Botany and plant sciences Books
Cambridge University Press The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants
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£224.20
Cambridge University Press The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants
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£224.20
Cambridge University Press The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants
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£235.60
Cambridge University Press Flowers on the Tree of Life 80 Systematics Association Special Volume Series Series Number 80
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£63.64
Cambridge University Press Forest Health
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£87.40
Cambridge University Press Bryophyte Ecology and Climate Change
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£126.35
Cambridge University Press Spatial Pattern Analysis in Plant Ecology
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£52.24
Cambridge University Press The Ecology of Trees in the Tropical Rain Forest
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£126.35
Cambridge University Press Evolutionary Physiology of Algae and Aquatic Plants
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Cambridge University Press Cave Biology Life in Darkness Ecology Biodiversity and Conservation
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Cambridge University Press Ecology of Woodlands and Forests
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£99.75
Cambridge University Press Ecological Communities
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£128.25
Cambridge University Press The Poet as Botanist
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£79.80
Cambridge University Press Lichen Biology
Lichen Biology by III
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Cambridge University Press Introduction to Bryophytes
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Cambridge University Press Biodiversity in Dead Wood Ecology Biodiversity and Conservation
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Taylor & Francis Ltd Ecology and Palaeoecology of Benthic Foraminifera Frontiers in palaeobiology
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£131.79
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Principles of Crop Improvement
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£134.95
Taylor & Francis Ltd Trichoderma And Gliocladium Volume 2
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£209.00
Edinburgh University Press Flora of Turkey Volume 11
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£300.00
Taylor & Francis Asian Perspectives on Animal Ethics
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£31.34
University of Hawai'i Press Land of Plants in Motion Japanese Botany and the World Perspectives on the Global Past
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£60.00
University of Hawai'i Press The Journal of James Macrae
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£16.96
Taylor & Francis Ltd Directory Of Plants Containing Secondary Metabolites
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£451.25
Taylor & Francis Ltd Dictionary Of British And Irish Botantists And Horticulturalists Including plant collectors flower painters and garden designers
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£570.00
CABI Biodiversity of West African Forests
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£141.48
Montana Historical Society Press Montana Native Plants Early Peoples
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£999.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd Sustainable Agricultural Systems
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£218.50
Cambridge University Press Cenozoic Paleobotanical Resource Inventory of the National Park System
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Cambridge University Press Flora of Connemara and the Burren
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£48.44
Cambridge University Press Handbook of Phycological Methods
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Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Plant Virology
Book SynopsisThis volume discusses traditional and current techniques that are successfully used to diagnose plant viruses and study molecular plant-virus interactions. The chapters in this book cover topics such as in vivo detection of double-stranded RNA, developing rice mutant using CRISPR-Cas9-based technology, protein-protein interaction assays, purification and transfection of protoplasts, protocols for gene silencing, and transmission electron microscopy. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and practical, Plant Virology: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for plant pathologists, microbiologists, virologists, graduate students, and teachers who are interested in learning more about thTable of ContentsPreface…Table of Contents…Contributing Authors…1 In Vivo Detection of Double-Stranded RNA by dRBFC AssayXiaofei Cheng, Yameng Luan, and Aiming Wang2 Developing Rice Mutants using CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing TechnologyKeyan Xu and Yi Li3 Microscale Thermophoresis Assay: A Powerful Method to Quantify Protein-Nucleic Acid and Protein-Protein InteractionsYu Huang and Yi Li4 Transient Expression-Mediated Gene Silencing in Plants and Suppression of Gene Silencing with Viral Suppressors Fangfang Li and Aiming Wang5 Isolation and Transfection of Plant Mesophyll Protoplasts for Virology Research Zhaoji Dai and Aiming Wang6 Split-Luciferase Complementation for Analysis of Virus-Host Protein InteractionsYan Liang and Zhenghe Li7 Monitoring Virus Intercellular Movement from Primary Infected Cells to Neighboring Cells in Plants Zhaoji Dai and Aiming Wang 8 Simultaneous Determination and Subcellular Localization of Protein-Protein Interactions in Plant Cells using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation Assay Ziwei Tang, Mark A. Bernards, and Aiming Wang9 A Powerful Method for Studying Protein-Protein Interactions in Plants: Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) Assay Zhihao Jiang, Meng Yang, Qing Cao, Yongliang Zhang, and Dawei Li10 Membrane and Nuclear Yeast Two-Hybrid SystemsQian Chen and Taiyun Wei11 Tag-Based Pull-Down Assay Shanwu Lyu, Changwei Zhang, Xilin Hou, and Aiming Wang12 Purification of Plasmodesmata-Enriched Fraction for Proteomic AnalysesRongrong He, Mark A. Bernards, and Aiming Wang 13 Purification and Proteomics Analysis of Phloem Tissues from Virus-Infected PlantsAaron Simkowich, Susanne E. Kohalmi, and Aiming Wang 14 Rapid and Specific Purification of Argonaute-Small RNA Complexes from Rice for Slicer Activity Shanshan Zhao and Jianguo Wu15 Silencing Specific Genes in Plants Using Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) Vectors Tao Zhou, Laihua Dong, Tong Jiang, and Zaifeng Fan 16 A Versatile Expression Platform in Insects and Cereals Based on a CytorhabdovirusJi-Hui Qiao, Qiang Gao, Ying Zang, Xiao-Dong Fang, and Xian-Bing Wang 17 Production of Virus-Free Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat by Tissue Culture TechniquesKeru Yan, Xuejie Du, and Bizeng Mao18 Long-Term Preservation of Plant Viruses in Cryopreserved Shoot TipsMin-Rui Wang, Tianxing Pang, Ziqian Lian, Qiao-Chun Wang, and Liying Sun 19 Establishment of White-Backed Planthopper Cell Lines Hongyan Chen, Wei Wu, and Taiyun Wei20 Biolistic Inoculation of Fruit Tress with Full-Length Infectious cDNA Clones of RNA Viruses Yinzi Li and Aiming Wang21 Purification of Total RNAs and Small RNAs from Fruit Tree Leaf TissuesYuxin Ma and Shifang Li22 Diagnosis of Viral Diseases Using Deep Sequencing and Metagenomics AnalysesAli Raza and Qingfa Wu23 Immunocapture-Reverse Transcriptase Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Detection of Plant RNA VirusesSubhas Hajeri and Raymond Yokomi24 Detection of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) Infection in Plants using DAS-ELISA and Dot-ELISA Shibo Gao and Jianxiang Wu 25 Tube Capture (TC) RT-PCR and Multiplex RT-PCR for Diagnosis and Characterization of Viruses in Fruit Trees Liping Wang26 Detection of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) in Cucurbitaceous Crop Seeds by RT-PCRYi Xie and Jianxiang Wu27 RNA In Situ Hybridization of Detecting Cucumber Mosaic Virus in Shoots of Nicotiana benthamiana Plants Jing-Ze Zou, De-Shui Liu, Xin Tong, Xiao-Peng Zhang, and Xian-Bing Wang28 Transmission Electron Microscopic Methods for Plant Virology Li Xie and Jian Hong Subject Index List…
£179.99
Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Plasmodesmata
Book SynopsisThis fully updated book aims to facilitate the study of the nanochannels that connect plant cells, known as plasmodesmata, and to instigate new research that will further advance our knowledge of these structures. Beginning with the general structural composition and regulation of plasmodesmata as well as their role in plant development and disease, the volume continues with chapters exploring plasmodesmata architectures and distribution in cell interfaces, approaches to dissect plasmodesmata composition, protocols to quantify changes in plasmodesmata permeability using fluorescent tracers and mobile proteins, as well as a section with protocols that contribute to plasmodesmata research but fall outside the previous classifications. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooTable of ContentsPart I: Overview Articles 1. Plasmodesmata Structural Components and Their Role in Signaling and Plant Development Philip Kirk and Yoselin Benitez-Alfonso 2. Function of Plasmodesmata in the Interaction of Plants with Microbes and Viruses Caiping Huang and Manfred Heinlein Part II: Structure and Distribution of Plasmodesmata 3. Plasmodesmata Ultrastructure Determination Using Electron Tomography Jules D. Petit, Marie Glavier, Lysiane Brocard, and Emmanuelle Bayer 4. Ultrastructural Analysis and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Plasmodesmata Kamila Godel-Jędrychowska, Tilman Franke, and Ewa Kurczyńska 5. Serial Block Electron Microscopy to Study Plasmodesmata in the Vasculature of Arabidopsis thaliana Roots Andrea Paterlini and Ilya Belevich 6. Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscopy for Investigating Plasmodesmal Densities Brandon C. Reagan, John R. Dunlap, and Tessa M. Burch-Smith 7. Measuring Plasmodesmata Density on Cell Interfaces of Monocot Leaves Using 3D Immunolocalization and Scanning Electron Microscopy Florence R. Danila 8. Super-Resolution Imaging of Plasmodesmata Using 3D-Structured Illumination Microscopy Kirsten Knox Part III: Compositional Analysis of Plasmodesmata 9. In Vivo Aniline Blue Staining and Semi-Automated Quantification of Callose Deposition at Plasmodesmata Caiping Huang, Jerôme Mutterer, and Manfred Heinlein 10. Immunofluorescence Detection of Callose in Plant Tissue Sections Sam Amsbury and Yoselin Benitez-Alfonso 11. Callose Detection and Quantification at Plasmodesmata in Bryophytes Arthur Muller, Tomomichi Fujita, and Yoan Coudert 12. Isolation of Plasmodesmata Membranes for Lipidomic and Proteomic Analysis Laetitia Fouillen, Stéphane Claverol, Emmanuelle M.F. Bayer, and Magali S. Grison 13. Methods for Detection of Protein Interactions with Plasmodesmata-Localized Reticulons Verena Kriechbaumer and Stanley W. Botchway 14. Studying Protein-Protein Interactions at Plasmodesmata by Measuring Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Patrick Blümke, Vicky Howe, and Rüdiger Simon 15. Quantifying the Organization and Dynamics of the Plant Plasma-Membrane across Scales Using Light Microscopy Joseph F. McKenna 16. Using Steady-State Fluorescence Anisotropy to Study Protein Clustering Ajeet Chaudhary and Kay Schneitz Part IV: Functional Analysis of Plasmodesmata 17. Quantification of Cell-to-Cell Connectivity Using Particle Bombardment Estee E. Tee, Sebastian Samwald, and Christine Faulkner 18. Investigating Plasmodesmata Function in Arabidopsis thaliana Using a Low-Pressure Bombardment System and GFP Movement Assay Jessica C. Fernandez and Tessa M. Burch-Smith 19. Quantifying Plasmodesmatal Transport with an Improved GFP Movement Assay Wilson Horner and Jacob O. Brunkard 20. An Arabidopsis Callus Grafting Method to Test Cell-to-Cell Mobility of Proteins Frank Machin, Yağmur Hasbioğlu, and Friedrich Kragler 21. Quantification of Plasmodesmata Permeability in Arabidopsis Leaves by Tracing the Movement of GFP Min Diao and Shanjin Huang 22. Tracking Intercellular Movement of Fluorescent Proteins in Bryophytes Takumi Tomoi, Yoan Coudert, and Tomomichi Fujita 23. Virus Genome-Based Reporter for Analyzing Viral Movement Proteins and Plasmodesmata Permeability Ekaterina A. Lazareva, Anastasia K. Atabekova, Alexander A. Lezzhov, Sergey Y. Morozov, Manfred Heinlein, and Andrey G. Solovyev 24. Analysis of the Distribution of Symplasmic Tracers during Zygotic and Somatic Embryogenesis Justyna Wróbel-Marek, Kamila Godel-Jędrychowska, and Ewa Kurczyńska 25. Quantifying Intercellular Movement and Protein Stoichiometry for Computational Modeling Lisa Van den Broeck, Mariah Gobble, and Rosangela Sozzani 26. Spatiotemporal Specific Blocking of Plasmodesmata by Callose Induction Dawei Yan 27. A Forward Genetic Approach to Identify Plasmodesmal Trafficking Regulators Based on Trichome Rescue Munenori Kitagawa and David Jackson Part V: Other Approaches Contributing to Plasmodesmata Research 28. In Vivo Visualization of Mobile mRNA Particles in Plants Using BglG Eduardo J. Peña and Manfred Heinlein 29. Multi-Angle In Vivo Imaging of the Arabidopsis thaliana Shoot Apical Meristem (SAM) Michael Fuchs and Jan U. Lohmann 30. More Insights from Ultrastructural and Functional Plasmodesmata Data Using PDinsight Eva E. Deinum 31. Measuring Intercellular Interface Area in Plant Tissues Using Quantitative 3D Image Analysis Gwendolyn V. Davis, Richard S. Smith, and George W. Bassel
£170.99
Humana Detection of Plant Viruses
Book SynopsisIntroduction.- Identification Of Plant Viruses Based On Symptoms.- Mechanical Inoculation Of Plant Viruses.- Transmission Of Plant Virus By Grafting.- Isolation And Identification Of Virus Strains.- Determination Of Dilution End Point Of Viruses.- Thermal Inactivation Of Plant Viruses.- Bioassays Of Plant Viruses.- Direct Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (Elisa) For Detection Of Plant Viruses.- Direct Antigen Coated (Dac) Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (Elisa) For Detection Of Plant Viruses.- Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (Elisa) For Detection Of Plant Viruses.- Electron Microscopy For Plant Viral Detection.- Extraction Of High-Quality Genomic Dna From Plants Using Modified Ctab-Based Method.- Extraction Of High-Quality Genomic Rna Using Modified Trizol Methods.- Extraction Of High-Quality Genomic Rna Using Modified Ctab Method.- Extraction Of High-Quality Genomic RNA Using Modified Kit Method.- Gel Electrophoresis For Visualisation Of Nucle
£170.99
Springer Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables Diagnosis and Management Volume II Edited by Samh Naqvi published on January 2004
Book SynopsisAvocado Diseases of Major Importance Worldwide and their Management.- Diseases of Banana and their Management.- Management of Grape Diseases in Arid Climates.- Guava Diseases their Symptoms, Causes and Management.- Lettuce Diseases and their Management.- Management of Diseases of Onions and Garlic.- Papaya Diseases and Integrated Control.- Virus and Phytoplasma Diseases of Passion Fruit.- Pea Diseases and their Management.- Diseases of Pepper and their Management.- Potato Viruses and their Management.- Strawberry Disease Management.- Stone Fruit Diseases and their Management.- Biologically-Based Alternatives to Synthetic Fungicides for the Control of Postharvest diseases of Fruit and Vegetables.- Mycorrhiza in Management of Fruits and Vegetables Diseases.- Diseases of Minor Tropical and Sub-tropical Fruits and their Management.Table of ContentsAvocado Diseases of Major Importance Worldwide and their Management.- Diseases of Banana and their Management.- Management of Grape Diseases in Arid Climates.- Guava Diseases — their Symptoms, Causes and Management.- Lettuce Diseases and their Management.- Management of Diseases of Onions and Garlic.- Papaya Diseases and Integrated Control.- Virus and Phytoplasma Diseases of Passion Fruit.- Pea Diseases and their Management.- Diseases of Pepper and their Management.- Potato Viruses and their Management.- Strawberry Disease Management.- Stone Fruit Diseases and their Management.- Biologically-Based Alternatives to Synthetic Fungicides for the Control of Postharvest diseases of Fruit and Vegetables.- Mycorrhiza in Management of Fruits and Vegetables Diseases.- Diseases of Minor Tropical and Sub-tropical Fruits and their Management.
£224.99
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Plant Nutritional Genomics
Book SynopsisA 'textbook' plant typically comprises about 85% water and 13. 5% carbohydrates. The remaining fraction contains at least 14 mineral elements, without which plants would be unable to complete their life cycles. Understanding plant nutrition and applying this knowledge to practical use is important for several reasons.Trade ReviewThe book is divided into 13 chapters covering three distinct topics: the molecular physiology of individual nutrients, methods for studying plant nutritional genomics, and applications of the knowledge gained. "This is a really good book that should be part of the personal library of all those working in plant nutrition. It should also be consulted by those who want to keep abreast of recent developments or use it as a basis for an initial but integrated introduction to the molecular physiology of nutrient acquisition and assimilation and how this knowledge can potentially be exploited. It will also be useful to those preparing advanced undergraduate or graduate-level lecture courses in plant nutrition." Roger A Leigh - Annals of BotanyTable of Contents1. Nitrogen. Françoise Daniel-Vedele and Sylvain Chaillou, Plant Nitrogen Nutrition Unit, INRA Versailles, Frances. 2. Potassium. Sabine Zimmermann and Isabelle Chérel, INRA - Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Montpellier, France. 3. Calcium. Philip J. White, Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick, UK. 4. Sulphur. Malcolm J. Hawkesford, Agriculture and the Environment Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK. 5. Phosphorus. Kashchandra G. Raghothama, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. 6. Sodium. Huazhong Shi, Ray A. Bressan, Paul M. Hasegawa and Jian-Kang Zhu, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. 7. Mapping links between the genome and ionome in plants. Brett Lahner and David E. Salt, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architechture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. 8. Transcriptional profiling of membrane transporters. Frans J.M. Maathuis, Department of Biology, University of York, UK and Anna Amtmann, Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, UK. 9. Exploring natural genetic variation to improve plant nutrient content. Dick Vreugdenhil , Mark G.M. Aarts and Maarten Koornneef, Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, The Netherlands. 10. Mapping nutritional traits in crop plants. Matthias Wissuwa, International Rice Research Institute, Manila, The Philippines. 11. Sustainable crop nutrition: constraints and opportunities. R. Ford Denison and E. Toby Kiers, Agronomy & Range Science Department, University of California, Davis, USA. 12. Methods to improve the crop-delivery of minerals to humans and livestock. Michael A. Grusak, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA and Ismail Cakmak, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey. 13. Using plants to manage sites contaminated with heavy metals. Steven N. Whiting, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Australia, Roger D. Reeves, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand, David Richards, Rio Tinto Plc, London, UK et al.. References. Index
£235.76
Arcadia Publishing (SC) Hollis
£18.01
Springer Us The Superfamily of rasRelated Genes 220 Nato Science Series A
Book SynopsisProceedings of a NATO ARW held in Aghia Pelagia, Crete, Greece, May 17-21, 1991Table of ContentsTime Resolved Biochemical Studies of ras Proteins by Fluorescence Measurements on Tryptophan Mutants; B. Antonny, et al. The Ypt Gene Family of Schizosaccharomyces Pombe; J. Armstrong, et al. Rearrangement of the Human mel Gene, the ras 8 Homologue, in Human Malignant Melanomas; R.A. Padua, et al. Ras and Rap1 GTPases Mutated at Position 64; M.S.A. Nur-E-Kamel, H. Maruta. Suppression of the Phenotype of T24 Hras1 Transformed Cells; D.A. Spandidos. Detection of Nras Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia; A.V. Todd, et al. Prognostic Implications of ras Oncogene Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma; J. Field. Biological Function of Aplysia Californica Rho Gene; R.P. Ballestero, et al. Localization of RAB Proteins; P. Chavrier, et al. Oncogene Expression and Cervical Cancer; R.P. Symonds, et al. Twentyfour additional articles. Index.
£42.74
University of Tennessee Press Guide To The Trees Shrubs & Woody Vines
Book SynopsisTennessee is home to more than four hundred species of woody plants, but until now there has been no comprehensive guide to them. This work fills that gap, as B. Eugene Wofford and Edward W. Chester provide identification keys to all native and naturalized species of trees, shrubs, and woody vines found in the state. The book is organized by plant types, which are divided into gymnosperms and angiosperms. For each species treated, the authors include both scientific and common names, a brief description, information on flowering and fruiting seasons, and distribution patterns. Photographs illustrate more than ninety five percent of species, and the text is fully indexed by families and genera, scientific names, and common names. A glossary is keyed to photographs in the text to illustrate definitions. In their introduction, Wofford and Chester provide an overview of the Tennessee flora and their characteristics, outline Tennessee's physiographic regions, and survey the history of botanical research in the state. The authors also address the historical and environmental influences on plant distribution and describe comparative diversity of taxa within the regions.Guide to Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of Tennessee will be a valuable resource and identification guide for professional and lay readers alike, including students, botanists, foresters, gardeners, environmentalists, and conservationists interested in the flora of Tennessee. The Authors: B. Eugene Wofford is director of the herbarium at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. He is the author of numerous articles and books, including Guide to the Vascular Plants of the Blue Ridge. Edward W. Chester is professor of biology at Austin Peay State University. His articles on subjects ranging from taxonomy to plant systematics have appeared in Journal of the Southern Appalachian Botanical Society, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Wetlands, and many other publications.
£24.71
CABI AIenhanced Plant Omics
Book SynopsisThis book presents methods for the application or integration of AI tools (including machine learning, deep learning, and generative AI) with plant omics approaches (including functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, and other omics systems) and proposes AI-based strategies for crops resistant to diverse biotic and abiotic stressors and even complicated or multiple stress conditions.It aims to advance the construction of digital plant omics to assist future breeding for developing stress-resilient crops with high-yield and high-quality traits. The book is meant as a reference and a guide to AI technologies and is designed for students and researchers to efficiently overview these critical topics of plant science and technology and thus inspire ideas of future experiments.This book is the first to provide a comprehensive summary of AI-based strategies for constructing digital plant omics involving functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics for developing digital plant biology at single-cell and spatial resolution.The book: Presents ways to apply AI approaches for advancing plant omics Summarizes AI-enhanced plant functional genomics Includes current achievements in developing stress-resilient crops Is essential reading for researchers and graduate students of crop science using omics methodologies
£103.50
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Ethnoflora of the Soqotra Archipelago
£51.00
Little Creek Press From Wisconsin with Love
£22.99
Springer Plant Microbiome and Biological Control
Book SynopsisChapter 1. Beneficial Microbes in Plant Health, Immunity and Resistance.- Chapter 2. Understanding Plant Immunity Through Plant-Microbe Interaction.- Chapter 3. Plant-Microbe Interactions, Signalling Events, And Cellular Networks Against Harmful Pathogens.- Chapter 4. Building Resilience: Engineering the Plant Microbiome for Biotic Stress Management.- Chapter 5. Rhizosphere microbiome and plant tolerance against biotic agents.- Chapter 6. Rhizospheric Microbiome: Biodiversity, Significance, and Prospects for Biotechnological Advancements.- Chapter 7. Rhizobiome Microbials in the Protection of Plants From Biotic Stress.- Chapter 8. Harnessing Rhizosphere Mycobiome for Sustainable Agriculture: Perspectives and Prospects.- Chapter 9. Boosting Plant Immunity: The Functional Role and Mechanism of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Resistance.- Chapter 10. Phytostimulation and Systemic Resistance Induction by Plant Growth Promoting Fungi (PGPF).- Chapter 11. Functional Role and Mechanism of PGPRs, AMFs and Endophytes in Improving Host Resistance Against Plant Pathogens.- Chapter 12. Bacterial Secondary Metabolites (B-SMs): Empowering Agriculture Against Fungal Disease Challenges.- Chapter 13. Fungal Plant Bio-stimulants: Cutting-edge Bioinoculants for Sustainable Agriculture.- Chapter 14. Fungi as Biocontrol Agents Against Insect and Mite Pests.- Chapter 15. Pathogenic algae in host microbiota: invasion mechanism and management strategies.- Chapter 16. Disease Resistance in Mycorrhiza-Colonised Vegetable Crop: Understanding and Opportunity.- Chapter 17. Optimizing Post-Harvest Disease Management through Plant Microbiome Intervention Strategies.- Chapter 18. Exploring the Role of Plant Microbiome in Post-Harvest Disease Management of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.).- Chapter 19. Counteracting Post-Harvest Diseases through Horticultural Plants Microbiome.-Chapter 20. Management of Mycotoxin Problems: Prospects and Limitations.- Chapter 21. Genetic Basis Providing Crop Plants Resistance to Phytopathogens.- Chapter 22. Small RNAs Game Changers of Plant Defense System Against Bacteria.- Chapter 23. Deciphering the rhizosphere microbiome through metagenomics.- Chapter 24. Harnessing the Power of Phytomicrobiome Interaction Involving Multi-Omics Techniques to Control Biotic Stresses.
£170.99
Springer Ethnobiology and Development in Asia
Book SynopsisConnecting Lamtang with Lucknow-Lahore and Lhasa through the Cherry Lens.- The Culinary Uses and Commercialization of Rhododendron Flowers in the Food Cultural Landscape of Sino-Himalayan Region and its Environs.- The Power of Local healers and Their Traditional Knowledge of Medicinal Plants: A Case Study from Kachin State, Myanmar.- Maneuvering zutho, a Traditional Fermented Rice Beer of Nagaland, India.- Bio-resources and Conservation Strategies in the Sikkim Himalaya: Past and Present.- Ethnobotanical Knowledge of the Tamang Community in Central Nepal.- Mountain Oases, Farmland Weeds, Traditional Practices, and Livelihoods in Xizang Autonomous Region, China.- Unveiling the Traditional Wisdom of the Cholistan Desert Plants: Desert Healers of Pakistan.- Ethnobotanical Wisdom: Exploring Indigenous Plant Resources of Thal Desert of Pakistan.- An Ethnobotanical Study of Plants Used by Nomadic People in Central Mongolia.- Ethnobotanical Knowledge and Ecological Wisdom in Honghe Hani Rice Terrace System, Southwest China.- Medicinal Plants Used for Postpartum Care by Kayin Ethnic People: A Case Study of Knowledge Erosion for Medicinal Plants in Myanmar.- Exploring Local Knowledge on Using Figs: A Case Study among the Pa-O People of Myanmar.- Health Practices and Traditional uses of Betel (Piper betle L.) in Myanmar.- Bridging Cultures Through Blossoms: The Role of Edible Flowers in Thailand’s Ethnobiology.- Chiang Mai Local Plants and Gastronomy: A Symbiotic Relationship.- Ethnic People in Border Areas and Their Traditional Plant Use Knowledge.- Vanishing Treasures: Examining the Decline of Scleria poiformis in Northeastern Thailand.- Indigenous knowledge on plant of Van Kieu ethnic group, Quang Tri province, Vietnam.- Vegetable diversity and nutritional value of some local useful plants of Mnong and Ede Ethnic, Dak Lak province, Vietnam.- An Investigation on the Age-old Therapeutics Practiced by the Muthuvan Tribe of Malappuram District, Kerala, India.- Exploring The Phytochemical Composition and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Traditional Herbal Formulation from Muthappan Kavu, Kodangad, Kondotty, Malappuram District, Kerala, India.- Ethnobotanical Studies on Kattunaickan Tribes of Janakikkadu, Kozhikode District, Kerala, India.- Ethnomedicinal Review Study on the Tribes of Wayanad District, Kerala State, India.- Ethnomedicinal Plant Utilization by the Irular Tribe in Attappady, Palakkad District, Kerala, India: A Comprehensive Checklist.- An Ethnobiological Approach for Safeguarding Biodiversity in Palakkad District, Kerala, India.- An Ethnobotanical Exploration of Oil Yielding Medicinal Plants from Chitteri Hills, the Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India.- Development of Ethnobotanical Studies in Indonesia.- Ethnobotany of Traditional Cosmetics in Indonesia.- Unlocking the Potential of Underutilized Fruit Species in Indonesia: Prospects, Challenges, and Conservation Strategies.- Exploring the Botanical Diversity, Cultural Significance, and Conservation of Fruit Plants in Kalimantan.- Traditional Home Remedies of the Karo Ethnic Community: An Ethnobotanical Insight within the Belt and Road Initiative.- Food of Eyebrow: Local Knowledge and Mechanism of Hair Growth Promotion of Isatis tinctoria L. along the Silk Road.- The Potential Distribution and Plant Community Structure of Tea Forests in Guizhou, China.- How a Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine ‘Goji’ Enters the Global Market and Its Benefits for Local Community Development.- Research of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. (Black Goji Berry): Distribution, Economic-ecological interactions, Medicinal Applications and Cultivation.- The Ecology, Cultural and Economic Values of the Prized Matsutake Mushroom in Japan.- Local Collectors’ Economic Dependence and Management Practices of the Prized Matsutake Mushroom in China.- New Trends in the Consumption and Trade of the Prized Matsutake Mushroom in China.- Java Kapok: Pioneering a New Ecological Sphere for the Belt and Road Cotton Industry.- Medicinal Plant Wealth of Northeastern India: Diversity, Conservation, Trade and Bioprospection for Sustainable Livelihoods.- The Belt and Road with Access and Benefit-Sharing: Theory, Practice, and Potential.- Conservation and livelihood through medicinal plants: a case study from Naxi Communities in Ludian of Yulong County, Northwest Yunnan, China.- Empowering Sustainable Livelihoods and Ethno-ecological Conservation in Nepal's Karnali Region.- Community-based Conservation with Partnership of Ethnobotanical Researchers: A Sustainable Exploration of Piper magen.- Cultural Forest Restoration in a Rubber Plantation Context: A Case study of an Akha Village in Xishuangbanna, China.- Community-based Actions for Climate Change Adaptation: Case study from a Bulang Village in Xishuangbanna, China.- Integrating Ethnobotany and Ecotourism in Chiang Mai, Thailand––A Case Study of Tinniyom Group.- Embracing Daily Dose of Nature: The Shanghai Habitat Garden Network.
£224.99
£34.57
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Cell Components
Book SynopsisModern Methods of Plant Analysis When the handbook Modern Methods of Plant Analysis was first introduced in 1954 the considerations were 1. the dependence of scientific progress in biology on the improvement of existing and the introduction of new methods; 2. the inavailability of many new analytical methods concealed in specialized journals not normally accessible to experimental plant biologists; 3. the fact that in the methods sections of papers the description of methods is frequently so compact, or even sometimes so incomplete, that experiments are difficult to reproduce. These considerations still stand today. The series was highly successful, seven volumes appearing between 1956 and 1964. Since today there is still a demand for the old series, the publisher has decided to resume publication of Modern Methods of Plant Analysis. It is hoped that the New Series will be as acceptable to those working in plant sciences and related fields as the early volumes undoubtedly were. It is difficult to single out the major reasons for success of any publication, but we believe that the methods published in the first series were up-to-date at the time and the descriptions as applied to plant material so complete in themselves that there was little need to consult other publications.Table of ContentsCell-Wall-Isolation, General Growth Aspects.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Isolation Procedures.- 2.1 Cell Breakage.- 2.2 Cell-Wall Recovery.- 2.3 Removal of Contaminants.- 3 Composition and Ultrastructure of Plant Cell Walls.- 3.1 Chemical Composition of Plant Cell Walls.- 3.1.1 Standard Extraction Procedures.- 3.1.2 Analysis of Polysaccharide Fractions.- 3.1.2.1 Chemical Methods.- 3.1.2.2 Physical Methods.- 3.2 Supramolecular Organization of Plant Cell Walls.- 3.2.1 Morphological Observations.- 3.2.2 Selective Staining of Polysaccharides.- 3.2.2.1 Visualization of Esterified Carboxyl Groups.- 3.2.2.2 Detection of Acidic Functions.- 3.2.2.3 Periodic Oxidation of Glycol Groups.- 3.2.3 Visualization of Lignin.- 3.2.4 Identification of Wall Components by Means of Affinity Methods.- 3.2.5 Detection and Estimation of Cations.- 3.2.6 Ultracryotomy.- 4 Properties of Plant Cell Walls.- 4.1 Exchange Properties of Plant Cell Walls.- 4.2 Enzymatic Properties.- 4.2.1 Cytochemical Investigations.- 4.2.1.1 Cell-Wall Phosphatase Activities.- 4.2.1.2 Cell-Wall Peroxidase Activities.- 4.2.2 Biochemical Investigations.- 4.2.2.1 Properties of Immobilized and Solubilized Cell-Wall Enzymes.- 4.2.2.2 Biological Functions.- 4.3 Mechanical Properties.- 5 Growth Aspects.- 5.1 Cell-Wall Loosening.- 5.1.1 Wall-Loosening-Inducing Agents.- 5.1.2 Nature of the Broken Bonds.- 5.2 Deposition of Wall Material.- 5.3 Growth Direction.- References.- Cell-Wall Chemistry, Structure and Components.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Histochemical Analysis of Cell Walls.- 2.1 Specific Stainings.- 2.2 Staining with Fluorescent Brightener.- 2.3 Anisotropy Test.- 2.4 Selective Dissolution.- 2.4.1 Alkali Treatment.- 2.4.2 Cuprammonium Solution (Schweitzer’s Reagent) Treatment.- 2.4.3 Enzymatic Digestion.- 3 Quantitative Analysis of Cell Walls.- 3.1 Plant Materials.- 3.1.1 Pure Culture.- 3.1.2 Synchronous Culture.- 3.1.3 Harvesting of Cells.- 3.2 Measurement of Cell Growth.- 3.3 Preparation and Fractionation of Cell Walls.- 3.3.1 Disruption of Cells.- 3.3.2 Separation and Purification of Cell Walls.- 3.3.3 Fractionation of Cell Walls.- 3.4 Quantitative Analysis of Whole Cell Walls.- 3.4.1 Gravimetry.- 3.4.2 Turbidimetry.- 3.4.3 Colorimetry.- 4 Qualitative Analysis of Cell-Wall Materials.- 4.1 Acid Hydrolysis.- 4.2 Enzymatic Hydrolysis.- 5 Chromatographic Analysis of Cell-Wall Constituents.- 5.1 Thin-Layer Chromatography.- 5.1.1 Neutral Sugars and Uronic Acids.- 5.1.2 Amino Acids and Amino Sugars.- 5.1.3 Thin-Layer Chromatographic Analyses of the Constituents of Chlorella Cell Walls.- 5.2 Liquid Chromatography.- 5.2.1 Amino Acids and Amino Sugars.- 5.2.2 Neutral Sugars.- References.- Protoplasts—for Compartmentation Studies.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Advantages of the Use of Protoplasts for Compartmentation Studies.- 3 Protoplast Isolation and Its Effect on Cellular Metabolism.- 3.1 Isolation Procedures.- 3.2 Effect of Isolation pH.- 3.3 Effect of Plasmolysis.- 3.4 Effect of Enzyme Contaminants.- 4 Protoplast Lysis.- 5 Protoplast Fractionation.- 5.1 Density Gradient Fractionation.- 5.2 Rapid Fractionation Procedures.- 6 Methods to Relate Protoplast Activity to That of Intact Tissue.- 7 Concluding Remarks.- References.- The Marker Concept in Cell Fractionation.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Marker Concept.- 2.1 Basic Concepts.- 2.2 Types of Marker.- 2.2.1 Morphological.- 2.2.2 Cytochemical.- 2.2.3 Biochemical.- 3 Preservation of Marker Enzyme Activity During Cell Disruption.- 3.1 Choice of Material.- 3.2 Homogenization Procedure.- 3.3 Use of Additives in the Homogenization Medium.- 3.4 Gel Filtration to Remove Soluble Hydrolytic Activity.- 4 Methods Used to Separate Markers.- 4.1 General Approaches to Cell Fractionation.- 4.2 Differential Centrifugation.- 4.2.1 Preparative vs. Analytical Cell Fractionation.- 4.2.2 Need for Quantitation.- 4.2.3 Problems with Complete Quantitation and Interpretation of Data.- 4.3 Linear Density Gradient Centrifugation.- 4.3.1 Density Gradient Material.- 4.3.2 Pelleted vs. Unpelleted Overlays.- 4.3.3 Soluble Enzyme Contamination in Gradients.- 4.3.4 Equilibrium Density Centrifugation (Isopycnic Conditions).- 4.3.5 Other Factors Which Influence Marker Enzyme Profiles Across a Gradient.- 4.3.6 Need for Quantitation and Lack of Negative Marker Activity.- 5 Concluding Remarks.- References.- Plasma Membranes.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Theory of Phase Partition.- 2.1 The Phase System.- 2.2 Partitition of Membrane Particles.- 2.3 Effects of Polymer Concentrations.- 2.4 Effects of Salts.- 2.5 Multistep Procedures.- 3 Experimentals.- 3.1 Chemicals.- 3.2 Preparation Procedure.- 4 Purity of the Preparations.- 4.1 Specific Staining.- 4.2 K+-Stimulated, Mg2+-Dependent ATPase.- 4.3 Glucan Synthetase II.- 4.4 Light-Reducible b-Cytochrome.- 4.5 Markers for Contaminants.- 5 Protein and Lipid Composition.- 6 Surface Properties of the Isolated Vesicles.- References.- Vacuoles.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Methods of Isolation.- 2.1 Isolation of Vacuoles from Meristematic Tissues.- 2.2 Isolation of Vacuoles from Mature Plant Tissue.- 2.2.1 Isolation of Mature Vacuoles from Protoplasts—Methods pre 1981.- 2.2.2 Isolation of Mature Vacuoles from Protoplasts—Methods post 1981.- 2.2.3 Isolation of Mature Vacuoles Directly from Tissue—Methods pre 1981.- 2.2.4 Isolation of Mature Vacuoles Directly from Tissue—Methods post 1981.- 2.2.5 Preparation of Lutoids from Hevea Latex.- 2.2.6 Comments on Methods for Isolating Vacuoles from Higher Plants.- 2.2.7 Isolation of Proton-Pumping Vesicles.- 2.2.8 Preparation of Vacuoles from Yeast Neurospora.- 3 Isolation of Tonoplast and Tonoplast Markers.- 4 Comments on Physiological Functions.- 5 Concluding Remarks.- References.- Protein Bodies.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Special Consideration in Isolation of Protein Bodies.- 3 Nonaqueous Preparation in Glycerol.- 4 Nonaqueous Preparation in Hexane and Carbon Tetrachloride.- 5 Aqueous Preparation in Sources Gradients.- 6 Subfractionation of Isolated Protein Bodies.- 7 Analyses.- References.- Lipid Bodies.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Ontogeny.- 3 Isolation.- 4 Markers of Lipid Bodies.- 5 Assays.- 5.1 Fluorometric Assay.- 5.2 Colorimetrie Assay.- References.- Chloroplasts as a Whole.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Considerations of Integrity and Purity.- 3 Chloroplasts from Protoplasts.- 4 The Use of Silica Sols in Density Gradient Purification of Chloroplasts.- 5 General Notes on Isolation Procedures.- 6 Specific Isolation Protocols.- 6.1 Higher Plants.- 6.1.1 C3 Plants.- 6.1.2 C4 Plants.- 6.1.3 CAM Plants.- 6.2 Algae.- 6.2.1 Volvocales.- 6.2.2 (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta)—Griffithsiamonilis.- 6.2.3 Siphonales.- 6.2.4 (Xanthophyceae) Bumilleriopsisfiliformis.- 6.2.5 (Euglenophyceae) Euglenagracilis.- 7 Additional Comments on Chloroplast Isolation.- 8 Abbreviations.- References.- Purification of Inner and Outer Chloroplast Envelope Membranes.- 1 Introduction.- 2 General Considerations.- 3 The Procedure.- 3.1 Reagents and Equipment.- 3.1.1 Solutions.- 3.1.2 Materials.- 3.2 Growth of Peas and Purification of Intact Chloroplasts.- 3.3 Purification of Inner and Outer Envelope Membranes.- 4 Properties of the Isolated Membranes.- 4.1 Purity.- 4.1.1 Cross-Contamination by Envelope Membranes.- 4.1.2 Contamination by Thylakoids.- 4.1.3 Contamination by Stroma.- 4.2 Other Properties.- 5 Modifications of the Procedure.- 5.1 Alternate Methods of Chloroplast Rupture.- 5.2 Purification Subsequent to Rupture.- 5.3 Application to Other Tissues.- 6 Other Procedures.- References.- The Major Protein of Chloroplast Stroma, Ribulosebisphosphate Carboxylase.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Characteristics of RuBP Carboxylase.- 2.1 Molecular Arrangement and Physical Structure of Subunits.- 2.2 Molecular Structure.- 2.3 Biosynthesis and Assembly of Subunits.- 2.3.1 Large Subunit.- 2.3.2 Small Subunit.- 2.3.3 Subunit Heterogeneity.- 2.3.4 Coordinate Control of Subunit Synthesis.- 2.4 Catalytic Mechanism.- 2.4.1 Activation and Role of Mg2 +.- 2.4.2 Carboxylation of RuBP.- 2.4.3 Oxygenation of RuBP.- 2.4.4 Localization of Catalytic and Activator Site.- 3 Practical Aspects.- 3.1 Purification.- 3.1.1 Summary of Techniques.- 3.1.2 Interfering Compounds.- 3.1.3 Choice of Extraction Buffer and Grinding Procedures.- 3.1.4 Protein Determination.- 3.1.5 Example: RuBP Carboxylase from Soybean Leaves.- 3.2 Assay.- 3.2.1 Substrates.- 3.2.2 Activation of RuBP Carboxylase.- 3.2.3 Continuous Spectrophotometry Assay for RuBP Carboxylase Activity.- 3.2.4 Discontinuous Assays for RuBP Carboxylase Activity.- 3.2.4.1 Radiochemical Assay with [14C]NaHCO3.- 3.2.4.2 Radiochemical Assay Using [14C]NaHCO3 and [l-3H]RuBP.- 3.2.4.3 Discontinuous Assay Using Nonlabeled Substrates.- 3.2.5 Assays for RuBP Oxygenase.- 3.2.6 Kinetic Parameters of RuBP Carboxylase and RuBP Oxygenase.- 4 Conclusion.- References.- The Chloroplast Thylakoid Membrane—Isolation, Subfractionation and Purification of Its Supramolecular Complexes.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Function and Organization of the Thylakoid Membrane.- 3 Isolation of Thylakoid Membranes.- 4 Thylakoid Membrane Subfractionation.- 4.1 Photosystem I Stroma Lamellae Thylakoids.- 4.2 Photosystem II Oxygen Evolving Thylakoid Preparations.- 4.2.1 Isolation by Press Treatment and Phase Partition.- 4.2.2 Isolation by Detergent Fractionation.- 4.2.3 Choice of Preparation.- 4.3 Separation of Inside-Out and Right-Side-Out Thylakoid Vesicles with the Same Composition.- 5 Isolation of Thylakoid Supramolecular Complexes.- 5.1 The Photosystem I Complex and the Light-Harvesting Complex of Photosystem II (LHC II).- 5.2 The Light-Harvesting Complex of Photosystem I (LHC I).- 5.3 The Inner Core Complex of Photosystem II (CC II).- 5.4 The Cytochrome b/f Complex.- 5.5 The ATP Synthase (CF0-CF1).- References.- The Isolation and Characterization of Nongreen Plastids.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Terminology of Nongreen Plastids.- 2.1 Proplastids.- 2.2 Etioplasts.- 2.3 Chromoplasts.- 2.4 Amyloplasts.- 2.5 Leucoplasts.- 2.6 Other Nongreen Plastids.- 3 Basics of Plastid Isolation and Separation.- 3.1 Experimental Design.- 3.2 Isolation Medium.- 3.3 Tissue Disruption.- 3.4 General Methods of Chloroplast Isolation.- 4 Isolation of Nongreen Plastids from Developing Ricinus Endosperm.- 4.1 Rate-Zonal Sedimentation.- 4.1.1 Protocol.- 4.1.2 Analysis.- 4.1.3 Comments.- 4.2 Isopycnic Banding on Linear Sucrose Gradients.- 4.2.1 Protocol.- 4.2.2 Comments.- 4.3 Rate-Zonal Sedimentation on Linear Sucrose-Magnesium Co-Gradients.- 4.3.1 Protocol.- 4.3.2 Comments.- 4.4 Rate-Zonal Sedimentation on Discontinuous Sucrose Gradients.- 4.4.1 Protocol.- 4.4.2 Comments.- 4.5 Rate-Zonal Sedimentation on Discontinuous Percoll Gradients.- 4.5.1 Protocol.- 4.5.2 Comments.- 4.6 Nonaqueous Methods.- 4.6.1 Isopycnic Banding on Linear Hexane-CCl Gradients.- 4.6.2 Silicon Oil Centrifuged Filtration.- 4.7 Noncentrifugal Methods.- 4.7.1 Gel Permeation.- 4.7.1.1 Materials.- 4.7.1.2 Protocol.- 4.7.1.3 Comments.- 4.7.2 Phase Partition.- 4.7.3 Unit-Gravity Sedimentation.- 5 Metabolic Capabilities of Ricinus Endosperm Plastids.- 5.1 Glycolysis, the Pentose-Phosphate Pathway and Fatty Acid Synthesis.- 5.2 The Calvin Cycle.- 5.3 Nitrogen Metabolism.- 5.4 Terpenoid Metabolism.- 6 Composition and Biochemical Properties.- 6.1 Structure.- 6.2 Protein Composition.- 6.3 Membranes.- 6.4 Nucleic Acids.- 7 Future Prospects.- References.- Mitochondria.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Preparation for DNA Analysis.- 2.1 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility and Structure ot Mitochondrial DNA.- 2.2 Isolation of Mitochondria for DNA Preparation.- 2.3 Preparation of Mitochondrial DNA.- 2.4 Electrophoresis of Mitochondrial DNA.- 2.5 Restriction Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA.- 2.6 Notes on Mitochondrial DNA Studies.- 3 Preparation of Intact Mitochondria for Oxidative Studies.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Mitochondrial Preparation and Purification.- 3.3 Tests for Integrity of Mitochondria.- 3.3.1 Succinate: Cytochrome c Reductase.- 3.4 Tests for Integrity.- 3.4.1 Measurement for Oxygen Consumption for Respiratory Control and P/O Ratios.- 3.5 Notes on the Methods.- References.- Endoplasmic Reticulum.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Structure and Organization of the ER.- 3 Interactions Between Tubular and Cisternal ER.- 3.1 Role in Protein Transport.- 3.2 Role in Cell Division.- 4 Synthesis and Degradation of ER.- 4.1 Membrane Proteins.- 4.2 Membrane Lipids.- 5 Isolation and Characterization of ER.- 5.1 Isolation Media.- 5.2 Tissue Homogenization.- 5.3 Organelle Isolation.- 5.3.1 Molecular Sieve Chromatography.- 5.3.2 Differential Centrifugation.- 5.3.3 Density Gradient Centrifugation.- 5.4 Identification of ER Membranes.- 5.4.1 Magnesium Shift.- 5.4.2 Marker Enzymes.- 5.4.3 Auxin Binding.- 5.4.4 Calcium Transport.- 5.4.5 Structural Proteins.- 5.5 Concluding Remarks.- References.- Polyribosomes.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Isolation of Polysomes from Plant Cells.- 2.1 Factors that Affect the Stability and Recovery of Polyribosomes.- 2.2 Tissue Preparation.- 2.3 Subcellular Fractionation and Polysome Isolation.- 3 Purification and Analysis of Polyribosomes.- 3.1 Sucrose Gradient Centrifugation.- 3.2 Purification of Polysomes with Discontinuous Sucrose Gradients.- 3.3 Analysis of Polyribosome Profiles.- 4 Polyribosome Extraction Buffers.- 4.1 pH.- 4.2 Potassium Chloride.- 4.3 Magnesium Chloride.- 4.4 Reducing Agents.- 4.5 Chelation of Divalent Metals.- 4.6 Proteinase K.- 4.7 Other Ribonuclease Inhibitors.- 5 Uses of Purified Polyribosomes.- 5.1 Changes in Protein Synthetic Activity.- 5.2 In Vitro Protein Synthesis.- 5.3 Purification of mRNA’s.- 5.4 Subcellular Distribution of mRNA’s.- References.- The Nucleus—Cytological Methods and Isolation for Biochemical Studies.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Structure of the Plant Nucleus and Implications for Nuclear Isolation and Staining.- 3 Cytology.- 3.1 Nuclei of Whole Cells.- 3.1.1 Feulgen Microspectrophotometric Methods.- 3.1.2 Microfluorometry DNA Determination.- 3.2 Staining Nuclei During Isolation.- 3.3 Nucleolus Staining.- 3.4 Chromosome Staining.- 3.5 Other Nuclear Stains.- 4 Isolation of Plant Nuclei—General.- 4.1 Isolation of Plant Nuclei—Methods.- 4.1.1 Nuclei from Tobacco Callus Cultures for RNA Synthesis Studies.- 4.1.2 Nuclei from Tobacco Cells in Culture—for General Purpose Studies.- 4.1.3 Nuclei from Soybean Cells—for DNA Studies.- 4.1.4 Plant-Root Nuclei—for DNA Analysis.- 5 Summary.- References.- Microtubules.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Extraction of Microtubule Proteins.- 3 Purification of Tubulin and MAP’s.- 3.1 DEAE-Sephadex Ion Exchange Chromatography.- 3.2 Phosphocellulose Chromatography.- 3.3 Affinity Chromatography.- 3.4 Cycles of Polymerisation and Depolymerisation.- 3.4.1 Pre-Conditions for Microtubule Assembly.- 3.4.2 Microtubule Assembly in the Presence or Absence of Glycerol.- 3.4.3 The Dynamics of Polymerisation and the Use of Taxol.- 3.4.4 Co-Polymerisation.- 4 Fractionation and Identification of Tubulin by SDS-PAGE.- 5 Colchicine-Binding Assay for Tubulin.- 6 Immunochemical Methods of Analysis.- 6.1 Radioimmunoassay.- 6.2 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).- 6.3 Antibody Purification of Antigen-Affinity Column.- 6.4 Western Blots.- 7 Concluding Remarks.- References.
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