADRE and Axel LEGAY 5.1 Introduction 178 5.2 Internet of Things 179 5.3 IoT security and privacy challenges 182 5.3.1 Security challenges 183 5.3.2 Privacy challenges 184 5.4 Literature review 187 5.5 Security and privacy protection with a zero-trust approach 190 5.6 Case study: secure and private interactive intelligent conversational 193 5.6.1 LinTO technical characteristics 194 5.6.2 Use case 195 5.6.3 Use case mapping on the reference architecture 197 5.7 Discussion 197 5.8 Conclusion 198 5.9 Acknowledgements 199 5.10 References 199 Chapter 6 IOT, Deep Learning and Cybersecurity in Smart Homes: A Survey 203 Mirna ATIEH, Omar MOHAMMAD, Ali SABRA and Nehme RMAYTI 6.1 Introduction 203 6.2 Problems encountered 205 6.3 State of the art 207 6.3.1 IoT overview 207 6.3.2 History 208 6.3.3 Literature review 208 6.3.4 Advantages, disadvantages and challenges 209 6.4 IoT architecture 212 6.4.1 Sensing layer 213 6.4.2 Network layer 213 6.4.3 Service layer 213 6.4.4 Application–interface layer 213 6.5 IoT security 214 6.5.1 Security in the sensing layer 214 6.5.2 Security in the network layer 215 6.5.3 Security in the service layer 215 6.5.4 Security in the application–interface layer: 216 6.5.5 Cross-layer threats 216 6.5.6 Security attacks 216 6.5.7 Security requirements in IOT 218 6.5.8 Security solutions for IOT 219 6.6 Artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning 221 6.6.1 Artificial intelligence 222 6.6.2 Machine learning 222 6.6.3 Deep learning 224 6.6.4 Deep learning vs machine learning 225 6.7 Smart homes 227 6.7.1 Human activity recognition in smart homes 227 6.7.2 Neural network algorithm for human activity recognition 228 6.7.3 Deep neural networks used in human activity recognition 230 6.8 Anomaly detection in smart homes 233 6.8.1 What are anomalies? 233 6.8.2 Types of anomaly 233 6.8.3 Categories of anomaly detection techniques 233 6.8.4 Related work of anomaly detection in smart homes 234 6.9 Conclusion 237 6.10 References 238 Chapter 7 sTiki: A Mutual Authentication Protocol for Constrained Sensor Devices 245 Corinna SCHMITT, Severin SIFFERT and Burkhard STILLER 7.1 Introduction 246 7.2 Definitions and history of IoT 248 7.3 IoT-related security concerns 251 7.3.1 Security analysis guidelines 253 7.3.2 Security analysis by threat models 255 7.3.3 sTiki’s security expectations 256 7.4 Background knowledge for sTiki 258 7.4.1 Application dependencies for sTiki 258 7.4.2 Inspiring resource-efficient security protocols 260 7.5 The sTiki protocol 264 7.5.1 Design decisions taken 266 7.5.2 Implementation of sTiki’s components 267 7.6 sTiki’s evaluation 270 7.6.1 Secured communication between aggregator and server 271 7.6.2 Secured communication between collector and aggregator 275 7.6.3 Communication costs 276 7.6.4 Integration into an existing system 277 7.6.5 Comparison to existing approaches 278 7.7 Summary and conclusions 279 7.8 Acknowledgements 280 7.9 References 281 List of Authors 287 Index 289

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Book SynopsisPublic key cryptography was introduced by Diffie and Hellman in 1976, and it was soon followed by concrete instantiations of public-key encryption and signatures; these led to an entirely new field of research with formal definitions and security models. Since then, impressive tools have been developed with seemingly magical properties, including those that exploit the rich structure of pairings on elliptic curves. Asymmetric Cryptography starts by presenting encryption and signatures, the basic primitives in public-key cryptography. It goes on to explain the notion of provable security, which formally defines what "secure" means in terms of a cryptographic scheme. A selection of famous families of protocols are then described, including zero-knowledge proofs, multi-party computation and key exchange. After a general introduction to pairing-based cryptography, this book presents advanced cryptographic schemes for confidentiality and authentication with additional properties such as anonymous signatures and multi-recipient encryption schemes. Finally, it details the more recent topic of verifiable computation.Table of ContentsForeword xi David POINTCHEVAL Chapter 1 Public-Key Encryption and Security Notions 1 Nuttapong ATTRAPADUNG and Takahiro MATSUDA 1.1. Basic definitions for PKE 2 1.1.1. Basic notation 2 1.1.2. Public-key encryption 2 1.1.3. IND-CPA and IND-CCA security 2 1.1.4. Other basic security notions and relations 4 1.2. Basic PKE schemes 5 1.2.1. Game-based proofs 5 1.2.2. ElGamal encryption 6 1.2.3. Simplified CS encryption 8 1.2.4. Cramer–Shoup encryption 11 1.2.5. Other specific PKE schemes 14 1.3. Generic constructions for IND-CCA secure PKE 16 1.3.1. Hybrid encryption 17 1.3.2. Naor–Yung construction and extensions 19 1.3.3. Fujisaki–Okamoto and other transforms in the RO model 21 1.3.4. Other generic constructions for IND-CCA secure PKE 23 1.4. Advanced topics 25 1.4.1. Intermediate notions related to CCA 25 1.4.2. IND-CCA security in multi-user setting and tight security 26 1.4.3. Key-dependent message security 28 1.4.4. More topics on PKE 30 1.5. References 31 Chapter 2 Signatures and Security Notions 47 Marc FISCHLIN 2.1. Signature schemes 47 2.1.1. Definition 47 2.1.2. Examples of practical schemes 49 2.2. Unforgeability 51 2.2.1. Discussion 51 2.2.2. Existential unforgeability under chosen-message attacks 53 2.2.3. Unforgeability of practical schemes 54 2.3. Strong unforgeability 56 2.3.1. Discussion 56 2.3.2. Strong existential unforgeability under chosen-message attacks 57 2.3.3. Strong unforgeability of practical schemes 58 2.3.4. Building strongly unforgeable schemes 59 2.4. Summary 60 2.5. References 60 Chapter 3 Zero-Knowledge Proofs 63 Ivan VISCONTI 3.1. Introduction 63 3.2. Notation 64 3.3. Classical zero-knowledge proofs 64 3.3.1. Zero knowledge 65 3.4. How to build a zero-knowledge proof system 68 3.4.1 ZK proofs for all NP 70 3.4.2. Round complexity 71 3.5. Relaxed security in proof systems 72 3.5.1. Honest-verifier ZK 72 3.5.2. Witness hiding/indistinguishability 73 3.5.3. Σ-Protocols 74 3.6. Non-black-box zero knowledge 75 3.7. Advanced notions 75 3.7.1. Publicly verifiable zero knowledge 76 3.7.2. Concurrent ZK and more 77 3.7.3. ZK with stateless players 78 3.7.4. Delayed-input proof systems 79 3.8. Conclusion 80 3.9. References 80 Chapter 4 Secure Multiparty Computation 85 Yehuda LINDELL 4.1. Introduction 85 4.1.1. A note on terminology 87 4.2. Security of MPC 87 4.2.1. The definitional paradigm 87 4.2.2. Additional definitional parameters 89 4.2.3. Adversarial power 89 4.2.4. Modular sequential and concurrent composition 91 4.2.5. Important definitional implications 92 4.2.6. The ideal model and using MPC in practice 92 4.2.7. Any inputs are allowed 92 4.2.8. MPC secures the process, but not the output 92 4.3. Feasibility of MPC 93 4.4. Techniques 94 4.4.1. Shamir secret sharing 94 4.4.2. Honest-majority MPC with secret sharing 95 4.4.3. Private set intersection 97 4.4.4. Threshold cryptography 99 4.4.5. Dishonest-majority MPC 100 4.4.6. Efficient and practical MPC 100 4.5. MPC use cases 101 4.5.1. Boston wage gap (Lapets et al. 2018) 101 4.5.2. Advertising conversion (Ion et al. 2017) 101 4.5.3. MPC for cryptographic key protection (Unbound Security; Sepior; Curv) 101 4.5.4. Government collaboration (Sharemind) 102 4.5.5. Privacy-preserving analytics (Duality) 102 4.6. Discussion 102 4.7. References 103 Chapter 5 Pairing-Based Cryptography 107 Olivier BLAZY 5.1. Introduction 108 5.1.1. Notations 108 5.1.2. Generalities 108 5.2. One small step for man, one giant leap for cryptography 109 5.2.1. Opening Pandora’s box, demystifying the magic 110 5.2.2. A new world of assumptions 112 5.3. A new world of cryptographic protocols at your fingertips 116 5.3.1. Identity-based encryption made easy 117 5.3.2. Efficient deterministic compact signature 118 5.4. References 119 Chapter 6 Broadcast Encryption and Traitor Tracing 121 Duong HIEU PHAN 6.1. Introduction 121 6.2. Security notions for broadcast encryption and TT 123 6.3. Overview of broadcast encryption and TT 125 6.4. Tree-based methods 129 6.5. Code-based TT 132 6.6. Algebraic schemes 135 6.7. Lattice-based approach with post-quantum security 142 6.8. References 143 Chapter 7 Attribute-Based Encryption 151 Romain GAY 7.1. Introduction 151 7.2. Pairing groups 152 7.2.1. Cyclic groups 152 7.2.2. Pairing groups 152 7.3. Predicate encodings 153 7.3.1. Definition 153 7.3.2. Constructions 154 7.4. Attribute-based encryption 156 7.4.1. Definition 156 7.4.2. A modular construction 158 7.5. References 165 Chapter 8 Advanced Signatures 167 Olivier SANDERS 8.1. Introduction 167 8.2. Some constructions 169 8.2.1. The case of scalar messages 169 8.2.2. The case of non-scalar messages 171 8.3. Applications 173 8.3.1. Anonymous credentials 173 8.3.2. Group signatures 176 8.3.3. Direct anonymous attestations 180 8.4. References 184 Chapter 9 Key Exchange 187 Colin BOYD 9.1. Key exchange fundamentals 187 9.1.1. Key exchange parties 188 9.1.2. Key exchange messages 189 9.1.3. Key derivation functions 189 9.2. Unauthenticated key exchange 191 9.2.1. Formal definitions and security models 191 9.2.2. Constructions and examples 192 9.3. Authenticated key exchange 194 9.3.1. Non-interactive key exchange 195 9.3.2. AKE security models 196 9.3.3. Constructions and examples 200 9.4. Conclusion 206 9.5. References 207 Chapter 10 Password Authenticated Key Exchange: Protocols and Security Models 213 Stanislaw JARECKI 10.1. Introduction 213 10.2. First PAKE: EKE 215 10.3. Game-based model of PAKE security 218 10.3.1. The BPR security model 218 10.3.2. Implicit versus explicit authentication 221 10.3.3. Limitations of the BPR model 221 10.3.4. EKE instantiated with Diffie–Hellman KE 223 10.3.5. Implementing ideal cipher on arbitrary groups 224 10.4. Simulation-based model of PAKE security 225 10.4.1. The BMP security model 225 10.4.2. Advantages of BMP definition: arbitrary passwords, tight security 229 10.4.3. EKE using RO-derived one-time pad encryption 230 10.4.4. BMP model for PAKE with explicit authentication (pake-ea) 231 10.5. Universally composable model of PAKE security 232 10.6. PAKE protocols in the standard model 236 10.7. PAKE efficiency optimizations 239 10.8. Asymmetric PAKE: PAKE for the client-server setting 242 10.9. Threshold PAKE 244 10.10. References 246 Chapter 11 Verifiable Computation and Succinct Arguments for NP 257 Dario FIORE 11.1. Introduction 257 11.1.1. Background 258 11.2. Preliminaries 259 11.3. Verifiable computation 260 11.4. Constructing VC 261 11.4.1. VC for circuits in three steps 261 11.4.2. Succinct non-interactive arguments for non-deterministic computation 263 11.4.3. Verifiable computation from SNARG 264 11.5. A modular construction of SNARGs 264 11.5.1. Algebraic non-interactive linear proofs 265 11.5.2. Bilinear groups 267 11.5.3. SNARGs from algebraic NILPs with degree-2 verifiers using bilinear groups 269 11.6. Constructing algebraic NILPs for arithmetic circuits 271 11.6.1. Arithmetic circuits 271 11.6.2. Quadratic arithmetic programs 271 11.6.3. Algebraic NILP for QAPs 274 11.7. Conclusion 279 11.8. References 279 List of Authors 283 Index 285

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Book SynopsisThe fourth edition of this classic textbook provides major updates. This edition has completely new chapters on Big Data Platforms (distributed storage systems, MapReduce, Spark, data stream processing, graph analytics) and on NoSQL, NewSQL and polystore systems. It also includes an updated web data management chapter that includes RDF and semantic web discussion, an integrated database integration chapter focusing both on schema integration and querying over these systems. The peer-to-peer computing chapter has been updated with a discussion of blockchains. The chapters that describe classical distributed and parallel database technology have all been updated. The new edition covers the breadth and depth of the field from a modern viewpoint. Graduate students, as well as senior undergraduate students studying computer science and other related fields will use this book as a primary textbook. Researchers working in computer science will also find this textbook useful.This textbook has a companion web site that includes background information on relational database fundamentals, query processing, transaction management, and computer networks for those who might need this background. The web site also includes all the figures and presentation slides as well as solutions to exercises (restricted to instructors).Table of Contents1 Introduction.- 2 Distributed and Parallel Database Design.- 3 Distributed Data Control.- 4 Distributed Query Processing.- 5 Distributed Transaction Processing.- 6 Data Replication.- 7 Database Integration – Multidatabase Systems.- 8 Parallel Database Systems.- 9 Peer-to-Peer Data Management.- 10 Big Data Processing.- 11 NoSQL, NewSQL and Polystores.- 12 Web Data Management.- Appendices.- A Overview of Relational DBMS.- B Centralized Query Processing.- C Transaction Processing Fundamentals.- D Review of Computer Networks.- References.- Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a step by step design approach to develop and implement an IoT system starting from sensor, interfacing to embedded processor, wireless communication, uploading measured data to cloud including data visualization along with machine learnings and artificial intelligence. The book will be extremely useful towards a hands-on approach of designing and fabricating an IoT system especially for upper undergraduate, master and PhD students, researchers, engineers and practitioners.Table of ContentsIoT System Design– The Big Picture.- Design Considerations for IoT node.- Programming Arduino for IoT System.- Bluetooth based IoT System.- Cloud Computing for IoT Systems.- Simulation based Projects on IoT Systems.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a practical resource for designing Internet of Things (IoT) networks and implementing IoT applications from the localization perspective. With the emergence of IoT, machine to machine communication, Industrial IoT, and other societal applications, many applications require knowledge of the exact location of mobile IoT nodes in real-time. As the IoT nodes have computational and energy limitations, it is a crucial research challenge to optimize the network's performance with the highest localization accuracy. Many researchers are working towards such localization problems. However, there is no single book available for the detailed study on IoT node localization. This book provides one-stop multidisciplinary solutions for IoT node localization, design requirements, challenges, constraints, available techniques, comparison, related applications, and future directions. Special features included are theory supported by algorithmic development, treatment of optimization techniques, and applications.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Localization Techniques for IoT.- Chapter 2. Quantum based Metaheuristics for Localization in IoT.- Chapter 3. Optimal Node Deployment in Smart Parking.- Chapter 4. Assistance and Localization of Elderly persons.- Chapter 5. Social Distancing and Emergency Management in Smart Cities.- Chapter 6. Optimal Configuration in Heterogeneous Industrial IoT.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook presents computer networks to electrical and computer engineering students in a manner that is clearer, more interesting, and easier to understand than other texts. All principles are presented in a lucid, logical, step-by-step manner. As much as possible, the authors avoid wordiness and giving too much detail that could hide concepts and impede overall understanding of the material. Ten review questions in the form of multiple-choice objective items are provided at the end of each chapter with answers. The review questions are intended to cover the little “tricks” which the examples and end-of-chapter problems may not cover. They serve as a self-test device and help students determine how well they have mastered the chapter.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Digital Communications.- Network Models.- Local Area Networks.- The Internet.- Intranets and Extranets.- Virtual Private Networks.- Digital Subscriber Line.- Optical Networks.- Wireless Networks.- Network Security.- Emerging Technologies.

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Book SynopsisThis open access book presents outstanding doctoral dissertations in Information Technology from the Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy. Information Technology has always been highly interdisciplinary, as many aspects have to be considered in IT systems. The doctoral studies program in IT at Politecnico di Milano emphasizes this interdisciplinary nature, which is becoming more and more important in recent technological advances, in collaborative projects, and in the education of young researchers.Accordingly, the focus of advanced research is on pursuing a rigorous approach to specific research topics starting from a broad background in various areas of Information Technology, especially Computer Science and Engineering, Electronics, Systems and Control, and Telecommunications.Each year, more than 50 PhDs graduate from the program. This book gathers the outcomes of the best theses defended in 2021-22 and selected for the IT PhD Award. Each of the authors provides a chapter summarizing his/her findings, including an introduction, description of methods, main achievements and future work on the topic. Hence, the book provides a cutting-edge overview of the latest research trends in Information Technology at Politecnico di Milano, presented in an easy-to-read format that will also appeal to non-specialists.

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Book SynopsisThis book constitutes the proceedings of the Third International Conference on Smart Multimedia, ICSM 2022, which was held in Marseille, France, during August 25–27, 2022.The 30 full papers and 4 short paper presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 68 submissions. The contributions were organized in topical sections as follows: Machine Learning for Multimedia; Image Processing; Multimedia Applications; Multimedia for Medicine and Health-Care; Smart Homes; Multimedia Environments and Metaverse; Deep Learning on Video and Music; Haptic; Industrial.Table of Contents​Machine Learning for Multimedia.- Normalizing Flow Based Surface Defect Detection.- FUNet: Flow Based Conference Video Background Subtraction.- IARG: Improved Actor Relation Graph-based Group Activity Recognition.- SPGNet: Spatial Projection Guided 3D Human Pose Estimation in Low Dimensional Space.- Image Processing.- Unsupervised Face Frontalization GAN Driven by 3D Rotation and Symmetric Filling.- Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Based on Multi-Scale Gaussian Rolling Guidance Filter Decomposition.- Multi-Directional Edge Detection Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Logic Judgment.- Multimedia Applications.- Security Concerns and Citizens' Privacy Implications in Smart Multimedia Applications.- Metric Learning on Complex Projective Spaces.- Gamified Smart Grid Implementation through Pico, Nano, and Microgrids in a Sustainable Campus.- Product Re-Identification System in Fully Automated Defect Detection.- Multimedia for Medicine and Health-Care.- A Real-Time Fall Classification Model Based on Frame Series Motion Deformation.- GradXcepUNet: Explainable AI Based Medical Image Segmentation.- Non-Invasive Anemia Detection from Conjunctival Images.- 3D Segmentation and Visualization of Human Brain CT Images for Surgical Training - a VTK Approach.- Smart Homes.- The Energy 4.0 Concept and Its Relationship with the S3 Framework.- A Real-Time Adaptive Thermal Comfort Model for Sustainable Energy in Interactive Smart Homes: Part I.- A Real-Time Adaptive Thermal Comfort Model for Sustainable Energy in Interactive Smart Homes: Part II.- Multimedia Environments and Metaverse.- Including Grip Strength Activities into Tabletop Training Environments.- Matrix World – A Programmable 3D Multichain Metaverse.- Matrix Syncer - A Multi-Chain Data Aggregator for Supporting Blockchain-Based Metaverses.- Construction and Design of Food Traceability Based on Blockchain Technology Applying in the Metaverse.- Deep Learning on Video and Music.- Motion Segmentation Based on Pixel Distribution Learning on Unseen Videos.- Estimation of Music Recording Quality to Predict Automatic Music Transcription Performance.- Unleashing the Potential of Data Analytics through Music.- Haptic.- Impact of PGM Training on Reaction Time and Sense of Agency.- Epidural Motor Skills Measurements for Haptic Training.- Sensorless Force Approximation Control of 3-DOF Passive Haptic Devices.- Passive Haptic Learning as a Reinforcement Modality for Information.- Industrial.- Lighting Enhancement Using Self-Attention Guided HDR Reconstruction.- MoCap Trajectory-Based Animation Synthesis and Perplexity Driven Compression.- Hyperspectral Image Denoising Based on Dual Low-Rank Structure Preservation.- SimFormer: Real-To-Sim Transfer with Recurrent Restoration.- Spatio-Frequency Analysis for High-Frequency Surface Wave Radar Ship Target Detection.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers cutting edge advancements on self-powered Internet of Things, where sensing devices can be energy-positive while capturing context from the physical world. It provides new mechanisms for activity recognition without the need of conventional inertial sensors, which demand significant energy during their operation and thus quickly deplete the batteries of internet-of-things (IoT) devices. The book offers new solutions by employing energy harvesters as activity sensors as well as power sources to enable the autonomous and self-powered operation of IoT devices without the need of human intervention. It provides useful content for graduate students as well as researchers to understand the nascent technologies of human activity, fitness and health monitoring using autonomous sensors. In particular, this book is very useful for people working on pervasive computing, activity recognition, wearable IoT, fitness/healthcare and autonomous systems.This book covers a broad range of topics related to self-powered activity recognition. The main topics of this book include wearables, IoT, energy harvesting, energy harvesters as sensors, activity recognition and self-powered operation of IoT devices. This book starts with the introduction of wearable IoT devices and activity recognition and then highlights the conventional activity recognition mechanisms. After that, it describes the use of energy harvesters to power the IoT devices. Later, it explores the use of various energy harvesters as activity sensors. It also proposes the use of energy harvesters as simultaneous source of energy and context information and defines the emerging concept of energy-positive sensing compared to conventional energy-negative sensing. Finally, it explores sensor/signal fusion to enhance the performance using multiple energy harvesters and charts a way forward for future research in this area. This book covers all important and emerging topics that have significance in the design and implementation of autonomous wearable IoT devices. We believe that this book will lay the foundation for designing self-powered IoT devices which can ultimately replace the conventional wearable IoT devices which need regular recharging and replacement.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Background.- Energy harvesting to power the IoT devices.- Energy harvesters as activity sensors.- Energy harvesters as a simultaneous source of energy and activity information.- Energy-Positive Activity Recognition.- Fusion of multiple energy harvesters.- Conclusion and Future Work.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook explores the different protocols and technologies that are key to supporting the most important Internet of Things (IoT) networking scenarios.

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Book SynopsisThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Symposium, UNet 2022, held in Montreal, QC, Canada, during October 25–27, 2022. The 17 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 43 submissions. Moreover, 4 additional invited papers have been also considered. They were organized in topical sections as follows: ​Spectrum Management and Channel Prediction, Resource Allocation in 5G/6G, Internet of Things and Vehicular Communications, Artificial Intelligence-Driven Communications, Pervasive Services and Cyber Security.Table of ContentsSpectrum Management and Channel Prediction.- On the Influence of Microscopic Mobility in Modelling Pedestrian Communication.- Low Profile CPW Fed Tri-Band Millimeter Wave Antenna Design for Future 5G Application.- Trading off Controlled System Energy and Wireless Communication Energy.- Statistical Moments of the Temporal Spectrum of Electromagnetic Waves in the Equatorial Ionosphere.- Resource Allocation in 5G/6G.- Towards Facilitating URLLC in UAV-Enabled MEC Systems for 6G Networks.- Resource Allocation and Power Control for Heterogeneous Cellular Network and D2D Communications.- Optimized Network Coding With Real-Time Loss Prediction for Hybrid 5G Networks.- TCP-RTA: Real-Time Topology Adaptiveness for Congestion Control in TCP.- Rio_DSA: Redirecting I/O Scheme for Dynamic Storage Allocation on Docker Container.- Internet of Things and Vehicular Communications.- VANET-Based Traffic Light Management for an Emergency Vehicle.- Deep Reinforcement Learning to Improve Vehicle-to-Vulnerable Road User Communications in C-V2X.- Pervasive Computing for Efficient Intra-UAV Connectivity: Based on Context-Awareness.- Road Accident Analysis of Dhaka City Using Counter Propagation Network.- Artificial Intelligence-Driven Communications.- Reinforcement Learning for Protocol Synthesis in Resource-Constrained Wireless Sensor and IoT Networks.- Distributional Reinforcement Learning for VoLTE Closed Loop Power Control in Indoor Small Cells.- Reinforcement Learning Aided Routing in Tactical Wireless Sensor Networks.- A Green and Scalable Clustering for Massive IoT Sensors with Selective Deactivation.- Pervasive Services and Cyber Security.- Threat Mitigation Model With Low False Alarm Rate Based on Hybrid Deep Belief Network.- On Feature Selection Algorithms for Effective Botnet Detection.- A Novel Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Crop Disease Detection Using BEGAN.- Multivariate Skewness and Kurtosis for Detecting Wormhole Attack in VANETs.

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces the Learning-Augmented Network Optimization (LANO) paradigm, which interconnects network optimization with the emerging AI theory and algorithms and has been receiving a growing attention in network research. The authors present the topic based on a general stochastic network optimization model, and review several important theoretical tools that are widely adopted in network research, including convex optimization, the drift method, and mean-field analysis. The book then covers several popular learning-based methods, i.e., learning-augmented drift, multi-armed bandit and reinforcement learning, along with applications in networks where the techniques have been successfully applied. The authors also provide a discussion on potential future directions and challenges.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- The Stochastic Network Model.- Network Optimization Techniques.- Learning Network Decisions.- Summary and Discussions.

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Book SynopsisThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Networked Systems, NETYS 2023, held in Benguerir, Morocco, during May 22–24, 2023. The 9 full papers and 3 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 31 submissions. The scope of the conference covers all aspects related to the design and the development of these systems, including, e.g., cloud systems, formal verification, concurrent and distributed algorithms, data management, data science, parallel/concurrent/distributed programming, machine learning, multi-core architectures, networks, and security.Table of Contents​Machine Learning.- Detection of Fake News Through Heterogeneous Graph Interactions.- Species Recognition via Active Learning.- Federated Graph Neural Network for Threat Intelligence.- Formal Methods.- A Formal Analysis of Karn’s Algorithm.- Comparing Causal Convergence Consistency Models.- Security & Privacy.- Encrypted search is not enough to ensure privacy.- Case Study on the Performance of ML-Based Network Intrusion Detection Systems in SDN.- Beyond Locks and Keys: Structural Equation Modeling based Framework to Explore Security Breaches through the Lens of Crime Theories.- Fault Tolerance.- Consensus on Unknown Torus with Dense Byzantine Faults.- Distributed Systems.- Approximation Algorithms for Drone Delivery Scheduling Problem.- Pebble guided Treasure Hunt in Plane.- Distance-2-Dispersion: Dispersion with Further Constraints.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisSebastian Herden präsentiert das Konzept des Model-Driven-Configuration-Managements (MDCM) zur Schließung der identifizierten semantischen Lücke zwischen Unternehmensarchitektur und IT-Konfiguration. Die grundlegende Idee des vorgestellten MDCM-Konzepts zur nahtlosen Integration von Enterprise-Architecture-Management und IT-Konfigurationsmanagement im IT-Betrieb ist es, einen Model-Driven-Engineering-Ansatz zu entwickeln. Das Ziel des MDCM ist neben der Ausrichtung der resultierenden IT-Konfiguration an den Geschäftsprozessen eines Unternehmens und der nachvollziehbaren und transparenten Gestaltung die Unabhängigkeit der Qualität von individuellem Wissen.Table of ContentsModel Driven Engineering.- Konfigurationsmanagement.- Enterprise Architecture Management.- IT–Systemlandschaft.- Modelltransformationen.

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the art of managing IT. A simple and robust framework is proposed to describe and to structure the essential elements of IT management. The authors pay particular attention to didactic aspects in order to facilitate the retention of models presented as well as to promote reflection on the subjects introduced. Thanks to a concentrate of good practices, each company will rapidly be in a position to build their proper IT ecosystem.Table of ContentsIT Processes - IT Strategy - IT Services - IT Portfolio and Project Management - IT Reporting - IT Governance

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