Cognition and cognitive psychology Books

Book SynopsisThis book explores the interplay between physiological and psychological states in light of increasing evidence that they exert subtle, long-term influences not only on mood, but also perception, judgement, and cognitive processes in general; these, in turn, affect behaviour. Drawing on his own data from subjective assessments of mood and research by others, the author addresses questions such as what determines a person''s mood and its changes; what is the relationship between mood and sugar snacking, smoking, coffee drinking, late-night worry, depression, and insomnia; what effect do exercise, time of day, nutrition, and sleep have on mood. This book will be of interest to researchers in personality, clinical, and physiological psychology and to laypersons interested in the topic.Trade Review"This is a courageous and most welcome effort to establish the concept of mood as an important part of psychology. It reviews the literature exhaustively, and organizes it in terms of the writer's own long continued work in this area. He is not afraid to look at the biological as well as the introspective aspects of moods, and gives us an integrative model of moods and mood changes which will dominate research in the coming years." --H.J. Eysenck, University of London "Thayer brings together in his book all of the important perspectives on mood, as represented both in current research and in historically older concepts, such as arousal. In his review of the literature Thayer ranges wide, including--although the book is primarily about normal mood--references, to the mood/cognition experiments in abnormal psychology which themselves have done much to advance interest in the topic." --The Psychologist "Ideally, the publication of this book will not only alert more people to the existence of Thayer's intriguing theory, but it will also inspire both researchers who favor his model and those who oppose it to conduct more empirical work to support their ideas." --Contemporary Psychology "This is a courageous and most welcome effort to establish the concept of mood as an important part of psychology. It reviews the literature exhaustively, and organizes it in terms of the writer's own long continued work in this area. He is not afraid to look at the biological as well as the introspective aspects of moods, and gives us an integrative model of moods and mood changes which will dominate research in the coming years." --H.J. Eysenck, University of London "Thayer brings together in his book all of the important perspectives on mood, as represented both in current research and in historically older concepts, such as arousal. In his review of the literature Thayer ranges wide, including--although the book is primarily about normal mood--references, to the mood/cognition experiments in abnormal psychology which themselves have done much to advance interest in the topic." --The Psychologist "Ideally, the publication of this book will not only alert more people to the existence of Thayer's intriguing theory, but it will also inspire both researchers who favor his model and those who oppose it to conduct more empirical work to support their ideas." --Contemporary PsychologyTable of ContentsIntroduction; Modern perspectives on mood; Arousal: A basic element of mood and behaviour; Daily rhythms of subjective energy and other biopsychological cycles; Determinants of energetic and tense arousal, including cognitive-mood interactions; The natural interaction of energetic and tense moods: A multidimensional arousal model; Issues relating to formal and informal research on mood; Toward an understanding of nonpathological mood states: Evidence, speculations, and applications; Appendices; References.

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Book SynopsisSignal detection theory, as developed in electrical engineering and based on statistical decision theory, was first applied to human sensory discrimination about 40 years ago. The theory''s intent was to explain how humans discriminate and how we might use reliable measures to quantify this ability. An interesting finding of this work is that decisions are involved even in the simplest of discrimination tasks--say, determining whether or not a sound has been heard (a yes-no decision). Detection theory has been applied to a host of varied problems (for example, measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems, survey research, reliability of lie detection tests) and extends far beyond the detection of signals. This book is a primer on signal detection theory, useful for both undergraduates and graduate students.Trade Review"This book contains the theoretical explications of the ways observers detect weak, uncertain, or ambiguous signals. It explains the math underlying the theory, and outlines its uses in measuring an observer's sensitivity. The book is intended to serve as an introductory text for undergraduate or graduate courses in sensation and perception, psychophysics, cognition, and quantitative methods; it may also be used as a reference for researchers. Wickens teaches at the University of California, Los Angeles."--SciTech Book News "This book contains the theoretical explications of the ways observers detect weak, uncertain, or ambiguous signals. It explains the math underlying the theory, and outlines its uses in measuring an observer's sensitivity. The book is intended to serve as an introductory text for undergraduate or graduate courses in sensation and perception, psychophysics, cognition, and quantitative methods; it may also be used as a reference for researchers. Wickens teaches at the University of California, Los Angeles."--SciTech Book NewsTable of Contents1. The signal-detection model ; 2. The equal-variance Gaussian model ; 3. Operating characteristics and the Gaussian model ; 4. Measures of detection performance ; 5. Confidence ratings ; 6. Forced-choice procedures ; 7. Discrimination and identification ; 8. Finite-state models ; 9. Likelihoods and likelihood ratios ; 10. Multidimensional stimuli ; 11. Statistical treatment ; A. A summary of probability theory ; References

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Book SynopsisWeaving together diaries, contemporary newspaper accounts, and his own enlightening commentary, Candland brings to life a series of extraordinary stories of nonspeaking humans and animals who were thought to be able to speak.Trade Review... an eye-opening history of psychology... * Nature *... provides an enlightening analysis of language, intelligence, and learning... Scholarly and sensitive, this is absorbing reading. * Booklist *Original and entertaining. * Kirkus Reviews *Table of ContentsWhat Feral Children Tell Us: Nature and Nurture: Children without Human Parenting; Kaspar Hauser and the Wolf-Children; Four Psychologies; Thinking about the Mind; The Psychology of Psychoanalysis; Freud and Little Hans; The Psychology of Experimentalism and Behaviourism: Clever Hans and Lady Wonder; Experimentation and Experimenter: Clever Hans's Companions; The Psychology of Perceiving: Phenomenology and Ethology; The Mental Ladder: Peter and Moses, Chimpanzees Who Write; Exploiting the Missing Link; People and Apes Communicating: Raising Human Babies with Chimps: Donald, Gua, and Viki; Human and Ape Communication: Washoe, Koko, and Nim; Language and Meaning: Sarah and Lana, Sherman and Austin, Kanzi and Ai; Principles and Myths: Feral Children and Clever Animals; Postlude; Notes; References; Illustration Credits; Text Credits; Index.

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Book SynopsisA study which argues against reductionist accounts of human cognition and proposes a sociocultural perspective, moving beyond the isolated individual. The author claims that, in many human endeavours, the outcomes we are interested in are not determined by the information processing ability of the individual, but by forces in the environment.Trade Review'...With his usual clear prose and effective balance of theory and experimental evidence, Wertsch argues that neither social nor biological reductionism is the proper methodological stance...Wetsch nicely shows how many school failures result from mismatches in speech genre between the child and the school.' * William J Frawley, Dept. of Linguistics, Univ. of Delaware. *'This is a fascinating book and highly stimulating to read...a challenging book...this intriguing book should be read by anyone with a serious interest in the relationship between mind and sociocultural setting.' * Professor Martyn Barrett, Dept of Psychology, University of Surrey, for The Psychologist *Table of Contents1. The task of sociocultural analysis ; Translation at the crossroads ; Multiple perspectives on human action ; Methodological individualism in the copyright age ; 2. Properties of mediated action ; Mediated action is characterized by an irreducible tension between agent and mediational means ; Mediational means are material ; Mediated action typically has multiple simultaneous goals ; Mediated action is situated in one orf more developmental paths ; Mediational means constrain as well as enable action ; New mediational means transform mediated action ; The relationship of agents toward mediational means can be characterized in terms of mastery: Internalization as mastery ; The relationship of agents toard mediational means can be characterized in terms of appropriation: Internalization as appropriation ; Mediational means are often produced for reasons other than to facilitate mediated action ; Mediational means are associated with power and authority ; Narrative as a cultural tool for representing the past ; Representing the past: Cultural tools and their uses ; Historical texts as cultural tools ; Mastering texts about the origins of the U.S.: Knowing too little ; Mastering texts about the origins of the U.S.: Knowing too much ; Events ; Theme ; The construction of main characters ; Frequency of mention ; Patterns of agency ; Patterns of presupposed presence ; The irreducible tension between cultural tool and agent in generating historical texts ; The mastery and appropriation of narratives as mediational means for representing the past ; 4. Mediated action in social space ; Intersubjectivity and alterity in social interaction ; Intersubjectivity and laterity in studies of intermental; functioning ; Harnessing intersubjectivity and alterity in instructional discourse ; Reciprocal teaching as an alternative form of instructional discourse ; 5. Appropriation and resistance ; Appropriation and resistance: The official Soviet history of Estonia ; Tactics of consumption and forms of resistance ; Strategies of consumption and forms of resistance: ; Official and unofficial history ; Summary ; Appropriation and resistance: Cultural stereotypes ; The "Microdynamics" of appropriation and resistance ; Stereotype threat and appropriation ; 6. Mind as mediated action: An Epilogue

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Book SynopsisOral tradition is important in many fields of study such as psychology, anthropology, linguistics, folklore studies, history and the classics. This book combines the methods and theories of cognitive psychology with the study of oral traditions to test and expand the ideas of both. It is the first book on oral tradition from an author with professional knowledge of human memory and cognition. Easy to read, and in a jargon-free style, this book will appeal to a wide range of academics and graduate students from various disciplines.Trade Review"Rubin writes clearly and has organized a mass of material, presenting it both minutely and conceptually. Cognitive psychologists and those who work in relevant specialized areas will find the book of interest..." -- A Journal of Reviews and Commentary in Mental Health "This is a challenging, interdisciplinary book that promises to have a ripple effect far beyond its home discipline of cognitive psychology....It has enormous implications for the more than one hundred oral traditions that have received specialist treatment over the past few decades, as well as for literary studies, folklore, and anthropology more generally. Dr. Rubin has brought cognitive psychology into a wholly unprecedented dialogue with studies in oral tradition. The result is a truly new perspective on memory and the processes of oral tradition that reinterprets the work of Milman Perry, Albert Lord, and others in an extremely productive way. Not only does Rubin make the psychological view understandable for the layperson, but he manages to reprise the Parry-Lord research in just as clear and up-to-date a manner." --John Miles Foley, William H. Byler Distinguished Professor of English and Classical Studies, University of Missouri "This is a great book. Not just 'important' or 'fascinating' but great; a very Parthenon of a book."--Roger Brown, John Lindsley Professor of Psychology in Memory of William James, Harvard University "Filled with fascinating and important insights about how memory really works in the field....This work dramatically enhanced my understanding of 'knowledge in the world'." --Donald A. Norman, Apple Computer, Inc., and University of California, San Diego (Emeritus) "The beauty of interdisciplinary scholarship is the possibility of novel contributions that enrich both fields. Rubin's merger of cognitive psychology and oral history clarifies and advances knowledge in both areas. . .stands on its own while inviting continued examination of other oral transmissions such as humor and urban legends." --Choice "This book is a landmark contribution for both scientists and scholars. Rubin has effectively integrated methods and insights from cognitive psychology, discourse processing, neuroscience, folklore, the classics, linguistics, and rhetoric. For those in the field of discourse processing, no other book has a more comprehensive coverage of the research on the representation and memory of oral discourse. For those in the humanities, it serves as an illuminating guide on how to apply informative quantitative analyses to discourse excerpts, including those that evolve over hundreds of years. For those in the rigorous scientific circles of memory research, it is a creative, colorful departure from some of the tedious memory paradigms that have flooded our journals and laboratories during the last four decades. This book will capture the imaginations of the new students of memory."--Arthur C. Graesser in Contemporary Psychology "David Rubin's book. . .provides an outstanding example of how more than a decade of memory studies, both inside and outside the laboratory, can be used to enrich our understanding of "ordinary" feats of memory. . . . Rubin is able to present a unique and useful perspective on basic processes that contribute to the power of human memory. In sum, this book is a capstone work that constitutes a successful attempt to link two previously unconnected areas of research: cognitive psychology and oral traditions." --American Journal of Psychology "Memory in Oral Traditions is an original tour de force....Rubin is able to present us with fascinating, new perspectives on classical subjects as well as the inner workings of human memory." --The General Psychologist "Rubin writes clearly and has organized a mass of material, presenting it both minutely and conceptually. Cognitive psychologists and those who work in relevant specialized areas will find the book of interest..."--Readings "This is a challenging, interdisciplinary book that promises to have a ripple effect far beyond its home discipline of cognitive psychology....It has enormous implications for the more than one hundred oral traditions that have received specialist treatment over the past few decades, as well as for literary studies, folklore, and anthropology more generally. Dr. Rubin has brought cognitive psychology into a wholly unprecedented dialogue with studies in oral tradition. The result is a truly new perspective on memory and the processes of oral tradition that reinterprets the work of Milman Perry, Albert Lord, and others in an extremely productive way. Not only does Rubin make the psychological view understandable for the layperson, but he manages to reprise the Parry-Lord research in just as clear and up-to-date a manner." --John Miles Foley, William H. Byler Distinguished Professor of English and Classical Studies, University of Missouri "This is a great book. Not just 'important' or 'fascinating' but great; a very Parthenon of a book."--Roger Brown, John Lindsley Professor of Psychology in Memory of William James, Harvard University "Filled with fascinating and important insights about how memory really works in the field....This work dramatically enhanced my understanding of 'knowledge in the world'." --Donald A. Norman, Apple Computer, Inc., and University of California, San Diego (Emeritus) "The beauty of interdisciplinary scholarship is the possibility of novel contributions that enrich both fields. Rubin's merger of cognitive psychology and oral history clarifies and advances knowledge in both areas. . .stands on its own while inviting continued examination of other oral transmissions such as humor and urban legends." --Choice "This is an impressive and unique book. It is an intensive study of oral memory traditions by a cognitive psychologist. There is nothing like it in print and it is unlikely that it will be superseded in the foreseeable future. . . . First, for psychologists, it is a review of the literature from the humanities on the history and structure of oral traditions. Second, for humanists, it is a review of the literature from cognitive psychology on memory and text representation. Third, it is a research monograph reporting a series of studies on memory for oral texts. . . . Psychologists teaching an undergraduate course on memory will find that the literature on oral traditions in this book can provide much interesting lecture material. . . . One hopes that the success of this interdisciplinary and ecological study will mean that the next generation of experimental psychologists will feel freer to adopt this approach to the study of human memory."--William F. Brewer in Contemporary Psychology "Rubin writes clearly and has organized a mass of material, presenting it both minutely and conceptually. Cognitive psychologists and those who work in relevant specialized areas will find the book of interest..." -- A Journal of Reviews and Commentary in Mental Health "Rubin's Memory in Oral Traditions is a landmark book, summing up and refining a whole tradition of empirical work on memory in cognitive psychology, and presenting to literary scholars one of the most compelling cases to date for the relevance of cognitive neuroscience to the study of poetic and narrative forms. . . . There is much in this book to stimulate and challenge literary scholars: its cognitive and evolutionary models of narrative and poetic forms and conventions, its engagement with neuroanatomy and physiology, its potentially revolutionary understanding of oral poetry in terms of an embodied brain-mind in a physical as well as social environment. As a carefully researched, deftly argued, and nonreductive example of how cognitive psychology can contribute to literary understanding, Memory in Oral Traditions demonstrates how much can be gained by bringing literary studies in touch with developments in the cognitive neurosciences."--Southern Humanities ReviewTable of Contents1: Introduction 2: The Representation of Themes in Memory 3: Imagery 4: Sound 5: Combining Constraints 6: The Transmission of Oral Traditions 7: Basic Observations on Remembering 8: A Theory of Remembering for Oral Traditions 9: Epic and Formulaic Theory 10: Counting-out Rhymes 11: North Carolina Ballads 12: Discussion

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Book SynopsisHow do children acquire the vast array of concepts, strategies, and skills that distinguish the thinking of infants and toddlers from that of preschoolers, older children, and adolescents? In this new book, Robert Siegler addresses these and other fundamental questions about children''s thinking. Previous theories have tended to depict cognitive development much like a staircase. At an early age, children think in one way; as they get older, they step up to increasingly higher ways of thinking. Siegler proposes that viewing the development within an evolutionary framework is more useful than a staircase model. The evolution of species depends on mechanisms for generating variability, for choosing adaptively among the variants, and for preserving the lessons of past experience so that successful variants become increasingly prevalent. The development of children''s thinking appears to depend on mechanisms to fulfill these same functions. Siegler''s theory is consistent with a great dealTrade ReviewThis is one of those rare books that promises to change the way that psychologists view the central problem of developmental psychology. . .Siegler provides a cogent and convincing argument that variability is a constant in thought at all levels and provides the key to cutting through to the problem of cognitive change. In addition to providing a wide range of examples showing the centrality of adaptive variability in children's thinking at all levels, Siegler describes a methodology for describing developmental change as it progresses. Few will be able to read it without considering how to apply this model and methods to their own domain of interest. This book will serve as a handbook for anyone who wants to take up the challenge of taking development seriously. * Kevin Miller, Dept. of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign *Table of Contents1. Whose Children are we Talking About? ; 2. Evolution and Cognitive Development ; 3. Cognitive Variability: The Ubiquity of Multiplicity ; 4. Strategic Development: Trudging up the Staircase or Swimming with the Tide ; 5. The Adaptivity of Multiplicity ; 6. Formal Models of Strategy Choice or Plasterers and Professors ; 7. How Children Generate New Ways of Thinking ; 8. A New Agenda for Cognitive Development

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Book SynopsisMark Turner makes the revolutionary claim that the basic issue for cognitive science is the nature of literary thinking. Using tools of modern linguistics, the recent work of neuroscientists, and literary masterpieces from Shakespeare, Homer, and Dante, Turner explains how story and projection are fundamental to everyday thought.Trade ReviewAn incredibly rich overview of Turner's newest ideas, offering scholars in both the humanities and cognitive sciences an excellent tutorial on the literary mind. * Raymond Gibbs, Jr., Professor of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz *Outstanding. This book will be a marvellous way for people to get into cognitive science. * Suzanne E. Kemmer, Professor of Linguistics, Rice University *Turner's forceful book starts by showing how we use storying and metaphor to understand everything from pouring a cup of coffee to Proust. It ends with the splendidly bold claim that this storying, literary mind comes first, before all other kinds of thought, even language itself. Adventurous and convincing, Turner's work launches a new understanding, not only of literature, but of what it is to have a human brain. To read it is to think about thinking in a way you never have. * Norman N. Holland, Marston-Milbauer Professor of English, University of Florida *A garden of many delights to be enjoyed by literary and scientific minds? An elegant bridge between two worlds? Other mixed (blended) metaphors apply to this book provided they tell the reader that this is an intelligent text, equally valuable to literary scholars and cognitive scientists. * Antonio R. Damasio, Professor of Neurology, University of Iowa, and author of "Descartes' Error" *Table of Contents1: Bedtime with Shahrazad 2: Human Meaning 3: Body Action 4: Figured Tales 5: Creative Blends 6: Many Spaces 7: Single Lives 8: Language Notes Further Reading on Image Schemas Index

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Book SynopsisDetails a computational approach to studying the intricate workings of the human brain. Focusing on the brain's enigmatic ability to access quickly a massive store of accumulated information during reasoning processes, the author asks how such feats are possible.Trade ReviewThe book is written in a clear style, with a sufficient number of figures illustrating the algorithms. . .This new insight into complex problems of the brain, as well as the proposed methodology, makes the book highly readable and interesting. * Computing Reviews *The author shows that the proposed neuroidal model supports the cognitive activities he identifies. It provides a good structure to explore the functions of the mind still further. * IIEEE Spectrum *Although there are many books today dealing with a simple neuronal model based on the weighted sum principle, this one rises above these others in providing an explanation of cognitive functions. * Choice *Delivers what its title promises, and more: an engaging, broad, thorough, and often deep, development of undergraduate complex analysis and related areas (non-Euclidean geometry, harmonic functions, etc.) from a geometric point of view. The style is lucid, informal, reader-friendly, and rich with helpful images (e.g., the complex derivative as an "amplitwist"). A truly unusual and notably creative look at a classical subject. * American Mathematical Monthly *Table of Contents1. The Approach ; 2. Biological Constraints ; 3. Computational Laws ; 4. Cognitive Functions ; 5. The Neuroidal Model ; 6. Knowledge Representation ; 7. Unsupervised Memorization ; 8. Supervised Memorization ; 9. Supervised Inductive Learning ; 10. Correlational Learning ; 11. Objects and Relational Expressions ; 12. Systems Questions ; 13. Reasoning ; 14. More Detailed Neural Models ; 15. Afterword

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Book SynopsisHow can we account for the sudden appearance of such dazzling artists and scientists as Mozart, Shakespeare, Darwin, or Einstein? How can we define such genius? What conditions or personality traits seem to produce exceptionally creative people? Is the association between genius and madness really just a myth? These and many other questions are brilliantly illuminated in The Origins of Genius. Dean Simonton convincingly argues that creativity can best be understood as a Darwinian process of variation and selection. The artist or scientist generates a wealth of ideas, and then subjects these ideas to aesthetic or scientific judgment, selecting only those that have the best chance to survive and reproduce. Indeed, the true test of genius is the ability to bequeath an impressive and influential body of work to future generations. Simonton draws on the latest research into creativity and explores such topics as the personality type of the genius, whether genius is genetic or produced by environment and education, the links between genius and mental illness (Darwin himself was emotionally and mentally unwell), the high incidence of childhood trauma, especially loss of a parent, amongst Nobel Prize winners, the importance of unconscious incubation in creative problem-solving, and much more. Simonton substantiates his theory by examining and quoting from the work of such eminent figures as Henri Poincare, W. H. Auden, Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Charles Darwin, Niels Bohr, and many others. For anyone intrigued by the spectacular feats of the human mind, The Origins of Genius offers a revolutionary new way of understanding the very nature of creativity.Trade Review"No scholar writing about genius and creativity has the breadth of knowledge of Dean Keith Simonton. His Darwinian perspective is provocative, intriguing, generative and important."--Howard Gardner, author of Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences"One of the most eminent reserachers of eminence has written a very readable, intellectually exciting book about creativity seen from a Darwinian perspective. Anyone interested in what makes some persons stand out and shine will find it fascinating." --Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, author of Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience"Dean Keith Simonton is an undiputed pioneer in the scientific study of history. His latest book, ^iOrigins of Genius, supplies yet another original and enduring contribution to the understanding of the creative process. Inspired by Darwinian theory, Simonton has brought together a large body of research on creative genius, and given this research a sweeping new interpretation. Every book that Simonton has previously produced has been a gem, and his Origins of Genius is no exception." --Frank J. Sulloway, author of Born to Rebel: Birth Order, Family Dynamics and Creative Lives"In this book, Dean Keith Simonton brings Darwinian principles to the question of creativity and genius. He does so with resounding success.... Hans Eysenck called Dean Keith Simonton the successor to Sir Francis Galton. With the appearance of this book, we see that he is also one of the successors of Charles Darwin." --Colin Martindale, author of The Clockwork Muse: The Predictability of Artistic Change"A provocative story of how the limited human mind might produce work of astonishing brilliance and enduring value." --Teresa M. Amabile, Harvard Business School"This work is required reading for anyone wanting to understand the creative power of the human intellect, the power that Darwin himself tapped to change forever our understanding of the evolution of species and our own place in nature. Origins of Genius may well be instrumental in changing forever our understanding of the evolution of creative human thought." --Gary Cziko, Professor and AT&T Technology Fellow, University of Illinois"A fascinating treatise leavened with candid descriptions by Einstein, Nietzsche, Mozart, Darwin, Poe, Linus Pauling and many others of their own creative processes.... Likely to generate controversy but also has the potential to influence how we think about the human mind."--Publishers WeeklyTable of ContentsPreface ; 1. Genius and Darwin ; 2. Cognition: What is the Creative Process? ; 3. Variation: How do Creators Differ from the Rest of Us? ; 4. Development: Is the Genius Born or Made? ; 5. Products: By What Works Shall We Know Them? ; 6. Groups: Creative Times, Places and Peoples? ; 7. Darwinian Genius ; Notes ; References ; Index

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Book SynopsisThis reference text provides an insightful and unified synthesis of cognitive neuroscience and behavioral neurology. The strong clinical emphasis and outstanding illustrations will provide neurologists, psychiatrists, neuropsychologists, and psychologists with a solid foundation to the major neurobehavioral syndromes. With backgrounds in behavioural neurology, functional imaging and cognitive neuroscience, the two authors are in an ideal position to cover the anatomy, genetics, physiology, and cognitive neuroscience underlying these disorders. Their emphasis on therapy makes the book a must read for anyone who cares for patients with cognitive and behavioural disorders.Trade Review. . . part of the highly regarded Contemporary Neurology Series, and it carries on the tradition of excellence neurologists have come to expect of these volumes . . . The writing style is concise, clear, readable. Clinical vignettes and example cases, drawn both from the authors' experience and the published literature, reinforce important concepts . . . Devinsky and D'Esposito have broken new ground with a fresh approach to the neurology of cognition and behavior . . . * Neurology *The latest in the "Contemporary Neurology Series", Neurology of Cognitive and Behavioural Disorders, is a comprehensive, authoritative, and practical tome for clinicians, as a stand-alone reference and as an entertaining way of using the time allocated for those outpatient no-shows . . . This book should appeal to a wide range of neuroscience subspecialists, and comes with a strong recommendation to clinical neurologists from this reviewer. * The Lancet Neurology *Table of Contents1. Neuroanatomy and Assessment of Cognitive-Behavioural Function ; 2. Functional Neuroimaging of Cognition ; 3. The Right Hemisphere, Interhemispheric Communication, and Consciousness ; 4. Attention and Attentional Disorders ; 5. Perception and Perceptual Disorders ; 6. Language, Aphasia, and Other Speech Disorders ; 7. Motor System and Behaviour ; 8. Memory and Memory Disorders ; 9. Executive Function and the Frontal Lobes ; 10. Emotion and the Limbic System ; 11. Therapy for Cognitive and Neurobehavioral Disorders

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Book SynopsisThis title argues that our conception of consciousness is based upon fundamental errors. It discusses three important philosophical puzzles, each of which presents the same problem. In highlighting this, the errors in our conception of consciousness and cognition are also revealed.

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Book SynopsisSimple Heuristics That Make Us Smart invites readers to embark on a new journey into a land of rationality that differs from the familiar territory of cognitive science and economics. Traditional views of rationality tend to see decision makers as possessing superhuman powers of reason, limitless knowledge, and all of eternity in which to ponder choices. To understand decisions in the real world, we need a different, more psychologically plausible notion of rationality, and this book provides it. It is about fast and frugal heuristics--simple rules for making decisions when time is pressing and deep thought an unaffordable luxury. These heuristics can enable both living organisms and artificial systems to make smart choices, classifications, and predictions by employing bounded rationality. But when and how can such fast and frugal heuristics work? Can judgments based simply on one good reason be as accurate as those based on many reasons? Could less knowledge even lead to systematicaTrade Review"How do people cope in the real, complex world of confusing and overwhelming information and rapidly approaching deadlines? This important book starts a new quest for answers. Here, Gigerenzer, Todd, and their lively research group show that simple heuristics are powerful tools that do surprisingly well. The field of decision making will never be the same again."--Donald A. Norman, author of Things That Make Us Smart and The Invisible Computer"Gigerenzer & Todd's volume represents a major advance in our understanding of human reasoning, with many genuinely new ideas on how people think and an impressive body of data to back them up. Simple Heuristics is indispensable for cognitive psychologists, economists, and anyone else interested in reason and rationality."--Steven Pinker, author of How the Mind Works and Words and Rules"In the past few years, the theory of rational (sensible) human behavior has broken loose from the illusory and empirically unsupported notion that deciding rationally means maximizing expected utility. Research has learned to take seriously and study empirically how real human beings ... actually address the vast complexities of the world they inhabit. Simple Heuristics ... offers a fascinating introduction to this revolution in cognitive science, striking a great blow for sanity in the approach to human rationality."--Herbert A. Simon, Carnegie Mellon University, and Nobel Laureate in Economics"This book is a major contribution to the theory of bounded rationality. It illustrates that the surprising efficiency of fast and simple procedures is due to their fit with the structure of the environment in which they are used. The emphasis on this ecological rationality is an advance in a promising and already fruitful new direction of research."--Reinhard Selten, Professor of Economics at the University of Bonn, and Nobel Laureate in Economics"In recent years, and particularly in the culture wars, many people have written about rationality. These authors now provide a summary of this recent history, organized on the basis of different types of decision making. In each case, the authors summarize the literature so as to provide an implicit history. But the book is more fundamentally aimed at making rationality workable by showing 'the way that real people make the majority of their inferences and decisions.'"--Journal of the History of the Behavioral SciencesTable of ContentsI. THE RESEARCH AGENDA; II. IGNORANCE-BASED DECISION MAKING; III. ONE-REASON DECISION MAKING; IV. BEYOND CHOICE: MEMORY, ESTIMATION, AND CATEGORIZATION; V. SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE; VI. A LOOK AROUND, A LOOK BACK, A LOOK AHEAD

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Book SynopsisTheory of mind is the phrase researchers use to refer to children''s understanding of people as mental beings, who have beliefs, desires, emotions, and intentions, and whose actions and interactions can be interpreted and explained by taking account of these mental states. The gradual development of children''s theory of mind, particularly during the early years, is by now well described in the research literature. What is lacking, however, is a decisive explanation of how children acquire this understanding. Recent research has shown strong relations between children''s linguistic abilities and their theory of mind. Yet exactly what role these abilities play is controversial and uncertain. The purpose of this book is to provide a forum for the leading scholars in the field to explore thoroughly the role of language in the development of the theory of mind. This volume will appeal to students and researchers in developmental and cognitive psychology.Trade ReviewWhy language matters for theory of mind offers all the inspiration and a good deal of the background necessary for child language researchers to start contributing to ToM-language debate. * Child Language, Vol 33 *Table of Contents1. Introduction: Why Language Matters ; 2. Language pathways into the community of minds ; 3. Communication, relationships, and individual differences in children's understanding of mind ; 4. Conversation, pretence and theory of mind ; 5. Talking about "new" information: the given/new distinction and children's developing theory of mind ; 6. The developmental origins of meaning for mental terms ; 7. Language promotes structural alignment in the acquisition of mentalistic concepts ; 8. Language and the development of cognitive flexibility: Implications for theory of mind ; 9. Representational development and false-belief understanding ; 10. Can language acquisition give children a point of view? ; 11. What does "that" have to do with point of view? Conflicting desires and "want" in German ; 12. Linguistic communication and social understanding ; 13. The role of language in theory-of-mind development: What deaf children tell us ; 14. How language facilitates the acquisition of false-belief understanding in children with autism ; 15. Genetic and environmental influences on individual differences in language and theory of mind: Common or distinct?

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Book SynopsisThe essential nature of learning is primarily thought of as a verbal process or function, but this notion conveys that pre-linguistic infants do not learn. Far from being blank slates that passively absorb environmental stimuli, infants are active learners who perceptually engage their environments and extract information from them before language is available. The ecological approach to perceiving-defined as a theory about perceiving by active creatures who look and listen and move around was spearheaded by Eleanor and James Gibson in the 1950s and culminated in James Gibson''s last book in 1979. Until now, no comprehensive theoretical statement of ecological development has been published since Eleanor Gibson''s Principles of Perceptual Learning and Development (1969).In An Ecological Approach to Perceptual Learning and Development, distinguished experimental psychologists Eleanor J. Gibson and Anne D. Pick provide a unique theoretical framework for the ecological approach to understTrade ReviewThis is a beautifully written book, and a most welcome addition to the field of perceptual development, indeed to the whole discipline of child development. For years I have taught a graduate course in perceptual development and never had a text that I felt I could assign in its entirety. Now I do, because this book brings a lucid introduction that is crystal clear in its explication of the complex ideas encompassed by this field. The scholarship is deep, accurate, and thorough. * Rachel K. Clifton, University of Massachusetts, Amherst *Table of Contents1. Historical Perspectives and Present-Day Confrontations ; 2. An Ecological Approach to Perceptual Development ; 3. Studying Perceptual Development in Preverbal Infants: Tasks, Methods, and Motivation ; 4. Development and Learning in Infancy ; 5. What Infants Learn About: Communication ; 6. What Infants Learn About: Interaction with Objects ; 7. What Infants Learn About: Locomotion and the Spatial Layout ; 8. The Learning Process in Infancy: Facts and Theory ; 9. Hallmarks of Human Behaviour ; 10. The Role of Perception in Development beyond Infancy ; References ; Index

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Book SynopsisCoping with Aging is the final project of the late Richard S. Lazarus, the man whose landmark book Emotion and Adaptation put the study of emotion in play in the field of psychology. In this volume, Lazarus examines the experience of aging from the standpoint of the individual, rather than as merely a collection of statistics and charts. This technique is in line with his long-standing belief that experiences should be looked at in their specific contexts, rather than squeezed into an overly general statistical viewpoint that loses the subjects'' motivations. Drawing on his five decades of pioneering research, Lazarus looks aging, emotion, and coping, and stability and change in both environment and personality. Because Lazarus mixes academic rigor with everyday examples, this volume will be both useful to scholars and accessible to the lay audience that has so much gain from a systematic understanding of aging and emotion.Trade Review"...may mark a breakthrough of sorts in this area...this book enlightens, engages, and outlines very clearly and concisely what aging is like, what problems we will have as we all age, and what we can possibly do to confront the massive challenges of aging head-on and cope as best as we can. I dare say that this book should be recommended reading for those of us who think about the daily process of aging."--PsycCRITIQUES "...may mark a breakthrough of sorts in this area...this book enlightens, engages, and outlines very clearly and concisely what aging is like, what problems we will have as we all age, and what we can possibly do to confront the massive challenges of aging head-on and cope as best as we can. I dare say that this book should be recommended reading for those of us who think about the daily process of aging."--PsycCRITIQUESTable of ContentsPREFACE ; PART I: INSPIRATION AND OVERVIEW ; INTRODUCTION: AGING, ONCE OVER LIGHTLY ; PART II: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ; PART III: STABILITY AND CHANGE ; PART IV: CENTRAL EXPERIENCES OF AGING: CASE HISTORIES ; PART V: PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS ; REFERENCES

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Book SynopsisScientists'' understanding of two central problems in neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy has been greatly influenced by the work of David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel: What is it to see? This relates to the machinery that underlies visual perception, How do we acquire the brain''s mechanisms for vision? This is the nature-nurture question as to whether the nerve connections responsible for vision are innate or whether they develop through experience in the early life of an animal or human.This is a book about the collaboration between Hubel and Wiesel, which began in 1958, lasted until about 1982, and led to a Nobel Prize in 1981. It opens with short autobiographies of both men, describes the state of the field when they started, and tells about the beginnings of their collaboration. It emphasizes the importance of various mentors in their lives, especially Stephen W. Kuffler, who opened up the field by studying the cat retina in 1950, and founded the department of neurobiology at HaTrade Review...charming and interesting autobiographical essays. * Alva Noe, TLS *Extremely important * Alva Noe, TLS *All in all this is an excellent book and helps to set the work of Hubel and Wiesel in the context of real people doing real science. It also helps to connect the papers together in an appropriate set of sequences for those starting in the area - how it would have helped to have it around when I first started trying to teach visual physiology to medical students * Physiology News, No 61 *The entire book is an inspiration to read. The original papers and the additional chapters are beautifully written - which means that they are stylistically elegant, free from jargon and cliche and, above all, devoid of the current, vulgar, craze for acronyms and abbreviations and of other devices that serve to make science even more inaccessible . . . Neuroscience should rejoice that, during a mere 25 years, its world was enriched not only by a wealth of knowledge but also by new standards of evidence and elegance of methodology which have left a permanent imprint. * Brain, 128 *The book's glory is that the commentaries sandwiching each paper illuminate the workings of one of the most productive collaborations in the history of biology. Hubel and Wiesel describe the joy of mom-and-pop science where the collaborators do the work and weigh what to do next . . . the book brings their work all together - complete with the authors' retrospective evaluations of their work . . . a gem in the history of the field and a core resource. * Robert Wurtz in Science *. . . The entire book is an inspiration to read. The original papers and the additional chapters are beautifully written . . . Read today, some 50 years after the initial work was published, the papers still retain their freshness and their capacity to arouse wonder, not only at the way in which nature has elaborated such an impressive organ, but also at the tenacity and the powerful conceptual thinking that was behind their collected work . . . Neuroscience should rejoice that, during a mere 25 years, its world was enriched not only by a wealth of knowledge but also by new standards of evidence and elegance of methodology which have left a permanent imprint. * Semir Zeki in Brain *Advance praise for Brain and Visual Perception:For those who came of age admiring the scientific adventures of Hubel and Wiesel, this book is an opportunity to look back in wonder. For those who came after, it will be an inspiration. This is a marvel of a book, written in David Hubel's disarmingly engaging voice, a must have, a must read. * Antonio Damasio, Neuroscientist and author of Descartes' Error and Looking for Spinoza *David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel's book describes the wonderful period in neurophysiology when they worked on the early mammalian visual system. I found it fascinating reading. * Francis Crick, Nobel Laureate and author of The Astonishing Hypothesis and What Mad Pursuit *A rare opportunity to peek into the minds of two giants of twentieth century science. Each of their classic papers reads like a Sherlock Holmes novel, but the accompanying commentaries and autobiographies, packed with witty, whimsical asides and Hubelisms, bring out the human side of science - reminding us that great science is a judicious blend of intuition, imagination and sheer tenacity rather than a cold rational process of the kind one usually associates with Holmes. It's especially refreshing to see their low-tech approach in an era of high-tech 'big science' dominated by brain imaging and gee whiz neophrenology. * V S Ramachandran, BBC Reith Lecturer for 2003 and author of A Brief Tour of Human Consciousness *Hubel and Wiesel, as much as any other scientists, are responsible for our current view of the brain, its function, and how it is moulded by the environment. This book will provide students and established scientists alike insight into the roots of modern neuroscience, a view into one of the most productive collaborations in the field, and some of the best examples of scientific writing in the literature. * David Ferster, Professor of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, USA *Beginning around 1960, David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel took the study of the brain and its development from the realm of philosophy to biology. These papers and the commentaries that accompany them put the reader inside the heads of the scientists who gave us our modern understanding of the cerebral cortex, often by asking the next logical question, but always with appreciation for the beauty of the system. * Michael P. Stryker, W.F. Ganong Professor of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, USA *Table of ContentsPART I: INTRODUCTION AND BIOGRAPHIES; PART II: BACKGROUND TO OUR RESEARCH; PART III: NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY; PART IV: DEPRIVATION AND DEVELOPMENT; PART V: THREE REVIEWS

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Book SynopsisA Life Worth Living brings together the latest thought on positive psychology from an international cast of scholars. It includes historical, philosophical, and empirical reviews of what psychologists have found to matter for personal happiness and well-being. The contributions to this volume agree on principles of optimal development that start from purely material and selfish concerns, but then lead to ever broader circles of responsibility embracing the goals of others and the well-being of the environment; on the importance of spirituality; on the development of strengths specific to the individual.Rather than material success, popularity, or power, the investigations reported in this volume suggest that personally constructed goals, intrinsic motivation, and a sense of autonomy are much more important. The chapters indicate that hardship and suffering do not necessarily make us unhappy, and they suggest therapeutical implications for improving the quality of life. Specific topics Trade Review"This is a unique book, as the field itself is rather new. It would be a great textbook for a graduate course and is highly interesting reading that is recommended for those in the provision of mental health services."--Doody's "One of the next major scientific human accomplishments is our understanding and commitment to engage all aspects of 'well-being' in our lives. Anyone interested in being on the leading edge of this quickly advancing science must read this collection of papers from the First International Positive Psychology Summit." --Jim Clifton, Chairman & CEO, The Gallup Organization "The eminent authors of this volume present exciting new developments in the field of positive psychology, outlining the latest scientific thinking on how to increase quality of life by fostering people's strengths, virtues, and well-being." --Ed Diener, PhD, Alumni Distinguished Professor of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Editor, Perspectives on Psychological Science, and Journal of Happiness Studies "Transformational! A Life Worth Living brings a new level of insight and clarity to the emerging positive psychology pathway. Its poetic title hints at the rich depth of meaningful discussion that ensues--offering a profound new view of the human condition. Csikszentmihalyi brings art to the new science." --Michael W. Morrison, Ph.D., Dean, University of Toyota "A Life Worth Living distills the research and the wisdom of many of the leaders of positive psychology. The Gallup Organization has done the field a great service in bringing the work of these key investigators together in one volume." --George E. Vaillant, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital Cover art by Eric P. Olesen "This book offers psychology a number of seductive challenges: to become a science that takes values seriously, prioritize health alongside pathology, and to develop interventions that aim to promote autonomy, resilience and enduring well-being. It upholds models and strategies that may help people to remain functional and optimistic in the presence of distress. Ultimately, it successfully frames positive psychology as rather more than just positive thinking."--The Psychologist "This is a unique book, as the field itself is rather new. It would be a great textbook for a graduate course and is highly interesting reading that is recommended for those in the provision of mental health services."--Doody's "One of the next major scientific human accomplishments is our understanding and commitment to engage all aspects of 'well-being' in our lives. Anyone interested in being on the leading edge of this quickly advancing science must read this collection of papers from the First International Positive Psychology Summit." --Jim Clifton, Chairman & CEO, The Gallup Organization "The eminent authors of this volume present exciting new developments in the field of positive psychology, outlining the latest scientific thinking on how to increase quality of life by fostering people's strengths, virtues, and well-being." --Ed Diener, PhD, Alumni Distinguished Professor of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Editor, Perspectives on Psychological Science, and Journal of Happiness Studies "Transformational! A Life Worth Living brings a new level of insight and clarity to the emerging positive psychology pathway. Its poetic title hints at the rich depth of meaningful discussion that ensues--offering a profound new view of the human condition. Csikszentmihalyi brings art to the new science." --Michael W. Morrison, Ph.D., Dean, University of Toyota "A Life Worth Living distills the research and the wisdom of many of the leaders of positive psychology. The Gallup Organization has done the field a great service in bringing the work of these key investigators together in one volume." --George E. Vaillant, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital Cover art by Eric P. Olesen "This book offers psychology a number of seductive challenges: to become a science that takes values seriously, prioritize health alongside pathology, and to develop interventions that aim to promote autonomy, resilience and enduring well-being. It upholds models and strategies that may help people to remain functional and optimistic in the presence of distress. Ultimately, it successfully frames positive psychology as rather more than just positive thinking."--The PsychologistTable of ContentsPART I - HISTORICAL AND THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ; PART II - POSITIVE EXPERIENCES ; PART III - LIFE-LONG POSITIVE DEVELOPMENT

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Book SynopsisHow can we best describe the processes by which we visually perceive our environment? Contemporary perceptual theory still lacks a coherent theoretical position that encompasses both the limitations on the information that can be retained from a single eye fixation and the abundant phenomenal and behavioural evidence for the perception of an extended and coherent world. As a result, many leading theorists and researchers in visual perception are turning with new or renewed interest to the work of Julian Hochberg.For over 50 years, in his own experimental research, in his detailed consideration of examples drawn from a wide range of visual experiences and activities, and most of all in his brilliant and sophisticated theoretical analyses, Hochberg has persistently engaged with the myriad problems inherent in working out the kind of coherent theoretical position the field currently lacks. The complexity of his thought and the wide range of areas into which Hochberg has pursued the solution to this central problem have, however, limited both the accessibility of his work and the appreciation of his accomplishment.In this volume we seek to bring the full range of Hochberg''s work to the attention of a wider audience by offering a selection of his key works, many taken from out-of-print or relatively inaccessible sources. To facilitate the understanding of his accomplishment, and of what his work has to offer to contemporary researchers and theorists in visual perception, we include commentaries on salient aspects of his work by 20 noted researchers.In the Mind''s Eye will be of interest to researchers working on topics such as perceptual organisation, visual attention, space perception, motion perception, visual cognition, the relationship between perception and action, picture perception, and film, who are striving to obtain a deeper understanding of their own fields, and who want to integrate this understanding into a broader, unified view of visual perceptual processing.Trade Review"To anyone interested in perception in general, and how we view pictures and movies in particular, I highly recommend this book."--Perception "To anyone interested in perception in general, and how we view pictures and movies in particular, I highly recommend this book."--Perception "This volume is most welcome and its editors should be applauded. The book makes Hochberg's many important papers readily available and makes apparent his major contributions and influence."--American Journal of PsychologyTable of ContentsSECTION I: SELECTED PAPERS OF JULIAN HOCHBERG

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Book SynopsisWritten by the world''s leading memory scientists in a highly accessible language, this volume brings together facts and theories of cognitive psychology; memory development in childhood and old age; memory impairment in brain injury and disease; the emergence of memory functions from the brain; as well as reviews of current behavioral, neuroimaging, and computer simulation theories of memory. The last decades in particular have seen the emergence of a genuine science of memory, based first on behavioral studies and more recently on the new technologies of brain scanning. These recent studies have resulted in theories that are rich, complex, and far-reaching in their implications. The Oxford Handbook of Memory lays out these theories, and the evidence on which the theories are based. The important new discoveries of the last few years are described, along with their consequences for professionals in the areas of law, engineering, and clinical medicine.Endel Tulving and Fergus Craik, tTrade Review"Tulving and Craik's splendid handbook will be the standard source book in the field for years to come. This is for three reasons. The first is the thoroughness of the coverage of memory--experimental, theoretical, developmental, clinical, and brain-based approaches are all well covered. The second is that virtually all the eminent researchers in the field have been persuaded to contribute. The third consists in the thoroughness and depth of their contributions and of the way that they have been edited."--Tim Shallice, University College London"Everything in life is memory, save for the thin edge of the present. This incredible volume tackles what is both known and unknown about this crucial and sustaining mental function. It is the most important book on the subject ever published."--Michael S. Gazzaniga, Dartmouth University"A unique resource on human memory providing an exhaustive coverage of the current state of scientific study in this area, this handbook discusses theories and data primarily from experimental, cognitive, neuropsychological, and developmental perspectives. The editors organize the material in four parts: basic presuppositions, concepts, and methods in a historical context; critical discussion of what has been discovered; memory applied in the real world; and the neuroscience of memory, an area of research the editors refer to as holding the most promise for yielding new information through advancing technology. The applied section extends the experimental findings in the laboratory to the role of memory in everyday life and to areas such as the development of memory in children and the decline of memory in aging and pathological conditions. . . . Highly recommended for academic libraries at all levels."--Choice"Summarizes the research findings over the past decades that comprise the new science of memory, based first on behavioral studies and more recently on brain scanning. Contributors set out the various theories and the evidence they are based on, and explore the consequences for professionals in law, engineering, and clinical medicine. Among the topics are the development of memory, its contents, its use in the laboratory and in daily life, its decline, and its organization. Students and researchers in psychology or the neurosciences would probably find most interest."--SciTech Book News"This is an epic tome summarizing the general state of knowledge in the science of human memory. Sixty eminent contributors, all of whom have done extensive research in this vast field, contributed a total of 39 chapters which outline experimental results and theory in their areas of expertise. A brief epilogue provides thoughtful commentary on how the field has grown and changed over the past 60 years, form the views of Bartlett and Lashley to current views on neural nets, brain imaging, and the fast pace of current research which provides constant surprises and requires frequent updating. It is safe to say the editors and contributors have succeeded in producing a highly interesting book, remarkable in its breadth and thoroughness. As readers and fellow researchers, we can feel ourselves fortunate that such a diverse and interesting field has been treated so well." -- Psychological Reports, Vol 87, 2000"The OHM describes the growth of memory research from its nadir in the 1950s to the present and presents summaries of contemporary scientific knowledge about a variety of memory topics. The 60 authors constitute a "Who's Who" in the field of memory, virtually guaranteeing that the reports on memory are state of the art. Even specialists will benefit from the coverage of subjects in which they have expertise. All chapters are informative and of high caliber. There is no comprehensive advanced textbook of memory currently on the market nor has there been one since the middle 1970s. The reason is simple: no one could possibly write one, certainly not one with the scope and level of information present in the OHM. This volume, then fills a gap that has needed filling for years. For now, the OHM is the gold standard and all memory professionals are in debt of the editors and authors for its existence." -- Canadian Psychology, 42:2"...provides the reader with a sound and thorough grounding in current theoretical memory frameworks and the methodologies and empirical findings on which they are based...useful for advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, healthcare professionals such as physicians and other professionals who may have relevant work-related interests, such as lawyers and social workers. Informed laypeople may well also find sections of this text to be quite accessible and-without doubt-informative."--Brain A journal of neurologyFebruary 2002"This volume is a collection of 40 articles about memory mainly from the perspective of experimental psychology. This set of introductory articles should be quite valuable for beginning graduate students."--Journal of Mathematical Psychology"This is a monumental, 700-pages handbook on studies of memory, compiled by and directed to psychologists. Each "chapter" is actually an essay written by a luminary of the field. The early chapters introduce the terminology and the issues at stake. Then specialists survey work on short-term memory, memory encoding, learning, metamemory, memory at various life stages, memory disorders, etc. The book is obviously not for the casual reader. On the other hand, it is filled with valuable experimental data and references to technical literature that will help any psychologist and scholar conduct studies on memory." -- Piero Scaruffi, Thymos.com"...[T]his would appear to be the first dedicated handbook devoted to the cognitive science of memory....Certainly, the coverage in this book is extensive. Everything you wanted to know about the various leading-edge fields of human cognitive memory research is here, and written by eminent researches." Journal of the International Neuropsychological SocietyTable of ContentsPART I: STUDY OF MEMORY; PART II: MEMORY IN THE LABORATORY; MEMORY JUDGMENTS; PART III: MEMORY IN LIFE; PART IV: ORGANIZATION OF MEMORY

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Book SynopsisThis is a POD only reprint of a 2002 philosophy monograph, which discusses themes related to motivation and human action.Trade Review"This is a thoughtful, detailed, empirically informed, and trenchant discussion of some main ideas and issues at the center of our understanding of the phenomenon of motivation --including especially motivation of intentional action and intention, but also including motivation of belief. Mele's book makes contributions to our understanding of intentional action, of the relation between motivation and normativity, of practical reasoning, of self control, of forms of agency sometimes seen as distinctively human, and of motivated belief...The book makes many detailed and significant contributions to various contemporary discussions and will be of significant interest to a wide range of scholars of human action."--Michael Bratman, Stanford University"Why do we do what we do? Alfred Mele attempts to answer this question and related ones by drawing from the fields of action theory, philosophy of mind, moral philosophy, and even empirical psychology. The result is a book that is clearly written, shows a command of the contemporary literature in a number of fields, and attempts to offer rigorous solutions that nonetheless take into account commonsense opinions about the topics."--Review of Metaphysics

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Book SynopsisStudies of mind, thought and reason have tended to marginalize the role of bodily form, real-world action, and environmental backdrop. In recent years, both in philosophy and cognitive science, this tendency has been identified and, increasingly, resisted. The result is a plethora of work on what has become known as embodied, situated, distributed, and even ''extended'' cognition. Work in this new, loosely knit field depicts thought and reason as in some way inextricably tied to the details of our gross bodily form, our habits of action and intervention, and the enabling web of social, cultural, and technological scaffolding in which we live, move, learn, and think. But exactly what kind of link is at issue? And what difference might such a link or links make to our best philosophical, psychological, and computational models of thought and reason? These are among the large unsolved problems in this increasingly popular field. Drawing upon recent work in psychology, linguistics, neurosTrade Reviewan important book for all cognitive-science theorists of all stripes... Supersizing the Mind will set the terms for many of the coming debates * Evan Thompson, Times Literary Supplement *Table of ContentsForward: By David Chalmers / Acknowledgements / Introduction: BRAINBOUND versus EXTENDED / I: From Embodiment to Cognitive Extension - 1. The Active Body: 1.1 A Walk on the Wild Side; 1.2 Inhabited Interaction; 1.3 Active Sensing; 1.4 Distributed Functional Decomposition; 1.5 Sensing for Coupling; 1.6 Information Self-Structuring; 1.7 Perception, Qualia, and Sensorimotor Expectations; 1.8 Time and Mind; 1.9 Dynamics and (Soft) Computation.; 1.10 Out from the Bedrock; 2. The Negotiable Body: 2.1 Where the Rubber Meets the Road; 2.2 What's in an Interface?; 2.3 New Systemic Wholes; 2.4 Substitutes; 2.5 Incorporation Vs Use; 2.6 Towards Cognitive Extension; 2.7 Three Grades of Embodiment; 3. Material Symbols: 3.1 Language as Scaffolding; 3.2 Augmenting Reality; 3.3 Sculpting Attention; 3.4 Hybrid Thoughts?;3.5 From Translation to Coordination; 3.6 Second-order Cognitive Dynamics; 3.7 Self-made Minds.;4. World, Incorporated: 4.1 Cognitive Niche Construction: A Primer; 4.2 Cognition in the Globe: A Cameo; 4.3 Thinking Space; 4.4 Epistemic Engineers; 4.5 Exploitative Representation and Wide Computation; 4.6 Tetris: The Update; 4.7 The Swirl of Organization; 4.8 Extending the Mind; 4.9 BRAINBOUND versus EXTENDED: The Case So Far.; II. Boundary Disputes - 5. Mind Re-bound?: 5.1 EXTENDED Anxiety; 5.2 Pencil Me In; 5.3 The Odd Coupling; 5.4 Cognitive Candidacy; 5.5 The Mark of the Cognitive?; 5.6 Kinds and Minds; 5.7 Perception and Development; 5.8 Deception and Contested Space; 5.9 Folk Intuition and Cognitive Extension; 5.10 Asymmetry and Lopsideness; 5.11 Similarity vs Complementarity; 5.12 Hippo-World; 6. The Cure for Cognitive Hiccups (HEMC, HEC, HEMC): 6.1 Rupert's Challenge; 6.2 HEC versus HEMC; 6.3 Parity and Cognitive Kinds (Again); 6.4 The Persisting Core; 6.5 Cognitive Impartiality; 6.6 A Brain Teaser; 6.7 Thoughtful Gestures; 6.8 Material Carriers; 6.9 Loops as Mechanisms; 6.10 Anarchic Self-Stimulation; 6.11Autonomous Coupling; 6.12 Why the HEC?; 6.13 The Cure; 7. Rediscovering the Brain: 7.1 Matter into Mind; 7.2.Honey, I Shrunk the Representations; 7.3 Change Spotting: The Sequel; 7.4 Thinking about Thinking: The Brain's Eye View.: 7.5 Born-Again Cartesians?; 7.6 Surrogate Situations; 7.7 Plug Points; 7.8 Brain Control; 7.9 Asymmetry Arguments; 7.10 Extended in a Vat; 7.11 The (Situated) Cognizer's Innards; III: The Limits of Embodiment - 8. Painting, Planning, and Perceiving: 8.1 Enacting Perceptual Experience; 8.2 The Painter and the Perceiver; 8.3 Three Virtues of the Strong Sensorimotor Model; 8.4 A Vice: Sensorimotor (Hyper) Sensitivity; 8.5 What Reaching Teaches; 8.6 (Tweaked)Tele-Assistance; 8.7 Sensorimotor Summarizing; 8.8 Virtual Content, Again; 8.9 Beyond the Sensorimotor Frontier; 9. Disentangling Embodiment: 9.1 Three Threads; 9.2 The Separability Thesis; 9.3 Beyond Flesh-eating Functionalism. ; 9.4 Ada, Adder, and Odder; 9.5 A Tension Revealed; 9.6 What Bodies Are; 9.7 Participant Machinery and Morphological Computation; 9.8 Quantifying Embodiment; 9.9 The Heideggerian Theatre / 10. Conclusions: Mindsized Bites / Appendix: The Extended Mind (Andy Clark and David Chalmers)

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Book SynopsisThere are few terms or concepts that have, in the last twenty or so years, rivaled collective memory for attention in the humanities and social sciences. Indeed, use of the term has extended far beyond scholarship to the realm of politics and journalism, where it has appeared in speeches at the centers of power and on the front pages of the world''s leading newspapers. The current efflorescence of interest in memory, however, is no mere passing fad: it is a hallmark characteristic of our age and a crucial site for understanding our present social, political, and cultural conditions. Scholars and others in numerous fields have thus employed the concept of collective memory, sociological in origin, to guide their inquiries into diverse, though allegedly connected, phenomena. Nevertheless, there remains a great deal of confusion about the meaning, origin, and implication of the term and the field of inquiry it underwrites.The Collective Memory Reader presents, organizes, and evaluates pasTrade ReviewThis collection is impressive on so many levels that it is difficult to avoid the pat assessment that this is a 'must-have book' for all scholars and students, novice or veteran, interested in the encompassing subject matter. * Cynthia Comacchio, Wilfrid Laurier University *Table of ContentsPREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; INTRODUCTION: JEFFREY K. OLICK, VERED VINITZKY-SEROUSSI, AND DANIEL LEVY; INTRODUCTION TO PART ONE; EDMUND BURKE, FROM REFLECTIONS ON THE REVOLUTION IN FRANCE; ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE, FROM DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA; FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE, FROM ON THE USES AND DISADVANTAGES OF HISTORY FOR LIFE; ERNST RENAN, FROM WHAT IS A NATION?; SIGMUND FREUD, FROM TOTEM AND TABOO: RESEMBLANCES BETWEEN THE PSYCHIC LIVES OF SAVAGES AND NEUROTICS AND MOSES AND MONOTHEISM; KARL MARX, FROM THE EIGHTEENTH BRUMAIRE OF LOUIS BONAPARTE; KARL MANNHEIM, FROM THE SOCIOLOGICAL PROBLEM OF GENERATIONS; WALTER BENJAMIN, FROM THE STORYTELLER AND THESES ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY; ERNST GOMBRICH, FROM ABY WARBURG: AN INTELLECTUAL BIOGRAPHY; THEODOR ADORNO, FROM VALERY PROUST MUSEUM AND IN MEMORY OF EICHENDORFF; LEV VYGOTSKY, FROM MIND IN SOCIETY; FREDERIC BARTLETT, FROM REMEMBERING: A STUDY IN EXPERIMENTAL AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; CARL BECKER, FROM EVERYMAN HIS OWN HISTORIAN; GEORGE HERBERT MEAD, FROM THE NATURE OF THE PAST; CHARLES HORTON COOLEY, FROM SOCIAL PROCESS; EMILE DURKHEIM, FROM THE ELEMENTARY FORMS OF RELIGIOUS LIFE; MAURICE HALBWACHS, FROM THE COLLECTIVE MEMORY; MARC BLOCH, FROM MEMOIRE COLLECTIVE, TRADITION ET COUTUME: A PROPOS D'UN LIVRE RECENT [COLLECTIVE MEMORY, CUSTOM, AND TRADITION: ABOUT A RECENT BOOK]; CHARLES BLONDEL, FROM REVUE CRITIQUE: M. HALBWACHS LES CADRES SOCIAUX DE LA MEMOIRE [CRITICAL REVIEW OF M. HALBWACHS LES CADRES SOCIAUX DE LA MEMOIRE]; ROGER BASTIDE, FROM THE AFRICAN RELIGIONS OF BRAZIL: TOWARD A SOCIOLOGY OF THE INTERPENETRATION OF CIVILIZATIONS; LLOYD WARNER, FROM THE LIVING AND THE DEAD: A STUDY OF THE SYMBOLIC LIFE OF AMERICANS; E.E. EVANS-PRITCHARD, FROM THE NUER: A DESCRIPTION OF THE MODES OF LIVELIHOOD AND POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS OF A NILOTIC PEOPLE; CLAUDE LEVI-STRAUSS, FROM THE SAVAGE MIND; INTRODUCTION TO PART TWO; HANS-GEORG GADAMER, FROM TRUTH AND METHOD; EDWARD CASEY, FROM REMEMBERING: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY; PETER BURKE, FROM HISTORY AS SOCIAL MEMORY; ALLAN MEGILL, FROM HISTORY, MEMORY, IDENTITY; ALON CONFINO, FROM COLLECTIVE MEMORY AND CULTURAL HISTORY: PROBLEMS OF METHOD; YOSEF YERUSHALMI, FROM ZAKHOR: JEWISH HISTORY AND JEWISH MEMORY; JAN ASSMANN, FROM MOSES THE EGYPTIAN: THE MEMORY OF EGYPT IN WESTERN MONOTHEISM AND COLLECTIVE MEMORY AND CULTURAL IDENTITY; PETER BERGER, FROM INVITATION TO SOCIOLOGY: A HUMANISTIC APPROACH; EVIATAR ZERUBAVEL, FROM SOCIAL MEMORIES: STEPS TOWARDS A SOCIOLOGY OF THE PAST; JEFFREY K. OLICK, FROM COLLECTIVE MEMORY: THE TWO CULTURES; ROBERT BELLAH, RICHARD MADSEN, WILLIAM M. SULLIVAN, ANN SWIDLER, STEVEN M. TIPTON, FROM HABITS OF THE HEART: INDIVIDUALISM AND COMMITMENT IN AMERICAN LIFE; ANTHONY SMITH, FROM THE ETHNIC ORIGINS OF NATIONS; YAEL ZERUBAVEL, FROM RECOVERED ROOTS: COLLECTIVE MEMORY AND THE MAKING OF ISRAELI NATIONAL TRADITION; BARRY SCHWARTZ, FROM ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND THE FORGE OF AMERICAN MEMORY; INTRODUCTION TO PART THREE; MICHEL FOUCAULT, FROM FILM IN POPULAR MEMORY: AN INTERVIEW WITH MICHEL FOUCAULT; POPULAR MEMORY GROUP, FROM POPULAR MEMORY: THEORY, POLITICS, METHOD; RAPHAEL SAMUEL, FROM THEATRES OF MEMORY; JOHN BODNAR, FROM REMAKING AMERICA: PUBLIC MEMORY, COMMEMORATION AND PATRIOTISM IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY; ROY ROSENZWEIG AND DAVID THELEN, FROM THE PRESENCE OF THE PAST: POPULAR USES OF HISTORY IN AMERICAN LIFE; ERIC HOBSBAWM, FROM INTRODUCTION: INVENTING TRADITIONS; TERENCE RANGER, FROM THE INVENTION OF TRADITION REVISITED: THE CASE OF COLONIAL AFRICA; ORLANDO PATTERSON, FROM SLAVERY AND SOCIAL DEATH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY; RICHARD SENNETT, FROM DISTURBING MEMORIES; MICHAEL SCHUDSON, FROM THE PAST IN THE PRESENT VERSUS THE PRESENT IN THE PAST; GLADYS LANG AND KURT LANG, FROM RECOGNITION AND RENOWN: THE SURVIVAL OF ARTISTIC REPUTATION; LORI DUCHARME AND GARY ALAN FINE, FROM THE CONSTRUCTION OF NONPERSONHOOD AND DEMONIZATION: COMMEMORATING THE 'TRAITOROUS' REPUTATION OF BENEDICT ARNOLD; WULF KANSTEINER, FROM FINDING MEANING IN MEMORY: A METHODOLOGICAL CRITIQUE OF COLLECTIVE MEMORY STUDIES; RON EYERMAN, FROM THE PAST IN THE PRESENT: CULTURE AND THE TRANSMISSION OF MEMORY; JEFFREY ALEXANDER, FROM TOWARD A CULTURAL THEORY OF TRAUMA; INTRODUCTION TO PART FOUR; ANDRE LEROI-GOURHAN, FROM GESTURE AND SPEECH; JACK GOODY, FROM MEMORY IN ORAL AND LITERATE TRADITIONS; MERLIN DONALD, FROM ORIGINS OF THE MODERN MIND: THREE STAGES IN THE EVOLUTION OF CULTURE AND COGNITION; ALEIDA ASSMANN, FROM CANON AND ARCHIVE; PAUL CONNERTON, FROM HOW SOCIETIES REMEMBER; HARALD WELZER, SABINE MOLLER, KAROLINE TSCHUGGNALL, OLAF JENSEN, TORSTEN KOCH, FROM OPA WAR KEIN NAZI: NATIONALSOZIALISMUS UND HOLOCAUST IM FAMILIENGEDACHTNIS [GRANDPA WASN'T A NAZI: NATIONAL SOCIALISM IN FAMILY MEMORY]; MARIANNE HIRSCH, FROM THE GENERATION OF POSTMEMORY; JOHN THOMPSON, FROM TRADITION AND SELF IN A MEDIATED WORLD; GEORGE LIPSITZ, FROM TIME PASSAGES: COLLECTIVE MEMORY AND AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE; BARBIE ZELIZER, FROM WHY MEMORY'S WORK ON JOURNALISM DOES NOT REFLECT JOURNALISM'S WORK ON MEMORY; DANIEL DAYAN AND ELIHU KATZ, FROM MEDIA EVENTS: THE LIVE BROADCASTING OF HISTORY; REINHARDT KOSELLECK, FROM WAR MEMORIALS: IDENTITY FORMATIONS OF THE SURVIVORS; JAMES YOUNG, FROM AT MEMORY'S EDGE: AFTER-IMAGES OF THE HOLOCAUST IN CONTEMPORARY ART; VERED VINITZKY-SEROUSSI, FROM COMMEMORATING A DIFFICULT PAST: YITZHAK RABIN'S MEMORIALS; M. CHRISTINE BOYER, FROM THE CITY OF COLLECTIVE MEMORY: ITS HISTORICAL IMAGERY AND ARCHITECTURAL ENTERTAINMENTS; DANIELE HERVIEU-LEGER, FROM RELIGION AS A CHAIN OF MEMORY; HARALD WEINRICH, FROM LETHE: THE ART AND CRITIQUE OF FORGETTING; ROBIN WAGNER-PACIFICI, FROM MEMORIES IN THE MAKING: THE SHAPES OF THINGS THAT WENT; INTRODUCTION TO PART FIVE; EDWARD SHILS, FROM TRADITION; IAN HACKING, FROM MEMORY SCIENCES, MEMORY POLITICS; PATRICK HUTTON, FROM HISTORY AS ART OF MEMORY; ANTHONY GIDDENS, FROM LIVING IN A POST-TRADITIONAL SOCIETY; DAVID GROSS, FROM LOST TIME: ON REMEMBERING AND FORGETTING IN LATE MODERN CULTURE; JAY WINTER, FROM REMEMBERING WAR: THE GREAT WAR BETWEEN MEMORY AND HISTORY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY; ANDREAS HUYSSEN, FROM PRESENT PASTS: MEDIA, POLITICS, AMNESIA; PIERRE NORA, FROM REASONS FOR THE CURRENT UPSURGE IN MEMORY; CHARLES MAIER, FROM A SURFEIT OF MEMORY? REFLECTIONS ON HISTORY, MELANCHOLY AND DENIAL; FRED DAVIS, FROM YEARNING FOR YESTERDAY: A SOCIOLOGY OF NOSTALGIA; SVETLANA BOYM, FROM NOSTALGIA AND ITS DISCONTENTS; MICHEL-ROLPH TROUILLOT, FROM ABORTIVE RITUALS: HISTORICAL APOLOGIES IN THE GLOBAL ERA; DANIEL LEVY AND NATAN SZNAIDER, FROM MEMORY UNBOUND: THE HOLOCAUST AND THE FORMATION OF COSMOPOLITAN MEMORY; MARK OSIEL, FROM MASS ATROCITY, COLLECTIVE MEMORY, AND THE LAW; AVISHAI MARGALIT, FROM THE ETHICS OF MEMORY; MARC AUGE, FROM OBLIVION; PAUL RICOEUR, FROM MEMORY-FORGETTING-HISTORY; CREDITS; INDEX

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Book SynopsisIt is well-established that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a rich and effective tool for treating a range of anxiety and mood disorders and behavioral disturbances. Most clinicians, however, have not been formally trained in how to administer CBT, and integrating one of the many available manuals detailing week-by-week protocols into their individual clinical practices is a daunting task. Whether brief interventions are desired for use in medication visits or whether key elements of CBT are needed for use in an eclectic treatment practice, clear instruction is needed on how to improve patient outcomes by adapting key components of cognitive-behavioral interventions. 10-Minute CBT provides such guidance with a clear and straightforward account of the principles of CBT that fit into the realities of current practice for clinicians from any interventional perspective. Instead of offering a full regimented program of treatment, this book provides the philosophy and elements of CBT sTable of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction ; Chapter 2 Providing CBT ; Chapter 3 Cognitive Interventions ; Chapter 4 Activity and Exposure Assignments ; Chapter 5 Additional Strategies - Problem Solving and Relaxation Training ; Chapter 6 CBT for Panic Disorder ; Chapter 7 CBT for Depression ; Chapter 8 CBT for Generalized Anxiety Disorder ; Chapter 9 CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder ; Chapter 10 CBT for Insomnia ; Chapter 11 Case Consultations: CBT and Pharmacotherapy ; Appendix of Forms and Handouts ; References

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Book SynopsisAlthough computational models of cognition have become very popular, these models are relatively limited in their coverage of cognition-- they usually only emphasize problem solving and reasoning, or treat perception and motivation as isolated modules. The first architecture to cover cognition more broadly is Psi theory, developed by Dietrich Dorner. By integrating motivation and emotion with perception and reasoning, and including grounded neuro-symbolic representations, Psi contributes significantly to an integrated understanding of the mind. It provides a conceptual framework that highlights the relationships between perception and memory, language and mental representation, reasoning and motivation, emotion and cognition, autonomy and social behavior. It is, however, unfortunate that Psi''s origin in psychology, its methodology, and its lack of documentation have limited its impact. The proposed book adapts Psi theory to cognitive science and artificial intelligence, by elucidatingTrade Review"...outstanding...Overall, Bach inspires the reader to embrace the possibilities of AI, and his account of PSI theory and hte MicroPSI architecture and framework provide us with an exciting and fruitful new perspective on cognitive science and the philosophy of the mind."--PsycCRITIQUESTable of Contents1. Machines to explain the mind ; 2. Dorner's "blueprint for a mind" ; 3. Representation of and for mental processes ; 4. Behavior control and action selection ; 5. Language and future avenues ; 6. Dorner's PSI agent implementation ; 7. From PSI to MicroPSI: Reprsentations in the PSI Model ; 8. The MicroPSI architecture ; 9. The MicroPSI framework ; 10. Summary: The PSI theory as a model of cognition ; References ; Index

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Book SynopsisThe cognitive and neural sciences have been on the brink of a paradigm shift for over a decade now. The traditional information-processing framework in psychology, with its computer metaphor of the mind, is still considered to be the mainstream approach. However, the dynamical-systems perspective on mental activity is now receiving a more rigorous treatment, allowing it to move beyond the trendy buzzwords that have become associated with it. The Continuity of Mind will help to galvanize the forces of dynamical systems theory, cognitive and computational neuroscience, connectionism, and ecological psychology that are needed to complete this paradigm shift. In this book, Michael Spivey lays bare the fact that comprehending a spoken sentence, understanding a visual scene, or just thinking about the day''s events involves the coalescing of different neuronal activation patterns over time, i.e., a continuous state-space trajectory that flirts with a series of point attractors. As a result,Trade Review"In this fascinating book, Spivey challenges the long-standing practice of focusing on behavior as a sequence of perception, cognition, and action based on discrete stimulus-response events...[using] wonderful, lucid prose. The book is scholarly...but well worth the effort. An invaluable resource for those interested in psychology, cognitive neuroscience, computer science, philosophy, and related fields, this volume will serve both the present andthe next generation of cognitive scientists."--Choice "In this fascinating book, Spivey challenges the long-standing practice of focusing on behavior as a sequence of perception, cognition, and action based on discrete stimulus-response events...[using] wonderful, lucid prose. The book is scholarly...but well worth the effort. An invaluable resource for those interested in psychology, cognitive neuroscience, computer science, philosophy, and related fields, this volume will serve both the present and the next generation of cognitive scientists."--ChoiceTable of Contents1. Toward a Continuity Psychology ; 2. Some Conceptual Tools for Tracking Continuous Mental Trajectories ; 3. Some Experimental Tools for Tracking Continuous Mental Trajectories ; 4. Some Simulation Tools for Tracking Continuous Mental Trajectories ; 5. Constructive Feedback for Modularity ; 6. On the Temporal Dynamics of Categorization ; 7. Temporal Dynamics of Language Comprehension ; 8. Temporal Dynamics of Visual Perception ; 9. Temporal Dynamics in Action ; 10. Temporal Dynamics in Reasoning? ; 11. Uniting and Freeing the Mind ; 12. Dynamical (Self-)Consciousness?

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Book SynopsisThe Interactional Instinct presents a theory of language based on linguistic, evolutionary, and biological evidence indicating that language is a culturally inherited artifact that requires no a priori hard wiring of linguistic knowledge. Its structure evolved phylo- genetically from interaction among speakers and is acquired through emotionally entrained interaction with conspecifics.Table of ContentsGrammar as a Complex Adaptive System ; Evidence for Language Emergence ; The Implications of Interaction for the Nature of Language ; Interactional Readiness: Infant-Caregiver Interaction and the Ubiquity of Language Acquisition ; A neurobiology for the Interactional Instinct ; The Interactional Instinct in First and Second Language Acquisition ; Broader Implications of the Interactional Instinct

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Book SynopsisAlthough the idea of hindsight is frequently associated with the biases, distortions, and outright lies of memory--as in the infamous 20-20 scenario or the conviction that one knew it all along--Mark Freeman maintains that this process of looking backward over the terrain of the past can also serve as a profound source of insight, understanding, and self-knowledge. Consider Tolstoy''s harrowing tale of Ivan Ilych, revisiting his past on the eve of his death, only to realize that the life he had been living was a lie. Consider as well the many times in our own lives when, upon reviewing the past, we are able to see what we could not, or would not, see earlier on. Hindsight is also intimately connected to what Freeman calls narrative reflection: Through the distance conferred by time, we can look back on past experiences and see them anew, as episodes in an evolving story. As important as being in the now and living in the moment are, it is no less important to pause at times and, by looTrade ReviewRecipient of the 2010 Theodore Sarbin Award! The Theodore Sarbin Award is intended to honor a specific body of work by an individual psychologist that demonstrates notable achievement in one or more of the fields to which Theodore Sarbin contributed. These include narrative psychology, contextualist theory, social psychological theories of hypnosis, and other innovative theoretical work that is "critical" in the broadest sense of the term. This award is presented annually by the Society for Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology (Division 24). Past winners are Ruthellen Josselson, Donald Polkinghorne, Kenneth Gergen, Dan McAdams, and Jefferson Singer.Mark Freeman is one of the foremost thinkers in the ever-growing field of narrative research. Freeman shows, in a style which is both personal and very scholarly, the richness that perspective brings, as well as its psychological and moral complexity. Freeman has a wonderful ability to pose complex philosophical problems in a style that draws the reader in, intellectually and emotionally. * Molly Andrews, Reader in Sociology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of East London, Co-director, Centre for Narrative Research, University of East London Author of Shaping History and Lifetimes of Commitment *Freeman shows an extraordinary command of the literature on memory and time. His development of the narrative unconscious, narrative foreclosure, and moral lateness are extraordinary contributions to narrative psychology; they widen the conceptual frameworks through which we see and understand how narrative works in our lives, that is, how we actually use narrative and what calls us to narrative over the course of our lives. * Arthur P. Bochner, Distinguished University Professor of Communication, University of South Florida, Author of Composing Ethnography and Ethnographically Speaking *One of the indisputable strengths of this book is its language, its style. Its author displays a rare mastery in transforming complex psychological and moral issues into accessible narratives, into clear and simple storylines. * Jens Brockmeier, Visiting Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Senior Scientist, Department of Psychology, Free University Berlin, Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Narrative Research, University of East London, Co-editor of Health, Illness, and Culture; Literacy, Narrative, and Culture; Narrative and Identity *The scope of this relatively short book is of huge importance, dealing as it does with the perennial issue of how to lead a good life. * Peter G. Coleman, Professor of Psychogerontology, University of Southampton, Co-author of Ageing and Development and Ageing and Reminiscence Processes *This book is a well-written, subtly-reasoned, example-rich, soulful piece of work that helps redeem the familiar phenomenon of hindsight from its typically negative portrayal in mainstream psychology, as an unfortunate distortion of memory, and reclaim it as indeed pivotal to our growth as conscious, moral beings. A good many readers, myself included, will be thrilled to have another book by Freeman in their collection. * William L. Randall, Associate Professor in Gerontology, St. Thomas University, Director, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Narrative, St. Thomas University, Co-author of Reading Our Lives and Ordinary Wisdom *A compelling and fascinating book. Its strengths are that it is written in such a way that one accompanies a gifted thinker and writer through his comments on and dialogue with other gifted thinkers and writers as they ponder the vicissitudes of hindsight. The experience of reading it is like a lengthy conversation with a brilliant friend and one comes away enriched and thoughtful. * Ruthellen Josselson, School of Psychology, Fielding Graduate University, Author of Revising Herself; The Space Between Us; Irvin D. Yalom; and Playing Pygmalion, Co-editor of The Narrative Study of Lives multi-volume series *Mark Freeman is the rare psychologist with the gift of discerning the philosophical undercurrents and the deep moral significance of everyday behavior and consciousness. In this provocative and personal meditation, Freeman explores the nature of memory, narrative, and time in human lives. His intriguing examples and insights will pull you along as you read; and in hindsight, you will look back on your time with Freeman's book as a profound intellectual experience. * Dan P. McAdams, Professor of Human Development and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Professor of Psychology, Northwestern University, Director, Foley Center for the Study of Lives, Northwestern University, Author of The Redemptive Self; The Person; and Power, Intimacy, and the Life Story Co-editor of The Narrative Study of Lives multi-volume series *Freeman's central point in this engaging and stimulating book is that in looking backwards in time we are doing far more than simply recollecting what has happened...To do that he tells stories, including some of his own, he cites literature and philosophy, he proposes thought experiments, and he refers to case material. Above all, he writes in an accessible and engaging style--so much so that at times I forgot he is an academic psychologist. * Kenneth Eisold, American Journal of Psychology *This deeply stimulating book speaks to scholars in psychology, philosophy, the health disciplines, and literature... Hindsight provides an important complement to psychological studies of memory, biases, and self by building on the richness of human experiences in the (re)fashioning of meaning in our lives. We have known at least since Augustine's Confessions how malleable and selective our minds and selves are in the composition of our life narratives. Indeed, Augustine was working hard, per hindsight, to demonstrate God's determinist designs and absolute truths to an implicit audience. Freeman's efforts, however, invite us to embrace the complex vagaries of the human condition as we construct and reconstruct meaning, within the contexts of our local, cultural, and historical lives. * Ulrich Teucher, Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada, British Journal of Psychology *Table of ContentsIntroduction. The Power of Hindsight Chapter One. Hindsight, Narrative, and Moral Life Chapter Two. The Narrative Information Chapter Three. Moral Lateness Chapter Four. The Narrative Unconscious Chapter Five. Narrative Foreclosure Chapter Six. The Truth of Story Chapter Seven. The Good Life Coda. Hindsight and Beyond Bibliographic Note References Index

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Book SynopsisIn the past decade, the field of comparative cognition has grown and thrived. No less rigorous than purely behavioristic investigations, examinations of animal intelligence are useful for scientists and psychologists alike in their quest to understand the nature and mechanisms of intelligence. Extensive field research of various species has yielded exciting new areas of research, integrating findings from psychology, behavioral ecology, and ethology in a unique and wide-ranging synthesis of theory and research on animal cognition. This updated edition of The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Cognition contains sections on perception and illusion, attention and search, memory processes, spatial cognition, conceptualization and categorization, problem solving and behavioral flexibility, and social cognition processes. The authors have incorporated new findings and new theoretical approaches that reflect the current state of the field, including findings in primate tool usage, pattern learniTrade ReviewThose who study comparative cognition find themselves in a particularly prosperous time . . . A diversity of available species to study, opportunities for increased national and international collaboration, and technological advances offer us a greater opportunity for data collection and dissemination than at any time in history. The present book attests to how these opportunities can produce compelling research programs that serve as excellent models for the future of comparative cognition. * Michael J. Beran in PsycCRITIQUES (for the previous edition) *This book is an outstanding collection of chapters by an exceptional group of researchers. A unique aspect of this collection is the strong reliance on experimental science in each of the research programs. One chapter after another provides a critical analysis of the state of knowledge about a fascinating cognitive ability. How do animals perceive, order, and categorize the world? Do animals remember their own past? Do species differ in their sense of time and space? How flexible are animals in the use of tools and in their problem solving? Are there unique social cognitive processes? Each of these well-written chapters contains enough detail to provide the reader with the information necessary to reach their own conclusions about the validity of an argument. Everyone interested in the cognitive and intellectual capacities of animals should read this book. * Peter Balsam, Samuel R Milbank Professor of Psychology, Barnard College and Columbia University (for the previous edition) *This book is a gem. It brings together a large, readable, and rich set of chapters by an international group of experts on many of the most important topics in the study of cognitive processes in animals. It will be a 'must read' for students and scientists who are curious about the state of the art of the modern science of comparative cognition. * Mark E. Bouton, Professor of Psychology, University of Vermont (for the previous editon) *This impressive compendium shows the remarkable breadth and depth of current experimental research in comparative cognition. It is sure to become a major landmark in long history of this continually evolving field. * Michael Domjan, Professor of Psychology, University of Texas (for the previous edition) *Comparative Cognition will be an invaluable resource for all working or being interested in the wide field of comparative psychology and neuroscience. * European Journal of Neurology (for the previous edition) *Excellent book...Highly recommended. * Choice (for the previous edition) *Table of ContentsContents ; 1. Introduction to the Oxford Handbook of Comparative Cognition ; Edward A. Wasserman and Thomas R. Zentall ; I. Perception and Illusion ; 2. Grouping and Segmentation in human and nonhuman primates ; Joel Fagot, Isabelle Barbet, and Carole Parron ; 3. Seeing What Is Not There: Illusion, Completion, and Spatiotemporal Boundary Formation in Comparative Perspective ; Kazuo Fujita ; 4. The Cognitive Chicken: Visual and Spatial Cognition in a Nonmammalian Brain ; Giorgio Vallortigara ; 5. New Perspectives on Absolute Pitch in Birds and Mammals ; Ronald G. Weisman, Douglas J. K. Mewhort, Marisa Hoeschele, and Christopher B. Sturdy ; II. Attention and Search ; 6. Reaction-time Explorations of Visual Perception, Attention, and Decision in Pigeons ; Donald S. Blough ; 7. The Competition for Attention in Humans and Other Animals ; David A. Washburn and Lauren A. Taglialatela ; 8. Establishing frames of reference for finding hidden goals: The use of multiple spatial cues by nonhuman animals and people ; Brett Gibson ; III. Learning and Causation ; 9. Contemporary thought on the environmental cues that affect causal attribution ; Michael E. Young ; 10. Associative Accounts of Causality Judgments ; Martha Escobar and Ralph R. Miller ; 11. Rational Rats: Causal Inference and Representation ; Aaron P. Blaisdell and Michael R. Waldmann ; 12. Contrast: A More Parsimonious Account of Cognitive Dissonance Effects ; Thomas R. Zentall, Rebecca A. Singer, Tricia S. Clement, Andrea M. Friedrich, and Jerome Alessandri ; IV. Memory Processes ; 13. Methodological Issues in Comparative Memory Research ; Thomas R. Zentall ; 14. Memory Processing ; Anthony A. Wright ; 15. The Questions of Temporal and Spatial Displacement in Animal Cognition ; William A. Roberts ; 16. Animal Metacognition ; J. David Smith, Michael J. Beran, and Justin J. Couchman ; 17. A comparative analysis of episodic memory: Cognitive mechanisms and neural substrates ; H. Eichenbaum, Magdalena Sauvage, Norbert Fortin, Jonathan Robitsek, and Robert Komorowski ; 18. Spatial, Temporal, and Associative Behavioral Functions Associated with Different Subregions of the Hippocampus ; Raymond P. Kesner, Andrea M. Morris, and Christy S.S. Weeden ; V. Spatial Cognition ; 19. Arthropod Navigation: Ants, Bees, Crabs, Spiders Finding Their Way ; Ken Cheng ; 20. Comparative Spatial Cognition: Encoding of Geometric Information from Surfaces and Landmark Arrays. ; Debbie M. Kelly and Marcia L. Spetch ; 21. Corvid Caching: The Role of Cognition ; S. R. De Kort, N. J. Emery, and N. S. Clayton ; VI. Timing and Counting ; 22. Behavioristic, Cognitive, Biological, and Quantitative Explanations of Timing ; Russell M. Church ; 23. Sensitivity to Time: Implications for the Representation of Time ; Jonathon D. Crystal ; 24. Comparative cognition of number representation ; Dustin J. Merritt, Nicholas K. DeWind, and Elizabeth M. Brannon ; 25. Similarities Between Temporal and Numerosity Discriminations ; J. Gregor Fetterman ; VII. Categorization and Concept Learning ; 26. A modified feature theory as an account of pigeon visual categorization ; Ludwig Huber and Ulrike Aust ; 27. Artificial Categories and Prototype Effects in Animals ; Masako Jitsumori ; 28. Relational Discrimination Learning in Pigeons ; Robert G. Cook and Edward A. Wasserman ; 29. Similarity and Difference in the Conceptual Systems of Primates: The Unobservability Hypothesis ; Jennifer Vonk and Daniel J. Povinelli ; VIII. Pattern Learning ; 30. Spatial Patterns: Behavioral Control and Cognitive Representation ; Michael F. Brown ; 31. The Organization of Sequential Behavior: Conditioning, Memory, and Abstraction ; Stephen B. Fountain, James D. Rowan, Melissa D. Muller, Shannon M. A. Kundey, Laura R. G. Pickens, and Karen E. Doyle ; 32. The Comparative Psychology of Ordinal Knowledge ; Herbert Terrace ; 33. Truly Random Operant Responding: Results and Reasons ; Greg Jensen, Claire Miller, and Allen Neuringer ; 34. From Momentary Maximizing to Serial Response Times and Artificial Grammar Learning ; Charles P. Shimp, Walter Herbranson, and Thane Fremouw ; IX. Problem Solving, Behavioral Flexibility, and Tool Use ; 35. Intelligences and Brains: An Evolutionary Bird's Eye View ; Juan D. Delius and Julia A. M. Delius ; 36. Transitive inference in nonhuman animals ; Olga F. Lazareva ; 37. Dolphin Problem Solving ; Stan A. Kuczaj II and Rachel T. Walker ; 38. <"What>" and <"Where>" Analysis and Flexibility in Avian Visual Cognition ; Shigeru Watanabe ; X. Social Cognition Processes ; 39. Social Learning in Rats: Historical Context and Experimental Findings ; Bennett G. Galef ; 40. What Is Challenging About Tool Use? The Capuchin's Perspective ; Elisabetta Visalberghi and Dorothy Fragaszy ; 41. Inter-species social learning in dogs: The inextricable roles of phylogeny and ontogeny ; Monique A. R. Udell, Nicole R. Dorey, Clive D. L. Wynne ; 42. Social learning: strategies, mechanisms and models ; Kevin N. Laland, Lewis Dean, Will Hoppitt, Luke Rendell & Mike M. Webster ; 43. Chimpanzee Social Cognition in Early Life: Comparative-Developmental Perspective ; Masaki Tomonaga, Masako Myowa-Yamakoshi, Yuu Mizuno, Sanae Okamoto, Masami K. Yamaguchi, Daisuke Kosugi, Kim A. Bard, Masayuki Tanaka, Tetsuro Matsuzawa ; 44. Social Learning and Culture in Primates: Evidence from Free-Ranging and Captive Populations ; Elizabeth E. Price and Andrew Whiten ; Epilogue: ; 45. Postscript: An Essay on the Study of Cognition in Animals ; Stewart H. Hulse ; Index

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Book SynopsisHuman beings are active agents who can think. To understand how thought serves action requires understanding how people conceive of the relation between cause and effect, between action and outcome. In cognitive terms, how do people construct and reason with the causal models we use to represent our world? A revolution is occurring in how statisticians, philosophers, and computer scientists answer this question. Those fields have ushered in new insights about causal models by thinking about how to represent causal structure mathematically, in a framework that uses graphs and probability theory to develop what are called causal Bayesian networks. The framework starts with the idea that the purpose of causal structure is to understand and predict the effects of intervention. How does intervening on one thing affect other things? This is not a question merely about probability (or logic), but about action. The framework offers a new understanding of mind: Thought is about the effects of iTable of Contents1. Agency and the Role of Causation in Mental Life ; Part I. The Theory ; 2. The Information Is in the Invariants ; 3. What Is a Cause? ; 4. Causal Models ; 5. Observation Versus Action ; Part II. Evidence and Application ; 6. Reasoning About Causation ; 7. Decision Making via Causal Consequences ; 8. The Psychology of Judgment: Causality Is Pervasive ; 9. Causality and Conceptual Structure ; 10. Categorical Induction ; 11. Locating Causal Structure in Language ; 12. Causal Learning ; 13. Conclusion: Causation in the Mind ; Notes ; References ; Index

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Book SynopsisAnxiety looms large in historical works of philosophy and psychology. It is an affect, philosopher Bettina Bergo argues, subtler and more persistent than our emotions, and points toward the intersection of embodiment and cognition. While scholars who focus on the work of luminaries as Freud, Levinas, or Kant often study this theme in individual works, they seldom draw out the deep and significant connections between various approaches to anxiety. This volume provides a sweeping study of the uncanny career of anxiety in nineteenth and twentieth century European thought. Anxiety threads itself through European intellectual life, beginning in receptions of Kant''s transcendental philosophy and running into Levinas'' phenomenology; it is a core theme in Schelling, Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, and Nietzsche. As a symptom of an interrogation that strove to take form in European intellectual culture, Angst passes through Schelling''s romanticism into Schopenhauer''s metaphysical vitalism, beforTrade Review...what stands out is [Bergo's] capacity to inflect familiar material with uncanny resonances, without much editorial prodding. The Nietzsche we encounter here, for example, is one concerned with 'two pairs of anxiety': embodied pathos and reactive resentment, as well as mourning the death of God and rendering it the 'ultimate transvaluation' through eternal recurrence. The result is a demystified, non-reductive picture of Nietzsche that is theologically unavoidable and plausibly resonant with current conceptions of emergent consciousness. Later in the book, it is refreshing to see Husserl's work on time consciousness and passive synthesis described so clearly and with such a suggestive eye toward the theme of affect. In Bergo's account, we get a convincing sense both of his setting a 'new formal groundwork for psychology,' and of his role as a target for subsequent deformalizing dismantlings. * Continental Philosophy Review *Bergo (Univ. of Montreal) offers a wide-ranging but by no means superficial examination of the present-day notion of anxiety and its philosophical context. The philosophical story can be said to have begun with Kant's transcendental project as a response to the inadequacies of both empiricism and rationalism, but it travels through many major European philosophers of the 19th and 20th centuries. Bergo shows the sometimes surprising connections between and among Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Husserl, Heidegger, Levinas, and other thinkers. There are also several side trips to scientists such as Darwin, Ekman, and Freud—as anxiety itself turns out to lie somewhere between human cognition and human emotion, between mind and body. Anxiety might at first appear to play a minor role in philosophy, but Bergo shows that it can be an important key....Summing Up: Recommended. Lower-division undergraduates through faculty and professionals. * CHOICE *This is a remarkably detailed study, and unlike many of the large and avowed exhaustive histories of philosophy, this one makes no claim to such. Bettina Bergo does something wonderfully creative. Instead of advancing a genealogy of anxiety, she makes a double move of examining the, in fact, fear of power, the desire for liberty without responsibility, and in doing so examines the conundrums of evasion. The work is valuable as a performance of its own philosophical concerns, and for scholars interested in fresh readings of canonical figures of Euromodern continental philosophy. This is a beautifully written, extraordinarily well-researched work that should generate a stir not only among scholars researching on the history of Euromodern philosophy, but also those interested in a rich understanding of subjectivity beyond pronouncements of eradication of its mark--in a word, 'the' subject.' * Lewis Gordon, Professor and Department Head of Philosophy, University of Connecticut *Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Ambiguities of Anxiety: Select History of a Theme in 19th century and 20th Century Philosophy and Psychology Chapter 1. The New Philosophy: Kant's Transcendental Revolution and the Fate of Emotions in German Philosophy Excursus I. From Kant to Hegel via Philippe Pinel Chapter 2. Anxiety, Freedom, and Evil: Schelling and Groundless Life Chapter 3. The Dialectics of Affect: Anxiety and Despair in Kierkegaard Excursus II. The Universality of Emotions? Darwin's The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) Chapter 4. Schopenhauer, Life, and the Affects of the Noumenal Chapter 5. Nietzsche and the Intensification of the Dialectic of Anxiety: Mourning and Transvaluation Chapter 6. Freud and the Three Anxieties Excursus III: Husserl: The Problem of Affective Forces, Einfühlung, and a Phenomenological Un-conscious Chapter 7. Heidegger I: Angst in Heidegger's Fundamental Ontology: The Debts to Husserl and Kierkegaard Chapter 8. Heidegger II Angst, the Temporalization of Dasein, and the Temporality of "Life" Chapter 9. Emmanuel Levinas and the Anxiety of Intersubjective Origins General Conclusion

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Book SynopsisOur ability to acknowledge and recognise our own identity - our ''self'' - is a characteristic doubtless unique to humans. Where does this feeling come from? How does the combination of neurophysiological processes coupled with our interaction with the outside world construct this coherent identity? We know that our social interactions contribute via the eyes, ears etc. However, our self is not only influenced by our senses. It is also influenced by the actions we perform and those we see others perform. Our brain anticipates the effects of our own actions and simulates the actions of others. In this way, we become able to understand ourselves and to understand the actions and emotions of others. This book is the first to describe the new field of ''Motor Cognition'' - one to which the author''s contribution has been seminal. Though motor actions have long been studied by neuroscientists and physiologists, it is only recently that scientists have considered the role of actions in building the self. How consciousness of action is part of self-consciousness, how one''s own actions determine the sense of being an agent, how actions performed by others impact on ourselves for understanding others, differentiating ourselves from them and learning from them: these questions are raised and discussed throughout the book, drawing on experimental, clinical, and theoretical bases.The advent of new neuroscience techniques, like neuroimaging and direct electrical brain stimulation, together with a renewal of behavioral methods in cognitive psychology, provide new insights into this area. Mental imagery of action, self-recognition, consciousness of actions, imitation can be objectively studied using these new tools. The results of these investigations shed light on clinical disorders in neurology, psychiatry and in neuro-development.This is a major new work that will lay down the foundations for the field of motor cognition.Trade ReviewThis book is a tour de force covering encompassing neuropsychology, neurophysiology, philosophy, neuoimaging, comparative neurobiology and clinical studies to support a thought provoking perspective on motor functioning. I would recommend this book to those interested in the study of neural production of movements... * BMA Medical Book Competition 2007 *...this accumulation of findings and ideas by a foremost researcher in the field would undoubtedly be of benefit to postgraduates and academics of the subject. * The Psychologist *Table of Contents1. Representations for actions ; 1.1 Definitions ; 1.2 Neural models of action representations ; 1.3 Functional models of action representation ; 2. Imagined actions as a prototypical form of action representation ; 2.1 The kinematic content of motor images ; 2.2 Dynamic changes in physiological parameters during motor imagery ; 2.3 The functional anatomy of motor images ; 2.4 The consequences of the embodiment of action representations ; 3. Consciousness of self-produced actions and intentions ; 3.1 Consciousness of actions ; 3.2 Consciousness of intentions ; 4. The sense of agency and the self/other distinction ; 4.1 Sense of ownership and sense of agency in self-identification ; 4.2 The nature of the mechanism for self-identification ; 4.3 The problem of the self/other distinction ; 4.4 Failure of self-recognition/attribution mechanisms in pathological states ; 5. How do we perceive and understand the actions of others ; 5.1 The perception of faces and bodies ; 5.2 The perception of biological motion ; 5.3 The understanding of others' actions ; 5.4 Functional implications of the mirror system in motor cognition ; 5.5 The role of the mirror system in action imitation ; 6. The simulation hypothesis of motor cognition ; 6.1 Motor simulation: a hypothesis for explaining action representations ; 6.2 Motor cognition and social cognition ; 6.3 Motor simulation and language understanding ; Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThe cooperative action of different regions of our brains gives us an amazing capacity to perform activities as diverse as playing the piano and hitting a tennis ball. Somehow, without conscious effort, our eyes find the information we need to operate successfully in the world around us. The development of head-mounted eye trackers over recent years has made it possible to record where we look during different active tasks, and so work out what information our eyes supply to the brain systems that control our limbs. We are now in a position to explore the strategies that the eye movement system uses in the initiation and guidance of action.Looking and Acting examines a wide range of visually guided behaviour, from sedentary tasks like reading and drawing, to dynamic activities such as driving and playing cricket. A central theme is that the eye movement system has its own knowledge about where to find the most appropriate information for guiding action - information not usually availabTable of ContentsPRELIMINARIES ; 1. Introduction ; 2. The human eye movement repertoire ; 3. How our eyes question the world ; OBSERVATIONS ; 4. Sedentary tasks ; 5. Domestic tasks ; 6. Locomotion on foot ; 7. Driving ; 8. Ball games: when to look where? ; 9. Social roles of eye movements ; COMMENTARIES ; 10. Representations of the visual world ; 11. Neuroscience of gaze and action ; 12. Attention, memory and learning

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Book SynopsisA profoundly arresting integration of the faculties of the mind - of how we think, speak, and see the world. Written with an informality that belies the originality of its insights and the radical nature of its conclusions, this is the author's most important book since his groundbreaking Foundations of Language in 2002.Trade ReviewRay Jackendoff is a monumental scholar in linguistics who, more than any scholar alive today, has shown how language can serve as a window into human nature. Combining theoretical depth with a love of revealing detail, Jackendoff illuminates human reason and consciousness in startling and insightful ways. * Steven Pinker *Ray Jackendoff has an uncanny ability to ask interesting and pressing questions. Anyone interested in language and thought should ask such questions. The asking itself is the primary intellectual act - that, and of course the ordering of the asking, which is by no means obvious and constantly problematical, as he well knows and kindly informs the reader. As for providing answers, pivotal questions may have answers, but they are complex and never simple and thus require extremely careful expression. In his effort to treat his readers in a way that is warm and friendly, he sometimes employs phrases ("kind of," "sort of," "well, like," and other things relaxed speakers tend to say) which I do not find essential, but which for others will surely have the effect of making the issues clear and comprehensible. * Peter Bloom, Professor of Humanities, Smith College *Clear and concise. The pace is perfect: very short chapters making for a very enjoyable read ... As an introduction to a cognitivist perspective on linguistic meaning and thought, this is an extremely helpful book in both tone and content. * Tadeusz Zawidzki, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews *Table of ContentsPART ONE: LANGUAGE, WORDS, AND MEANING; PART TWO: CONSCIOUSNESS AND PERCEPTION; PART THREE: REFERENCE, TRUTH, AND THOUGHT; PART IV: A LARGER VIEW

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Book SynopsisProvides a comprehensive development and defense of one of the guiding assumptions of evolutionary psychology: that the human mind is composed of a large number of semi-independent modules. This book is a useful reading for those with an interest in the nature and organization of the mind.Trade ReviewNo one will read The Architecture of the Mind without being informed, stimulated, challenged and inspired. It is essential reading. * Keith Frankish, The Philosophical Quarterly *For over a decade, the massive modularity hypothesis has been center-stage in debates about cognitive architecture and evolutionary psychology. In this bold, wide-ranging and ambitious book, Carruthers sets out and defends what is, by far, the clearest and most plausible version of the massive modularity hypothesis to be found in the literature. He also explores the often surprising implications of his version of massive modularity for a wide range of issues including creativity, consciousness, norms and scientific reasoning. This is the best sort of interdisciplinary research - innovative, broadly informed, and crystal clear. It's essential reading for anyone interested in how the human mind works and how it evolved. * Stephen Stich, Rutgers University *Carruthers's book - ostensibly a defence of "massive modularity" - provides what is surely the richest and most complete picture of the mind to date, laying out the structure of human and animal minds with unparalleled empirical richness and philosophical rigour. It is one of the most important books in the philosophy of mind in decades. A truly monumental achievement. * Stephen Laurence, University of Sheffield *A magnificent defence of the massive modularity thesis, showing how this view of the mind - and only this view - is compatible with both our understanding of human evolution and of human creativity. * Steven Mithen FBA, Professor of Early Prehistory, University of Reading *The Architecture of the Mind is as brave as it is massive. At time a when most mainstream cognitive psychologists have dismissed the possibility that the mind might be importantly modular, Carruthers has launched a valiant, state-of-the-art defense, touching on insights from biology, animal behavior, and experimental psychology. If you care about the modularity hypothesis - and every cognitive scientist should - you owe it to yourself to read this book. * Gary Marcus, New York University and Director of the NYU Infant Language Learning Center *It is a sweeping synthesis, covering a vast range of material, while arguing persuasively for an architecture of the mind (and brain!) that is more all encompassing but somewhat weaker than Fodorian modularity. For anyone interested in the current status of the modularity hypothesis, this is a must-read. * Randy Gallistel, Prof of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Rutgers University *Table of Contents1. The Case for Massively Modular Models of Mind ; 2. The Architecture of Animal Minds ; 3. Modules of the Human Mind ; 4. Modularity and Flexibility: the First Steps ; 5. Creative Cognition in a Modular Mind ; 6. The Cognitive Basis of Science ; 7. Distinctively Human Practical Reason ; 8. Conclusion to the Volume

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Book SynopsisIn this, the first of two ground-breaking volumes on the nature of language in the light of the way it evolved, James Hurford looks at how the world first came to have a meaning in the minds of animals and how in humans this meaning eventually came to be expressed as language. He reviews a mass of evidence to show how close some animals, especially primates and more especially apes, are to the brink of human language. Apes may not talk to us but they construct rich cognitive representations of the world around them, and here, he shows, are the evolutionary seeds of abstract thought - the means of referring to objects, the memory of events, even elements of the propositional thinking philosophers have hitherto reserved for humans. What then, he asks, is the evolutionary path between the non-speaking minds of apes and our own speaking minds? Why don''t apes communicate the richness of their thoughts to each other? Why do humans alone have a unique disposition to reveal their thoughts in Trade Reviewthis is a model exercise in how substantial theorizing about language evolution can be achieved. It is entertainingly written but not oversimplistic, interdisciplinary but not at the expense of rigor; and [Hurford] is open about the limits of his own expertise, yet never afraid to stretch them. He is to be congratulated on formulating insights that he offers with a precision that makes disagreement, hence advances, possible ... this is a delightful and thought-provoking read. [Hurford] has set in train a rich vein of research that continues to provide an unceasing flow of insights. I warmly recommend it and very much look forward to its follow-up volume. * Ruth Kempson, Language18/04/2011 *we are fortunate when scholars like Hurford...offer us carefully constructed proposals based on years of toil... both accessible and respectful of the reader's intelligence. * N.J.Enfiled, Times Literary Supplement *very readable and satisfying book...admirably persuasive and thought provoking... * Grover Hudson, Linguistlist *Has Hurford achieved his goal of describing the evolutionary foundations of language? Yes, elegantly and in accomplished detail. * Nature *valuable * Roy Harris, Times Higher Education Supplement *A wonderful read - lucid, informative, and entertaining, while at the same time never talking down to the reader by sacrificing argumentation for the sake of "simplicity". It is likely to be heralded as the major publication dealing with language evolution to date. * Frederick J. Newmeyer, University of Washington *Hurford's aim is nothing less than to bring language into Darwin's reach. Many attempts to press natural selection into innovative service fail through too analogical an approach failing to mesh with the realities of some other discipline. Hurford's sheer practicality and professional appreciation of modern biology have produced a work of the highest academic seriousness that would without question have delighted Darwin himself. The project can fairly be described as the abolition of the division between linguistics and biology, and has significant broad implications for philosophers and social scientists, as well as more focussed ones for biologists, linguists and anthropologists. * Alan Grafen, Professor of Theoretical Biology, University of Oxford *To explain the evolution of language, one must explain the evolution of both a system of communication and a system of thought - a way of representing and communicating about the world. In The Origins of Meaning, James Hurford does just this. Writing as a linguist, he clarifies for biologists the complexities that must be explained in an evolutionary account of language, while at the same time illuminating for his colleagues in linguistics the rich communicative and representational abilities of animals - from which we can begin to reconstruct the semantic and pragmatic origins of language. The Origins of Meaning is synthetic, provocative, and intellectually rich. * Robert Seyfarth, professor of psychology, University of Pennsylvania, and co-author of Baboon Metaphysics. *[a] fascinating examination... * Morning Star *...a unique, interdisciplinary story of the development of language as we know it today... Hurford is undoubtedly comfortable with his subject matter. He weaves science and theory together expertly. * Science and Spirit *Table of ContentsPART I MEANING BEFORD COMMUNICATION ; 1. Let's Agree on Terms ; 2. Animals Approach Human Cognition ; 3. A New Kind of Memory Evolves ; 4. Animals Form proto-propositions ; 5. Towards Human Semantics ; PART II COMMUNICATION: WHAT AND WHY? ; 6. Communication by Dyadic Acts ; 7. Going Triadic: Precursors of Reference ; 8. Why Communicate? Squaring With Evolutionary Theory ; 9. Cooperation, Fair Play and Trust in Primates ; 10. Epilogue ; Bibliography ; Index

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Book SynopsisPsychology is a comparatively young science. From its origins in the psychophysics laboratories of late 19th century Germany, it made great strides throughout the 20th century, and can now be considered one of the most rapidly growing of the sciences, as evidenced by the enormous growth at both undergraduate level and research level. This book takes a step back to consider just how we got to where we are in psychology. It brings together some of the leading and most influential figures from the past 50 years, covering neuropsychology, social psychology, experimental psychology, perception, physiology and many others. Each contributor considers the path their own field has taken - both the advances, and the set-backs. They look at how their area has changed - how it might have been ''in vogue'' one day, and out of fashion the next. The accounts are personal, witty, and provide a much needed stock-take of just where psychology stands at the start of the 21st century, and where it might bTable of ContentsIntroduction ; 1. The ups and downs of cognitive psychology: attention and other 'executive functions' ; 2. Psychology in the 1950s: a personal view ; 3. Learning theory and the cognitive revolution 1961-1971 ; 4. Face recognition in our time ; 5. Cognitive science now and then ; 6. Aging memory - aging memories ; 7. Psycholinguistics in our time ; 8. Two brains; my life in science ; 9. A perception of perception ; 10. Social psychology in our time: from 'fun and games' to grown-up science ; 11. Thirty years of object recognition ; 12. Reasoning ; 13. Weber's Law ; 14. Fifty years of memory neuropsychology research: methods 5, theory 2 ; 15. Mental chronometry: long past, bright future ; 16. A life in grey areas: cognitive gerontology from 1950 to 2007 ; 17. From little slips to big disasters: an error quest ; 18. Visual perception 1950 - 2000 ; 19. Human performance from then to now ; 20. The perception of time ; 21. From effects to systems in neuropsychology ; 22. Experimental psychopathology and psychological treatment

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Book SynopsisAims to bring phenomenology and analytic philosophy together, by demonstrating how work in phenomenology may help in analytic research, and how analytical philosophy of mind may shed light on phenomenological concerns. This book includes essays on topics as consciousness, intentionality, perception, action, self-knowledge, and temporal awareness.Trade ReviewPhenomenology and Philosophy of Mind shows how to use phenomenology in a fruitful way * Mind & Machine *...informative about the several, important respects in which phenomology meets the analytic tradition...a welcome addition to the expanding literature on the subject. * Dimitris Platchias, Journal of Consciousness Studies 13/03 *Table of ContentsI. THE PLACE OF PHENOMENOLOGY IN PHILOSOPHY OF MIND ; II: SELF-AWARENESS AND SELF-KNOWLEDGE ; III. INTENTIONALITY ; IV. UNITIES OF CONSCIOUSNESS ; V. PERCEPTION, SENSATION, AND ACTION

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Book SynopsisGuiding the work of most linguists and philosophers of language today is the assumption that language is governed by prescriptive normative rules. Many believe that it is of the essence of thought itself to follow rules, rules of inference determining the intentional contents of our concepts, and that these rules originate as internalized rules of language. However, exactly what it is for there to be such things as normative rules of language remains distressingly unclear. From what source do these norms flow? What sanctions enforce them? What happens, exactly, if you don''t follow the rules? How do children learn the rules?Ruth Millikan presents a radicallly different way of viewing the partial regularities that language displays, the norms and conventions of language. The central norms applying to language, like those norms of function and behavior that account for the survival and proliferation of biological traits, are non-evaluative norms. Specific linguistic forms survive and areTrade ReviewThe essays are carefully organized to present Millikan's account of language in a novel, systemic manner...it's unapologetically ambitious, uncommonly though-provoking, and is full of insights, in every chapter. Moreover, she does often succeed at making her ideas more accessible than in other of her works...this new collection is often fascinating and consistently thought-provoking, and many of her claims that seem on first look to be obviously wrong become, over time, utterly compelling. The book is a challenge, but it's worth it. * Brian Epstein, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews *the individual essays of Language serve to confirm Millikan's status as one of the most innovative and compelling thinkers of our time. * Emma Borg, Times Literary Supplement *Ruth Garrett Millikan is one of the most important thinkers in philosophy of mind and language of the current generation. * Emma Borg, Times Literary Supplement *Table of Contents1. Language Conventions Made Simple ; 2. In Defense of Public Language ; 3. Meaning, Meaning, and Meaning ; 4. The Son and the Daughter: On Sellars, Brandom, and Millikan ; 5. The Language-Thought Partnership ; 6. Why (most) Kinds are not Classes ; 7. Cutting Philosophy of Language Down to Size ; 8. Proper Function and Convention in Speech Acts ; 9. Pushmi-pullyu Representations ; 10. Semantics/Pragmatics (Purposes and Cross-Purposes)

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Book SynopsisThinking and reasoning, long the academic province of philosophy, have over the past century emerged as core topics of empirical investigation and theoretical analysis in the modern fields of cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience. Formerly seen as too complicated and amorphous to be included in early textbooks on the science of cognition, the study of thinking and reasoning has since taken off, brancing off in a distinct direction from the field from which it originated.The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning is a comprehensive and authoritative handbook covering all the core topics of the field of thinking and reasoning. Written by the foremost experts from cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience, individual chapters summarize basic concepts and findings for a major topic, sketch its history, and give a sense of the directions in which research is currently heading. Chapters include introductions to foundational issues and methods of study in the field, as well as treatment of specific types of thinking and reasoning and their application in a broad range of fields including business, education, law, medicine, music, and science. The volume will be of interest to scholars and students working in developmental, social and clinical psychology, philosophy, economics, artificial intelligence, education, and linguistics.Trade Review"This rich and complex book tackles the vagaries of the mind in a neuroscientific framework, but it is not a survey or introductory manual to be read casually. It requires an intense passion for studying this area and in-depth understanding of the concepts to truly reap its rewards." -- DOODY'S "This is an excellent volume on the growing field of thinking and reasoning, now a part of high-level human cognition which includes creative thinking, decision making and problem solving. These have of late become increasingly important areas of inquiry and scientific research. The better we understand ourselves and others, the happier are the lives we can lead. The editors and contributors therefore deserve to be applauded for this monumental work which contributes immensely to understanding ourselves and our thoughts." -- BizIndia "This comprehensive treatment of human thinking should be of value to anyone who is interested in human cognition and the many ways in which it can be conceptualized, modeled, and studied. Holyoak and Morrison in the Oxford Handbook also provide suggestions for organizing the chapters in the book for use as a text for advanced undergraduates (very advanced, I'd add) and graduate students. All of these potential readers should find many issues worth thinking about in the 836 pages of this book." -- PsycCRITIQUESTable of Contents1. Thinking and Reasoning: A Reader's Guide ; Keith J. Holyoak and Robert G. Morrison ; Part One: General Approaches to Thinking and Reasoning ; 2. Normative Systems: Logic, Probability, and Rational Choice ; Nick Chater and Mike Oaksford ; 3. Bayesian Inference ; Tom Griffiths, Josh Tenenbaum, and Charles Kemp ; 4. Knowledge Representation ; Arthur B. Markman ; 5. Computational Modeling of Higher Cognition ; Leonidas A. A. Doumas and John E. Hummel ; 6. Neurocognitive Methods in Higher Cognition ; Robert G. Morrison and Barbara Knowlton ; 7. Mental Function as Genetic Expression: Emerging Insights from Cognitive Neurogenetics ; Adam E. Green and Kevin N. Dunbar ; Part Two: Deductive, Inductive, and Abductive Reasoning ; 8. Dual-process Theories of Reasoning: Facts and Fallacies ; Jonathan St. B. T. Evans ; 9. Inference in Mental Models ; P. N. Johnson-Laird ; 10. Similarity ; Robert L. Goldstone and Ji Yun Son ; 11. Concepts and Categories: Memory, Meaning, and Metaphysics ; Lance J. Rips, Edward E. Smith, and Douglas L. Medin ; 12. Causal Learning and Inference ; Marc Buehner and Patricia W. Cheng ; 13. Analogy and Relational Reasoning ; Keith J. Holyoak ; 14. Explanation and Abductive Inference ; Tania Lombrozo ; 15. Rational Argument ; Ulrike Hahn and Mike Oaksford ; Part Three: Judgment and Decision Making ; 16. Decision Making ; Robyn A. LeBoeuf and Eldar Shafir ; 17. Judgment Heuristics ; Dale Griffin ; 18. Cognitive Hierarchies and Emotions in Behavioral Game Theory ; Colin Camerer and Alec Smith ; 19. Moral Judgment ; Michael Waldmann, Jonas Nagel, and Alex Wiegmann ; 20. Motivated Thinking ; Daniel C. Molden and E. Tory Higgins ; Part Four: Problem Solving, Intelligence, and Creative Thinking ; 21. Problem Solving ; Miriam Bassok and Laura R. Novick ; 22. On the Distinction between Rationality and Intelligence: Implications for Understanding Individual Differences in Reasoning ; Keith E. Stanovich ; 23. Cognition and the Creation of Ideas ; Steve M. Smith and Tom B. Ward ; 24. Insight ; J. Jason van Steenburgh, Jessica I. Fleck, Mark Beeman, and John Kounios ; 25. Genius ; Dean Keith Simonton ; Part Five: Ontogeny, Phylogeny, Language, and Culture ; 26. Development of Thinking in Children ; Susan A. Gelman and Brandy N. Frazier ; 27. The Human Enigma ; Derek Penn and Dan Povinelli ; 28. Language and Thought ; Lila Gleitman and Anna Papafragou ; 29. Thinking in Society and Culture ; Tage Rai ; Part Six: Modes of Thinking ; 30. Development of Quantitative Thinking ; John Opfer and Robert Siegler ; 31. Visuospatial Thinking ; Mary Hegarty and Andrew T. Stull ; 32. Gesture in Thought ; Susan Goldin-Meadow and Susan Wagner Cook ; 33. Impact of Aging on Thinking ; Shannon McGillivray, Michael C. Friedman, and Alan D. Castel ; 34. The Cognitive Neuroscience of Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia ; Peter Bachman and Tyrone D. Cannon ; Part Seven: Thinking in Practice ; 35. Scientific Thinking and Reasoning ; Kevin N. Dunbar and David Klahr ; 36. Legal Reasoning ; Barbara A. Spellman and Fred Schauer ; 37. Medical Reasoning and Thinking ; Vimla L. Patel, Jose F. Arocha, and Jiajie Zhang ; 38. Thinking in Business ; Jeffrey Lowenstein ; 39. Musical Thought ; William Forde Thompson and Paolo Ammirante ; 40. Learning to Think: Cognitive Mechanisms of Knowledge Transfer ; Ken Koedinger and Ido Roll

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Book SynopsisLeader-member exchange (LMX) is the foremost dyadic theory in the leadership literature. Whereas contemporary leadership theories such as transformational, servant, or authentic leadership theories focus on the effects of leader behaviors on employee attitudes, motivation, and team outcomes, relational leadership theory views the dyadic relationship quality between leaders and members as the key to understanding leader effects on members, teams, and organizations. This approach views trust- and respect-based relationships as the cornerstone of leadership.LMX has grown from a new theory in the 1970s to a mature area of research in 2015. Interest in this theory has increased rapidly over the past four decades, and the pace of research in this area continues to accelerate dramatically. The Oxford Handbook of Leader-Member Exchange takes stock of the literature to examine its roots, what is currently known, what research gaps may exist, and what areas are in need of the most urgent researcTable of ContentsPart One: Foundations of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) ; 1. Introduction to This Handbook ; Talya N. Bauer & Berrin Erdogan ; 2. Leader-Member Exchange (LMX): Construct Evolution, Contributions, and Future Prospects for Advancing Leadership Theory ; David V. Day & Darja Miscenko ; 3. LMX Measurement ; Robert C. Liden, Junfeng Wu, Aarn Xiaoyun Cao & Sandy J. Wayne ; 4. Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) from the Resource Exchange Perspective: Beyond Resource Predictors and Outcomes of LMX ; Jared C. Law-Penrose, Kelly Schwind Wilson & David Taylor ; 5. Leader-Member Exchange and Justice ; Suzanne S. Masterson & Marcia L. Lensges ; Part Two: Antecedents of LMX ; 6. How and Why High Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Relationships Develop: Examining the Antecedents of LMX ; Jennifer D. Nahrgang & Jungmin Jamie Seo ; 7. Leader and Follower Personality and LMX ; Brigit Schyns ; Part Three: Consequences of LMX ; 8. LMX and Work Attitudes: Is There Anything Left Unsaid or Unexamined? ; Olga Epitropaki & Robin Martin ; 9. Leader-Member Exchange and Performance: Where We Are and Where We Go from Here ; Fadel K. Matta & Linn Van Dyne ; 10. LMX and Creativity ; Pamela Tierney ; 11. Leader-Member Exchange from a Job-Stress Perspective ; Sabine Sonnentag & Alexander Pundt ; 12. Leader-Member Exchange and Emotion in Organizations ; Herman H. M. Tse, Ashlea C. Troth & Neal M. Ashkanasy ; 13. Leader-Member Exchange and Newcomer Adjustment ; Le Zhou & Mo Wang ; 14. Consequences of High LMX: Career Mobility and Success ; Maria L. Kraimer, Scotte E. Seibert & Stacy L. Astrove ; Part Four: LMX Beyond the Dyad ; 15. LMX Differentiation: Understanding Relational Leadership at Individual and Group Levels ; Smriti Anand, Prajya R. Vidyarthi, & Hae Sang Park ; 16. Tracing Structure, Tie Strength, and Cognitive Networks in LMX Theory and Research ; Raymond T. Sparrowe & Cecile Emery ; 17. Leader-Member Exchange and Organizational Culture and Climate ; Vicente Gonzalez-Roma ; Part Five: Issues in LMX ; 18. "Good" Leadership: Using Corporate Social Responsibility to Enhance Leader-Member Exchange ; Drew B. Mallory & Deborah E. Rupp ; 19. Relational Leadership through the Lens of International LMX Research ; Ekin K. Pellegrini ; 20. Diversity and LMX Development ; Caren Goldberg & Patrick F. McKay ; 21. Does Age Matter to LMX and Its Outcomes? A Review and Future Research Directions ; Donald M. Truxillo & Gabriela Burlacu ; 22. Wrap Up and Future Research Directions ; Berrin Erdogan & Talya Bauer

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Book SynopsisThe Oxford Handbook of Metamemory investigates the human ability to evaluate and control learning and information retrieval processes.Trade Review"The Handbook of Metamemory offers a comprehensive, perceptive and engaging tour of theory and research on metamemory. Cognitive psychologists and learning scientists will find it an invaluable, up-to-date resource on this vital topic." --Philip H. Winne, Professor and Associate Dean of Graduate Studies & Research, Faculty of Education, Simon Fraser University "This new handbook provides a commanding overview of research on students' (and others') knowledge about their memories, with chapters written by leading experts in the field. The book is perfect for graduate or advanced undergraduate seminars." --Henry L. Roediger, III, James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Psychology, Washington University in St. LouisTable of ContentsThe Oxford Handbook of Metamemory ; Edited by John Dunlosky and Sarah K. Tauber ; Part I. Preface (R. Bjork) ; Part II. Introduction to Metamemory ; 1. A Brief History of Metamemory Research and Handbook Overview (Tauber and Dunlosky) ; 2. Methodology for Investigating Human Metamemory: Problems and Pitfalls (Dunlosky, Mueller, and Thiede) ; 3. Internal Mapping and Its Impact on Measures of Absolute and Relative Metacognitive Accuracy (Higham, Zawadzka, and Hanczakowski) ; Part III. Metamemory Monitoring: Classical Judgments ; 4. Judgments of Learning: Methods, Data, and Theory (Rhodes) ; 5. Introspecting on the Elusive: The Uncanny State of the Feeling of Knowing (Thomas, Lee, and Hughes) ; 6. Tip-of-the-Tongue States, Deja Vu Experiences, and Other Odd Metacognitive Experiences (Schwartz and Cleary) ; 7. Sources of Bias in Judgment and Decision Making (Tidwell, Buttaccio, Chrabaszcz, and Dougherty) ; 8. The Self-Consistency Theory of Subjective Confidence (Koriat and Adiv) ; 9. Metacognitive Aspects of Source Monitoring (Kuhlmann and Bayen) ; Part IV. Metamemory Monitoring: Special Issues ; 10. Monitoring and Regulation of Accuracy in Eyewitness Memory: Time to Get Some Control (Hollins and Weber) ; 11. Metamemory and Education (Soderstrom, Yue, and Bjork) ; 12. Prospective Memory: A Framework for Research on Metaintentions (Smith) ; 13. Metamemory and Affect (Efklides) ; 14. Do Nonhuman Animals Have Metamemory? (Washburn) ; 15. Looking Back and Forward on Hindsight Bias (Bernstein, Assfalg, Kumar, and Ackerman) ; Part V. Control of Memory ; 16. The Metacognitive Foundations of Effective Remembering (Fiechter, Benjamin, and Unsworth) ; 17. Self-Regulated Learning: An Overview of Theory and Data (Kornell and Finn) ; 18. The Need for Metaforgetting: Insights for Directed Forgetting (Sahakyan and Foster) ; 19. Quality Control in Memory Retrieval and Reporting (Goldsmith) ; 20. Three Pillars of False Memory Prevention: Orientation, Evaluation, and Corroboration (Gallo and Lampinen) ; Part VI. Neurocognition of Metamemory ; 21. The Ghost in the Machine: Self-Reflective Consciousness and the Neuroscience of Metacognition (Metcalfe and Schwartz) ; 22. The Cognitive Neuroscience of Source Monitoring (Mitchell) ; 23. Anosognosia and Metacognition in Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from Experimental Psychology (Ernst, Moulin, Souchay, Mograbi, and Morris) ; 24. Metamemory in Psychopathology (Izaute and Bacon) ; Part VII. Development of Metamemory ; 25. The Development of Metacognitive Knowledge in Children and Adolescents (Schnieder and Loffler) ; 26. Monitoring Memory in Old Age: Impaired, Spared, and Aware (Castel, Middlebrooks, and McGillivray) ; 27. Development of Control Processes in Adulthood (Hertzog) ; Index

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Book SynopsisThe Overcoming Insomnia treatment program uses evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) methods to correct poor sleep habits.Trade ReviewThe workbook and the therapist guide are significant contributions to this field. This second edition provides updates which impact the conceptualization of insomnia and the delivery of cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of insomnia. The authors are prominent experts in the field of insomnia and its treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy. * M. Isabel L. Crisostomo, MD Rush University Medical Center *Table of ContentsChapter 1 Is This Book Right for Me? ; Chapter 2 Sleep Education ; Chapter 3 Improving Your Sleep ; Chapter 4 Combating Unhelpful Thoughts ; Chapter 5 Troubleshooting ; Appendix Forms and Worksheets ; About the Authors

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Book SynopsisThe Shape of Thought: How Mental Adaptations Evolve presents a road map for an evolutionary psychology of the twenty-first century. It brings together theory from biology and cognitive science to show how the brain can be composed of specialized adaptations, and yet also an organ of plasticity. Although mental adaptations have typically been seen as monolithic, hard-wired components frozen in the evolutionary past, The Shape of Thought presents a new view of mental adaptations as diverse and variable, with distinct functions and evolutionary histories that shape how they develop, what information they use, and what they do with that information. The book describes how advances in evolutionary developmental biology can be applied to the brain by focusing on the design of the developmental systems that build it. Crucially, developmental systems can be plastic, designed by the process of natural selection to build adaptive phenotypes using the rich information available in our social and Trade ReviewRich and thoughtful, this book lays out why, if we want to understand human psychology, neural plasticity, cultural differences and cognitive development, we need evolutionary theory, and an understanding of how humans evolved. In Barrett's hands, the pernicious dichotomy that divides "learning" from "innate" explanations crumbles, leaving only evolutionary explanations, which may involve different types of developmental processes. In setting the house back in order, Barrett synthesizes insights and findings from psychology, culture-gene coevolutionary theory, anthropology, developmental biology and philosophy. He delivers Evolutionary Psychology 2.0. * Joe Henrich, Canada Research Chair in Culture, Cognition and Coevolution, University of British Columbia *In this lucid book, Barrett explains how thinking about the evolution of the mind should shape our understanding of how the mind works. Bringing sophisticated knowledge of evolutionary biology and cognitive science together, he reconciles opposing views about the role learning and culture in the workings of the human mind. This book will be the bible for a broader, more inclusive evolutionary psychology. * Rob Boyd, Origins Professor, Arizona State University *Barrett has read your mind, and knows your questions. He will lead you gently but fiercely through the controversies that surround evolutionary psychology and cognitive science, showing you that one cannot exist without the other. * Leda Cosmides, Center for Evolutionary Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara *Clark Barrett takes the reader from the basics of evolutionary psychology to exciting stuff at the cutting-edge of today's research. He does so with splendid clarity, illuminating examples, and an engaging balance of wisdom and passion. An important book and an excellent read! * Dan Sperber, Professor of Cognitive Science and of Philosophy at the Central European University, Budapest *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ; Introduction: The problem ; Part 1. Evolution ; 1 - Additivism ; 2 - Hill-climbing ; Part 2. Information ; 3 - Adding value ; 4 - Social ontology ; 5 - Minds ; Part 3. Development ; 6 - Development ; 7 - Open ends ; Part 4. Culture ; 8 - Moving targets ; 9 - Culture ; 10 - Accumulation ; Part 5. Architecture ; 11 - Parts ; 12 - Wholes ; 13 - Us ; Conclusion: Possibilities ; References ; Index

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Book SynopsisIn Beyond the Score: Music as Performance, author Nicholas Cook supplants the traditional musicological notion of music as writing, asserting instead that it is as performance that music is loved, understood, and consumed. This book reconceives music as an activity through which meaning is generated in real time, as Cook rethinks familiar assumptions and develops new approaches.Table of ContentsContents ; About the companion web site ; List of figures ; List of media examples ; Introduction ; 1 Plato's curse ; Sounded writing ; Performative turns? ; 2 Page and stage ; Theorist's analysis ; Performer's analysis ; Performance analysis ; 3 What the theorist heard ; Affecting the sentiment ; Spoken melody, or sung speech ; Schenker vs. Schenker ; 4 Beyond structure ; Structure in context ; Mozart's miniature theatre ; Rhetoric old and new ; In time and of time ; 5 Close and distant listening ; Reinventing style analysis ; Forensics vs. musicology ; Performing Poland ; The savour of the Slav ; 6 Objective expression ; Nature's nuance ; Phrase arching in history ; Phrase arching in culture ; 7 Playing somethin' ; Referents and reference ; The work as performance ; 8 Social scripts ; An ethnographic turn ; Sociality in sound ; Performing complexity ; 9 The signifying body ; 31 August 1970, 3.30 am ; The white man's black man ; 10 Everything counts ; Pleasures of the body ; Bodies in sound ; Building bridges ; 11 The ghost in the machine ; Music everywhere ; Original and copy ; Signifying sound ; 12 Beyond reproduction ; The best seat in the hall ; Acoustic choreography ; Rethinking the concert ; Making music together ; List of references

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Book SynopsisKant''s discussion of the relations between cognition and self-consciousness lie at the heart of the Critique of Pure Reason, in the celebrated transcendental deduction. Although this section of Kant''s masterpiece is widely believed to contain important insights into cognition and self-consciousness, it has long been viewed as unusually obscure. Many philosophers have tried to avoid the transcendental psychology that Kant employed. By contrast, Patricia Kitcher follows Kant''s careful delineation of the necessary conditions for knowledge and his intricate argument that knowledge requires self-consciousness. She argues that far from being an exercise in armchair psychology, the thesis that thinkers must be aware of the connections among their mental states offers an astute analysis of the requirements of rational thought.The book opens by situating Kant''s theories in the then contemporary debates about apperception, personal identity and the relations between object cognition and selfTrade ReviewIn Kant's Thinker's pages we find a coherent, plausible, interpretation of the issues surrounding Kant's theory of the cognitive subject: cognition, synthesis, apperception, object-consciousness, the failure of rational psychology, whether thinking is an experience, etc. A significant achievement and a lasting contribution to the field. * Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews *Table of Contents1. Overview ; 1. Introduction ; 2. Interpretive Framework ; 3. Preview ; 4. Current Work on Kant's 'I-Think' ; Part I: Background ; 2. Locke's Internal Sense and Kant's Changing Views ; 1. Locke's Influence ; 2. Locke's Complex Theory of Internal Sense ; 3. Kant's Varied Reactions ; 4. 'Inner Sense' in relation to Kantian 'Apperception' ; 5. Kant's Use of 'Inner Sense' ; 3. Personal Identity and Its Problems ; 1. Locke's Problem ; 2. Leibniz's Criticisms and Additions ; 3. Kant and Hume ; 4. Tetens (and Hume) ; 4. Rationalist Metaphysics of Mind ; 1. The Role of Rationalism ; 2. Leibniz's Elegant 'I-theory' ; 3. Faculties, Powers and Substances ; 4. Rational Psychology ; 5. Consciousness, Self-Consciousness and Cognition ; 1. Introduction ; 2. Locke's 'Reflection' and Leibniz's 'Apperception' ; 3. Self-consciousness and Object cognition ; 4. Self-Consciousness through Self-Feeling ; 5. Summary ; 6. Strands of Argument in the Duisburg Nachla? ; 1. Introduction ; 2. Kant's Objection to the Inaugural Dissertation ; 3. Principles of Appearance and Thought in the Duisburg NachlaB Notion of Apperception? ; 4. What is the Duisburg Nachla?'s Notion of 'Apperception? ; 5. From the Duisburg NachlaB to the Critique ; Part II: Theory ; 7. A Transcendental Deduction for A Priori Concepts ; 1. Kant's Goal ; 2. Clues to the Nature of the Argument ; 3. The First Premise of the Transcendental Deduction ; 4. Apriority and Activity ; 5. A 'Transcendental' Deduction ; 8. Synthesis: Why and How? ; 1. Problems to be Solved ; 2. Kant's Definition ; 3. Synthesis and Objective Reference ; 4. Five Syntheses and Their Relations ; 9. Arguing for Apperception ; 1. Introduction ; 2. 'I-Think' as the 'Cogito'; The One-step Deduction from Judgment ; 3. What Kind of Cognition Is at Issue in the Transcendental Deduction? ; 4. What is the Principle of Apperception? ; 5. The Apperceptive Synthesis of Recognition in a Concept ; 6.Combination and Self-Consciousness in the B Deduction ; 7. Arguing from the Unity of Apperception to the Necessary Applicability of Categories to Intuitions ; 8. Transcendental Apperception, Empirical Apperception and 'Mineness' ; 9. Summary ; 10. The Power of Apperception ; 1. Introduction ; 2. What is the Power/Faculty of Apperception? ; 3. Does the Faculty of Apperception Endure? Is it the 'Inner Principle' of a Substance? ; 4. Does the Power of Apperception Initiate Causal Chains or Provide Impressions of Necessary Connection? ; 5. 'Is it an Experience That I think?' ; 6. Root Powers, Scientific Ideals and the Ground of Appearances ; 11. 'I-Think' as the Destroyer of Rational Psychology ; 1. Understanding Kant's Criticisms ; 2. Kant's Earlier and Later Treatments of Rational Psychology ; 3. 'I-Think' as the Vehicle of the Categories ; 4. 'I-Think' as Analytically Contained in the Concept of Thought ; 5. Does the Analysis of Cognition Imply the Existence of a Thinker? ; 6. Why Can't Thinkers Know Themselves as Such? ; Part III: Evaluation ; 12. Is Kant's Theory Consistent? ; 1. The Old Objection ; 2. The Most Problematic Passage (A251-52) ; 3. The Confusion about the Causes of Sensations ; 4. A Second Look at the Most Problematic Passage ; 5. Criticizing Rationalist Confusions ; 6. What Kant's Epistemology and Metaphysics Imply ; 13. The Normativity Objection ; 1. Psychologism or Noumenalism? ; 2. Scrutinizing Sensations and Adding 'Transcendental Content' ; 3. Forming Concepts and Acquiring the I-Representation ; 4. Making A Priori Principles Explicit and Testing Instances ; 5. Normativity and the I-rule ; Appendix to Chapter 13: Longuenesse on Concept Formation ; 14. Is Kant's Thinker (as Such) a Free and Responsible Agent? ; 1. Introduction ; 2. Texts Linking Theoretical and Practical Reason ; 3. Autonomy and Accountability ; 4. Intellectual Accountability ; 15. Kant our Contemporary ; 1. Supporting and Showing Relevance ; 2. Transcendental Arguments ; 3. Must Rational Cognition involve Self-consciousness? ; 4. A Second Hard Problem of Consciousness? ; 5. Other 'I's

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Book SynopsisMotivation is that which moves us to action. Human motivation is thus a complex issue, as people are moved to action by both their evolved natures and by myriad familial, social and cultural influences. The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation collects the top theorists and researchers of human motivation into a single volume, capturing the current state-of-the-art in this fast developing field. The book includes theoretical overviews from some of the best-known thinkers in this area, including chapters on Social Learning Theory, Control Theory, Self-determination theory, Terror Management theory, and the Promotion and Prevention perspective. Topical chapters appear on phenomena such as ego-depletion, flow, curiosity, implicit motives, and personal interests. A section specifically highlights goal research, including chapters on goal regulation, achievement goals, the dynamics of choice, unconscious goals and process versus outcome focus. Still other chapters focus on evolutionary and bTrade Review"This easy-to-read book covers both theoretical constructs and practical applications, and the findings are supported by research." -- DOODY'STable of ContentsPart One: Introduction ; 1. Motivation and the Organization of Human Behavior: Three Reasons for the Reemergence of a Field ; Richard M. Ryan ; Part Two: General Theories of Human Motivation ; 2. Social Cognitive Theory and Motivation ; Dale H. Schunk and Ellen L. Usher ; 3. Cybernetic Control Processes and the Self-Regulation of Behavior ; Charles S. Carver and Michael F. Scheier ; 4. The Role of Death in Life: Existential Aspects of Human Motivation ; Pelin Kesebir and Thomas Pyszczynski ; 5. Too Much of a Good Thing? Trade-offs in Promotion and Prevention Focus ; Abigail A. Scholer and E. Tory Higgins ; 6. Motivation, Personality, and Development within Embedded Social Contexts: An Overview of Self-Determination Theory ; Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan ; Part Three: Motivational Processes ; 7. Ego-Depletion: Theory and Evidence ; Mark Muraven ; 8. Flow ; Susan A. Jackson ; 9. Implicit-Explicit Motivation Congruence ; Todd M. Thrash, Laura A. Maruskin, and Chris C. Martin ; 10. Curiosity and Motivation ; Paul J. Silvia ; 11. Interest and Its Development ; K. Ann Renninger and Stephanie Su ; Part Four: Goals and Motivation ; 12. Achievement Goals ; Kou Murayama, Andrew J. Elliot, and Ron Friedman ; 13. Goal Pursuit ; Peter M. Gollwitzer and Gabriele Oettingen ; 14. Unconscious Goal Pursuit: Non-Conscious Goal Regulation and Motivation ; Henk Aarts and Ruud Custers ; 15. The Motivational Complexity of Choosing: A Review of Theory and Research ; Erika A. Patall ; 16. On Gains and Losses, Means and Ends: Goal Orientation and Goal Focus across Adulthood ; Alexandra M. Freund, Marie Hennecke, and Maida Mustafi ; Part Five: Motivation in Relationships ; 17. Self-Enhancement and Self-Protection Motives ; Constantine Sedikides and Mark D. Alicke ; 18. The Gendered Body Project: Motivational Components of Objectification Theory ; Tomi-Ann Roberts and Patricia L. Waters ; 19. Relatedness between Children and Parents: Implications for Motivation ; Eva M. Pomerantz, Cecilia Sin Sze Cheung, and Lili Qin ; 20. Avoiding the Pitfalls and Approaching the Promises of Close Relationships ; Shelly L. Gable and Thery Prok ; Part Six: Evolutionary and Biological Perspectives ; 21. Neuroscience and Human Motivation ; Johnmarshall Reeve and Woogul Lee ; 22. Evolved Individual Differences in Human Motivation ; Larry C. Bernard ; 23. Moods of Energy and Tension that Motivate ; Robert E. Thayer ; 24. Effort Intensity: Some Insights from the Cardiovascular System ; Guido H. E. Gendolla, Rex A. Wright, and Michael Richter ; Part Seven: Motivation in Application ; 25. Motivation in Psychotherapy ; Martin Gross Holtforth and Johannes Michalak ; 26. Motivation in Education ; Allan Wigfield, Jenna Cambria, and Jacquelynne S. Eccles ; 27. Advances in Motivation in Exercise and Physical Activity ; Martin S. Hagger ; 28. Work Motivation: Directing, Energizing, and Maintaining Effort (and Research) ; Adam M. Grant and Jihae Shin ; 29. Youth Motivation and Participation in Sport and Physical Activity ; Maureen Weiss, Anthony J. Ambrose, and Lindsay E. Kipp ; 30. Through a Fly's Eye: Multiple Yet Overlapping Perspectives on Future Directions for Human Motivation Research ; Richard M. Ryan and Nicole Legate

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