Biotechnology Books

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Book SynopsisCOVID-19 and Omics Technologies is a comprehensive, integrative assessment of recent information and knowledge collected on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 during the pandemic based on omics technologies. It demonstrates how omics technologies could better investigate the infectious disease and propose solutions to the current concerns.The value of multi-omics technologies in understanding disease etiology and host response, discovering infection biomarkers and illness prediction, identifying vaccine candidates, discovering therapeutic targets, and tracing pathogen evolution is discussed in this book. These factors combine to make it a valuable resource to enhance understanding of both Omics technology and COVID-19 as a disease. The book covers the most recent understanding of COVID-19 and the applications of cutting-edge studies, making it accessible to a large multidisciplinary readership.The book explains how high-throughput technologies and systems biology might assist to Table of ContentsClinical and Epidemiological Context Of COVID-19. NGS technologies for detection of SARS-CoV-2 strains and mutations. Mass-spectrometry techniques for detection of COVID-19 viral and host proteins using naso-oropharyngeal swab and plasma. Targeted proteomic approaches in context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Metabolomics: Role in pathobiology and therapeutics of COVID-19. Protein microarrays for COVID-19 research: biomarker discovery, humoral response & vaccine targets. COVID-19 pathogenesis and host immune response. Putative role of multi-omics technologies in the investigation of the persistent effects of COVID-19 on vital human organs. Insights on interactomics driven drug repurposing to combat COVID-19. Spectroscopy methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Role of AI and ML in empowering and solving problems linked to COVID-19 pandemic.

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Book SynopsisOptogenetics represents a breakthrough technology capable of dynamically modulating molecular and cellular activity in live cells with high precision. This transformative technology made it possible to reversibly interrogate protein actions, cellular events, and animal behaviors with a simple flash of light. Manipulating the temporal and spatial profile of light enabled precise control of membrane potentials. This feature has inspired non-opsin-based optogenetics, which not only inherits the precise spatiotemporal resolution but also expands the targets into a diverse pool of biomolecules such as membrane receptors, ion channels, kinases, GTPases, and transcription factors. This book is unique because it emphasizes the design and applications of opsin-free optogenetic tools. Key Features Describes new developments in non-opsin-based optogenetic tools Introduces cutting-edge methods for precise modulation of cell signaling Trade Review “This book differs markedly from these other, more general volumes by virtue of its concentration on next generation, non-opsin photo-switches. The result is a focused, highly informative, yet compact and easy-to-read volume that offers a model for how these works should be constructed.” Doody Review Peter J. Kennelly, PhD (Virginia Tech) Table of ContentsTable of Content Chapter 1 Optogenetic dissection of a two-component calcium influx pathway Xiaoxuan Liu, Yingshan Wang, Yubin Zhou, and Guolin Ma* Chapter 2 High-throughput engineering of a light-activatable Ca2+ channel Lian He*, Liuqing Wang, and Youjun Wang* Chapter 3 Optogenetic activation of TrkB signaling Peiyuan Huang, Zhihao Zhao, Lei Lei, and Liting Duan* Chapter 4 Spatiotemporal modulation of neural repair Huaxun Fan, Qin Wang, Kai Zhang*, and Yuanquan Song* Chapter 5 Optogenetic control of neural stem cell differentiation Yixun Su, Taida Huang, Kai Zhang, and Chenju Yi* Chapter 6 An optogenetic toolbox for remote control of programmed cell death Ningxia Zhang and Ji Jing* Chapter 7 Control of protein levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by optogenetic modules that act on protein synthesis and stability Sophia Hasenjäger, Jonathan Trauth, and Christof Taxis* Chapter 8 Optogenetics as a tool to study neurodegeneration and signal transduction Prabhat Tiwari* and Nicholas S. Tolwinski* Chapter 9 Opsin-free optogenetics: brain and beyond Jongryul Hong, Yeonji Jeong, and Won Do Heo* Chapter 10 Constructing a far-red light-induced split-Cre recombinase system for controllable genome engineering Meiyan Wang, Jiali Wu, and Haifeng Ye* Chapter 11 Tools and Technologies for Wireless and Non-invasive Optogenetics Guangfu Wu, Vagif Abdulla, Yiyuan Yang, Michael Schneider, and Yi Zhang*

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Book SynopsisThis book describes various methods of decontamination and how the methods work. There is a discussion of the various cleaning and disinfection methods utilized, along with details of how to qualify these methods. It also describes new technologies that may be useful in the battle for decontamination across industries. Finally, this book provides a single resource on how one can address contamination issues for a variety of manufacturing processes and industries. Explores new technologies that may be useful in the battle for decontamination Examines various methods of decontamination and how the methods work Addresses contamination issues for a variety of manufacturing processes and industries Describes how to detect contaminants as well as how to deal with contaminants that are present Table of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Disinfectants and Biocides Chapter 3 Disinfecting Agents: The Art of Disinfection Chapter 4 The Microbiome and Its Usefulness to Decontamination/ Disinfection Practices Chapter 5 Disinfectant Qualification Testing Considerations for Critical Manufacturing Environments Chapter 6 Methods for Contamination Detection Chapter 7 Residue Removal in Cleanroom Environments Chapter 8 Microbiological Concerns in Non-Sterile Manufacturing Chapter 9 Preservatives and Why They Are Useful Chapter 10 The Problem of Burkholderia cepacia Complex (BCC) in Your Facility Chapter 11 What Is Mold and Why Is It Important? Chapter 12 Sterilization Methods

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Book SynopsisLearn how AI and data science are upending the worlds of biology and medicine In Silico Dreams: How Artificial Intelligence and Biotechnology Will Create the Medicines of the Future delivers an illuminating and fresh perspective on the convergence of two powerful technologies: AI and biotech. Accomplished genomics expert, executive, and author Brian Hilbush offers readers a brilliant exploration of the most current work of pioneering tech giants and biotechnology startups who have already started disrupting healthcare. The book provides an in-depth understanding of the sources of innovation that are driving the shift in the pharmaceutical industry away from serendipitous therapeutic discovery and toward engineered medicines and curative therapies. In this fascinating book, you'll discover: An overview of the rise of data science methods and the paradigm shift in biology that led to the in silico revolutionAn outline of the fundamental breakthroughs in AI and deep learning and their applications across medicineA compelling argument for the notion that AI and biotechnology tools will rapidly accelerate the development of therapeuticsA summary of innovative breakthroughs in biotechnology with a focus on gene editing and cell reprogramming technologies for therapeutic developmentA guide to the startup landscape in AI in medicine, revealing where investments are poised to shape the innovation base for the pharmaceutical industry Perfect for anyone with an interest in scientific topics and technology, In Silico Dreams also belongs on the bookshelves of decision-makers in a wide range of industries, including healthcare, technology, venture capital, and government.Table of ContentsIntroduction xvii Chapter 1 The Information Revolution’s Impact on Biology 1 A Biological Data Avalanche at Warp Speed 5 Tracking SARS-CoV-2 with Genomic Epidemiology 11 Biology’s Paradigm Shift Enables In Silico Biology 17 Transitions and Computation in Cancer Research 18 Structural Biology and Genomics 24 Sequencing the Human Genome 27 Computational Biology in the Twenty-First Century 33 Applications of Human Genome Sequencing 35 Analyzing Human Genome Sequence Information 37 Omics Technologies and Systems Biology 40 Chapter 2 A New Era of Artificial Intelligence 53 AI Steps Out of the Bronx 55 From Neurons and Cats Brains to Neural Networks 58 Machine Learning and the Deep Learning Breakthrough 66 Deep Learning Arrives for AI 73 Deep Neural Network Architectures 75 Deep Learning’s Beachhead on Medicine: Medical Imaging 78 Limitations on Artificial Intelligence 83 Chapter 3 The Long Road to New Medicines 91 Medicine’s Origins: The Role of Opium Since the Stone Age 96 Industrial Manufacturing of Medicines 102 Paul Ehrlich and the Birth of Chemotherapeutic Drug Discovery 108 The Pharmaceutical Industry: Drugs and War—New Medicines in the Twentieth Century 112 From Synthetic Antibiotics to the Search for New Drugs from the Microbial World 116 Developing Therapeutics for Cancer 119 Antifolates and the Emergence of DNA Synthesis Inhibitors 120 Antibiotics as Cancer Chemotherapeutic Drugs 123 Immunotherapy 125 The Pharmaceutical Business Model in the Twenty-First Century 126 R&D Productivity Challenges Within the Pharmaceutical Industry 131 Sources of Pharmaceutical Innovation: Biotechnology and New Therapeutic Modalities 135 Chapter 4 Gene Editing and the New Tools of Biotechnology 145 Molecular Biology and Biological Information Flow 150 Manipulating Gene Information with Recombinant DNA Technology 154 Genetics, Gene Discovery, and Drugs for Rare Human Diseases 160 Second-Generation Biotechnology Tools: CRISPR- Cas9 and Genome Editing Technologies 167 Human Genome Editing and Clinical Trials 171 Biotechnology to the Rescue: Vaccine Development Platforms Based on Messenger RNA 179 Chapter 5 Healthcare and the Entrance of the Technology Titans 189 Digital Health and the New Healthcare Investment Arena 191 Assessing the Tech Titans as Disruptors in Healthcare 195 Alphabet: Extending Its Tentacles Into Healthcare with Google and Other Bets 196 Apple Inc: Consumer Technology Meets Healthcare 200 Amazon: Taking Logistics to the Next Level for Delivering Healthcare 204 Echoes of the Final Frontier 207 Chapter 6 AI-Based Algorithms in Biology and Medicine 211 Recognizing the Faces of Cancer 217 Tumor Classification Using Deep Learning with Genomic Features 222 AI for Diseases of the Nervous System: Seeing and Changing the Brain 229 Regulatory Approval and Clinical Implementation: Twin Challenges for AI-Based Algorithms in Medicine 234 Chapter 7 AI in Drug Discovery and Development 245 A Brief Survey of In Silico Methods in Drug Discovery 247 Virtual Screening with Cheminformatics and HTS Technologies 250 AI Brings a New Toolset for Computational Drug Design 252 AI-Based Virtual Screening Tools 257 Generative Models for De Novo Drug Design 257 A New Base of Innovation for the Pharmaceutical Industry 259 Atomwise 261 Recursion Pharmaceuticals 262 Deep Genomics 262 Relay Therapeutics 263 Summary 265 Chapter 8 Biotechnology, AI, and Medicine’s Future 269 Building Tools to Decipher Molecular Structures and Biological Systems 272 AlphaFold: Going Deep in Protein Structure Prediction 274 Predicting Genome 3D Organization and Regulatory Elements 276 AI Approaches to Link Genetics-Based Targets to Disease 277 Quantum Computing for In Silico Chemistry and Biology 278 Neuroscience and AI: Modeling Brain and Behavior 280 Brain Information Processing and Modularity: Climbing a Granite Wall 283 Engineering Medicines with Biotechnology and AI 289 Glossary 295 Index 303

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Book SynopsisModern biotechnologies give us unprecedented control of the fundamental building blocks of life. For designers, across a range of disciplines, emerging fields such as synthetic biology offer the promise of new sustainable materials and structures which may be grown, are self-assembling, self-healing and adaptable to change. While there is a thriving speculative discourse on the future of design in the age of biotechnology, there are few realized design applications.This book, the first in the Bio Design series, acts as a bridge between design speculation and scientific reality and between contemporary design thinking, in areas such as architecture, product design and fashion design, and the traditional engineering approaches which currently dominate biotechnologies. Filled with real examples, Living Construction reveals how living cells construct and transform materials through methods of fabrication and assembly at multiple scales and how designers can utilize these pTrade Review"This inspiring and informative book asks how we might construct material structures using biology. Its author, an architect and qualified synthetic biologist, is uniquely able to combine ambitious design and down-to-bench realism. Constructed around ideas – of life, of design, of fabrication – the book provides an ideal springboard to a biological architecture grounded, not in conceptual fantasies, but on what might really be achieved."Jamie A. Davies, Professor of Experimental Anatomy, University of Edinburgh"Living Construction is a readable synthesis of important principles for the new field of biodesign, written by someone with graduate training in both architecture and synthetic biology. Dade-Robertson clearly knows the details but has the gift of extrapolating these into accurate yet broad generalities. While design and biology each has its disciplinary theories and practices, this book distills sound principles for their intersection in biodesign, offering a very useful contemporary map for practitioners in the arts and sciences. I especially admire his answer to his own question, 'where is the information in biological assembly?', for how it addresses multiple scales simultaneously. This is a key primer for all students in biodesign."Christina Cogdell, Professor, University of California at DavisTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. The designs of the natural 3. The logic of living assembly 4. Fabrication in the living 5. Conclusion: the craft of living construction

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Book SynopsisTransform your ideas into commercial biomedical products, and start your own business, with this updated second edition. Containing over 25% brand new material, this book combines real-world case studies with industry tips to walk you step-by-step through the process of commercialization.Trade Review'The first edition of the book was one of the first textbooks related to commercialization of biomedical products and it also provided the most comprehensive coverage related to this topic at the time. This second edition is a timely update of this work and also includes content related to starting new ventures.' Juergen Hahn, Professor and Department Head, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Leader of the Biomedical Engineering Society's Council of Chairs 2023'This long-awaited 2nd edition is a must-read for anyone wishing to successfully lead, manage and support the highly regulated development process for biomedical innovation. The book illustrates in a systematic and structured way the technical and business aspects required for the commercialization of new biomedical technologies. Read this book - and learn from one of the best!' Heidrun Flaadt Cervini, Director and Founder of Center of Advanced Studies on Entrepreneurship in BioMedicine (CASE BioMed), Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland'Bringing early-stage life science innovations from the lab to the market, and into the hands of patients, is both critically important and fraught with risk. This book is a comprehensive resource that should help many of these innovations cross the so-called 'valley of death' more quickly and effectively.' Orin Herskowitz, Senior Vice President for Applied Innovation and Industry Partnerships for Columbia University, Executive Director of Columbia Technology Ventures (CTV) and Adjunct Professor at Columbia's Business and Engineering Schools'It was thrilling to see that a book of this nature and sophistication exists. I wish I had been able to read it before I transitioned from academia to the private sector. It should be required reading for anyone thinking of starting a biotechnology company, and it is a useful reference for many of the subtleties and complexities of this industry that most participants in the past have had to learn from the school of hard knocks.' Charles Cantor, Professor Emeritus, University of BostonTable of Contents1. The biomedical device and drug industry and their markets learning points; 2. Markets of interest and market research steps learning points; 3. Starting up your company; 4. Intellectual property and licensing; 5. New product development (NPD); 6. The regulated market: gateway through the FDA learning points; 7. Manufacturing; 8. Reimbursement, marketing, sales, and product liability learning points.

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Book SynopsisA globalization of innovation has produced the most massive spurt in biotechnology in world history. Businesses, universities, and non-governmental organizations are collaborating to produce a science-industrial complex in biotechnology. Using case studies of stem cell research, cloning, genetically modified food, in-vitro fertilization, and chimeras in a number of Eastern and Western countries around the world, I argue that much of this biotech activity is global in nature and independent of state control. This shift in the relative influence of state and non-state actors has led to the virtual deregulation of biotechnology and the liberation of innovation from geo-political constraints. These trends post a number of interesting social, political, and ethical issues for the contemporary period and suggest the need to rethink how controversial moral issues are handled by the science-industrial complex.Trade Review"Darrell West gives us a lucid guidebook to the ethical and policy conflicts in global biotechnology." - John A. Robertson, University of Texas Law School"In a globalized world there are surprisingly few efforts to present a multisectorial and multicultural analysis of biotechnology. Darrell West has succeeded in presenting a stimulating analysis of the way different cultures in geography and profession have constructed a public policy that will shape the 21st and bio-century." - Darryl Macer, Ph.D., Regional Adviser in Social and Human Sciences for Asia and the Pacific, Regional Unit for Social and Human Sciences in Asia and the Pacific (RUSHSAP)Table of ContentsPreface * The Globalization of Innovation * Science-Industry Collaboration * In-Vitro Fertilization and Assisted Reproductive Technology * Genetically Modified Food * Cloning * Stem Cell Research * Chimeras * Whose Ethical Standards?

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Book SynopsisComprehensive resource covering new technologies, materials, strategies, and recent advancements in the field of biosensing Biomedical Sensors summarizes cutting-edge technologies in biosensing, including gene editing (known as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat or CRISPR), quorum sensing utilizing inter and intra cell signals, two-dimensional (2D) materials and aptamer-mediated sensor designs, and more, with additional coverage of the latest materials, strategies, and advancements made in the field. Chapters are categorized on the basis of various bio-recognition elements that include aptamer, nucleic acid, enzymes, antibodies, bacteriophages, peptides, and molecular imprinted polymers. Plasmonic, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, colorimetric, fluorescence, electrochemical, magneto and piezo-electric biosensor sensing techniques are also considered. The roles of various nanomaterials, advancement in synthesis, signal enhancement strategie

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Book SynopsisResearch into the field of stem cell biology has developed exponentially over recent years, and is beginning to offer significant promise for unravelling the molecular basis of a multitude of disease states. Importantly, in addition to offering the opportunity to delve deeply into the mechanisms that drive disease aetiology the research is realistically opening the doors for development of targeted and personalized therapeutic applications that many considered, until recently, to be nothing more that a far fetched dream. This volume provides a timely glimpse into the methods that have been developed to instigate, and the mechanisms that have been identified to drive, the process of nuclear reprogramming, chronicling how the field has developed over the last 50-60 years. Since the early 1950s a small number of notable experiments have provided significant impetus to the field, primarily the demonstration of reprogramming ability, first by the complex cytoplasmic milieu that constitutes the amphibian egg, then that of the mammalian egg, and finally that of the mammalian embryonic stem cell. Most recently, the demonstration that a limited pool of defined molecules is capable of reprogramming a multitude of cell types has provided massive impetus and facilitated transition towards realistic therapeutic application. We have therefore reproduced some of the key articles that elegantly document these dramatic stages of development of the field in an inclusive appendix to the book, for the benefit of readers keen to investigate the history of how the field of stem cell biology has evolved. Owing to the ever broadening nature of this field, and the incredible rate at which it is evolving, the main content of this volume focuses on areas that have shown significant movement in recent years, are most likely to translate into personalized therapeutic application, and thus provide greatest potential for significant impact on human health in the not too distant future. We recognize that research into many other disease states and cell types are all equally worthy of discussion. We would therefore like to acknowledge those researchers involved whose work we have not been able to include in this volume. Nuclear Reprogramming and Stem Cells will serve as a valuable resource for all researchers in the field of stem cell biology, including those just setting out on their career path as well as those already established in the field.Table of ContentsIntroduction by John Gurdon and Azim Surani.- Introduction by Ian Wilmut.- Inherent Nuclear Reprogramming in Mammalian Embryos.- Epigenetic Reprogramming During Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer and the Development of Primordial Germ Cells.- Epigenetic Reprogramming with Oocyte Molecules.- Cell Fusion-Mediated Nuclear Reprogramming of Somatic Cells.- Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Somatic Cells.- The Consequences of Reprogramming a Somatic Cell for Mitochondrial DNA Transmission, Inheritance and Replication.- The Function of Nanog in Pluripotency.- The Function of Oct3/4 and Sox2 in Pluripotency.- Generation of Neural Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells.- Non-Cell Autonomous Reprogramming Towards a Pluripotent State.- Towards Regeneration of Retinal Function Using Pluripotent Stem Cells.- Reprogramming Towards Pancreatic beta-Cells.- Pancreatic Plasticity and Reprogramming – Novel Directions Towards Disease Therapy.- Phenotype and Developmental Potential of Cardiomyocytes from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Human Embryonic Stem Cells.- The Generation of Disease Specific Cell Lines and Their Use for Developing Drug Therapies.- Advances in the Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells.- Culture adaptation of pluripotent stem cells: challenges and opportunities.- Epilogue.

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Book SynopsisShow your students how amazing it can be to just “see what will happen” when they blend biology, engineering, and serendipity. Focusing on innovations sparked by accidental or unexpected observations, the case studies in this resource are a lively way to integrate engineering and experimentation into your biology classes. Middle and high school students will learn fundamental science processes while using their natural curiosity to explore ideas for new applications and products. They’ll also find out that small, plant-eating mammals called pikas helped scientists find new ways to survive extreme weather events and that algae can be used as airplane fuel.The book’s 20 easy-to-use investigations help you do the following: Use real-world case studies to bring accidental inspirations to life. Each investigation starts with an actual scientific discovery that students explore through primary documents or historical accounts. Let students be the innovators. The investigations task your classes to investigate biological concepts, do research, examine data, create models, and use their own personal ideas to design new products or problem-solving applications. Apply the material in flexible, interesting ways. You can implement the investigations in part or as a whole, and you can use them to teach one or more science concepts while exposing students to the unpredictable nature of science. Students will be intrigued by investigations with titles such as “Vindicating Venom: Using Biological Mechanisms to Treat Diseases and Disorders” and “Revealing Repeats: The Accidental Discovery of DNA Fingerprinting.” Discovery Engineering in Biology is not only ideal for the classroom. It’s also perfect for informal education at STEM camps, science centers, and more. You’ll help your students see that just as there is no one way to do science, there are many paths that lead to innovations in engineering. And who knows what might happen? Maybe your students will engineer the next amazing survival product inspired by pikas!

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Book SynopsisThe development of transgenic crops is revolutionary, but what does it mean for food production, prices and the environment? This is the first book to examine the economic evidence in a methodical way. It initially describes the historical evolution of biotechnology and defines key terms, before moving on to explore transgenic technology and food regime concepts. The book analyzes genetically modified organism (GMO) policy as part of overall agrarian policy, considering neoregulation in the USA, the EU, Brazil, Russia, China, India, South Africa and Serbia; as well as discussing agricultural performance, support and trade relations. The effect of transgenic food production on world food prices is also examined, along with food security at global and regional levels, and the links between GMOs and world hunger. The environmental implications of transgenic technology are considered through analysis of pesticide and fertilizer usage and efficiency, and pesticide consumption in GMO and non-GMO producing countries. Finally, the book considers the entry of transgenic ingredients into the food chain and lists the products affected. Key features: - Detailed analysis of economic data. - Comparison of international trends, including BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) and Serbia. - Evaluation of environmental and food security implications. - Glossary of important terms. This book will be valuable for agricultural economists, including students at Masters and PhD level. It will also be of interest to agricultural engineers, food technologists, nutritionists, industry representatives, policy makers, policy advisers and analysts and NGOs.Table of Contents1: Ancient, Classical and Modern Biotechnology 2: Genetically Modified Foods in the Light of Food Regimes 3: Does Transgenic Food Production Affect World Food Prices? 4: Food Security and GMOs 5: Is GMO Farming an Eco-Friendly Choice? 6: GMOs: What are We Eating?

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Book SynopsisAttitudes to GM crops continue to generate tension, even though they have been grown commercially for over 20 years. Negative sentiment towards their development limits their adoption in Western countries, despite there being no evidence of harm to human health. These unfounded concerns about genetically modified crops have also inhibited uptake in many countries throughout Africa and Asia, having a major impact on agricultural productivity and preventing the widespread cultivation of potentially life-saving crops. GM Crops and the Global Divide traces the historical importance that European attitudes to past colonial influences, aid, trade and educational involvement have had on African leaders and their people. The detrimental impact that these attitudes have on agricultural productivity and food security continues to be of growing importance, especially in light of climate change, drought and the potential rise in sea levels - the effects of which could be mitigated by the cultivation of GM and gene-edited crops. Following on from her previous books Genes for Africa, GM Crops: The Impact and the Potential and Food for Africa, Jennifer Thomson unravels the reasons behind these negative attitudes towards GM crop production. By addressing the detrimental effects that anti-GM opinions have on nutrition security in developing countries and providing a clear account of the science to counter these attitudes, she hopes to highlight and ultimately bridge this global divide.Table of Contents1: Genetically Modified Organisms make their entrance 2: GM crops arrive on the scene 3: The West's stand on GM crops 4: GM crops made in Africa for Africa by Africans 5: Learning from economists 6: How to bust myths and the importance of communication 7: Countries that got it right and why 8: To label or not to label, that is the question 9: The West versus Africa 10: The West versus the Rest 11: Conclusions

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Book SynopsisAlgae are sunlight-driven cell factories, and can efficiently absorb CO2 and convert light energy to chemical energy such as lipid, starch and other carbohydrates and release O2. Algal feedstock is a promising resource for bioproduct production, given its high photosynthetic efficiency for producing biomass compared to conventional crops. Microalgae can be used for flue-gas and wastewater bioremediation. This book highlights recent breakthroughs in the multidisciplinary areas of algal biotechnology and the chapters feature recent developments from cyanobacteria to eukaryotic algae, from theoretical biology to applied biology. It also includes the latest advancements in algal-based synthetic biology, including metabolic engineering, artificial biological system construction and green chemicals production. With contributions by leading authorities in algal biotechnology research, it is a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers in the field, and those involved in the study of photosynthesis and green-cell factories.

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Book SynopsisAuthored by a leading voice in the field,Machine Learning for Healthcareprovides a gateway to revolutionize the understanding of medicine and patient care.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a novel molecular description for understanding the regulatory mechanisms behind the autonomy and self-organization in biological systems. Chapters focus on defining and explaining the regulatory molecular mechanisms behind different aspects of autonomy and self-organization in the sense of autonomous coding, data processing, structure (mass) formation and energy production in a biological system. Subsequent chapters discuss the cross-talk among mechanisms of energy, and mass and information, transformation in biological systems. Other chapters focus on applications regarding therapeutic approaches in regenerative medicine. Molecular Mechanisms of Autonomy in Biological Systems is an indispensable resource for scientists and researchers in regenerative medicine, stem cell biology, molecular biology, tissue engineering, developmental biology, biochemistry, biophysics, bioinformatics, as well as big data sciences, complexity and soft computing.Table of Contents1. Relativity of Code, Energy, and Mass versus Relativi-ty of Energy and Mass2. Molecular Mechanism of Coding and Autonomous Decision Making in Biological Systems3. Molecular mechanism of self-organization in biologi-cal systems4. Molecular mechanism of self-fueling in biological systems by relativity of code, energy, and mass5. Relativity of code, energy, and mass: Molecular mechanisms of autonomy in biological systems 6. Molecular mechanism of autonomy and self-organization: an emergent concept for the future of biomedical sciences7. ConclusionIndex

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Book SynopsisThis open access book presents simple, robust pre-field screening protocols that allow plant breeders to screen for enhanced tolerance to heat stress in rice. Two critical heat-sensitive stages in the lifecycle of the rice crop are targeted – the seedling and flowering stages – with screening based on simple phenotypic responses. The protocols are based on the use of a hydroponics system and/or pot experiments in a glasshouse in combination with a controlled growth chamber where the heat stress treatment is applied. The protocols are designed to be effective, simple, reproducible and user-friendly. The protocols will enable plant breeders to effectively reduce the number of plants from a few thousands to less than 100 candidate individual mutants or lines in a greenhouse/growth chamber, which can then be used for further testing and validation in the field conditions. The methods can also be used to classify rice genotypes according to their heat tolerance characteristics. Thus, different types of heat stress tolerance mechanisms can be identified, presenting opportunities for pyramiding different (mutant) sources of heat stress tolerance. Table of ContentsGeneral Introduction.- Screening Protocols for Heat Tolerance in Rice at the Seedling and Reproductive Stages.- Validation of Screening Protocols for Heat Tolerance in Rice.- Conclusion.- References.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook introduces marine biotechnology by collecting the key knowledge on genetics, fish breeding, genetic diversity, seaweed production and microalgae biotechnology, and explores marine biomaterials and how they can benefit human health. Covering the latest applications of marine biotechnology in natural product development, genomics, transgenic technology, cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceutical development, it particularly focuses on future biological resources, developing functional materials from marine life, production of marine bioenergy and marine microbial resources and biotechnology. The author explains the structure of the book in an introductory note, and each chapter offers a detailed overview and conclusion to help readers better grasp the acquired knowledge. Lastly, the final part provides a comprehensive glossary with brief explanations of the key concepts in marine biotechnology. Written by a leading expert in the field with more than 30 years of teaching experience, this book broadens students’ understanding of the basics and recent developments in marine biotechnology.Table of ContentsWhat is Marine Biotechnology?.- Introduction to Molecular Biology.- Fish Genetics.- Fish Breeding and Biotechnology.- Genetic Diversity and DNA Markers in Fish.- Seaweed Biotechnology.- Microalgae, a Biological Resource for the Future.- Developing Functional Materials with Marine Organisms.- Marine Bioenergy Production.- Marine Natural Substances.- Marine Microorganism Resources and Biotechnology.- Index.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook presents solid tools for in silico engineering biology, offering students a step-by-step guide to mastering the smart design of metabolic pathways. The first part explains the Design-Build-Test-Learn-cycle engineering approach to biology, discussing the basic tools to model biological and chemistry-based systems. Using these basic tools, the second part focuses on various computational protocols for metabolic pathway design, from enzyme selection to pathway discovery and enumeration. In the context of industrial biotechnology, the final part helps readers understand the challenges of scaling up and optimisation. By working with the free programming language Scientific Python, this book provides easily accessible tools for studying and learning the principles of modern in silico metabolic pathway design. Intended for advanced undergraduates and master’s students in biotechnology, biomedical engineering, bioinformatics and systems biology students, the introductory sections make it also useful for beginners wanting to learn the basics of scientific coding and find real-world, hands-on examples.Table of Contents1. Introduction to engineering biology 1.1. The engineering waves of biology: genetic, genomics, systems and synthetic 1.2. Industrial biotechnology in revolutions 1.3. The present: Design-Build-Test-Learn foundries 1.4. The future: automation, cloud biotechnology and artificial intelligence 2. Understanding the cell: genome-scale engineering 2.1. Systems biology models 2.2. Model reconstruction from omics to big data 2.3. Model simulation through constraint-based approaches 2.4. Modeling dynamics 3. Sources of natural chemical diversity 3.1. Understanding the mechanisms of enzyme innovation and adaptation 3.2. Knowledge-based encodings for chemical reactions 3.3. Modeling enzyme promiscuity using reaction rules and molecular signatures 3.4. Enumerating chemical diversity 4. Enzyme discovery and selection 4.1. Discovery through sequence homology 4.2. Discovery through reaction homology 4.3. Screening and selection through directed evolution 5. The metabolic space 5.1. Metabolic phenotypes 5.2. The metabolic spaces of the biosphere 5.3. Extended, non-natural and outer metabolic spaces 6. Pathway discovery 6.1. Defining chemical targets 6.2. Retrosynthetic analysis of the metabolic scope 6.3. Pathway enumeration 6.4. Pathway ranking 7. Pathway design 7.1. Pathway selection 7.2. Enzyme selection 7.3. Genetic parts selection 7.4. Combinatorial design 7.5. Experimental design 8. Chassis redesign 8.1. Knock-outs 8.2. Knock-ins 8.3. Knowledge-based redesign 9. Learning and adaptation 9.1. Principles of machine learning 9.2. Deep learning 9.3. Smart parts selection 9.4. Smart experimental redesign 10. Scaling-up and derivatization 10.1. Scale-up 10.2 Derivatization 10.3 Agile biodesign

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Book SynopsisThis textbook covers all the steps in manufacturing a biomedical product from bench to bedside. It specifically focuses on quality assurance and management and explains the different good practice principles in the various phases of product development as well as how to fulfill them: Good laboratory practice, good manufacturing practice and good clinical practice. It provides readers with the know-how to design biomedical experiments to ensure quality and integrity, to plan and conduct standard preclinical studies and to assure the quality of the final manufactured biomedical products. Importantly, it also addresses ethical concerns and considerations.The book discusses the guidelines and ethical considerations for preclinical and clinical studies, to allow readers to identify safety concerns regarding biomedical products and to improve pre-clinical studies for the development of better products.This textbook is a valuable guide for biomedical students (B.Sc., M.S., and Ph.D. students) in the field of molecular medicine, medical biotechnology, stem cell research and related areas, as well as for professionals such as quality control staff, tissue bankers, policy-makers and health professionals.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book explores major bioethical issues emerging from the development and use of artificial intelligence in medical settings. The authors start by defining the past, present and future of artificial intelligence in medical settings and then proceed to address the resulting common and specific bioethical inquiries. The book discusses bioethical inquiries in two separate sets. The first set is comprised of ontological discussions mainly focusing on personhood and being an ethical agent of an artefact. The second set discusses bioethical issues resulting from the use of artificial intelligence. It focuses particularly on the area of artificial intelligence use in medicine and health services. It addresses the main challenges by considering fundamental principles of medical ethics, including confidentiality, privacy, compassion, veracity and fidelity. Finally, the authors discuss the ethical implications of involvement of artificial intelligence agents in patient care by expanding on communication skills in a case-based approach. The book is of great interest to ethicists, medical professionals, academicians, engineers and scientists working with artificial intelligence.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. What is Artificial Intelligence?.- 2.1. Definitions.- 2.2. History.- 2.3. State of play and future prospects.- 3. Bioethical inquiries about artificial intelligence.- 3.1. Bioethical issues common to weak and strong artificial intelligence.- 3.2. Bioethical issues resulting from strong artificial intelligence.- 3.2.1. Ontological discussions.- 3.2.2. Consequential discussions.- 4. Medicine and artificial intelligence.- 4.1. Use of artificial in health services.- 4.2. Main challenges in medical ethics.- 4.2.1. Confidentiality and privacy.- 4.2.2. Compassion, veracity and fidelity.- 4.2.3. Communication skills and case based approach.- 5. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.By 2050, human population is expected to reach 9.7 billion. The demand for increased food production needs to be met from ever reducing resources of land, water and other environmental constraints. Rice remains the staple food source for a majority of the global populations, but especially in Asia where ninety percent of rice is grown and consumed. Climate change continues to impose abiotic and biotic stresses that curtail rice quality and yields. Researchers have been challenged to provide innovative solutions to maintain, or even increase, rice production. Amongst them, the ‘green super rice’ breeding strategy has been successful for leading the development and release of multiple abiotic and biotic stress tolerant rice varieties. Recent advances in plant molecular biology and biotechnologies have led to the identification of stress responsive genes and signaling pathways, which open up new paradigms to augment rice productivity. Accordingly, transcription factors, protein kinases and enzymes for generating protective metabolites and proteins all contribute to an intricate network of events that guard and maintain cellular integrity. In addition, various quantitative trait loci associated with elevated stress tolerance have been cloned, resulting in the detection of novel genes for biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Mechanistic understanding of the genetic basis of traits, such as N and P use, is allowing rice researchers to engineer nutrient-efficient rice varieties, which would result in higher yields with lower inputs. Likewise, the research in micronutrients biosynthesis opens doors to genetic engineering of metabolic pathways to enhance micronutrients production. With third generation sequencing techniques on the horizon, exciting progress can be expected to vastly improve molecular markers for gene-trait associations forecast with increasing accuracy. This book emphasizes on the areas of rice science that attempt to overcome the foremost limitations in rice production. Our intention is to highlight research advances in the fields of physiology, molecular breeding and genetics, with a special focus on increasing productivity, improving biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and nutritional quality of rice.Table of Contents1 Advances in Genetics and Breeding of Rice: An Overview2 Strategies for engineering photosynthesis for enhanced plant biomass production3 Green super rice (GSR) traits: Breeding and genetics for multiple biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in rice4 Advances in two-line heterosis breeding in rice via the temperature-sensitive genetic male sterility system5 Growing rice with less water: improving productivity by decreasing water demand6 Crop establishment in direct-seeded rice: traits, physiology and genetics7 Genetics and Breeding of Heat Tolerance in Rice8 Genetics and Breeding of Low-temperature stress tolerance in rice 9 Arsenic stress responses and accumulation in rice10 Molecular approaches for Disease Resistance in Rice11 Molecular approaches for insect pest management in rice12 Doubled Haploids in Rice improvement: Approaches, Applications and Future prospects13 Zinc-biofortified rice: a sustainable food-based product for fighting zinc malnutrition14 Biofortification of Rice Grains for Increased Iron Content

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Book SynopsisThis textbook shall introduce the students to 3D cell culture approaches and applications. An overview on existing techniques and equipment is provided and insight into various aspects and challenges that researchers need to consider and face during culture of 3D cells is given. The reader will learn the importance of physiological cell, tissue and organ models and gains important knowledge on 3D analytics. This textbook deepens selected aspects of the textbook “Cell Culture Technology”, which also is published in this series, while offering extended insight into 3D cell culture. The concept of the textbook encompasses various lectures ranging from basics in cell cultivation, tissue engineering, biomaterials and biocompatibility, in vitro test systems and regenerative medicine. The textbook addresses Master- and PhD students interested and/or working in the field of modern cell culture applications and will support the understanding of the essential strategies in 3D cell culture and waken awareness for the potentials and challenges of this application.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction to 3D cell culture.- Chapter 2. Lab equipment for 3D cell culture.- Chapter 3. A view from the cellular perspective.- Chapter 4. Biological, natural and synthetic 3D matrices.- Chapter 5. Hydrogels for 3D cell culture.- Chapter 6. Vascularization in 3D cell culture.- Chapter 7. Application of scaffold-free 3D models.- Chapter 8. 10. Microfluidic Systems and Organ (Human) on a Chip.- Chapter 9. 3D-Bioprinting.- Chapter 10. Non-destructive and label-free monitoring of 3D cell constructs.

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces the fundamentals of biobanking and guides through the practical planning thereof, with a special focus on the situation in low- and middle-income countries. On the example of the setup of a Ukrainian biobank the book discusses the main steps and aspects of successful biorepository implementation and management. Topics covered include collection, storage and shipping of samples, establishment of an IT system, development of a sustainability plan, and project and risk management. Furthermore, the importance of the formation of international biobanking societies such as the Ukraine Association of Biobanks is highlighted, and their main objectives and tasks are discussed.The book addresses life science and business professionals as well as national authorities who are interested in biobanking in general and in setting up a biobank in particular. Table of Contents1. Introduction1.1. Literature Review1.1.1. Definition of biobanks1.1.2. Problems and the destitution for principle1.2 Scientific relevance of biobanks. Examples of biobanks1.2.1. Types of biobanks1.3. Ethical and legal principles1.4. Biobank management model and sustainability plan 1.4.1. SWOT analysis1.4.2. The mission1.5. Concepts specific for developing countries2. Methods2.1. Questionnaire: Survey development and content, participant selection2.2. Interviews: market analysis2.3. Team meetings: Development and implementation3. Results and summary of findings3.1. Step I: Ethics and law in the Ukraine Biobank3.1.1. Ethical regulations3.1.2. Access Policy3.2. Step II: Collection and Management of Samples3.2.1. Clarification of Conditions of Shipment of Samples3.2.2. Clinical Collection3.3. Step III: Risk Management and Biobanking3.4. Step IV: Quality Management and Quality Control. Quality Control Samples and SOP`s3.4.1. Quality Control Samples and SOP3.5. Step V: Governance and Stakeholder analysis3.6. Biobanking IT system3.6.1. Data base structure3.6.2. Web application3.7. Ukraine Biobank management model and sustainability plan3.7.1. Ukraine Biobank management model3.7.2. Sustainability plan and Project management3.8. Established Biobank in Ukraine Association3.9. Development and Progress of Ukraine’s Biobank Network3.10. The way to standardization3.11. Sample Access Policy3.12. Science and Innovation of Ukraine Association of Biobank4. Discussion5. Conclusion 6. List of figures7. References8. Internet Sources

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Book SynopsisThis open access short reader offers a critical review of the debates on the transformation of migration and gendered mobilities primarily in Europe, though also engaging in wider theoretical insights. Building on empirical case studies and grounded in an analytical framework that incorporates both men and women, masculinities, sexualities and wider intersectional insights, this reader provides an accessible overview of conceptual developments and methodological shifts and their implications for a gendered understanding of migration in the past 30 years. It explores different and emerging approaches in major areas, such as: gendered labour markets across diverse sectors beyond domestic and care work to include skilled sectors of social reproduction; the significance of families in migration and transnational families; displacement, asylum and refugees and the incorporation of gender and sexuality in asylum determination; academic critiques and gendered discourses concerning integration often with the focus on Muslim women. The reader concludes with considerations of the potential impact of three notable developments on gendered migrations and mobilities: Black Lives Matter, Brexit and COVID-19. As such, it is a valuable resource for students, academics, policy makers, and practitioners.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Gender and Migration: an Introduction.- Chapter 2: Gendered Migrations and Conceptual Approaches: Theorising and Researching Mobilities.- Chapter 3: Gendered Labour.- Chapter 4: Transnational Families, Intimate Relations, Generations.- Chapter 5: Gendering Asylum.- Chapter 6: Engendering Integration and Inclusion.- Chapter 7: Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThe main practical breakthrough of this century is nanobiotechnology, an amalgamation of biology and nanotechnology based on the standards and methods of metabolism. The field mainly involves the analysis, synthesis and the links between molecular biology, nutritional science and nanotechnology. In addition, the field involves the links between other life sciences branches, since the improvement of nanotechnology strategies might be directed by considering the structure and the capability of nanoparticles present in the living cells. This book is a comprehensive evaluation of the latest nanobiotechnological developments, with an emphasis on applications, especially in aquaculture. It outlines, in-depth, modern techniques, and includes a variety of important sources that make this the perfect resource for researchers in this captivating world of nanobiotechnology.Table of Contents​​PrefaceChapter 1: Simple Basics of Aquaculture Nanosciences Research: A Thorough IntroductionDr. Iddaya Karunasagar Senior Fish Safety and Quality Specialist, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Food & Agriculture Organisation of UNChapter 2: Current Nanotechnology Developments in the Aquaculture IndustryAhmed A. Tayel, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences Kafrelsheikh University Kafr El Sheikh EgyptChapter 3: Aquatic Nanodrug DeliveryWindell, D, University of Exeter, United KingdomChapter 4: Nanosensors Used in AquacultureJixiang Fang, Xi’an Jiaotong University, ChinaChapter 5: Alarming Viral Pathogens in Shrimp Industry and NanotechnologyJeyachandran Sivakamavalli, Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South KoreaChapter 6: Bioenrichment of Planktons in Aquaculture through Nanotechnological ApproachesSivakamavalli, Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South KoreaKiyun Parka, Ihn-Sil Kwaka, Faculty of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of KoreaChapter 7: Water Purification and Bioremediation NanotechnologiesN. H. Rao, National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Hyderabad, IndiaChapter 8: The Challenge of Nanotechnology-Derived FoodHarjinder Singh, Riddet Institute, Massey University, New ZealandChapter 9: Nanoengineered Particles in Seafood: Their Concentration Level and their KineticsYing-Chou Lee, National Taiwan University, TaiwanChapter 10: Harvested Fish Management and Commercialization PackagingJH Han, The University of Manitoba, CanadaChapter 11: Nanotechnologies in Aquaculture Health IssuesMatheus D.Baldissera, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisThis much-needed book is the first definitive volume on Euglena in twenty-fire years, offering information on its atypical biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, and potential biotechnology applications. This volume gathers together contributions from well-known experts, who in many cases played major roles in elucidating the phenomenon discussed. Presented in three parts, the first section of this comprehensive book describes novel biochemical pathways which in some instances have an atypical subcellular localization. The second section details atypical cellular mechanisms of organelle protein import, organelle nuclear genome interdependence, gene regulation and expression that provides insights into the evolutionary origins of eukaryotic cells. The final section discusses how biotechnologists have capitalized on the novel cellular and biochemical features of Euglena to produce value added products. Euglena: Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology will provide essential reading for cell and molecular biologists with interests in evolution, novel biochemical pathways, organelle biogenesis and algal biotechnology. Readers will come away from this volume with a full understanding of the complexities of the Euglena as well as new realizations regarding the diversity of cellular processes yet to be discovered. Table of ContentsPart I Biochemistry and Physiology.- Chapter 1 Evolutionary Origin of Euglena.- Chapter 2 The Mitochondrion of Euglena gracilis.- Chapter 3 C2 Metabolism in Euglena.- Chapter 4 Biochemistry and Physiology of Reactive Oxygen Species in Euglena. Chapter 5 Biochemistry and Physiology of Vitamins in Euglena .- Chapter 6 Biochemistry and Physiology of Heavy Metal Resistance and Accumulation in Euglena.- Part II Cell and Molecular Biology.- Chapter 7 Euglena gracilis Genomes and Transcriptome: Organelles, Nuclear Genome Assembly Strategies, Initial Features.- Chapter 8 Euglena transcript processing.- Chapter 9 Photo and Nutritional Regulation of Euglena Organelle Development.- Chapter 10 Protein targeting to Euglena chloroplasts.- Chapter 11 Photomovement in Euglena.- Chapter 12 Gravitaxis in Euglena.- Part III Biotechnology.- Chapter 13 Wax Ester Fermentation and Its Application for Biofuel Production.- Chapter 14 Large-scale Cultivation of Euglena.

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Book SynopsisBiomedical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles Unique resource focusing on biomedical applications and clinical translation of extracellular vesicles in science and medicine Focusing on key points to better understand extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their development, Biomedical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles describes in detail the biogenesis of EVs, the mechanism of intercellular communication, and the treatment of various diseases of EVs and the EV-based drug delivery platforms. An application-oriented resource, the work presents rapidly newer biomedical and clinical applications of natural and engineered EVs such as drug delivery, diagnosis, prognosis monitoring, immunotherapy, and more. The first part of this book provides a basic background on EVs. Next, the book introduces the excellent therapeutic effects of EVs themselves and the underlying mechanisms, followed by how EVs from different sources were used to construct drug delivery platforms. The latest research on EVs from leading groups around the world is presented. Sample topics covered in Biomedical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles include: Biogenesis of various EVs Pros and cons of the different instrumental and methodological developments for analytical strategies applied to EVs EVs in treatment of major diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases Current methods of engineering EVs, and a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of each method Biomaterials, such as hydrogels, scaffolds, and microneedles, that have been developed to further enhance the therapeutic efficacy of EVs Key challenges, such as quality control, scalability, and biosafety, that limit the clinical and industrial translation of EVs Explaining in detail how extracellular vesicles are produced and engineered, along with potential applications and commercial developments of EVs in science and industry, Biomedical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles is an essential resource on the subject for chemists, cell biologists, and molecular physicists.Table of ContentsPreface xi 1 Extracellular Vesicles and Their Biomedical Applications: An Overview 1 Xing-Jie liang, Ke Cheng, and Zhenhua li 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Biogenesis and Composition of Extracellular Vesicles 1 1.3 Biological Functions of Extracellular Vesicles 2 1.4 Extracellular Vesicles Isolation and Limitations 3 2 Biogenesis and Identification of Extracellular Vesicles 5 Dandan Ding, Xing Zhang, Yu Zhao, Xiaoya Li, Qingqing Leng, and Zhenhua li 2.1 Biogenesis of Extracellular Vesicles 5 2.1.1 Biogenesis of Exosome 6 2.1.2 Biogenesis of Microvesicle 8 2.1.3 Biogenesis of Apoptotic Bodies 8 2.1.4 Biogenesis of Large Oncosomes 9 2.2 Identification of Extracellular Vesicles 9 2.2.1 Electron Microscopic Identification 9 2.2.1.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy 9 2.2.1.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy 10 2.2.1.3 Atomic Force Microscopy 11 2.2.1.4 Cryo-Electron Microscopy 12 2.2.2 Particle Size Detection 13 2.2.2.1 Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis 13 2.2.2.2 Dynamic Light Scattering 14 2.2.3 Surface Protein Assay 16 2.2.3.1 Protein Immunoblotting Method 17 2.2.3.2 Nano-Flow Cytometry 19 2.2.3.3 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay 19 2.2.4 Other Methods 21 2.2.4.1 Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing 21 2.2.4.2 Single EV Analysis Technique 22 2.2.4.3 Micronuclear Magnetic Resonance 23 References 24 3 Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles from Different Cell Sources 35 Xueyi Wang and Zhenhua li 3.1 Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Stem Cells (SCs) 35 3.1.1 Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) 37 3.1.1.1 Kidney Injury 38 3.1.1.2 Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (MI/RI) 38 3.1.1.3 Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) 39 3.1.1.4 Cancer 40 3.1.2 Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) 40 3.1.3 Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) 41 3.1.4 Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Cardiac Progenitor Cells (CPCs) and Other Stem Cells 41 3.2 Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Immune Cells 42 3.2.1 Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Macrophages 42 3.2.2 Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Dendritic Cells (DCs) 44 3.2.3 Extracellular Vesicles Derived from T Cells 45 3.2.4 Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Natural Killer (NK) Cells 46 3.3 Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Cancer Cells 47 3.4 Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Plants 49 3.4.1 Anti-inflammatory 49 3.4.2 Anticancer 50 3.4.3 Antibacterial 51 3.4.4 Antioxidation 51 References 51 4 Biomedical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in Treatment of Disease 59 Fei Wang, Jiacong Ai, Ziyang Zhang, Yuanhang li, and Zhenhua li 4.1 Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 60 4.2 Metabolic Diseases 67 4.3 Cardiovascular Diseases 74 4.4 Respiratory Diseases 85 4.5 Cancers 88 4.6 Conclusion and Perspectives 93 References 94 5 Applications of Engineered Extracellular Vesicles 101 Lanya li, Yingxian Xiao, Shushan Mo, and Zhenhua li 5.1 Engineering EVs for Cargo Loading 101 5.1.1 Endogenous Loading 101 5.1.2 Exogenous Loading 104 5.2 Engineering EVs for Surface Modification 106 5.2.1 Genetic Engineering 106 5.2.2 Chemical Modification 108 5.2.3 Hydrophobic Membrane Engineering 109 References 111 6 Current Technology for Production, Isolation, and Quality Control of Extracellular Vesicles 117 Dandan Han, Yichuan Ma, Yujing Hu, and Zhenhua li 6.1 Production of EVs 117 6.1.1 Three-Dimensional Culture 117 6.1.2 Physical Stimulation 119 6.1.3 Chemical Stimulation 120 6.1.4 Physiological Modification 120 6.1.5 Genetic Manipulation 121 6.2 Extraction of EVs 122 6.2.1 Separation Strategies of EVs 123 6.2.2 Ultracentrifugation Approach 123 6.2.2.1 Differential Ultracentrifugation 123 6.2.2.2 Isopycnic and Moving-Zone Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation 125 6.2.3 Ultrafiltration Approach 125 6.2.4 Size-Exclusion Chromatography 127 6.2.5 Polymer Precipitation Strategy 128 6.2.6 Immunoaffinity Capture Approach 128 6.2.7 Microfluidic Technology 129 6.2.8 Other Methods 131 6.3 Quality Control of EVs 132 6.3.1 Transmission Electron Microscopy 133 6.3.2 High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry 134 6.3.3 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay 134 6.3.4 Fourier-Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy 135 6.3.5 Capillary Electrophoresis 135 6.3.6 Nanoparticles Tracking Analysis 136 6.3.7 Flow Cytometer 137 6.3.8 Other Techniques 138 References 140 7 Prospects and Limitations of Clinical Application of Extracellular Vesicles 147 li Luo, Weirun li, and Zhenhua li 7.1 Application of Exosomes as Liquid Biopsy in Clinical Diagnosis 147 7.2 Exosomes—It has Become a Star Molecule in Disease Diagnosis 147 7.2.1 Exosomes Could Be Used as Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarkers in Cancer 150 7.2.2 Exosomes Biopsy Strategies were Proposed to Target the Different Cancers 152 7.2.2.1 Pancreatic Cancer 152 7.2.2.2 Gastric Cancer 152 7.2.2.3 Lung Cancer 152 7.2.2.4 Breast Cancer 153 7.2.2.5 Liver Cancer 153 7.2.2.6 Ovarian Cancer 153 7.2.2.7 Melanoma 154 7.2.2.8 Colon Cancer 154 7.2.2.9 Glioma 155 7.2.3 Exosomes in Clinical Trial for Cancer Biopsy 155 7.3 The Commercial Application of Exosomes 158 7.3.1 Tumor Therapy 158 7.3.2 Lung Infection and ARDS Treatment 158 7.3.3 Cardiovascular Disease Treatment 160 7.3.4 Liver and Kidney Injury Treatment 160 7.3.5 Ophthalmology Treatment 160 7.3.6 Cartilage Injury Treatment 161 7.3.7 Other Treatments 161 7.3.8 Engineering of Exosome Delivery 161 7.3.9 Skin Repair and Medical Skincare Products 164 7.4 Commercial Development of Exosomes 166 7.4.1 Analysis of Representative Companies of Exosomes 168 7.4.1.1 ExoCoBio 168 7.4.1.2 Direct Biologics 168 7.4.1.3 Tianjin Exocrine Science and Technology 169 7.4.1.4 TheraXyte 170 7.4.1.5 Exosome Diagnostics 170 7.4.1.6 Codiak 171 7.4.1.7 Evox 171 7.4.1.8 EVerZom 171 7.5 Issues and Challenges 172 7.5.1 Quality Control 172 7.5.2 Storage Stability 172 7.5.3 Product Safety 173 7.5.4 Drug-Forming Properties of Engineered Exosomes 173 References 174 8 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 181 Xing-Jie liang, Ke Cheng, and Zhenhua li 8.1 Summary and Conclusions 181 8.2 General Trends and Developments 182 8.2.1 EVs in Drug Delivery 182 8.2.2 Engineered EVs in Biomedical Applications 183 8.2.3 EVs for Clinical Applications When Comparing with Liposomes 184 8.3 Challenges for Future Research 185 8.3.1 Standardization and Quality Control 185 8.3.2 Scalability and Manufacturing 185 8.3.3 Targeting and Biodistribution 186 8.3.4 Safety and Toxicity 186 8.3.5 Regulatory Challenges 186 8.3.6 Heterogeneity of EV Populations 187 8.3.7 Understanding the Role of EVs in Disease Progression and Development 187 Index 189

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Book SynopsisThis book is an introduction to the world of aroma chemicals, essential oils, fragrances and flavour compositions for the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. Present technology, the future use of resources and biotechnological approaches for the production of the respective chemical compounds are described. The book has an integrated and interdisciplinary approach on future industrial production and the issues related to this topic.Table of ContentsGüntert: The Flavour and Fragrance Industry – Past, Present and Future.- Müller: Flavours: The Legal Framework.- German: Olfaction, where Nutrition, Memory and Immunity Intersect.- Baser: Chemistry of Essential Oils.- Juliani: Bioactivity of Essential Oils and their Components.- Rouseff: Citrus Flavour.- Christensen: Fruits and Vegetables of Moderate Climate.- Pastore: Tropical Fruit Flavour.- Verpoorte: Vanilla.- Christoph and Christoph: Flavour of Spirit Drinks – Composed by Raw Materials, Fermentation, Distillation, and Ageing.- Fischer: Wine aroma.- Mottram: The Maillard Reaction: Source of Flavour in Thermally Processed Foods.- van der Schaft: Chemical Conversions of Natural Precursors.- Buckenhueskes: Industrial Quality Control.- Blank and Nitz: Advanced Instrumental Analysis & Electronic Noses.- Grosch: Gas Chromatography–Olfactometry (GCO) of Aroma Compounds.- Mosandl: Enantioselective and Isotope Analysis – Key Steps to Flavour Authentication.- Reineccius: Flavour Isolation Techniques.- Crespo: Aroma Recovery by Organophilic Pervaporation.- van Soest.- Encapsulation of Fragrances and Flavours: A Way to Control Odour and Aroma in Consumer Products.- Krammer: Creation and Production of Liquid and Dry Flavours.- Schreier: Enzymes and Flavour Biotechnology.- Schrader: Microbial Flavour Production.- Larroche: Microbial Processes.- Scragg: The Production of Flavours by Plant Cell Cultures.- Schwab: Genetic Engineering of Plants and Microbial Cells for Flavour Production

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Book SynopsisCrop production in greenhouses is a growing industry, especially in mild climates, and is very important for the population as a source of income and clean, fresh food. Greenhouses create optimal climate conditions for crop growth and protect crops from outside pests. At the same time greenhouse production increases water use efficiency and makes integrated production and protection (IPP) possible. This book provides technical instructions for practice (what to do and what not to do) and gives answers to the question: How to produce more clean crops and better quality with less water, less land and less pesticide. Suitable greenhouse constructions and their design, adapted to local climates in subtropical, tropical and arid regions and infrastructure conditions are presented. The necessary climate control measures - light transmittance, ventilation, cooling, heating, and CO2 enrichment - and physical measures for pest control, as well as methods for using solar energy to desalinate salty water are described. The results of theoretical research are transferred into methods for practical use, so that readers are equipped to solve their problems in practice as well as to get stimulation for further research and development.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Climate conditions and classification.- Crop growth requirement and climate control.- General design criteria for greenhouses.- Greenhouse constructions.- Light transmittance of greenhouses.- Cladding material.- Greenhouse components, mounting, installation and maintenance.- Ventilation.- Insect screening.- Cooling.- Heating.- Crop water requirement and water use efficiency.- Rain water collection and storage. Desalination of salty water and closed system greenhouse.- CO2 enrichment.- References.- Annexes.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook introduces the industrial production and processing of natural resources. It is divided into six major topics (fats and oils, carbohydrates, lignin, terpenoids, other natural products, biorefinery), which are divided into a total of 20 chapters.Each chapter is self-contained and therefore a compact learning unit, which can be worked on by students in self-study or presented by lecturers. Clear illustrations, flow diagrams, apparatus drawings and photos facilitate the understanding of the subject matter. All chapters end with a succinct summary, the "Take Home Messages". Each chapter is supplemented by ten short test questions, which can be solved quickly after working through the chapter; the answers are at the end of the book. All chapters contain bibliographical references that focus on essential textbooks and reference works. As a prior knowledge, only basic knowledge of chemistry is required. Table of Contents1 Overview/Introduction.- I Fats and Oils.- 2 Plant Oils.- 3 Fat Products/Oleochemicals.- 4 Reactions of fatty acid chains/Special Oleochemical Products.- 5 The by-product of Oleochemistry/Glycerol.- II Carbohydrate.- 6 Sugar Chemistry.- 7 From wood to pulp/Cellulose.- 8 Starch Chemistry.- 9 Carbohydrates from the sea.- 10 Cyclodextrins.- III Lignin.- 11 Woods' essential ingredient/Lignin.- IV Terpenoids.- 12 Tree Balm/Terpenes.- 13 Natural rubber and its processing.- V Other Natural Products.- 14 Building blocks of life/Amino acids and proteins.- 15 Natural Dyes.- 16 Natural Pharmaceuticals.- 17 The essential 'amines'.- 18 Natural Fragrances and Flavours.- 19 Plastics from nature/Biopolymers.- VI Biorefineries.- 20 Smart raw materials.- Answers to the 'Quickies'.- Index.

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Book SynopsisThe most commonly used biological wastewater treatment technologies still have serious technical-economical and sustainability-related limitations, due to their high energy requirements, poor effluent quality, and lack of energy and resource recovery processes. In this thesis, novel electrochemical membrane bioreactors (EMBRs), which take advantage of membrane separation and bioelectrochemical techniques, are developed for wastewater treatment and the simultaneous recovery of energy and resources. Above all, this innovative system holds great promise for the efficient wastewater treatment and energy recovery. It can potentially recover net energy from wastewater while at the same time harvesting high-quality effluent. The book also provides a proof-of-concept study showing that electrochemical control might offer a promising in-situ means of suppressing membrane fouling. Lastly, by integrating electrodialysis into EMBRs, phosphate separation and recovery are achieved. Hence, these new EMBR techniques provide viable alternatives for sustainable wastewater treatment and resource recovery. Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Research background.- Intermittently aerated membrane bioreactor technologies for nutrients removal and phosphate recovery.- Anaerobic hybrid membrane bioreactor technology for refractory organic pollutant removal.- Electrochemical membrane bioreactor technologies for sustainable wastewater treatment.- In-situ utilization of generated electricity to mitigate membrane fouling.- In-situ utilization of generated electricity for nutrient recovery.- Conclusion.- acknowledgement.- Academic papers and patents during doctoral studies.

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Book SynopsisThis book illustrates the importance and significance of the biosurfactants obtained from microorganisms, preferably from bacteria and yeast. It explains the superiority of biosurfactants (green molecule) over chemically synthesized surfactants for the sustainable future. The content of the present book addresses the quest for novel biosurfactants producing strains, high throughput screening methods, and production strategies. It finely describes the aptness of biosurfactants for industrial and environmental applications. It elaborately describes the technical background and cutting-edge advancement of the commercial aspect of biosurfactants. In the later part of the book, the role of green biosurfactants in food processing, control of food spoilage, incorporation in personal health care products, environmental and agricultural remediation are discussed. Finally, the book elucidates a comprehensive and representative description of toxicity assessment of the biosurfactants, which highlights the risk assessment of the incorporation of the microbial biosurfactants in food, healthcare, and pharmaceutical formulations.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 1.1. Properties and characteristics.- Chapter 1.2. General Properties.- Chapter 1.3. Chemical vs. Biosurfactants.- Chapter 1.4. Aptness of biosurfactants for industrial and environmental applications.- Chapter 2. Screening of Biosurfactants.- Chapter 3. Commercial production, optimization and purification.- Chapter 3.1. Low cost substrates and higher productivity.- Chapter 3.2. Recent developments in optimization and purification.- Chapter 4. Industrial and environmental applications.- Chapter 4.1. Biosurfactants in Food.- Chapter 4.2. Biosurfactants in Food.- Chapter 5. Role of biosurfactants in Agriculture and soil reclamation.- Chapter 5.1. Soil washing and soil reclamation.- Chapter 5.2. Soil washing and soil reclamation.- Chapter 6.Toxicity assessment.

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