Chemical biology Books

Book SynopsisCarbohydrate Chemistry provides review coverage of all publications relevant to the chemistry of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in a given year. The amount of research in this field appearing in the organic chemical literature is increasing because of the enhanced importance of the subject, especially in areas of medicinal chemistry and biology. In no part of the field is this more apparent than in the synthesis of oligosaccharides required by scientists working in glycobiology. Clycomedicinal chemistry and its reliance on carbohydrate synthesis is now very well established, for example, by the preparation of specific carbohydrate- based antigens, especially cancer-specific oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. Coverage of topics such as nucleosides, amino-sugars, alditols and cyclitols also covers much research of relevance to biological and medicinal chemistry. Each volume of the series brings together references to all published work in given areas of the subject and serves as a comprehensive database for the active research chemist Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading authorities in the relevant subject areas, the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, with regular, in-depth accounts of progress in particular fields of chemistry. Subject coverage within different volumes of a given title is similar and publication is on an annual or biennial basis.Table of Contents1. Synthetic Vaccines Based on N- and O-Glycopeptidesû Molecular Tools for Immunotherapy and Diagnostics; 2. Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Fragments as Haptens for Potential Anti-Tuberculosis Vaccines; 3. a-Galactosylceramides and Analogues as Important Immunomodulators for Use as vaccine Adjuvants; 4. Synthetic Glycoconjugates Based on Leishmania Lipophosphoglycan Structures as Potential Anti-Leishmaniasis Vaccines; 5. Solution- and Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides 6. Advances in Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycopeptides for Cancer Research Applications 7. Bioorthogonal Chemical Reporter Methodology for Visualization, Isolation and Analysis of Glycoconjugates 8. Azido Leaving Group in Enzymatic Synthesis - Small and Efficient 9. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Functionalized Carbohydrate Azides

Read more less

Book SynopsisCarbohydrate Chemistry provides review coverage of all publications relevant to the chemistry of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in a given year. The amount of research in this field appearing in the organic chemical literature is increasing because of the enhanced importance of the subject, especially in areas of medicinal chemistry and biology. In no part of the field is this more apparent than in the synthesis of oligosaccharides required by scientists working in glycobiology. Clycomedicinal chemistry and its reliance on carbohydrate synthesis is now very well established, for example, by the preparation of specific carbohydrate- based antigens, especially cancer-specific oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. Coverage of topics such as nucleosides, amino-sugars, alditols and cyclitols also covers much research of relevance to biological and medicinal chemistry. Each volume of the series brings together references to all published work in given areas of the subject and serves as a comprehensive database for the active research chemist Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading authorities in the relevant subject areas, the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, with regular, in-depth accounts of progress in particular fields of chemistry. Subject coverage within different volumes of a given title is similar and publication is on an annual or biennial basis.Table of ContentsAnomeric effects in pyranosides and related acetals; Stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-cis-glycosylic linkages; Synthesis of anomeric phosphates of aldoses and 2-ulosonic acids; Glycosidic bicyclic lactones as new carbohydrate scaffolds; Thionocarbamates on carbohydrate scaffolds-from snthesis to bioactivity; Recent advances in nitro sugar chemistry; Porphyrinyl-type sugar derivatives: synthesis and biological applications; Sugars as chiral synthons in the preparation of fine chemicals.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe modern synthetic chemist applies all the tools available to identify the drug-like molecules with the best chances of becoming novel drugs. This book will act as a primer for graduates and postgraduates interested in a career in drug discovery. It covers both synthetic technologies currently impacting medicinal chemistry and emerging areas. The chapters focus on topics including: parallel medicinal chemistry; solid supported reagents; microwave assisted chemistry; flow synthesis, and high throughput reaction screening.Trade Review" Elizabeth Farrant, a very experienced medicinal chemist, has collected six chapters written by experts in the field to create the book "New Synthetic Technologies in Medicinal Chemistry" ""...is well suited as an introductory course in to current trends of developing and employing enabling technologies in synthetic medicinal chemistry." * ChemMedChem 2012, 7, 1295 - 1298, Prof. Andreas Kirchning, *Table of ContentsIntroduction; Parallel Medicinal Chemistry; Solid Supported Reagents; Microwave Assisted Chemistry; Flow Synthesis; High Throughput Reaction Screening; Emerging Technologies

Read more less

Book SynopsisCarbohydrate Chemistry provides review coverage of all publications relevant to the chemistry of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in a given year. The amount of research in this field appearing in the organic chemical literature is increasing because of the enhanced importance of the subject, especially in areas of medicinal chemistry and biology. In no part of the field is this more apparent than in the synthesis of oligosaccharides required by scientists working in glycobiology. Clycomedicinal chemistry and its reliance on carbohydrate synthesis is now very well established, for example, by the preparation of specific carbohydrate- based antigens, especially cancer-specific oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. Coverage of topics such as nucleosides, amino-sugars, alditols and cyclitols also covers much research of relevance to biological and medicinal chemistry. Each volume of the series brings together references to all published work in given areas of the subject and serves as a comprehensive database for the active research chemist Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading authorities in the relevant subject areas, the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, with regular, in-depth accounts of progress in particular fields of chemistry. Subject coverage within different volumes of a given title is similar and publication is on an annual or biennial basis.Table of ContentsPotential synthetic carbohydrate-protein conjugate vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypesö; Triterpene/Steroid Glycoconjugates: Natural Occurrence, Synthesis and Therapeutic Potentialö; Alginates as biomaterials in tissue engineering; Glycosylation changes: functional significance and potential for diagnostics; Sialic acids in the bridge of the innate and adaptive immune systems: the case of dendritic cells; Studies on type 1-fimbriated bacteria to understand and combat bacterial adhesion; Role of complex gangliosides in cancer progression; Recent Developments in the use of Stable Isotope Carbohydrate Tracers for the Study of Human Health; Mechanisms of regulation of cancer-associated carbohydrate antigens; Oligosaccharide-cyclodextrin conjugates; Trehalose mimetics as inhibitors of trehalose processing enzymes; Carbobicyclic sugar mimics; Helicobacter pylori cell surface glycan structural feautures

Read more less

Book SynopsisDealing with the latest information on polysaccharide gum research, particularly focused on gum Arabic, as discussed at the World Conference on "New developments in Acacia Gums Research and Products", this book covers the production, identification, classification and application of these important carbohydrate polymers. Written by the world's leading experts in the field, it will be an essential reference for researchers in industry and academia interested in the continued advances in this area.Table of ContentsOverview; Commerical Development; Harvesting and Yield; Processing; Structure and Physicochemistry; Rheology and Emulsification; Health Benefits; Applications.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis fully updated and expanded second edition of a highly popular text book focuses on the structure and mechanism in carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry. Carbohydrates play important roles in biological systems as energy sources, as structural materials, and as informational structures (when they are often attached to proteins or lipids). Their chemical reactivity and conformational behaviour is governed by mechanistic and stereochemical rules, which apply as much to enzymic as to non-enzymic reactivity. The same principles of reactivity and conformation govern changes brought about in the process industries, such as pulp, paper and food. Extensively referenced with citations and a detailed index, the book contains everything the reader needs to know to start a carbohydrate research project with one of the real strengths being the treatment and integration of the important physical-chemical principles and methods (though lead references only are given to the finer points of carbohydrate synthesis). The book is suitable for both researchers who are new to the subject and those more established as well as a readership from diverse backgrounds and interests, including chemists, biochemists, food scientists and technologists involved with the processing of polysaccharides in the paper, textile, cosmetics, biofuels and other industries.Trade Review"...the book provides an excellent and authoritative reference resource for beginning and established researchers interested in structural and mechanistic aspects of carbohydrate (biochemistry)""useful addition to the library of individuals with interests in theglycoscience field, as well as students wishing to learn moreabout this area.""the overall view of the text is favorable, since it covers so many varied topics, some perhaps unfamiliar to even the most seasoned glycoscientists""...this is an excellent treatment of carbohydrate chemistry. It belongs in libraries and on the bookshelves of carbohydrate chemists and biochemists.""..an invaluable companion and introduction to the primary literature of the field."Table of ContentsStructures of the open-chain forms of reducing sugars and related molecules. Mechanistic probes of sugar carbonyl group additions; Conformations of Sugar Rings and Glycosidic Linkages; Nucleophilic Substitution a the Anomeric Centre; Enzymic Glycoside Hydrolysis and Transglycosylation: Kinetics and Mechanism; Primary Structure and Conformation of Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides; Heterolytic Reactions of OH Groups; Heterolytic Chemistry of the Carbon Chain; Glycosyl Transferases and Oligosaccharide and Polysaccharide Biosynthesis; Glycoconjugates: Biosynthesis and Properties; One-electron Chemistry of Carbohydrates; Appendix; Subject Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisComprehensive Biomarker Discovery and Validation for Clinical Application provides the reader with an extensive introduction into all aspects of proteomics biomarker discovery, validation and development. It discusses the current status of science and technology, its limitations, bottlenecks as well as future development trends to improve the success rate of translating biomarker discovery into useful clinical tests. The most important feature of the book is to provide an overview of current technologies and the challenges encountered during biomarker discovery and validation, such as patient selection, sample handling, data processing, statistical analysis and registration and approval of validated biomarkers through European and US regulatory authorities. The authors introduce the reader to each of these topics in significant detail and provide examples or guidelines for best practice. There are prominent chapters included on biomarkers in translational and personalised medicine; an introduction to regulatory affairs and bring biomarkers to the market; biomarker discovery and the use of mass spectrometry based profiling platforms; MALDI imaging techniques in tissue-based biomarkers discovery and a clinical application study on the use of diagnostic assays for early diagnosis of heart failure using various proteomic methods. The book concludes with a final chapter on future trends in biomarker discovery and validation. The book targets a readership of industrial and academic researchers that are involved in biomarker discovery and validation or that manage biobanks, develop sample preparation methods, analytical profiling systems and bioinformatics tools. Common pitfalls and success stories in biomarker discovery are highlighted and guidelines for best practice are provided for the different parts of the procedure. The book will be an essential information resource for scientists working in the field.Table of ContentsIntroduction to biomarker discovery and validation; Clinical context of proteomics biomarker discovery and validation, authority regulations; Biomarker discovery: Patient selection; Biomarker discovery: Experimental design and biobanking; Biomarker discovery: body fluids; Biomarker discovery: tissues; Biomarker discovery: mass spectrometry based profiling platforms; Biomarker discovery: array based profiling platforms; Biomarker discovery: data preprocessing for LC-MS data; Biomarker discovery: data preprocessing for Maldi imaging, and 2D electrophoresis and protein arrays data; Biomarker discovery: statistical analysis and validation; Biomarker validation: biomarker validation methods; Functional biomarker validation; Clinical application: case studies Clinical application: summary and future technology development trends

Read more less

Book SynopsisApplications of nucleic acids have developed recently to provide solutions for biosensors, diagnostic tools and as platforms for the assembly of complex structures. These developments have been possible as their base sequence can be used to assemble precise structures following simple and predictable rules. Self-assembled DNA can then be amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and this ultimately enables the preparation of synthetic nucleic acids. Their use as molecular tools or DNA-conjugates has recently been enhanced by the addition of other groups including enzymes, fluorophores and small molecules. Written by leaders in the field, this volume describes the preparation and application of these DNA-conjugates. Several have been used as sensors (aptamers, riboswitches and nanostructures) based on the ability of nucleic acids to adopt specific structures in the presence of ligands, whilst others link reporter groups such as proteins or fluorophores to RNA or DNA for detection, single molecule studies, and increasing the sensitivity of PCR. The book is relevant to researchers in areas related to analytical chemistry, chemical biology, medicinal chemistry, molecular pharmacology, and structural and molecular biology.Table of ContentsFluorophore-functionalised Locked Nucleic Acids (LNAs); Fluorophore Conjugates for Single Molecule Work; Small Molecule–Oligonucleotide Conjugates; Small Molecule–RNA Conjugates; Click Chemistry – a Versatile Method for Nucleic Acid Labelling, Cyclisation and Ligation; Therapeutic Applications of Nucleic Acid Aptamer Conjugates; pH Sensitive DNA Devices; Making Sense of Catalysis: The Potential of DNAzymes as Biosensors; Electrochemical Techniques as Powerful Readout Methods for Aptamer-based Biosensors; Oligonucleotide Conjugates for Detection of Specific Nucleic Acid Sequences; Nucleic Acid–Nanoparticle Conjugate Sensors for Use with Surface Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering (SERRS); Covalent and Non-covalent Conjugates of Oligonucleotides as Artificial Restriction DNA Cutters

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn this volume, glycochemistry and glycobiology have been combined to demonstrate the contribution of organic chemistry, modern analytics, biological and biochemical expertise to the increasingly important field of glycomincs. A polysaccharide immunomodulator with therapeutic implications, carbohydrate vaccines, new findings emphasizing the influence of carbohydrate decoration on the regulation of inflammatory response and new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, recent approachesin the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, recent progress on glycoengineering based on a glycosylation, and key aspects of the glycosylation changes associated with bladder cancer are amongst the subjects presented in this volume. The contribution of glycochemistry to innovation in glycosciences is shown with chapters covering highly functionalized exo-glycals for the generation of molecular diversity in a chemoselective manner, imino sugar glycosidase inhibitors, carbasugars, multivalent glycoconjugates, including glycodendrimers, glyconanotubes, and glyconanoparticles, and their uses in medicinal chemistry, as well as artificial saccharide-based and saccharide functionalized gene delivery systems. Siderphores based on monosaccharides (which have proven effective for Gram-negative bacteria and mycobacteria), and the so-called smart materials, (which can modulate and control cell behaviour), complete the volume. Volume 38 of Carbohydrate Chemistry - Chemical and Biological Apporaches contains contributions ranging from glycochemistry to glycobiology. This collection demonstrates in a meaningful way how the interdisciplinary approach of an international glyconetwork can advance the field of carbohydrate research in Europe and worldwide.Table of Contents1. Applications of glycobiology: biological and immunological effects of a chemically modified amylose-derivative; 2. Lipopolysaccharide structure and biological activity of Cystic fibrosis pathogens; 3. Synthesis of inner core lipopolysaccharide structures for the development of vaccines and antibiotics against Gram-negative bacterial infections; 4. Synthetic Glycopeptides in Vaccine Development and Antibody Epitope Mapping; 5. Posttranslational sialylation and its impact on leukocyte recruitment during inflammation; 6. Glycoengineering of protein-based therapeutics; 7. Exploring CDG diagnostic tools; 8. Bladder cancer: glycosylation insights; 9. Levansucrases of Pseudomonas bacteria: novel approaches for protein expression, assay of enzymes, fructooligosaccharides and heterooligofructans; 10. Recent advances on the application of NMR methods to study the conformation, dynamics and molecular recognition features of carbohydrates; 11. Glycosidase inhibitors: versatile tools in glycobiology; 12. An overview of key routes for the transformation of sugars into carbasugars and related compounds; 13. Multivalent glycoconjugates in Medicinal Chemistry; 14. Glycotransporters for gene delivery; 15. Furanose-based templates in the chemoselective generation of molecular diversity; 16. Synthesis of carbohydrate-based artificial siderophores and their biological applications; 17. Smart biomaterials: the contribution of glycoscience

Read more less

Book SynopsisComplex carbohydrates such as high molecular weight polysaccharides like starch and cellulose, are well known for their importance in foodstuffs, paper and wood, but their importance extends far beyond that into the biopharmaceutical, healthcare, oil and printing industries. This book, based on a discussion meeting organised by RSC Biotechnology and Carbohydrate Groups, brings together leading experts from the polysaccharide and glycoconjugate communities to review, discuss and assess in detail one specific topic, namely the importance of the stability and degradation of carbohydrate structures. Coverage includes applications as diverse as food, biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, biofuels and preservation of Viking boats. Providing essential reading for anyone interested in these structures and the diversity of their applications, it will appeal to a broad, multidisciplinary group from industry, academia and research institutions.Table of ContentsCarbohydrates: First cousins of Water; Enzymic degradation of cell wall polysaccharides; Dietary Fibre: Functional Components and Mechanisms of Action in the Gastrointestinal Tract; Enzymatic treatment of polysaccharides; Stability of polysaccharide encapsulates; Polysaccharide and glycoconjugate vaccines; Mucin turnover; Some advances in hydrodynamic stability probes; Stability of chitosan and pectin as nasal and intestinal mucoadhesives; Cellulose crystallinity: perspectives from spectroscopy and diffraction; Cellulose; Cellulose de-construction: what can be learned from molecular modeling and dissolution experiments?; Lignin; Observations on bacterial degradation of historical wood timbers found in near anaerobic waterlogged environments; Subject Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn this volume, glycochemistry and glycobiology have been combined to demonstrate the contribution of organic chemistry, modern analytics, biological and biochemical expertise to the increasingly important field of glycomics. A polysaccharide immunomodulator with therapeutic implications, carbohydrate vaccines, new findings emphasizing the influence of carbohydrate decoration on the regulation of inflammatory response and new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, recent progress on glycoengineering based on a glycosylation strategy to optimize protein drugs, congenital disorders of glycosylation, and key aspects of the glycosylation changes associated with bladder cancer are amongst the subjects presented in this volume. The contribution of glycochemistry to innovation in glycosciences is shown with chapters covering highly functionalized exo-glycals for the generation of molecular diversity in a chemoselective manner, imino sugar glycosidase inhibitors, carbasugars, multivalent glycoconjugates, including glycodendrimers, glyconanotubes, and glyconanoparticles, and their uses in medicinal chemistry, as well as artificial saccharide-based and saccharide-functionalized gene delivery systems. Siderophores based on monosaccharides (which have proven effective for Gram-negative bacteria and mycobacteria), and the so-called smart materials, (which can modulate and control cell behaviour), complete the volume. Volume 39 of Carbohydrate Chemistry - Chemical and Biological Approaches contains contributions ranging from glycochemistry to glycobiology. This volume demonstrates in a meaningful way how the interdisciplinary approach of an international glyconetwork can advance the field of carbohydrate research in Europe and worldwide.Table of ContentsSynthetic Lipoarabinomannans as Inhibitors of Mycobaterial Growth; Epoxy carbohydrate derivatives and analogues as useful intermediates in the synthesis of glycosidase inhibitors; Recent design in the inhibition of glycosyltransferases; Beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases: Group-specific inhibitors wanted...; Structure Determination of Lectins by X-ray Crystallography; Glycation: from molecules to life; Radical-mediated brominations at ring positions of carbohydrates - 35 years later; Glycosidases and diabetes type II: mode of action and therapeutic perspectives; Recent Advances in Enzymatic Synthesis of Heparin; Decoration of bacterial capsular polysaccharide. Their importance for vaccine development; Positive Attitude, Shape, Flexibility, Added-Value Accessoires or “Just Being Different”: How to Attract a Glycosidase; Surface Binding Sites in Carbohydrate Active Enzymes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe pharmaceutical industry has become increasingly interested in biologics from animal venoms as a potential source for therapeutic agents in recent years, with a particularly emphasis on peptides. To date six drugs derived from venom peptides or proteins have been approved by the FDA, with nine further agents currently being investigated in clinical trials. In addition to these drugs in approved or advanced stages of development, many more peptides and proteins are being studied in varying stages of preclinical development. This unique book provides an up to date and comprehensive account of the potential of peptides and proteins from animal venoms as possible therapeutics. Topics covered include chemistry and structural biology of animal venoms, proteomic and transcriptomic approaches to drug discovery, bioassays, high-throughput screens and target identification, and reptile, scorpion, spider and cone snail venoms as a platform for drug development. Case studies are used to illustrate methods and successes and highlight issues surrounding administration and other important lessons that have been learnt from the development of approved therapeutics based on venoms. The first text to focus on this fascinating area and bridging an important gap, this book provides the reader with essential and current knowledge on this fast-developing area. Venoms to Drugs will find wide readership with researchers working in academia and industry working in all medicinal and pharmaceutical areas.Trade ReviewBelonging to the RSC’s Drug Discovery series, Venoms to Drugs is a welcome addition to the bookshelf designed to guide the reader through the opportunities and challenges to be found in Nature’s treasure chest in the efforts to develop new therapeutic solutions to human maladies. Venoms have evolved to assist numerous animals with matters of defence or in catching prey—if you’ve been stung by a bee you’ll have felt the power of a venom at work—and here we explore a little-tapped natural resource which could help provide the chemical foundations for the next big painkiller, antihypertensive or anti-inflammatory. Turning venom, consisting of a cocktail of toxins, from a potentially deadly secretion into a relatively safe, efficacious medicine is not simple. This book does not shy away from this fact, but embraces the problems and examines methods afforded by recent scientific advances through which the many challenges may be overcome. The book begins by introducing the drug-development opportunities provided by these natural resources, with an overview of the evolution of venoms across species and how many venom toxins retain a similar basic template upon which to pin their more specific functional flourishes for various targets and effects. We are given a detailed introduction to the obstacles met when turning these natural products into medicines, from the problems of retaining functionality to producing stable formulations. What stands out here in particular is that there are groups of animals whose venoms remain completely unexplored in terms of their therapeutic potential, and thus the scene is set for the rest of the book. The structure of the book is logical and the contents detailed, well-written and informative throughout. Chapters on approaches to drug discovery, taking into account advantages provided by recent technological advances, are followed by an examination of venoms as lead compounds from various animal orders in four further chapters. Later on, Chapters 9 and 10 describe the development of analgesic drugs and anti-inflammatory/autoimmune compounds from some extraordinary sea creatures, demonstrating good examples of the possibilities that may be found. The technical detail in the writing has not been lost or brushed over, which makes the book all-the-better as a useful resource. One aspect that is particularly good is the inclusion of case studies, to demonstrate how a carefully nurtured project can bear fruit. As always, there are chemical puzzles to solve, pharmacological mechanisms to pick apart and regulatory hurdles to jump, but from deadly cone-snail venom used to paralyse its prey comes the analgesic ziconatide, and from pit viper venom comes the ACE inhibitor captopril—one wonders what next might be found from a jellyfish’s tentacles or a spider’s jaws. If there is a sting in the tail in this particular story, then it is certainly to be extracted, analysed and put to good use! This book is, of course, targeted towards chemists as is clear from the detail and style throughout, but others with an interest in this subject (pharmacologists, electrophysiologists, formulation scientists and their kin) will certainly find this a useful, interesting and perhaps even thought-provoking resource to have at hand. -- Neil C. Henny, Liverpool John Moores University * Chromatographia (2015) 78:1507-1508 *Table of ContentsVenomous animals: evolution and ecology; Chemistry and structural biology of animal venoms; Venoms-based drug discovery: proteomic and transcriptomic approaches; Venoms-based drug discovery: bioassays, high-throughput screens, and target identification; Reptile venoms as a platform for drug development; Cone snail venoms as a platform for drug development; Scorpion venoms as a platform for drug development; Spider-venom peptides as a platform for drug development; Case study 1: development of the analgesic drugs Prialt® and Xen2174; Case study 2: development of exenatide for treatment of type 2 diabetes; Case study 3: development of ShK for the treatment of autoimmune diseases; Development of venom natriuretic peptides for treating congestive heart failure; Engineering venom peptides to improve their stability and bioavailability; Manufacturing of venom-derived therapeutic peptides; Venoms to drugs: prospects and pitfalls

Read more less

Book SynopsisAs a component of post-genome science, the field of proteomics has assumed great prominence in recent years. Whereas quantitative analyses focussed initially on relative quantification, a greater emphasis is now placed on absolute quantification and consideration of proteome dynamics. Coverage of the topic of quantitative proteomics requires consideration both of the analytical fundamentals of quantitative mass spectrometry and the specific demands of the problem being addressed. Quantitative Proteomics aims to outline the state of the art in mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics, describing recent advances and current limitations in the instrumentation used, together with the various methods employed for generating high quality data. Details on both strategies describing how stable isotope labelling can be applied and methods for performing quantitative analysis of proteins in a label-free manner are given. The utility of these strategies to understanding cellular protein dynamics are then exemplified with chapters looking at spatial proteomics, dynamics of protein function as determined by quantifying changes in protein post-translational modification and protein turnover. Finally, a key application of these techniques to biomarker discovery and validation is presented, together with the rapidly developing area of quantitative analysis of protein-based foodstuffs. This exemplary book is essential reading for analytical and biological mass spectrometrists working in proteomics research, as well as those undertaking either fundamental or clinical-based investigations with an interest in understanding protein dynamics and/or biomarker assessment.Trade Review"Quantitative Proteomics should not be regarded only as an updated reference book of cutting-edge bottom-up strategies for quantitative proteomics. Its reading makes us reflect on the enormous experimental progress made possible by the recent developments magnificently summarized in the 15 chapters in this new volume of the series New Developments in Mass Spectrometry." -- Juan J. Calvete * Journal of Proteomics, Volume 108, 2014, Pages 494-496 *Bio-molecular cycles are to say the least exceedingly complex. Although many cycles have already been defined, relatively little is known about the macromolecular workhorses that are embedded in the cells that actually do the work. It is only in the last two decades, with major advances in instrumentation, that insights into these complex mechanisms have been possible. Analysing a moving target is difficult at any time. When that target is the determination of protein composition as a function of the cell cycle, its age and its response to extracellular stimuli, the process becomes one of taking a snapshot in time. By definition this monitors the quantitative changes taking place over time and mass spectrometry is one of very few techniques capable of achieving this objective. Even with this very powerful tool, a very careful selection of appropriate strategies is called for, and this book describes those that have achieved at least a degree of success. The greatest limitation is that quantitative proteomics relies on the use of peptide surrogates as read-outs for the actual protein amount. Such simulations are not always reliable, a major fact recognised and emphasised throughout all chapters. With this in mind the editors have assembled authors with the necessary knowledge combined with an ability to explain current practices whilst simultaneously stating the limitations. Most authors also propose new ideas and possible extensions that may well apply in the future. The book is divided into a description of the technology (two chapters); label-based protein quantification (three chapters); label-free protein quantification (three chapters); dynamic protein quantification (four chapters); and application of quantitative proteomics (three chapters). The division between labelled and label-free quantification is most useful. It allows for a rapid comparison between methods and easier selection of the most appropriate method. The challenge in any method is to determine the absolute protein quantification at any given time and then reproduce it. At the forefront of current methods are HPLC and electrospray MS. As always with this technology, a major issue is how to identify the most appropriate sample preparation method, an issue recognised by most authors. The most intriguing chapters are the last two. It is encouraging to see a chapter on blood plasma. The blood processing industry is a key to human survival, is a massively important industry, and yet receives relatively little publicity. It is in effect largely hidden from public view. Non-communicable diseases account for 60 % of the world’s fatalities, and yet many could be detected by biomarkers if the technology were available—and quantitative proteomics offers the promise of inexpensive automated procedures on the millions of samples of blood taken daily. Similarly, in the chapter on food, application of similar methods offers the prospect of determining allergies in food, the new plague of allergic reaction now suffered by some 30 % of the western populace. It is regrettable that this book is unlikely to be read by those responsible for allocation of research funding. Development of the described technology holds significant promise in delivering automated methods capable of early detection and therefore easier and cheaper treatment of many diseases. -- K. Jones, Chromatographia * Chromatographia (2015) 78:141–142 *"the editors have assembled authors with the necessary knowledge combined with an ability to explain current practices whilst simultaneously stating the limitations. Most authors also propose new ideas and possible extensions that may well apply in the future." -- K. Jones * Chromatographia (2015) 78:141–142 *Table of ContentsPractical Considerations and Current Limitations in Quantitative Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics; Targeted Proteomics Based on High Resolution Accurate Mass Spectrometry Measurement; Making Sense Out of the Proteome: The Utility of iTRAQ and TMT; Getting Absolute: Determining Absolute Protein Quantities via Selected Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry; Proteomics Standards with Controllable Trueness - Absolute Quantification of Peptides, Phosphopeptides and Proteins Using ICP- and ESI-MS Label-Free Strategies for Protein Quantification; Overview and Implementation of Mass Spectrometry-Based Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics; MS1 Label-Free Quantification Using Ion Intensity Chromatograms in Skyline (Research and Clinical Applications); Label-Free Quantification of Proteins Using Data-Independent Acquisition; Spatial Proteomics: Practical Considerations for Data Acquisition and Analysis in Protein Subcellular Localisation Studies; Quantitative Analyses of Phosphotyrosine Cellular Signalling in Disease; Next Generation Proteomics: PTMs in Space and Time; Experimental and Analytical Approaches to Quantification of Protein Turnover on a Proteome-Wide Scale; Protein Quantification by MRM for Biomarker Validation; MRM-based Protein Quantification with Labelled Standards for Biomarker Discovery, Verification, and Validation in Human Plasma; Mass Spectrometry-Based Quantification of Proteins and Peptides in Food; Subject Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe emerging field of lipidomics has been made possible because of advances in mass spectrometry, and in particular tandem mass spectrometry of lipid ions generated by electrospray ionization. The ability to carry out basic biochemical studies of lipids using electrospray ionization is predicated upon understanding the behaviour of lipid derived ions following collision induced decomposition and mechanisms of product ion formation. During the past 20 years, a wealth of information has been generated about lipid molecules that are now analysed by mass spectrometry, however there is no central source where one can obtain basic information about how these very diverse biomolecules behave following collisional activation. This book brings together, in one volume, this information so that investigators considering using tandem mass spectrometry to structurally characterize lipids or to quantitate their occurrence in a biological matrix, will have a convenient source to review mechanism of decomposition reactions related to the diversity of lipid structures. A separate chapter is devoted to each of seven major lipid classes including fatty acids, eicosanoids and bioactive lipid mediators, fatty acyl esters and amides, glycerol esters, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and steroids. Mechanistic details are provided for understanding the pathways of formation of major product ions and ions used for structural characterization. In most cases specific ancillary information has been critical to understand the pathways, including isotope labeling and high resolution analysis of precursor and product ions. For a few specific examples such data is missing and pathways are proposed as a means to initiate further mass spectral experiments to prove or disprove pathway hypotheses. While this work largely centres on the lipid biochemistry of animal (mammalian) systems, general principles can be taken from the specific examples and applied to lipid biochemistry found in plants, fungi, prokaryotes and archeal organisms.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Fatty Acids; Bioactive Lipid Mediators; Glycerolipids; Glycerolphospholipids; Sphingolipids; Sterol Lipids; Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book presents an updated discussion of the chemical composition and biological properties of the main bee products. Specific attention is focused on the beneficial biological activities of bee products in human health. Honey, royal jelly, propolis, bee pollen and bee venom are used as nutriment and in traditional medicine. Their composition is rather variable and depends on the floral source and external factors, such as seasonal, environmental conditions and processing. Bee products are rich in several essential nutrients and non essential nutrients, as sugars, minerals, proteins, free amino acids, vitamins, enzymes and polyphenols, that seem to be closely related to their biological functions. The effects of these products in nutrition, aging and age-related diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and pathogen infections are discussed.Table of ContentsPart I: Honey.- 1. Botanical classification.- 2. Sensory studies.- 3. Composition.- 4. Biological and Health effects.- Part II: Propolis.- 1.Composition.- 2. Biological and health effects.- Part III: Royal Jelly.- 1. Composition.- 2. Biological and Health effects.-.Part IV: Bee Pollen.- 1. Composition.- 2. Biological and healtheffects.- Part V: Honey bee venom.- 1. Chemical composition.- 2. Bee venom therapy.-

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book describes the discovery of molecules from unexploited extreme marine environments, and presents new approaches in marine genomics. It combines the current state of knowledge in marine genomics and advanced natural products’ chemistry to pursue the sustainable production of novel secondary metabolites (lead compounds), as well as pharmacologically active peptides/proteins, with antimicrobial, neuroprotective, anti-osteoporotic, anti-protozoan/anti-plasmodial, anti-ageing and immune-modulating effects. Further, it employs molecular-biology-based approaches and advanced chemical techniques to obtain and to select candidate compounds for pre-clinical and clinical studies.Table of Contents35 Years of Marine Natural Product Research in Sweden: Cool Molecules and Models from Cold Waters.- Major Antimicrobial Representatives from Marine Sponges and/or Their Associated Bacteria.- Discovery and Development of Novel Drugs.- Computer Aided Drug Discovery from Marine Compounds: Identification of the Three-dimensional Structural Features Responsible for Antimalarial Activity.- BlueGenics: Bioactive Natural Products of Medicinal Relevance and Approaches to Their Diversification.- New Target Sites for Treatment of Osteoporosis .- Biocalcite and Carbonic Acid Activators.- Electrospinning of Bioactive Wound Healing Nets.- Entotheonella Bacteria as Source of Sponge-derived Natural Products: Opportunities for Biotechnological Production.

Read more less

Book SynopsisVom Eiswürfelkran zum selbst gemachten Christbaumschmuck: mehr als 50 originelle Versuche zu den Grundlagen der Chemie mit Bildanleitung und kindgerechter Erklärung wecken auf spielerische Weise das Interesse an der Natur und an der Wissenschaft.Trade ReviewDNA-Extraktion aus Tomaten, wachsende Kristalle, Bau eines Handspektroskopes und Analyse künstlicher Lichtquellen, Deko-Anhänger aus recyceltem Polyethylen, Kartoffelbatterien, Rakete mit Backpulver antrieb - Beispiele aus 54 zumeist unkompliziert und überwiegend gefahrlos durchzuführenden Experimenten aus 12 thematischen Abschnitten, u.a. Gase, Wasser, Kristalle, Kunststoffe, Bestandteile von Lebensmitteln. "Ideal für das gemeinsame Experimentieren mit Kindern der Altersstufen 8 bis 12". Wichtig ist "gemeinsam", die erläuternden Texte sind sehr ausführlich und sehr gut verständlich, allerdings schon Schulbuch-Niveau (u.a. Reaktions- und Strukturformeln). Chemisches Grundverständnis/Grundkenntnisse ratsam. Vor Gefahren wird gewarnt; bei einem bestimmten Experiment wird auf eventuell entstehendes Chlorgas hingewiesen - "Wenn ihr ein Labor habt, arbeitet am Abzug, sonst am besten im Freien". Das Buch vermittelt über Spielereien hinaus auch für "Nur-Leser*innen" bereits ein gediegenes Grundwissen zu Chemie im Alltag. Gerne empfohlen auch neben Georg Schwedt (ID-A 25/22, ID-A 48/19, IDG 41/15). (2 S) Rolf Becker-Friedrich, ekz-Publikation ID bzw. IN 2023/20Table of ContentsVorwort ix So Experimentiert Ihr Sicher xi 1 Feuer, Plasma und die chemische Reaktion 1 1.1 Wo Moleküle zerbrechen 2 1.1.1 Experiment: Kerzenflammen werfen Schatten! 2 1.2 Aus Stoffen entstehen neue Stoffe 3 1.2.1 Paraffin verbrennt: die chemische Reaktion in der Kerzenflamme 3 1.2.2 Experimente: Die chemische Reaktion wird „sichtbar“ 4 1.3 Was die Reaktion am Laufen hält 5 1.3.1 Warum sind Flammen heiß? – Was ist eigentlich Wärme? 5 1.3.2 Wie heiß muss Paraffin werden, damit es brennt? 6 1.3.3 Ein Metallsieb als Feuersperre 7 2 Licht und Materie 9 2.1 Warum Stoffe farbig sind 10 2.1.1 Wie unsere Augen Farben sehen 10 2.1.2 Was Stoffe mit Licht anstellen 11 2.2 Was Licht uns über Stoffe verrät 12 2.2.1 Wir können Licht zerlegen 12 2.2.2 Was das Licht über seine Quelle preisgibt 14 2.3 Farbstoffe in der Natur entdecken 16 2.3.1 Papierchromatografie von Blattfarbstoffen 16 2.4 Mysteriöse Lichterscheinungen 19 2.4.1 Ein Stoff – verschiedene Farben? 19 2.4.2 Licht aus dem Dunklen: Fluoreszenz 20 2.4.3 Glow-in-the-dark-Effekte: Phosphoreszenz 21 3 Mit der Kraft des Lichtes: Photochemie 23 3.1 Dank Chemie können wir sehen 24 3.1.1 Viele Sehzellen ergeben ein Bild 24 3.2 Moleküle gebaut mit Lichtenergie 25 3.2.1 Photosynthese 26 3.3 Chemie für Nostalgiker: Fotografie 28 3.3.1 Wie man mit Chemie Fotos macht 28 3.3.2 Euer eigenes Fotolabor 29 3.4 Unerwünschte Fotochemie 30 3.4.1 Licht zerstört Moleküle 30 3.4.2 Sonnencreme schützt unsere Haut 31 4 Gase: flüchtig und voluminös 33 4.1 Inertgas für die Sicherheit 34 4.2 Gase brauchen Platz, viel Platz 35 4.2.1 Woher das Gas im Airbag kommt 35 4.2.2 Gase als Raketentreibstoff 35 4.3 Sprengstoffe: Viel Gas in kurzer Zeit 38 4.3.1 Welche Stoffe haben Sprengkraft? 38 4.3.2 Explosiv und spektakulär: Vulkanausbruch daheim 38 4.4 Beweglichkeit macht gefährlich 39 5 Wasser – ein ganz besonderer Stoff 41 5.1 Woraus bestehen Wassermoleküle? 42 5.1.1 Analyse: Wie ihr einen Stoff auseinandernehmt 42 5.2 Warum ist Wasser nass? 45 5.2.1 Das Geheimnis des krummen Wasserstrahls 45 5.2.2 Wenn Atome Tauziehen machen 46 5.2.3 Wie stark Moleküle zusammenhalten 47 5.3 Was passiert, wenn Wasser fest wird 47 5.3.1 Experiment im Winter: Schnee mikroskopieren 48 5.3.2 Wie Salze die Entstehung von Eis verhindern 49 5.3.3 Kann es belebtes Wasser geben? 52 5.4 Echt merkwürdig: die Dichteanomalie des Wassers 53 5.4.1 Warum können Eiswürfel schwimmen? 53 5.4.2 Schlittschuhlaufen – Druck machts möglich 55 6 Kristalle – die Chemie der Schönheit 57 6.1 Mineralien und Würze: Ionenkristalle 58 6.1.1 Wie Ionenkristalle entstehen 58 6.1.2 Wasser im Gitter: Können Kristalle nass sein? 60 6.2 Kristalle aus Molekülen 62 6.2.1 Das Rätsel um den Eiswürfelkran 63 6.3 Diamant: ein Riesenmolekülkristall und der härteste Naturstoff der Welt 64 7 Elektronen auf Wanderschaft: Redox-Reaktionen 65 7.1 Wie Ionen entstehen und vergehen 66 7.1.1 Von Hochhäusern und vollen Etagen 66 7.1.2 Oxidation, Reduktion, Redox-Chemie 67 7.1.3 Aus Salzen lassen sich Metalle gewinnen 68 7.2 Redox-Reaktionen dank Elektrizität 71 7.2.1 Redox-Reaktionen im Stromkreis 71 7.3 Wirklich lästige Chemie: Korrosion 74 7.3.1 Unedle Metalle korrodieren an Luft und Wasser. 74 7.3.2 Redox-Reaktionen mit Edelmetall 76 7.4 Das Wandern ist der Ionen Lust: Stofftransport dank Redox-Potentialen 78 7.5 Wie eine Batterie funktioniert 80 8 Gar nicht so komplex: Koordinationsverbindungen 83 8.1 Wie Unlösliches löslich wird 84 8.1.1 Nachweis von Kupfer mit bunten Komplexen 85 8.1.2 Komplex-Verbindungen als Haushaltshelfer 87 8.2 Wie man Schwermetalle loswird 88 8.3 Ein Platz für nützliche Metallionen 89 9 Reaktionen leicht gemacht: Katalysatoren 91 9.1 Kfz-Katalysator: mit Edelmetall gegen Abgase 92 9.1.1 Wie giftige Abgase entstehen 92 9.1.2 Was ein Katalysator mit den Abgasen tut 92 9.2 Enzyme – Katalysatoren in der Natur 94 9.2.1 Enzyme verdauen Nahrung 94 9.2.2 Enzyme beseitigen Giftstoffe 96 9.2.3 Medikamente blockieren Enzyme 97 9.3 Wie Reaktionen wirtschaftlich werden 98 10 Tenside – Moleküle mit Superwaschkraft 101 10.1 Seife –eines der ältesten Chemieprodukte der Welt 102 10.2 Die Superkräfte der Tenside 105 10.2.1 Mischbar oder nicht mischbar, das ist hier die Frage 105 10.2.2 Januskopf-Moleküle 105 10.3 Was haben Seifenblasen mit Körperzellen gemeinsam? 106 10.3.1 Wie Seifenblasen aufgebaut sind 107 10.3.2 Und der Aufbau der Hülle von Körperzellen 108 10.4 Tenside und die Oberflächenspannung 109 10.5 Tenside in der Umwelt 110 11 Unsere Nahrung: Makromoleküle 113 11.1 Struktur und Ordnung: Stärke und Zellulose 114 11.1.1 Aufgeräumt: Stärke als Nährstofflager 114 11.1.2 Wie wir Makromoleküle verwerten: Verdauung 115 11.2 Nukleinsäuren: Moleküle als Datenspeicher 117 11.3 Proteine: vielfältige Helferlein 118 12 Natur nachgeahmt: Kunststoffe 121 12.1 Kunststoffe: Designermaterialien aus Makromolekülen 122 12.1.1 Ein Musterbeispiel für Thermoplaste: Polyethylen 122 12.2 Festigkeit durch Vernetzung – Warum selbstgemachter Slime nur im Labor gut gelingt 125 12.3 Wunscheigenschaften durch Additive 126 12.4 Wunderpolymere als Wasserspeicher 129 A Anhang 133 A.1 Chemikalienverzeichnis 133 A.1 Lebensmittel und Lebensmittelbestandteile 134 A.1. 2 Alltagschemikalien 135 A.1. 3 Besondere Chemikalien 137 A. 2 Wortlaut der H- und P-Sätze des EU-GHS-Systems 140 A.2. 1 H-Sätze 140 A. 2 P-Sätze 141 Bildquellen 143 Literatur 145 Stichwortverzeichnis 147

Read more less

Book SynopsisDie Physik der Musik und ihrer Instrumente Was unterscheidet ein Geräusch von einem Ton? Warum gibt es unterschiedliche Tonleitern? Weshalb klingt ein Xylophon anders als ein Saxophon? Man höre und staune: Die Antworten darauf gibt die Physik – in enger Zusammenarbeit mit der Mathematik und der menschlichen Physiologie. Bereits mit einfachen physikalischen Grundlagen zu Schwingungen und Wellen – Schall ist letztendlich nichts anderes als Wellen, die sich in einem Medium ausbreiten – und wenigen mathematischen Formeln eröffnet sich ein ganz neuer, faszinierender Blick auf die Musik. Iván Egry zeigt, dass Physik und Musik mehr miteinander zu tun haben, als man sich gemeinhin vorstellt. Die Leserinnen und Leser erhalten einen leicht verständlichen Einblick in die Grundlagen der Akustik – Wellengleichung und Schallausbreitung – und der Musiktheorie – Notenschrift, Intervalle, Stimmungen –, bevor es ans Eingemachte geht: Mit Beispielen illustriert, befasst sich der umfangreichste Teil des Buches mit der Tonerzeugung durch Saiten-, Holz- und Blechblasinstrumente und dem faszinierenden Zusammenwirken zwischen Material, Konstruktion und Spielweise, das beim Solo-, Ensemble- oder Orchesterspiel zu dem Klangeindruck führt, der uns emotional so berührt. Dies ist das Buch für: Physikinteressierte, die mehr über Musik wissen möchten Musikinteressierte, die mehr über die physikalischen Grundlagen ihres Metiers wissen möchten Alle, die Spaß an beidem haben! Trade ReviewEgry erklärt unterhaltsam die Grundlagen der Tonerzeugung im Allgemeinen und in Musikinstrumenten im Speziellen. Er zeigt, dass Physik und Musik mehr miteinander zu tun haben, als man sich gemeinhin vorstellt. KONSTRUKTION (25.10.2022) Table of Contents1. Einleitung 2. Akustik 2.1 Einleitung 2.2 Die Wellengleichung 2.3 Lautstärke 2.4 Harmonische Wellen 2.5 Helmholtz-Gleichung 2.6 Erzwungene Schwingungen 2.7 Frequenzanalyse 2.8 Schallausbreitung in Festkörpern 3. Musik 3.1 Die Notenschrift 3.2 Tonintervalle 3.2.1 Die reine Stimmung 3.2.2 Die gleichstufig temperierte Stimmung 3.3 Tonleitern, Tonarten und Akkorde 3.3.1 Dur und Moll 3.3.2 Die Kirchentonarten 3.3.3 Weitere Tonarten 3.3.4 Der Quintenzirkel 3.3.5 Akkorde 4. Instrumentenkunde 4.1 Klassifizierung 4.1.1 Der Helmholtzresonator 4.2 Saiteninstrumente 4.2.1 Gezupfte Saiten 4.2.1.1 Harfen 4.2.1.2 Gitarren 4.2.2 Geschlagene Saiten 4.2.2.1 Das Klavier 4.2.3 Gestrichene Saiten 4.2.3.1 Die Geigen 4.3 Blasinstrumente - Grundlagen 4.3.1 Die Webstersche Horngleichung 4.3.2 Stehende Wellen in Hörnern 4.3.2.1 Zylindrische Hörner 4.3.2.2 Konische Hörner 4.3.3 Die Impedanz von Hörnern 4.4 Blechblasinstrumente 4.4.1 Naturtöne 4.4.2 Trompeten 4.4.3 Hörner 4.4.4 Posaunen 4.5 Holzblasinstrumente 4.5.1 Die Orgel 4.5.2 Flöten 4.5.3 Klarinetten 4.5.4 Saxophone 4.5.5 Oboen

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn diesem Buch wird die Qualitätskontrolle von Impfstoffen dargestellt. Hierzu zählen neben der Durchführung von analytischen Prüfungen verschiedenste qualitätsrelevante Aufgaben, z.B. die Festlegung von Qualitätsanforderungen, die Analyse von unerwarteten Ergebnissen oder Stabilitätsuntersuchungen, die die Qualitätskontroll-Einheit erfüllen muss. Die Abläufe sind hochreguliert und dienen der Patientensicherheit. Es gibt aber auch Beispiele, bei denen trotz erfolgreicher Qualitätskontrolle Qualitätsmängel möglich sind, die Schaden verursachen können.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDieses Lehr- und Praxisbuch liefert kompakte Hintergrundinformationen und Messvorschriften aus der klassischen, instrumentellen und molekularbiologischen Analytik. Es liefert aktuelle Entwicklungen und praktische Messvorschriften mit Auswertungen. Das praxisnahe Buch deckt die nasschemische und instrumentelle Analytik und Bioanalytik in voller Breite ab und schließt damit eine Lücke. Es ist ein unverzichtbares Werk für Laborberufe und Ingenieur*innen im Chemie-, Material-, Umwelt-, Lebensmittel-, Wasser-, Agrar- und Medizinbereich bis hin zu Arbeitsschutz, Produktsicherheit und Luftreinhaltung.Table of ContentsProbenvorbereitung.- Analytische Trenntechniken.- Massenspektrometrie und Kopplungstechniken.- Oberflächen- und Spurenanalytik.- Kernspinresonanzspektroskopie.- Infrarot-Spektroskopie.- Molekülspektroskopie und optische Methoden (FTIR, UV/Vis).- Lumineszenzmethoden.- Enzymatische Analyse.- Immunchemische Methoden.- Molekular- und zellbiologische Methoden.- Maßanalyse.- Elektroanalytik und Sensorik.- Biosensoren.- Thermische Analyse und Gravimetrie.- Mechanische Methoden.- Radiochemische Methoden.- Anhang.

Read more less