Cardiovascular medicine Books

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Book SynopsisTHE AHA CLINICAL SERIES ELLIOTT ANTMAN, MD, SERIES EDITOR The strategic driving force behind the American Heart Association's mission of healthier lives free of cardiovascular disease and stroke is to change practice by providing information and solutions to healthcare professionals.Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. Foreword. 1. Integrated Heart Failure Management: Marco Metra, Valerio Zacà, Savina Nodari and Livio Dei Cas. 2. Pathobiology of Left Ventricular Dussynchrony and Resynchronization: Robert H. Helm, David D. Spragg, Khalid Chakir and David A. Kass. 3. Electrical Assessment of the Failing Heart: Dan Blendea and Jagmeet P. Singh. 4. Mechanical Assessment of the Failing Heart: Przemyslaw P. Borek and Richard A. Grimm. Color Plate Section. 5. Clinical Trials and Response to CRT: Kenneth M. Stein. 6. Implantation of CRT Device: Christian Sticherling. 7. Programming CRT Devices: Bengt Herweg, Arzu Ilercil and S. Serge Barold. 8. Troubleshootig CRT Devices and Clinical Outcomes: Dusan Kocovic. 9. Non-CRT Pacing in the Failing Heart: Limiting Ventricular Pacing and Searching for Alternate Pacing Sites: C. W. Israel. 10. Non-CRT Pacing in the Failing Heart: Cardiac Contractility Modulation (CCM): Daniel Burkhoff, Martin Borggrefe and Christian Butter. 11. Clinical Outcome and Chronic Management of Device Patients: Patrick W. Fisher, A. G. Kfoury and Dale G. Renlund. 12. Future Directions in Pacing to Support the Failing Heart: Angelo Auricchio and Kennth A. Ellenbogen. Index. COI Table

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Book SynopsisAdvanced Cardiac Life Support In the event of an adult cardiac arrest, it is essential to be able to respond rapidly, providing safe and effective care. This new and updated edition of Advanced Cardiac Life Support provides the theoretical background to resuscitation as well as explaining the essential resuscitation skills required to manage an adult cardiac arrest- from the time it occurs until subsequent transfer to the ICU. The emphasis is on the prevention of cardiac arrest with detailed information on the management of peri-arrest arrhythmias and acute coronary syndromes. Advanced Cardiac Life Support also discusses ethical and legal issues, record keeping, dealing with bereavement, audit, equipment and training- providing an essential quick reference tool for nurses and health care professionals. An evidence-based approach to emergency care based on the latest Resuscitation guidelines A succinct yet comprehensive guide to the managemTrade Review"Praised in its previous edition as a concise source of essential information, this new edition presents the most recent information in an accessible format and serves as an excellent reference source for all cardiologists, radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians". (TMCnet.com, 19 January 2011)Table of ContentsChapter 1: Resuscitation Service: An Overview 1 Introduction 1 Learning outcomes 1 Concept of the chain of survival 1 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Standards for Clinical Practice and Training 3 Role of the Resuscitation Council (UK) 8 Principles of safer handling during CPR 9 Chapter summary 12 Chapter 2: Resuscitation Equipment 13 Introduction 13 Learning outcomes 13 Recommended minimum equipment for the management of an adult cardiac arrest 14 Routine checking of resuscitation equipment 17 Checking resuscitation equipment following use 18 Chapter summary 18 Chapter 3: Recognition and Treatment of the Critically Ill Patient 20 Introduction 20 Learning outcomes 20 Prevention of in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest 21 Clinical signs of critical illness 24 Early warning scores and calling criteria 24 Role of outreach and medical emergency teams 29 Assessment and emergency treatment of the critically ill patient 31 Chapter summary 43 Chapter 4: Principles of Cardiac Monitoring and ECG Recognition 47 Introduction 47 Learning outcomes 47 The conduction system of the heart 48 The ECG and its relation to cardiac contraction 49 Methods of cardiac monitoring 49 Problems encountered with cardiac monitoring 51 Systematic approach to ECG interpretation 52 Cardiac arrhythmias associated with cardiac arrest 56 Peri-arrest arrhythmias 58 Chapter summary 62 Chapter 5: Bystander Basic Life Support 64 Introduction 64 Learning outcomes 64 Potential hazards when attempting BLS 65 Initial assessment and sequence of actions in bystander BLS 66 Principles of chest compressions 70 Principles of mouth-to-mouth ventilation 73 The recovery position 77 Treatment for foreign body airway obstruction 81 Chapter summary 85 Chapter 6: Airway Management and Ventilation 88 Introduction 88 Learning outcomes 88 Causes of airway obstruction 89 Recognition of airway obstruction 89 Simple techniques to open and clear the airway 90 Use of oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways 94 Insertion of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) 102 Insertion of the combitube 106 Procedure for application of cricoid pressure 107 Principles of tracheal intubation 111 Methods for ventilation 116 Chapter summary 121 Chapter 7: Defibrillation and Electrical Cardioversion 124 Introduction 124 Learning objectives 125 Ventricular fibrillation 125 Physiology of defibrillation 126 Factors affecting successful defibrillation 127 Safety issues and defibrillation 132 Procedure for manual defibrillation 134 Procedure for automated external defibrillation 138 Synchronised electrical cardioversion 140 New technological advances in defibrillation 143 Chapter summary 144 Chapter 8: Advanced Life Support 147 Introduction 147 Learning objectives 147 Background to the Resuscitation Council (UK) ALS algorithm 148 Overview of the ALS algorithm 149 Chest compressions 160 Precordial thump 165 Reversible causes 167 Drug delivery routes 170 Resuscitation drugs 172 Use of pre-filled syringes 174 Principles of external pacing 176 Chapter summary 179 Chapter 9: Resuscitation in Special Situations 182 Introduction 182 Learning outcomes 182 Life-threatening electrolyte abnormalities 183 Hypothermia 186 Drowning 189 Acute severe asthma 191 Electrocution 195 Pregnancy 197 Poisoning 199 Trauma 202 Cardiovascular collapse or cardiac arrest caused by local anaesthetic 203 Chapter summary 204 Chapter 10: Anaphylaxis 209 Introduction 209 Learning outcomes 209 Definition 209 Incidence 210 Pathophysiology 211 Causes 211 Clinical features and diagnosis 211 Treatment of anaphylaxis 213 Chapter summary 217 Chapter 11: Acute Coronary Syndromes 219 Introduction 219 Learning outcomes 219 Pathogenesis of ACS 219 Classification of ACS 220 Diagnosis of ACS 221 Immediate treatment of ACS 228 Chapter summary 232 Chapter 12: Management of Peri-Arrest Arrhythmias 234 Introduction 234 Learning outcomes 234 Principles of the use of the peri-arrest algorithms 235 Adverse clinical signs associated with peri-arrest arrhythmias 235 Management of bradycardia 236 Management of a tachycardia 238 Chapter summary 242 Chapter 13: Post-Resuscitation Care 244 Introduction 244 Learning objectives 244 Goals of post-resuscitation care 245 Initial assessment priorities 245 Transfer to definitive care 253 Measures to limit damage to vital organs 254 Temperature control and therapeutic hypothermia 257 Prediction of poor outcome 262 Chapter summary 263 Chapter 14: Bereavement 266 Introduction 266 Learning objectives 266 Ideal layout for the relatives room 266 Breaking bad news 267 Telephone notification of relatives 268 Practical arrangements following a death 269 Relatives witnessing resuscitation 270 Chapter summary 272 Chapter 15: Ethical Issues in Resuscitation 273 Introduction 273 Learning outcomes 274 Ethical principles that guide medical practice 274 Historical background to DNAR decisions 275 Importance of DNAR decisions 277 Key messages in Decisions Relating to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 278 Overview of the DNAR decision-making process 279 Factors underpinning DNAR decisions 279 Documentation of DNAR decisions 286 Information for patients and relatives 287 Chapter summary 288 Chapter 16: Resuscitation Records 291 Introduction 291 Learning outcomes 291 Why maintaining accurate resuscitation records is important 291 Examples of poor record keeping 292 Factors underpinning effective record keeping 292 Importance of auditing resuscitation records 294 Legal issues associated with record keeping 294 Audit and reporting standards 295 Chapter summary 296 Chapter 17: Resuscitation Training 297 Introduction 297 Learning outcomes 297 Why resuscitation training is important 298 Principles of adult learning 298 Resuscitation training methods 299 Recommendations for resuscitation training for healthcare staff 302 Training mannequins/models 304 Resuscitation Council (UK) courses 304 Chapter summary 306 Index 309

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Book SynopsisFinally, the #1 ranked DASH diet is popularized and user-friendly. Unlike any diet before it, DASH, which stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, came out of groundbreaking NIH-funded research. Now, Marla Heller, MS, RD, who was trained by one of the primary architects of the DASH diet and is herself the leading dietician putting DASH into action for over ten years, shares the secret to making the diet easy and accessible, in THE DASH DIET ACTION PLAN. Rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat and nonfat dairy, lean meats, fish, beans, and nuts, DASH is grounded in healthy eating principles that lower blood pressure; reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer; and support reaching and maintaining a healthy weight.No diet has a medical pedigree like DASH, and this book is a simple, actionable plan that can fit seamlessly into everyone''s life and lifestyle. It includes:28 days of meal plans at different calorie ranges <

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Book SynopsisAttention to reducing the major risk factors Contemporary coronary care involves a associated with the development of arterio multitude of measures: efforts to prevent the sclerosis has been widespread and appears to acute event; thrombolytic therapy to abort have lowered the incidence of coronary artery infarction; pharmacological measures to delay disease. Nevertheless, acute myocardial and reduce ischemic cell death; monitoring of infarction and related ischemic syndromes the hemodynamic consequences of myocardial represent the most common causes of death as infarction; treatment of acute pump failure; use well as one of the principal reasons for of modern electrical devices as well as a large hospitalization in the industrialized world. In number of new drugs to prevent and treat light of this, care of the patient with acute cardiac arrhythmias; and finally, identification coTrade Review'This new book would help an awakening Rip and Winkle (cardiologist) because it is straightforward and logical, taking the reader through current coronary medicine along a practical route from pathogenesis to prognosis. Skillfully written by two coauthors rather than assembled from multiple contributors, the book is quite readable and well organized. One of the great virtues of this book is the careful, critical way in which several topics are reviewed. This book satisfies a need not usually filled by large general textbooks.' The New England journal of Medicine, 1987 'This book covers virtually all aspects of management of patients with coronary problems necessitating hospitalization in a coronary care unit.' American Journal of Cardiology, 58 (1986) 'The authors provide a detailed discussion of hospital and post hospitalization management in uncomplicated and complicated acute myocardial infarction and the prognosis after myocardial infarction. The book is well referenced, with citations given throughout the text. ... well illustrated with photographs, drawings, electrocardiograms, graphs, and tables. ... will be valued by physicians at all levels of experience who are involved in acute coronary care and will be a welcome addition to the reference shelves of coronary care units.' Annals of Internal Medicine, July 1987 Table of Contents1. Pathogenesis and Pathology of Ischemic Heart Disease Syndromes.- 2. Clinical Presentation of Ischemic Heart Disease.- 3. Routine Management of Myocardial Infarction.- 4. Cardiac Arrhythmias During Acute Myocardial Infarction.- 5. Management of Cardiac Arrhythmias not Associated with Acute Myocardial Infarction.- 6. Pharmacological Therapy of Cardiac Arrhythmias.- 7. Cardioversion and Defibrillation.- 8. Atrioventricular and Intraventricular Conduction Defects.- 9. Temporary and Permanent Pacemaker Therapy.- 10. Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation.- 11. Hemodynamic Monitoring.- 12. Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction.- 13. Myocardial Infarct Size Reduction.- 14. Coronary Artery Spasm.- 15. Post-Hospital Management of Myocardial Infarction.- 16. Prognosis After Hospitalization with Chest Pain or Myocardial Infarction.

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Book SynopsisCardiac Valve Replacement: Current Status is the proceedings of the Fourth Interna tional Symposium on the ST. JUDE MEDICAL@ valve. The first three symposia on this topic were held primarily for designated investigators involved in clinical trials of the ST. JUDE MEDICAL valve. The last meeting, chaired by Michael E. DeBakey, M.D., was held in November 1982 [1], immediately before the valve was released for general clinical use in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration. These proceedings then are the first comprehensive compilation of clinical data since that time; and they include, particularly in the discussions, the experience of physicians other than the original clinical investigators. Over the past 5 years the character of these symposia has changed. Whereas the first two dealt almost entirely with the ST. JUDE MEDICAL valve, the last two have evolved into a Table of ContentsI Complications of Cardiac Valve Replacements and Their Treatment.- 1. Following the patient with prosthetic heart valves.- 2. Thromboembolism after cardiac valve replacement.- 3. Nonprosthetic factors producing thromboembolism in patients with cardiac valve substitutes: their nature and the problems of assessing their role.- 4. Anticoagulant therapy and cardiac valvular surgery: Coumadin® and other alternatives.- 5. Reoperation after cardiac valve surgery: elective, urgent and emergent.- Discussion.- II Cardiac Valve Substitutes: Current Status.- 6. Clinical experience with the caged-ball Starr-Edwards® prosthesis.- 7. Overview of experience with the Björk-Shiley® valve.- 8. Experience with standard and supra-annular Carpentier-Edwards® porcine bioprostheses.- 9. Aortic valve replacement with the Ionescu-Shiley® bovine pericardial valve: an 81-month experience.- Discussion.- III Cardiac Valve Replacement in Special Circumstances.- 10. Annuloaortic ectasia: surgical repair using a composite St. Jude Medical® valve and Dacron® tube graft.- 11. Valve replacement in the geriatric patient using the St. Jude Medical® prosthesis.- 12. Tricuspid valve replacement—a comparative experience with different valve substitutes.- 13. Double valve replacement.- 14. Cardiac valve replacement in the presence of coronary atherosclerosis.- Discussion.- IV Cardiac Valve Replacement in Pediatric Practice: Experience with the St. Jude Medical® Valve.- 15. St. Jude Medical® valve replacement in infants and children.- 16. Pediatric use of the St. Jude Medical® prosthesis.- 17. Mitral valve replacement in a child using the St. Jude Medical® valve.- 18. Thromboembolism in children with St. Jude Medical® valves maintained on aspirin and Persantine®.- Discussion.- V Intermediate Follow-up of Patients with St. Jude Medical® Prostheses: 52 to 72 Months.- 19. A 52-month experience with the St. Jude Medical® cardiac prosthesis at the Medical University of South Carolina.- 20. A 57-month experience with the St. Jude Medical® cardiac prosthesis at Hahnemann University Hospital.- 21. Incidence of complication with the St. Jude Medical® prosthesis: a 58-month study at Hamot Medical Center.- 22. Mitral valve replacement with St. Jude Medical® prostheses: a 60-month study of 350 cases at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire.- 23. A 60-month experience with the St. Jude Medical® prosthesis at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.- 24. A 60-month experience with the St. Jude Medical® prosthesis at University Hospital, Brugmann.- 25. A 72-month clinical experience with the St. Jude Medical® cardiac valve prosthesis at Newark Beth Israel Medical Center.- 26. A 72-month experience with the St. Jude Medical® cardiac valve prosthesis at the Minneapolis Heart Institute and United Hospitals, St. Paul, Minnesota.- 27. A 72-month clinical experience with the St. Jude Medical® prosthesis at Tucson Medical Center.- Discussion.- VI Clinical Experience with Current Cardiac Valve Substitutes: Comparative Observations.- 28. Late complications in patients with Björk-Shiley® and St. Jude Medical® prostheses.- 29. Experience with the St. Jude Medical® valve and the Ionescu-Shiley® bovine pericardial valve at the Texas Heart Institute.- 30. Comparative assessment of single Björk-Shiley®, Hancock® and St. Jude Medical® valves at 43 months after operation.- Discussion.- VII Clinical Forum.- 31. Noninvasive assessment of prosthetic heart valve function by continuous-wave doppler ultrasound.- 32. Potential for immobilization of the valve occluder in various valve prostheses.- 33. Escape of a leaflet from a St. Jude Medical® prosthesis in the mitral position.- 34. Prophylaxis against thromboembolism using aspirin and dipyridamole in patients with the St. Jude Medical® aortic prosthesis.- Discussion.- VIII Closing Observations.- 35. Summary and concluding remarks.- 36. Summary and concluding observations.

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Book SynopsisMinimally invasive cardiac surgery(MICS) is an integral component of every future cardiac surgeon's training. There continues to be a growing global demand towards less invasive surgical techniques. Both cardiologist and cardiac surgeon form heart teams to provide patients with novel, minimally invasive procedures, with all their benefits. Less invasive techniques are often complex and require special knowhow and skills. This book offers an innovative approach to learning, utilizing QR code technology, which refers the reader to essential audio-visual material, which, along with the didactic text, focuses on practical aspects of minimally invasive cardiac surgery. In modern Heart Teams, and with the advent of the hybrid era, surgeons will only be able to survive if they have state-of-the-art skills in less invasive technologies, which can be incorporated in the hybrid theatre and/or trans-catheter arena. This text accompanies the surgeon along this path, and provides clinicalTrade Review“This book is a first-class inspiration for a lot of young surgeons, who would like to stay relevant in todays’ landscape. A must read and a professional companion for the rest of their career”.-Hugo Baron Vanermen"Cardiac surgery is a difficult, high-stakes, reconstructive surgical field, which has slowed down the uptake of minimal invasive procedures. But we are there, finally. This book represents the must-have reference on the topic."-Marc Ruel MD, MPH, FRCSC, FCCS, FAHA“This book is a first-class inspiration for a lot of young surgeons, who would like to stay relevant in todays’ landscape. A must read and a professional companion for the rest of their career”.-Hugo Baron Vanermen"Cardiac surgery is a difficult, high-stakes, reconstructive surgical field, which has slowed down the uptake of minimal invasive procedures. But we are there, finally. This book represents the must-have reference on the topic."-Marc Ruel MD, MPH, FRCSC, FCCS, FAHA"A very practical guide to caring for patients with operative heart disease" -Wiley Nifong, MD, East Carolina UniversityTable of ContentsPrologue. Acknowledgments. Our Editorial Team. Contributors. Foreword/Introduction. History of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery. How to Set up a Minimally Invasive Program. Instrumentation and Operating Theater Set up in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery. Anesthesia for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery. Surgical Approaches in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery. The Aortic Valve: Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement: The Right Anterior Minithoracotomy. Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement: Upper "J" Sternotomy. The Aortic Valve: Sutureless Valves in the Setting of MICS AVR. The Aortic Valve: Endoscopic Aortic Valve Surgery. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI): Transapical Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI): Alternative Approaches for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. The Mitral Valve: Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery. The Mitral Valve: Alternative Approaches to Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery. The Mitral Valve: Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery. The Mitral Valve: Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair: MitraClip. Minimally Invasive Tricuspid Valve Surgery. Minimally Invasive Combined Heart Valve Surgery. The Coronaries: Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery. The Coronaries: Robot Facilitated Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Anaortic, Off-Pump, Total-Arterial Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery: The Coronaries. The Coronaries: Hybrid Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery. Minimally Invasive Atrial Ablation Surgery. Aortic Surgery: Minimally Invasive Ascending Aortic Surgery. Aortic Surgery: Endovascular and Hybrid Approaches for Distal Arch and Descending Thoracic Aorta. Minimally Invasive Heart Failure Surgery. Epilogue. Annex. Index.

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisEndocarditis is a disease process that involves an infection of the heart, cardiac structures, or implantable cardiac support devices and can be a difficult clinical problem. As patients get older and have more comorbidities, their risks for infection increase. In addition, the growing problem of intravenous substance abuse has led to a considerable increase in these patients developing endocarditis. Advances in medical technology have facilitated diagnosis and management, particularly with greater emphasis on early surgical intervention. Nevertheless, success requires a team approach and individualization of care in the setting of very complex medical, surgical, and ethical problems. The goal of this book is to illustrate some of the evolving challenges and controversies in managing these very complex and often extremely sick patients.

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Book SynopsisThe concept of endocarditis has evolved significantly over the years. While initially associated with patients with advanced co-morbidities, such as renal failure and chronic immunosuppression, endocarditis now spans many diverse disciplines. As such, the importance of advanced diagnostic imagining tools, a better understanding of the pathophysiology of not only the infectious (and non-infectious) disease process but also of cardiac structural abnormalities, and the growing literature on management cannot be underemphasized. This book broadens our collective understanding of the spectrum of diagnostic and therapeutic challenges that all areas of medicine must appreciate when faced with the challenging clinical problem of endocarditis.

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Book SynopsisThis fourth edition of Angina has been extensively revised and expanded with regard to the increasing importance of managing hyperlipidemia, diagnosing and treating coronary artery disease in women and the elderly, and managing chest pain in the presence of normal coronary arteries. Additionally, the roles of medicine, percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary artery bypass grafting have been fully updated. As with previous editions, the main focus of this bestselling title is on the evaluation and management of stable angina pectorisTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Background: Incidence and Prevalence; Definitions; Diagnosis of Chest Pain; Stable Angina: clinical evaluation; Investigations 3. Management: General Management; Drug Therapy; Intervention; Refractory Angina; Coronary Disease in Women; Coronary Disease in the Elderly 4. Specific Areas: Unstable Angina; Variant Angina; Chest Pain with Normal Coronary Arteries; Referring Patients; Practical Points 5. Further Reading

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Book SynopsisThe aim of this book is to help clinicians to reduce the risk of complications after vascular and endovascular surgery. Whilst it is a surgical truism that the surgeon who does the most operations has the most complications (an acknowledgement of the fact that all vascular and endovascular procedures are potentially hazardous, and some extremely so), some surgeons seem to have more complications than others. This book is for all surgeons and radiologists who accept the challenge continually to improve their results. Each chapter is authored by an experienced (endo)vascular specialist who will have witnessed firsthand the perils and pitfalls of vascular procedures. They have seen all the complications, and even occasionally made errors of judgement. The chapters are full of information to help the reader avoid similar hazards in future. We live in a world of high patient expectation, where complications are seen as 'someone's fault'. Clinicians are familiar with innovations such as outcomes audit and assessment, procedural governance and quality improvement programmes. There is pressure to show progressive improvement. First class surgery is a combination of knowledge and skill and perhaps just a little luck, though as is oft quoted 'the more you practice, the luckier you get'. The information in this book will provide insights, protocols, and tips and tricks to minimise the risks of procedures in vascular and endovascular surgery. It is therefore essential reading for anyone who treats patients with vascular disease.Table of ContentsHow do complications influence outcome?; Complications related to cardio-respiratory co-morbidity; Associated renal complications & how to prevent them; Complications related to diabetes in vascular patients; Per-procedural thrombosis & the hyper-coagulable state; The management of haemorrhage in vascular surgery; How to prevent & manage major postoperative vascular infection; Drug & medicine-associated complications in vascular patients; The prevention & treatment of peri-operative stroke & paraplegia; Complications related to the management of acute ischaemia; How can we minimise the ischaemic reperfusion, compartment syndrome & multi-organ failure in vascular patients?; The aetiology & management of the failed vascular bypass; Complications due to peripheral angiography, angioplasty & stenting; Complications specific to intra-vascular stents; Vascular complications in patients belonging to other specialties; Abdominal aortic aneurysms; Arch & thoracic aortic aneurysms; Acute & chronic aortic dissections; Carotid intervention; Aorto-iliac & infra-inguinal disease; The diabetic foot; Thoracic outlet syndrome; Thoracoscopic sympathectomy; Intervention for varicose veins; Complications of intervention for vascular malformations; Complications related to renal transplant, vascular access & dialysis.

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Book SynopsisThis book will cover all aspects of hypertension and the manifestations of cardiovascular disease in the Asian population. Asia has the largest population of all the continents, and also has the largest number of people suffering from these diseases. Due to an expanding economy and increasing affluent lifestyles, their incidence is increasing at alarming rates - in fact, this continent is a ticking time bomb for HTN and CVD outbreaks. The book fills a large gap, as there are currently no volumes on this topic - and provides much-needed information for physicians not only in Asia but globally. Not only physicians, but also all related medical professionals and libraries will benefit from this book, to which renowned international experts contributed.Table of Contents1 Hypertension, a powerful risk factor for excess mortality and premature morbidity in Asia.-2 Summary of Recent Guidelines for hypertension.-3 Mechanisms of Hypertension.- 4 Blood pressure levels and cardiovascular disease.- 5 What is new in the non-pharmacological approaches to hypertension control.- 6 Clinical Pharmacology of anti-hypertensive drugs.- 7 Newer angiotensin receptor blockers.- 8 Newer calcium channel blockers.- 9 Blood Pressure measurements in clinical practice ---- methods and application.- 10 True resistant hypertension: Recognition and treatment.-11 Cerebrovascular disease in Asia; causative factors.- 12 Hypertension as a mechanism for dementia.- 13 Blood pressure and Heart Rate Variability. What is the significance.- 14 Blood Pressure levels and chronic kidney disease: A Powerful link.- 15 Hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.- 16 Central aortic blood pressure, a possible marker of systemic hypertension.-17 Secondary causes of hypertension: An overview.- 18 Iatrogenic causes of blood pressure elevation.-19 Renovascular Hypertension --- diagnosis and treatment options.- 20 Mechanical interventional therapies for hypertension: Present status and future prospects.- 21 Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.- 22 Hypertension in the elderly --- Pathophysiology and clinical significance.- 23 Hypertension in children.- 24 Hypertensive crises --- diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book Synopsis'Cardiovascular Disease' is the fourth monograph in the series on management and treatment in major clinical sub specialties or patient groups. Each book is complete in its own right and has been prepared by practising physicians with specialist experience and a particular interest in treatment and management. The series has been prepared to fill a gap between standard textbooks of medicine and therapeutics and research reviews, symposia and original articles in specialist fields. The volumes aim to give authoritative, up-to-date advice on treatment and management which will be of use to both specialists and non-specialists and allow recent advances and developments to be seen in the context of contemporary clinical practice. The first three volumes dealt respectively with gastroin­ testinal diseases, rheumatic diseases and treatment in the elderly. Cardiovascular disease covers the range of common diseases affect­ ing the heart and the circulation. In view of the importance of coronary heart disease as a cause of death and morbidity a substan­ tial part of the book is devoted to description of the factors asso­ ciated with coronary artery disease (hyperlipidaemia and hypertension) and their management by drug and non-drug means. A further five chapters are devoted to the clinical syndromes asso­ ciated with coronary heart disease and their management. These not only consider acute 'in hospital' management, including sur­ gery, but also address epidemiological questions, including approaches to secondary prevention of myocardial infarction.Table of Contents1 Pharmacokinetic Properties of Cardiovascular Drugs.- 2 Atherosclerosis and Hyperlipoproteinaemia.- 3 Angina Pectoris.- 4 Sudden Death.- 5 Acute Myocardial Infarction.- 6 Secondary Prevention Following Acute Myocardial Infarction.- 7 Indications for Surgery in Coronary Heart Disease.- 8 Arrhythmias.- 9 Cardiac Failure.- 10 Hypertension.- 11 Rheumatic Fever.- 12 Chronic Valvular Disease of the Heart.- 13 Infective Endocarditis.- 14 Cardiomyopathies.- 15 Cor Pulmonale.

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Book SynopsisIn this completely revised second edition, internationally acknowledged experts discuss the principles and technical aspects of MR angiography, its diverse clinical applications, and its advantages and limitations. A large number of typical MR angiograms are presented, suitable protocols are described, and comparison is made with other vascular imaging techniques. Chapters focus on image display techniques, blood flow quantification, hardware configurations, and the limitations and artifacts of MR angiography. Suitable examination protocols for different vascular regions and lesions are described to facilitate correct application of the technique. Systematic comparison is made with other vascular imaging techniques.Table of ContentsThe Vascular System: Topographic Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology of Blood Flow I.P. ARLART and C. DIEHM; Definition of MR Angiography I.P. ARLART and G.M. BONGARTZ; PRINCIPLES AND TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF MR ANGIOGRAPHY: Basic Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging G.M. BONGARTZ and H. BOSMANS; K-Space and Resolution M. BOCK; Flow-Dependent Acquistion Techniques H. BOSMANS and R. HAUSMANN; Flow-Independent Acquisition Techniques G.M. BONGARTZ, H. BOSMANS, and G. MARCHAL; Spatial Versus Temporal Resolution H. BOSMANS and G. MARCHAL; Contrast Media in MR Angiography G.M. BONGARTZ; Image Display Techniques J.VAN CLEYNENBREUGEL and G. LAUB; Quantification of Blood Flow J.F. DEBATIN; Hardware Configurations K. SCHEFFLER; Artifacts and Limitations P. REISER and R. VOSSHENRICH; CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF MR ANGIOGRAPHY: Intracranial Vessels G. MARCHAL, G. WILMS, and H. BOSMANS; The Carotid and Vertebral Arteries S. WETZEL and G.M. BONGARTZ; The Thoracic Aorta S. DYMARKOWSKI and J. BOGAERT; The Coronary Arteries A.J. DUERINCKX; The Pulmonary Vessels S. SONNET and G.M. BONGARTZ; The Abdominal Aorta and Its Branches I.P. ARLART and A. GERLACH; Arteries of the Extremities M. BOOS; Veins of the Body and the Extremities A. GERLACH, I.P. ARLART, and G.P. KRESTIN; The Splenoportal Venous System J. GAA; Guidance of Intravascular Therapeutic Procedures: Current Status and Future L.E. LADD and J.F. DEBATIN; Intravascular Implants: Safety and Artifacts P.R. HILFIKER and J.F. DEBATIN; Subject Index; List of Contributors

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Book SynopsisAlthough the technology required for the successful application of contrast echo cardiography has evolved rapidly over the past few years, the technique has not yet gained widespread clinical acceptance. One important reason for the lack of clinical acceptance is the relative complexity of the technique, particularly in respect to myocardial perfusion imaging. The interaction between micro bubbles and ultrasound is an entire field by itsel£ as is the coronary microvasculature. It is in this regard that practicing echocardiographers, cardiologists in training, radiologists, so no­ graphers, and students will find 'A Handbook of Contrast Echocardiography' particularly useful. Written by two leaders in the field who have presented illustrative cases not only from their own laboratories but also from others around the world, this volume is a lucid, concise, and practical guide for the day-to-day use of contrast echocardiography. Dr Peter Burns has been involved in almost all the technical advances in the imaging methods that have made it possible to detect opacification of the left ventricular cavity and myocardium from a venous injection of microbubbles. He has been responsible to a large degree for advancing our understanding of the interaction between micro bubbles and ultrasound, which he describes in clear and easy to understand terms in this book. Dr Harald Becher has been active in the clincal application of contrast echocardiography for several years and has gained considerable experience with many imaging techniques and microbubbles, which he describes in this volume in some detail.Table of ContentsUnderstanding Ultrasound Contrast Agents for Echocardiography: Principles and Instrumentation. Introduction; The Need for Contrast Agents in Echocardiography; Contrast Agents for Ultrasound; Mode of Action; New Developments in Contrast Imaging; Conclusion; Assessment of LV Function by Contrast Echo Physiology and Pathophysiology of LV Function; Available Methods; Indications and Selection of Methods; How to Perfom Contrast Enhanced LV Studies; Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion by Contrast Echo; Coronary Flow and Flow Reserve; Tissue Perfusion

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Book SynopsisThis book describes in detail the use of duplex ultrasound for exploration of the superficial veins and their pathology. It has a practical orientation, presenting numerous clinical situations and explaining how to identify the different sources of reflux, especially in the groin. The investigation of pathology of the saphenous trunks, perforators and side branches is described in detail. As duplex ultrasound plays an important role during various venous surgical procedures, its application pre, intra and postoperatively is presented. Furthermore, the sonographic appearances of thrombotic pathology of superficial and deep veins, edema and other conditions that may be observed while exploring the veins are fully described. The book is based on the authors’ extensive clinical experience and is intended to assist fellow practitioners who want to learn more about the technique it will be equally valuable for physicians and technicians. A wealth of informative images is included with the aim of covering every potential situation.Trade ReviewFrom the book reviews:“This book starts with the basics of ultrasound and venous anatomy and then delves into the specifics of evaluation of the superficial venous system. … The intended audience includes all practitioners involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic venous diseases. The book does a great job of pairing ultrasound figures with descriptive text to aid in visual learning. Readers can find additional supplementary images and videos online.” (Michael Nooromid, Doody’s Book Reviews, January, 2015)Table of ContentsThe Ultrasound Scanner.- Anatomy of the superficial veins. Pathophysiology of the superficial venous system.- Ultrasound based classifications of varicose veins.- Duplex Ultrasound examination of superficial leg veins.- Flow provocation manoeuvres for the diagnosis of venous disease using duplex ultrasound.- Examination of the great saphenous vein.- Examination of the small saphenous vein.- Perforating veins.- Tributaries.- Superficial vein thrombosis.- Ultrasound in varicose vein treatment.- Ultrasound after venous intervention.- Deep leg veins.- Examination of superficial veins in the presence of deep venous disease.- Differential diagnosis of leg oedemas of venous and lymphatic origin.- Incidental findings during a venous examination of the leg.

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Book Synopsis1. Techniques of Angiographic Investigation of the Inferior Vena Cava.- 1.1 Cavography by Percutaneous Bifemoral Approach.- 1.2 Cavography by Percutaneous Unifemoral Approach.- 1.3 Retrograde Iliac Venography.- 1.4 Cavography with Intracaval Catheter Retrograde Femoral Approach.- 1.5 Cavography with Intracaval Catheter Anterograde Approach.- 1.6 Occlusive Cavography.- 1.7 Carboxyangiography.- 1.8 Contraindications for Bifemoral Cavography.- 1.9 Complications of Bifemoral Cavography.- References.- 2. Radioanatomy of the Inferior Vena Cava Pitfalls in Interpretation.- 2.1 Anatomy.- 2.2 Physiology.- 2.3 Radioanatomy Pitfalls in Interpretation.- References.- 3. Congenital Anomalies of the Inferior Vena Cava.- 3.1 Review of the Embryology.- 3.2 Congenital Anomalies of the Postrenal Segment.- 3.3 Congenital Anomalies of the Retrohepatic Segment.- 3.4 Anomalies of the Left Renal Vein and Persistence of the Periaortic Venous Ring.- 3.5 Anomalies in the Termination of the Inferior Vena Cava; Terminations of Abnormal or Aberrant Vessels.- 3.6 Radiosurgical Applications.- References.- 4. Intrinsic Iliocaval Pathology. Thromboembolic Disease of the Iliac Veins and of the Inferior Vena Cava.- 4.1 General Remarks.- 4.2 Thrombophlebitis of the Iliac Veins.- 4.3 Left Common Iliac Compression Syndrome.- 4.4 Thrombosis of the Inferior Vena Cava.- 4.5 Membranous Occlusions and Stenoses of the Inferior Vena Cava Termination.- 4.6 Surgery in Iliofemoral and Iliocaval Phlebitis.- 4.7 Surgical Prevention of Embolic Migration.- References.- 5. Collateral Circulation.- 5.1 General Remarks.- 5.2 Unilateral Iliac Obstruction.- 5.3 Bilateral Iliac Obstruction (Without Caval Obstruction)..- 5.4 Postrenal Occlusion of the Inferior Vena Cava.- 5.5 Obstruction of the Middle Portion of theInferior Vena Cava.- 5.6 Obstruction of the Upper Portion of the Inferior Vena Cava.- References.- 6. Retroperitoneal Compressions of the Inferior Vena Cava.- 6.1 The Retroperitoneal Space.- 6.2 Kidney.- 6.3 Adrenals.- 6.4 Arterial Anomalies.- 6.5 Retroperitoneal Tumors.- 6.6 Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Involvements.- 6.7 Tumors of the Inferior Vena Cava.- References.- 7. Retroperitoneal Fibrosis.- 7.1 Clinical Data.- 7.2 Radiologic Investigations.- 7.3 Treatment.- References.- 8. Inferior Vena Cavography in Hepatic and Intraperitoneal Diseases.- 8.1 Anatomical Considerations.- 8.2 Technique.- 8.3 Radiologic Features.- References.- 9. Renal Venography.- 9.1 Anatomy.- 9.2 Technique.- 9.3 Normal Findings.- 9.4 Pathologic Findings.- 9.5 Indications.- 9.6 Conclusion.- References.- 10. Adrenal Venography.- 10.1 Review of the Anatomy.- 10.2 Technique.- 10.3 Results.- 10.4 Indications.- 10.5 Conclusion.- References.- 11. Spermatic Venography.- 11.1 Embryology.- 11.2 Anatomy.- 11.3 Technique.- 11.4 Results.- 11.5 Other Indications.- References.- 12. Hepatic Venography.- 12.1 History.- 12.2 Anatomy.- 12.3 Technique.- 12.4 Pathologic Findings.- References.- 13. Pelvic Venography in Females.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 Angiographic Exploration Techniques.- 13.3 Radioanatomy of the Pelvic Veins in Women.- 13.4 Pelvic Venography in Genital Tumors.- 13.5 Syndrome of Ureteral Compression by the Ovarian Vein.- 13.6 Pelvic Varices in Women.- 13.7 Pelvic Veins and Pulmonary Embolism.- References.- 14. Lumbar Phlebography.- 14.1 Technique.- 14.2 Radioanatomy.- 14.3 Indications.- References.Table of Contents1. Techniques of Angiographic Investigation of the Inferior Vena Cava.- 1.1 Cavography by Percutaneous Bifemoral Approach.- 1.2 Cavography by Percutaneous Unifemoral Approach.- 1.3 Retrograde Iliac Venography.- 1.4 Cavography with Intracaval Catheter — Retrograde Femoral Approach.- 1.5 Cavography with Intracaval Catheter — Anterograde Approach.- 1.6 Occlusive Cavography.- 1.6.1 Uniocclusive Cavography.- 1.6.2 Biocclusive Cavography.- 1.7 Carboxyangiography.- 1.8 Contraindications for Bifemoral Cavography.- 1.9 Complications of Bifemoral Cavography.- References.- 2. Radioanatomy of the Inferior Vena Cava Pitfalls in Interpretation.- 2.1 Anatomy.- 2.1.1 Course.- 2.1.2 Anatomic Relations.- 2.1.3 Tributaries of the Inferior Vena Cava.- 2.2 Physiology.- 2.2.1 Cardiac Factors.- 2.2.2 Respiratory Factors.- 2.3 Radioanatomy — Pitfalls in Interpretation.- 2.3.1 Technical Factors.- 2.3.2 Anatomic Factors.- References.- 3. Congenital Anomalies of the Inferior Vena Cava.- 3.1 Review of the Embryology.- 3.1.1 Posterior Cardinal Veins.- 3.1.2 Subcardinal Veins.- 3.1.3 Supracardinal Veins.- 3.1.4 Conclusion.- 3.2 Congenital Anomalies of the Postrenal Segment.- 3.3 Congenital Anomalies of the Retrohepatic Segment.- 3.3.1 Absence of the Retrohepatic Segment (Azygos Continuation).- 3.3.2 Other Anomalies of the Retrohepatic Segment.- 3.4 Anomalies of the Left Renal Vein and Persistence of the Periaortic Venous Ring.- 3.5 Anomalies in the Termination of the Inferior Vena Cava; Terminations of Abnormal or Aberrant Vessels.- 3.6 Radiosurgical Applications.- 3.6.1 Surgery on the Postrenal Segment of the Aorta.- 3.6.2 Anomalies of the Left Renal Vein: Further Radiosurgical Applications.- References.- 4. Intrinsic Iliocaval Pathology. Thromboembolic Disease of the Iliac Veins and of the Inferior Vena Cava.- 4.1 General Remarks.- 4.2 Thrombophlebitis of the Iliac Veins.- 4.2.1 Definition.- 4.2.2 Clinical Symptoms.- 4.2.3 Preoperative Angiographic Investigations (Phlebography of the Lower Limb and Iliocavography).- 4.2.4 Radioanatomic Forms.- 4.2.5 Evolutive Forms.- 4.2.6 Etiologic Forms.- 4.3 Left Common Iliac Compression Syndrome.- 4.3.1 History — Definition.- 4.3.2 Radioanatomy of the Junction of the LCIV with the Inferior Vena Cava.- 4.3.3 Pathologic Anatomy.- 4.3.4 Etiology: Congenital or Acquired?.- 4.3.5 The Angiographic Features of the Syndrome.- 4.3.6 Common Iliac Compression Syndrome.- 4.4 Thrombosis of the Inferior Vena Cava.- 4.4.1 Frequency, Etiology, Radioanatomic Localization.- 4.4.2 Radioclinical Diagnosis.- 4.5 Membranous Occlusions and Stenoses of the Inferior Vena Cava Termination.- 4.5.1 Etiology.- 4.5.2 Pathologic Anatomy.- 4.5.3 Clinical Symptomatology.- 4.5.4 Evolution.- 4.6 Surgery in Iliofemoral and Iliocaval Phlebitis.- 4.7 Surgical Prevention of Embolic Migration.- References.- 5. Collateral Circulation.- 5.1 General Remarks.- 5.2 Unilateral Iliac Obstruction.- 5.2.1 Collateral System of the Iliofemoral Segment.- 5.2.2 Collateral System of the Common Iliac Segment.- 5.3 Bilateral Iliac Obstruction (Without Caval Obstruction)..- 5.4 Postrenal Occlusion of the Inferior Vena Cava.- 5.4.1 With Recanalization.- 5.4.2 Without Recanalization.- 5.5 Obstruction of the Middle Portion of the Inferior Vena Cava.- 5.6 Obstruction of the Upper Portion of the Inferior Vena Cava.- References.- 6. Retroperitoneal Compressions of the Inferior Vena Cava.- 6.1 The Retroperitoneal Space.- 6.1.1 Limits.- 6.1.2 Contents.- 6.2 Kidney.- 6.3 Adrenals.- 6.4 Arterial Anomalies.- 6.5 Retroperitoneal Tumors.- 6.5.1 Histologic Classification.- 6.5.2 Technique.- 6.5.3 Cavographic Radiosemiology in Retroperitoneal Tumors.- 6.5.4 Value of Cavography in the Diagnosis of Retroperitoneal Tumors.- 6.6 Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Involvements.- 6.6.1 Technique.- 6.6.2 Radiosemiology.- 6.6.3 Place of Cavography in Investigation of Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Involvements.- 6.6.4 Conclusion.- 6.7 Tumors of the Inferior Vena Cava.- References.- 7. Retroperitoneal Fibrosis.- 7.1 Clinical Data.- 7.2 Radiologic Investigations.- 7.2.1 Intravenous Urography.- 7.2.2 Inferior Vena Cavography.- 7.2.3 Other Radiologic Investigations.- 7.3 Treatment.- References.- 8. Inferior Vena Cavography in Hepatic and Intraperitoneal Diseases.- 8.1 Anatomical Considerations.- 8.1.1 Upper Segment (Hepatic Segment).- 8.1.2 Lower Segment.- 8.2 Technique.- 8.2.1 Hepatic Pathology.- 8.2.2 Nonhepatic Abdominal Pathology.- 8.3 Radiologic Features.- 8.3.1 Hepatic Diseases.- References.- 9. Renal Venography.- 9.1 Anatomy.- 9.1.1 Right Renal Vein.- 9.1.2 Left Renal Vein.- 9.1.3 Intrarenal Venous System.- 9.2 Technique.- 9.3 Normal Findings.- 9.3.1 Right Renal Vein.- 9.3.2 Left Renal Vein.- 9.3.3 Intrarenal Veins.- 9.4 Pathologic Findings.- 9.4.1 Pathology of the Vein Proper.- 9.4.2 Tumoral Pathology.- 9.4.3 Other Renal Parenchymal Diseases.- 9.5 Indications.- 9.5.1 Thromboses of the Renal Veins.- 9.5.2 Appreciation of the Extension of Renal and Retroperitoneal Tumors.- 9.5.3 Silent Kidneys.- 9.5.4 Intraparenchymal Infiltration Processes.- 9.5.5 Hematuria with Irregularities in the Renal Pelvis.- 9.5.6 Miscellaneous.- 9.6 Conclusion.- References.- 10. Adrenal Venography.- 10.1 Review of the Anatomy.- 10.2 Technique.- 10.2.1 Right Adrenal Vein Catheterization.- 10.2.2 Left Adrenal Vein Catheterization.- 10.2.3 Withdrawal of Blood Samples.- 10.2.4 Filming.- 10.2.5 Incidents and Accidents.- 10.3 Results.- 10.3.1 Normal Findings.- 10.3.2 Pathologic Findings.- 10.4 Indications.- 10.5 Conclusion.- References.- 11. Spermatic Venography.- 11.1 Embryology.- 11.2 Anatomy.- 11.2.1 The Spermatic Veins.- 11.2.2 Venous Drainage of the Scrotum.- 11.3 Technique.- 11.4 Results.- 11.5 Other Indications.- References.- 12. Hepatic Venography.- 12.1 History.- 12.2 Anatomy.- 12.2.1 Left Hepatic Vein.- 12.2.2 Sagittal or Middle Hepatic Vein.- 12.2.3 Right Hepatic Veins.- 12.2.4 Dorsal Veins.- 12.2.5 Anatomic Variations.- 12.2.6 Anastomoses.- 12.3 Technique.- 12.3.1 Afferent Approach.- 12.3.2 Direct (Transhepatic) Approach.- 12.3.3 Retrograde Approach.- 12.4 Pathologic Findings.- 12.4.1 Cirrhosis.- 12.4.2 Budd-Chiari Syndrome.- 12.4.3 Results.- 12.4.4 The Cardiac Liver.- 12.4.5 Intrahepatic Expansive Processes.- 12.4.6 Perihepatitis Chronica Hyperplastica.- References.- 13. Pelvic Venography in Females.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 Angiographic Exploration Techniques.- 13.2.1 Bifemoral Percutaneous Iliocavography.- 13.2.2 Selective Utero-ovarian Phlebography (Uni- or Bilateral).- 13.2.3 Selective Hypogastric Venography.- 13.2.4 Hypogastric Venography by Pertrochanteral Approach.- 13.2.5 Injection into a Vulvar Varix or into the Dorsal Vein of the Clitoris.- 13.2.6 Phlebohysteroangiography.- 13.2.7 Pelvic Phlebography by Transpubic or Transischiatic Approach.- 13.2.8 Conclusion.- 13.3 Radioanatomy of the Pelvic Veins in Women.- 13.3.1 Hypogastric Venous System.- 13.3.2 Uterine Venous Plexus.- 13.3.3 Ovarian Veins.- 13.3.4 Veins of the Vulva.- 13.4 Pelvic Venography in Genital Tumors.- 13.5 Syndrome of Ureteral Compression by the Ovarian Vein.- 13.6 Pelvic Varices in Women.- 13.7 Pelvic Veins and Pulmonary Embolism.- References.- 14. Lumbar Phlebography.- 14.1 Technique.- 14.2 Radioanatomy.- 14.3 Indications.- 14.3.1 Disk Herniation.- 14.3.2 Lumbar Neuralgia.- 14.3.3 Lumbar Canal Stenosis.- 14.3.4 Tumor.- References.

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Table of ContentsReviews.- I. History.- II. Factors Inducing Cardiovascular Disease.- Hormones.- Corticoids.- Folliculoids (Estrogens).- Testoids (Androgens) Incl. MAD.- Other Steroid Hormones and Their Derivatives.- Anterior Pituitary Preparations.- Posterior Pituitary Preparations.- Catecholamines.- Thyroid Hormones and Related Compounds. Iodine.- Parathyroid Hormone.- Pancreatic Hormones.- Renal Interventions.- Complete Nephrectomy.- Partial Nephrectomy.- Renal Artery Coarctation.- Ureter Ligature.- Renal Encapsulation.- Figure-of-8 Ligature.- The “Endocrine Kidney”.- Complete Occlusion of the Main Renal Artery or of Its Branches.- Other Renal Interventions.- Renin and Angiotensin.- Phlogistic Mediators.- Antigens.- Infections.- Infections Alone.- Infections + Other Agents.- Microbial Products.- Microbial Products Alone.- Microbial Products + Other Agents.- Nervous Lesions.- Cardiovascular Surgery.- Complete and Permanent Ligature of Coronary Arteries.- Temporary Coronary Artery Ligatures.- Partial Ligature and Gradual Constriction of Coronary Arteries.- Thromboses and Embolisms.- Coronary Vein Ligature.- Cardiac Lymph Vessel Ligature.- Interventions on the Pulmonary Artery.- Ligature of Peripheral Arteries.- Aorta Compression.- Arteriovenous Shunts.- Various Foreign Bodies (Incl. Prostheses) Placed Within the Cardiovascular System.- Local Trauma to the Cardiovascular System by Chemical or Physical Agents.- Destruction of the Vasa Vasorum.- Cardiovascular Transplantation Procedures, Pedicle Grafts.- Cardiac Apex Ligatures.- Cardiac Arrest and the Consequences of Extracorporeal Circulation.- Gastrointestinal Lesions.- Stress.- Spontaneous Cardiovascular Lesions in Various Species.- Parabiosis.- Sexual Intercourse, Pregnancy and Lactation.- Ionizing Rays.- Blood Transfusion.- Varia.- Drugs (Classes).- Drugs (Alphabetically Listed).- Diets.- III. Factors Influencing Cardiovascular Disease.- Hormones.- Hypophysis.- Adrenals.- Gonads.- Catatoxic Steroids.- Thyroid.- Parathyroid.- Calcitonin.- Pancreatic Hormones.- Pineal Gland.- Renal Lesions.- Renin and Angiotensin.- 5-HT and 5-HTP.- Histamine.- Tissue Extracts.- Immune Reactions.- Microbes or Their Products.- Nervous Stimuli.- Gastrointestinal Interventions.- Thymectomy.- Splenectomy and Splenic Extracts.- Hepatic Interventions.- Cardiovascular Surgery.- Muscular Work.- Temperature.- Oxygen Supply.- Electric Stimulation.- Hemorrhage.- Crowding.- Stress.- Genetic Predisposition.- Age.- Sex.- Pregnancy.- Lactation.- Season.- Parabiosis.- Blood Transfusion.- Posture.- Ionizing Radiations.- Varia.- Drugs (Classes).- Drugs (Alphabetic).

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisThe practical substance of this text is aimed at all doctors who assess, and prescribe for patients with cardiovascular problems. It is for clinicians and residents who wish to interpret ECGs accurately. The arrhythmia chapter is packed with clues for diagnosis and therapy, and practical steps. Presents a unique 11-step method for accurate and rapid ECG interpretations in a user-friendly synopsis format. It is thoroughly revised and updated. Includes the latest updates of ECG interpretation along with its importance in assessments of various abnormalities such as ST-segment elevation and also an addition of chapter on enhancing ECG quality. Provides different diagnostic ECG criteria with relevant and instructive ECGs that act as ready-reckoner for proficiency tests and also helpful for physicians who are preparing for the Cardiovascular Diseases Board Examination. The significant information are presented through a succinct writing style and highlighted with bullets. The practical aspects of the book help the clinicians and senior residents for accurate interpretations of the ECG associated with cardiovascular diseases. Table of Contents1Electrocardiogram Basic Concepts must be Mastered 2New Method for ECG Interpretation 3P Wave Abnormalities 4Bundle Branch Block 5ST Segment Abnormalities, ST segment elevation MI, non ST segment elevation MI 6Q Wave Abnormalities 7Atrial and Ventricular Hypertrophy 8T Wave Abnormalities 9Electrical Axis and Fascicular Blocks 10Miscellaneous Conditions 11Arrhythmias 12ECG Board Self-Assessment Quiz 13New placements of limb lead provide superior quality ECG s.

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Book SynopsisHeart failure is a serious condition caused by the heart failing to pump enough blood around the body at the right pressure. It usually occurs because the heart muscle has become too weak or stiff to work properly, most commonly caused by heart attack, high blood pressure or cardiomyopathy (heart disease). This book is a comprehensive guide to the diagnosis and management of heart failure. Divided into 81 sections, the book begins with an overview of heart failure, its epidemiology, types, assessment and diagnosis, and imaging. Each of the following chapters provides in depth detail on a different type or cause of heart failure, concluding with discussion on intravenous drug administration. With more than 100 contributors, the text is further enhanced by charts and tables, making it an excellent quick reference guide for both practising cardiologists and trainees. Key points Comprehensive guide to diagnosis and management of heart failure Covers numerous different types and causes More than 100 expert contributors Highly illustrated with charts and tables Table of Contents Epidemiology of Heart Failure in India Heart Failure: Definition and Types Diagnosis: Signs and Symptoms Systolic Function Assessment in Heart Failure by Echocardiography Echocardiographic Assessment of Diastolic Function in Heart Failure Workup for Heart Failure Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Heart Failure Cardiac Catheterization in Heart Failure Natriuretic Peptides in Heart Failure Natriuretic Peptides in Heart Failure: Fallacies and Special Situations Other Biomarkers of Heart Failure: Troponin T, ST-2, and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Ultrasound B Lines: Cardiologist’s Best Friend in Heart Failure Evaluation Guideline Directed Therapy for Heart Failure: Overview Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors Therapy in Heart Failure Angiotensin Receptor Blockers: Role, Initiation, and Maintenance in Heart Failure Aldosterone Antagonists in Heart Failure Beta-blockers in Heart Failure Diuretic Therapy in Heart Failure: Initiation, Titration, and Maintenance Angiotensin Receptor–Neprilysin Inhibitors: Role, Initiation, and Maintenance in Heart Failure Ivabradine: Role in Heart Failure, Initiation, and Maintenance Digoxin Initiation and Maintenance Hydralazine and Nitrates: Initiation and Maintenance Drugs to be Avoided in Heart Failure Antidiabetic Drugs in Heart Failure Acute Decompensated Heart Failure—Inotropes: Catecholaminergic Agents Acute Decompensated Heart Failure—Inotropes: Noncatecholaminergic Agents Mechanical Circulatory Support for Heart Failure— Current Concepts Arrhythmia Management and Anticoagulation in Heart Failure Hyponatremia in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Potassium Imbalances During Heart Failure Management Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure Surgical Management of Heart Failure Device Therapy in Heart Failure—Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy, and Cardiac Contractility Modulation Living with Heart Failure: Self-care Heart Transplantation Peripartum Cardiomyopathy—Diagnosis and Management Tachycardiomyopathy: Definition and Management Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy—Diagnosis and Management Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Amyloidosis: Price of Longevity Restrictive Cardiomyopathy—Cardiac Sarcoidosis Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy Valvular Heart Disease and Heart Failure— Overview of Evaluation and Management Mitral Regurgitation and Heart Failure Aortic Stenosis and Heart Failure Aortic Regurgitation and Heart Failure Mitral Stenosis and Heart Failure Tricuspid Valve Disease and Heart Failure Myocarditis and Heart Failure: Evaluation and Management Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis Anticancer Therapy and Heart Failure: Management Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Burden in India, Diagnosis Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Nonpharmacological and Pharmacological Treatment Discharge Planning: How to Assess Residual Congestion? Reducing Readmissions in Heart Failure: An Evidence-based Update Exercise and Physical Activity Training in Heart Failure Diet and Fluid Restriction in Heart Failure When will You be Able to Stop Heart Failure Drugs? Medication Adherence in Heart Failure Depression in Heart Failure: Management Vaccination in Heart Failure Patients Prevention of Heart Failure Heart Failure Clinics in India: Step-by-Step Guide Renal Dysfunction and Heart Failure: Management Ultrafiltration and Dialysis in Acute Heart Failure Following Up of Patients with Heart Failure in the Outpatient Settings: Things to Remember The 6 Minute Walk Test Pulmonary Hypertension and Heart Failure Heart Failure with Recovered Ejection Fraction Etiology of Pediatric Heart Failure Pediatric Heart Failure—Clinical Features and Outcomes Evaluation and Diagnostic Workup of Pediatric Heart Failure Treating Pediatric Heart Failure: Pharmacotherapy and General Measures Shunt-related Heart Failure in Children Inflammatory Disorders of the Cardiovascular System Kawasaki Disease Fontan Failure: An Overview Postoperative Tetralogy of Fallot and Related Conditions Right Ventricle as Systemic Ventricle, Is It Right? Eisenmenger Syndrome Practical Tips for Intravenous Drug Administration

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Book SynopsisHypertension is a major world-wide health problem. With high blood pressure there is a greater risk of stroke, heart attack, heart failure, kidney disease and renal failure. Far too few people realize what the risks are and what can be done to prevent these risks even in the countries where pro­ grams in hypertension research are active and the full significance of hyper­ tension is best understood. Some studies of the known hypertensive popu­ lation indicate that one-half or less are receiving adequate treatment, and, of those on therapy, only half have their high blood pressure satisfactorily controlled. These realizations emphasize the need to inform all segments of society throughout the world on the importance of detection and control of high blood pressure. The great incidence of hypertension makes it of para­ mount importance that all practicing physicians have available the latest information on diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive cardiovascular dis­ ease. This treatise on hypertension arrives at a time when there is an increasing recognition the world over of the importance of detecting and treating high blood pressure. The book has been edited by Dr. A. Amery and his asso­ ciates in the University of Leuven. Professor Amery is one of the leaders in the field of hypertension and serves on the Council of the International Society of Hypertension.Table of ContentsI. Blood Pressure Control in Normotensive Subjects.- 1. Role of the kidney in blood pressure regulation.- 2. Role of central mechanisms in the blood pressure regulation.- 3. Arterial baroreflexes in normotensive and hypertensive man.- 4. Role of catecholamines in blood pressure regulation.- 5. Role of the renin-angiotensin system and prostaglandins in blood pressure regulation and sodium homeostasis.- 6. Role of kallikrein in blood pressure regulation.- 7. The lability of blood pressure.- II. Experimental Hypertension.- 8. Pathophysiology of hypertension in genetically hypertensive rats — environmental modification and prevention.- 9. The pathophysiology of hypertension: contributions of experimental pathophysiology.- III. Pathogenesis of Primary Hypertension.- 10. Role of changes in Na+ transport in cell membranes in the pathogenesis of primary hypertension.- 11. Pathophysiology of primary hypertension: role of adrenoceptors in the transformation from an early high cardiac output into a later high arteriolar resistance phase.- 12. Genetics in human hypertension.- 13. Psychophysiologic evidence for the role of the nervous system in hypertension.- 14. Interaction between functional and structural elements in primary hypertension.- 15. Role of the kidney in the pathogenesis of primary hypertension.- 16. Role of sodium in the pathogenesis of idiopathic hypertension.- 17. Role of obesity in the pathogenesis of primary hypertension.- 18. Role of catecholamines in the pathogenesis of primary hypertension.- 19. Role of renin in the control of the circulation in hypertensive disease and in heart failure.- 20. Blood pressure in the first years of life.- 21. Childhood hypertension.- 22. Hypertension in elderly.- 23. Borderline blood pressure elevation.- 24. Hemodynamics of primary hypertension.- IV. Repercussions of High Blood Pressure.- 25. Hypertension and the brain.- 26. The ocular fundus and hypertension.- 27. Influence of hypertension on the heart.- 28. Influence of hypertension on the kidney.- 29. Influence of hypertension on mortality.- 30. Malignant hypertension.- 31. Definition and classification of hypertension.- V. Secondary Hypertension.- 32. Hypertension secondary to coarctation.- 33. Hypertension secondary to renal parenchymal disease.- 34. Hypertension secondary to renovascular disease.- 35. Hypertension secondary to adrenal cortical disease.- 36. Hypertension secondary to pheochromocytoma.- 37. Hypertension secondary to thyroid dysfunction.- 38. Parathyroid function and hypertension.- 39. Hypertension in pregnancy.- 40. Hypertension secondary to contraceptive agents.- VI. Examination of the Hypertensive Patient.- 41. Clinical examination of the hypertensive patient including blood pressure measurement.- 42. Laboratory examination of the hypertensive patient.- 43. Radiological examination of the hypertensive patient.- VII. Antihypertensive Therapy.- 44. Non-drug treatment of hypertension.- 45. Diuretics as antihypertensive agents.- 46. Beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs as antihypertensive agents.- 47. Alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists in hypertension.- 48. Vasodilators as antihypertensive agents.- 49. Methyldopa as an antihypertensive agent.- 50. Clonidine and imidazolines as antihypertensive agents.- 51. Blockers of the neuromuscular junction as antihypertensive agents.- 52. Ganglion blockers as antihypertensive agents.- 53. Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system as antihypertensive agents.- 54. General strategy of antihypertensive treatment.- 55. The benefits of antihypertensive therapy.- 56. Hypertensive emergencies.- 57. Anesthesia and surgery in the hypertensive patient.- 58. Quality of life in hypertensive patients.- 59. Compliance to antihypertensive therapy.- Index of Authors.- Drug Index.

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Book SynopsisEchocardiology comprises all aspects of diagnostic application of ultrasound to cardiac patients. It is probably the fastest growing non-invasive technique today. Almost all progress in this young and exciting field has been the positive result of close co-operation between medical and technical scientists. This book contains a series of lectures held at Erasmus University Rotterdam in June 1977 and is divided in three sections: - clinical echocardiology, consisting of both an introduction to the basic principles as well as a wide variety of applications aimed at the clinically oriented reader. - Doppler methods, where in addition to its clinical applications also the engineering of new developments will be presented. - the two dimensional real-time imaging where many new techniques including com­ puter methods, holography and acousto-optical systems will be discussed. We hope that this book will stimulate communication between scientists of various disciplines and nationalities. N.Bom J. Roelandt P.G. Hugenholtz Rotterdam, June 1977 III Preface The last three decades have seen a remarkable advance in diagnostic instrument­ ation in diseases of the circulation. In the 1940's the only diagnostic aids were the electrocardiogram and simple X-ray. These were quickly followed by the cardiac ca­ theter, phonocardiography, radio isotope methods and angiocardiography. The de­ velopment of cardiac surgery provided the impetus to developing more accurate methods of diagnosis, preferably those that did not need invasion of the patient. The introduction of ultrasound has contributed towards this aim in the last few years.Table of ContentsClinical Echocardiology.- The future of echocardiography as scanned by an outsider.- Principles of ultrasound in medical diagnosis.- Echocardiographic examination techniques.- Echocardiographic examination of the aortic root and aortic valve.- Right-sided heart valves.- Cross-sectional echocardiographic evaluation of the Atrioventricular valves in acquired and congenital heart disease.- Screening, population and sequential follow-up.- Echocardiologic Assessment in Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophy (ASH).- Mitral valve prolapse.- A dual M-mode system for simultaneous time motion analysis of cardiac structures and evaluation of cardiac function: initial clinical applications.- Advantages of combined hemodynamic and ultrasonic studies in man.- Detection of incoordinate left ventricular contraction by echocardiography.- Cardiac anatomy in congenital heart disease.- Echocardiography in noncyanotic congenital heart disease.- Real-time Assessment of Fetal Dynamics.- Echocardiography in a general cardiologic practice.- Contrast echocardiology.- Echocardiographic assessment of cardiomyopathies.- Left ventricular wall motion in patients with W.P.W. syndrome studied by echocardiography.- Doppler instruments and applications.- Continuous wave and pulsed Doppler flowmeters — general introduction.- Pulsed Doppler echocardiography.- Applications of pulsed Doppler systems.- Aortic blood velocity measurement by transcutaneous aortovelography and its clinical applications.- Echo-Doppler systems; Applications for the detection of cardiovascular disorders.- A transcutaneous N-channel digital Doppler.- Two-dimensional real time imaging.- Real time systems for two-dimensional imaging — general introduction.- 2D imaging versus holography and 3D imaging.- Acoustical image reconstruction devices.- Mechanical sector scanners.- A dynamically focused multiscan system.- Phased array systems.- Data processing of time-motion information in Echocardiography.- Author index.

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Book Synopsis1. Atherosclerosis.- 2. Gastrointestinal Regulatory Peptide Control of Insulin Secretion and its Relevance to Diabetes Mellitus.- 3. Insulin Resistance.- 4. Diabetes Mellitus and Atherosclerosis.- 5. Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis in Diabetes Mellitus.- 6. Lipid Metabolism and its Disorders in Diabetes Mellitus.- 7. Diabetes Mellitus and Raised Blood Pressure.- 8. Insulin and Atherosclerosis.- 9. The Possible Role of Glycation in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis.- 10. Haemostatic Disorders in Diabetes Mellitus.- 11. Proteinuria in Relation to Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetes Mellitus.- 12. Non-ischaemic Heart Disease in Diabetes Mellitus.- 13. Experimental Atherosclerosis and Diabetes Mellitus.Trade Review' This book is of interest to clinicians of different specialties participating in the management of diabetic patients, but it is also good reference source for researchers in this field. ' Journal of the Royal Col. of Phy. of London 26:4 1992 '....but I can thoroughly recommend it to cardiologists, diabetologists, endocrinologists, general physicians, geriatricians, pathologists and vascular surgeons.' Age and Ageing 22:1 1993 'I will find the book a useful source. I recommend the book to those who are interested in the all too common problem that it is atherosclerosis that most commonly leads to the clinical morbidity and early death of our diabetic patients.' The Ulster Medical Journal 61:1 1992 Table of Contents1. Atherosclerosis.- 2. Gastrointestinal Regulatory Peptide Control of Insulin Secretion and its Relevance to Diabetes Mellitus.- 3. Insulin Resistance.- 4. Diabetes Mellitus and Atherosclerosis.- 5. Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis in Diabetes Mellitus.- 6. Lipid Metabolism and its Disorders in Diabetes Mellitus.- 7. Diabetes Mellitus and Raised Blood Pressure.- 8. Insulin and Atherosclerosis.- 9. The Possible Role of Glycation in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis.- 10. Haemostatic Disorders in Diabetes Mellitus.- 11. Proteinuria in Relation to Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetes Mellitus.- 12. Non-ischaemic Heart Disease in Diabetes Mellitus.- 13. Experimental Atherosclerosis and Diabetes Mellitus.

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Book SynopsisWILLEM H. BIRKENHA. GER This compact guide aims to define the current approach to hypertension in practice, with the focus on the individual whom the physician faces across his desk. In the population, blood pressures are distributed along a Gaussian type of curve, but with some tailing towards the upper range. A systolic blood pressure of 160 mmHg is commonly accepted as the upper limit of the normal range. For diastolic pressure, the gradings are much more detailed: borderline hypertension (90-94 mmHg, mild hypertension (95-104 mmHg), moderate hypertension (105-114 mmHg), and severe hypertension (115 mmHg and over). Despite its skewing to the right, the bell shape of the distribution curve of blood pressures implies that the milder elevations of blood pressure are the most common. Such pressures are observed in 15-20% of the population upon casual measurement. After rechecking - which is mandator- the prevalence of hypertension drops to some 5%, due to psychological and statistical factors. Even this modest segment of the population represents an important proportion in terms of future cardiovascular risk. It is an essential part of preventive and curative health care to identify these people; the more so, because some 40% of the excess risk has already been proven to be reversible by conventional antihypertensive treatment.Table of Contents1. Techniques for measuring blood pressure and their interpretation.- 2. Pathophysiological basis of hypertension.- 3. Cardiovascular risk associated with hypertension; interactions with other risk indicators.- 4. Evaluation of the hypertensive subject.- 5. Special situations in hypertension (childhood and adolescence; pregnancy; old age).- 6. How to deal with secondary hypertension.- 7. Non-pharmacological intervention Roger.- 8. Drug treatment: efficacy and adverse effects. Specific responses in patients sub-groups and treatment approach.- 9. Predictability, assessment and improvement of compliance with regard to taking antihypertensive drugs.

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Book Synopsis1 Shepherd Coronary artery disease, the most important cause of death in the United Kingdom, kills about 200 000 Britons each year. Many victims are struck down out of the blue and in the prime of an active working life. Others survive the fIrst attack but are so debilitated by it that they are compelled to fall back on the efforts of their family and the Social and Health Services for their future survival. The epidemic proportions of the problem and the burden which it places on the community at large has led many health care professionals to reassess their attitudes to heart disease prevention. In the past, the clinician's attention has been directed primarily at the treatment of established ischaemic heart disease rather than focussing on forestalling its appearance by attempting to tackle those life-style habits within the population which appear to predispose to it. A number of recent developments make this approach hard to sustain. First, there is now convincing evidence that action taken against cigarette smoking, hyper­ tension and hypercholesterolaemia offers signifIcant protection to the individual. Secondly, effective and apparently safe antihypertensive and lipid-lowering agents have recently become available to the practicing clinician. Thirdly, developments in computer technology and laboratory equipment manufacture have brought the measurement of coronary risk factors right into the primary health care setting. And, last, but not least, political attitudes towards prevention now favour the enthusiastic general practitioner with an interest in anticipating and averting the development of degenerative diseases like atherosclerosis.Table of Contents1 Hyperlipidaemia—is it really a GP’s problem?.- 2 Cholesterol in perspective as a coronary heart disease risk factor.- 3 Finding your patient.- 4 Finding your patient in general practice.- 5 Investigating individual patients.- 6 Management in general practice.- 7 Drug management.- 8 Specific guidelines for treatment.- 9 Classification of hyperlipidaemias.- 10 Costs and benefits.- Appendix I: Lipid metabolism.- Appendix II: Summary of major trials results.- Appendix III: Useful Addresses.

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Book SynopsisCardiology embraces a number of different conditions and disease processes. Cardiovascular disease is now responsible for most of the deaths of adults, especially premature deaths, in the developed world. The development of effective preventive measures, new drugs and surgical techniques makes it increasingly important to recognise those at risk, to diagnose accurately those suffering from disease and to prescribe, monitor and refer appropriately. This book is intended to focus attention on the opportunities which family' practice provides for this and to look at the need for a change in emphasis in approaching the problems. The book is in five parts. Part 1 is a reminder of some of the basic principles, which are essential if sensible cardiology is to be practised. Part 2 is about cardiac drugs, their use, effectiveness and risks. Part 3 looks at the diagnostic process; it comprises the history, examination, investigation and referral of patients, who might have cardiac disease and also the drugs which are most likely to be used. Part 4 is devoted to specific conditions. In Part 5, we look at the need for prevention and consider how it may be tackled in general practice. This is not a comprehensive textbook of cardiology. It is not intended for students. It is hoped that it may be useful to experienced doctors, struggling to provide a sound, sensible service in an environment of ever expanding technology.Trade Review`This splendid book is written by two general practitioners hoping to bring the mysteries of cardiology to the fingertips of all those engaged in family practice ..., and does indeed bring commonsense to cardiology. It can be recommended to all those wishing for an introduction to the subject.' Robert H. Anderson, International Journal of Cardiology, No. 28, 1990, pp. 129-131Table of Contents1: The Basics.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Basic Anatomy.- 1.3 Physiological models.- 1.4 Electrophysiology.- 2: Cardiac Drugs.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Hazards, safety and effectiveness.- 2.3 Sorting out the drugs.- 3: The Diagnostic Process.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Clinical history.- 3.3 Sorting out the symptoms.- 3.4 Examination.- 3.5 Electrocardiology.- 3.6 Pathology tests and chest X-rays.- 4: Cardiac Disease.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Ischaemic heart disease.- 4.3 Heart failure.- 4.4 Essential hypertension.- 4.5 Arrhythmias.- 4.6 Valvular disease.- 4.7 Congenital heart disease.- 4.8 Bacterial endocarditis.- 4.9 Cardiomyopathies.- 4.10 Pulmonary embolism.- 4.11 Pregnancy.- 4.12 Care of the patient dying of heart disease.- 5: The Role of General Practice.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Risk factors and prevention.- 5.3 The role of the Primary Health Care Team.- Further reading.

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Book SynopsisH. E. D. J. TER KEURS & M. I. M. NOBLE The "Starling's Law of the Heart" and "The Frank-Starling Mechanism" have long been the cornerstone of cardiac mechanical physiology. It is often forgotten that Frank and Starling carried out fundamentally different exper­ iments. Frankl measured the isovolumic pressure developed by frog heart at different volumes. He therefore discovered the pressure-volume-volume rela­ tionship which depends directly on the force-length relationship of the 2 sarcomeres. Starling ,3 studied cardiac shortening as manifest by cardiac output and its relationship to end-diastolic conditions as manifest by right atrial pressure. Thus he was studying the ability of cardiac muscle to shorten more at a given load from a greater initial length. Starling in the promulga­ 4 tions of his law implied a common mechanism for these two phenomena and spoke of the "energy liberated" being a function of initial muscle fiber length. However, there has been much confusion about the interrelationship between the two different aspects studied by Frank and Starling. The 1960s saw the era of isolated cardiac muscle mechanics, beginning with 5 the paper of Abbott and Mommaerts. Whole muscle length-tension relations were equated with sarcomere-length-tension relations by fixation of muscle at a particular point on the curve and determination of sarcomere length by electronmicroscopy.Table of Contents1. The contribution of myofibrillar properties to the sarcomere length-force relationship of cardiac muscle.- Appendix (Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release).- 2. The mechanism of the length-tension relation in cardiac muscle of Rana Catesbeiana.- 3. Intracellular calcium concentration following length changes in mammalian cardiac muscle.- 4. Some dynamic effects of length and isotonic motion on cardiac sarcomere shortening.- 5. The relation between contraction dynamics and the intracellular calcium transient in mammalian cardiac muscle.- 6. The effects of sarcomere length on force and velocity of shortening in cardiac muscle.- 7. Similarity and dissimilarity between muscle force-length relationship and ventricular pressure-volume relationship.- 8. The importance of the geometry of the heart to the pump.- 9. Cardiac pump function and ventricular dimensions.- 10. The pressure-volume relationship of the intact heart.- Index of Subjects.

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Book SynopsisBasic Concepts in Doppler Echocardiography The objective of this textbook is to offer a detailed yet concise overview of the various applications of Doppler echocardiography. The fundamental principles of pulsed mode, continuous mode, and color flow mapping are fully explained as well as the clinical applications of each modality in the evaluation of various cardiac pathologies. A copious amount of figures and illustrations is included so that the reader is able to follow the discussions in the text by referring to the appropriate case studies. The emphasis of this book is focused upon the practical Doppler examination. The sections on theoretical considerations are therefore brief but comprehensive, while the didactic sections concentrate upon how to perform and interpret the clinical examination. The instrumentation of the Doppler system is also discussed so that the physician or technologist can acquire a basic understanding of how the Doppler system actually functions. CONTRmUTORS Bjorn AJ. Angelsen Dr. Tech. Professor of Biomedical Engineering University of Trondheim Trondheim , Norway Phillip Brun M. D. Director of Research Department of illtrasonology University Medical Center, Henri Mondor Paris , France Albert Meguira M. Sc. Biomedical Engineer Sonotron / Diasonics Paris , France and the Department of illtrasonology University Medical Center, Henri Mondor Paris , France Andreas Strauss M. D. Department of illtrasonology University Medical Center, Henri Mondor Paris France Sandra Yanushka B. Sc.Table of Contents1 Basic Principles.- Sound Wave Propagation.- The Ultrasound Beam.- The Doppler Effect.- Pulsed Doppler.- High Pulse Repetition Mode.- Continuous Wave Doppler.- Color Flow Mapping.- 2 On The Design of A Color Flow Imaging System.- Technical Problems with Color Flow Imaging.- Scan methods.- Phased Annular Array.- 3 Intracardiac Flow Dynamics.- Entrance Flow.- Pulsatile Flow.- Turbulant Flow.- Cardiac Output Measurement.- 4 The Normal Examination.- The Imaging Windows.- Characteristics of Normal Intracardiac Flows.- 5 Applications In Acquired Heart Disease.- Determination of the Pressure Gradient.- Aortic Stenosis.- Mitral Stenosis.- Tricuspid Stenosis.- Pulmonary Stenosis.- Aortic Insufficiency.- Mitral Insufficiency.- Pulmonary Insufficiency.- Tricuspid Regurgitation.- Prosthetic Valves.- Obstructive Cardiomyopathy.- Dilated Cardiomyopathy.- 6 Doppler Ultrasound in Congenital Heart Disease.- The Pulmonary to Systemic Flow Ratio.- Ventricular Septal Defect.- Atrial Septal Defect.- Patent Ductus Arteriosus.- Estimation of Systolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure.- Obstructive Lesions.

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Book SynopsisThis book is designed as a definitive report on current capabilities of ultrasound imaging and Doppler evaluation of the cerebral circulation, both extracranial and intracranial. The basic chapters are directed to the beginner in ultrasound and hemodynamics and for the expert in updating newly available modalities and techniques new to the field. The ultrasonic and hemodynamic principles are presented for physicians and vascular technologists in a practical way to avoid unnecessary mathematics. The aim is for maximum clinical utilization so that available equipment may be used more efficiently and provide more accurate diagnosis. The selection of authors represents a wide range of the expertise available in the world today. M.P. Spencer Contents Preface V Contributors IX 1. Introduction 1 Merrill P. Spencer, M.D. 2. Ultrasound physical concepts 7 Merrill P. Spencer, M.D., Ronald E. Hileman, Ph.D., John M. Reid, Ph.D 3. Doppler instrumentation 29 Robert S. Reneman, MD., Ph.D., A.P.G. Hoeks, Ph.D. 4. Normal anatomy, anatomical anomalies and collateral Pathways of the blood supply to the brain 43 Robert Ackerstaff, M.D. 5. Normal blood flow in the arteries 57 Merrill P. Spencer, M.D. 6. Normal physiology and pathophysiology of human cerebral blood fuw ~ P.C.M. Mosmans, M.D., E.J. Jonkman, M.D.Trade Review`The book is clearly written and well illustrated and should be available in any hospital with an ultrasound department and will prove an ideal introduction and reference book to anyone interested in non-invasive assessment of cerebral vessels.' Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgerey & Psychiatry, March 1988 `The book is very good, and I recommend it for anyone performing cerebral vascular US, whether as an expert or a beginner.' Radiology, April 1988Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. Ultrasound physical concepts.- 3. Doppler instrumentation.- 4. Normal anatomy, anatomical anomalies and collateral Pathways of the blood supply to the brain.- 5. Normal blood flow in the arteries.- 6. Normal physiology and pathophysiology of human cerebral blood flow.- 7. Cranial blood flow measurement by means of Doppler ultrasound.- 8. Early carotid lesions and flow disturbances.- 9. Hemodynamics of arterial stenosis.- 10. Vascular bruits.- 11. Free hand Doppler techniques for examination of the extracranial arteries with continuous wave Doppler.- 12. Quantification of carotid stenosis using continuous wave Doppler and spectral analysis.- 13. Vertebral and basilar artery abnormalities.- 14. Doppler imaging.- 15. Clinical application of real-time Doppler color flow mapping of the carotid artery.- 16. Transcranial Doppler diagnosis.- 17. Real-time B-mode imaging of the carotid bifurcation.- 18. Clinical application of high resolution B-scan imaging with pulsed Doppler profiles (10mHz).- 19. Intraoperative Doppler sonography.- 20. Perioperative transcranial Doppler sonography.- 21. Conclusion.- Credit and recognition list.

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Book SynopsisIn writing this short monograph on 'Problems in Peripheral Vascular Disease', I have tried to steer a course between a simplistic dogmatic approach more appropriate to an under­ graduate text, and a detailed specialist treatise of interest only to vascular surgeons. Although arterial surgery has been performed for centuries, the main indications in the past were to deal with the effects of trauma and aneurysm formation. The development of arterio­ graphy and the ability to see arterial blocks and stenoses allowed surgeons to carry out increasingly sophistidated operations for an enlarging range of pathological conditions. Even today, arterial surgery continues to develop, and although we are often dealing with the 'surgery of ruins', a successful outcome is just as rewarding for surgeon and patient alike. In this book I have also included a discussion on venous problems including a note about recent developments in direct surgery of the deep veins of the lower limb which could be a re­ warding field of endeavour for the vascular surgeon. The original descriptions by Buerger and Raynaud are taken from 'Classic Descriptions of Disease' by Ralph H. Major. While reviewing my own surgical practice, I have had the pleasure of reading once again the publications of H.H.G. Eastcott (arterial surgery), J.T. Hobbs (varicose veins), G.L. Hill (Buerger's disease), Adrian Marston (intestinal ischaemia), Martin Bimstingl (vasospastic disorders) and C.H. Hawkes (lumbar canal stenosis).Table of Contents1 Arterial occlusive disease.- Presentation.- Examination and risk factors.- Investigations.- Vasoactive drugs.- Surgical treatment.- 2 The surgical treatment of intermittent claudication.- Assessment.- Aortoiliac disease.- Femoropopliteal reconstruction.- 3 The critically ischaemic limb.- Definition.- Clinical features.- Management.- Results.- 4 When should arteries be dilated?.- Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.- Technique.- Indications.- 5 Acute ischaemia and arterial embolism.- Thrombosis.- Embolism.- Clinical features.- Management.- 6 Amputation in peripheral vascular disease.- Indications.- Technique.- Results.- Rehabilitation.- 7 What is Buerger’s disease?.- Clinical features.- Prognostic factors.- Management.- 8 Aneurysms.- Pathogenesis.- Aortic aneurysms.- Surgery of leaking aortic aneurysms.- Dissecting aortic aneurysms.- 9 What about sex, doctor?.- Physiology.- Vasculogenic impotence.- Prevention of impotence.- Surgical treatment of vasculogenic impotence.- 10 Vascular surgery of the intestinal tract.- Anatomy.- Pathology.- Chronic intestinal ischaemia.- Acute intestinal ischaemia.- 11 Raynaud’s what?.- Physiology.- Raynaud’s syndrome.- Raynaud’s disease.- Raynaud’s phenomenon.- Assessment and investi-ation.- Treatment.- 12 The diabetic foot.- Pathophysiology.- Clinical presentation.- Assessment.- Management.- 13 Lumbar canal stenosis.- Cauda equina syndrome.- Anatomy.- Clinical features.- Diagnosis.- Treatment.- 14 Varicose veins.- Anatomy.- Physiology.- Classification.- Assessment.- Management.- Recurrent varicose veins.- Superficial thrombophlebitis.- Restless leg syndrome.- 15 Compression sclerotherapy for varicose veins.- Patient selection.- Injection technique.- Complications.- 16 Venous thromboembolism.- Pathogenesis.- Prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).- Clinical features of DVT.- Management of DVT.- Recurrent DVT.- Pulmonary embolism.- 17 The post-thrombotic syndrome.- Clinical features.- Venous outflow obstruction.- Venous reconstructive surgery.- 18 Leg ulcers.- Aetiology.- Clinical features.- Diagnosis.- Management.

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Book SynopsisOver several years working in a district general hospital as a physician with a cardiological interest, the common problems in this field are clearer. This knowledge has come through normal out-patient clinic referrals, care of in-patients, and by working in a domiciliary consultative capacity. The problems that concern family physicians nowadays are somewhat different from the problems of two or three decades ago. The accent now is very much on the implications of hypertensive and ischaemic heart disease. Rheumatic fever is rarely seen, though its sequelae may still be discovered. Hence the approach of this book is to the common problems of today in family practice, and the book is not intended to be a reference text book of cardiology. It does not include references because it has been written from personal experience gained from the treatment and management of patients with common cardiac problems. It is hoped that it will be of value primarily to family physicians because it has been written in an attempt to fill a need as measured by the problems that are referred to specialists in the cardiological field. It may prove of value to those medical students and nurses who wish to consider medical problems in a practical way, that is from the ways that cardiac problems present in practice.Table of ContentsPreface.- Foreword.- 1 Presenting symptoms — chest pain.- Skin.- Intercostal muscles and muscles attached to the chest wall.- Ribs and spine.- costo-chondral junctions.- Pleura and diaphragmatic pleura.- The pericardium.- The myocardium.- The aorta.- The oesophagus.- Anxiety and cardiac neurosis.- 2 Ischaemic heart disease.- Myocardial ischaema.- Myocardial infarction.- 3 Hypertension.- Presentation.- General considerations.- Investigations.- Treatment.- Notes on hypotensive drugs.- 4 Cardiac murmurs.- Systolic murmurs.- Diastolic murmurs.- 5 Syncope.- Dysrhythmias.- Valvular heart disease.- Congenital heart disease.- Hypotension.- Other low output states.- Pulmonary embolism.- Cardiac compression.- 6 Breathlessness.- Presenting symptoms.- Acute cardiac failure.- Chronic heart failure.- The signs of heart failure.- Investigations in cardiac failure.- Treatment of cardiac failure.- 7 Infective and invasive processes of the heart.- Pericardium.- Myocardium.- Endocardium.- 8 Electrocardiography.- Particular value of e.c.g. in practice.- Reading and recording the e.c.g..- Some examples of common e.c.g. abnormalities.- 9 Dysrhythmias.- Presenting symptoms.- Supra-ventricular dysrhythmias.- Ventricular causes of dysrhythmia.- other dysrhythmias.- 10 Changing trends in the investigation and treatment of cardiological problems.- Investigations.- Methods of treatment.- 11 Drug therapy in practice.- Diuretics.- The ?-blocking drugs.- Other antidysrhythmic drugs.- Hypotensive drugs.- Anti-anginal drugs.- 12 Present and future problems.- Changing trends of cardiac disease.- Statistics concerning heart disease.- Epidemiology and prevention.- Logistics.

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Table of Contents1 Is Heart Disease Preventable?.- 2 Case Finding in General Practice.- 3 The Unexpected Finding on Routine Examination.- 4 The Patient with Chest Pain.- 5 Hypertension.- 6 Cardiac Arrhythmias.- 7 Myocardial Infarction.- 8 Congenital Cardiac Disease.- 9 Long-Term Problems.- 10 Current Investigative Techniques.- 11 Managing Strokes.- 12 Systemic Disorders and the Heart.- 13 Current Therapy.- 14 Future Prospects for the Treatment of Heart Disease.

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Table of Contentsof Volume 4.- I Antihypertensive Drugs: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Use.- 1. Diuretics.- 1.1 Mechanism of Action.- 1.2 Pharmacokinetics.- 1.3 Clinical Use.- 1.4 Side Effects.- 2. Sympathetic Inhibiting Agents.- 2.1 Ganglion Blocking Agents.- 2.2 Guanethidine and Other Adrenergic Neurone Blocking Drugs.- 2.3 Rauwolfia Alkaloids.- 2.4 Methyldopa.- 2.5 Clonidine.- 2.6 Prazosin.- 2.7 ?-Adrenoceptor Blocking Agents.- 2.8 Labetalol.- 2.9 MAO Inhibitors.- 3. Direct-acting Vasodilators.- 3.1 Hydrallazine.- 3.2 Minoxidil.- 3.3 Diazoxide.- 3.4 Sodium Nitroprusside.- 4. Angiotensin II Analogues and Converting Enzyme Inhibitors.- 5. Treatment Regimens.- 5.1 Mild Hypertension.- 5.2 Moderate to Severe Hypertension.- 5.3 Resistant Hypertension.- 5.4 Hypertensive Emergencies and Presence of Complications.- II Metoprolol: A Review of its Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Efficacy in Hypertension.- 1. Animal Pharmacodynamic Studies.- 1.1 ?-Adrenoceptor Blocking Effect.- 1.2 Partial Agonist Activity.- 1.3 ?-Adrenoceptor Selectivity.- 1.4 Antihypertensive Effect.- 1.5 Cardiovascular Haemodynamics in Dogs.- 1.6 Toxicology Studies.- 1.7 Dysmotphology and Reproduction Studies.- 2. Animal Pharmacokinetic Studies.- 2.1 Absorption.- 2.2 Half-Life.- 2.3 Distribution.- 2.4 Metabolism.- 3. Human Pharmacodynamic Studies.- 3.1 Effect on Heart Rate and Cardiac Output.- 3.2 Effect on Blood Pressure.- 3.3 ?-Adrenoceptor Selectivity.- 3.4 Effect on Plasma Renin Activity.- 3.5 Metabolic Effects.- 4. Pharmacokinetic Studies in Man.- 4.1 Absorption.- 4.2 Distribution.- 4.3 Metabolism and Excretion.- 4.4 Plasma Concentration and Clinical Effects.- 5. Therapeutic Trials.- 5.1 Comparison with Placebo.- 5.2 Comparison with Other Drugs.- 5.3 Metoprolol Combined with Other Drugs.- 5.4 Long-term Treatment of Hypertension.- 5.5 Is the Efficacy of Metoprolol in Hypertension Influenced by Frequency of Administration?.- 5.6 What is the Role of Metoprolol in Hypertension?.- 6. Side Effects.- 7. Contraindications.- 8. Precautions.- 9. Dosage.- 10. Overdosage.- III Labetalol: A Review of its Pharmacology and Therapeutic Use in Hypertension.- 1. Pharmacology.- 1.1 Blockade of ?- and ?-Adrenoceptors.- 1.2 Haemodynamic Effects.- 1.3 Effect on Plasma Renin Activity and Plasma Angiotensin II.- 1.4 Effect on Respiratory Function.- 1.5 Animal Toxicological Studies.- 1.6 Mode of Action.- 2. Pharmacokinetics.- 2.1 Absorption.- 2.2 Distribution.- 2.3 Elimination.- 2.4 Plasma Concentration and Clinical Effects.- 2.5 Influence of Disease on Kinetics.- 3. Therapeutic Trials.- 3.1 Open Studies.- 3.2 Placebo-Controlled Trials.- 3.3 Labetalol Compared with a ?-Adrenoceptor Blocker Alone or in Combination with an ?-Adrenoceptor Blocker.- 3.4 Use in Phaeochromocytoma.- 3.5 Intravenous Labetalol in Severe Hypertension.- 3.6 Labetalol in Clonidine Withdrawal Hypertension.- 4. What is the Role of Labetalol in Hypertension?.- 5. Side Effects.- 6. Precautions.- 7. Dosage.- 7.1 Initial Dosage, Oral.- 7.2 Dosage Adjustment.- 7.3 Intravenous Labetalol.- IV Prazosin: A Review of its Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Efficacy in Hypertension.- 1. Animal Pharmacodynamic Studies.- 1.1 Mode of Action.- 1.2 Effect on Blood Pressure.- 1.3 Effect on Heart Rate.- 1.4 Effect on Plasma Renin.- 2. Pharmacokinetic Studies in Animals.- 3. Human Pharmacology.- 3.1 Pharmacodynamic Studies.- 3.2 Effect on Renal Function.- 3.3 Effect on Plasma Renin Activity.- 4. Pharmacokinetic Studies in Man.- 4.1 Absorption.- 4.2 Distribution.- 4.3 Elimination.- 4.4 Plasma Concentrations and Clinical Effects.- 4.5 Influence of Disease on Kinetics.- 5. Therapeutic Trials.- 5.1 Prazosin Compared with Placebo.- 5.2 Prazosin Compared with ?-Methyldopa.- 5.3 Prazosin plus a Thiazide Diuretic Compared with Prazosin Alone.- 5.4 Prazosin Compared with Hydrallazine.- 5.5 Prazosin in Combination with other Antihypertensive Drugs.- 5.6 Prazosin in Patients with Renal Disease.- 5.7 Rapid Lowering of Blood Pressure by Prazosin.- 6. Factors Influencing Response to Prazosin.- 6.1 Dosage.- 6.2 Baseline Severity of Blood Pressure and Impaired Renal Function.- 6.3 Duration of Therapy.- 7. What is the Role of Prazosin in the Treatment of Hypertension?.- 8. Side Effects.- 8.1 Postural Effects.- 8.2 Changes in Heart Rate.- 8.3 Skin Reactions.- 8.4 Other Effects.- 8.5 Incidence Compared with ?-Methyldopa.- 8.6 Incidence Compared with Hydrallazine.- 9. Precautions.- 10. Dosage.

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