Botany and plant sciences Books

Book SynopsisThis book describes how competition between plant species, and succession in plant ecosystems, operate in grasslands and grazed pastures, both natural and sown. It discusses how competition both affects botanical structure, productivity and persistence of pastures and is itself regulated by biological, environmental and management factors, such as grazing animals. The book also examines the ways in which competition and succession are analysed, evaluated and measured, and brings to the agricultural arena the considerable progress made in understanding the principles of competition from theoretical and experimental ecology.Table of Contents1: Competition and Succession in Pastures - Some Concepts and Questions, P Tow and A Lazenby 2: Measurement of Competition and Competition Effects in Pastures, N R Sackville Hamilton 3: Genotype and Environmental Adaptation as Regulators of Competitiveness, IG M O Nurjaya and P G Tow 4: Competition Between Grasses and Legumes in Established Pastures, A Davies 5: Plant Competition in Pastures - Implications for Management, D R Kemp and W McG King 6: Diversity and Stability in Humid Temperate Pastures, E A Clark 7: The Population Dynamics of Pastures, with Particular Reference to Southern Australia, E C Wolfe and B S Dear 8: Formulation of Pasture Seeds Mixtures with Reference to Competition and Succession in Pastures, W Harris 9: Effects of Large Herbivores on Competition and Succession in Natural Savanna Rangelands, C Skarpe 10: Competition and Environmental Stress in Temperate Grasslands, D A Peltzer and S D Wilson 11: Interaction of Competition and Management in Regulating Composition and Sustainability of Native Pasture, D L Garden and T P Bolger 12: Global Climate Change Effects on Competition and Succession in Pastures, B D Campbell and D Y Hunt 13: Competition and Succession in Re-created Botanically Diverse Grassland Communities, R Chapman 14: Implications of Competition Between Plant Species for the Sustainability and Profitability of a Virtual Farm Using a Pasture-Wheat Rotation, B R Trenbath 15: Some Concluding Comments, A Lazenby and P G Tow 16: Index

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Book SynopsisIt is a widely held belief that a climax vegetation of closed forest systems covered the lowlands of Central and Western Europe before humans intervened in prehistoric times to develop agriculture. If this intervention had not taken place, it would still be there and so if left, the grassland vegetation and fields we see today would revert to its natural closed forest state, although with a reduced number of wild species. This book challenges this view, using examples from history, pollen analyses and studies on the ecology of tree and shrub species such as oak and hazel. It tests the hypotheses that the climax vegetation is a closed canopy forest against the alternative one in which species composition and succession of vegetation were governed by herbivores and that the Central and Western European lowlands were covered by a park-like landscape consisting of grasslands, scrub, solitary trees and groves bordered by a mantle and fringe vegetation. Comparative information from North AmeTable of Contents1: General introduction and formulation of the problem 2: Succession, the climax forest and the role of large herbivores 3: Palynology, the forest as climax in prehistoric times and the effects of humans 4: The use of the wilderness from the Middle Ages to 1900 5: Spontaneous succession in forest reserves in the lowlands of Western and Central Europe 6: Establishment of trees and shrubs in relation to light and grazing 7: Final synthesis and conclusions

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Book SynopsisDeveloped from papers presented at the 2nd International Symposium on Plant Dormancy held in Angers in July 1999, this books contains up to date research on this fascinating but little written about subject. It covers topics including whole plant and organ physiology, water relations and stress, abscisic acid and hormonal control, biochemical and cellular aspects and genetics and molecular biology.Table of ContentsPart I: Whole Plant and Organ Physiology 1: Growth Cycle and Dormancy in Plants, H Okubo 2: Bud Dormancy, a Suggestion for the Control Mechanism and its Evolution, A Erez 3: The Distinct Controlling of Dormancy Release and Germination Commencement in Seeds, N V Obroucheva and O V Antipova 4: Sugar Metabolism in Apple Embryos, S Lewak, et al. 5: Population Responses to Temperature for Loss and Induction of Seed Dormancy and Consequences for Predictive Empirical Modelling, A J Murdoch, et al. 6: Pre-Treatment at Controlled Seed Moisture Content as an Effective Means to Break Dormancy in Tree Seeds, M P M Derkx Part II: Water Relations and Stress 7: Organismic and Environmental Controls of Bud Growth in Tropical Trees, R Borchert 8: Water Relations in Winter: Influence on Budbreak of Walnut Tree, T Ameglio, et al. 9: Morphological Structure and Water Status in Tulip Bulbs during their Transition from Dormancy to Active Growth: Visualization by Magnetic Resonance Imaging, R Kamentetsky, et al. 10: Seed Dormancy as One of the Survival Strategies in Annual Plant Species Occurring In Deserts, Y Gutterman 11: Seasonally-Regulated Proteins in Peach (Prunus persica): What are They and What Do They Do? M Wisniewski and R Arora Part III: Abscisic Acid and Hormonal Control 12: Aspects of ABA and Fusicoccin Signal Transduction in Barley Grains: 12.I: Effect of Fusicoccin on ABA-induced Gene Expression in Embryo and Aleurone; 12.II: Spatial and Temporal Expression of 14-3-3 Proteins in Dormant Embryos, B Testerink, R M van der Meulen and M Wang 13: Dormancy of Cereal Seeds as Related to Embryo Sensitivity to ABA and Water Potential, F Corbineau and D Come 14: Abscisic Acid Control of Seed Dormancy Expression in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and Arabidopsis thaliana, M Julien, et al. 15: The Role of Endogenous Hormones in Potato Tuber Dormancy, J C Suttle 16: Role of ABA, Gibberellins and Auxin in Dormancy and Dormancy Release of Tulip Bulbs, M Saniewski, et al. Part IV: Biochemical and Cellular Aspects 17: ATP, ADP and NTP Contents in Vegetative and Floral Peach Buds During Winter: Are They Useful for Characterizing the Type of Dormancy, M Bonhomme, et al. 18: Alcohols that Break Seed Dormancy: the Anesthetic Hypothesis, Dead or Alive? M A Cohn and H Hilhorst 19: Are Cellular Membranes Involved in the Control of Seed Dormancy? H Hilhorst and M A Cohn 20: Intercellular Communication Channels and Intracellular Calcium Levels Involved in Dormancy Development of Poplar (Populus deltoides) Plants, L-C Jian, et al. 21: The Developmental Basis of Bud Dormancy in 1-year-old Picea and Pseudotsuga Seedlings, J E MacDonald Part V: Genetics and Molecular Biology 22: Molecular Genetic Analysis of Bud Dormancy Related Traits in Populus, T H H Chen, et al. 23: Regulation of Growth and Dormancy in Pea Axillary Buds, J P Stafstrom 24: Expression of Endo-ß-Mannanase and S.N.F-Related Protein Kinase Genes in True Potato Seeds in Relation to Dormancy, Gibberellin and Abscisic Acid, V Alvarado, et al. 25: The Genetics of Seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana, M Koornneef, et al.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses the ecophysiology of grasslands and the ecological aspects of grazingTable of Contents1: Sustainability of grazing systems: goals, concepts and methods, Part I: Environmental constraints and plant responses to defoliation 2: Effects of nitrogen and water supply on N and C fluxes and partitioning in defoliated swards, 3: An integrated view of C and N uses in leaf growth zones of defoliated grasses, 4: Effects of grazing on the roots and rhizosphere of grasses, 5: Reserve formation and recycling of carbon and nitrogen during regrowth of defoliated plants, Part II: Morphogenesis of pasture species and adaptation to defoliation 6: Shoot morphological plasticity of grasses: leaf growth vs. tillering, 7: Tiller dynamics of grazed swards, 8: Effect of nitrogen on some morphogenetical traits of temperate and tropical perennial forage grasses, 9: Modelling the dynamics of temperate grasses and legumes in cut mixtures, Part III: Plant-Animal interactions 10: Plant-animal interactions in complex plant communities: from mechanism to modelling, 11: Modeling spatial aspects of plant-animal interactions, 12: Defoliation patterns and herbage intake on pastures, 13: Selective grazing on grass-legume mixtures in tropical pastures, Part IV: Sustainable grazing management of natural pastures 14: Leaf tissue turnover and efficiency of herbage utilization, 15: Dynamics of heterogeneity in a grazed sward, 16: Soil-plant-animal interactions and impact on nitrogen and phosphorus cycling and re-cycling in grazed pasture, 17: Sustainable management of pasture and rangelands, Part V: Problems of Animal Production Related to Pastures in Subtropical and Temperate Regions of South America 18: Campos in Southern Brazil, 19: Campos in Uruguay, 20: Argentina’s Humid Pampa,

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Book SynopsisThis essential handbook for advanced student and practising plant pathologists has been thoroughly reorganised and updated since publication of the second edition in 1983. New features include the rearrangement of topics to facilitate use, and 44 short succinct chapters, each providing valuable and practical information. There are several new chapter topics and five overall sections covering disease recognition and evaluation, causation, diagnosis and investigation as well as disease management and general techniques and information.Table of ContentsPart 1: Recognition and Evaluation of Plant Diseases 1: Landmarks in Plant Pathology 2: Some Major Plant Diseases 3: Survey and Sampling 4: Disease and Yield Loss Assessment 5: Postharvest Diseases 6: General Bibliography of Plant Pathology 7: Bibliography of Crop and Plant Diseases 8: Collection and Dispatch of Plant Material Part 2: Causes of Plant Diseases 9: Fungi as Plant Pathogens 10: Bacteria and Plant Disease 11: Virus Diseases 12: Phytoplasmas as Plant Pathogens 13: Plant Parasitic Nematodes 14: Insects and Other Arthropod Pests 15: Weeds 16: Parasitic Higher Plants 17: Non-infectious Disorders 18: Air Pollution Effects and Injury 19: Effects of Climate Change Part 3: Disease Diagnosis and Investigation 20: Detection and Isolation of Fungal and Bacterial Pathogens 21: Microscopy 22: Immunological Techniques 23: Biochemical and Molecular Techniques 24: Inoculation 25: Epidemic Modelling and Disease Forecasting 26: Design of Experiments Part 4: Disease Management 27: Plant Health and Quarantine 28: Regional and Country Lists of Plant Diseases 29: Seed Health 30: Cultural Control 31: Disease Resistance 32: Fungicides 33: The Application of Chemicals for Plant Disease Control 34: Biological Control of Fungal Plant Pathogens 35: Plant Pathogens for Biological Control of Weeds Part 5: General Techniques and Information 36: Safety in the Laboratory 37: Culturing, Preservation and Maintenance of Fungi 38: Mycological Media and Methods 39: Photography 40: Standards and Measurement 41: Publication 42: Electronic Databases and Information Technology in Plant Pathology 43: Glossary 44: Useful Addresses

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Book SynopsisBased on a similarly named meeting in December 1999 organised by the British Society for Plant Pathology, this book considers the biology of interactions between host plants and the pathogens that infect them. This important topic has seen some significant advances in the past ten years, especially through the application of molecular techniques, which are extensively covered in this book.Table of Contents1: Biotic interactions and plant disease 2: Functional consequences and maintenance of vegetative incompatibility in fungal populations,R F Hoekstra, Laboratory of genetics, Wageningen University, The Netherlands 3: Fungal endophytes and nematodes of agricultural and amenity grasses, R Cook, Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Aberystwyth, Wales and G C Lewis, Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Okehampton, Devon, UK 4: Feeding on plant-pathogenic fungi by invertebrates: a comparison to saprotropic and mycorrhizal systems, T P McGonicle and M Hyakumachi, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University Japan 5: Plant interactions with endophytic bacteria, J Hallmann, Institut for Plant Diseases, University of Bonn, Germany 6: Are chitinolytic rhizospere bacteria really beneficial to plants?, W.de Boer and J A van Veen, Netherlands Institute of Ecology 7: Cross-protection: Interactions between strains exploited to control plant virus diseases, H Lecoq, INRA, Domaine Saint Maurice, France and B Raccah, ARO, The Volcani Center, Israel 8: Plant-pathogen-herbivore interactions and their effects on weeds, P E Hatcher, Department of Botany, University of Reading, UK and N D Paul, Division of Biology, Lancaster University, UK 9: The role of hyperparasites in the host plant-parasitic fungus relationship, L Kiss, Plant Protection Institute, Budapest, Hungary 10: Mutualism and antagonism: ecological interactions among bark beetles, mites and fungi, K D Klepzig, et al. USDA Forest Service, Louisiana, USA 11: The implications for plant health of nematode-fungal interactions in the root zone, R J Hillocks, NRI University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK 12: The interactions of plants, soil pathogens, and their antagonists in natural ecosystems, W H Van der Putten, Netherlands Institute of Ecology 13: Observation and theory of whitefly-borne virus epidemics, J Holt and J Colvin, Natural Resources Institute, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK

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Book SynopsisPlant genotyping, or DNA fingerprinting of plants, is a technology that has matured and is poised for widespread practical application in the fields of breeding, commerce and research. This book examines the technologies available and their application in the analysis of:Wild plant populationsGermplasm collections Plant breedingContributors include leading research workers in this field from North America, Europe and Australasia.Table of Contents1: Molecular markers available for use in plant genotyping 2: Plant genotyping by analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms, K J Edwards and R Mogg, University of Bristol, UK 3: Plant genotyping by analysis of microsatellites T A Holton, Southern Cross University, Australia 4: Plant genotyping using arbitrarily amplified DNA, G Caetano-Anollés, University of Oslo, Norway 5: Plant genotyping based upon analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms using microarrays, B Lemieux, University ofDelaware, USAGenotyping plant genetic resource collections 6: Genotyping in plant genetic resources, B V Ford-Lloyd, University of Birmingham, UK 7: Applications of molecular marker techniques to the use of international germplasm collections, M Warburton and D Hoisington, Applied Biotechnology Center, CIMMYT, México Genotyping cultivated and wild germplasm 8: Molecular analysis of wild plant germplasm: the case of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), L S Lee, M Rossetto, L Homer, R J Henry, Southern Cross University, Australia 9: Genotyping Pacific Island Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) germplasm, I D Godwin, E S Mace and Nurzuhairawaty,The University of Queensland, Australia 10: Molecular marker systems for sugarcane germplasm analysis, G M Cordeiro, Southern Cross University, Australia 11: Microsatellite analysis in cultivated hexaploid wheat and wild wheat relatives, A McLauchlan, R J Henry, Southern Cross University, Australia, P G Isaac, Agrogene, France and K J Edwards, University of Bristol, UK 12: Comparison of RFLP & AFLP marker systems for assessing genetic diversity in Australian barley varieties & breeding, K Chalmers, University of Adelaide, South Australia Development of molecular markers for use in plant genotyping 13: Discovery and application of single nucleotide polymorphism markers in plants, D Bhattramakki and A Rafalski, DuPont Agricultural Products, USA 14: Producing and exploiting enriched microsatellite libraries, T L Maguire, University of Queensland, Australia 15: Sourcing of SSR markers from related plant species, M Rossetto, Southern Cross University, Australia 16: Microsatellites derived from ESTs, and their comparison with those derived by other methods, K D Scott, Southern Cross University, AustraliaTechnical developments and issues in plant genotyping 17: Plant DNA Extraction, R J Henry, Southern Cross University, Australia 18: Collection, reporting and storage of microsatellite genotype data, N Harker, Southern Cross University, Australia 19: Commercial applications of plant genotyping, L S Lee and R J Henry, Southern Cross University, Australia 20: Non-gel based techniques for plant genotyping, R Kota, Southern Cross University, Australia 21: Using molecular information for decision support in wheat breeding, H Eagles, CRC for Molecular Plant Breeding, M Cooper, The University of Queensland, R Shorter, CSIRO Tropical Agriculture, P Fox, CIMMYT, 22: Application of DNA profiling to an outbreeding forage species, J Forster, E Jones, R Kölliker, M Drayton, M Dupal, K Guthridge, La Trobe University, Australia & K Smith, Pastoral & Veterinary Institute, Australia

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Book SynopsisThis book contains edited and revised papers from a conference on 'Science and Technology for Managing Plant Genetic Diversity in the 21st Century' held in Malaysia in June 2000, organised by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). It includes keynote papers and some 40 additional ones, covering ten themes.The major scientific challenges to developing a global vision for the next century are identified and key research objectives are also discussed.Table of Contents1: The applications of genomic sciences for a better understanding of genepools 2: Technologies and strategies for ex situ conservation 3: The deployment and management of genetic diversity in agroecosystems 4: The role of bioinformatics in conservation and use 5: In situ conservation of wild species 6: Indicators for sustainable management of genetic resources 7: Germplasm enhancement and pre-breeding 8: Exploring underused species - diverse options 9: Implications of gene transformation techniques for ex situ conservation choices 10: GIS applications for genetic resources management 11: The economics of managing genetic resources and the role of private and public sectors

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Book SynopsisCassava is a major tropical tuber crop found throughout the tropics (India, Oceania, Africa and Latin America). Hitherto, there has been no single text covering all aspects of cassava biology, production and utilization. This book fills that gap, representing the first comprehensive research level overview of this main staple crop. Chapters are written by leading experts in this field from all continents. The book is suitable for those working and researching in cassava, in both developed and developing countries, as well as advanced students.Table of ContentsPart 1: Origin, Distribution and Economic Importance 1.1: Origin and Taxonomy of Cassava, A C Allem, EMBRAPA, Brasilia 1.2: Cassava in South America and the Caribbean, G Henry, CIRAD, Brazil and C Hershey, Manheim, PA, USA 1.3: Cassava in Africa, R J Hillocks, Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, Maritime, Kent, UK 1.4: Cassava in Asia and the Pacific, I Onwueme, University of Technology, Papua New Guinea Part 2: Botany, Crop Physiology and Agronomy 2.1: Botany and Crop Physiology, A A Alvez, EMBRAPA-CNPMF, Cruz das Almas, Brazil 2.2: Agronomy and Cropping Systems, D Leihner, FAO, Rome, Italy 2.3: Mineral Nutrition and Fertilisation, R H Howeler, CIAT, Bangkok, Thailand Part 3: Genetics and Crop Improvement 3.1: Breeding for Crop Improvement, D L Jennings, Kent, UK and C Iglesias, Weaver Popcorn Co, New Richmond, Indiana, USA 3.2: Genetic Resources and Conservation, N Q Ng and S C Ng, IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria 3.3: Cassava Biotechnology, M Fregene, CIAT, Cali, Colombia and J Puonti-Kaerlas, ETH Zentrum, Zurich, Switzerland Part 4: Crop Protection 4.1: Arthropod Pests and IPM, A Bellotti, CIAT, Cali, Colombia 4.2: The Origins and Taxonomy of Cassava, L A Calvert, CIAT, Cali, Colombia and J M Thresh, Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, Maritime, Kent, UK 4.3: Bacterial, Fungal and Nematode Diseases, R J Hillocks, Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, Maritime, Kent, UK and K Wydra, Georg August Universitat, Gottingen, Germany Part 5: Crop Utilisation 5.1: Cassava Utilization, Storage and Small-scale Processing, A Westby, Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, Maritime, Kent, UK 5.2: Cassava in Food, Feed and Industry, C Balagopalan, Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Kerala, India

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Book SynopsisUntil recently, the production of fruits by plants, their consumption by animals (frugivory) and the relevance of these to seed dispersal have attracted less attention than topics such as pollination biology. However, since the 1970s they have started to gain more prominence and now give rise to more research funding, seminal papers and international symposiums. This book contains chapters adapted from the Third International Symposium-Workshop on Frugivores and Seed Dispersal held in August 2000 in Rio Quente, Brazil.Table of ContentsI: Historical and Theoretical Perspectives 1: Maintenance of tree diversity in tropical forests, J Terborgh, N Pitman, M Silman, H Schichter, and P Nunez V. 2: Dissemination limitation and the origin and maintenance of species-rich tropical forests, E W Schupp, T Milleron and S E Russo 3: Assessing recruitment limitation: Concepts, methods, and case studies from a tropical forest , H C Muller-Landau, et al 4: Have frugivores influenced the evolution of fruit traits in New Zealand? J M Lord, A S Markey and J Marshall 5: Mechanistic models for tree seed dispersal by wind in dense forests and open landscapes, R Nathan, H S Horn, J Chave, and S A Levin 6: The role of vertebrates in the diversification of new world mistletoes, C Restrepo, S Sargent, D J Levey, and D M Watson II: Plant Strategies 7: Mistletoes as parasites and seed-dispersing birds as disease vectors: current understanding, challenges, and opportunities, J E Aukema and C Martínez del Rio 8: Secondary metabolites of ripe fleshy fruits: ecology and phylogeny in the genus Solanum, M L Cipollini, et al 9: The seed dispersers and fruit syndromes of Myrtaceae in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, M A Pizo 10: Are plant species that need gaps for recruitment more attractive to seed-dispersing birds and ants than other species? C C Horvitz, et al 11: The role of fruit traits in determining fruit removal in east Mediterranean ecosystems, I Izhaki 12: Seed dispersal of mimetic fruits: parasitism, mutualism, or exaptation? M Galetti 13: Secondary dispersal of Jeffery pine seeds by rodent scatter hoarders: the roles of pilfering, recaching, and variable environment, S B VanderWall 14: The role of seed size in dispersal by a scatterhoarding rodent, P A Jansen, et al 15: Mast seeding and predator-mediated indirect interactions in a forest community: evidence from post- dispersal fate of rodent-generated caches, K Hoshizaki and P E Hulme III: Animal Strategies 14: Seasonality of fruiting and food hoarding by rodents in Neotropical forests: consequences for seed dispersal and seedling recruitment, P Forget, D S Hammond, T Milleron, and R Thomas 15: Seed eaters: seed dispersal, destruction, and demography, P E Hulme 16: Plant-animal co-evolution: Is it thwarted by spatial and temporal variation in animal foraging? C A Chapman and L J Chapman 17: The frugivorous diet of the maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus in Brazil: ecology, and conservation, J C Motta jnr and K Martins IV: Consequences of Seed Dispersal 18: Frugivore-generated seed shadows: A landscape view of demographic and genetic effects, P Jordano and J A Godoy 19: Contributions of seed dispersal and demography to recruitment limitation in a Costa Rican cloud forest, K G Murray and J M Garcia-C 20: A meta-analysis of gut treatment on seed germination, A Traveset and M Verdú 21: Seed dispersal effectiveness by Cercopithecus monkeys: implications for seed input into degraded areas, B A Kaplin and J E Lambert 22: Exploring the link between animal frugivory and plant strategies: the case of primate fruit-processing and post-dispersal seed fate, J E Lambert V: Conservation, Biodiversity, and Management 23: Extinct pigeons and declining bat populations: Are large seeds still being dispersed in the tropical Pacific? K R McConkey and D R Drake 24: Potential consequences of extinction of frugivorous birds for shrubs of a tropical wet forest, B A Loiselle and J G Blake 25: Primate frugivory in two species-rich Neotropical Forests: implications for the demography of large-seeded plants in overhunted areas, C A Peres and M van Roosmalen 26: Patterns of fruit-frugivore interactions in two Atlantic Forest bird communities of southeastern Brazil: implications for conservation, W R Silva, P De Marco, É Hasui, and V S M Gomes 27: Limitations of animal seed dispersal for enhancing forest succession on degraded lands, R S Duncan and C A Chapman 28: Frugivory and seed dispersal in degraded tropical east Asian landscapes, R T Corlett 29: Behavioral and ecological considerations for managing bird damage to cultivated fruits, M L Avery 30: Harvest and management of forest fruits by humans: implications for fruit-frugivore interactions, S M Moegenburg

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Book SynopsisIn the past twenty years there has been a revolution in plant sciences, as new methods of molecular biology and biophysics have been applied to investigate environmental stress, particularly desiccation tolerance. Today, there is a good level of understanding of how plant cells cope with extreme water stress. This book is divided into four sections, dealing with 1) the technical background to desiccation tolerance studies; 2) the frequency and levels of dehydration stress tolerance in biological systems; 3) mechanisms of damage and tolerance, and 4) a brief prospect and retrospect. It covers orthodox and recalcitrant seeds, pollen and spores, vegetative parts, and other plant tissues.Table of ContentsPart I: Introduction 1: Drying without dying, P Alpert and M J Oliver Part II: Methodology 2: Methods for study of water relations under desiccation stress, W K Sun 3: Experimental aspects of drying and recovery, N W Pammenter, P Berjak, J Wesley-Smith and C Vander Willigen 4: Biochemical and biophysical methods for quantifying desiccation phenomena in seeds and vegetative tissues, O Leprince and E Golovina Part III: Biology of dehydration 5: Desiccation sensitivity in orthodox and recalcitrant seeds in relation to development, A Kermode and B E Finch-Savage 6: Pollen and spores: Desiccation tolerance in pollen and the spores of lower plants and fungi, F A Hoekstra 7: Vegetative tissues: Bryophytes, vascular resurrection plants and vegetative propagules, M C F Proctor and V C Pence 8: Ecological, taxonomic and phylogenetic aspects of desiccation tolerance in seeds and other plant tissues, J Dickie and H Pritchard Part IV: Mechanisms of damage and tolerance 9: Desiccation stress and damage, C Walters, J M Farrant, N W Pammenter and P Berjak 10: Biochemistry and biophysics of tolerance systems, J Buitink, F A Hoekstra and O Leprince 11: Molecular genetics of desiccation and tolerant systems, J Phillips, M J Oliver and D Bartels 12: Rehydration of dried systems: Membranes and the nuclear genome, D J Osborne, I Boubriak and O Leprince Part V: Retrospect and prospect 13: Damage and tolerance in retrospect and prospect, M Black, H Pritchard and R Obendorf

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive reference work, summarising our knowledge of apples and their production worldwide. It includes 24 chapters written by international authorities from the USA, Canada, Europe and New Zealand. The main subjects addressed include taxonomy and production statistics, plant materials, apple physiology, orchard and tree management, crop protection (including organic production), harvesting and handling and utilization. The book will be of significant interest to those working in horticulture and botany.Table of ContentsPart I: Introduction 1: Taxonomic classification and brief history, J L Luby, University of Minnesota, SA 2: World production, trade, consumption and economic outlook for apples, D O'Rourke, Belrose Inc, Pullman, WA, USA Part II: Plant Materials 3: Genetic improvement of apple: Breeding, markers, mapping, and biotechnology, S K Brown and K E Maloney, Cornell University, USA 4: Characteristics of important commercial apple cultivars, C R Hampson, Pacific Agri-Food Research Center, Canada and H Kemp, Applied Plant Research, The Netherlands 5: Apple rootstocks, A D Webster, Horticultural Research International, Kent, UK and S J Wertheim, Fruit Research Station, The Netherlands 6: Propagation and nursery tree quality, S J Wertheim, Fruit Research Station, The Netherlands and A D Webster, Horticultural Research International, Kent, UK Part III: Apple Physiology and Environmental Influences 7: Flowering, pollination and fruit set and development, F Dennis, Jr. Michigan State University, USA 8: Water relations of apples, A N Lakso, Cornell University, USA 9: Light relations, L Corelli Grappadelli, University of Bologna, Italy 10: Temperature, J W Palmer, Nelson Research Centre, New Zealand, J-P Prive, Agriculture and Agri-Food, Canada and D S Tustin, Nelson Research Centre, New Zealand Part IV: Orchard and Tree Management 11: Selecting the orchard site, site preparation, orchard planning and establishment, J A Barden, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, USA 12: Nutritional requirements of apple, G H Neilsen and D Neilsen, Pacific Agri-Food Research, Canada 13: Orchard floor management systems, I A Merwin, Cornell University, USA 14: Pruning and training physiology, D C Ferree and J R Schupp, New York State Agricultural Experimental Station, USA 15: Apple orchard planting systems, T L Robinson, Cornell University, USA 16: Flower and fruit thinning and vegetative: fruiting balance, R E Byers, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA 17: Endogenous hormone and bioregulator use on apples, D W Greene, Pennsylvania State University, USA Part V: Crop Protection 18: Diseases of apple, K C Eastwell, G G Grove, Washington State University, USA, A L Jones, Michigan State University, USA and T B Sutton, North Carolina State University, USA 19: Ecology and management of apple arthropod pests, E H Beers, Washington State University, USA, D M Suckling, Horticulture Food and Research Institute, New Zealand, R J Prokopy, University of Massachusetts, USA and J Avilla, University of Lleida, Spain 20: Apple orchard freeze protection, S D Seeley and J L Anderson, Utah State University, USA 21: Integrated fruit production for apples - Principles and guidelines, J Avilla, University of Lleida, Spain and H Riedl, Oregon State University, USA 22: Organic apple production - With emphasis on European experiences, F Weibel and A Häseli, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, Switzerland Part VI: Harvesting, Handling and Utilization 23: Principles and practices of postharvest handling and stress, C B Watkins, Cornell University, USA 24: Production and handling techniques for processing apples, R M Crassweller and G M Greene, Pennsylvania State University, USA

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Book SynopsisThis book presents refereed and edited papers from the 6th International Symposium on Poisonous Plants, held in Scotland in August 2001. It covers a range of topics from plant biochemistry to toxic effects in animals (particularly grazing farmed animals) and humans. The contents include the evolution of antinutrients and toxins in plants, biomedical applications of toxins in plants, isolation, identification and effects of plant and fungal toxins and the effect of plant toxins on aversion to plants in animal diets.Table of Contents1: Evolution of Toxins and Anti-nutritional Factors in Plants with Special Emphasis on Leguminosae 2: Lack of Apparent Base Sequence Preference of Activated Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Cross-links with DNA 3: Correlation of an Endophytic Fungus (Alternaria spp.) with the Presence of Swainsonine in Lambert Locoweed (Oxytropis lambertii) 4: Delphinium Alkaloid Toxicosis in Cattle from Switzerland 5: Toxicity of a Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid, Riddelliine, in Neonatal Pigs 6: Bacteria and Corynetoxin-like Toxins in Nematode Seed-galls in Festuca nigrescens from North America and New Zealand 7: Preliminary in vitro Studies of Cistus salvifolius Leaves in Relation to Metabolic Disorders in Sheep 8: Fusarochromanone and Wortmannin: Novel Fusarium Toxins 9: Improved Methods for the Extraction and Purification of Corynetoxins for Preparative or Analytical Purposes using Water Solublizing Additives 10: Nephrotic Syndrome in Cattle Caused by the Shrub Nolletia gariepina in the Kalahari Sandveld of Southern Africa 11: The Concentration of Steroidal Sapogenins in and the Degree of Fungal Infection on Narthecium ossifragum Plants in More and Romsdal County, Norway 12: Calcinosis in Ruminants due to Plant Poisoning: Contributions on the Pathogenesis 13: Evaluation of Ipomoea carnea Toxicity to Growing Goats: Clinical, Biochemical, Haematological and Pathological Alterations 14: Chemical and Pharmacological Investigation of Macrocyclic Diterpenoids Isolated from Euphorbia Species 15: Disposition of Swainsonine in Sheep Following Acute Oral Exposure 16: Stimulating Effect of Aflatoxin B1 on Lipid Peroxidation in the in vitro Model Systems 17: An Indirect Competitive ELISA for Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids of Heliotropium europaeum 18: Victor King Chesnut (1867-1938), A Poisonous Plant Pioneer 19: Phomopsin Intoxication of the Rat Causes Prodigious Loss of Body Weight and Liver Weight 20: The Role of Condensed Tannins on the Rumen Degradation of Lotus pedunculatus 21: Cyclopiazonic Acid: Food Chain Contaminant? 22: Calystegines Isolated from Ipomoea spp. Possibly Associated with an Ataxia Syndrome in Cattle in North Western Australia 23: Spectrofluorometric Analysis of Phylloerythrin in Plasma and Skin from Sheep Suffering from Hepatogenous Photosensitization 24: Plants Toxic for Domestic Animals in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil 25: Occurrence of Cyanogenic Glycosides in Seeds and Seedlings of Idiospermum australiense, a Primitive Rainforest Angiosperm from Tropical Australia 26: Photosensitization in Cattle in Southern Brazil 27: Transformed Root Cultures of Solanum dulcamara and Production of Secondary Metabolites 28: Antibacterial Properties of Phytochemicals in Aromatic Plants in Poultry Diets 29: Microbial Metabolism of Tannins 30: Modulation of Escherichia coli Shiga Toxin Activity on Vero Cells by the Use of the Secondary Plant Compound Swainsonine 31: The Identification of Corynetoxin-like Tunicaminyluracil-glycolipids from Nematode Galls in Festuca nigrescens from North America and New Zealand 32: The Metabolism of Saponins from Yucca schidigera in Sheep 33: Ecological, Physiological and Behavioural Interactions between Marsupial Folivores and Eucalyptus Antifeedants 34: PCR Amplification for Detection of Synergistes jonesii, the Ruminal Bacterium that Degrades the Toxins of Leucaena leucocephala 35: Bracken Fern (genus Pteridium) Toxicity - A Global Problem 36: Histochemical Studies of Bracken Fern: Localization of Phenolic and Tannin Defences in Bracken Accessions along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Neotropics 37: Chronic Toxicity in Cattle due to Pteridium aquilinum (Bracken Fern) in Tarija Department, Bolivia: An Interdisciplinary Investigation 38: Ptaquiloside in Bracken and in Topsoil in 20 Danish Bracken Populations 39: Pathological Aspects of Cyanobacterial Toxicity 40: Effect of Senna occidentalis Seed in Laying Hens: Evaluation of the Toxicity and Egg Production 41: Intoxication by Crotalaria retusa in Ruminants and Equidae in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil 42: Pathology of Experimental Stemodia kingii Intoxication in the Mouse 43: A Procedure for the Estimation of the Daily Intake of Saponins from Pasture by Sheep 44: Exposure of Native Australian Parrots to Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids 45: Poisonous Sedges: The Galegine Content of Schoenus rigens at Various Growth Stages 46: Lupin Non-starch Polysaccharides and their Effects on Chickens 47: Lectin Histochemical Study of Lipopigments Present in the Cerebellum of Solanum fastigiatum var. fastigiatum Intoxicated Cattle 48: Ipomoea carnea Induced Enhanced Macrophage Activity (Phagocytosis and Peroxide Production) in Immunocompetent Rats 49: Advanced Multidimensional NMR Experiments as Tools for Structure Determination of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids 50: Characterization of Steroidal Sapogenins in Panicum virgatum L. (Switchgrass) 51: Common Natural and Experimental Plant Intoxications in Animals Reported in Cuba 52: Intoxication by Prosopis juliflora Pods (Mesquite Beans) in Cattle and Goats in Northeastern Brazil 53: Screening Poisonous Plant Toxins for Cytotoxicity Using Bovine Embryos Produced by in vitro Fertilization Techniques 54: Growth of Bracken in Denmark and the Content of Ptaquiloside in Fronds, Rhizomes and Roots 55: Poisonous Plant Research: Biomedical Applications 56: Essential Amino Acids and Antimetabolites in the Seed Kernel of an Unconventional Legume, Gila Bean (Entada phaseoloides Merrill) 57: The Detection and Estimation of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Plants and Feeds using an ELISA 58: Monocrotaline Pyrrole Protein Targets in Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells 59: Analysis of Corynetoxins: A Comparative Study of an Indirect Competitive ELISA and HPLC 60: Pavetamine: an Inhibitor of Protein Synthesis in the Heart 61: Effects of the Mycotoxins Lolitrem B and Paxilline on Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle, Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems and Temperature in Sheep 62: Conditioned Feed Aversion as a Means of Preventing Sheep from Grazing Vermeerbos (Geigeria ornativa) 63: Prenatal Toxicity of Cyanide in Goats - a Model for Teratological Studies in Ruminants 64: The Clinical and Morphological Changes of Intermittent Locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) Poisoning in Sheep 65: Biological Control of the Toxic Shrub Juniper 66: The Effect on Quail of Feed Contaminated with the Mycotoxin Aurofusarin 67: Effect of Tunicamycins on GlcNAc-1-P Transferase Activity in Rat Tissues and Toxic Effects during Pregnancy and Lactation 68: Experiences with the Quantitative Trace Analysis of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids using GCMS and LCMS 69: Perinatal Study of Senna occidentalis Intoxication in Rabbits 70: Fetal Effects of Maternal Ingestion of Solanum malacoxylon: Evaluation in Rats 71: A Survey of Venezuelan Plants Toxic to Livestock and their Potential as Anti-insect Materials 72: Dietary Butylated Hydroxytoluene Protects Against Aflatoxicosis in Turkeys 73: Mycotoxins in Agricultural Crops 74: Intoxication by Ramaria flavo-brunnescens in Domestic Animals 75: Natural Antioxidants and Mycotoxins: Theoretical Considerations and Practical Applications 76: Rumex obtusifolius: Its Costs and the Benefits of Control 77: Effect of Varying Trypsin Inhibitor Activity of Full Fat Soya on Nutritional Value for Broiler Chicks 78: The Bioactivity-guided Isolation and Structural Identification of Two Novel Toxic Steroidal Glucosides, Stemodiosides B3 and B4 from Stemodia kingii 79: The Effect of Pattern of Feeding on the Development of Food Preferences in Goats in Response to Positive and Negative Post-ingestive Consequences 80: Conditioned Feed Aversion as a Means of Preventing Intake of Yellow-tulp (Homeria pallida) by Livestock 81: Plant-associated Diseases, Either New or New to the State, Encountered Over the Last Decade (1991-2001) in Western Australia 82: Steroidal Sapogenins and Saponins in Narthecium ossifragum from Scotland 83: Transfer of Cyanide and its Main Metabolite Thiocyanate in Milk: Study of Cyanogenic Plants Ingestion during Lactation in Goats 84: The Effect of Feeding Broilers Tall Fescue Grass (Festuca arundinacea) Seeds Containing the Endophyte Toxin Ergovaline on Ascites Syndrome Morbidity 85: Bovine Enzootic Haematuria on São Miguel Island - Azores 86: Toxicophenology and Grazing Risk Models of Tall Larkspur

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Book SynopsisEver wanted to know the genus name for a coconut?Intended for all your research needs, this encyclopedia is a comprehensive collection of information on temperate and tropical fruit and nut crops. Entries are grouped alphabetically by family and then by species, making it easy to find the information you need. Coverage includes palms and cacti as well as vegetable fruits of Solanaceae and Curcurbitacea. This book not only deals with the horticulture of the fruit and nut crops but also discusses the botany, making it a useful tool for anyone from scientists to gardeners and fruit hobbyists.Trade Review"Great site, always up-to-date on the latest developments of this growing field of research." The Bio-Web: Resources for Molecular and Cell Biologists" http://cellbiol.com/BioLinks.html"Table of Contents1: Preface 2: Glossary 3: Alphabetical entries 4: Index

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Book SynopsisDescriptions of fruit varieties suitable for organic production Plant protection, pests and diseases and how they can be countered in organic systems Includes tables, diagrams graphs and photographsThere is great interest in organic horticulture and this title is a timely and much needed addition for practical, science-based guidance. It is a translation of a volume which has been very well received in German and is the product of collaboration between authors in Austria, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Switzerland. The contents include the basics of organic fruit growing, but also cover orchard construction, cultivation, protection and the commercialization of the organic products.Table of Contents1: Principles of organic fruit growing 2: General principles 3: Legal aspects 4: Conversion of a conventionally run production unit to organic fruit growing 5: Planning and setting up an organic production unit 6: Choice of site: ecological principles 7: Planting stock for an organic orchard 8: Planting systems in organic fruit production 9: Choice of rootstocks and cultivars in organic fruit production 10: Dessert apple production 11: Dessert pear production 12: Production of stone fruit (cherries and plums) 13: Organic production of small fruit 14: Cultural measures in organic fruit growing 15: Protection of the soil when using machinery 16: Care of the soil 17: Fertilizer application 18: Important organic fertilizers for fruit growing 19: Thinning in organic fruit growing 20: Growth-regulating measures in organic fruit growing 21: Plant protection 22: Principles and aims of organic plant protection 23: Encouraging biodiversity in orchards 24: Beneficials, or taking advantage of natural regulation 25: Major diseases and pests of pome fruit 26: Major diseases and pests of stone fruit 27: Major diseases and pests of strawberries 28: Major diseases and pests of raspberries 29: Major diseases and pests of blackberries 30: Major diseases and pests of bilberries 31: Pesticides 32: Processing 33: General requirements for fruit for processing 34: Production of fruit juices 35: Production of dried fruit 36: Production of jellies and jams 37: Production of vinegar 38: Labelling of products 39: Marketing of organic products 40: Analysis of the situation 41: Plans - goals - measures 42: Marketing strategy 43: Marketing instruments 44: Efficiency review

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Book SynopsisThis book presents edited and revised papers from the seventh International Workshop on Seeds, held in Salamanca, Spain, in May 2002. The key topics addressed include seed development, germination and dormancy, as well as desiccation, seed ecology and seed biotechnology.Table of Contents1: Seeds of Hope; Seeds of Conflict, J D Bewley, University of Guelph, Canada Part I: Seed Development 2: Physiological and molecular aspects of the control of dormancy and germination in developing sorghum caryopses, R L Benech-Arnold, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, et al 3: Long cell, a mutant from maize producing a distorted embryo and generalized cell death, E Graziano, Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, Spain, et al 4: The failure of embryonic epidermis affects seed maturation and embryo growth in pea, L Borisjuk, IPK, Germany, et al 5: Seed quality development in wrinkled-seeded mutant peas, T W Lyall, University of Reading, UK, et al 6: Galactosyl cyclitol accumulation enhanced by substrate feeding of soybean embryos, S Odorcic, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA, et al 7: MARK, a maize atypical receptor-like kinase, expressed during embryogenesis and in the meristems of the adult plant, interacts with MIK a new GCK/SPS1 kinase, B Llompart, IBMB-CSIC, Spain, et al 8: Sunflower seed development as related to antioxidant enzyme activities, C Bailly, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France, et al 9: Gamyb and BPBF transcription factors in the control of gene expression during development of barley endosperm, I Díaz, Ciudad Universitaria, Spain, et al 10: Peptide transport in the developing barley grain, W M Waterworth, University of Manchester, UK, et al 11: Oxygen as an control factor in embryogenesis of legume seeds, H Rolletschek, IPK, Germany, et al Part II: Seed Germination and Dormancy 12: Hormonal and molecular events during seed dormancy release and germination, G Leubner-Metzger, Universität Freiburg, Germany 13: Involvement of energy metabolism and ABA in primary and secondary dormancies in oat (Avena sativa L.) seeds- a physiological approach, F Corbineau, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France, et al 14: Mobilization of the galactomannan-containing cell walls of tomato seeds. Where does ß-mannosidase fit into the picture? B Mo, University of Guelph, Canada, et al 15: Molecular cloning and expression of a gene encoding a germin-like protein in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), A L Chateigner-Boutin, UFR Sciences, France, et al 16: Isolation and characterization of genes related with the breaking of beechnuts dormancy and putatively involved in ethylene signal perception and transduction, A P Calvo, Unviersidad de Salamanca, Spain, et al 17: Developing weedy rices for map-based cloning of seed dormancy genes, M E Foley, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Fargo, USA, et al 18: PCNA-associated proteins during maize germination, J M Vázquez-Ramos, Avenida Universidad y Copilco, México, et al 19: Tissue printing for localization of mRNA expression in seeds, H Nonogak, Oregon State University, USA, et al 20: Translational control by differential cap-dependency in selected subpopulations of maize stored mRNAs, T Dinkova, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, México, et al 21: Expression of a ribosomal protein gene during germination of cabbage (Brassica oleracea f. oleracea) seeds, P E Toorop, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, et al 22: Proteomics of Arabidopsis seed germination and priming, K Gallardo, CNRS-INRA-Bayer CropScience, France, et al 23: Involvement of oxidative stress and ABA in CN-mediated elimination of embryonic dormancy in apple, R Bogatek, Warsaw Agricultural University, Poland, et al 24: Thermoinhibition of seed germination in winter annual plants is regulated by abscisic acid, T Yoshioka, Tohoku University, Japan, et al 25: SIMPLE (SIMualtion of PLant Emergence): A model for predicting crop emergence, C Dürr, Unité d’Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons, France, et al 26: Metabolic activity in germinating tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seeds is not related to distribution of free water within the seed, H W M Hilhorst, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, et al 27: Some observations about seed quality and mitochondrial performance, E J Benamar, Université d’Angers, France, et al 28: Gibberellin regulation of aleurone cell death in germinating wheat seeds, F Domínguez, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Spain, et al Part III: Desiccation and other Stress Tolerance and Conservation 29: What do we really know about desiccation tolerance mechanisms? F A Hoekstra, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, et al 30: Are sugar-sensing pathways involved in desiccation tolerance? O Leprince, Université d’Angers, France, et al 31: Gene expression during loss and regaining of stress tolerance at seed priming and drying, S P C Groot, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, et al 32: Proteomic analysis of maternal dominance for cold germination in maize, I Saab, Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc, USA, et al 33: Seed life-spans and telomeres, D J Osborne, Oxford Research Unit, Oxford, UK, et al 34: Prediction of seed longevity: a modified model and improved fitting process, A Mead, Horticulture Research International, Warwick, UK, et al 35: Desiccation rate, desiccation response and damage accumulation: can desiccation sensitivity be quantified? N Pammenter, University of Natal, South Africa, et al 36: Is genetic fidelity maintained following the cryopreservation of the seeds of the endangered African pepper bark (Warburgia salutaris)? J Kioko, University of Natal, South Africa, et al 37: Structural changes in membranes of developing wheat embryos during the acquisition of desiccation tolerance, E A Golovina, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, et al 38: Sucrose pretreatment increases desiccation tolerance in Wampee (Clausena lansium) axes, J R Fu, Chinese Academy of Science, China, et al 39: Dehydration damage and its repair in imbibed spybean (Glycine max) seeds, S Q Song, Chinese Academy of Science, China, et al Part IV: Seed Ecology 40: New approaches to the study of evolution of physical and physiological dormancy, the two most common classes of seed dormancy on earth, J M Baskin, University of Kentucky, USA, et al 41: Germination deferment strategies, E Jurado, UANL, México, et al 42: Dormancy and germination ecology of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.), A Ellery, CSIRO, Australia, et al 43: Phenotypic plasticity of seed germination as a component of the complementary sets of adaptations and survival strategies during the life cycle of ephemerals occurring in the Negev Desert of Israel, Y Gutterman, University of Negev, Israel 44: Cold-induced germination promotion in Hemerocallis dumortieri var. esculenta and H. Fulva var. littorea seeds, K Suzuki, Tokyo University, Japan, et al 45: Germination Stimulation of Weed Species by Smoke, S Adkins, University of Queensland, Australia, et alPart V: Seed Biotechnology 46: Genetic analysis and QTL mapping for cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS) and germination traits in maize grain, M A Limami, Université d’Angers, France, et al 47: Physico-chemical factors influence beet (Beta vulgaris L.) seed germination, A G Taylor, Cornell University, USA, et al 48: Seed ageing in tomato reduces the capacity of seeds to produce ethylene, while priming increases ethylene evolution during germination, G Siriwitayawan, University of Kentucky, USA, et alClosing Lecture 49: Recent accomplishments and new opportunities in seed research, R L Obendorf, Cornell University, USA, et al

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Book SynopsisThere is a growing awareness that an understanding of international plant health agreements and protocol is essential in the increasingly free-trade environment of today, and that administrative methods of plant pest control are important in crop production. However, there has been no recent book, which introduces students and practitioners to the subject of plant health and quarantine. This book fills this gap.Table of Contents1: Introduction to plant health and quarantine 2: Early history of plant health control measures 3: International phytosanitary controls 4: The European Union plant health regime 5: Operation of national plant protection organisations 6: Imports and exports 7: Eradication and containment 8: Principles of certification and marketing schemes 9: International certification and marketing schemes 10: Indexing and diagnosis in plant health 11: Pest risk analysis 12: Hygiene and precautionary measures 13: Appendix I 14: The regional plant protection organisations 15: Appendix II 16: Convention concerning the measures to be taken against Phylloxera vastatrix, 1878 17: Appendix III 18: International controls on the use of plant pests as offensive agents

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Book SynopsisLitchi (lychee) and the related fruit longan are grown extensively in China and South-East Asia, as well as in Australia, Florida (USA), Southern Europe and Southern Africa. This book represents the only comprehensive, balanced and internationally focused publication on these fruit. It covers all aspects of production, from taxonomy and breeding, to propagation, flowering and fruit set, to diseases, pests and postharvest storage and processing. It also contains information on photosynthesis, productivity, plant-water relations and nutrition.Table of Contents1: Origin, history, production and processing, X Huang, South China Agricultural University, China, S Mitra, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, India, S Subhadrabandhu, Katsetsart University, Thailand, R Ben-Arie, 2: Fruit Storage Laboratory, Israel, and R A Stern, Galilee Technology Center, Israel 3: Taxonomy, botany and plant development, S Subhadrabandhu and R A Stern 4: Propagation, S K Mitra, and P K Ray, Rajendra Agricultural University, India 5: Biotechnology, R E Litz, S Raharjo, K Matsumoto and Witjaksono, University of Florida, USA 6: Cultivars and plant improvement, C M Menzel, X Huang, and C Liu, South China Agricultural University, China 7: Flowering, T L Davenport, University of Florida, USA, and R A Stern 8: Fruit set, development and maturation, 9: Litchi, H Huang, South China Agricultural University, China 10: Longan, R A Stern 11: Fruit disorders, X Huang 12: Photosynthesis and productivity, C M Menzel 13: Plant water relations and irrigation, C M Menzel 14: Plant nutrition and fertilizing, C M Menzel 15: Pests, G K Waite 16: Diseases, L Coates, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Australia, E Zhou, South China Agricultural University, China, and C Sittigul, Chiang Mai University, Thailand 17: Harvesting and storage, D M Holcroft, Dole Fresh Vegetables, USA, H Lin, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China, and S Ketsa, Katsetsart University, Thailand

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Book SynopsisThis is the first scholarly reference work to cover all the major scientific themes and facets of the subject of seeds. It outlines the latest fundamental biological knowledge about seeds, together with the principles of agricultural seed processing, storage and sowing, the food and industrial uses of seeds, and the roles of seeds in history, economies and cultures. With contributions from 110 expert authors worldwide, the editors have created 560 authoritative articles, illustrated with plentiful tables, figures, black-and-white and colour photographs, suggested further reading matter and 670 supplementary definitions. The contents are alphabetically arranged and cross-referenced to connect related entries.Table of Contents1: Preface 2: Alphabetical Entries 3: Crop Atlas Appendix 4: Index of Species

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Book SynopsisThe floral industry represents a significant proportion of agricultural income in several developed countries, particularly the USA, the Netherlands and Japan. Hitherto the sheer diversity of flower seeds, in their form, function and biology, has hindered the production of a comprehensive treatment of the topic. This book provides a unique and much-needed resource of information on the biology and technology of flower seeds. It presents in-depth information on the history and evolution of the ornamental and wild flower seed industries followed by recommendations for successful breed and production programs. A comprehensive coverage of the biology of flower seeds is considered as well as appropriate technologies associated with germination, vigor and viability testing. In this volume, the first of its kind, international authorities from academia and industry have been brought together to provide a comprehensive reference resource for both practitioners and students of seed science and Table of Contents1: Introduction to Flower Seeds and the Flower Seed Industry, Miller B McDonald and Francis Y Kwong 2: History of the Flower Seed Industry, Nona Koivula, All-America Selections and the National Garden Bureau, Illinois, USA 3: Ornamental Bedding Plant Industry and Plug Production, Debbie Hamrick, Flora Culture International Magazine 4: The Uses and Potential of Wildflower Seed in Landscaping, Gene P Milstein, Applewood Seed Company, Colorado, USA 5: Breeding Flower Seed Crops, Neil O Anderson, University of Minnesota, USA 6: Factors Affecting Flowering in Ornamental Plants, John Erwin, University of Minnesota, USA 7: Seed Development and Structure in Floral Crops, Deborah J Lionakis Meyer, California Department of Food & Agriculture, USA 8: Flower Seed Physiology and Plug Production, Miller B McDonald 9: Seed Dormancy in Wild Flowers, Carol C Baskin and Jerry M Baskin, University of Kentucky, USA 10: Flower Seed Longevity and Deterioration, Miller B McDonald 11: Flower Seed Production, Francis Y Kwong 12: Flower Seed Cleaning and Grading, Francis Y Kwong, Ruth L Sellman, Henk Jalink and Rob van der Schoor, PanAmerican Seed Company, and Plant Research International, The Netherlands 13: Flower Seed Priming, Pregermination, Pelleting and Coating, G Tonko Bruggink, Syngenta Seeds BV, The Netherlands 14: Laboratory Germination Testing of Flower Seed, Marian Stephenson, California Dept of Food and Agriculture, and Jolan Mari, PanAmerican Seed Company, USA 15: Tetrazolium Testing for Flower Seeds, Annette Miller, USDA, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA 16: Vigor Testing in Flower Seeds, Robert L Geneve, University of Kentucky, USA 17: Conserving Herbaceous Ornamental Plant Germplasm, David Tay, Ohio State University, USA 18: Conclusions, Miller R McDonald and Francis Y Kwong

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Book SynopsisIn recent years there has been increased interest in growing willow and poplar trees, as fast-growing species that have several purposes, including use as biofuels for energy production. However, silviculture of these trees has been constrained by diseases such as Melampsora rusts. This book provides a comprehensive review of over two decades of extensive study of the rust diseases affecting willow and poplar. It provides insights into the population biology of Melampsora rusts in Europe, China, India and Chile, the genetics of their resistance, and their interaction with their hosts. The book offers information essential to the development of effective and sustainable disease control measures including the use of willow genotype mixtures and biological control agents.Table of ContentsSection 1: Taxonomy and overview of Rusts 1: Phylogenetic position of Melampsora in rust fungi inferred from ribosomal DNA sequences 2: A brief review of Melampsora rusts on Salix 3: The species of Melampsora on Salix (Salicaceae) 4: A brief summary of Melampsora species on Populus Section 2: Occurrence and population biology of Melampsora 5: Variability and population biology of Melampsora rusts on poplars 6: Genetic diversity of Melampsora willow rusts in Germany 7: Genetic structure of Melampsora larici-epitea populations in north-western Europe 8: Current taxonomic status of Melampsora species on poplars in China 9: Current status of poplar leaf rust in India 10: Melampsora Willow Rust in Chile and northern Europe; Part of a metapopulation? Section 3: Rust Resistance and Infection Process 11: Disease scoring by taking inoculum densities into consideration in leaf disc inoculations with poplar and willow rust 12: Interactions between poplar clones and Melampsora populations and their implications for breeding for durable resistance 13: Transgenic hybrid aspen with altered defensive chemistry - a model system to study the chemical basis of resistance? 14: Basidiospore-derived penetration by species of Cronartium and Melampsora: an outline Section 4: Rust Management 15: Host diversity, epidemic progression and pathogen evolution 16: SRC willow mixtures and rust disease development 17: SRC willow mixtures and yield 18: Effect of preventative fungicide sprays on Melampsora rust of poplar in the nursery Section 5: Rust mycoparasites and their potential for biological control 19: Biocontrol of rust fungi by Cladosporium tenuissimum 20: Biology and genetic diversity of the rust hyperparasite Sphaerellopsis filum in Central Europe

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Book SynopsisOffering information on seed identification and seed taxonomy, this book includes internal morphological features of different family groups. It contains a listing of seeds along with approximately 3,000 sketches, photographs, and computer-scanned images of species most likely to be encountered in seed testing laboratories in North America.

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Book SynopsisMost conifer guides available for the Pacific Northwest focus on native species observed in the wild. Native and Ornamental Conifers in the Pacific Northwest presents an integrated perspective for understanding and identifying conifers in any landscape where native and ornamental species grow alongside each other.

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Book SynopsisA colour, simple-to-use field guide that makes shrub identification easy and fun. It features 100 of the most common shrubs that grow in and around Pacific Northwest forests - from southern British Columbia to northern California and from the Pacific Ocean to the northern Rockies.

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Book SynopsisIn 1975 the Royal Government of Bhutan commissioned the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh to produce the first-ever Flora of this fascinating country.The 9 published volumes provide in-depth information on 230 families of plants including descriptions, keys and illustrations.

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Book SynopsisIn 1975 the Royal Government of Bhutan commissioned the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh to produce the first-ever Flora of this fascinating country.The 9 published volumes provide in-depth information on 230 families of plants including descriptions, keys

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Book SynopsisIn 1975 the Royal Government of Bhutan commissioned the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh to produce the first-ever Flora of this fascinating country.The 9 published volumes provide in-depth information on 230 families of plants including descriptions, keys

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewMidwest Book Review- Synopsis: "Understanding Roots: Discover How to Make Your Garden Flourish" uncovers one of the greatest mysteries underground -- the secret lives and magical workings of the roots that move and grow invisibly beneath our feet. Roots, it seems, do more than just keep a plant from falling over: they gather water and nutrients, exude wondrous elixirs to create good soil, make friends with microbes and fungi, communicate with other roots, and adapt themselves to all manner of soils, winds, and climates, nourishing and sustaining our gardens, lawns, and woodlands. "Understanding Roots" contains over 115 enchanting and revealing root drawings that most people have never seen, from prairies, grasslands, and deserts, as well as drawings based on excavations of vegetable, fruit, nut, and ornamental tree roots. Every root system presented in this book was drawn by people literally working in the trenches, sketching the roots where they grew. The text provides a very detailed review of all aspects of transplanting; describes how roots work their magic to improve soil nutrients; investigates the hidden life of soil microbes and their mysterious relationship to roots; explores the question of whether deep roots really gather more unique nutrients than shallow roots; shares the latest research about the mysteries of mycorrhizal (good fungal) association; shows you exactly where to put your fertilizer, compost, water, and mulch to help plants flourish; tells you why gray water increases crop yields more than fresh water; and, most importantly, reveals the science behind all the above (with citations for each scientific paper). Critique: Exceptionally well informed and informative, "Understanding Roots: Discover How to Make Your Garden Flourish" is a compendium of thoroughly accessible, nicely illustrated, practical and directly applicable information that will prove invaluable for amateur and professional gardeners alike, and should be a part of every community and academic library Gardening reference collections and supplemental studies reading lists.“I realize now that I’ve been waiting my whole life to read this book. Robert Kourik makes a major contribution to the science of horticulture and to plant lovers everywhere with Understanding Roots. This book gives us an understanding of the whole plant, and that can only make us better gardeners.”--Jeff Cox, former managing editor of Organic Gardening magazine and the author of twenty books on gardening, landscaping, food, and wine"Wow - what a MINDBLOWING book! I love what you have done and you have made me a better gardener! This is some seriously juicy stuff you have here! With Understanding Roots you have some seriously powerful information in your hands right now!"--Ivette Soler, author of The Edible Front Yard, free-lance author and garden designer"Understanding Roots changed how I think about plants. Much more is going on below ground than we ever imagined, as this book—and particularly its magnificent root diagrams—shows. Robert Kourik brings us up to date with current research and shares his decades of experience in this fascinating journey into the dynamic world of the rhizosphere. Gardeners, farmers, and researchers all will profit from this readable, detailed guide to how plants make their living in the soil."--Toby Hemenway, author of Gaia’s Garden: A Guide to Home-Scale Permaculture and The Permaculture City"As is typical of Robert Kourik’s books, he distills complex research to give home gardeners both a great read and the knowledge needed to successfully pick out, plant and grow trees and shrubs in their gardens. Kourik, using diagrams of the actual root systems, takes us on a fascinating underground tour. He explains how and why understanding root growth and soil type greatly influences where and how to apply, water, mulch and fertilizer."--Sam Benowitz, Owner, Raintree Nursery“Roots are the controlling part of the plant, and we get the best results when we know more about them! Robert Kourik in Understanding Roots makes this possible—with almost double the information as in his previous book on roots. It has been noted that when we improve root health a tiny amount—just two percent to four percent—it is possible to increase yields two hundred percent to four hundred percent. Understanding Roots contains a wealth of information. It is a rare treasure!”--John Jeavons, author and developer of Sustainable Biologically Intensive Food-Growing, Willits, CA“Fascinating, beautifully illustrated and fun to read!”--Larry Korn, editor of Masanobu Fukuoka’s The One-Straw Revolution and Sowing Seeds in the Desert"A must have book in your library! Robert has always been able to make scientific fact and jargon readable, if not entertaining. Understanding Roots is no exception. Having found many rare drawings of excavated roots he presents many guidelines about how to place compost, mulch, fertilizer and water to make your garden thrive."--Rosalind Creasy, author of Edible Landscaping and 17 other gardening and cooking books“Sometimes in gardening, it’s what you don’t see that counts. So, unless you have x-ray vision, let the very knowledgeable Robert Kourik help you visualize—and improve—the root of the situation.”--Mike McGrath, host of Public Radio’s You Bet Your Garden and garden editor for WTOP in Washington, DC“Over the decades, author/researcher/contradictarian Robert Kourik has turned gardeners and farmers inside out with his scientific yet easily accessible books, including Understanding Roots: Discover How to Make Your Garden Flourish. You will have several ‘Whoa, I didn’t realize that!’ moments. This is an important book that will change the way you look at your plants, your soil, your fertilizers, and, especially, your watering habits.”--Fred Hoffman, producer/host, Get Growing with Farmer Fred radio shows, Sacramento, CA“Kourik does it again as he shares his investigations into what makes plants tick (hint, it’s subterranean).”--Ken Druse, radio host and author and photographer of twenty gardening books

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a review of the multitude of conservation concepts, both from a scientific, philosophical, and social science perspective, asking how we want to shape our relationships with nature as humans, and providing guidance on which conservation approaches can help us to do this.Nature conservation is a contested terrain and there is not only one idea about what constitutes conservation but many different ones, which sometimes are conflicting. Employing a conceptual and historical analysis, this book sorts and interprets the differing conservation concepts, with a special emphasis on narrative analysis as a means for describing humannature relationships and for linking conservation science to practice and to society at large. Case studies illustrate the philosophical issues and help to analyse major controversies in conservation biology. While the main focus is on Western ideas of conservation, the book also touches upon non-Western, including indigenous, concepts. Table of Contents1. Introduction2. Situating conservation: definitions, origins, and context3. Analysing conservation concepts4. Western and non-Western ideas of nature and nature conservation 5. Moving forward: which conservation concepts for which purposes?6. Conclusions and outlook

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Book SynopsisHow to decelerate loss of global biodiversity is one of the greatest challenges of our generation. Reproductive technologies have enormous potential to assist the recovery ofspecies by enhancing reproductive output, facilitating genetic management, and supporting reintroduction of threatened species. Of particular value are cryopreservation technologies coupled with the establishment of global gene banks to conserve, in perpetuity, the remaining extant genetic diversity of threatened amphibians.Reproductive Technologies and Biobanking for the Conservation of Amphibians brings together leading experts in the field to provide a comprehensive overview of current bestpractices, summarise technological advancements, and present a framework for facilitating the integration of reproductive technologies and biobanking into conservation breedingprograms for threatened amphibians. It is an invaluable reference for the next generation of conservation practitioners: Table of ContentsIntegrating Reproductive Technologies into the Conservation Toolbox for the Recovery of Amphibian Species. Status of Global Amphibian Declines and the Prioritisation of Species for Captive Breeding. Methods of Identifying the Sex of Amphibians and of Conditioning Captive Brood Stock for Assisted Reproduction. Hormonal Control of Amphibian Reproduction. Non-invasive Monitoring of Stress Physiology during Management and Breeding of Amphibians in Captivity. Ultrasound Imaging to Assess Female Reproductive Status and Inform Hormonally Induced Ovulation. Protocols for Hormone-Induced Spermiation, and the Cold Storage, Activation, and Assessment of Amphibian Sperm. Genetic Management of Threatened Amphibians; using Artificial Fertilisation Technologies to Facilitate Genetic Rescue and Assisted Gene Flow. Cryopreservation of Amphibian Genomes: Targeting the Holy Grail, Cryopreservation of Maternal-Haploid and Embryonic-Diploid Genomes. Culturing and Biobanking of Amphibian Cell Lines for Conservation Applications. Linking in-situ and ex-situ Populations of Threatened Amphibian Species using Genome Resource Banks. Genome Resource Banks as a Tool for Amphibian Conservation.

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Book SynopsisThe general notion of species is one of the most fundamental in biology. But an idea of species is also one of the most persistent unresolved obsessions of biologists, philosophers and theoreticians. This new book investigates the multifaceted problem species as a conceptual envelope of that notion. Contemporary conceptualists and evolutionary epistemology allow for a fresh look by analyzing the framework of history viewed as changes ordered by changing philosophical-scientific contexts. In this analysis, the species problem is characterized in a pluralistic non-trivial manner, in contrast to a more monistic accepted view.Key Features Provides new insights into the persistent species problem. Focuses on conceptual history and identifies pivotal landmarks in the history of the concept of species. Argues for a scientific consistency of species pluralism. Discusses the evolving specieTable of ContentsPREFACE INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1. THE SPECIES PROBLEM: IN BROAD STROKES ON A CONCEPTUAL HISTORICAL CANVAS 1.1. Developing cognitive situation 1.1.1. Structure of cognitive situation 1.1.2. Species, species concept, species problem 1.2. History on a conceptualistic account 1.3. A historical narrative of the species problem CHAPTER 2. ANTIQUE NATURAL PHILOSOPHY: SPECIES AS EIDOS 2.1. Classical period: the birth of genos and eidos 2.1.1. Plato’s eidology 2.1.2. Aristotle’s ousiology 2.1.3. Aristotelian polysemy: the problem arises 2.1.4. Theophrastus’ Enquiry into Plants 2.2. Neoplatonists: Porphyry's questions CHAPTER 3. THE MIDDLE AGES: SPECIES AS UNIVERSALIA 3.1. An eve of scholasticism: the beginning of genus and species 3.2. Realism: species really exists 3.3. Conceptualism: species concept refers to something real 3.4. Nominalism: species concept refers to nothing real 3.5. Genus-species scheme CHAPTER 4. THE RENAISSANCE AND THE EARLY MODERN TIMES: SPECIES AS CLASSIFICATION UNIT 4.1. The Renaissance turn and the "second" scholasticism 4.2. The early Modern Times: natural-classificatory dualism 4.3. The origin of systematics: species of the living 4.3.1. Herbal epoch as a precursor 4.3.2. From Cesalpino to Ray: a scholastic legacy 4.3.3. Tournefort and Linnaeus: disconnection of genus and species 4.3.4. Adanson, Jussieu, etc.: the birth of natural systematics 4.3.5. "Ladderists" against "Systemists" CHAPTER 5. THE MODERN TIMES: SPECIES AS BIOLOGICAL UNIT 5.1. The forerunners: initial routs of objectivation of biological species 5.1.1. Biblical motifs 5.1.2. Generative idea 5.2. The 19th century and beyond: biologization of the species problem 5.2.1. Evolutionary idea: species as an actor of biological evolution 5.2.2. Ecological idea: species as a component of ecosystem 5.3. Biosystematics and others: fall and rise of species 5.4. "Multiplication of essences": the kinds of species CHAPTER 6. THE CONTEMPORARY: THE NEWEST ISSUES 6.1. Species definition: a conceptual pyramid 6.2. Species ontology: new questions 6.3. The "new essentialism": an evolving specieshood? 6.4. If not species, then what? REFERENCES INDEX

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Book SynopsisThis book is a visual tour of Caribbean coral reefs between 1968 and 1978. They are the worldâs second largest coral reef community and the most threatened. The Caribbean Coral Reef: A Record of an Ecosystem Under Threat offers a priceless historical record made by a photographer who set out to document the major reef species when those reefs were at their prime. Today, coral reefs are under threat as never before and, sadly, most of what is shown in the book's photographs is now gone forever. It is only by comparing the images in this book with what we see now that we are able to fully recognize what we have lost. With its stunning photography and precise, accurate scientific information, this book offers students of coral reefs a wealth of information about this rich, fragile ecosystem. It is also written accessibly for non-academic visitors to the Caribbean reef or anyone interested in the earthâs creatures. Many of the invertebrates will be unfamiliar to Trade Review"This book is a priceless historical record of Caribbean coral reefs by a photographer who set out to document all the major reef species in the 1970s when the coral reefs were at their prime. No one will ever do that again, and most of what is shown in his photographs is now gone forever. I can personally confirm the accuracy of this book: I’ve dived on the reefs shown in this book for more than 65 years and saw the decline from start to finish… No other book available shows Caribbean coral reefs when they were at their best. It is only by comparing the images in this book with what they see now that people can recognize what we have lost. It is far more than they can imagine!"Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD, President of the Global Coral Reef Alliance, USA"The author’s excellent photographic skills convey clear concepts of processes and key aspects of species for identification. Bill Sacco is also skilful at writing in an engaging story-telling style while clearly and concisely communicating the essential scientific concepts. He has evidently consulted expert taxonomic specialists to confirm the living organisms in his photos are correctly identified and kept up with the latest scientific literature. As well as being the most up-to-date and accurate record of species names, this book has the best balance between species identification and ecological processes, all in a single pleasantly readable and illustrated guide. I also enjoy reading Sacco’s book because the chapters are about important distinct topics, rather than arranged as an inventory. Even after 52 years of research on coral reefs, I continue to learn things from his work!"Charles Birkeland, PhD, Affiliate Professor in the Graduate Program in Biology at University of Hawai’I Mãnoa and Professor Emeritus at the University of Guam, USA"This book is more than a visual epitaph to the coral reefs that existed throughout the Caribbean in the late 1960s and early 1970s; it is a call to arms. Whether as a science photographer or science teacher, Bill and I are both trying to tell compelling stories about the living world. We are still trying to connect the viewer’s heart to the viewer’s mind. The book now in your hands is in a publishing genre all its own. Like Haeckel’s monograph, it exists at the interface between art and science. Like the subject it portrays, it resists classification. Are corals: animal, mineral, or vegetable? Yes. Should this volume’s ISBN number come from the arts or the sciences? Yes. Will this book inspire both hearts and minds? Yes."James W. Porter, PhD, Meigs Professor of Ecology, University of Georgia, USA"Bill Sacco is not only a top rank photographer, but he has spent many hours working with, and talking to coral reef scientists. His own knowledge is strong, and he has access to the best coral reef researchers working in the Caribbean. I cannot imagine a person more qualified to write this kind of book. It should also be noted that difficult as fishes are to photograph, the images are amazing. Indeed, the first thing that will strike the reader is the exquisite photography; but the author is in a class by himself. Once the first impact of the astounding photography is accepted, the reader will be struck by the scientific integrity of the book. The Caribbean Coral Reef is a time machine, taking the reader back to when these reefs thrived. However, it is not simply an elegy to something gone forever; there is optimism that we may see these reefs again as they appear in this book."Robert A. Kinzie, PhD, Professor Emeritus of Biology at University of Hawai’I Mãnoa, USATable of ContentsForeword by James W. Porter. Introduction. 1. The Structure of a Reef. 2. The Shallow Reef. 3. Corals. 4. Invertebrates. 5. Fishes. 6. The Back-Reef. 7. The Hidden Reef. 8. The Reef at Night. Afterword/Acknowledgements. Appendix: Locality List, Common Names, Notes. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisAquatic plants play a critically important role in maintaining ecosystem health. They are natural biological filters in freshwater and estuarine wetlands; they contribute to the reproductive success of many organisms, some of which are harvested for food; they assist in flood control; and they are prominent elements in the aesthetics and recreational use of freshwater and estuarine habitats. Despite this globally recognized importance, wetlands have faced and continue to face threats from the encroachment of human activities. The Biology of Aquatic and Wetland Plants is a thorough and up-to-date textbook devoted to these plants and their interactions with the environment. The focus is on botanical diversity from the perspective of evolutionary relationships, emphasizing the role of evolution in shaping adaptations to the aquatic environment. By incorporating recent findings on the phylogeny of green plants, with special emphasis on the angiosperms, the text is broadly useful Table of ContentsChapter 1. Overview1.1 Importance of Aquatic and Wetland Plants1.2 What This Book is About1.2.1 Wetland Habitats Defined1.2.2 Aquatic and Wetland Plants Defined1.3 Growth Forms and Zonation of Aquatic and Wetland Plants1.3.1 Overview of Plant Anatomy1.3.2 Emergent Plants1.3.3 Floating-leafed Plants1.3.4 Submersed Plants1.3.5 Free-Floating Plants1.3.6 A Few Exceptions to the Above Classification1.3.7 ZonationChapter 2. Evolutionary Relationships Among Aquatic and Wetland Plants2.1 Why evolutionary history is important2.1.1 The Disorderliness of Taxonomic Organization 2.1.2 Reconstructing Evolutionary Trees2.2 The Green Plants as a Starting Point2.2.1 Charophytes2.2.2 Early Diverging Embryophytes – the Bryophyta2.2.3 Non-Angiosperm Tracheophytes2.3 Evolution and Diversification of the Angiosperms2.3.1 Nymphaeales2.3.2 Monocots2.3.3 Magnoliidae2.3.4 Ceratophyllales2.3.5 Eudicots2.4 Truly Aquatic Plants2.5 Taxonomic Diversity of Mangrove SpeciesChapter 3. Wetland Ecosystems and Plant Diversity 3.1 Major Wetland Types3.2 Global Tour of Wetlands and Plant Diversity3.2.1 The Pantanal, Brazil3.2.2 The Iberá Wetlands, Argentina3.2.3 Congo River Swamps, Republic of the Congo & Democratic Republic of the Congo3.2.4 Okavango Delta, Botswana3.2.5 Kakadu Wetlands, Australia3.2.6 Whangamarino Wetland, New Zealand3.2.7 The Sundarbans, India & Bangladesh3.2.8 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Wetlands, China3.2.9 Kolkheti Lowlands, Georgia3.2.10 Doñana National Park, Spain3.2.11 Boreal Peatlands, Canada3.2.12 The Everglades, Florida, United States3.2.13 Bottomland Forests, Mississippi, United States3.3 Global Patterns of Wetland Plant Diversity3.4 Global Threats to Wetland IntegrityChapter 4. Hydrology4.1 Overview of Wetland Hydrology4.2 Quantifying Hydrology with a Hydrologic Budget4.2.1 Precipitation and Interception4.2.2 Overland Flows4.2.3 Soil Water Flow and Groundwater Flow4.2.4 Evapotranspiration4.2.5 Change in Storage4.2.6 Hydroperiod Integrates the Hydrology Across TimeChapter 5. Critical Features of the Aquatic Environment5.1 Key Features of Water as a Medium for Plant Life5.1.1 Temperature and density relations of water5.1.2 Water as a Solvent5.2 Patterns of Light Availability5.2.1 Influence of Water on Light5.2.2 Influence of Dissolved and Suspended Materials on Light5.3 Carbon Dioxide Availability in the Water5.4 Oxygen Availability in the Water and Sediments5.4.1 Patterns of Oxygen in the Water and Sediments5.4.2 Redox Chemistry5.4.3 Anaerobic Microbial MetabolismChapter 6. Adaptations for Life in the Aquatic Environment6.1 Critical Limitations for Life in the Water6.2 Anaerobic/Hypoxic Physiology6.2.1 "Energy Crisis" Metabolism6.2.2 Ethylene Production and Signaling6.3 Aerenchyma6.4 Aeration Systems6.4.1 Aeration via Positive Pressure6.4.2 Aeration via Negative Pressure6.5 Radial Oxygen Loss6.6 Root Adaptations6.7 Rapid Shoot Elongation6.8 Heterophylly6.8.1 Factors Influencing Heterophylly6.8.2 Benefits of Heterophylly6.9 Modifications to Photosynthetic Metabolism6.9.1 C4 Photosynthesis6.9.2 CAM or AAM Photosynthesis6.9.3 Use of Bicarbonate6.9.4 Switching Among Photosynthetic Pathways and Intermediate PhenotypesChapter 7. Plant Nutrition and Sediment Biogeochemistry7.1 Plant Nutrition7.2 Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen as Essential Nutrients7.3 Methanogenesis and the Carbon Cycle7.4 Soil Macronutrients7.4.1 Nitrogen7.4.2 Phosphorus7.4.3 Other Soil Macronutrients7.5 Soil Micronutrients7.5.1 Influence of Redox Chemistry on Iron and Manganese7.5.2 Other Soil Micronutrients7.6 Plant Adaptations for Nutrient Access7.6.1 Nitrogen Fixing Symbionts7.6.2 Mycorrhizae7.6.3 Carnivorous PlantsChapter 8. Reproduction8.1 Plant Reproduction in the Context of Life History8.2 Sexual Reproduction in Plants8.2.1 Points of Potential Modification8.2.2 Pollination within Closed Flowers – Cleistogamy8.2.3 Pollination of Open Flowers8.2.3.1 Self-Pollination within Open Flowers - Autogamy8.2.3.2 Self-Pollination between Open Flowers - Geitonogamy8.2.3.3 Pollination by Animals8.2.3.4 Pollination by Wind8.2.3.5 Pollination by Water8.2.3.6 Pollination above the Water Surface8.2.3.7 Pollination on the Water Surface8.2.3.8 Pollination below the Water Surface8.2.4 Compatibility, Inbreeding, and Inbreeding Avoidance8.2.5 Fruit and Seed Development & Dispersal8.2.6 Dormancy and Germination8.2.7 Regeneration Niche8.3 Clonal Propagation in Aquatic and Wetland Plants8.3.1 Multiple Functionality of Asexual Propagules8.3.2 Types of Asexual Propagules8.3.2.1 Modified Buds8.3.2.2 Shoot Fragments8.3.2.3 Modified Shoots8.3.2.4 Modified Shoot Bases8.3.2.5 Modified Roots8.4 Balancing Sexual vs. Asexual ReproductionChapter 9. Population Biology & Evolutionary Ecology9.1 Population Biology in the Context of Evolution9.2 Population Biology 9.2.1 Density-Independent Population Growth9.2.2 Density-Dependent Population Growth9.2.3 Age- or Stage-Based Approaches9.3 Metapopulations: Populations of Populations9.4 Metapopulations, Local Adaptation, and Speciation9.4.1 Mechanisms of Divergence9.4.2 Examples from Aquatic and Wetland Ecosystems9.5 Evolutionary ecology9.5.1 Conservation Genetics9.5.2 HybridizationChapter 10. Species Interactions10.1 Interactions in the Context of Life History10.2 Competition (- -)10.2.1 A Formal Construct for Studying Competition 10.2.2 Quantifying Competition 10.3 Amensalism (- 0)10.4 Allelopathy in Aquatic and Wetland Plants10.4.1 Interplay between Allelopathy and Competition10.4.2 Quantifying Allelopathy in Wetlands10.5 Commensalism (+ 0)10.6 Exploitative Interactions (- +) 10.6.1 Herbivory10.6.2 Parasites and Pathogens of Aquatic and Wetland PlantsChapter 11. Plants in the Context of Wetland Ecosystems11.1 Putting it all Together11.2 Succession11.3 Disturbance11.4 Mitigation of Eutrophication by Wetland Plants11.5 Climate Change and Wetland Carbon Storage

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Book SynopsisSome animals and plants injure or kill millions of people annually, others cause trillions of dollars in property damage and loss. Such harmful species are understandably hated. However, the vast majority of the planet's millions of species are disliked simply because of how they look and act. This bias is endangering numerous species that play important roles in maintaining both the natural ecosystems and the human economies of the world. In Defense of the World's Most Despised Species examines the psychological motivations that lead people to make judgments about the attractiveness of species, noting the overwhelming importance of visual cues. It describes in considerable detail the physical and behavioral traits of species that lead us to love or hate them. Full color illustrations throughout present beautiful, charming animals and plants, species that seem loathsome, behavior of people in relation to such divergent species and their characteristics, and numerous explanatoTable of ContentsIntroduction and Chapter Summaries. The Cruel and Compassionate Sides of Human Nature. Human Prejudice against other Species (Speciesism). Size: The most Important Determinant of Human Prejudice against and Preference for Species. Visual Determinants of Human Prejudices against and Preferences for Species. Non-visual Determinants of Human Prejudices against and Preferences for Species. Symbolic Creatures: Reflections of Human Prejudices against and Preferences for Species. Indispensable Values of Species for Human Welfare. Extinction: How Biased Elimination of Species Endangers Humans. Bias and Prejudice in Species Conservation. Dealing with Dangerous Species. Reforming Agriculture: The Greatest Threat to Species. Reforming Urbanization: The Second Major Threat to Species. Advancing Technologies and the Fate of the World’s Species. In Defense of the World’s most Despised: Invertebrate ‘Bugs. ‘Lower’ Vertebrate Animals. Mammals. Toxic Plants. Agricultural Weeds. Environmental Weeds. Urban Weeds. Epilogue: Tolerant Co-existence vs. Justifiable Biocide.

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Book SynopsisThis second edition provides detailed practical information on important methods employed in the engineering of plant secondary metabolism pathways.Table of Contents1. Extraction and Analysis of Phenolic Compounds From Grape Berries Kamal Tyagi, Larry Lerno, Mirko De Rosso, Itay Maoz, Amnon Lichter, Susan E. Ebeler, and Riccardo Flamini 2. Construction of the UDP-glucose biosynthetic Enzyme Gene Co-Expression Plasmid For Prunasin Production in Escherichia coli Takuya Yamaguchi and Yasuhisa Asano 3. Histochemical Localization of Phenolic Compounds And Reactive Oxygen Species In Eucalypt Microcuttings Johnatan Vilasboa, Cibele Tesser da Costa, Jorge Ernesto de Araújo Mariath, and Arthur Germano Fett-Neto 4. A Bioinformatics Tool for Efficient Retrieval of High-Confidence Terpene Synthases (TPS) and Application to the Identification of TPS in Coffea and Quillaja Douglas S. Domingues, Liliane S. Oliveira, Samara M. C. Lemos, Gian C. C. Barros, and Suzana T. Ivamoto-Suzuki 5. Use of Catharanthus roseus Cell Cultures for the Synthesis Of Metal Nanoparticles Dandy Ahamefula Osibe and Hideki Aoyagi 6. Fungal Pigment Assisted Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis and their Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Potential Sharad Bhatnagar, Toshiro Kobori, Deepak Ganesh, and Hideki Aoyagi 7. Nuclei Enrichment from Sugarcane Stems for Proteomics Analyses Fernanda Salvato, Raquel Figueiredo, and Paulo Mazzafera 8. Visualization of Suberization and Lignification in Sugarcane Raquel Figueiredo, Juan Pablo Portilla Llerena, Bárbara Rocha Cardeli, and Paulo Mazzafera 9. Isolation of Promoters and Transcription Factors Involved In The Regulation of Lignin Biosynthesis in Saccharum species Juan Pablo Portilla Llerena, Raquel Figueiredo, Sávio Siqueira Ferreira, Igor Cesarino, and Paulo Mazzafera 10. Soapbark Triterpenes: Quillaja brasiliensis Cell Culture Sapogenin and Free Sterol Analysis by GCMS Yve V. S. Magedans and Michael A. Phillips 11. Generation of stable Catharanthus roseus hairy root lines with Agrobacterium rhizogenes Krystyna K. F. Traverse, Samuel Mortensen, Juliet G. Trautman, Hope Danison, Noreen F. Rizvi, and Carolyn W.T. Lee-Parsons 12. Analyzing the Distribution of Specialized Metabolites From Plant Native Tissues With Laser Desorption Low-Temperature Plasma Mass Spectrometry Imaging Abigail Moreno-Pedraza, Nancy Shyrley Garcia-Rojas and Robert Winkler 13. Virus-Induced Gene Silencing as a Tool to Study Regulation of Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Medicinal Plants Barunava Patra, Yongliang Liu, Joshua J. Singleton, Sanjay Kumar Singh, and Sitakanta Pattanaik, and Ling Yuan 14. Cyclotide isolation from Psychotria brachyceras and Psychotria leiocarpa Hélio Nitta Matsuura 15. Formulation of IMXQB: nanoparticles based on Quillaja brasiliensis saponins to be used as vaccine adjuvants Mariana Rivera-Patron, Samuel P. Cibulski, Iris Miraballes, and Fernando Silveira 16. Isolation of specialized plant cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting Joana G. Guedes, Ana Luísa Guimarães, Inês Carqueijeiro, Rui Gardner, Cláudia Bispo and Mariana Sottomayor 17. X-Ray Computed Tomography for 3D Anatomical Analysis of Resin Ducts Irenka Fabián-Plesníková, Franciele Antônia Neis, and Adolpho Herbert Augustin 18. Untargeted metabolomic analysis of non-volatile and volatile glucosinolates in Brassicaceae Yu LIU, Li ZOU, and Choon Nam ONG 19. Methods of mimosine extraction from Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit leaves Kelly Cristine da Silva Rodrigues-Corrêaa, Michael David Hideo Hondab, Dulal Borthakurb and Arthur G. Fett-Netoa 20. Microbial production, extraction, and quantitative analysis of isoprenoids Alessandro Satta, Zeyu Lu, Manuel R. Plan, Lygie Esquirol, and Birgitta E. Ebert

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Book SynopsisThis detailed volume explores the development of technologies and protocols that are currently being used to understand the nature and activities of the plant cytoskeleton. A focus for many of the chapters is on sample preparation, as the quality of plant organ/tissue preparation, from single to multicellular samples, determines the quality of the data. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, The Plant Cytoskeleton: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for researchers interested in or starting to be interested in plant cell and molecular biology research.Table of Contents1. Quantification of Microtubule Bundling Activity of MAPs Using TIRF Microscopy Sharol Schmidt-Marcec, Austin Ross, and Andrei Smertenko 2. Actin: Static and Dynamic Studies Huaqiang Ruan, Sha Zhang, Yi Zhang, and Haiyun Ren 3. 3D Visualization of Microtubules in Epidermal Pavement Cells Amir J. Bidhendi, Bara Altartouri, and Anja Geitmann 4. Quantitative Analysis of Microtubule Organization in Leaf Epidermis Pavement Cells Sandra Klemm, Jonas Buhl, Birgit Möller, and Katharina Bürstenbinder 5. Single Cell Confinement Methods to Study Plant Cytoskeleton Pauline Durand-Smet, Antoine Chevallier, Léia Colin, Alice Malivert, Isaty Melogno, and Olivier Hamant 6. Documentation of Microtubule Collisions with Myosin VIII ATM1 Containing Membrane-Associated Structures Eduard Belausov, Vikas Dwivedi, Sela Yechezkel, Sefi Bar-Sinai, and Einat Sadot 7. Imaging the Plant Cytoskeleton by High-Pressure Freezing and Electron Tomography Janice Pennington and Marisa S. Otegui 8. Confocal Microscopic Assays of Mitotically Active Proteins in an Agrobacterial Infiltration-Based, Cell Division-Enabled Leaf System of Tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) Yuh-Ru Julie Lee, Calvin H. Huang, and Bo Liu 9. Assessment of Spindle Shape Control by Spindle Poleward Flux Measurements and FRAP Bulk Analysis Sabine Müller 10. Expansion Microscopy of Plant Cells (PlantExM) Timothy J. Hawkins, Joanne L. Robson, Bethany Cole, and Simon J. Bush 11. Microfluidic Device for High-Resolution Cytoskeleton Imaging and Wash Out Assays in Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens Mari W. Yoshida and Elena Kozgunova 12. Using Spinning Disk Microscopy to Observe the Mitotic and Cytokinetic Apparatus in Physcomitrium patens Yuji Hiwatashi and Takashi Murata 13. Gaining Insight into Large Gene Families with the Aid of Bioinformatic Tools Fatima Cvrčková and Radek Bezvoda 14. Cell-to-Cell Connectivity Assays for the Analysis of Cytoskeletal and Other Regulators of Plasmodesmata Zoe Barr and Jens Tilsner 15. Studying Nuclear Dynamics in Response to Actin Disruption In Planta Joseph F. McKenna and Katja Graumann 16. Cytoskeleton Remodelling in Arabidopsis Stigmatic Cells Following Pollination Lucie Riglet and Isabelle Fobis-Loisy 17. Investigation of ROP GTPase Activity and Cytoskeleton Dynamics during Tip Growth in Root Hairs and Pollen Tubes Lei Zhu and Ying Fu 18. Functional Analysis of Phospholipid Signaling and Actin Dynamics: The Use of Apical Growing Tobacco Pollen Tubes in a Case Study Teresa Braga, Fernando Vaz Dias, Marta Fratini, Susana Serrazina, Ingo Heilmann, and Rui Malhó 19. Microtubule Reorganization during ABA-Induced Stomatal Closure in Arabidopsis Liru Dou, Xiangfeng Wang, and Tonglin Mao 20. Imaging of Cortical Microtubules in Plants under Salt Stress Shuwei Wang, Liyuan Xu, Changjiang Li, Lei Zhu, Ying Fu, and Yan Guo 21. Analysis of Actin Array Rearrangement during the Plant Response to Bacterial Stimuli Bingxiao Wang, Minxia Zou, Qing Pan, and Jiejie Li 22. Live-Cell Imaging of Cytoskeletal Responses and Trafficking during Fungal Elicitation Amber J. Connerton, Stefan Sassmann, and Michael J. Deeks 23. Visualization and Quantification of the Dynamics of Actin Filaments in Arabidopsis Pollen Tubes Qiaonan Lu, Xiaonan Liu, Xiaolu Qu, and Shanjin Huang 24. Non-Invasive Long-Term Imaging of the Cytoskeleton in Arabidopsis Seedlings Felix Ruhnow, Staffan Persson, and René Schneider 25. Visualization of Cytoskeleton Organization and Dynamics in Elongating Cotton Fibers by Live-Cell Imaging Guangda Wang, Yanjun Yu, and Zhaosheng Kong 26. Methods to Visualize and Quantify Cortical Microtubule Arrays in Arabidopsis Conical Cells Xie Dang, Lilan Zhu, Huibo Ren, and Deshu Lin 27. Studying the Organization of the Actin Cytoskeleton in the Multicellular Trichomes of Tomato Zhijing Xu, Xiaolu Qu, Shuang Wu, and Pengwei Wang 28. Light Microscopy Technologies and the Plant Cytoskeleton Timothy J. Hawkins 29. Investigating Plant Protein-Protein Interactions Using FRET-FLIM with a Focus on the Actin Cytoskeleton Patrick Duckney and Patrick J. Hussey

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Book SynopsisPigments act as tracers to elucidate the fate of phytoplankton in the world's oceans and are often associated with important biogeochemical cycles related to carbon dynamics in the oceans. They are increasingly used in in situ and remote-sensing applications, detecting algal biomass and major taxa through changes in water colour. This book is a follow-up to the 1997 volume Phytoplankton Pigments in Oceanography (UNESCO Press). Since then, there have been many advances concerning phytoplankton pigments. This book includes recent discoveries on several new algal classes particularly for the picoplankton, and on new pigments. It also includes many advances in methodologies, including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and developments and updates on the mathematical methods used to exploit pigment information and extract the composition of phytoplankton communities. The book is invaluable primarily as a reference for students, researchers and professionals in aquatic science,Trade Review'… an outstanding reference book on marine phytoplankton pigments, their analyses and biogeochemistry. It will become the quality benchmark for marine chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments over the next decade.' Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin'Roy et al. have produced an extremely valuable update to an already classic treatise on phytoplankton pigments … there is something for everyone engaged in modern phytoplankton pigment research and this edition will certainly serve as a trusty bench pal to all those individuals active in the field. However, do not let the book out of your sight, your colleagues will never return it if borrowed.' Nick Welschmeyer, Journal of PhycologyTable of ContentsList of contributors; Preface; Acknowledgements; List of symbols; Part I. Chlorophylls and Carotenoids: 1. Microalgal classes and their signature pigments S. W. Jeffrey, S. W. Wright and M. Zapata; 2. Recent advances in chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis R. J. Porra, U. Oster and H. Scheer; 3. Carotenoid metabolism in phytoplankton M. Lohr; Part II. Methodology Guidance: 4. New HPLC separation techniques J. L. Garrido, R. L. Airs, F. Rodríguez, L. Van Heukelem and M. Zapata; 5. The importance of a quality assurance plan for method validation and minimizing uncertainties in the HPLC analysis of phytoplankton pigments L. Van Heukelem and S. B. Hooker; Appendix: a symbology and vocabulary for an HPLC lexicon S. B. Hooker and L. Van Heukelem; 6. Quantitative interpretation of chemotaxonomic pigment data H. W. Higgins, S. W. Wright and L. Schlüter; 7. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for pigment analysis R. L. Airs and J. L. Garrido; 8. Multivariate analysis of extracted pigments using spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods J. Neveux, J. Seppälä and Y. Dandonneau; Appendix: a proven simultaneous equation assay for chlorophylls a and b using aqueous acetone and similar assays for recalcitrant algae R. J. Porra; Part III. Water-Soluble 'Pigments': 9. Phycobiliproteins K.-H. Zhao, R. J. Porra and H. Scheer; 10. UV-absorbing 'pigments': mycosporine-like amino acids J. I. Carreto, S. Roy, K. Whitehead, C. Llewellyn and M. O. Carignan; Part IV. Selected Pigment Applications in Oceanography: 11. Pigments and photoacclimation processes C. Brunet, G. Johnsen, J. Lavaud and S. Roy; 12. Pigment-based measurements of phytoplankton rates A. Guttierez-Rodriguez and M. Latasa; 13. In vivo bio-optical properties of phytoplankton pigments G. Johnsen, A. Bricaud, N. Nelson, B. B. Prézelin and R. R. Bidigare; 14. Optical monitoring of phytoplankton bloom pigment signatures G. Johnsen, M. A. Moline, L. H. Pettersson, J. L. Pinckney, D. V. Pozdnyakov, E. S. Egeland and O. M. Schofield; Appendix: harmful algae toxins and pigments E. S. Egeland; Part V. Future Perspectives: 15. Perspectives on future directions C. Llewellyn, S. Roy, G. Johnsen, E. S. Egeland, M. Chauton, G. Hallegraeff, M. Lohr, U. Oster, R. J. Porra, H. Scheer and K.-H. Zhao; Part VI. Aids for Practical Laboratory Work: Appendix A. Update on filtration, storage and extraction solvents J. L. Pinckney, D. F. Millie and L. Van Heukelem; Appendix B. The pigment analyst's guide to HPLC hardware A. R. Neeley, C. S. Thomas, S. B. Hooker and L. Van Heukelem; Appendix C. Minimum identification criteria for identifying phytoplankton pigments E. S. Egeland; Appendix D. Phytoplankton cultures for standard pigments and their suppliers S. Roy, S. W. Wright and S. W. Jeffrey; Appendix E. Commercial suppliers of phytoplankton pigments E. S. Egeland and L. Schlüter; Part VII. Phytoplankton Pigments Data Sheets E. S. Egeland; Index.

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