Communications engineering / telecommunications Books

Book SynopsisThe emergence of a true systemic science - the systemic one - capable of rigorously addressing the many problems posed by the design and management of the evolution of modern complex systems is therefore urgently needed if wants to be able to provide satisfactory answers to the many profoundly systemic challenges that humanity will have to face at the dawn of the third millennium. This emergence is of course not easy because one can easily understand that the development of the systemic is mechanically confronted with all the classical disciplines which can all pretend to bring part of the explanations necessary to the understanding of a system and which do not naturally see a good eye a new discipline claim to encompass them in a holistic approach ... The book of Jacques Printz is therefore an extremely important contribution to this new emerging scientific and technical discipline: it is indeed first of all one of the very few "serious" works published in French and offering a good introduction to the systemic. It gives an extremely broad vision of this field, taking a thread given by the architecture of systems, in other words by the part of the systemic that is interested in the structure of systems and their design processes, which allows everyone to fully understand the issues and issues of the systemic. We can only encourage the reader to draw all the quintessence of the masterful work of Jacques Printz which mixes historical reminders explaining how the systemic emerged, introduction to key concepts of the systemic and practical examples to understand the nature and the scope of the ideas introduced.Table of ContentsForeword ix Preface xiii Part 1. The Foundations of Systemics 1 Introduction to Part 1 3 Chapter 1. The Legacy of Norbert Wiener and the Birth of Cybernetics 5 1.1. The birth of systemics: the facts 6 1.1.1. The idea of integration 8 1.1.2. Implementation and the first applications 14 1.2. Modeling for understanding: the computer science singularity 21 1.3. Engineering in the 21st Century 24 1.4. Education: systemics at MIT 29 Chapter 2. At the Origins of System Sciences: Communication and Control 33 2.1. A little systemic epistemology 33 2.2. Systems sciences: elements of systemic phenomenology 38 2.2.1. Control/regulation 42 2.2.2. Communication/information 45 2.3. The means of existence of technical objects 51 Chapter 3. The Definitions of Systemics: Integration and Interoperability of Systems 55 3.1. A few common definitions 55 3.2. Elements of the system 59 3.3. Interactions between the elements of the system 62 3.4. Organization of the system: layered architectures 65 3.4.1. Classification trees 65 3.4.2. Meaning and notation: properties of classification trees 74 Chapter 4. The System and its Invariants 83 4.1. Models 83 4.2. Laws of conservation 89 4.2.1. Invariance 96 4.2.2. System safety: risks 106 Chapter 5. Generations of Systems and the System in the System 113 5.1. System as a language 116 5.2. The company as an integrated system 119 5.2.1. The computer, driving force behind the information system 120 5.2.2. Digital companies 126 Part 2. A World of Systems of Systems 129 Introduction to Part 2 131 Chapter 6. The Problem of Control 133 6.1. An open world: the transition from analog to all-digital 133 6.2. The world of real time systems 142 6.3. Enterprise architectures: the digital firm 145 6.4. Systems of systems 147 Chapter 7. Dynamics of Processes 151 7.1. Processes 153 7.2. Description of processes 158 7.2.1. Generalizing to simplify 165 7.2.2. Constructing and construction pathways 166 7.2.3. Evolution of processes 168 7.2.4. Antagonistic processes: forms of invariants 170 7.3. Degenerative processes: faults, errors and “noise” 173 7.4. Composition of processes 176 7.4.1. Antagonistic interactions 178 7.5. Energetics of processes and systems 181 Chapter 8. Interoperability 191 8.1. Means of systemic growth 195 8.2. Dynamics of the growth of systems 197 8.2.1. The nature of interactions between systems 200 8.2.2. Pre-eminence of the interaction 204 8.3. Limits of the growth of systems 207 8.3.1. Limits and limitations regarding energy 211 8.3.2. Information energy 214 8.3.3. Limitations of external origin: PESTEL factors 216 8.4. Growth by cooperation 221 8.4.1. The individuation stage 223 8.4.2. The cooperation/integration stage 226 8.4.3. The opening stage 233 Chapter 9. Fundamental Properties of Systems of Systems 235 9.1. Semantic invariance: notion of a semantic map 235 9.2. Recursive organization of the semantic 239 9.3. Laws of interoperability: control of errors 240 9.3.1. Models and metamodels of exchanges 241 9.3.2. Organization “in layers” of the models and systems 243 9.3.3. Energy performance of the interaction between systems 245 9.3.4. Systemic approach to system safety 247 9.4. Genealogy of systems 252 Conclusion 257 List of Acronyms 269 References 275 Index 277

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Book SynopsisThis book, presented in three volumes, examines �environmental� disciplines in relation to major players in contemporary science: Big Data, artificial intelligence and cloud computing. Today, there is a real sense of urgency regarding the evolution of computer technology, the ever-increasing volume of data, threats to our climate and the sustainable development of our planet. As such, we need to reduce technology just as much as we need to bridge the global socio-economic gap between the North and South; between universal free access to data (open data) and free software (open source). In this book, we pay particular attention to certain environmental subjects, in order to enrich our understanding of cloud computing. These subjects are: erosion; urban air pollution and atmospheric pollution in Southeast Asia; melting permafrost (causing the accelerated release of soil organic carbon in the atmosphere); alert systems of environmental hazards (such as forest fires, prospective modeling of socio-spatial practices and land use); and web fountains of geographical data. Finally, this book asks the question: in order to find a pattern in the data, how do we move from a traditional computing model-based world to pure mathematical research? After thorough examination of this topic, we conclude that this goal is both transdisciplinary and achievable.Table of ContentsPreface xi Part 1. Earth Science Remote Sensing xvii Introduction to Part 1 xixDominique LAFFLY Chapter 1. A Brief History of Remote Sensing 1Dominique LAFFLY 1.1. History 1 1.2. Fields of application 8 1.3. Orbits, launchers and platforms 10 1.4. The acquired data are digital images 12 1.5. So what is remote sensing? Some definitions 14 1.6. Notes 19 1.7. References 21 Chapter 2. Physics of RS 23Luca TOMASSETTI 2.1. Introduction 23 2.2. Remote sensing 23 2.3. Fundamental properties of electromagnetic waves 29 2.3.1. Wave equation and solution 29 2.3.2. Quantum properties of electromagnetic radiation 30 2.3.3. Polarization, coherence, group and phase velocity, the Doppler effect 31 2.4. Radiation quantities 31 2.4.1. Spectral quantities 33 2.4.2. Luminous quantities 34 2.5. Generation of electromagnetic waves 34 2.6. Detection of electromagnetic waves 37 2.7. Interaction of electromagnetic waves with matter 38 2.7.1. Overview 38 2.7.2. Interaction mechanisms 39 2.8. Solid surfaces sensing in the visible and near infrared 41 2.8.1. Wave-surface interaction mechanisms 43 2.9. Radiometric and geometric resolutions 45 2.10. References 46 Chapter 3. Image Quality 47Dominique LAFFLY 3.1. Introduction 47 3.2. Image quality – geometry 54 3.2.1. Whiskbroom concept 57 3.2.2. Pushbroom concept 60 3.2.3. Full frame concept 62 3.2.4. Optical geometric distortions 64 3.2.5. Relief distortions 66 3.2.6. Inverse location model 67 3.2.7. Direct location model 69 3.2.8. Root Mean Square (RMS) validation 72 3.2.9. Resampling methods 73 3.2.10. Image geometric quality to assume geographical space continuity 75 3.3. Image quality – radiometry 76 3.3.1. Radiometric model of the instrument 78 3.3.2. Radiometric equalization and calibration 79 3.3.3. Radiometric signal noise reduction (SNR) 81 3.3.4. Radiometric physical value 82 3.3.5. Image quality – resolution 84 3.4. Conclusion 91 3.5. Notes 91 3.6. References 91 Chapter 4. Remote Sensing Products 95Van Ha PHAM, Viet Hung LUU, Anh PHAN, Dominique LAFFLY, Quang Hung BUI and Thi Nhat Thanh NGUYEN 4.1. Atmospheric observation 95 4.1.1. Introduction to common atmospheric gases and particles 95 4.1.2. Introduction to meteorological parameters 103 4.1.3. Atmospheric observation from satellite 107 4.2. Land observation 128 4.2.1. Introduction 128 4.2.2. Land cover/land use classification system 129 4.2.3. Legend 134 4.2.4. Data 134 4.2.5. Methodology 137 4.2.6. Global land cover datasets 154 4.3. Conclusion 158 4.4. References 158 Chapter 5. Image Processing in Spark 163Yannick LE NIR, Florent DEVIN, Thomas BALDAQUIN, Pierre MESLER LAZENNEC, Ji Young JUNG, Se-Eun KIM, Hyeyoung KWOON, Lennart NILSEN, Yoo Kyung LEE and Dominique LAFFLY 5.1. Introduction 163 5.2. Prediction map generation 164 5.2.1. Spark 164 5.2.2. Implementation 165 5.2.3. Naive method 167 5.2.4. Advanced method 168 5.3. Conclusion 171 Chapter 6. Satellite Image Processing using Spark on the HUPI Platform 173Vincent MORENO and Minh Tu NGUYEN 6.1. Introduction 173 6.2. Presentation of GeoTrellis 174 6.3. Using GeoTrellis in Hupi-Notebook 174 6.3.1. Some core concepts of GeoTrellis 177 6.3.2. Computation of NDVI 177 6.3.3. Compare two NDVI 178 6.3.4. Descriptive statistics of NDVI per Tile 178 6.3.5. K-means 179 6.4. Workflows in HDFS: automatize image processing 181 6.4.1. Create a jar 181 6.4.2. Monitor the Spark jobs 182 6.4.3. Tune performance of the Spark job 183 6.4.4. Create a workflow in Hupi-Studio 184 6.5. Visualizations in Hupi-Front 186 6.6. Cloud service 188 6.7. Development 189 Chapter 7. Remote Sensing Case Studies 191Van Ha PHAM, Thi Nhat Thanh NGUYEN and Dominique LAFFLY 7.1. Satellite AOD validation using R 191 7.1.1. Introduction 191 7.1.2. Datasets 192 7.1.3. Validation methodology 195 7.1.4. Experiments and results 198 7.1.5. Conclusion 204 7.2. Georeferencing satellite images 204 7.2.1. Introduction 204 7.2.2. Georeferencing methods 205 7.2.3. Datasets and methodology 207 7.2.4. Results and discussion 210 7.3. Conclusion 216 7.4. Appendix: R source code of validation process 217 7.5. References 222 Conclusion to Part 1 225Dominique LAFFLY Part 2. GIS Application and Geospatial Data Infrastructure 227 Chapter 8. Overview of GIS Application 229Quang Huy MAN 8.1. Introduction 229 8.2. Enterprise GIS for environmental management 230 8.3. GIS and decision-making in planning and management 232 8.3.1. Data quality and control 233 8.3.2. Decision support systems (DSS) 233 8.3.3. Integrating GIS with the DSS 234 8.4. GIS for water-quality management 235 8.5. GIS for land-use planning 236 8.6. Application of the technology in LUP and management 240 8.6.1. Computers and software programs applied to LUP and management 241 8.6.2. Application of GIS analysis and MCE in land-use planning and management 242 8.7. References 243 Chapter 9. Spatial Data Infrastructure 247Quang Hung BUI, Quang Thang LUU, Duc Van HA, Tuan Dung PHAM, Sanya PRASEUTH and Dominique LAFFLY 9.1. Introduction 247 9.2. Spatial data infrastructure 247 9.3. Components of spatial data infrastructure 249 9.4. Open standards for spatial data infrastructure 251 9.4.1. Open geospatial consortium (OGC) 251 9.4.2. OGC’s open standards 252 9.4.3. Usage of OGC’s open standards in SDI 255 9.5. Server architecture models for the National Spatial Data Infrastructure and Geospatial One-Stop (GOS) portal 256 9.5.1. GOS portal architecture 256 9.5.2. Standards for GOS portal architecture 257 9.5.3. Taxonomy of geospatial server architecture 257 9.5.4. Three reference architectures for server architecture model 258 9.6. References 260 List of Authors 263 Index 265 Summaries of other volumes 267

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Book SynopsisMethods of diagnosis and prognosis play a key role in the reliability and safety of industrial systems. Failure diagnosis requires the use of suitable sensors, which provide signals that are processed to monitor features (health indicators) for defects. These features are required to distinguish between operating states, in order to inform the operator of the severity level, or even the type, of a failure. Prognosis is defined as the estimation of a system�s lifespan, including how long remains and how long has passed. It also encompasses the prediction of impending failures. This is a challenge that many researchers are currently trying to address. Electrical Systems, a book in two volumes, informs readers of the theoretical solutions to this problem, and the results obtained in several laboratories in France, Spain and further afield. To this end, many researchers from the scientific community have contributed to this book to share their research results.Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Chapter 1. Diagnosis of Electrical Machines by External Field Measurement 1Remus PUSCA, Eric LEFEVRE, David MERCIER, Raphael ROMARY and Miftah IRHOUMAH 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Extracting indicators from the external magnetic field 3 1.2.1. External field classification 3 1.2.2. Attenuation of the transverse field 5 1.2.3. Measurement of the transverse field 6 1.2.4. Modeling a healthy machine 8 1.2.5. Modeling a faulty machine 10 1.2.6. Effect of the load 13 1.3. Information fusion to detect the inter-turn short-circuit faults 16 1.3.1. Belief function theory: basic concepts 17 1.3.2. Fault detection with the fusion method 19 1.3.3. Calculation example 21 1.4. Application 25 1.4.1. Presentation of rotating electrical machines 25 1.4.2. Presentation of experimental results 28 1.5. Conclusion 33 1.6. References 33 Chapter 2. Signal Processing Techniques for Transient Fault Diagnosis 37José Alfonso Antonino DAVIU and Roque Alfredo Osornio RIOS 2.1. Introduction 37 2.2. Fault detection via motor current analysis 41 2.2.1. Classical tools (MCSA) 41 2.2.2. New techniques based on transient analysis (ATCSA) 45 2.3. Signal processing tools for transient analysis 47 2.3.1. Example of a discrete tool: the DWT 48 2.3.2. Example of a continuous tool: the HHT 54 2.4. Application of transient-based tools for electric motor fault detection 67 2.4.1. Application of the DWT for the detection of rotor damage 68 2.4.2. Application of the HHT for the detection of rotor damage 70 2.5. Conclusions 71 2.6. References 72 Chapter 3. Accurate Stator Fault Detection in an Induction Motor Using the Symmetrical Current Components 77Monia BOUZID and Gérard CHAMPENOIS 3.1. Introduction 77 3.2. Study of the SCCs behavior in an IM under different stator faults 79 3.2.1. Simulation study 79 3.2.2. Analytical study of the SCCs in an IM under different stator faults 86 3.3. Extracting stator fault indicators from an IM 97 3.4. Automatic and accurate detection and diagnosis of stator faults 98 3.4.1. Description of the monitoring system of the IM operating state 98 3.4.2. Improving the accuracy of incipient stator fault detection 99 3.4.3. Automatic incipient stator fault diagnosis in an IM 114 3.5. Conclusion 118 3.6. References 119 Chapter 4. Bearing Fault Diagnosis in Rotating Machines 123Claude DELPHA, Demba DIALLO, Jinane HARMOUCHE, Mohamed BENBOUZID, Yassine AMIRAT and Elhoussin ELBOUCHIKHI 4.1. Introduction 124 4.1.1. Bearing fault detection and diagnosis overview 124 4.1.2. Problem statement and proposal 128 4.2. Method description 130 4.2.1. The global spectral analysis description 130 4.2.2. Discrimination of faults in the bearing balls using LDA 133 4.3. Experimental data 135 4.3.1. Experimental test bed description 135 4.3.2. Time-domain detection 137 4.4. Global spectra bearing diagnosis 139 4.4.1. Data preprocessing 139 4.4.2. Global spectra results with PCA 141 4.4.3. Global spectra results with LDA 143 4.5. Conclusion 146 4.6. References 147 Chapter 5. Diagnosis and Prognosis of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells 153Zhongliang LI, Zhixue ZHENG and Fei GAO 5.1. Introduction 153 5.2. PEMFC functioning principle and development status 154 5.2.1. From a PEMFC to a PEMFC system 154 5.2.2. Current status of the PEMFC technology 156 5.3. Faults and degradation of PEMFCs 157 5.3.1. Degradation related to the aging effects 157 5.3.2. Degradation related to system operations 158 5.3.3. Variables used for PEMFC degradation evaluation 161 5.4. PEMFC diagnostic methods 165 5.4.1. Model-based diagnostic methods 165 5.4.2. Data-driven diagnostic methods 168 5.4.3. Case study 171 5.5. Prognosis of PEMFCs 180 5.5.1. Health index and EoL 181 5.5.2. Model-based prognostic methods 182 5.5.3. Data-driven and hybrid prognostic methods 184 5.5.4. Case study 186 5.6. Remaining challenges 193 5.7. References 194 List of Authors 199 Index 201 Summary of Volume 1 203

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Book SynopsisFrom queues to telecoms. Queues are, of course, omnipresent in our world, at the bank, the supermarket, the shops, on the road... and yes, they also exist in the domain of telecoms. Queues Applied to Telecoms studies the theoretical aspect of these queues, from Poisson processes, Markov chains and queueing systems to queueing networks. The study of the use of their resources is addressed by the theory of teletraffic. This book also outlines the basic ideas in the theory of teletraffic, presenting the teletraffic of loss systems and waiting systems. However, some applications and explanations are more oriented towards the field of telecommunications, and this book contains lectures and more than sixty corrected exercises to cover these topics. On your marks....Table of ContentsNotations xi Preface xxi Part 1 Typical Processes in Queues 1 Chapter 1 The Poisson Process 3 1.1 Review of the exponential distribution 3 1.1.1 Definitions 3 1.1.2 The properties of an exponential distribution 4 1.2 Poisson process 10 1.2.1 Definitions 10 1.2.2 Properties of the Poisson process 12 1.3 Exercises 16 Chapter 2 Markov Chains 21 2.1 Markov chains in discrete time 21 2.1.1 Definitions 21 2.1.2 Evolution of a stochastic vector over time 26 2.1.3 Asymptotic behavior 30 2.1.4 Holding time in a state 32 2.1.5 Time-reversible chain 33 2.1.6 Reversible Markov chains 34 2.1.7 Kolmogorov’s criterion 34 2.2 Markov chains in continuous time 35 2.2.1 Definitions 35 2.2.2 Evolution over time 38 2.2.3 Resolving the state equation 41 2.2.4 Asymptotic behavior 42 2.3 Birth and death process 43 2.3.1 Definition 43 2.3.2 Infinitesimal stochastic generator 43 2.3.3 Stationary distribution 44 2.4 Exercises 45 Part 2 Queues 51 Chapter 3 Common Queues 53 3.1 Arrival process of customers in a queue 53 3.1.1 The Poisson process 53 3.1.2 Using the Poisson distribution Rho(lambda) 54 3.1.3 Exponential distribution of delay times 55 3.2 Queueing systems 57 3.2.1 Notation for queueing systems 58 3.2.2 Little distributions 59 3.2.3 Offered traffic 60 3.3 M/M/1 queue 60 3.3.1 Stationary distribution 61 3.3.2 Characteristics of the M/M/1 queue 62 3.3.3 Introducing a factor of impatience 64 3.4 M/M/(Infinity) queue 65 3.5 M/M/n/n queue 66 3.5.1 Stationary distribution 67 3.5.2 Erlang-B formula 67 3.5.3 Characteristics of the M/M/n/n queue 68 3.6 M/M/n queue 68 3.6.1 Stationary distribution 69 3.6.2 Erlang-C formula 70 3.6.3 Characteristics of the M/M/n queue 70 3.7 M/GI/1 queue 71 3.7.1 Stationary distribution 71 3.7.2 Characteristics of the M/GI/1 queue 73 3.8 Exercises 74 Chapter 4 Product-Form Queueing Networks 79 4.1 Jackson networks 80 4.1.1 Definition of a Jackson network 80 4.1.2 Stationary distribution 81 4.1.3 The particular case of the Jackson theorem for open networks 84 4.1.4 Generalization of Jackson networks: BCMP networks 84 4.2 Whittle networks 85 4.2.1 Definition of a Whittle network 85 4.2.2 Stationary distribution 88 4.2.3 Properties of a Whittle network 88 4.3 Exercise 89 Part 3 Teletraffic 91 Chapter 5 Notion of Teletraffic 93 5.1 Teletraffic and its objectives 93 5.2 Definitions 94 5.2.1 Measures in teletraffic 94 5.2.2 Sources and resources 95 5.2.3 Requests and holding time 96 5.2.4 Traffic 97 5.3 Measuring and foreseeing traffic 101 5.3.1 Traffic and service quality 101 5.3.2 Measuring traffic 102 5.3.3 Markovian model of traffic 102 5.3.4 Economy and traffic forecasting 103 5.4 Exercises 103 Chapter 6 Resource Requests and Activity 107 6.1 Infinite number of sources 107 6.1.1 Distribution of requests in continuous time 107 6.1.2 Distribution of requests in discrete time 110 6.1.3 Duration of activity distributions 113 6.1.4 Distribution of busy sources 115 6.2 Finite number of sources 115 6.2.1 Modeling with birth and death processes 116 6.2.2 Distribution of requests 117 6.3 Traffic peaks and randomness 118 6.3.1 Traffic peaks 118 6.3.2 Pure chance traffic 119 6.4 Recapitulation 119 6.5 Exercises 120 Chapter 7 The Teletraffic of Loss Systems 123 7.1 Loss systems 124 7.1.1 Definitions 124 7.1.2 Blocking and loss 124 7.2 The Erlang model 126 7.2.1 Infinite number of resources 127 7.2.2 Finite number of resources 128 7.2.3 Erlang-B formula 131 7.2.4 Dimensioning principles 132 7.3 Engset model 133 7.3.1 Sufficient number of resources 133 7.3.2 Insufficient number of resources 135 7.3.3 On the Engset loss formula 137 7.4 Imperfect loss systems 137 7.4.1 Loss probability in an imperfect system with limited and constant accessibility 137 7.4.2 Losses in a system with limited and variable accessibility 138 7.5 Exercises 138 Chapter 8 Teletraffic in Delay Systems 143 8.1 Delay system 143 8.1.1 Description 143 8.1.2 Characteristics of delay 144 8.2 Erlang model 145 8.2.1 Infinitely long queue 145 8.2.2 Erlang-C formula 146 8.2.3 Distribution of delays 147 8.3 Finite waiting capacity model 150 8.3.1 Queues of finite length 150 8.3.2 Limitations affecting the delay 151 8.4 Palm model 151 8.4.1 M/M/n/N/N queue 152 8.4.2 Characteristics of traffic 153 8.5 General distribution model for activity 153 8.5.1 The Pollaczek--Khinchine formula 153 8.5.2 Activity with a constant duration 154 8.6 Exercises 155 Part 4 Answers to Exercises 161 Chapter 9 Chapter 1 Exercises 163 Chapter 10 Chapter 2 Exercises 171 Chapter 11 Chapter 3 Exercises 185 Chapter 12 Chapter 4 Exercise 197 Chapter 13 Chapter 5 Exercises 201 Chapter 14 Chapter 6 Exercises 205 Chapter 15 Chapter 7 Exercises 207 Chapter 16 Chapter 8 Exercises 211 Part 5 Appendices 219 Appendix 1 221 Appendix 2 227 References 233 Index 235

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Book SynopsisThis major reference work provides a thorough and up-to-date survey and analysis of recent developments in the economics of telecommunications. The Handbook serves both as a source of reference and technical supplement for the field of telecommunications economics. Volume I reviews the traditional literature to bring readers up-to-date on the current treatment of telecommunications economics. The coverage includes: demand, supply, costs, market structure, regulation, interconnection and universal service. Volume II is concerned with future developments that will arise in the digital era. The coverage includes: internet, electronic commerce, mobile voice and data transmission, point-to-point and multi-point communication, regulation, satellite services and universal service in the information age. Volume III examines the structure within which modern communications companies operate and evolve, and how corporations must account for multiple objectives associated with both national economic and social policy. The volume draws useful lessons from the recent corporate experience of major international telecommunications companies. The contributors explore the interaction of diversity in national approaches with the continuing need for international cooperation and coordination, which continues to be an important area of debate.The Handbooks are written at a level intended for professional use by economists, advanced undergraduate and graduate students, and will also prove useful to policy analysts, engineers and managers within the industry.Table of ContentsContents: Preface 1. On the Subadditivity of Cost Functions 2. Cost Function Issues and Estimation 3. Telecommunications Productivity 4. Competition in Local and Long-distance Telecommunications 5. Telecommunications Demand 6. Retail Telecommunications Pricing in the Presence of External Effects 7. Vertical Integration in Telecommunications 8. Global Competition in Telecommunications 9. US Settlement Reform: An Historical Review 10. Telecommunications Infrastructure and Economic Development 11. Universal Service Index

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Book SynopsisThis major reference work provides a thorough and up-to-date survey and analysis of recent developments in the economics of telecommunications. The Handbooks serve both as a source of reference and technical supplement for the field of telecommunications economics. Volume I reviews the traditional literature to bring readers up to date on the current treatment of telecommunications economics. The coverage includes: demand, supply, costs, market structure, regulation, interconnection and universal service. Volume II is concerned with future developments that will arise in the digital era. The coverage includes: internet, electronic commerce, mobile voice and data transmission, point-to-point and multi-point communication, regulation, satellite services and universal service in the information age. Volume III examines the structure within which modern communications companies operate and evolve, and how corporations must account for multiple objectives associated with both national economic and social policy. The volume draws useful lessons from the recent corporate experience of major international telecommunications companies. The contributors explore the interaction of diversity in national approaches with the continuing need for international cooperation and coordination, which continues to be an important area of debate.The Handbooks are written at a level intended for professional use by economists, advanced undergraduate and graduate students, and will also prove useful to policy analysts, engineers and managers within the industry.Trade Review'The scope of this Handbook is simply awesome. Every technology (wireline, wireless, satellite, cable . . .), every service (internet, e-commerce, telephony, video . . .), every regulation (FCC, universal service, international settlements . . .), and both management and economic issues (development, pricing, demand, costs, innovation . . .), all written by the leading lights in this field. Every telecommunications scholar and executive should keep a copy within easy reach; it is indispensable.' -- Gerald Faulhaber, University of Pennsylvania, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Innovation in Advanced Telecommunications Networks 2. Economics of the Internet 3. Residential Demand for Access to the Internet 4. Electronic Commerce and Industrial Organization 5. The Economics of Online Retail Markets 6. Regulation for Internet-Mediated Communication and Commerce 7. Product Bundling and Wholesale Pricing 8. Mobile Telecommunications and Regulatory Frameworks 9. Satellite Communications Services 10. Regulated Costs and Prices in Telecommunications 11. Universal Service in the Information Age Index

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Book SynopsisThis major reference work provides a thorough and up-to-date survey and analysis of recent developments in the economics of telecommunications. The Handbooks serve both as a source of reference and technical supplement for the field of telecommunications economics.Volume III examines the structure within which modern communications companies operate and evolve, and how corporations must account for multiple objectives associated with both national economic and social policy. The volume draws useful lessons from the recent corporate experience of major international telecommunications companies. The contributors explore the interaction of diversity in national approaches with the ongoing need for international cooperation and coordination, which continues to be an important area of debate.The Handbooks are written at a level intended for professional use by economists, advanced undergraduate and graduate students, and will also prove useful to policy analysts, engineers and managers within the industry.Table of ContentsContents: Preface Part I: From Telecommunications Reform to Information Social Policy Part II: Corporate Experience and Visions Part III: International Cooperation and Coordination Part IV: Regional Developments Index

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses the multiple technical aspects of the distribution of synchronization in new generation telecommunication networks, focusing in particular on synchronous Ethernet and IEEE1588 technologies. Many packet network engineers struggle with understanding the challenges that precise synchronization distribution can impose on networks. The usual “why”, “when” and particularly “how” can cause problems for many engineers. In parallel to this, some other markets have identical synchronization requirements, but with their own design requirements, generating further questions. This book attempts to respond to the different questions by providing background technical information. Invaluable information on state of-the-art packet network synchronization and timing architectures is provided, as well as an unbiased view on the synchronization technologies that have been internationally standardized over recent years, with the aim of providing the average reader (who is not skilled in the art) with a better understanding of this topic. The book focuses specifically on synchronous Ethernet and IEEE 1588 PTP-based technologies, both key developments in the world of synchronization over the last 10 years. The authors address the needs of engineers and technical managers who are struggling with the subject of synchronization and provide an engineering reference for those that need to consider synchronization in NGN. The market applications that are driving the development of packet network synchronization and timing architectures are also discussed. This book provides a wide audience with everything they need to know when researching, implementing, buying and deploying packet synchronization architectures in telecommunication networks.Table of ContentsForeword xi Abbreviations and Acronyms xv Acknowledgments xxvii Introduction xxxiii Chapter 1. Network Evolutions, Applications and Their Synchronization Requirements 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Evolution from plesiochronous digital hierarchy to optical transport networks 3 1.2.1. Plesiochronous digital hierarchy and public switch telephone networks 3 1.2.2. Evolution toward SDH and synchronous optical network 7 1.2.3. Introduction of optical transport network in transport networks 11 1.3. Migration and evolution in the next-generation networks: from time division multiplexing to packet networks 12 1.3.1. Circuit emulation synchronization requirements 14 1.4. Mobile networks and mobile backhaul 17 1.4.1. Synchronization requirements in mobile networks 22 1.5. Synchronization requirements in other applications 27 1.6. The need to define new synchronization technologies 28 1.7. Bibliography 30 Chapter 2. Synchronization Technologies 33 2.1. Fundamental aspects related to network synchronization 33 2.2. Timing transport via the physical layer 42 2.2.1. Synchronous Ethernet 42 2.3. Packet timing 47 2.3.1. Packet timing using traffic data 47 2.3.2. Packet-based methods 52 2.4. IEEE 1588 and its Precision Time Protocol 55 2.4.1. Some essentials of IEEE 1588 56 2.4.2. IEEE 1588-2002: origin and limitations 64 2.4.3. IEEE 1588-2008 and PTPv2 68 2.5. The concept of “profiles” 75 2.5.1. Frequency profile 77 2.5.2. Phase and time profile (ITU-T G.8275.1) 81 2.6. Other packet-based protocols 82 2.6.1. Packet-based timing: starting with CES 82 2.6.2. Dedicated timing TDM PW 86 2.6.3. NTP 87 2.6.4. Summary and comparison 91 2.7. GNSS and other radio clock sources 94 2.7.1. Global and regional space-based timing system 94 2.7.2. Regional terrestrial systems 102 2.7.3. Comparison 104 2.8. Summary 105 2.9. Bibliography 107 Chapter 3. Synchronization Network Architectures in Packet Networks 111 3.1. The network synchronization layer 111 3.1.1. Network layers and abstraction 111 3.1.2. The synchronization layer 116 3.2. Functional modeling 117 3.3. Frequency synchronization topologies and redundancy schemes using SyncE 119 3.3.1. Introduction 119 3.3.2. Network topologies 120 3.3.3. Redundancy and source traceability 121 3.3.4. Use of SSM in real networks 122 3.3.5. Networks involving SSUs 130 3.3.6. Classical errors during SSM configuration 131 3.3.7. Conclusion on synchronization topologies 133 3.4. The IEEE 1588 standard and its applicability in telecommunication networks 133 3.5. Frequency synchronization topologies and redundancy schemes using IEEE 1588 134 3.5.1. Redundancy schemes using IEEE 1588 136 3.6. Time synchronization topologies and redundancy schemes 139 3.6.1. Locally distributed PRTC 140 3.6.2. Packet-based method 141 3.6.3. Resiliency and redundancy schemes 142 3.7. Bibliography 146 Chapter 4. Synchronization Design and Deployments 149 4.1. High-level principles 149 4.1.1. Network evolution 152 4.1.2. Typical mobile networks requirements and evolutions 158 4.2. MAKE or BUY network synchronization strategies 161 4.2.1. Relationships between MAKE or BUY strategies for network connectivity and Synchronization 162 4.2.2. MAKE or BUY network synchronization source strategies 167 4.2.3. Fixed/mobile network scenarios 170 4.3. Deployment of timing solutions for frequency synchronization needs 182 4.3.1. Overview of synchronization solutions for frequency needs 183 4.3.2. Synchronous Ethernet deployments 184 4.3.3. IEEE 1588 end-to-end deployments 196 4.4. Deployment of timing solutions for accurate phase/time synchronization needs 220 4.4.1. GNSS deployments and associated issues 221 4.4.2. IEEE 1588 full timing support deployments 225 4.4.3. Possible migration paths toward IEEE 1588 phase/time profile 236 4.5. Bibliography 237 Chapter 5. Management and Monitoring of Synchronization Networks 239 5.1. Introduction 239 5.2. Network management systems and the telecommunications management network (TMN) 240 5.3. Synchronization Network management: the synchronization plan and protection 242 5.4. Provisioning and setup: manual versus automatic 245 5.5. Monitoring functions 246 5.6. Management issues in wireless backhaul 249 5.7. Network OS integration: M.3000 versus SNMP 250 5.8. Bibliography 252 Chapter 6. Security Aspects Impacting Synchronization 255 6.1. Security and synchronization 255 6.1.1. Terminology used in security 257 6.1.2. Synchronization in network security ensemble 259 6.2. Security of the timing source 261 6.2.1. Access security to device 262 6.2.2. GNSS signal vulnerability 263 6.2.3. Protecting and mitigating from compromise signal 270 6.3. Security of synchronization distribution 274 6.3.1. Security aspects of physical timing transmission 275 6.3.2. Security aspects of packet-based timing transmission 277 6.4. Synchronization risk management 282 6.5. Bibliography 284 Chapter 7. Test and Measurement Aspects of Packet Synchronization Networks 287 7.1. Introduction 287 7.2. Traditional metrics 287 7.3. Equipment configuration 292 7.4. Reference signals, cables and connectors 293 7.5. Testing Synchronous Ethernet 293 7.5.1. Testing the performance of SyncE EEC 294 7.5.2. Testing the ESMC protocol 304 7.6. Testing the IEEE 1588 end-to-end telecom profile 308 7.6.1. Testing the telecom profile – protocol 308 7.6.2. Testing the telecom profile – performance of packet networks 316 7.6.3. Testing the telecom profile – performance of a PTP packet slave clock 319 7.7. Bibliography 326 Appendix 1. Standards in Telecom Packet Networks Using Synchronous Ethernet and/or IEEE 1588 329 A1.1. Introduction 329 A1.2. General content of ITU-T standards 330 A1.2.1. Network level 330 A1.2.2. Equipment level 331 A1.2.3. Use of network and equipment specification 332 A1.3. Summary of standards 332 A1.3.1. Standards related to SyncE 333 A1.3.2. Standards related to IEEE 1588 end-to-end telecom profile for frequency 335 A1.3.3. Standards related to IEEE 1588 full timing support telecom profile for phase and time transport 337 A1.4. Bibliography 339 Appendix 2. Jitter Estimation by Statistical Study (JESS) Metric Definition 341 A2.1. Mathematical definition of JESS 341 A2.2. Mathematical definition of JESS-w 342 Permissions and Credits 345 Biography 349 Index 353

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Book SynopsisAn ideal resource for students, industrial engineers, and researchers, Signal Processing with Free Software Practical Experiments presents practical experiments in signal processing using free software. The text introduces elementary signals through elementary waveform, signal storage files and elementary operations on signals and then presents the first tools to signal analysis such as temporal and frequency characteristics leading to Time-frequency analysis. Non-parametric spectral analysis is also discussed as well as signal processing through sampling, resampling, quantification, and analog and digital filtering. Table of Contents: 1. Generation of Elementary Signals. Generation of Elementary Waveform. – Elementary Operations on the Signals. – Format of Signal Storage Files. 2. First tools of Signal Analysis. Measurement of Temporal and Frequency Characteristics of a Signal. Time-Frequency Analysis of a Signal. 3. Non-parametric Spectral Analysis. 4. Signal Processing. Sampling. – Resampling. – Quantification. – “Analog” Filtering. Digital FilteringTable of ContentsPreface vii Introduction ix Chapter 1. Generating Elementary Signals 1 1.1. General points 1 1.2. Generation of elementary wave forms 2 1.3. Elementary signal processing operations 4 1.4. Using other file formats 8 Chapter 2. Signal Analysis 13 2.1. Measuring the temporal and frequency characteristics of a signal 13 2.2. Time-frequency analysis of a signal 16 2.3. Non-parametric spectral analysis 18 2.3.1. Analytical case studies 20 2.3.2. Practical application 23 Chapter 3. Signal Processing 27 3.1. Sampling 27 3.1.1. Analytical case studies 29 3.1.2. Practical applications 35 3.2. Resampling 37 3.3. “Analog” filtering 38 3.3.1. Analytical case studies 40 3.3.2. Practical applications 44 3.4. Digital filtering 53 3.4.1. Analytical case studies 53 3.4.2. Practical applications 63 Bibliography 67 Index 69

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Book SynopsisVoice over LTE (Long Term Evolution) presents the mechanisms put in place in 4G mobile networks for the transportation of IP packets containing voice data and telephone signaling, as well as the technologies used to provide a telephone service in the IMS (IP Multimedia Sub-system) network. Despite the difficulty connected to the handover of the 4G network to the 2G/3G network, a telephone communication will not be established on the 4G network. This book analyzes the technologies that have been put in place, such as CSFB (Circuit Service FallBack), an interim solution that enables a mobile connected to the 4G network to receive an alert transmitted by the 2G/3G network. The book also goes on to develop the SIP (Session Information Protocol) on which the telephone signaling transferred by the 4G network is based, the IMS network that provides the service and defines the routing, the SRVCC (Single Radio Voice Call Continuity) mechanism that maintains communication and the TAS (Telephony Application Server) that supplies supplementary services. Contents 1. The EPS Network. 2. The LTE Interface. 3. The CSFB Function. 4. SIP and SDP Protocols. 5. The IMS Network. 6. Telephone Services. 7. The SRVCC Function. About the Authors André Perez is a consultant and teacher in networks and telecommunications. He works with industrialists and operators regarding architecture studies and leads training on the 4G and IMS networks for NEXCOM.Table of ContentsPreface ix Acronyms xiii Chapter 1. The EPS Network 1 1.1. Architecture 1 1.1.1. Access network 2 1.1.2. Core network 3 1.1.3. Protocol architecture 7 1.2. Signaling protocols 11 1.2.1. NAS protocol 11 1.2.2. RRC protocol 16 1.2.3. S1-AP protocol 21 1.2.4. X2-AP protocol 24 1.2.5. GTPv2-C protocol 27 1.3. Procedures 30 1.3.1. Attachment procedure 30 1.3.2. Location update 34 1.3.3. Bearer activation 36 1.3.4. Handover procedure 39 Chapter 2. The LTE Interface 47 2.1. Structure of the radioelectric interface 47 2.2. Data link layer 48 2.2.1. PDCP protocol 48 2.2.2. RLC protocol 50 2.2.3. MAC protocol 56 2.3. Physical layer 59 2.3.1. Frequency range 60 2.3.2. Spatial multiplexing 62 2.3.3. Time multiplexing 63 2.3.4. Physical signals and channels 68 2.4. Procedures 80 2.4.1. Cell searching 80 2.4.2. System information 80 2.4.3. Random access 80 2.4.4. Data scheduling 82 2.4.5. Re-transmission in the case of error 84 Chapter 3. The CSFB Function 89 3.1. Reminder about NGN 89 3.1.1. Architecture of NGN 89 3.1.2. Signaling transport 91 3.1.3. Transport of voice data 93 3.2. The CSFB function 94 3.3. Procedures 95 3.3.1. Attachment 95 3.3.2. Tracking area update 96 3.3.3. Outgoing call 98 3.3.4. Incoming call 99 Chapter 4. SIP and SDP Protocols 103 4.1. Entities 103 4.2. Identities 104 4.3. Structure of SIP 105 4.3.1. Requests 105 4.3.2. Responses 109 4.3.3. Headers 112 4.4. Description of the media 116 4.5. Procedures 118 4.5.1. Registration 118 4.5.2. The session 120 Chapter 5. The IMS Network 137 5.1. Architecture of IMS 137 5.1.1. Session control 139 5.1.2. Application servers 141 5.1.3. Databases 142 5.1.4. Interconnection 142 5.1.5. Media processing 143 5.1.6. Charging 144 5.2. Registration 146 5.2.1. First phase of registration 146 5.2.2. Second phase of registration 150 5.2.3. Subscription 153 5.2.4. Notification 155 5.3. The session between IMSs 158 5.3.1. Establishment of the session 158 5.3.2. Termination of the session 164 5.4. DIAMETER messages 165 5.4.1. The messages related to registration and routing 166 5.4.2. Messages relating to control of the media 166 5.5. Interoperation with the CS network 167 5.5.1. Call initiated by the IMS network 167 5.5.2. Call generated by the CS network 169 5.5.3. Release of the communication 170 Chapter 6. Telephone Services 173 6.1. Service profile 173 6.2. Communication Diversion 175 6.2.1. CFU 175 6.2.2. CFB 176 6.2.3. CFNR 177 6.2.4. CD 179 6.2.5. CFNL 180 6.3. Identification presentation 180 6.3.1. OIP and OIR 180 6.3.2. TIP and TIR 181 6.4. Message Waiting Indication 181 6.5. Call parking 184 6.6. Conferencing 185 6.7. Communication transfer 187 6.8. Communication Waiting 189 6.9. Malicious Communication Identification 192 6.10. Automatic callback 193 6.10.1. CCBS 193 6.10.2. CCNR 196 6.10.3. CCNL 197 6.11. Communication rejection 198 6.11.1. ACR 198 6.11.2. ICB 198 6.11.3. OCB 198 6.12. Announcements 198 Chapter 7. The SRVCC Function 203 7.1. Impact on architectures 203 7.1.1. Impact on mobile networks 203 7.1.2. Impact on the IMS network 205 7.2. Procedures 207 7.2.1. Registration 207 7.2.2. Session establishment 211 7.2.3. PS-CS handover 214 7.2.4. Transfer of the communication 216 Bibliography 221 Index 225

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Book SynopsisThis book offers the reader the keys for a successful understanding, integration and usage of satellite systems in addition to next generation terrestrial networks. The DVB-S2/RCS system is used to illustrate the integration challenges. The presentation uses a system approach, i.e. it tackles the terrestrial and satellite telecommunication systems’ complexity with a high level approach, focusing on the systems’ components and on their interactions. Several scenarios present the different paths that can be followed for the integration of satellite systems in terrestrial networks. Quality of Service management techniques in terrestrial and satellite systems and the solutions to help them to interoperate are provided. Inter-system mobility solutions and performance problems are then addressed. The solutions proposed in this book have been developed within the framework of European and French funded research projects and tested with simulated or real testbeds.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Foreword xiPatrick GÉLARD List of Acronyms xiii Introduction xxiii Chapter 1 Satellite and Terrestrial Hybrid Networks 1 1.1 Designing satellite and terrestrial hybrid networks 1 1.2 Hybrid scenarios 2 1.2.1 Network architecture: integration of hybrid networks 4 1.2.2 Tight coupling integration: an integrated approach 5 1.2.3 Gateway integration 7 1.2.4 Loose coupling integration 8 1.3 Case study: loose coupling integration 9 1.3.1 Use case and user profile 9 1.3.2 Proposal of a scenario 9 1.3.3 Profile of mobile users 11 1.4 Conclusion 12 Chapter 2 Quality of Service on Next- Generation Terrestrial Networks 15 2.1 IETF approach 16 2.1.1 Network level 16 2.1.2 Transport level 29 2.1.3 Session and application levels 32 2.1.4 QoS signaling 37 2.2 ITU-NGN approach 45 2.2.1 Principles 45 2.2.2 Transport stratum 47 2.2.3 Service stratum 49 2.2.4 Management plan 50 2.3 Conclusion 50 Chapter 3 Quality of Service in Dvb-s/rcs Satellite Networks 53 3.1 Bi-directional satellite access systems 54 3.1.1 Overview 54 3.2 The DVB-S standard and the IP support 59 3.2.1 The DVB-S standard 60 3.2.2 Access method 63 3.2.3 IP encapsulation method over DVB-S 63 3.3 The DVB-S2 standard 67 3.3.1 Coding and modulations 67 3.3.2 Encapsulation 69 3.4 The DVB-RCS standard 70 3.4.1 Access method: MF-TDMA 71 3.4.2 Signaling in a DVB-RCS/S System 74 3.4.3 Connections 78 3.5 Dvb-rcs2 79 3.5.1 Coding and modulation 79 3.5.2 Access techniques 79 3.5.3 Encapsulation 80 3.5.4 QoS architecture and PEP 80 3.6 QoS architecture in DVB-S/RCS satellite access networks 80 3.6.1 The various stakeholders in the satellite network 81 3.6.2 The SatLabs architectural model 82 3.6.3 The BSM architectural model based on IP 89 3.7 Conclusion 96 Chapter 4. Integration of Satellites Into IMS Qos Architecture 97 4.1 IMS architecture 97 4.1.1 COPS and DIAMETER messages 99 4.2 IMS QoS architecture 100 4.2.1 IMS QoS in a GPRS: UMTS network 103 4.2.2 IMS QoS in an asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) network 106 4.3 IMS QoS signaling 107 4.3.1 Authorization of QoS resources 108 4.3.2 Reservation of QoS resources with a local service policy 110 4.3.3 Approval of commitments of authorized resources 110 4.3.4 Deleting commitments of authorized resources 112 4.3.5 Revocation of a QoS resource authorization 112 4.3.6 Indication of a PDP context deletion 113 4.3.7 Authorization for the modification of the PDP context 115 4.4 Inclusion of IMS QoS in the satellite segment 116 4.4.1 “System” hypothesis 116 4.4.2 IMS satellite integration: transparent approach 117 4.4.3 IMS satellite integration: integrated star approach 118 4.4.4 IMS satellite integration: integrated mesh approach 119 4.5 Toward a unified next-generation network (NGN) QoS architecture 120 4.5.1 Transparent integration scenario 120 4.5.2 Star integration scenario 125 4.5.3 Mesh integration scenario 127 4.6 SATSIX project 130 4.7 Conclusion 132 Chapter 5 Inter-system Mobility 135 5.1 Introduction 135 5.2 The taxonomy of mobility 136 5.2.1 Personal mobility 136 5.2.2 Session mobility 137 5.2.3 Mobility of service 137 5.2.4 Mobility of the terminal 137 5.2.5 Network mobility 139 5.2.6 Clarification for mobility terminology 139 5.3 Protocols for mobility management 139 5.3.1 Extension of DVB-RCS for mobility 140 5.3.2 Management by the network layer: mobile IP 141 5.3.3 Mobility management with session initiation protocols (SIPs) 156 5.4 Implementation of mobility solutions in hybrid systems 159 5.4.1 Specification of SIP mobility in a DVB-S2/RCS system 160 5.4.2 Theoretical evaluations and recommendations 165 5.5 SIP for mobility management and QoS for interactive applications 177 5.6 Evaluation of mobility solutions in a simulated DVB-S2/RCS architecture 179 5.6.1 Comparison of interruption times 180 5.6.2 Common cases 180 5.6.3 Specific cases 183 5.6.4 Problems related to overheads 184 5.7 Conclusion 185 Chapter 6. the Transport Layer in Hybrid Networks 187 6.1 Introduction 187 6.2 Performance enhancing proxies 189 6.2.1 Space communications protocol specifications 190 6.2.2 I-pep 193 6.2.3 Issues related to PEPs 196 6.3 TCP evolutions 198 6.3.1 TCP adaptations to the satellite environment 199 6.3.2 Options and mechanisms for TCP improvements 200 6.3.3 New TCP versions 202 6.3.4 Characteristics of the satellite connection 204 6.3.5 Impact on the transport layer 206 6.3.6 Conclusion 207 6.4 TCP performance in a geostationary network 208 6.4.1 Measurement and analysis methodology 208 6.4.2 The configuration of the system and measurements 208 6.5 TCP in a hybrid context 215 6.5.1 The impact of a hybrid network on the transport layer 215 6.5.2 Control of the adaptation of streams to the new network 216 6.5.3 TCP impacts for a break before make handover 217 6.5.4 TCP impacts for a make before break handover 217 6.5.5 The effect on TCP of the vertical handover with simultaneous variation of the bandwidth and delay 218 6.5.6 Conclusion 220 6.6 General conclusion 221 Conclusion 223 Bibliography 227 Index 235

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Book SynopsisBased on a convergence of network technologies, the Next Generation Network (NGN) is being deployed to carry high quality video and voice data. In fact, the convergence of network technologies has been driven by the converging needs of end-users.The perceived end-to-end quality is one of the main goals required by users that must be guaranteed by the network operators and the Internet Service Providers, through manufacturer equipment. This is referred to as the notion of Quality of Experience (QoE) and is becoming commonly used to represent user perception. The QoE is not a technical metric, but rather a concept consisting of all elements of a user's perception of the network services. The authors of this book focus on the idea of how to integrate the QoE into a control-command chain in order to construct an adaptive network system. More precisely, in the context of Content-Oriented Networks used to redesign the current Internet architecture to accommodate content-oriented applications and services, they aim to describe an end-to-end QoE model applied to a Content Distribution Network architecture. About the Authors Abdelhamid Mellouk is Full Professor at University of Paris-Est C-VdM (UPEC), Networks & Telecommunications (N&T) Department and LiSSi Laboratory, France. Head of several executive national and international positions, he was the founder of the Network Control Research activity at UPEC with extensive international academic and industrial collaborations. His general area of research is in adaptive real-time control for high-speed new generation dynamic wired/wireless networks in order to maintain acceptable Quality of Service/Experience for added-value services. He is an active member of the IEEE Communications Society and has held several offices including leadership positions in IEEE Communications Society Technical Committees.Said Hoceini is Associate Professor at University of Paris-Est C-VdM (UPEC), Networks & Telecommunications (N&T) Department and LiSSi Laboratory, France. His research focuses on routing algorithms, quality of service, quality of experience, and wireless sensor networks, as well as bio-inspired artificial intelligence approaches. His work has been published in several international conferences and journals and he serves on several TPCs.Hai Anh Tran is Associate Professor at the Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), Vietnam. His research focuses on QoE aspects, QoS adaptive control/command mechanisms, wired routing, as well as bio-inspired artificial intelligence approaches.Table of ContentsList of Figures ix Preface xiii Introduction xv Chapter 1 Network Control Based on Smart Communication Paradigm 1 1.1. Motivation 1 1.2. General framework 3 1.3. Main innovations 6 1.3.1. User perception metrics and affective computing 6 1.3.2. Knowledge dissemination 8 1.3.3. Bio-inspired approaches and control theory 9 1.4. Conclusion 10 Chapter 2 Quality of Experience 11 2.1. Motivation 11 2.2. QoE concept 12 2.3. Importance of QoE 14 2.4. QoE metrics 16 2.5. QoE measurement methods 20 2.6. QoS/QoE relationship 23 2.7. Impact of networking on QoE 26 2.7.1. Layered classification of impacts on QoE 26 2.7.2. Impact of user mobility on QoE 28 2.7.3. Impact of network resource utilization and management on QoE 29 2.7.4. Impact of billing and pricing 30 2.8. Conclusion 31 Chapter 3 Content Distribution Network 33 3.1. Motivation 33 3.2. Routing layer 36 3.2.1. Routing in telecommunication network 36 3.2.2. Classical routing algorithms 37 3.2.3. QoS-based routing 38 3.3. Meta-routing layer 42 3.3.1. Server placement 43 3.3.2. Cache organization 45 3.3.3. Server selection 47 3.4. Conclusion 49 Chapter 4 User-driven Routing Algorithm Application for CDN Flow 51 4.1. Introduction 51 4.2. Reinforcement learning and Q-routing 53 4.2.1. Mathematical model of reinforcement learning 56 4.2.2. Value functions 57 4.3. Q-learning 60 4.4. Q-routing 61 4.5. Related works and motivation 62 4.6. QQAR routing algorithm 63 4.6.1. Formal parametric model 64 4.6.2. QQAR algorithm 65 4.6.3. Learning process 68 4.6.4. Simple use case-based example of QQAR 71 4.6.5. Selection process 78 4.7. Experimental results 79 4.7.1. Simulation setup 79 4.7.2. Experimental setup 89 4.7.3. Average MOS score 90 4.7.4. Convergence time 97 4.7.5. Capacity of convergence and fault tolerance 100 4.7.6. Control overheads 102 4.7.7. Packet delivery ratio 103 4.8. Conclusion 104 Chapter 5 User-driven Server Selection Algorithm for CDN Architecture 105 5.1. Introduction 105 5.2. Multi-armed bandit formalization 108 5.2.1. MAB paradigm 108 5.2.2. Applications of MAB 112 5.2.3. Algorithms for MAB 113 5.3. Server selection schemes 119 5.4. Our proposal for QoE-based server selection method 122 5.4.1. Proposed server selection scheme 122 5.4.2. Proposed UCB1-based server selection algorithm 125 5.5. Experimental results 126 5.5.1. Simulation results 126 5.5.2. Real platform results 132 5.6. Acknowledgment 133 5.7. Conclusion 135 Conclusion 137 Bibliography 141 Index 155

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on signal processing algorithms based on the timefrequency domain. Original methods and algorithms are presented which are able to extract information from non-stationary signals such as heart sounds and power electric signals. The methods proposed focus on the time-frequency domain, and most notably the Stockwell Transform for the feature extraction process and to identify signatures. For the classification method, the Adaline Neural Network is used and compared with other common classifiers. Theory enhancement, original applications and concrete implementation on FPGA for real-time processing are also covered in this book.Table of ContentsPreface ix Chapter 1. The Need for Time–Frequency Analysis 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Stationary and non-stationary concepts 2 1.2.1. Stationarity 2 1.2.2. Non-stationarity 4 1.3. Temporal representations 5 1.4. Frequency representations of signals 6 1.4.1. Fourier transform 7 1.4.2. Mean frequency, bandwidth and frequency average 10 1.5. Uncertainty principle 12 1.6. Limitation of time analysis and frequency analysis: the need for time–frequency representation 15 1.6.1. Instantaneous frequency 15 1.7. Conclusion 18 1.8. Bibliography 19 Chapter 2. Time–Frequency Analysis: The S-Transform 21 2.1. Introduction 21 2.2. Synthetic signals 22 2.3. The STFT 22 2.4. The WT 24 2.5. The Wigner–Ville distribution 25 2.5.1. The pseudo-WVD 27 2.5.2. The smoothed PWVD 27 2.6. Cohen’s class 28 2.7. The S-transform 29 2.7.1. Properties of the S-transform 30 2.7.2. The discrete S-transform 38 2.7.3. The improvement of the S-transform energy concentration 41 2.7.4. The ST-spectrogram 51 2.8. Conclusion 56 2.9. Bibliography 56 Chapter 3. Segmentation and Classification of Heart Sounds Based on the S-Transform 61 3.1. Introduction 61 3.2. Methods and materials 64 3.2.1. Data sets 64 3.2.2. Localization and segmentation of heart sounds 65 3.2.3. Classification of heart sounds 70 3.3. Results and discussion 73 3.3.1. Localization and segmentation results 73 3.3.2. S1 and S2 classification results 77 3.3.3. Murmur detection results 80 3.4. Conclusion 82 3.5. Bibliography 83 Chapter 4. Adaline for the Detection of Electrical Events in Electrical Signals 87 4.1. Introduction 87 4.2. Electric events 88 4.2.1. Power quality 88 4.2.2. Electric events 89 4.3. Adaline 90 4.4. Adaline for frequency estimation 91 4.4.1. Adaline method 91 4.4.2. Results 94 4.5. Adaline for voltage component extraction in unbalanced system 97 4.5.1. Model of the unbalanced voltage system 98 4.5.2. Extraction of the voltage components in the DQ-space 99 4.5.3. Online estimation of the instantaneous phases θd and θi 100 4.5.4. Filtering the AC components in the DQ-space 101 4.5.5. Results 104 4.6. Adaline for harmonic current identification and compensation 108 4.6.1. Adaline method 110 4.6.2. Results 115 4.7. Conclusion 117 4.8. Bibliography 118 Chapter 5. FPGA Implementation of the Adaline 121 5.1. Introduction 121 5.2. Instantaneous power theory (IPT) in the APF 122 5.3. Adaline for the computing of the IPT in the PLL 123 5.3.1. Adaline-based PLL 123 5.3.2. A multiplexing approach for hardware consumption reduction 126 5.4. Results 129 5.4.1. Simulation 129 5.4.2. FPGA implementation results 130 5.5. Conclusion 132 5.6. Bibliography 133 Index 135

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Book SynopsisThe focus of this book is on "ill-posed inverse problems". These problems cannot be solved only on the basis of observed data. The building of solutions involves the recognition of other pieces of a priori information. These solutions are then specific to the pieces of information taken into account. Clarifying and taking these pieces of information into account is necessary for grasping the domain of validity and the field of application for the solutions built. For too long, the interest in these problems has remained very limited in the signal-image community. However, the community has since recognized that these matters are more interesting and they have become the subject of much greater enthusiasm. From the application field’s point of view, a significant part of the book is devoted to conventional subjects in the field of inversion: biological and medical imaging, astronomy, non-destructive evaluation, processing of video sequences, target tracking, sensor networks and digital communications. The variety of chapters is also clear, when we examine the acquisition modalities at stake: conventional modalities, such as tomography and NMR, visible or infrared optical imaging, or more recent modalities such as atomic force imaging and polarized light imaging.Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION xiJean-Francois GIOVANNELLI and Jerome IDIER CHAPTER 1. 3D RECONSTRUCTION IN X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY: APPROACH EXAMPLE FOR CLINICAL DATA PROCESSING 1Yves GOUSSARD 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Problem statement 2 1.3. Method 7 1.4. Results 15 1.5. Conclusion 26 1.6. Acknowledgments 27 1.7. Bibliography 28 CHAPTER 2. ANALYSIS OF FORCE-VOLUME IMAGES IN ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY USING SPARSE APPROXIMATION 31Charles SOUSSEN, David BRIE, Gregory FRANCIUS, Jerome IDIER 2.1. Introduction 31 2.2. Atomic force microscopy 32 2.3. Data processing in AFM spectroscopy 40 2.4. Sparse approximation algorithms 43 2.5. Real data processing 49 2.6. Conclusion 52 2.7. Bibliography 53 CHAPTER 3. POLARIMETRIC IMAGE RESTORATION BY NON-LOCAL MEANS 57Sylvain FAISAN, Francois ROUSSEAU, Christian HEINRICH, Jihad ZALLAT 3.1. Introduction 57 3.2. Light polarization and the Stokes–Mueller formalism 58 3.3. Estimation of the Stokes vectors 61 3.4. Results 72 3.5. Conclusion 77 3.6. Bibliography 78 CHAPTER 4. VIDEO PROCESSING AND REGULARIZED INVERSION METHODS 81Guy LE BESNERAIS, Frederic CHAMPAGNAT 4.1. Introduction 81 4.2. Three applications 82 4.3. Dense image registration 88 4.4. A few achievements based on direct formulation 92 4.5. Conclusion 104 4.6. Bibliography 106 CHAPTER 5. BAYESIAN APPROACH IN PERFORMANCE MODELING: APPLICATION TO SUPERRESOLUTION 109Frederic CHAMPAGNAT, Guy LE BESNERAIS, Caroline KULCSAR 5.1. Introduction 109 5.2. Performance modeling and Bayesian paradigm 111 5.3. Superresolution techniques behavior 113 5.4. Application examples 126 5.5. Real data processing 130 5.6. Conclusion 136 5.7. Bibliography 137 CHAPTER 6. LINE SPECTRA ESTIMATION FOR IRREGULARLY SAMPLED SIGNALS IN ASTROPHYSICS 141Sebastien BOURGUIGNON, Herve CARFANTAN 6.1. Introduction 141 6.2. Periodogram, irregular sampling, maximum likelihood 144 6.3. Line spectra models: spectral sparsity 146 6.4. Prewhitening, CLEAN and greedy approaches 151 6.5. Global approach and convex penalization 155 6.6. Probabilistic approach for sparsity 159 6.7. Conclusion 164 6.8. Bibliography 165 CHAPTER 7. JOINT DETECTION-ESTIMATION IN FUNCTIONAL MRI 169Philippe CIUCIU, Florence FORBES, Thomas VINCENT, Lotfi CHAARI 7.1. Introduction to functional neuroimaging 169 7.2. Joint detection-estimation of brain activity 171 7.3. Bayesian approach 178 7.4. Scheme for stochastic MCMC inference 183 7.5. Alternative variational inference scheme 184 7.6. Comparison of both types of solutions 190 7.7. Conclusion 194 7.8. Bibliography 195 CHAPTER 8. MCMC AND VARIATIONAL APPROACHES FOR BAYESIAN INVERSION IN DIFFRACTION IMAGING 201Hacheme AYASSO, Bernard DUCHENE, Ali MOHAMMAD-DJAFARI 8.1. Introduction 201 8.2. Measurement configuration 204 8.3. The forward model 206 8.4. Bayesian inversion approach 211 8.5. Results 220 8.6. Conclusions 220 8.7. Bibliography 222 CHAPTER 9. VARIATIONAL BAYESIAN APPROACH AND BI-MODEL FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION-SEPARATION OF ASTROPHYSICS COMPONENTS 225Thomas RODET, Aurelia FRAYSSE, Hacheme AYASSO 9.1. Introduction 225 9.2. Variational Bayesian methodology 228 9.3. Exponentiated gradient for variational Bayesian 229 9.4. Application: reconstruction-separation of astrophysical components 232 9.5. Implementation of the variational Bayesian approach 236 9.6. Results 240 9.7. Conclusion 246 9.8. Bibliography 246 CHAPTER 10. KERNEL VARIATIONAL APPROACH FOR TARGET TRACKING IN A WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK 251Hichem SNOUSSI, Paul HONEINE, Cedric RICHARD 10.1. Introduction 251 10.2. State of the art: limitations of existing methods 252 10.3. Model-less target tracking 254 10.4. Simulation results 261 10.5. Conclusion 264 10.6. Bibliography 264 CHAPTER 11. ENTROPIES AND ENTROPIC CRITERIA 267Jean-Francois BERCHER 11.1. Introduction 267 11.2. Some entropies in information theory 268 11.3. Source coding with escort distributions and Renyi bounds 273 11.4. A simple transition model 277 11.5. Minimization of the Renyi divergence and associated entropies 281 11.6. Bibliography 289 LIST OF AUTHORS 293 INDEX 297

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Book SynopsisThis fully revised and updated second edition presents the most important theoretical aspects of Image and Signal Processing (ISP) for both deterministic and random signals. The theory is supported by exercises and computer simulations relating to real applications. More than 200 programs and functions are provided in the MATLAB language, with useful comments and guidance, to enable numerical experiments to be carried out, thus allowing readers to develop a deeper understanding of both the theoretical and practical aspects of this subject. This fully revised new edition updates : the introduction to MATLAB programs and functions as well as the Graphically displaying results for 2D displays. Calibration fundamentals for Discrete Time Signals and Sampling in Deterministic signals. image processing by modifying the contrast. also added are examples and exercises. Table of ContentsForeword 11 Notations and Abbreviations 15 Introduction to MATLAB 19 1 Variables and contstants 22 2 Operations and functions 29 3 Programming structures 37 4 Graphically displaying results 39 5 Converting numbers to character strings 47 6 Input/output 47 7 Program writing 48 Part I Deterministic Signals 53 Chapter 1 Signal Fundamentals 55 Chapter 2 Discrete Time signals and Sampling 65 Chapter 3 Spectral Observation 95 Chapter 4 Linear Filters 115 Chapter 5 An Introduction to Image Processing 175 Part II Random Signals 241 Chapter 6 Random Variables 243 Chapter 7 Random Processes 271 Chapter 8 Spectra Estimation 313 Chapter 9 The Least Squares Method 349 Part III Appendices 397 Chapter 10 Hints and Solutions 399 Chaprter 11 Appendix 479 Bibliography 485 Index 489

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Book SynopsisIn a fast changing global economy governed by Enterprise Services and the Future Internet, enterprises and virtual factories will self-organize in distributed, interoperable, innovation Ecosystems where the issues of Enterprise Interoperability need to be solved in a multi-view of information, services and processes throughout Enterprise Networks. The book constitutes the proceedings of five workshops co- located with the Fifth IFIP Working Conference IWEI 2013. It contains the presented peer reviewed papers and summaries of the workshop discussions. Complementing the IWEI Conference program, the workshops aimed at exploiting new issues, challenges and solutions for Enterprise Interoperability and Manufacturing Eco Systems. The scope of the workshops spanned over a range of interoperability issues in Service Science and innovation, Model Driven Service Engineering Architectures, Service Modelling Languages, reference ontology for manufacturing , Case studies and tools particularly for SMEs, Business – IT alignment and related Standardization. Contents 1 – Model Driven Services Engineering Architecture (MDSEA): A Result of MSEE Project An Architecture for Service Modelling in Servitization Context: MDSEA, Y. Ducq. A Set of Templates for MDSEA, D. Chen. 2 – Interoperability to Support Business–IT Alignment Report Workshop 2, I.-S. Fan, V. Taratoukhine, M. Matzner. Interoperability as a Catalyst for Business Innovation, J.H.P. Eloff, M.M. Eloff, M.T. Dlamini, E. Ngassam, D. Ras. Process-Oriented Business Modeling – An Application in the Printing Industry, A. Malsbender, K. Ortbach, R. Plattfaut, M. Voigt, B. Niehaves. A Comparative Study of Modelling Methodologies Using a Concept of Process Consistency, E. Babkin, E. Potapova, Y. Zelenova. Maintenance Support throughout the Life-Cycle of High Value Manufacturing Products. Interoperability Issues, A. Fedotova, V. Taratoukhine, Y. Kupriyanov. Using Enterprise Architecture to Align Business Intelligence Initiatives, I.-S. Fan, S. Warner. Towards Enterprise Architecture Using Solution Architecture Models, V. Agievich, R. Gimranov, V. Taratoukhine, J. Becker. 3 – Standardisation for Interoperability in the Service-Oriented Enterprise Report Workshop 3, M. Zelm, D. Chen. Standardisation in Manufacturing Service Engineering, M. Zelm, G. Doumeingts. Service Modelling Language and Potentials for a New Standard, D. Chen. An Approach to Standardise a Service Life Cycle Management, M. Freitag, D. Kremer, M. Hirsch, M. Zelm. Open Business Model, Process and Service Innovation with VDML and ServiceML, A. J. Berre, H. De Man, Y. Lew, B. Elvesæter, B.M. Ursin-Holm. Reference Ontologies for Manufacturing, R. Young, N. Hastilow, M. Imran, N. Chungoora, Z. Usman, A.-F. Cutting-Decelle. Standardisation Tools for Negotiating Interoperability Solutions, T. Santos, C. Coutinho, A. Cretan, M. Beca, R. Jardim-Goncalves. 4 – Case Studies on Enterprise Interoperability: How IT Managers Profit from EI Research Report Workshop 4, S. Kassel. Experiences of Transferring Approaches of Interoperability into SMEs, F. Gruner, S. Kassel. 5 – Selected New Applications of Enterprise Interoperability . 179 Report Workshop 5, L. Ferreira Pires, P. Johnson. Service-Oriented Enterprise Interoperability in Logistics, W. Hofman. An Ontological Approach to Logistics, L. Daniele, L. Ferreira Pires. Social Vision of Collaboration of Organizations on a Cloud Platform, A. Montarnal, W. Mu, F. Bénaben, A.-M. Barthe-Delanoë, J. Lamothe. Semantic Standards Quality Measured for Achieving Enterprise Interoperability: The Case of the SETU Standard for Flexible Staffing, E. Folmer, H. Wu. Requirements Formalization for Systems Engineering: An Approach for Interoperability Analysis in Collaborative Process Model, S. Mallek, N. Daclin, V. Chapurlat, B. Vallespir.Table of ContentsForeword ix VAN SINDEREN Workshop 1 – Model Driven Services Engineering Architecture (MDSEA): A Result of MSEE Project 1 An Architecture for Service Modelling in Servitization Context: MDSEA 3 Y. DUCQ A Set of Templates for MDSEA 21 D. CHEN Workshop 2 – Interoperability to Support Business–IT Alignment 29 Report Workshop 2 31 I.-S. FAN, V. TARATOUKHINE, M. MATZNER Interoperability as a Catalyst for Business Innovation 33 J.H.P. ELOFF, M.M. ELOFF, M.T. DLAMINI, E. NGASSAM, D. RAS Process-Oriented Business Modeling – An Application in the Printing Industry 47 A. MALSBENDER, K. ORTBACH, R. PLATTFAUT, M. VOIGT, B. NIEHAVES A Comparative Study of Modelling Methodologies Using a Concept of Process Consistency 55 E. BABKIN, E. POTAPOVA, Y. ZELENOVA Maintenance Support throughout the Life-Cycle of High Value Manufacturing Products. Interoperability Issues 69 A. FEDOTOVA, V. TARATOUKHINE, Y. KUPRIYANOV Using Enterprise Architecture to Align Business Intelligence Initiatives 79 I.-S. FAN, S. WARNER Towards Enterprise Architecture Using Solution Architecture Models 89 V. AGIEVICH, R. GIMRANOV, V. TARATOUKHINE, J. BECKER Workshop 3 – Standardisation for Interoperability in the Service-Oriented Enterprise 95 Report Workshop 3 97 M. ZELM, D. CHEN Standardisation in Manufacturing Service Engineering 99 M. ZELM, G. DOUMEINGTS Service Modelling Language and Potentials for a New Standard 107 D. CHEN An Approach to Standardise a Service Life Cycle Management 115 M. FREITAG, D. KREMER, M. HIRSCH, M. ZELM Open Business Model, Process and Service Innovation with VDML and ServiceML 127 A.J. BERRE, H. DE MAN, Y LEW, B. ELVESÆTER, B.M. URSIN-HOLM Reference Ontologies for Manufacturing 143 R. YOUNG, N. HASTILOW, M. IMRAN, N. CHUNGOORA, Z. USMAN, A.-F. CUTTING-DECELLE Standardisation Tools for Negotiating Interoperability Solutions 153 T. SANTOS, C. COUTINHO, A. CRETAN, M. BECA, R. JARDIM-GONCALVES Workshop 4 – Case Studies on Enterprise Interoperability: How IT Managers Profit from EI Research 167 Report Workshop 4 169 S. KASSEL Experiences of Transferring Approaches of Interoperability into SMEs 173 F. GRUNER, S. KASSEL Workshop 5 – Selected New Applications of Enterprise Interoperability 179 Report Workshop 5 181 L. FERREIRA PIRES, P. JOHNSON Service-Oriented Enterprise Interoperability in Logistics 185 W. HOFMAN An Ontological Approach to Logistics 199 L. DANIELE, L. FERREIRA PIRES Social Vision of Collaboration of Organizations on a Cloud Platform 215 A. MONTARNAL, W. MU, F. BÉNABEN, A.-M. BARTHE-DELANOË, J. LAMOTHE Semantic Standards Quality Measured for Achieving Enterprise Interoperability: The Case of the SETU Standard for Flexible Staffing 227 E. FOLMER, H. WU Requirements Formalization for Systems Engineering: An Approach for Interoperability Analysis in Collaborative Process Model 243 S. MALLEK, N. DACLIN, V. CHAPURLAT, B. VALLESPIR Index of Authors 259

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Book SynopsisVehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) play a key role to develop Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) aiming to achieve road safety and to guaranty needs of drivers and passengers, in addition to improve the transportation productivity. One of the most important challenges of this kind of networks is the data routing between VANET nodes which should be routed with high level of Quality of Service (QoS) to ensure receiving messages in the time. Then, the driver can take the appropriate decision to improve the road safety. In the literature, there are several routing protocols for VANETs which are more or less reliable to reach safety requirements. In this book, we start by describing all VANET basic concepts such as VANET definition, VANET versus Mobile ad-Hoc Network (MANET), architectures, routing definition and steps, Quality of Service (QoS) for VANET Routing, Metrics of evaluation, Experimentation, and simulation of VANETs, mobility patterns of VANET etc. Moreover, different routing protocols for routing in VANETs will be described. We propose two main categories to be presented: classical routing and bio-inspired routing. Concerning classical VANET, main principles and all phases will be overviewed, as well as, their two sub-categories which are topological and geographical protocols. After that, we propose a new category called bio-inspired routing which is inspired by natural phenomenon such as Ant colony, Bee life, Genetic operators etc. We present also, some referential protocols as example of each category. In this book, we focus on the idea of how to apply bio-inspired principle into VANET routing to improve road safety, and to ensure QoS of vehicular applications.Table of ContentsPREFACE ix INTRODUCTION xi ACRONYMS AND NOTATIONS xv CHAPTER 1. VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORKS 1 1.1. VANET definition, characteristics and applications1 1.1.1. Definition of vehicular ad hoc network1 1.1.2. Characteristics of vehicular ad hoc networks 2 1.1.3. Applications of vehicular ad hoc networks 5 1.2. VANET architectures 7 1.2.1. Vehicular WLAN/cellular architecture 7 1.2.2. Pure ad hoc architecture 8 1.2.3. Hybrid architecture 9 1.3. Mobility models 9 1.3.1. Random-based mobility models 10 1.3.2. Geographic map-based mobility models 12 1.3.3. Group-based mobility 14 1.3.4. Prediction-based mobility models 17 1.3.5. Software-tools-based mobility models 20 1.4. VANET challenges and issues 21 1.4.1. VANET routing 21 1.4.2. Vehicular network scalability 22 1.4.3. Computational complexity in VANET networking 22 1.4.4. Routing robustness and self-organization in vehicular networks 23 1.4.5. Vehicular network security 23 1.5. Bibliography 23 CHAPTER 2. ROUTING FOR VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORKS 29 2.1. Basic concepts 29 2.1.1. Single-hop versus multi-hop beaconing in VANETs 29 2.1.2. Routing classification of VANETs 31 2.2. Quality-of-service of VANET routing 35 2.2.1. Quality-of-service definition 35 2.2.2. Quality-of-service criteria 36 2.3. VANET routing standards 37 2.3.1. Dedicated short range communication 38 2.3.2. Standards for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) 40 2.3.3. VANET standards related to routing layers 42 2.3.4. Other VANET routing standards 44 2.4. VANET routing challenges and issues 45 2.4.1. Dynamics nature of VANETs (mobility pattern and vehicles’ velocity) 45 2.4.2. Vehicular network density and scalability 46 2.4.3. Safety improvement and quality-of-service 46 2.5. Bibliography 47 CHAPTER 3. CONVENTIONAL ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR VANETS 51 3.1. Topology-based routing 51 3.1.1. Reactive routing protocols 52 3.1.2. Proactive routing protocols 55 3.1.3. Hybrid routing protocols 57 3.1.4. Critics of topology-based routing 58 3.2. Geography-based routing 59 3.2.1. Geography-based routing principle 59 3.2.2. Geography-based routing protocols 59 3.2.3. Critics of geography-based routing 67 3.3. Cluster-based routing 68 3.3.1. Cluster-based routing principle 68 3.3.2. Cluster-based routing protocols 69 3.3.3. Critics of cluster-based routing 73 3.4. Bibliography 73 CHAPTER 4. BIO-INSPIRED ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR VANETS 79 4.1. Motivations for using bio-inspired approaches in VANET routing 80 4.1.1. Network scalability 80 4.1.2. Computational complexity 80 4.1.3. Self-organization and adaptability 81 4.1.4. Routing robustness 81 4.2. Fundamental concepts and operations of bio-inspired VANET routing 82 4.2.1. Optimization problem definition 82 4.2.2. Search space (SSp) 83 4.2.3. Objective function 83 4.2.4. Population 84 4.2.5. Individual encoding 84 4.2.6. Initialization 84 4.2.7. Stopping criterion 85 4.3. Basic bio-inspired algorithms used in VANET routing literature 85 4.3.1. Genetic algorithm 86 4.3.2. Ant colony optimization 89 4.3.3. Particle swarm optimization 90 4.3.4. Bees life algorithm 92 4.3.5. Bacterial foraging optimization 93 4.4. Evolutionary algorithms for VANET routing 95 4.4.1. Sequential genetic algorithms for VANET routing 95 4.4.2. Parallel genetic algorithms for VANET routing 100 4.5. Swarm intelligence for VANET routing 101 4.5.1. Ant colony optimization for VANET routing 102 4.5.2. Particle swarm optimization for VANET routing 106 4.5.3. Bee colony optimization for VANET routing 108 4.5.4. Bacterial foraging optimization for VANET routing 110 4.6. Another bio-inspired approach for VANET routing 112 4.7. Bibliography 113 CONCLUSION 121 INDEX 125

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Book SynopsisNowadays, the Internet has become an irreplaceable tool, feeding us information about new innovations and the evolution of the markets relating to all human activities. What the Internet lacks, though, is a guiding narrative thread, which is crucial to understand the evolution from old technologies into the technologies available today, and to benefit from the commentary which could elucidate that process of evolution. In spite of its inherent richness, no encyclopedia can constitute the one and only referential information source. The actors involved also have the right to be heard: all those who have devoted their working lives to the collective effort of edifying networks can, of course, present their personal views about the evolution of the world of telecommunications, and thus provide invaluable testimony to companies in this area who can make use of it. It is that approach which is adopted in this book. Whilst the primary objective of this book is to encourage SMEs to use digital technologies, and help them to organize with that goal in mind, it has proved necessary to describe the transformations currently under way in the field of networks, and to outline the efforts to obtain a competitive edge in terms of clerical applications, compare the various techniques that are available for high data rate communications, and touch upon the advent of the "Internet of Things", cloud computing and various new multimedia technologies. All in all, this book should help companies – particularly SMEs – to garner overall information about the current movement in the area of networking, and assist them in putting in place and managing their own communications systems.Table of ContentsForeword xv Introduction xvii Chapter 1. Fundamentals 1 1.1. Different kinds of network 1 1.1.1. Classic definitions 1 1.1.2. National networks and international connections 3 1.1.3. Network exploiters and operators 5 1.1.4. Economic role of MVNOs and VNO 8 1.1.5. Public and private networks 8 1.1.6. Fixed and radio networks 9 1.1.7. Main operators worldwide 10 1.1.8. Pan-European network project 11 1.1.9. Single European hub for telecoms regulation 12 1.1.10. Pooling of network infrastructures 12 1.1.11. Energy consumption of telecoms systems 12 1.2. Financial aspects relating to networks 13 1.2.1. Economic studies in telecommunications 13 1.2.2. Cost price 14 1.2.3. Financial mechanisms involved 15 1.2.4. Cost of networks and operator charges 16 1.2.5. The hidden income source for long-standing network operators 16 1.3. Historical overview of the communications market 17 1.3.1. Industry in France 17 1.3.2. Components, past and present 19 1.3.3. Tomorrow’s components 20 1.3.4. History of network operators 23 1.3.5. Financing of networks 24 1.3.6. National and international legislation 24 1.4. Networking techniques 25 1.4.1. Analog vs. digital 25 1.4.2. Circuit-switching 27 1.4.3. Data packet switching and the Internet 28 1.4.4. Intelligent networks and NGNs 30 1.4.5. Range and availability of networks 30 1.4.6. Confidentiality 31 1.5. Choices available to companies in a changing world 32 1.5.1. SMEs faced with ICT 32 1.5.2. SMEs faced with the choice of a connection 33 1.5.3. Factors in choosing a connection for a company 33 1.6. Summary 34 Chapter 2. Communication Techniques 35 2.1. Transmission parameters 35 2.1.1. Frequency ranges in transmission 36 2.1.2. Attenuation 37 2.1.3. Phase, jitter and latency 38 2.1.4. Noise and crosstalk 38 2.1.5. Synchronization 39 2.1.6. Echoes 39 2.1.7. Micro-cuts 39 2.1.8. Error rate on binary elements 39 2.2. Modulation and encoding 39 2.2.1. Main types of modulation 39 2.2.2. Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) 40 2.2.3. Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) 40 2.2.4. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) 41 2.2.5. Source encoding and channel encoding 41 2.2.6. Error management 43 2.3. Switching 44 2.4. Signaling in networks 46 2.5. Protocols and data exploitation 47 2.5.1. Information to be transmitted 47 2.5.2. Exploitation of digital connections 48 2.5.3. Modes of communication 48 2.5.4. Data rate of a digital connection 51 2.6. The “OSI model” 52 2.6.1. Definition of communication protocols 52 2.6.2. Principle of the OSI model 53 2.6.3. The seven layers of the OSI model 54 2.6.4. Evolution of the OSI model 55 2.6.5. Information Communication Architecture (ICA) 56 2.6.6. Layers 1 and 2 in WANs 57 2.6.7. Layer 3 in WANs 58 2.6.8. The TCP/IP and UDP/IP combination 59 2.6.9. Data encapsulation 62 2.6.10. Network protocols associated with IP 64 2.7. Local Area Network (LAN) 67 2.7.1. PBX and LAN 67 2.7.2. Functions of PBX 67 2.7.3. LAN 68 2.7.4. Structure of Local Area Networks 69 2.7.5. Construction of a private local area network 69 2.7.6. Organization of an LAN 70 2.7.7. Audio Video Bridging 71 2.7.8. Main protocols in LANs 71 2.8. Public data networks (Wide-Area Networks – WANs) 75 2.8.1. Functional characteristics 75 2.8.2. Telecomputing over PSTN 76 2.8.3. WAN protocols 77 2.8.4. Routers 78 2.8.5. The access network and the WAN 79 2.9. Network management 79 2.10. Summary 80 Chapter 3. Transmission Supports 81 3.1. Description of supports 81 3.1.1. Two-wire or quad-wire metal cables 81 3.1.2. Coaxial cables 82 3.1.3. Fiber-optic 82 3.1.4. Wireless systems 83 3.1.5. Audio-video connections 84 3.2. Digital wireless access systems 85 3.2.1. Public 2G and 3G wireless systems 85 3.2.2. LTE, WiMAX and 4G 88 3.2.3. Wi-Fi networks 95 3.2.4. Small-cell network (SCN, microcells) 97 3.2.5. Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) 100 3.2.6. Software-Defined Networks – SDN and SUN 101 3.2.7. SONs (Self-Organizing Networks) 102 3.2.8. TETRA and PMR 103 3.2.9. RAN – Cellular Backhaul Links 103 3.2.10. Dedicated satellite Internet network 105 3.3. ADSL systems 105 3.4. Power-Line Communications (PLC) 107 3.5. Composite access networks 107 3.5.1. Shared fiber and divided fibers: FTTx 107 3.5.2. Connection with a single optical fiber 109 3.5.3. Combination of fiber and metal wire pairs – PONs 110 3.5.4. Hybrid fiber and coaxial (HFC) 111 3.5.5. Combinations of fiber and wireless systems 112 3.5.6. VPN using IP or Ethernet 112 3.6. Specific network structures 113 3.6.1. The IPX Architecture from GSMA 113 3.6.2. Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) 115 3.7. Reminder of the possible data rates 115 3.7.1. Long-distance digital connections 115 3.7.2. Digital connections in the access network 116 3.7.3. Overview of high data rate services 116 3.8. Regulations to be observed by operators 117 Chapter 4. Networking Protocols 119 4.1. Problems needing to be resolved 119 4.1.1. The double-edged duality of networks 119 4.1.2. Diversity of terminals 120 4.1.3. Proliferation of applications 121 4.1.4. Increased volume of traffic 121 4.1.5. The constant feeling of insecurity 122 4.2. Circuit-switching and network intelligence 123 4.2.1. PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) 123 4.2.2. ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) 125 4.2.3. Circuit-switching 126 4.2.4. The “intelligent network” (1980) 128 4.3. Packet-Switched Data Network (PSDN) 129 4.3.1. PSDN: packets and datagrams 129 4.3.2. Addressing in IPv4 130 4.3.3. Addressing in IPv6 131 4.3.4. Mutation from IPv4 to IPv6 131 4.3.5. Adoption of IPv6 132 4.3.6. The Long Walk to IPv6 134 4.4. NGNs and IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) 136 4.4.1. Definitions 136 4.4.2. Principle of IMS 137 4.4.3. Characteristics of IMS 140 4.4.4. SIP (protocol) 142 4.4.5. Long-distance SIP (SIP Trunking) 143 4.4.6. Discord regarding SIP Trunking 144 4.4.7. Diameter 144 4.5. Virtualization 145 4.5.1. Network Function Virtualization 145 4.5.2. Virtualization in companies 147 4.5.3. Virtualization and fault localization 148 4.6. Network security 149 4.6.1. The five major points of security 149 4.6.2. Attacks on the network 150 4.6.3. Computer attacks 151 4.6.4. Cyber-espionage 153 4.6.5. Securing of exchanges 154 4.6.6. Vulnerabilities of mobile terminals 155 4.6.7. Virtual Private Networks and security 156 4.7. Conclusion 158 Chapter 5. Voice Service and Messaging 159 5.1. Criteria of quality for voice signals 159 5.2.Voice interface 160 5.2.1. Analog technique 160 5.2.2. Digital technique 161 5.2.3. Digitization of voice signals 162 5.2.4. PBX 162 5.2.5. Special PBXs 163 5.3. VoIP and ToIP 164 5.3.1. Compression of voice signals and use of a protocol 164 5.3.2. Justification for VoIP 165 5.3.3. HD Voice Communications 165 5.4. Clerical works 166 5.4.1. Collaborative communications 166 5.4.2. Technologies today 167 5.4.3. Terminology surrounding the various services 169 5.4.4. Rich Communication Suite (RCS) 171 5.4.5. LTE and associated services 172 5.4.6. IPX (IP eXchange) structure 177 5.4.7. VoIP on cloud (Hosted VoIP) 180 5.4.8. Examples of professional messaging services 181 5.4.9. Telephony and messaging via the Internet 181 5.4.10. WebRTC 183 5.4.11. WebRTC and DTMF 185 5.4.12. The end of the legacy telephone network (12 June 2018) 186 5.4.13. Difficulties and barriers 187 5.5. Exploitation of messaging 189 5.5.1. Short Message Service 189 5.5.2. Competition in the area of SMS 190 5.5.3. Stealth SMS 190 5.5.4. MMS 190 5.5.5. SMS traffic 191 5.6. Communications with the emergency services 191 5.6.1. Principles 191 5.6.2. Mass notification system (MNS) 192 5.6.3. Roadside Assistance Service 192 5.7. Conclusion 193 Chapter 6. Data Applications 195 6.1. Multimedia services 195 6.2. Digital Signage 197 6.2.1. Definitions 197 6.2.2. Fields of application 197 6.2.3. Examples of the messages displayed 198 6.2.4. Digital signage technologies 198 6.2.5. Associated networks 199 6.2.6. Feedback 199 6.2.7. Application in tele-teaching 200 6.2.8. Standardization 200 6.2.9. Commercial aspects 201 6.3. Identification technologies 202 6.3.1. Identification of persons 202 6.3.2. Conventional codes 203 6.3.3. RFID 204 6.3.4. Near Field Communication (NFC) 205 6.3.5. QR Code (Quick Response) and Flash code 205 6.4. Image services 206 6.4.1. Still images 206 6.4.2. Animated images 207 6.4.3. Distribution of videos or movies 209 6.4.4. Videoconferencing 209 6.4.5. Image quality 210 6.5. Conclusion 211 Chapter 7. The internet and the NGN 213 7.1. Creation and principles of NGNs 213 7.1.1. Historical overview 213 7.1.2. General features 214 7.1.3. Founding organizations involved 215 7.1.4. Technical description 217 7.1.5. Addressing on the Internet 217 7.1.6. Internet statistics 219 7.1.7. Management of the Internet 219 7.1.8. The NGNs under study at the ITU 220 7.2. Usual applications on the Internet 222 7.2.1. Original applications 222 7.2.2. Mobile Internet access 225 7.2.3. Online news services 225 7.2.4. Remote payment 228 7.2.5. Online games 231 7.3. Developments currently under way 232 7.3.1. Extension of Web applications 232 7.3.2. Crowd sourcing 236 7.3.3. The personal digital revolution 236 7.3.4. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) 236 7.3.5. Technological breakthroughs 238 7.4. Cloud computing 239 7.4.1. Principle of cloud computing 239 7.4.2. Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing 240 7.4.3. Commercial aspects of cloud computing 241 7.4.4. Critical view of cloud computing 241 7.5. Big Data 242 7.6. The Internet of Things (IoT) and M2M 243 7.6.1. Definitions 243 7.6.2. Intended applications 244 7.6.3. Networks and protocols 245 7.6.4. Research currently under way 246 7.6.5. Weak points of the IoT 247 7.7. Social networks and social media 247 7.7.1. Definitions 247 7.7.2. Examples of social networks 248 7.7.3. Social networks and business 250 7.7.4. Social networks for the local area 252 7.7.5. Fragility of social networks 253 7.7.6. Threats 253 7.8. Principles of charging 255 7.8.1. Fixed-rate contracts or rates based on costs 255 7.8.2. Imbalance in terms of remuneration in the value chain 255 7.8.3. Cost of a terminal and price of applications 257 7.8.4. Profitability of networks 258 7.9. The weaknesses of the NGN/Internet construction 259 7.9.1. Lack of security 259 7.9.2. Variability of QoS 261 7.9.3. Protection of personal data 262 7.9.4. Intellectual property rights on the Internet 262 7.9.5. Lack of an authoritative decision-making body 263 7.9.6. Network neutrality, and Net neutrality 266 7.9.7. The need for a technical readjustment 268 7.9.8. Judgments about the role of the Internet 269 7.10. Where is the NGN heading to? 271 7.10.1. The strategy of the future Internet 271 7.10.2. Internet governance as seen from the outside world 272 7.10.3. Research projects 273 7.10.4. The Internet in developing countries 275 7.10.5. The situation in 2014 276 7.10.6. Scission of the Internet 279 7.11. Conclusion 280 Chapter 8. Choices For Businesses 281 8.1. Analysis of the need for communication 282 8.1.1. Internal communication 282 8.1.2. External communication 282 8.1.3. General recommendations 286 8.1.4. Sociology of telecoms 286 8.2. ICTs in SMEs 288 8.2.1. E-mails 288 8.2.2. Collaborative tools 290 8.2.3. Social networks 290 8.2.4. New digital tools 291 8.2.5. Internet in business 292 8.2.6. Cyber security 292 8.2.7. In search of a metric with which to qualify the digital economy 294 8.3. Technological evolution and associated costs 296 8.3.1. Requirements in terms of data rate 296 8.3.2. Consumer protection 298 8.3.3. Business 3.0 299 8.3.4. Emergencies and technological redundancy 299 8.3.5. The “communication” bill for a company 300 8.4. Security in SMEs 301 8.4.1. Mobile terminals 301 8.4.2. Security of exchanges 302 8.4.3. Passwords and practices to be avoided 303 8.4.4. Terminal takeover 304 8.4.5. USB keys (personal or company property?) 308 8.4.6. Third-party Wi-Fi access 308 8.4.7. Digital security charters 311 8.4.8. VPN and Proxy 311 8.5. Best practices 312 8.5.1. Fragility of NGNs 312 8.5.2. The inevitable transformation of companies to digital 313 8.5.3. Establishment of social networks in business 313 8.5.4. Cloud computing and business 315 8.5.5. Construction of a company Website 315 8.5.6. Mail order selling in the digital age 317 8.5.7. Video for business 319 8.5.8. Management of the company’s information system 321 8.5.9. Network management and management of communication tools 321 8.5.10. Power supply to the terminals 322 8.5.11. Importance of the IT director 323 8.6. References regarding cyber security 324 8.7. A few organizations operating in good security practices 325 8.7.1. Entities with French jurisdiction 325 8.7.2. Entities with international jurisdiction 326 8.8. Conclusion 328 Overview and Conclusions 329 Appendix 343 Glossary 359 Bibliography 367 Index 371

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with air-ground aeronautical communications. The main goal is to give the reader a survey of the currently deployed, emerging and future communications systems dedicated to digital data communications between the aircraft and the ground, namely the data link. Those communication systems show specific properties relatively to those commonly used for terrestrial communications. In this book, the system architectures are more specifically considered from the access to the application layers as radio and physical functionalities have already been addressed in detail in others books. The first part is an introduction to aeronautical communications, their specific concepts, properties, requirements and terminology. The second part presents the currently used systems for air ground communications in continental and oceanic area. The third part enlightens the reader on the emerging and future communication systems and some leading research projects focused on this scope. Finally, before the conclusion, the fourth part gives several main challenges and research directions currently under investigation.Table of ContentsFOREWORD ix INTRODUCTION xiii CHAPTER 1. CURRENT COMMUNICATION RADIO SYSTEMS FOR DATA LINK 1 1.1. History and definition 1 1.1.1. From voice to data link 1 1.1.2. Communication traffic classes 3 1.1.3. Main actors and organizations 5 1.2. Systems architecture 8 1.2.1. ACARS 8 1.2.2. FANS 1/A 11 1.2.3. ATN baseline 1 and FANS 2/B 13 1.3. Radio subnetworks for air–ground communications 21 1.3.1. Radio resource management 21 1.3.2. VHF communications 25 1.3.3. SATCOM 34 1.3.4. HF communications 44 CHAPTER 2. EMERGING AND FUTURE COMMUNICATION RADIO SYSTEMS FOR DATA LINK 49 2.1. Data link related research projects 49 2.1.1. Topics of interest 49 2.1.2. European project: SESAR 52 2.1.3. North American project: NextGen 55 2.1.4. Designing emerging communication systems for data link (for both SESAR WP and NextGen technologies) 56 2.2. Emerging communication systems 57 2.2.1. Integrated end-to-end communication architecture 57 2.2.2. Future aeronautical communication systems 59 CHAPTER 3. CHALLENGES AND RESEARCH DIRECTIONS 79 3.1. Sharing information: the SWIM concept 79 3.1.1. Why does ATM need SWIM? 79 3.1.2. SWIM principles 81 3.1.3. SWIM technical components 81 3.2. Multilink operational concept 83 3.2.1. Multilink operational concept requirements 83 3.2.2. Vertical handover in MLOC 84 3.3. IP mobility 87 3.3.1. IP mobility requirements for the FCI 88 3.3.2. IP mobility candidate solutions 88 3.3.3. IP mobility: open issues 89 3.4. Traffic segregation 90 3.4.1. Context 90 3.4.2. Traffic segregation and priority management strategies 91 3.4.3. Certification issues for multiplexing solutions (from a safety point of view) 93 3.5. Aeronautical network communications security 94 3.5.1. Levels of deployment for security mechanisms 95 3.5.2. Security controls coordination 98 3.6. Future aeronautical communication means: AANET (Aeronautical Ad Hoc Network) 100 3.6.1. AANET-based air/ground communications 100 3.6.2. AANET principles and properties 101 3.6.3. AANET access layer considerations 104 3.6.4. AANET communications performances 106 CONCLUSION 109 APPENDIX 113 BIBLIOGRAPHY 121 INDEX 127

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Book SynopsisMathematical Imaging is currently a rapidly growing field in applied mathematics, with an increasing need for theoretical mathematics. This book, the second of two volumes, emphasizes the role of mathematics as a rigorous basis for imaging sciences. It provides a comprehensive and convenient overview of the key mathematical concepts, notions, tools and frameworks involved in the various fields of gray-tone and binary image processing and analysis, by proposing a large, but coherent, set of symbols and notations, a complete list of subjects and a detailed bibliography. It establishes a bridge between the pure and applied mathematical disciplines, and the processing and analysis of gray-tone and binary images. It is accessible to readers who have neither extensive mathematical training, nor peer knowledge in Image Processing and Analysis. It is a self-contained book focusing on the mathematical notions, concepts, operations, structures, and frameworks that are beyond or involved in Image Processing and Analysis. The notations are simplified as far as possible in order to be more explicative and consistent throughout the book and the mathematical aspects are systematically discussed in the image processing and analysis context, through practical examples or concrete illustrations. Conversely, the discussed applicative issues allow the role of mathematics to be highlighted. Written for a broad audience – students, mathematicians, image processing and analysis specialists, as well as other scientists and practitioners – the author hopes that readers will find their own way of using the book, thus providing a mathematical companion that can help mathematicians become more familiar with image processing and analysis, and likewise, image processing and image analysis scientists, researchers and engineers gain a deeper understanding of mathematical notions and concepts.Table of ContentsPreface xvii Introduction xxv Part 5 Twelve Main Geometrical Frameworks for Binary Images 1 Chapter 21 The Set-Theoretic Framework 3 Chapter 22 The Topological Framework 9 Chapter 23 The Euclidean Geometric Framework 23 Chapter 24 The Convex Geometric Framework 37 Chapter 25 the Morphological Geometric Framework 47 Chapter 26 The Geometric and Topological Framework 57 Chapter 27 The Measure-Theoretic Geometric Framework 71 Chapter 28 The Integral Geometric Framework 89 Chapter 29 The Differential Geometric Framework 111 Chapter 30 The Variational Geometric Framework 129 Chapter 31 The Stochastic Geometric Framework 135 Chapter 32 The Stereological Framework 159 Part 6 Four Specific Geometrical Framework for Binary Images 177 Chapter 33 The Granulometric Geometric Framework 179 Chapter 34 The Morphometric Geometric Framework 189 Chapter 35 The Fractal Geometric Framework 211 Chapter 36 The Textural Geometric Framework 229 Part 7 Four 'Hybrid' Framework for Gray-Tone and Binary Images 241 Chapter 37 The Interpolative Framework 243 Chapter 38 The Bounded-Variation Framework 253 Chapter 39 The Level Set Framework 269 Chapter 40 The Distance-Map Framework 281 Concluding Discussion and Perspectives 295 Appendices 301 Tables of Notations and Symbols 303 Table of Acronyms 341 Table of Latin Phrases 347 Bibliography 349 Index of Authors 435 Index of Subjects 445

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Book SynopsisRandom SALOHA and CSMA protocols that are used to access MAC in ad hoc networks are very small compared to the multiple and spontaneous use of the transmission channel. So they have low immunity to the problems of packet collisions. Indeed, the transmission time is the critical factor in the operation of such networks. The simulations demonstrate the positive impact of erasure codes on the throughput of the transmission in ad hoc networks. However, the network still suffers from the intermittency and volatility of its efficiency throughout its operation, and it switches quickly to the saturation zone. In this context, game theory has demonstrated his ability to lead the network to a more efficient equilibrium. This, we were led to propose our model code set that formalizes the behavior of nodes during transmission within SALOHA networks and CSMA respectively.Table of ContentsFOREWORD ix INTRODUCTION xi LIST OF ACRONYMS xv CHAPTER 1. AD HOC NETWORKS: STUDY AND DISCUSSION OF PERFORMANCE 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Concepts specific to ad hoc networks 2 1.2.1. Topology 2 1.2.2. Connectivity 3 1.2.3. Mobility 4 1.2.4. Networks: wireless mesh network (WMN), wireless sensor networks (WSN) and mobile ad hoc network (MANET) 5 1.2.5. Routing 7 1.2.6. Weak security 9 1.2.7. Access to the environment 9 1.3. MAC protocols in mobile ad hoc networks 10 1.3.1. ALOHA 10 1.3.2. CSMA 15 1.4. Energy consumption in ad hoc networks 25 1.4.1. Energy overconsumption and/or waste 28 1.4.2. Toward more efficient energy consumption 30 1.5. Conclusion 34 CHAPTER 2. GAME THEORY AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 35 2.1. Introduction 35 2.2. Introductory concepts in game theory 38 2.2.1. Game 38 2.2.2. Player 38 2.2.3. Strategy (pure and mixed) 39 2.2.4. Utility 40 2.2.5. General classification of games 41 2.2.6. Equilibrium 44 2.3. Nash equilibrium 46 2.3.1. Definition 46 2.3.2. Existence 47 2.3.3. Uniqueness 50 2.3.4. Specific cases 51 2.4. Famous games 52 2.4.1. The prisoner’s dilemma 52 2.4.2. Cournot duopoly 53 2.5. Applications to wireless networks 55 2.5.1. Routing game 56 2.5.2. Power control game 58 2.6. Conclusion 60 CHAPTER 3. GAMES IN SALOHA NETWORKS 61 3.1. Introduction 61 3.2. Functioning of the SALOHA algorithm 64 3.2.1. Study of stability 68 3.2.2. Transmission time 72 3.3. Modeling of node behavior in SALOHA with a strategic coding game 73 3.3.1. Issues 73 3.3.2. RS erasure codes 75 3.3.3. The impact of erasure encoding on SALOHA 79 3.3.4. Description of game model 80 3.3.5. Study of utility 83 3.3.6. Discussion of equilibrium 84 3.4. SALOHA network performance at Nash equilibrium 86 3.4.1. Coding cost 86 3.4.2. Loss rate 87 3.4.3. Output 88 3.4.4. Stability 90 3.4.5. Transmission time 91 3.5. Conclusion 92 CHAPTER 4. GAMES IN CSMA NETWORKS 93 4.1. Introduction 93 4.2. CMSA performance 95 4.3. Sources of problems in CSMA networks 99 4.4. Modeling of node behavior in CSMA using a strategic coding game 100 4.4.1. Game model analysis 100 4.4.2. Utility function 101 4.4.3. Discussion of equilibrium 103 4.5. CSMA performances at equilibrium 105 4.5.1. Coding/decoding price (cost) 105 4.5.2. Output 106 4.5.3. Transmission time 108 4.5.4. Energy optimization at equilibrium 109 4.6. Conclusion 110 CONCLUSION 113 BIBLIOGRAPHY 119 INDEX 139

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Book SynopsisLTE (Long Term Evolution) is commonly marketed as 4G. LTE and LTE Advanced have been recognized by ITU-R and ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union – Telecommunications) as the principal solution for the future mobile communication networks standards. They are thus the framework of what the marketing calls 4G and possibly also 5G. This book describes various aspects of LTE as well as the change of paradigm, which it is bringing to mobile communications, focusing on LTE standards and architecture, OFDMA, the Full IP Core Network and LTE security.Table of ContentsLIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF TABLES xiii INTRODUCTION xv CHAPTER 1. LTE ROLL-OUT 1 1.1. LTE air interface superior features 1 1.1.1. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) for the downlink 1 1.1.2. Single-carrier frequency division multiple access for uplink 1 1.1.3. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission 2 1.1.4. Support for component carrier 10 1.1.5. Relaying 11 1.2. LTE FDD, TDD and TD-LTE duplex schemes 13 1.2.1. Duplex schemes 14 1.2.2. LTE TDD/TD-LTE and TD-SCDMA 17 1.2.3. FDD LTE frequency band allocations 18 1.2.4. Allocated frequency bands in Europe, multiband operation 19 1.2.5. TDD LTE frequency band allocations 21 1.3. LTE UE category and class definitions 22 1.3.1. LTE UE category rationale 22 1.3.2. LTE UE category definitions 23 1.4. Interferences in OFDMA 25 1.5. Radio propagation software 35 1.6. Macrocells, microcells and femtocells 37 1.6.1. Macrocells 37 1.6.2. Femtocells 38 1.6.3. Remote radio heads 40 1.6.4. Heterogeneous network 40 1.7. Backhaul 40 1.7.1. The unified backhau l41 1.7.2. Future of Ethernet backhau l42 1.7.3. UMTS IP NodeB transport over converged packet network 44 1.7.4. LTE/EPC transport over converged packet network 49 1.8. Frequency planning 66 1.9. Compatibility with DTT 67 1.10. Health effects 68 1.10.1. Physical facts 69 1.10.2. Specific energy absorption rate 72 1.10.3. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection 73 1.10.4. Measurements of SAR, experimental studies 75 1.10.5. Comparison of SAR caused by different devices 77 1.10.6. Safety limits – towers 80 1.11. Appendix 1: radio dimensioning and planning exercises (courtesy of Emmanuelle Vivier) 81 1.12. Appendix 2: relaying the radio links 84 1.13. Appendix 3: LTE-Advanced: requirements 88 CHAPTER 2. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 91 2.1. Introduction 91 2.2. Load tests 93 2.2.1. Dimensioning of network elements to smoothly carry the traffic 93 2.2.2. Dimensioning of signaling channels 94 2.2.3. Load tests on signaling channels 101 2.3. Use of protocol analyzer: example of MAPS system 102 2.3.1. Background 102 2.3.2. Overview 102 2.3.3. Main features 103 2.3.4. Supported protocol standards 104 2.3.5. Test configuration 105 2.3.6. Call generation 106 2.3.7. Call reception 106 2.3.8. Bulk call simulation 108 2.3.9. Customization of call flow and messages using preprocessing tools 108 2.3.10. Call flow and script execution control 109 2.3.11. Call statistics, events, link status 109 2.4. Appendix: TS of SA5 working group of 3GPP TSG SA 110 CHAPTER 3. OTT SERVICES 151 3.1. Introduction 151 3.1.1. Impact of the technology 151 3.1.2. OTT applications 153 3.1.3. OTT over LTE 153 3.1.4. New services opened by the high-speed Internet generalization 154 3.2. Technical view of OTT services 155 3.2.1. OTT technology 155 3.2.2. Testing OTT performances 161 3.3. OTT services challenging TV telecommunication services 162 3.3.1. Instant messaging business 163 3.3.2. Television and video OTT services 165 3.3.3. Apple TV (source: Wikipedia) 167 3.3.4. Netflix, the 2014 OTT champion 169 3.3.5. “OTT services” provided by the network operators 170 3.3.6. The carrier: neutral or responsible? 171 3.4. OTT services other than television 173 3.4.1. Dedicated services 173 3.4.2. LBS: positioning and GPS-driven applications 174 3.5. Open applications versus verticalization 177 3.5.1. The Apple model 177 CONCLUSION 179 BIBLIOGRAPHY 191 INDEX 193

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Book SynopsisNowadays approximately 6 billion people use a mobile phone and they now take a central position within our daily lives. The 1990s saw a tremendous increase in the use of wireless systems and the democratization of this means of communication. To allow the communication of millions of phones, computers and, more recently, tablets to be connected, millions of access points and base station antennas have been extensively deployed. Small cells and the Internet of Things with the billions of connected objects will reinforce this trend. This growing use of wireless communications has been accompanied by a perception of risk to the public from exposure to radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF). To address this concern, biomedical research has been conducted. It has also been important to develop and improve dosimetry methods and protocols that could be used to evaluate EMF exposure and check compliance with health limits. To achieve this, much effort has was made in the 1990s and 2000s. Experimental and numerical methods, including statistical methods, have been developed. This book provides an overview and description of the basic and advanced methods that have been developed for human RF exposure assessment. It covers experimental, numerical, deterministic and stochastic methods.Table of ContentsPreface vii Chapter 1. Human RF Exposure and Communication Systems 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Metric and limits relative to human exposure 3 1.3 European standards and regulation framework 36 1.4 Conclusion 39 Chapter 2. Computational Electromagnetics Applied to Human Exposure Assessment 41 2.1 Introduction 41 2.2 Finite difference in time domain to solve the Maxwell equations 42 2.3 FDTD and human exposure assessment 71 2.4 RF exposure assessment 103 2.5 Conclusion 117 Chapter 3. Stochastic Dosimetry 119 3.1 Motivations 119 3.2 The challenge of variability for numerical dosimetry 120 3.3 Stochastic dosimetry and polynomial chaos expansion 122 3.4 PC and numerical dosimetry 125 3.5 Calculation of the PC coefficients 131 3.6 Design of experiments 135 3.7 Predictive model validation 140 3.8 Surrogate modeling for dosimetry 142 3.9 SA and signature of the PC 150 3.10 Parsimonious quintile estimation 155 3.11 Conclusion 155 Conclusion 157 Bibliography 159 Index 179

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses the move towards quantum communications, in light of the recent technological developments on photonic crystals and their potential applications in systems. The authors present the state of the art on extensive quantum communications, the first part of the book being dedicated to the relevant theory; quantum gates such as Deutsch gates, Toffoli gates and Dedekind gates are reviewed with regards to their feasibility as electronic circuits and their implementation in systems, and a comparison is performed in parallel with conventional circuits such as FPGAs and DSPs. The specifics of quantum communication are also revealed through the entanglement and Bell states, and mathematical and physical aspects of quantum optical fibers and photonic crystals are considered in order to optimize the quantum transmissions. These concepts are linked with relevant, practical examples in the second part of the book, which presents six integrated applications for quantum communications.Table of ContentsForeword xi Preface xiii Introduction xv List of Acronyms xix Part 1 Theory 1 Chapter 1 Non-linear Signal Processing 3 Chapter 2 Non-Gaussian Processes 15 Chapter 3 Sparse Signals and Compressed Sensing 23 Chapter 4 The Fourier Transform 29 Chapter 5 The Contribution of Arithmetic to Signal Processing 35 Chapter 6 Riemannian Geometry and Signal Processing 41 Part 2 Applications 49 Chapter 7 MIMO Systems 51 Chapter 8 Minimizing Interferences in DS-CDMA Systems 71 Chapter 9 STAP Radar 99 Chapter 10 Tracking Radar (Using the Dempster-Shafer Theory) 121 Chapter 11 InSAR Radar 139 Chapter 12 Telecommunications Networks 153 Conclusion 173 Bibliography 177 Index 197

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Book SynopsisIn an increasingly interconnected world, "Communication Networks Economy" provides the rational understanding necessary to provide universal access to communication means in an efficient way. This book presents the principal elements of the economics of a network as it stands today, taking into account experiences of technicians in the field. The author gives a simplified picture of the current situation in terms of structures and architecture of a network, bearing in mind the necessary quality of service and the profitability of investments, accompanied by references to recent economic works. An overview is given on the general themes of regulation and tariff principles, and the relations between supply and demand, from the perspectives of professional and residential users and network operators. Different aspects of the present situations of networks and the incidence of the Internet on the economy are also presented. In conclusion, the reader will obtain an overview of the most significant issues likely to influence the economics of communications networks as they are today.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Chapter 1. The Challenges of Building a Network 1 1.1. Construction of a national network 1 1.2. Security of network operations 5 1.3. State communications network 10 1.4. System for connecting network users 11 1.5. The search for regulations and network growth 11 1.6. Land use planning 23 1.7. So-called "network" laws 26 1.8. Usage metrics for digital technology 27 1.9. Conclusions 28 Chapter 2. Network Structure and Architecture 29 2.1. Analog and digital 29 2.2. Distribution network 34 2.3. Long-distance connections 49 2.4. Next-generation networks 50 2.5. Internet 53 2.6. Digital network terminals 66 2.7. Internet applications 69 2.8. Overview of network connections 80 2.9. Network management staff 81 2.10. Assessments considered by network operators 84 Chapter 3. Communications Services Regulations 87 3.1. The international regulatory framework 87 3.2. The European regulatory framework 97 3.3. Main French authorities involved 100 3.4. 1980s tariff principles 102 3.5. 1990s reform 109 3.6. Tariff principles in force in 2016 110 3.7. Pricing practices 117 Chapter 4. Supply and Demand in Communications 125 4.1. Providers and customers 125 4.2. Obligations of network operators 136 4.3. Remote payments 148 4.4. "P2P" exchanges 156 4.5. Remote computing 162 4.6. Features of the digital economy 164 Chapter 5. The Impact of the Internet on the Economy 169 5.1. Network operators and the new economic order 169 5.2. The Internet’s original provisions 180 5.3. The new economy 196 5.4. Longevity of network services 205 5.5. The Internet and politics 214 5.6. Experts faced with the future of the Internet 220 Chapter 6. The Economy and the Future of the Internet 231 6.1. Building a national network 231 6.2. Internet network structures 232 6.3. Network regulations and pricing systems 233 6.4. The issue of supply and demand 233 6.5. The Internet and the economy 234 6.6. An Internet of optimists 236 Appendices 239 Appendix 1. GNP, GNI and GDP 241 Appendix 2. Potential Harmfulness of Radio Waves 245 Appendix 3. ICT and Telecommunications: Sustainable Development 247 Appendix 4. Variation in "Working Day" Telephone Traffic in 1970 249 Appendix 5. Hourly Variation in National Phone Tariffs (1985) 251 Appendix 6. Measuring the Information Society (11 October 2012) – ITU 253 Appendix 7. The Development of SIM Cards 255 Appendix 8. List of Recommendations from ITU-T Study Group 3 257 Appendix 9. The Cost of Capital 263 Appendix 10. NGN and the Internet in Figures 265 Appendix 11. Standardization of Mobile Financial Services (Extract – ITU-T, February 2016) 271 Appendix 12. The Internet's Flaws (Vint Cerf) 273 Bibliography 275 Glossary 281 Index 287

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Book SynopsisQuantum Communications in New Telecommunications Systems Computers are quickly making the transition from silicon towards miniaturization, which now risks reaching its limits as dictated by the laws of physics. Quantum communications are the answer to post-silicon computers. The main applications for quantum communications in the domain of telecommunications are beginning to appear, with some commercial applications already on the market. This book explores the technological advances in quantum communications with a special focus on telecommunications systems. The authors provide a comprehensive state of the art on quantum communications and quantum signal processing. The reader will learn about the advantages, current applications and future prospects of quantum technology.Trade Review"This book explores the technological advances in quantum communications, with a special focus on telecommunications systems. It includes three main sections— a comprehensive review of the state of the art in quantum communications, an analysis of current and future circuitry, and quantum signal processing ... The book has an excellent conclusion and can be used as a rich research resource suitable for graduate students as well as researchers in the field." Optics and Photonics News website, 2017Table of ContentsForeword ix Preface xi Introduction xiii Chapter 1. The State of the Art in Quantum Communications 1 1.1. Quantum mechanics as a generalized probability theory 1 1.2. Contextuality 3 1.3. Indeterminism and contextuality 3 1.4. Contextuality and hidden variables 4 1.5. Non-locality and contextuality 5 1.6. Bell states 6 1.7. Violation of the Leggett–Garg inequality 7 1.8. Violation of the Bell inequality 8 1.9. EPR paradox 8 Chapter 2. Concepts in Communications 13 2.1. Quantum limits 13 2.2. Qubits 15 2.3. Qudit and qutrit 20 2.3.1. Qudit 20 2.3.2. Qutrit 23 2.4. Pauli matrices 24 2.4.1. Definition 24 2.4.2. Properties of these matrices 25 2.5. Decoherence 26 2.6. Entanglement 28 Chapter 3. Quantum Signal Processing 31 3.1. Wigner distribution 32 3.2. Quantum Fourier transform 34 3.3. Gauss sums in a quantum context 36 3.4. Geometry for quantum processing 37 Chapter 4. Quantum Circuits 41 4.1. Reversible logic 41 4.1.1. Physical reversibility 41 4.2. Reversible circuits 42 4.2.1. Reversible calculation models 42 4.2.2. Reversibility in quantum calculation 43 4.3. Quantum gates 44 4.3.1. Hadamard gate 44 4.3.2. Pauli-X gate 45 4.3.3. Pauli-Y gate 45 4.3.4. Pauli-Z gate 46 4.3.5. Swap gate 46 4.4. Toffoli gate 47 4.5. Deutsch gate 48 4.6. Quantum dots 49 4.7. QCA 52 Chapter 5. Optical Fibers and Solitons 53 5.1. Introduction 53 5.2. Optical fibers 54 5.2.1. The fiber’s parameters 55 5.2.2. Birefringence in optical fibers 58 5.2.3. Dispersion in optical fibers 58 5.3. Soliton solutions for differential equations 60 5.3.1. Introduction 60 5.3.2. Nonlinear Schrodinger equation 61 5.3.3. Focusing soliton oscillations 63 5.3.4. Wave packet autostriction (modulation instability) 65 5.3.5. Evolution of the initial disturbance 69 5.4. Conclusion 73 Chapter 6. Photonic Crystals 75 6.1. General introduction 75 6.2.1. Photonic crystals with one dimension (Bragg network) 77 6.2.2. Band diagram 80 6.2.3. Maps of forbidden bands 81 6.3. Three-dimensional photonic crystals 82 6.4. Filters and multiplexors 82 6.5. Add-drop filters 83 6.6. Digital methods for photonic crystal analysis 84 6.6.1. Introduction 84 6.6.2. Modeling periodic dielectric structures 85 6.6.3. FDTD method 85 6.6.4. Available digital tools 86 6.7. Conclusion 88 Chapter 7. ROADM 89 7.1. Technological advances 89 7.2. “Router”-type filter 90 Chapter 8. WDM 95 8.1. Operating principle 95 8.2. Using WDM systems 96 8.3. DWDM networks 98 Chapter 9. Quantum Algorithms 99 Chapter 10. Applications 101 10.1. Laser satellites 101 10.1.1. The Doppler effect in inter-satellite laser communications 102 10.1.2. Modeling the Doppler effect in inter-satellite laser communications 103 10.1.3. Calculation software 108 10.1.4. Calculation software 108 Chapter 11. Quantum Cryptography 121 11.1. Cloning photons 123 11.2. Quantum cryptography 123 11.2.1. Introduction 123 11.2.2. Methodology 124 11.2.3. Results and discussion 126 11.2.4. Conclusion 129 11.3. Solutions to the practical limits of quantum cryptography 130 11.3.1. Introduction 130 11.3.2. Theoretical considerations 130 11.3.3. Practical considerations 131 11.3.4. Quantum noise 132 11.3.5. The QBER in quantum transmissions 133 11.3.6. Error correction methods in quantum cryptography 138 11.3.7. The correcting code for error correction in BB84 140 11.3.8. Time coding for error correction in BB84 142 11.3.9. Conclusion 144 11.4. Quantum error correcting codes 145 11.4.1. Introduction 145 11.4.2. Classical error correcting code 145 11.4.3. Quantum error correcting code 148 11.4.4. The time coding method for error correction: application in BB84 157 11.4.5. Correction of time code errors using the repetition method 158 11.4.6. Conclusion 161 Conclusion 163 Bibliography 167 Index 179

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a scholarly forum for researchers both in academia and industry from a wide range of application areas of smart cities and smart technologies to share their research findings. This book presents contributions on emerging approaches and case studies including future technological trends and challenges. This book is intended for researchers and companies in several areas such as transportation, computer science, and electrical engineering, among others. The book is composed of extended versions of selected papers from the 1st International Conference on Smart Cities and Smart Technologies (MIC-Smart 2019), 7-9 June 2019 Istanbul Turkey. Presents research from a wide range of application areas into smart cities and smart technologies; Includes topics such as smart devices, smart grid, and smart transportation and vehicles; Composed of extended versions of selected papers from the 1st International Conference on Smart Cities and Smart Technologies (MIC-Smart 2019). Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Smart Cities.- Smart Technologies.- Smart Devices.- Smart Grid.- Smart Transportation and Vehicles.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook covers security controls and management. It is for courses in cyber security education that follow National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) work roles and framework that adopt the Competency-Based Education (CBE) method. The book follows the CBE general framework, meaning each chapter contains three sections, knowledge and questions, and skills/labs for skills and sbilities. The author makes an explicit balance between knowledge and skills material in information security, giving readers immediate applicable skills. The book is divided into several parts, including: Information Assurance / Encryption; Information Systems Security Management; Information Systems / Network Security; Information Technology Management; IT Management; and IT Risk Management.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Information Assurance / Encryption.- Information Systems Security Management.- IT Risk and Security Management.- Criminal Law.- Network Management.- Risk Management.- Software Management.- System Administration.- System Architecture.- Threat Analysis.- Training, Education, and Awareness.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis revised textbook motivates and illustrates the techniques of applied probability by applications in electrical engineering and computer science (EECS). The author presents information processing and communication systems that use algorithms based on probabilistic models and techniques, including web searches, digital links, speech recognition, GPS, route planning, recommendation systems, classification, and estimation. He then explains how these applications work and, along the way, provides the readers with the understanding of the key concepts and methods of applied probability. Python labs enable the readers to experiment and consolidate their understanding. The book includes homework, solutions, and Jupyter notebooks. This edition includes new topics such as Boosting, Multi-armed bandits, statistical tests, social networks, queuing networks, and neural networks. For ancillaries related to this book, including examples of Python demos and also Python labs used in Berkeley, please email Mary James at mary.james@springer.com. This is an open access book. Table of ContentsChapter 1. Page Rank - A.- Chapter 2. Page Rank - B.- Chapter 3. Multiplexing - A.- Chapter 4. Multiplexing - B.- Chapter 5. Networks - A.- Chapter 6. Networks - B.- Chapter 7. Digital Link - A.- Chapter 8. Digital Link - B.- Chapter 9. Tracking - A.- Chapter 10. Tracking - B.- Chapter 11. Speech Recognition - A.- Chapter 12. Speech Recognition - B.- Chapter 13. Route planning - A.- Chapter 14. Route Planning - B.- chapter 15. Perspective & Complements.- A. Elementary Probability.- B. Basic Probability.- . Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book brings together the latest research in smart sensors technology and exposes the reader to myriad industrial applications that this technology has enabled. The book emphasizes several topics in the area of smart sensors in industrial real-world applications. The contributions in this book give a broader view on the usage of smart sensor devices covering a wide range of interdisciplinary areas like Intelligent Transport Systems, Healthcare, Agriculture, Drone communications and Security.By presenting an insight into Smart Sensors for Industrial IoT, this book directs the readers to explore the utility and advancement in smart sensors and their applications into numerous research fields. Lastly, the book aims to reach through a mass number of industry experts, researchers, scientists, engineers, and practitioners and help them guide and evolve to advance research practices.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Section 1: Industrial Internet of things (IIoT).- Introduction to Industrial Internet of things (IIoT).- IIoT Architecture.- IIoT Key Technologies .- IIoT Use Cases.- Section 2: Smart Sensors for IIoT.- How Smart? – Role of Smart Sensors in IIoT.- Challenges to IIoT Smart Sensor Manufacturing and Deployment.- Section 3: IIoT Smart.- Sensors and Business Aspects.- Smart Sensor IIoT Businesses.- Predictive Analytics with Sensor Data.- Efficient Business Predictions .- Section 4: IIoT Smart Sensors Potential and Applications.- Potential and Importance of Smart Sensors for IIoT.- Real-World Applications of Smart Sensor IIoT.- Section 5: IIoT Smart Sensor Case Studies.- Connected Vehicles – Intelligent Transport Systems.- Internet of Drones.- Precision Farming/Agriculture.- Healthcare.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the tools for analyzing data in Python: different types of filters are introduced and explained, such as FIR-, IIR- and morphological filters, as well as their application to one- and two-dimensional data. The required mathematics are kept to a minimum, and numerous examples and working Python programs are included for a quick start. The goal of the book is to enable also novice users to choose appropriate methods and to complete real-world tasks such as differentiation, integration, and smoothing of time series, or simple edge detection in images. An introductory section provides help and tips for getting Python installed and configured on your computer. More advanced chapters provide a practical introduction to the Fourier transform and its applications such as sound processing, as well as to the solution of equations of motion with the Laplace transform. A brief excursion into machine learning shows the powerful tools that are available with Python. This book also provides tips for an efficient programming work flow: from the use of a debugger for finding mistakes, code-versioning with git to avoid the loss of working programs, to the construction of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for the visualization of data. Working, well-documented Python solutions are included for all exercises, and IPython/Jupyter notebooks provide additional help to get people started and outlooks for the interested reader.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Python.- Data Input.- Data Display.- Data Filtering.- Event- and Feature-Finding.- Statistics.- Parameter Fitting.- Spectral Signal Analysis.- Solving Equations of Motion.- Machine Learning.- Useful Programming Tools.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers planning and maintenance of digital power line carrier (DPLC) channels along high voltage 35-750 kV alternate current power lines, providing readers with an introduction to the relevant industry standards, structure, and construction of DPLC equipment. Coverage includes DPLC equipment use in digital transmitting systems, including digital modulation and coding, channel equalization, and echo cancelling; DPLC multiplexing systems and network elements; different characteristics of high voltage power lines as media for high frequency PLC signals transmission; and planning of DPLC channels. Practicing engineers and researchers involved in the development, design, and application of high voltage power line carrier channels, as well as students studying communications and electric power grids, will find this book to be a valuable reference guide.Table of Contents1) Introduction2) Modems of DPLC Equipment3) Multiplexers and network elements of DPLC equipment4) Features of frequency characteristics of the HF paths5) DPLC channels design issues

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Book SynopsisThis textbook grew out of notes for the ECE143 Programming for Data Analysis class that the author has been teaching at University of California, San Diego, which is a requirement for both graduate and undergraduate degrees in Machine Learning and Data Science. This book is ideal for readers with some Python programming experience. The book covers key language concepts that must be understood to program effectively, especially for data analysis applications. Certain low-level language features are discussed in detail, especially Python memory management and data structures. Using Python effectively means taking advantage of its vast ecosystem. The book discusses Python package management and how to use third-party modules as well as how to structure your own Python modules. The section on object-oriented programming explains features of the language that facilitate common programming patterns.After developing the key Python language features, the book moves on to third-party modules that are foundational for effective data analysis, starting with Numpy. The book develops key Numpy concepts and discusses internal Numpy array data structures and memory usage. Then, the author moves onto Pandas and details its many features for data processing and alignment. Because strong visualizations are important for communicating data analysis, key modules such as Matplotlib are developed in detail, along with web-based options such as Bokeh, Holoviews, Altair, and Plotly.The text is sprinkled with many tricks-of-the-trade that help avoid common pitfalls. The author explains the internal logic embodied in the Python language so that readers can get into the Python mindset and make better design choices in their codes, which is especially helpful for newcomers to both Python and data analysis. To get the most out of this book, open a Python interpreter and type along with the many code samples.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Basic Language.- Basic Data Structures.- Basic Programming.- File Input/Output.- Dealing with Errors.- Power Python Features to Master.- Advanced Language Features.- Using modules.- Object oriented programming.- Debugging from Python.- Using Numpy – Numerical Arrays in Python.- Data Visualization Using Python.- Bokeh for Web-based Visualization.- Getting Started with Pandas.- Some Useful Python-Fu.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents applications of cognitive management and cognitive computing in the fields of risk management, cognitive fraud detection, and in business decision making. The book provides insights on how cognitive management and cognitive computing enable businesses to quickly augment human intelligence and help humans perform tasks better. For example, the authors describe how by analyzing patterns in big data, small data, and "dark data," cognitive technologies can detect human behavior and suggest options for personalizing of products and services. The book studies companies in industries such as automotive, airline, health care, retail, wealth management, and litigation who have adopted these approaches. Presents applications of cognitive computing and cognitive management used in augmenting and empowering business decisions; Shows how to employ the Internet of Things in businesses using a cognitive management framework; Discusses technical aspects and alternatives to traditional tools, algorithms, and methodologies in cognitive computing. Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Cognitive Management.- Applications of Cognitive Computing for risk management.- Managing organizational mind by cognitive management.- Cognitive Managerial Approach towards Employee Participation in Management.- Role of Cognitive Computing in Business and Management.- The cognitive approach to Entrepreneurship.- Empowering the Internet of Things using Cognitive Management Framework.- Social Cognitive Theory in Multidisciplinary research.- Convergence of Cognitive Management and Cognitive Computing in the information society context.- Cognitive Computing and Knowledge Management.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis book reviews the convergence technologies like cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare and how they can help all stakeholders in the healthcare sector. The book is a proficient guide on the relationship between AI, IoT and healthcare and gives examples into how IoT is changing all aspects of the healthcare industry. Topics include remote patient monitoring, the telemedicine ecosystem, pattern imaging analytics using AI, disease identification and diagnosis using AI, robotic surgery, prediction of epidemic outbreaks, and more. The contributors include applications and case studies across all areas of computational intelligence in healthcare data. The authors also include workflow in IoT-enabled healthcare technologies and explore privacy and security issues in healthcare-based IoT.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Remote Patient Monitoring Using IoT, Cloud Computing and AI.- The Internet of M-Health Things (m-IoT).- Healthcare Data Storage Options Using Cloud.- Cloud-based telemedicine ecosystem and adoption of AI.- The benefits and risks of Integrating IoT, AI in cloud services for healthcare.- Pattern Imaging Analytics using Artificial Intelligence techniques.- Identifying Diseases and Diagnosis using Artificial Intelligence.- Robotic Surgery.- Personalized Treatment with the help of IoT Artificial Intelligence and cloud.- Predicting Epidemic Outbreaks using IoT Artificial Intelligence and Cloud.- Crowd sourced Data Collection.- Maintaining Healthcare Records using Cloud storage.- Privacy and Security issues in health care based IoT.- IoT Healthcare Applications.- Applications of AI, IoT and Cloud computing in battling COVID-19.- Intelligent Health Informatics for Handling the COVID-19 Situation.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThe textbook acquaints the reader with the architecture of receivers of analog and digital radio systems, helps to study the stages of designing a modern radio receiver and reveals the reasons and methods for its effective operation in networks for various purposes. Particular attention is paid to the methods of generating and processing signals in the receivers of digital systems with multiple access, which make it possible to provide data transfer rates close to the maximum possible (according to Shannon). As a textbook for students studying methods of optimal signal reception, the book will also be useful to specialists in the field of telecommunications involved in the development of radio receivers. The book shows how the development of theoretical, circuitry and integrated technologies led to the active introduction of algorithmic methods for signal processing changed both the design of receivers and the methods of forming the information flow in free space (MIMO, beamforming). The creation of a global 5G network based on heterogeneous networks puts forward new requirements for the architecture of receivers, which are determined by the requirements to achieve high data rates, low time delays or use in networks with coordinated multipoint transmission and reception (CoMP). To consolidate the knowledge gained, the book includes a complete set of materials for online classes, including questions and answers, a guide to solving problems for each chapter, and computer modeling units of receivers in the MicroCAP environment, based on preliminary calculations.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Radio Systems and Radio Signals.- Chapter 2. Systems and Networks of Wireless Communications.- Chapter 3. Architectures of Modern Radio Receivers.- Chapter 4. Noise Immunity of Radio Receivers.- Chapter 5. Technical Indicators of Devices for Radio Signal Reception and Processing.- Chapter 6. The MicroCAP12 System for Circuit Modeling.

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Book SynopsisThis book outlines the recent advancements in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and addresses how useful it is in achieving truly sustainable solutions. The book also serves as a useful reference literature in developing sustainable engineering solutions to various social and techno-commercial issues of global significance. This book is organized into two sections: section 1 is focused on fundamentals and principles of AI to lay the groundwork for the second section. Section 2 explores the sustainable engineering solutions development using AI, which addresses challenges in various computing techniques and opportunities in engineering design for sustainable development using IoT/AI and smart cities. Applications include waste minimization, re-manufacturing, reuse and recycling technologies using IoT/AI, Industry 4.0, intelligent and smart grid systems, energy conservation using technology, and robotic process automation (RPA). The book is ideal for the engineers, researchers and students interested in how AI can aid in sustainable development applications.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare.- IoT for Modern Life.- Artificial Intelligence in Multimedia Technology.- Artificial Intelligence in Security and Surveillance.- Artificial Intelligence in Big Data Analytics.- Communication Technologies.- Machine Learning and Computing.- Optimizations using Deep learning.- Engineering design for sustainable development using IOT/AI.- Intelligent and Smart Grid Systems.- Energy conservation using AI Technology.- Smart Cities.- Industry 4.0.- Robotic Process Automation.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides in depth knowledge about critical factors involved in the success of pervasive healthcare. The book first presents critical components and importance of pervasive healthcare. The authors then give insight into the pervasive healthcare information systems and key consideration related to remote patient monitoring and safety. The book provides in-depth discussion about the security issues and protocols for pervasive healthcare. This book explores concepts and techniques behind the successive pervasive healthcare systems by providing in-depth knowledge about patient empowerment, remote patient monitoring, network establishment and protocols for effective pervasive healthcare. The book also provides case studies in the field. It is an ideal resource for researchers, students and healthcare organizations to get insight about the state of the art in pervasive healthcare systems. Provides current research, developments, and applications in pervasive healthcare; Includes technologies such as machine learning, cryptography, fog computing, and big data in the advancement of e-healthcare; Pertinent for researchers, students, practitioners and healthcare decision makers. Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Hybrid Machine Learning Techniques for Reliability and Security of Healthcare IoT Data.- Cryptographic Operations and Approaches for Privacy of IoT Data in healthcare.- Standards and Approaches for use of Blockchain Technology in Pervasive Healthcare.- Prediction of REM sleep behaviour disorder using EEG signal applied EMG 1 EMG 2 channel.- Healthcare Assisted by Fog Computing for Secure Data Transmission in Healthcare IoTs.- Experimental approaches for prediction of breast cancer diseases using clustering concepts.- Incident reporting system for Pervasive Healthcare.- Blockchain Application for Healthcare record management.- Applying Machine Learning Approach for Disease prediction.- Mobile system for remote patient monitoring.- Securing Pervasive Healthcare system.- Remote Patient Monitoring: Benefits, Applications and Issues.- Self-reporting in Pervasive Healthcare.- Role of Big Data Analytics in Pervasive Healthcare.- ML Techniques for remote patient activity monitoring.- Trust Management in Pervasive Healthcare.- Disease Detection using Android App.- Application of computer assisted machine learning based techniques in detecting neurological disorders.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a proficient guide to understanding artificial intelligence (IoT) and the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) in healthcare. The book provides a comprehensive study on the applications of AI and IoT in various medical domains. The book shows how the implementation of innovative solutions in healthcare is beneficial, and IoT, together with AI, are strong drivers of the digital transformation regardless of what field the technologies are applied in. Therefore, this book provides a high level of understanding with the emerging technologies on the Internet of Things, wearable devices, and AI in IoMT, which offers the potential to acquire and process a tremendous amount of data from the physical world. Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Insights on Cognitive Neuroscience Based on Deep Neural Networks.- Robot Assisted Treatment for Children with Learning Disabilities.- Machine learning based approaches for detecting COVID-19 using clinical data in an IoMT environment.- COVID-19 Epidemic Analysis using Deep Learning Approaches.- A Cancer Diagnosis System for Detection of Lung Cancers in an IOMT Environment.- An IOMT-Based Diagnosis System for COVID-19.- Prediction of COVID-19 Epidemic Curve of India: A Machine Learning Approach.- Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) services during COVID-19 pandemic: Roles, challenges, and applications.- Tackling Security and Privacy in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT).- Lightweight AI-Based Security Solutions in IoMT.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents interdisciplinary research in software engineering with applications for the social sector. The author focuses on software applications that are used for social good and that serve the needs of society. The author aims to bridge the knowledge gap between requirement engineers, industry, and users in order to help identify a diverse range of needs in the social sector (taking into account user crowd diversity in terms of technological competencies, geography, demographics, and behavioral and psychographic aspects). The book provides rigorous empirical studies and validates solutions that serve as a guide to the software engineering community, researchers, graduate students, and teachers. Provides interdisciplinary research in software engineering and the needs of the social sector, helping to increase success rates of society focused startups and applications Ideal for social entrepreneurs who can use the book for doing customer development with diverse users Establishes a new research line of social sector requirement engineering, taking into account user age, language, ability, and access Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introductiona. Introduction.b. Social sector of economyc. Social impacts of software solutionsd. Requirement Engineering in Generale. Social sector applications: Divide between users, funders and customersf. Requirement Engineering for Social sector applications (Social sector Requirement Engineering)g. Conclusionh. Further ReadingChapter 2. Towards Gamification and Crowdsourcing in Social Sector Requirement Engineering a. Introduction.b. Tertiary Review Protocolc. Result Analysisd. State of affairs in Social sector contexte. Discussionf. Conclusion and future workg. Further ReadingChapter 3. Requirement Engineering Challenges for Social Sector Software Development: Insights from Multiple Case studies. a. Introduction.b. Case study protocolc. Backgroundd. Result Analysise. Real use casef. Discussion and future directions g. Frameworkh. Result assessmenti. Implications for Government and Software Engineersj. Conclusion k. Further Reading Chapter 4. Social Sector Requirement Engineering Process using Customer Journeysa. Introduction.b. Theoretical Background c. Working Algorithmd. Hypothetical Algorithme. Result Validationf. Conclusion & Future workg. Further Reading Chapter 5. Implications for Social Innovation stakeholders a. Implications for researchers.b. Implications for fundersc. Implications for Governmentd. Implications for academiae. Implications for Social entrepreneurs f. Conclusion & Future workg. Further Reading

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an investigative approach to how machine learning is helping to maintain and secure smart cities, including principal uses such as smart monitoring, privacy, reliability, and public protection. The authors cover important areas and issues around implementation roadblocks, ideas, and opportunities in smart city development. The authors also include new algorithms, architectures and platforms that can accelerate the growth of smart city concepts and applications. Moreover, this book provides details on specific applications and case studies related to smart city infrastructures, big data management, and prediction techniques using machine learning.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Protocol Design for Earthquake Alert and Evacuation in Smart Buildings.- Chapter 2. Impact of Internet of Things and Clinical Decision Support System in Healthcare.- Chapter 3. Smart Healthcare Support Using Data Mining and Machine Learning.- Chapter 4. Window Functions for Phasor Signal Processing of Wide Area Measurement in Smart Grid Communications.- Chapter 5. Facens Smart Campus Integrated Dashboard: A Use case applied for Energy Efficiency.- Chapter 6. Cloud Internet of Things in Medical and Smart Healthcare Applications.- Chapter 7. Tornado Forecast Visualization for Effective Rescue Planning.- Chapter 8. Situational Awareness for Law Enforcement and Public Safety Agencies Operating in Smart Cities-Part I.- Chapter 9. Situational Awareness for Law Enforcement and Public Safety Agencies Operating in Smart Cities: Part II.- Chapter 10. A Wireless Sensor Architecture for Efficient Water Quality Measurement and Monitoring Using IO.- Chapter 11. Design of a WSN Platform for Internet of Things Applications.- Chapter 12. Performance Analysis of Modulation Techniques over an Smart City Optical Communication Channel under Weak Atmospheric Turbulence.- Chapter 13. Towards Secure Cyber Infrastructure for SmartCities: Learning based Intelligent Solutions.- Chapter 14. Utilizing ICN caching for IoT big data management in WSN based vehicular networks.- Chapter 15. Integration of WSN and IoT: Its Applications and Technologies?.- Chapter 16. Choice Based Recreation Facility for Smart Cities.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a practical resource for designing Internet of Things (IoT) networks and implementing IoT applications from the localization perspective. With the emergence of IoT, machine to machine communication, Industrial IoT, and other societal applications, many applications require knowledge of the exact location of mobile IoT nodes in real-time. As the IoT nodes have computational and energy limitations, it is a crucial research challenge to optimize the network's performance with the highest localization accuracy. Many researchers are working towards such localization problems. However, there is no single book available for the detailed study on IoT node localization. This book provides one-stop multidisciplinary solutions for IoT node localization, design requirements, challenges, constraints, available techniques, comparison, related applications, and future directions. Special features included are theory supported by algorithmic development, treatment of optimization techniques, and applications.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Localization Techniques for IoT.- Chapter 2. Quantum based Metaheuristics for Localization in IoT.- Chapter 3. Optimal Node Deployment in Smart Parking.- Chapter 4. Assistance and Localization of Elderly persons.- Chapter 5. Social Distancing and Emergency Management in Smart Cities.- Chapter 6. Optimal Configuration in Heterogeneous Industrial IoT.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a sound theoretical base and an extensive practical expansion of smart sustainable cities and societies, while also examining case studies in the area to help readers understand IoT driven solutions in smart cities. The book covers fundamentals, applications, and challenges of IoT for sustainable smart cities and society. With a good understanding of IoT and smart cities, and the associated communication protocols, the book provides an insight into its applications in several areas of smart cities. Models, architectures, and algorithms are presented that provide additional solutions. The main challenges discussed that are associated with IoT involved include security, privacy, authenticity, etc. The book is relevant to researchers, academics, professionals, and students.Trade Review“IoT for sustainable smart cities and society joins a growing body of knowledge that provides fresh insights … . It consists of 14 chapters, with research and case studies on IoT and related technologies applied to the real-world problems. A preface provides a gentle introduction to each. … Readers interested in policy and planning for a country to move toward a human centered smart society, called society 5.0 in japan, should read … .” (Ernest Hughes, Computing Reviews, February 28, 2023)Table of Contents1. Role of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Internet of Things Tarana singh, Arun Solanki, Sanjay Kumar Sharma 2. Understanding New Age of Intelligent Video Surveillance and Deeper Analysis on Deep Learning Techniques for Object Tracking Preeti Nagrath, Narina Thakur, Rachna Jain, Dharmender Saini, Nitika Sharma, Jude Hemanth 3. Tech to TakeCare: IoT based Smart Solution for Real Time Supervision Srishti Sharma, Virendra Pratap Singh 4. IoT in Healthcare – A 360 degree View Rishika Mehta, Kavita Khannaa, Jyoti Sahni5. Industrial IoT Applications Jyotsana Grover6. An Interactive Analysis Platform for Bus Movement: A Case Study of One of the World’s Largest Annual Gathering. Emad Felemban, Faizan Ur Rehman7. Vehicle Payload Monitoring System Nishant Yadav, Nishita yadav, Dr. Anjali Garg8. Implementation and Comparison of MQTT and CoAP Protocols for Smart Home Application in Node-RED Simran Kaur, Vandana Khanna 9. Comparative Study of Static and Hybrid Analysis using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Smart Cities Shagil Chaudhary, Ramesh Amgai, Shouvik Das Gupta, Nida Iftekhar, Sherin Zafar, Anil Kumar Mahto 10. Automated Weather Monitoring Station Based on IOT for Smart Cities Shaifali Madan, Mishti Gautam 11. Energy Harvesting for sustainability Paru. l Agarwal, M. Afshar Alam, Sheikh Mohammad Idrees, Ajay Vikram Singh, Joel J.P. C. Rodrigues 12. A Review of Machine Learning Models in Renewable Energy Anuj Gupta, Kapil Gupta, Sumit Saroha 13. Security and Privacy Issues in IoT enabled Smart Cities Aditya Sam Koshy, Nida Fatima, Parul Agarwal, Joel J.P. C. Rodrigues14. Efficacy of Bio-Absorbent Concept in Textile Effluent Treatment Technology Using Low-Cost Materials by implementing Banna bark and Orange Peel Arivoli. A, Agnello J. Naveen

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Book SynopsisThis text highlights the difference between analytics and data science, using predictive analytic techniques to analyze different historical data, including aviation data and concrete data, interpreting the predictive models, and highlighting the steps to deploy the models and the steps ahead. The book combines the conceptual perspective and a hands-on approach to predictive analytics using SAS VIYA, an analytic and data management platform. The authors use SAS VIYA to focus on analytics to solve problems, highlight how analytics is applied in the airline and business environment, and compare several different modeling techniques. They decipher complex algorithms to demonstrate how they can be applied and explained within improving decisions.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction to Analytics and Data Science. Chapter 2. Data Types Structure & Data Preparation Process. Chapter 3. Data Exploration and Data Visualization. Chapter 4. Evaluating Predictive Performance. Chapter 5. Decision Trees & Ensemble. Chapter 6. Regression Models. Chapter 7. Neural Networks. Chapter 8. Model Deployment.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive reference source for dynamic and innovative research in the field of cyber security, focusing on nature-inspired research and applications. The authors present the design and development of future-ready cyber security measures, providing a critical and descriptive examination of all facets of cyber security with a special focus on recent technologies and applications. The book showcases the advanced defensive cyber security mechanism that is a requirement in the industry and highlights measures that provide efficient and fast solutions. The authors explore the potential of AI-based and nature-inspired based computing compatibilities in establishing an adaptive defense mechanism system. The book focuses on current research while highlighting the empirical results along with theoretical concepts to provide a reference for students, researchers, scholars, professionals, and practitioners in the field of cyber security and analytics. This book features contributions from leading scholars from all over the world.Table of Contents1) Nature-inspired Cyber Security and Resilience: An Overview2) Detection of Reconnaissance Attacks on IoT Devices Using Deep Neural Networks3) Particle Swarm Optimization driven DSE based Low Cost Hardware Security for Securing DSP IP Cores4) Malicious Activity Detection in IoT Networks: A Nature-Inspired Approach5) Nature-inspired malware & anomaly detection in android-based systems6) A Review of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Methods for Cybersecurity Applications7) A Nature Inspired DNA Encoding Technique for Quantum Session Key Exchange Protocol8) Novel Hybridized Crow Optimization for Secure Data Transmission in Cyber Networks9) Malware attacks: Dimensions, Impact, and Defenses

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a broad and detailed view about how traditional distribution systems are evolving smart/active systems. The reader will be able to share the view of a number of researchers directly involved in this field. For this sake, philosophical discussions are enriched by the presentation of theoretical and computational tools. A senior reader may incorporate some concepts not available during his/her graduation process, whereas new Engineers may have contact with some material that may be essential to his/her practice as professionals. Table of ContentsChapter number Chapter title 1 Introduction – Philosophy of new systems 2 Transition from old to new markets 3 Demand response 4 Smart grids enabling smart cities and urban energy planning 5 The role of electric vehicles in smart grids 6 Energy storage in different time scales 7 Optimal techniques applied to smart grids 8 Power flow in isolated and connected microgrids 9 Autonomy of isolated microgrids 10 Harmonic and hosting capacities 11 The evolution of smart metering 12 Communication requisites of smart grids 13 Fault location 14 The coming trends – what to expect

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Book SynopsisThis book shows how machine learning can detect moving objects in a digital video stream. The authors present different background subtraction approaches, foreground segmentation, and object tracking approaches to accomplish this. They also propose an algorithm that considers a multimodal background subtraction approach that can handle a dynamic background and different constraints. The authors show how the proposed algorithm is able to detect and track 2D & 3D objects in monocular sequences for both indoor and outdoor surveillance environments and at the same time, also able to work satisfactorily in a dynamic background and with challenging constraints. In addition, the shows how the proposed algorithm makes use of parameter optimization and adaptive threshold techniques as intrinsic improvements of the Gaussian Mixture Model. The presented system in the book is also able to handle partial occlusion during object detection and tracking. All the presented work and evaluations were carried out in offline processing with the computation done by a single laptop computer with MATLAB serving as software environment.Table of ContentsChapter1. Introduction.- Chapter2. Existing Research in Video Surveillance System .- Chapter3. Background Modeling.- Chapter4. Object Tracking.- Chapter5. Summary of Book.

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